hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chromatolysis
In cellular neuroscience, chromatolysis is the dissolution of the Nissl bodies in the cell body of a neuron. It is an induced response of the cell usually triggered by axotomy, ischemia, toxicity to the cell, cell exhaustion, virus infections, and hibernation in lower vertebrates. Neuronal recovery through regeneration can occur after chromatolysis, but most often it is a precursor of apoptosis. The event of chromatolysis is also characterized by a prominent migration of the nucleus towards the periphery of the cell and an increase in the size of the nucleolus, nucleus, and cell body. The term "chromatolysis" was initially used in the 1940s to describe the observed form of cell death characterized by the gradual disintegration of nuclear components, a process which is now called apoptosis. Chromatolysis is still used as a term to distinguish the particular apoptotic process in the neuronal cells, where Nissl substance disintegrates.

Nissl body
In cellular neuroscience, Nissl bodies (also called Nissl granules, Nissl substance or tigroid substance) are discrete granular structures in neurons that consist of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a collection of parallel, membrane-bound cisternae studded with ribosomes on the cytosolic surface of the membranes. Nissl bodies were named after Franz Nissl, a German neuropathologist who invented the staining method bearing his name (Nissl staining). The term "Nissl bodies" generally refers to discrete clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes in nerve cells. Masses of rough endoplasmic reticulum also occur in some non-neuronal cells, where they are referred to as basophilic bodies, or chromophilic substance. While these organelles differ in some ways from Nissl bodies in neurons, large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum are generally linked to the copious production of proteins.
Chorda tympani
Chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve that carries gustatory (taste) sensory innervation from the front of the tongue and parasympathetic (secretomotor) innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

Chorda tympani has a complex course from the brainstem, through the temporal bone and middle ear, into the infratemporal fossa, and ending in the oral cavity.

Lingual nerve
The lingual nerve carries sensory innervation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It contains fibres from both the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) and from the facial nerve (CN VII). The fibres from the trigeminal nerve are for touch, pain and temperature (general sensation), and the ones from the facial nerve are for taste (special sensation).
Rādhān
Rādhān (or al-Rādhān, Arabic: راذان) was a region in south central Mesopotamia (Iraq) in the early Middle Ages. It was an administrative district under the ʿAbbāsids and also a diocese of the Church of the East. It is also known to have had a Jewish population and was probably the country of origin of the Rādhānite merchants. The name, however, does not appear in any Hebrew texts.

The exact location of Rādhān is not certain, but it was not far from Baghdad. It may have been roughly the same as the area known since the later Middle Ages as the Sawād, a fertile territory southeast of Baghdad on the eastern bank of the Tigris. Other authorities place it north of Baghdad, still east of the Tigris or further south of Baghdad and west of the Tigris in the region of Maishan.

Cities that have been located in Rādhān include al-Madāʾin (ancient Seleucia-Ctesiphon), Dastagird, Baʿqūbā, Nahrwān, ʿUkbarā and Kilwādhā (now the eastern part of Baghdad).

Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
At the height of its power, in the 10th century AD, the dioceses of the Church of the East numbered well over a hundred and stretched from Egypt to China. These dioceses were organised into six interior provinces in Mesopotamia, in the Church's Iraqi heartland, and a dozen or more second-rank exterior provinces. Most of the exterior provinces were located in Iran, Central Asia, India and China, testifying to the Church's remarkable eastern expansion in the Middle Ages. A number of East Syriac dioceses were also established in the towns of the eastern Mediterranean, in Palestine, Syria, Cilicia and Egypt.
Student Awards Agency for Scotland
Student Awards Agency Scotland (SAAS) (Scottish Gaelic: Buidheann-tabhartais Oileanach na h-Alba) is an executive agency of the Scottish Government. It supports eligible Scottish students by paying their tuition fees, as well as offering bursaries and supplementary grants.  It also assesses students applying for loans.  The Agency administers the Individual Learning Accounts Scotland scheme (ILA's) in partnership with Skills Development Scotland (SDS).

Individual Learning Account
The Individual Learning Accounts (ILA) scheme was a British Government scheme designed to support adult education in the United Kingdom from the late 1990s. The scheme was announced in the 1997 Labour Party manifesto to support adult education in Britain with a system of tax incentives from employers, as well as a cash contribution of £150 to each of a million individuals. The system was biased towards the uptake of information technology skills, following the emergence of the Internet. The scheme was abandoned in October 2001, after widespread fraud and abuse was found.

ILA Scotland was a separate scheme launched in 2004 by the Scottish Executive, which was replaced in 2017. The The Welsh Assembly Government also ran an ILA scheme from 2004 until 2017.
Abad Santos station
Abad Santos station, also known as J. Abad Santos station, is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system in Manila, Philippines. The station serves Tondo and Santa Cruz, and is situated on Rizal Avenue. The station is named after the nearby Abad Santos Avenue, which in turn, is named after José Abad Santos, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines who was executed by the Japanese invading forces during World War II.

Abad Santos station serves as the sixth station for LRT-1 trains headed to Dr. Santos and as the twentieth station for trains headed to Fernando Poe Jr.

Abad Santos Avenue
Abad Santos Avenue is a major north–south arterial road located in the district of Tondo in northern Manila, Philippines. It is a divided roadway with four lanes in each direction running through the eastern edge of Tondo from the intersection with Rizal Avenue near the Manila Chinese Cemetery at its north end to Recto Avenue near the Tutuban railway station at the district boundary of Tondo and Binondo at the south.
Extinct (2006 TV series)
Extinct is a British television series that aired on ITV in 2006. It features eight celebrities highlighting the plight of some of the world's most endangered species and was presented by Zoe Ball and Sir Trevor McDonald.

During the series, the public were asked to phone in and vote for which animal they wanted to receive 50% of the money raised through the phone votes, via the charity WWF. The winning animal got over £178,000 and the remaining seven shared £178,000. A sister programme called Extinct - The Quiz also aired at the same time.

Zoe Ball
Zoe Louise Ball (born 23 November 1970) is a British broadcaster and presenter. She was the first female host of the Radio 1 and Radio 2 breakfast shows for the BBC, and in 2024 was confirmed as the second-highest paid BBC presenter after Gary Lineker.

In 2018, Ball was announced as the new host of The Radio 2 Breakfast Show and took over from Chris Evans in January 2019, before stepping down from the programme in December 2024.

Ball presented the children's show Live & Kicking, alongside Jamie Theakston, from 1996 to 1999. In 2005, she was a contestant in the third series of Strictly Come Dancing. Following this, in 2011 she replaced Claudia Winkleman as host of the BBC Two spin-off show Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two until her departure in 2021. Ball also hosted the Strictly Come Dancing Live Tour in 2011 and 2015.
Oberheim DSX
The Oberheim DSX is a 9-track digital sequencer equipped with the Oberheim Serial Buss for connecting with the company's OB-Xa or OB-8 synthesizers and DMX drum machine. Connected and used together, Oberheim marketed these products as "The System". In addition to the Oberheim Serial Buss, the DSX has an 8-channel CV/Gate interface for sequencing traditional analog synthesizers.

Oberheim Electronics
Oberheim is an American synthesizer manufacturer founded in 1969 by Tom Oberheim. Beginning in 1975, Oberheim developed some of the first commercially available polyphonic synthesizers and was a prominent synthesizer and drum machine manufacturer through the mid-1980s. In 1988, the company changed ownership and was eventually purchased by Gibson Guitar Corporation, which developed new Oberheim products and licensed the trademark to other companies that produced Oberheim products, but development of Oberheim products ceased after 2000. In 2009, Tom Oberheim began developing instruments through his own company, and in 2019, Gibson returned the Oberheim trademark to Tom Oberheim, whose company rebranded as Oberheim.
Papunya
Papunya (Pintupi-Luritja: Warumpi) is a small Indigenous Australian community roughly 240 kilometres (150 mi) northwest of Alice Springs (Mparntwe) in the Northern Territory, Australia. It is known as an important centre for Contemporary Indigenous Australian art, in particular the style created by the Papunya Tula artists in the 1970s, referred to colloquially as dot painting. Its population in 2016 was 404.

Luritja
The Luritja or Loritja people, also known as Kukatja or Kukatja-Luritja, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory. Their traditional lands are immediately west of the Derwent River, that forms a frontier with the Arrernte people, with their lands covering some 27,000 square kilometres (10,300 sq mi). Their language is the Luritja dialect, a Western Desert language.
Brad Wright
Brad Wright (born May 2, 1961) is a Canadian television producer and screenwriter. He is best known as the co-creator of the television series Stargate SG-1 (with Jonathan Glassner), Stargate Atlantis (with Robert C. Cooper) and Stargate Universe (also with Cooper) and as the creator of Travelers.

Before the inception of the Stargate franchise, he served as the co-executive producer and a writer of The Outer Limits. He has also written scripts for several other television series including Neon Rider, The Adventures of the Black Stallion, The Odyssey, Highlander: The Series and Poltergeist: The Legacy.

Travelers (TV series)
Travelers is a science fiction television series created by Brad Wright, starring Eric McCormack, Mackenzie Porter, Jared Abrahamson, Nesta Cooper, Reilly Dolman, and Patrick Gilmore. The first two seasons were co-produced by Netflix and Canadian specialty channel Showcase. After the second season, Netflix became the sole commissioning broadcaster and worldwide distributor. The show premiered in Canada on October 17, 2016, and worldwide on December 23, 2016. A second season followed in 2017, and a third season was released on December 14, 2018. In February 2019, the series was cancelled.
William Tatham
William Meaburn Tatham (30 July 1862 – 18 October 1938) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Norfolk, Tatham was educated at Marlborough College and Brasenose College, Oxford.

Tatham, a forward, was capped seven times for England from 1882 to 1884. He captained Oxford University to an unbeaten season in 1884–85 and also competed for the Marlborough Nomads. In addition to rugby, Tatham also featured at the Wimbledon Championships, and played for Folkestone FC in the FA Cup.

A member of the clergy, Tatham served as a chaplain in the Second Boer War and was vicar of Cantley for 46 years.

Marlborough Nomads
The Marlborough Nomads was a 19th-century English rugby union club that was notable for being one of the twenty-one founding members of the Rugby Football Union. They also supplied a number of players for the sport's early international fixtures.
Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ʁon alp] ⓘ) was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the river Rhône and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region.

Ardèche
Ardèche (French pronunciation: [aʁdɛʃ] ⓘ; Occitan: Ardecha, pronounced [aɾˈdet͡ʃɔ]; Arpitan: Ardecha) is a department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. It is named after the river Ardèche and had a population of 328,278 as of 2019. Its prefecture is in Privas, but its largest city is Annonay.
Willy Hess (composer)
Willy Hess (12 October 1906 – 9 May 1997) was a Swiss musicologist, composer, and famous Beethoven scholar. He achieved fame after compiling and publishing a  catalogue of works of Beethoven that were not listed in the "complete" edition. He orchestrated the Piano Concerto No. 0, in E-flat from a piano score.

Piano Concerto No. 0 (Beethoven)
Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Concerto in E flat major, WoO. 4, is one of his earlier works, written in 1784 when he was only 14. Only the solo piano part survives today, although there are some indications in the manuscript for orchestral cues. On the occasions when the work has been performed, the orchestral part has had to be arranged beforehand. The concerto is sometimes referred to as Piano Concerto No. 0, as it came before all of Beethoven's other piano concertos. It is rarely performed. Pianists Howard Shelley, Ronald Brautigam and Philippos Tsalachouris, as well as the Swiss musicologist and composer Willy Hess, have each made their own reconstructions of the concerto.
Dingelstädt
Dingelstädt (German pronunciation: [ˈdɪŋl̩ˌʃtɛt] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the upper course of the river Unstrut, 8 km (5 mi) south of Leinefelde-Worbis and 15 km (9 mi) northwest of Mühlhausen. The former municipalities Helmsdorf, Kefferhausen, Kreuzebra and Silberhausen were merged into Dingelstädt in January 2019. In January 2023 Dingelstädt absorbed the villages Bickenriede and Zella from the former municipality Anrode, and Beberstedt and Hüpstedt from the former municipality Dünwald. In January 2024 it absorbed the village Struth from the former municipality Rodeberg.

Unstrut
The Unstrut (German pronunciation: [ˈʊnʃtʁuːt] ⓘ or [ˈʊnstʁuːt] ⓘ) is a river in Germany and a left tributary of the Saale.

The Unstrut originates in northern Thuringia near Dingelstädt (west of Kefferhausen in the Eichsfeld area) and its catchment area is the whole of the Thuringian Basin. It breaks out of the basin through the Thuringian Gate west of Heldrungen and, in its lower reaches, flows through Saxony-Anhalt before emptying into the Saale near Naumburg. The total length of the Unstrut is 192 kilometres (119 mi). Towns along the Unstrut include Mühlhausen, Sömmerda, Bad Frankenhausen, Artern, Roßleben, and Freyburg.
The main tributaries of the Unstrut are the Gera, Wipper, Helme, and Lossa.

The countryside around the Saale and Unstrut rivers forms the wine-growing region of Saale-Unstrut.  The well-known brand of sparkling wine, Rotkäppchen ("Little Red Riding Hood") is produced in the cellars of Freyburg.
Tunceli
Tunceli (Armenian: Մամիկի, romanized: Mamiki; Kurdish: Kalan; Zazaki: Mamekiye) is a municipality (belde) in Tunceli District and capital of Tunceli Province, Turkey. The city has a Kurdish majority. The population is predominantly Kurdish Alevi, a distinct ethno-religious community whose identity has been shaped by the region's history of autonomy and resistance to central state authority. It had a population of 35,161 in 2021.

Tunceli District
Tunceli District (also: Merkez, meaning "central" in Turkish) is a district of Tunceli Province in Turkey. The town of Tunceli is its seat and the district had a population of 39,610 in 2021. Its area is 1,128 km2.
Scott Mellanby
Scott Edgar Mellanby (born June 11, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, coach, and executive. He primarily played right wing throughout his NHL career, on occasion shifting over to the left side. He is the son of former Hockey Night in Canada producer Ralph Mellanby.

Ralph Mellanby
Ralph Mellanby (August 22, 1934 – January 29, 2022) was a Canadian sportscaster and television producer, who was the executive producer of Hockey Night in Canada broadcasts from 1966 to 1985 and on the production team for various Olympic Games broadcasts.
Racławice, Kraków County
Racławice [rat͡swaˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.
Religions: Roman Catholicism (The Church), Jehovah's Witnesses (1%).

Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia
Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Jerzmanowice, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 68.39 square kilometres (26.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,432.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kraków Valleys Landscape Park.
Cammy Myler
Cameron "Cammy" Myler (born December 7, 1968) is an American luge athlete who was a member of the U.S. National Luge Team from 1985 to 1998 and competed on four Winter Olympics teams.

Cameron is also a photographer with works on display with the Art of the Olympians. She is a professor at NYU.

Art of the Olympians
Art of the Olympians (AOTO) is an organization and program of Olympian and Paralympian artists that promotes the Olympic ideals of values, integrity, character, respect, honor, and work ethic through exhibitions and educational programs. It puts on traveling exhibitions, runs workshops, organizes talks at schools, to show and discuss the connection between sport, art, and the Olympics. AOTO previously operated a museum.

AOTO is a program of the non-profit Al Oerter Foundation.
1979–80 County Antrim Shield
The 1979–80 County Antrim Shield was the 91st edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Ballymena United won the tournament for the 4th time, defeating Crusaders 3–1 on penalties after the final finished 0-0.

Ballymena United F.C.
Ballymena United Football Club is a semi-professional football club from Northern Ireland. Based in Ballymena, County Antrim, the team competes in the NIFL Premiership and plays home matches at the Ballymena Showgrounds.

The club was formed in 1934 after the dissolution of Ballymena F.C., a club formed on 7 April 1928 when four local businessmen and football enthusiasts decided that the town of Ballymena needed a senior football team in the Irish League. Nicknamed the 'Braidmen' or 'Sky Blues', latterly because of the colour of the home shirts, United have won the Irish Cup five times. The main club rivals of Ballymena United are Coleraine. The annual Boxing Day derby fixture between the two teams attracts large crowds and is one of the high-profile fixtures in the Northern Irish football league calendar.
Love and War (Tamar Braxton song)
"Love and War" is the lead single by American singer Tamar Braxton from her second album of the same name. The song received two Grammy Award nominations at the 56th Grammy Awards for Best R&B Song and Best R&B Performance.

Love and War (Tamar Braxton album)
Love and War is the second studio album by American singer Tamar Braxton. The album was released on September 3, 2013, by Epic Records and Streamline Records. It is Tamar Braxton’s first studio album in 13 years. The album was a success, debuting at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart selling 114,000 copies. Even though plans for a re-release of the album with a full version of the song "She Did That" and a rap remix of "One on One Fun" in 2014 with additional songs were announced, the idea was eventually scrapped as Love and War was never re-published.
Michelle Cook
Michelle Cook (born January 19, 1970) is an American politician who served the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 65th district from 2009 to 2025.

In the 2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election, she was unseated by Republican candidate Joseph Canino.

2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election
The 2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election was held on November 5, 2024, alongside the 2024 United States elections. Primary elections took place on August 14, 2024. Democrats gained a two-thirds majority in the state house, and along with expanding their Senate majority, were able to achieve a supermajority in both chambers of the state legislature. This allowed them to override any veto by governor Ned Lamont.
Madan Saddle
Madan Saddle (Bulgarian: Маданска седловина, ‘Madanska Sedlovina’ \ma-'dan-ska se-dlo-vi-'na\) is a saddle of elevation 1046 m in Imeon Range on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands bounded by Neofit Peak to the northeast and Riggs Peak to the south-southwest.  Overlooking Gramada Glacier to the southeast.  Bulgarian early mapping in 2009.  Named after the town of Madan in the Rhodope Mountains, southern Bulgaria.

63°01′37″S 62°36′05″W﻿ / ﻿63.02694°S 62.60139°W﻿ / -63.02694; -62.60139

Madan, Smolyan Province
Madan (Bulgarian: Мадан [mɐˈdan]) is a town in Smolyan Province, the very south of Bulgaria in the Yellow Share of the Rhodope Mountains. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Madan Municipality. In 2019, the town had a population of 6,597.
Blood and Sand (1922 film)
Blood and Sand is a 1922 American silent drama film produced by Paramount Pictures, directed by Fred Niblo and starring Rudolph Valentino, Lila Lee, and Nita Naldi. It was based on the 1908 Spanish novel Blood and Sand (Sangre y arena) by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez and the play Blood and Sand by Thomas Cushing which was adapted from Ibáñez's novel.

Blood and Sand (play)
Blood and Sand is a play in four acts by Tom Cushing. It is based on Vicente Blasco Ibáñez's 1908 Spanish-language novel Blood and Sand (English: Sangre y arena). Both the novel and Cushing's play were the basis for the 1922 silent film Blood and Sand starring Rudolph Valentino. Set in Madrid, the play tells the story of a Spanish bullfighter who is betrayed by both the woman he loves and his ardent and bloodthirsty fans.
East Coast Jets Flight 81
East Coast Jets Flight 81 was a business jet flight operated by East Coast Jets that crashed on July 31, 2008 while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna, Minnesota, killing all eight occupants on board. The flight originated in Atlantic City International Airport, and was scheduled to land in Owatonna. The crew made a go-around attempt after the aircraft touched down, but it overran the runway, hit the instrument landing system localizer antenna at an altitude of approximately 5 ft (1.5 m), stalled and crashed, with the main wreckage coming to rest 2,400 ft (730 m) from the runway end.

Owatonna Degner Regional Airport
Owatonna Degner Regional Airport (IATA: OWA, ICAO: KOWA, FAA LID: OWA) is three miles northwest of Owatonna, in Steele County, Minnesota. Its IATA identifier "OWA" comes from the first three letters of the city of Owatonna. The airport is used for general aviation.