hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lüdinghausen
Lüdinghausen (German pronunciation: [lyːdɪŋˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ; Westphalian: Lünkhusen or Lünksel) is a town in district of Coesfeld in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the Dortmund-Ems Canal, approx. 25 km south-west of Münster.

Dortmund–Ems Canal
The Dortmund–Ems Canal is a 269-kilometre (167 mi) long canal in Germany between the inland port of the city of Dortmund (51°31′30″N 7°26′40″E﻿ / ﻿51.52500°N 7.44444°E﻿ / 51.52500; 7.44444) and the seaport of Emden. The artificial southern part of the canal ends after 215 kilometres (134 mi) at Herbrum lock near Meppen. The route then takes the river Ems for 45 kilometres (28 mi) to Oldersum lock. From there, the canal continues along a second artificial segment of 9 kilometres (6 mi). This latter section was built because inland ships at the time of the construction of the canal were not built for the open sea, which they would have faced at the Dollart and the entry to the sea port of Emden. It is connected to the Ems-Jade Canal from Emden to Wilhelmshaven.
Eugène Rutagarama
Eugène Rutagarama is an environmentalist from Rwanda. He was awarded the "Goldman Environmental Prize" in 2001, for his efforts on saving the population of mountain gorillas in the Volcanoes National Park at Virungas mountains, during the war and recent conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Volcanoes National Park
Volcanoes National Park is a national park in northwestern Rwanda. It covers 160 km2 (62 sq mi) of rainforest and  encompasses five of the eight volcanoes in the Virunga Mountains, namely Karisimbi, Bisoke, Muhabura, Gahinga and Sabyinyo. It borders Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda. It is home to the mountain gorilla and the golden monkey, and was the base for the primatologist Dian Fossey.
Yo Ho Ho
Yo Ho Ho (Bulgarian: Йо-хо-хо) is a 1981 Bulgarian drama film directed by Zako Heskiya and written by Valeri Petrov. It was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival, where it won the Special Prize. The 2006 film The Fall by Tarsem Singh is based on Yo Ho Ho.

Zako Heskiya
Zako Heskija (Зако Хеския), born Isaac Solomonov Heskiya (Исак Соломонов Хеския), also transliterated as Zako Heskia or Sako Cheskija (21 September 1922 – 3 June 2006), was a Bulgarian film director and screenwriter. He was born in Istanbul to Jewish parents.
George D. Brown (architect)
George Dewey Brown (April 6, 1898 – July 27, 1968) was a 20th-century American architect who designed several historically significant bus stations for Greyhound Lines, including the Greyhound Bus Depot (Columbia, South Carolina) and the Atlantic Greyhound Bus Terminal station in Savannah, Georgia. Both of these stations are listed on the National Register of Historic Places for their architecture.

Atlantic Greyhound Bus Terminal
The Atlantic Greyhound Bus Terminal, at 109 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. in Savannah, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

It was designed by architect George D. Brown in Streamline Moderne style. It was opened in 1938 and operated until 1965. It made intercity bus travel possible for residents of Savannah.

John Marisano bought the building and since 2018 it houses The Grey Bar & Restaurant.
Flame tank
A flame tank is a type of tank equipped with a flamethrower, most commonly used to supplement combined arms attacks against fortifications, confined spaces, or other obstacles. The type only reached significant use in the Second World War, during which the United States, Nazi Germany, Soviet Union, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom all produced flamethrower-equipped tanks.

A number of production methods were used. The flamethrowers used were either modified versions of existing infantry flame weapons (Flammpanzer I and II) or specially designed (Flammpanzer III). They were mounted externally (Flammpanzer II), replaced existing machine gun mounts, or replaced the tank's main armament (Flammpanzer III). Fuel for the flame weapon was either carried inside the tank, in armoured external storage, or in some cases in a special trailer behind the tank (Churchill Crocodile).

L6/40 tank
The L6/40 was a light tank used by the Italian army from 1940 through World War II. It was designed by Ansaldo as an export product, and was adopted by the Italian Army when officials learned of the design and expressed interest. It was the main tank employed by the Italian forces fighting on the Eastern Front alongside the L6/40-based Semovente 47/32 self-propelled gun. L6/40s were also used in the North African campaign.

The official Italian designation was Carro Armato ("armored vehicle", i.e. "tank") L6/40. This designation means: "L" for Leggero ("light"), followed by the weight in tons (6) and the year of adoption (1940).
Bequest to the Nation (film)
Bequest to the Nation (U.S. title The Nelson Affair) is a 1973 British historical drama film directed by James Cellan Jones and starring Glenda Jackson, Peter Finch, Michael Jayston and Margaret Leighton. It was written by Terence Rattigan based on his 1970 play A Bequest to the Nation.

James Cellan Jones
Alan James Gwynne Cellan Jones (13 July 1931 – 30 August 2019) was a British television and film director. From 1963, he directed over 50 television series and films, specialising in dramas.

He was particularly associated with the "Classic Serial" during the golden age of BBC drama, and some of his most significant work was in televising late 19th-century and 20th-century British literary works. Two of his most ambitious and successful directorial adaptations were the miniseries  The Forsyte Saga (1967), which became a national and international hit, and Fortunes of War (1987); and he was also known for his award-winning productions of Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill (1974) and Harnessing Peacocks (1993).

Cellan Jones was Head of Plays at BBC Television, chairman of BAFTA, and chairman of the Directors Guild of Great Britain.
History of public health in the United Kingdom
The history of public health in the United Kingdom covers public health in the United Kingdom since about 1700. The history saw incremental progress against systemic inequities. Legislative milestones, scientific breakthroughs, and grassroots advocacy collectively transformed a landscape once dominated by disease and deprivation.  Hospitals moved from the periphery to the center of public health services.   Challenges like very bad urban sanitation, epidemics, tuberculosis, and infant mortality were largely resolved by the early 20th century. The foundations laid by 19th-century reformers enabled the creation of a comprehensive national health system, epitomized by the National Health Service in 1948.

Edwin Chadwick
Sir Edwin Chadwick KCB (24 January 1800 – 6 July 1890) was an English social reformer who is noted for his leadership in reforming the Poor Laws in England and instituting major reforms in urban sanitation and public health.  A disciple of Utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, he was most active between 1832 and 1854; after that he held minor positions, and his views were largely ignored. Chadwick pioneered the use of scientific surveys to identify all phases of a complex social problem, and pioneered the use of systematic long-term inspection programmes to make sure the reforms operated as planned.
Manuel Suárez y Suárez
Manuel Suárez y Suárez (23 March 1896 – 23 July 1987) was a Spanish immigrant to Mexico who became a successful entrepreneur and patron of the arts.
He is known for the Casino de la Selva in Cuernavaca, the Hotel de México, and the adjacent Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros.

Casino de la Selva
The Hotel Casino de la Selva  (Jungle Casino Hotel) was a hotel and casino located in the city of Cuernavaca, Mexico. 
The main building was opened in 1931 as a hotel and casino, but from 1934 it was used only as a hotel.
Additions in the late 1950s included buildings designed by the architect Félix Candela that were roofed by reinforced concrete paraboloid shells.
The interior was decorated with murals by well-known Mexican and Spanish artists.
After the 1970s the hotel went into decline, and in 1994 was sold to a hotel chain that failed to pay taxes on the property.
It was seized by the Mexican government and was auctioned off in 2001 as a site for construction of a discount store and a hypermarket.
After demolition had begun there was a public outcry, and eventually some parts of the murals were preserved.
Fanny Carby
Fanny Carby (2 February 1925 – 20 September 2002) was a British character actress.  She had two different roles on Coronation Street: she played Mary Hornigold in 1965, then in 1987 she took the role of Vera Duckworth's domineering mother, Amy Burton, a role she played into the following year. Fanny's other credits include Street spin-off Pardon the Expression, On The Buses, Sykes, The Bill, In Sickness and in Health and Goodnight Sweetheart.

On stage, she was a founder member of Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop, and appeared in Oh, What a Lovely War in London and on Broadway; and also in its film version, for director Richard Attenborough.

Oh! What a Lovely War
Oh! What a Lovely War is a 1969 British epic black comedy historical musical war film directed by Richard Attenborough (in his directorial debut), with an ensemble cast, including Maggie Smith, Dirk Bogarde, John Gielgud, John Mills, Kenneth More, Laurence Olivier, Jack Hawkins, Corin Redgrave, Michael Redgrave, Vanessa Redgrave, Ralph Richardson, Ian Holm, Paul Shelley, Malcolm McFee, Jean-Pierre Cassel, Nanette Newman, Edward Fox, Susannah York, John Clements, Phyllis Calvert and Maurice Roëves.

The film is based on the stage musical Oh, What a Lovely War!, originated by Charles Chilton as the radio play The Long Long Trail in December 1961, and transferred to stage by Gerry Raffles in partnership with Joan Littlewood and her Theatre Workshop in 1963.

The title is derived from the music hall song "Oh! It's a Lovely War", which is one of the major numbers in the film.
Electoral district of Hawkesbury
Hawkesbury is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Robyn Preston of the Liberal Party.

It includes all of the City of Hawkesbury and the far north of both The Hills Shire and Hornsby Shire.

Robyn Preston
Robyn Anne Preston is an Australian politician. She has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2019, representing Hawkesbury for the Liberal Party. Her Electorate Office is situated within the grounds of Western Sydney University in Richmond.

Preston was on The Hills Shire Council for ten years, including a period as deputy mayor, and was also Australia's first female rugby league commentator on commercial television.

In the 1980s, Preston appeared as a centrefold model in Penthouse Magazine under the pseudonym of Kelly Russell. The photos re-emerged in 2018 as she was seeking preselection for the seat she eventually won and in 2012 as she sought to be elected to The Hills Shire Council. One of the people who had circulated them in 2018 was Peter Poulos who became a member of the Legislative Council in 2021 and was publicly criticised for it in the leadup to the 2023 election.
Little Italy, Ottawa
Little Italy is a neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and the cultural centre of Ottawa's Italian community. Situated in Centretown West, its main commercial area is along Preston Street, with the heart of the community being at the corner of Preston and Gladstone Avenue.

Little Italy is adjacent to Chinatown, whose business district centres on Somerset Street.

Somerset Street (Ottawa)
Somerset Street is a street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is divided into Somerset Street East and Somerset Street West by the Rideau Canal. The western portion is internally designated as Ottawa Road #36, as part of the now-mostly unsigned Ottawa Roads system; a legacy of the former Ottawa-Carleton regional roads system.
Neil Anderson (RNZN officer)
Vice Admiral Sir Neil Dudley Anderson, KBE, CB (5 April 1927 – 5 June 2010) was a senior officer in the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). He served as Chief of Naval Staff, the professional head of the RNZN, from 1978 to 1980 and as Chief of Defence Staff from 1980 to 1983. He married the author Barbara Anderson in 1951, and the couple had two children. He died on 5 June 2010 aged 83.

Anderson was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1967 Queen's Birthday Honours, and advanced to Commander of the same order in the 1977 New Year Honours. Also in 1977, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1980 New Year Honours, and knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1982 Queen's Birthday Honours.

1980 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1980 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1979 and the beginning of 1980, and were announced on 31 December 1979.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Smartavia
Smartavia, formerly known as Aeroflot Nord (until December 2009), and Nordavia (until March 2019), is a Russian low-cost airline with its head office in Arkhangelsk, Russia. It mainly operates scheduled domestic and regional services. Its main bases are Arkhangelsk Airport, Pulkovo Airport (Saint Petersburg), and Sheremetyevo International Airport, serving Moscow. Smartavia is a joint-stock company.

As of February 2025, it is on the List of airlines banned in the European Union.

Talagi Airport
Talagi Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Архангельск (Тала́ги) имени Ф.А. Абрамова) (IATA: ARH, ICAO: ULAA) is an international airport serving Arkhangelsk, Russia, located 11 kilometers outside the city. In 2001, it had 105,797 passengers and 921 tonnes of cargo. The airport was founded on February 5, 1963. It had an operational peak in 1990 with 952,457 passengers.

Talagi Airport serves as an airline hub for Smartavia.

The airport is home to the 89th Independent Aviation Squadron which uses the Antonov An-26 (ASCC: Curl) and Mil Mi-8MTV-5 (ASCC: Hip) as part of the 45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army.
Roy Helge Olsen
Roy Helge Olsen (born 19 January 1965) is a Norwegian football referee from Trondheim, representing Flekkerøy IL from Kristiansand. He started as a referee in 1979 and was a referee in FIFA from 1992 to 2002. Olsen officiated in 2002 World Cup qualifying, refereeing the match between Spain and Bosnia. He has refereed over 30 national matches at different age groups, both men and women, in addition to 28 matches in the European Cup. In 1991, he refereed the Norwegian Cup Final between Strømsgodset and Rosenborg, as well as the Norwegian Cup Final between Vålerenga and Strømsgodset in 1997. He also refereed the European Championship for U-18 in England in 1993.

Olsen won the Kniksen award for Referee of the year in 1993.

Kniksen Award
The Kniksen Award (Norwegian: Kniksenprisen), established in 1990, honors the best players in the Norwegian football premiership. The award is named after the legendary Norwegian football player Roald Jensen, nicknamed "Kniksen".
Mountain Air Cargo
Mountain Air Cargo (MAC) is an American cargo airline based in Denver, North Carolina. It is a major contract carrier for FedEx Express, operating in the eastern United States and the Caribbean region. Previous turboprop operations in South America have been discontinued by FedEx, which now operates jet aircraft in that area. MAC is one of the largest feeder airlines in the United States. Its main maintenance facility is at Kinston Regional Jetport.  All of the ATR, C408, and C208 aircraft operated by Mountain Air are owned by FedEx Express, and are operated by MAC on a "dry lease" basis.

Denver, North Carolina
Denver, formerly known as Dry Pond, is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Lincoln County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,309.

Known as “Dry Pond” until 1873, it was renamed “Denver” (after the capital of the then territory of Colorado) as a marketing and growth strategy directed towards the emerging railroad industry. The name change was championed by D. Matt Thompson, a local principal. The town was incorporated as such from 1877 until 1971, when the town lost its charter and was reincorporated back into Lincoln County.
Chasqui I
Chasqui I is a one-kilogram nanosatellite developed by students at Peru's National University of Engineering (UNI) based on CubeSat technology. Developed with assistance from the Russian Southwest State University (SWSU), Kursk, it was part of an educational project to acquire the experience and ability in developing satellites.

The nanosatellite was launched from the International Space Station during a spacewalk on August 18, 2014. The concept satellite was equipped with two cameras—one for visible light and one for infrared—to take photos of Earth.

The name of the project refers to the chasqui, who served as messengers in the Inca Empire.

Chasqui
A chasqui (also spelled chaski) was a messenger of the Inca Empire. Agile, highly trained and physically fit, they were in charge of carrying messages in the form of quipus, oral information, or small packets. Along the Inca road system there were relay stations called chaskiwasi (house of chasqui), placed at about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from each other, where the chasqui switched, exchanging their message(s) with the fresh messenger. The chasqui system could be able to deliver a message or a gift along a distance of up to 300 kilometres (190 mi) per day.: Ch. I.3
Japanese China Garrison Army
The China Garrison Army (支那駐屯軍, Shina Chutongun) was formed 1 June 1901 as the Chinese Empire Garrison Army (清国駐屯軍, Shinkoku Chutongun), as part of Japan's contribution to the international coalition in China during the Boxer Rebellion. It took the name China Garrison Army from 14 April 1912 and onward, though was typically referred to as the Tianjin Garrison.

5th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 5th Division (第5師団, Dai-go shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Koi (Carp) Division (鯉兵団, Koihei-dan). The 5th Division was formed in Hiroshima in January 1871 as the Hiroshima Garrison (広島鎮台, Hiroshima chindai), one of six regional commands created in the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army. Its personnel were drafted from Hiroshima, Yamaguchi and Shimane.
Reserve, Montana
Reserve is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sheridan County, Montana, United States. The population was 23 at the 2010 census.

The town of Wakea was platted in 1911. The name was changed in 1912 with the establishment of the post office. The name comes from the proximity to the Fort Peck Indian Reservation.

Sheridan County, Montana
Sheridan County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,539. Its county seat is Plentywood. Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States border south of Saskatchewan.
Juan de Fuca Ridge
The Juan de Fuca Ridge is a mid-ocean spreading center and divergent plate boundary located off the coast of the Pacific Northwest region of North America, named after Juan de Fuca. The ridge separates the Pacific Plate to the west and the Juan de Fuca Plate to the east. It runs generally northward, with a length of approximately 500 kilometres (310 mi). The ridge is a section of what remains from the larger Pacific-Farallon Ridge which used to be the primary spreading center of this region, driving the Farallon Plate underneath the North American Plate through the process of plate tectonics. Today, the Juan de Fuca Ridge pushes the Juan de Fuca Plate underneath the North American plate, forming the Cascadia Subduction Zone.

Pacific plate
The Pacific plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million km2 (40 million sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate.

The plate first came into existence as a microplate 190 million years ago, at the triple junction between the Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi plates. The Pacific plate subsequently grew to where it underlies most of the Pacific Ocean basin. This reduced the Farallon plate to a few remnants along the west coast of the Americas and the Phoenix plate to a small remnant near the Drake Passage, and destroyed the Izanagi plate by subduction under Asia.

The Pacific plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands.
Killiney Castle
Killiney Castle, also known as Mount Malpas, Rocksborough, or Loftus Hill, and now known as Fitzpatrick Castle Hotel, is an 18th-century manor house near Killiney in County Dublin, Ireland. The castle was converted into a hotel, which has been open since 1971.

Henry Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely
Henry Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely KP, PC (Ire) (18 November 1709 – 8 May 1783), styled The Honourable from 1751 to 1769 and known as Henry Loftus, 4th Viscount Loftus from 1769 to 1771, was an Anglo-Irish peer and politician.

Loftus was the second son of Nicholas Loftus, 1st Viscount Loftus and Anne Ponsonby, daughter of William Ponsonby, 1st Viscount Duncannon, living at Loftus Hall in the County of Wexford.  He served as Sheriff of the county in 1744 and was resident in the Barony of Bargy at Richfield manor in 1745, serving as a member of parliament to the Irish House of Commons in his father's seat of Bannow from 1747.

For the first fifty years of his life, as the younger son, Loftus lead a modest life in relative obscurity, subsisting on the patronage he could obtain from his first cousin William Ponsonby, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons.
Rohrabacher–Farr amendment
The Rohrabacher–Farr amendment (also known as the Rohrabacher–Blumenauer amendment) is legislation introduced by U.S. Representative Maurice Hinchey in 2001, prohibiting the Justice Department from spending funds to interfere with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws. It passed the House in May 2014 after six previously failed attempts, becoming law in December 2014 as part of an omnibus spending bill. The passage of the amendment was the first time either chamber of Congress had voted to protect medical cannabis patients, and is viewed as a historic victory for cannabis reform advocates at the federal level. The amendment does not change the legal status of cannabis, however, and must be renewed each fiscal year in order to remain in effect.

Dana Rohrabacher
Dana Tyrone Rohrabacher (/ˈrɔːrəˌbɑːkər/ ROR-ə-BAH-kər; born June 21, 1947) is an American former politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1989 to 2019. Representing California's 48th congressional district for the last three terms of his House tenure. A member of the Republican Party, Rohrabacher was defeated by Democrat Harley Rouda in 2018 by a margin of 7.2%. During his tenure in Congress, Rohrabacher expressed strong pro-Russia and pro-Putin opinions which have raised questions about his relationship with Vladimir Putin and the Russian government. Politico dubbed him as "Putin's favorite congressman".