hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar
John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar, (Dillenburg, 6 August 1590 – Hadamar, 10 March 1653) and also known in German as Johann Ludwig, was a German nobleman and member of the House of Nassau who is best known for his role as an aide to the head of the imperial (Holy Roman Empire) delegation for the Peace of Westphalia, Count Maximilian von Trautmansdorff.

He was the son of John VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and his third wife Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein.

When his father died in 1606, Nassau was divided amongst his five sons. William Louis received Nassau-Dillenburg, John received Nassau-Siegen, George received Nassau-Beilstein, Ernst Casimir received Nassau-Dietz and John Louis received Nassau-Hadamar.

Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg
Count John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg (22 November 1536 – 8 October 1606) was the second son of William the Rich and the younger brother of William the Silent. He has a special place in the history of the Netherlands because he is the male-line forefather of the House of Orange.

John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg was a Count of Nassau in Dillenburg. Other names he had were Jan VI or Jan de Oude ("John the Elder", to distinguish him from his 2nd son, "John the Middle", and his grandson "John the Younger").

John VI was born in Dillenburg, the second son of Count William I of Nassau-Dillenburg and his second wife Juliane of Stolberg-Wernigerode and brother of William I of Orange. He was the principal author of the Union of Utrecht.
Ormosia coccinea
Ormosia coccinea is a plant that grows throughout the South Eastern North American countries, and all throughout South America.  It produces beautiful red seeds with one black spot covering one-third of its surface.  These seeds are used for jewelry and other decorative purposes.

The seeds are known as wayruru (Aymara, also spelled huayruro, huayruru, wayruro) in Peru, where villagers believe them to be powerful good luck charms, and nene or chumico in Costa Rica. A French name is panacoco, but this more often applies to Swartzia tomentosa.

Kharisiri, a fat-sucking Andean folkloric creature, are said to carry wayruru beans in their pockets when they attack victims.

Swartzia panacoco
Swartzia panacoco, known as panococo or Brazilian ebony, is a tree of the bean family, growing in Guyana, South America.  Its wood is hard and durable. The heartwood ranges from an olive brown to a near black color and can have lighter or darker markings that are sharply separated from the sapwood, which is lighter and yellow in appearance.

The wood of the panococo is used much like ebony but more limited due to smaller size logs.

According to "The Treasury of Botany" published by Longmans, Green, and Co. of London in 1899 for John Lindley, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., an Emeritus Professor of Botany in University College, London, panococo is also a French name for Ormosia coccinea.

In 1997, it was listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants.
Center for Faulkner Studies
The Center for Faulkner Studies (CFS) is a research center located at Southeast Missouri State University.  It is devoted to the study of the life and works of William Faulkner (1897–1962), the American author who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950.  The Center was established in 1989, after the university acquired the Louis Daniel Brodsky collection of Faulkner materials.  The founding director of the CFS is Robert W. Hamblin, now Professor Emeritus of English at Southeast.  He worked with Brodsky starting in 1979 to produce books, articles, lectures, and exhibits based on the materials in the collection. Dr. Christopher Rieger, Professor of English at Southeast, took Dr. Hamblin's place as the Center's director in 2013.  Dr. Hamblin is now a volunteer consultant for the Center.

Robert W. Hamblin
Robert Wayne Hamblin (born November 5, 1938) is a poet, an author, and a professor emeritus at Southeast Missouri State University. He is best known for his achievements related to the works of William Faulkner.
Hāwera
Hāwera is the second-largest centre in the Taranaki region of New Zealand's North Island, with a population of 10,700. It is near the coast of the South Taranaki Bight. The origins of the town lie in a government military base that was established in 1866, and the town of Hāwera grew up around a blockhouse in the early 1870s.

Hāwera is 75 kilometres south of New Plymouth on State Highway 3 and 30 minutes' drive from Mount Taranaki. It is located on State Highway 45, known as Surf Highway 45 for its numerous surf beaches. State Highway 45 passes through Manaia, Ōpunake and Oakura en route to New Plymouth. Kaponga is a 20-minute drive to the north-west. The Marton–New Plymouth Line railway passes through Hāwera and has served the town since 1 August 1881, though it has been freight-only since the cancellation of the last railcar passenger service between Wellington and New Plymouth on 30 July 1977.

State Highway 3 (New Zealand)
State Highway 3 (SH 3) is one of New Zealand's eight national state highways. It serves the west coast of the country's North Island and forms a link between State Highway 1 and State Highway 2. Distances are measured from north to south.

For most of its length SH 3 is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, both in rural and urban areas.
Cherry Creek (South Dakota)
Cherry Creek is a tributary of the Cheyenne River, approximately 50 mi (80 km), in central South Dakota in the United States.

Cherry Creek was so named on account of the cherry trees along its course.

It rises in the prairie country of northern Meade County, and flows southeast and east, across the southwest corner of the Cheyenne River Sioux Indian Reservation, and past Red Scaffold. It joins the Cheyenne at the town of Cherry Creek.

Cherry Creek, South Dakota
Cherry Creek (Lakota: čhaŋpȟá wakpála; "Chokecherry Creek") is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Ziebach County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 282 at the 2020 census.

The community takes its name from Cherry Creek.
E.R. (Emergency Room)
"E.R. (Emergency Room)" is a song by American R&B singer Joe. It was written by Dernst "D'Mile" Emile II, Norquon "Fats" Greg, and LaShawn Daniels for his seventh studio album Joe Thomas, New Man (2008), while production was helmed by D'Mile and Greg. Released as the album's lead single, it peaked at number 32 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

LaShawn Daniels
LaShawn Ameen Daniels (December 28, 1977 – September 3, 2019) was an American songwriter, vocal producer and arranger. Often in tandem with producer Rodney Jerkins, he is known for his songwriting work for R&B singers such as Brandy, Beyoncé, Michael Jackson,  Tamar Braxton, Toni Braxton, Jennifer Lopez, Ciara, and Whitney Houston, among others. Daniels won a Grammy Award—from nine nominations—for his work on Destiny's Child's 1999 single "Say My Name", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100.
Bus Open Data Service
The Bus Open Data Service (BODS) is a government-funded service in England, established in 2020 as part of the Bus Services Act 2017. It was created in a partnership between Ito World, the Department for Transport and KPMG.

The service was described by Ito World as "an international first", as it provides Open Data of bus timetables, fares and Automatic Vehicle Location of buses across England.

An extension to the Bus Open Data Service, Analyse Bus Open Data Service (ABOD), was introduced in 2021 to provide free-to-access reporting and analytics to operators and authorities nationally. The extended service provides access to on-time performance analytics, vehicle journey replays, and corridor reporting.

Bus Services Act 2017
The Bus Services Act 2017 (c. 21) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provides for local transport authorities to create partnership schemes to improve bus services in their areas, and to introduce advanced ticketing schemes.
The Act also provides for mayoral combined authorities to partially re-regulate bus services by creating franchise schemes similar to the one operated by Transport for London. It, however, prohibits local authorities from reversing complete bus deregulation, which had taken place following the Transport Act 1985, by forming a company for the purpose of providing local services.
Idyll
An idyll (/ˈaɪdɪl/, UK also /ˈɪdɪl/; from Greek  εἰδύλλιον (eidullion) 'short poem'; occasionally spelled idyl in American English) is a short poem, descriptive of rustic life, written in the style of Theocritus's short pastoral poems, the Idylls (Εἰδύλλια).

Unlike Homer, Theocritus did not engage in heroes and warfare. His idylls are limited to a small intimate world, and describe scenes from everyday life. Later imitators include the Roman poets Virgil and Catullus, Italian poets Torquato Tasso, Sannazaro and Leopardi, the English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson (Idylls of the King), and Nietzsche's Idylls from Messina. Goethe called his poem Hermann and Dorothea—which Schiller considered the very climax in Goethe's production—an idyll.

Theocritus
Theocritus (/θiːˈɒkrɪtəs/; Ancient Greek: Θεόκριτος, Theokritos; Sicilian: Tiòcritu, Teocritu; born c. 300 BC, died after 260 BC) was a Greek poet from Sicily, Magna Graecia, and the creator of Ancient Greek pastoral poetry.
Pretender (horse)
Pretender (1866–1878) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. After showing promise as a two-year-old in 1868 he improved to become a top class performer in the early part of the following year. He won the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket and The Derby. Pretender was the last horse trained in the North of England to win the Derby until Dante in 1945; no other has won since. He failed to complete the Triple Crown when he was beaten in the St Leger at Doncaster. Pretender’s form subsequently deteriorated and he failed to record any significant wins despite staying in training for two more seasons. He made no impression as a stallion.

Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, is a series of horse races for Thoroughbreds, often restricted to three-year-olds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular, each having their own Triple Crown series.
Lionheart (1987 film)
Lionheart, also known as Lionheart: The Children's Crusade, is a 1987 adventure film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and produced by Talia Shire and Stanley O'Toole. Shire's brother, Francis Ford Coppola, initially planned to direct the film but instead opted to be executive producer along with Shire's husband, Jack Schwartzman. The screenplay was written by Menno Meyjes and Richard Outten from a story by Meyjes. The composer Jerry Goldsmith wrote the score. The film was released in August 1987. It was distributed by Orion Pictures.

Franklin J. Schaffner
Franklin James Schaffner (May 30, 1920 – July 2, 1989) was an American film, television, and stage director. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for Patton (1970), and is known for the films Planet of the Apes (1968), Nicholas and Alexandra (1971), Papillon (1973), and The Boys from Brazil (1978). He served as president of the Directors Guild of America between 1987 and 1989.
Port McNeill
Port McNeill is a town in the North Island region of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada on Vancouver Island's northeast shore, on Queen Charlotte Strait. Originally a base camp for loggers, it became a settlement in 1936. It was named after Captain William Henry McNeill of the Hudson's Bay Company.

William Henry McNeill
William Henry McNeill (7 July 1803 – 4 September 1875) was an American marine captain and explorer, best known for his 1830 expedition as the captain of the brig Llama (also spelled Lama), which sailed from Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 12,000 miles (19,000 km) around Cape Horn, to the Pacific Northwest on a maritime fur trade expedition.
Problem Solvers Caucus
The Problem Solvers Caucus is a group in the United States House of Representatives that has included members equally divided between Democrats and Republicans, with the Caucus' stated goal of fostering bipartisan cooperation on key policy issues. The group was created in January 2017 as an outgrowth of meetings held by political organization No Labels as early as 2014. It is co-chaired by Tom Suozzi (D-NY) and Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA) as of 2025.

Mark Pocan
Mark William Pocan (/ˈpoʊkæn/ POH-kan; born August 14, 1964) is an American politician and businessman serving as the U.S. representative from Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district since 2013. The district is based in the state capital, Madison. A member of the Democratic Party, Pocan is co-chair of the Congressional LGBT Equality Caucus and chair emeritus of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. From 1999 to 2013 he served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 78th district, succeeding Tammy Baldwin there, whom he also replaced in the House when Baldwin was elected to the U.S. Senate.
Tariffs, Blockades, and Inflation
Tariffs, Blockades, and Inflation: The Economics of the Civil War is an economics book written by Mark Thornton and Robert Ekelund. The book, written from an Austrian School viewpoint, covers the socioeconomic situations of the American Civil War.

Mark Thornton
Mark Thornton (born June 7, 1960) is an American economist of the Austrian School.  He has written on the topic of prohibition of drugs, the economics of the American Civil War, and the "Skyscraper Index". He is a Senior Fellow with the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Alabama and a Research Fellow with the Independent Institute.
The Committee (improv group)
The Committee was a San Francisco-based improvisational comedy group founded by Alan Myerson and Jessica Myerson (born as Irene Ryan and performing as Irene Riordan, later known as Latifah Taormina).  The Myersons were both alums of The Second City in Chicago.

Del Close
Del Close (March 9, 1934 – March 4, 1999) was an American actor, writer, and teacher who coached many of the best-known comedians and comic actors of the late twentieth century.  In addition to an acting career in television and film, he was one of the influences on modern improvisational theater. Close was co-founder of the ImprovOlympic (iO).
The Great Indian Kitchen
The Great Indian Kitchen is a 2021 Indian Malayalam-language comedy-drama film written and directed by Jeo Baby. The film tells the story of a newly-wed woman (Nimisha Sajayan) who struggles to be the submissive wife that her husband (Suraj Venjaramood) and his family expect her to be. The music was composed by Sooraj S. Kurup and Mathews Pulickan.

The film was released on Neestream on 15 January 2021. The film received critical acclaim and won Kerala State Film Award for Best Film, Best Screenplay award for Baby and Best Sound Designer award for Tony Babu.

The film was remade in Tamil in 2023 under the same title with Aishwarya Rajesh and Rahul Ravindran in the lead roles. A Hindi remake,  Mrs. with Sanya Malhotra and Nishant Dahiya in lead roles, was released in 2025.

Suraj Venjaramoodu
Suraj Vasudevan  (born 30 June 1976), professionally credited as Suraj Venjaramoodu, is an Indian actor, comedian, impressionist, and television presenter, who appears in Malayalam films, television and stage plays. He has acted in more than 250 films. He has won a National Film Award and four Kerala State Film Awards.

Throughout the 2000s and towards mid-2010s, he played comedic roles in numerous films and won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Comedian three times (2009, 2010, 2013). In his later career, he found success in playing character and leading roles. In 2013, Suraj won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his lead role in Perariyathavar. In 2019, he won Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for Android Kunjappan Version 5.25 and Vikruthi.
Little Saint James
Little Saint James, also nicknamed as Epstein Island, is a small private island in the United States Virgin Islands, southeast of Saint Thomas. It was owned by American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein from 1998 until his death in 2019.

The island's controversial reputation as a base for alleged sex crimes first arose in 2015, when Virginia Giuffre filed a lawsuit alleging that Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor made her have sex there, when she was 17 years old.

Ed Tuttle
Edward Burnham Tuttle Jr. (August 11, 1945 – June 21, 2020) was an American architect and interior designer best known for his works of hotel architecture. Among his most celebrated works is the Amanpuri hotel in Phuket, for which he was credited with setting a novel standard in resort design. Tuttle's design style has been described as simple, orderly and tranquil, and focusing on the comfort of a space. In 1977, he founded Design Realization in Paris, where he had been based until his death in 2020.

Tuttle and his firm kept a relatively low profile despite the considerable media recognition of his works; it was suggested that Tuttle's success as an architect may have relied on his discretion.
John M. Smith (bishop)
John Mortimer Fourette Smith (June 23, 1935 – January 22, 2019) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the ninth bishop of the Diocese of Trenton in New Jersey from 1997 to 2010. He previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee in Florida from 1991 to 1995 and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Newark in New Jersey from 1987 to 1991

Archdiocese of Newark
The Archdiocese of Newark (Latin: Archidiœcesis Novarcensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church in northeastern New Jersey in the United States.

The mother church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Newark. Cardinal Joseph Tobin has been the archbishop of Newark since 2017.
Japanese rice fish
The Japanese rice fish (Oryzias latipes), also known as the medaka, is a member of genus Oryzias (ricefish), the only genus in the subfamily Oryziinae. This small (up to about 3.6 cm or 1.4 in) native of Japan is a denizen of rice paddies, marshes, ponds, slow-moving streams and tide pools. It is euryhaline, occurring in both brackish and freshwater. It became popular as an aquarium fish because of its hardiness and  pleasant coloration: its coloration varies from creamy-white to yellowish in the wild to white, creamy-yellow, or orange in aquarium-bred individuals. Bright yellow, red or green transgenic populations, similar to GloFish, have also been developed, but are banned from sale in the EU. The medaka has been a popular pet since the 17th century in Japan. After fertilization, the female carries her eggs attached anterior to the anal fin for a period before depositing them on plants or similar things.

Ricefish
The ricefishes are a family (Adrianichthyidae) of small ray-finned fish that are found in fresh and brackish waters from India to Japan and out into the Malay Archipelago, most notably Sulawesi (where the Lake Poso and Lore Lindu species are known as buntingi). The common name ricefish derives from the fact that some species are found in rice paddies. This family consists of about 37 species in two genera (some recognize a third, Xenopoecilus). Several species are rare and threatened, and some 2–4 may already be extinct.

The fossil genus †Lithopoecilus de Beaufort, 1934 from the Miocene of Sulawesi may potentially represent a prehistoric member of the family, although it is only tentatively placed within it. It appears to be intermediate in size between Oryzias and Adrianichthys.
Leslie Peltier
Leslie Copus Peltier (January 2, 1900 – May 10, 1980) was an American amateur astronomer and discoverer of several comets and novae, including Nova Herculis 1963.  He was once described as "the world's greatest non-professional astronomer" by Harlow Shapley.

Astronomical League
The Astronomical League is an umbrella organization of amateur astronomy societies. Currently their membership consists of over 330 organizations across the United States, along with a number of Members-at-Large, Patrons, and Supporting members.

The mission of the Astronomical League is to promote the science of astronomy by (1) fostering astronomical education; (2) providing incentives for astronomical observation and research; and (3) assisting communication between amateur astronomical societies.

The Astronomical League provides a number of observing awards to members locating and describing certain specified astronomical objects or events, and produces a periodical publication, The Reflector.
Oil City Downtown Commercial Historic District
The Oil City Downtown Commercial Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Oil City, Pennsylvania
Oil City is the largest city in Venango County, Pennsylvania, United States. Known for its prominence in the initial exploration and development of the petroleum industry, it is located at a bend in the Allegheny River at the mouth of Oil Creek. The population was 9,608 at the 2020 census, and it is the principal city of the Oil City micropolitan area.

Initial settlement of Oil City was sporadic, and tied to the iron industry. After the first oil wells were drilled in 1861, it became central to the petroleum industry while hosting headquarters for the Pennzoil, Quaker State, and Wolf's Head motor oil companies. Tourism plays a prominent role in the region by promoting oil heritage sites, nature trails, and Victorian architecture.
Kozelets Raion
Kozelets Raion (Ukrainian: Козелецький район, Kozelets'kyi raion) was one of the 22 administrative raions (a district) of Chernihiv Oblast in northern Ukraine. Its administrative center was located at the urban-type settlement of Kozelets. Its population was 61,636 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five. The area of Kozelets Raion was merged into Chernihiv Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 42,282 (2020 est.)

Desna, Chernihiv Oblast
Desna (Ukrainian: Десна) is a rural settlement in Chernihiv Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Desna settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The settlement's population was 7,180 as of the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population: 7,297 (2022 estimate). It is named after the Desna River which flows through the settlement.

The settlement houses a major military training center (169th Training Centre) of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. It was hit by an airstrike by Russian forces on 17 May 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On the 25 June, the town was hit with cruise missiles, causing large amounts of damage but no casualties were reported.
Nyeri Town Constituency
Nyeri Town Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies in Nyeri County. The constituency in its current form was established for the 1988 elections, after splitting of former Nyeri Constituency into two; Tetu Constituency and Nyeri Town constituency.

Constituencies of Kenya
The constituencies of Kenya are used to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of the Kenyan Parliament. In accordance with Article 89 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya, there are 290 constituencies, based on a formula where these constituencies were to be delineated based on population numbers. Each constituency returns one Member of National Assembly. The constituencies are further divided into electoral wards.