hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arnvid Vasbotten
Arnvid Birger Liljedal Vasbotten (11 August 1903 – 17 May 1985) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. A member of Nasjonal Samling, he was Minister of the Interior in the collaborationist government of Vidkun Quisling in occupied Norway between 1944 and 1945.

Quisling regime
The Quisling regime, or Quisling government are common names used to refer to the collaborationist puppet government led by Vidkun Quisling in German-occupied Norway during the Second World War. The official name of the regime from 1 February 1942 until its dissolution in May 1945 was the National Government (Norwegian: Den nasjonale regjering). Actual executive power was retained by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen, headed by Josef Terboven.
Srđan Cvijić
Srđan Cvijić is a Serbian political scientist who is a senior policy analyst on European Union external relations. Cvijić is the Senior Policy Analyst at the Open Society Foundations in Brussels and member of the Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group. He is an expert in the area of democratisation, public and international law and human rights law. Prior to working for the Open Society, Cvijić was employed at the European Policy Centre, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe, and in the area of diplomacy for Serbia. He received his LLB from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, M.A. in International Relations and European Studies from Central European University and PhD from the Law Department of the European University Institute. He is a regular contributor to news sources, including Politico, EUobserver, the European Western Balkans as well as a commentator for Euronews, Radio Free Europe, Voice of America and others.

Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group
The Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group (abbreviation: BiEPAG) is an expert group founded in 2013 by European Fund for the Balkans and Centre for Southeast European Studies of the University of Graz. It is composed of the policy analysts, scholars, researchers from the Balkans and wider Europe who are researching political, economic and social trends in the Balkans. The goal of the Group is to support European integration of the region, and to contribute to the consolidation of the vibrant democracies, through the facilitation of evidence based policy dialogue.
BRP Andrés Bonifacio (PF-7)
BRP Andrés Bonifacio (PF-7) was a Philippine Navy frigate in commission from 1976 to 1985. She was one of six ex-United States Navy Barnegat-class small seaplane tenders/ex-United States Coast Guard Casco-class high endurance cutters received from the United States after the Vietnam War, two of which were acquired to supply spare parts for the other four. Andrés Bonifacio was considered the lead ship of her class in the Philippine Navy, and she and her three commissioned sister ships were the largest Philippine Navy combat ships of their time.

In July 2016, a newer frigate received by the Philippine navy from the US Coast Guard was also named BRP Andres Bonifacio (FF-17).

Casco-class cutter
The Casco class was a large class of United States Coast Guard cutters in commission from the late 1940s through the late 1980s. They saw service as weather reporting ships in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans until the early 1970s, and some saw combat service during the Vietnam War.
Mapple Glacier
Mapple Glacier (65°25′S 62°15′W﻿ / ﻿65.417°S 62.250°W﻿ / -65.417; -62.250) is a narrow glacier 15 nautical miles (28 km) long, flowing eastward between Arkovna Ridge and Stevrek Ridge in the Aristotle Mountains of Antarctica to enter Sexaginta Prista Bay on the east side of Graham Land. It lies 2 nautical miles (4 km) north of Melville Glacier and is separated from it by a line of small peaks. The glacier was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1961, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Father Mapple, the whalemen's Nantucket priest in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick.

Sexaginta Prista Bay
Sexaginta Prista Bay (Bulgarian: залив Сексагинта Приста, ‘Zaliv Sexaginta Prista’ \'za-liv sek-sa-'gin-ta 'pris-ta\) is the 6.5 km wide bay indenting for 4 km Oscar II Coast in Graham Land southwest of Delusion Point and northeast of Radovene Point.  It is part of Exasperation Inlet, formed as a result of the break-up of Larsen Ice Shelf in the area and the retreat of Mapple Glacier in the early 21st century.  The feature is named after the ancient Roman town of Sexaginta Prista in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Wendell Commercial Historic District
The Wendell Commercial Historic District is a national historic district encompassing the historic central business district of Wendell, North Carolina, a town in eastern Wake County. The district is notable for its intact collection of one- and two-story brick masonry commercial buildings executed in the vernacular style typical of eastern North Carolina communities in the first half of the twentieth century.  The roughly three-block district is bounded on the north by the 1906 Raleigh-Pamlico Railroad tracks, on the east by Pine Street, on the south by the rear property lines of the structures fronting Third Street, and on the west by the rear property lines of the buildings fronting Main Street.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in July 1998.

Wendell, North Carolina
Wendell (/wɛnˈdɛl/ wen-DEL) is a town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. It is a satellite town of Raleigh, the state capital. The population was 9,793 at the 2020 census and estimated at 16,845 as of July 2024.
Canmore Nordic Centre Provincial Park
Canmore Nordic Centre Provincial Park  is a provincial park in Alberta, Canada, located immediately west of Canmore, 105 km (65 mi) west of Calgary.

This provincial park is situated at the foot of Mount Rundle within the Canadian Rocky Mountains along Bow Valley and the Trans-Canada Highway, at an elevation of 1,400 m (4,600 ft), and has a surface of 4.5 km2 (1.7 sq mi). It is part of Kananaskis Country's park system.

Bow Valley
Bow Valley is a valley along the upper Bow River in Alberta, Canada.

The name "Bow" refers to the reeds that grew along its banks and which were used by the local First Nations people to make bows; the Blackfoot language name for the river is Makhabn, meaning "river where bow weeds grow".
Sissel Lange-Nielsen
Sissel Aabel Lange-Nielsen, née Herlofson (27 January 1931 – 28 September 2023) was a Norwegian writer, literary critic, and journalist.

Born in Kristiansund, she won the Riksmål Society Literature Prize in 1982. She was a member of the Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature.

She was married to barrister and judge Trygve Lange-Nielsen (1921–2014).

Riksmål Society Literature Prize
The Riksmål Society Literature Prize (Riksmålsforbundets litteraturpris) is awarded annually by the  Riksmålsforbundet for the outstanding publication in riksmål. The prize was awarded until 2002 by the Oslo and Bærum Riksmål League, when it was taken over by the Riksmålsforbundet.
Assyrian rebellion
The Assyrian rebellion (Turkish: Nasturi Ayaklanması, "Nestorian Uprising") was an uprising by the Assyrians in Hakkari which was administered by Assyrians at the time. It began in July 1924 and ended on 28 September that same year. This was the first rebellion in the newly formed Republic of Turkey. After the rebellion ended, 8,000 Assyrians were deported into Mandatory Iraq.

(Another rebellion by the Assyrian community had taken place in 3–4 September 1924.)

Hakkari (historical region)
Hakkari (Kurdish: حەکاری, Syriac: ܚܟܪܝ Ḥakkāri, or ܗܟܪܝ Hakkāri), was a historical mountainous region lying to the south of Lake Van, encompassing parts of the modern provinces of Hakkâri, Şırnak, Van in Turkey and Dohuk in Iraq. During the late Ottoman Empire it was a sanjak within the old Vilayet of Van.
Tetracyclic antidepressant
Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) are a class of antidepressants that were first introduced in the 1970s. They are named after their tetracyclic chemical structure, containing four rings of atoms, and are closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which contain three rings of atoms.

Tetracyclic
Tetracyclics are cyclic chemical compounds that contain four fused rings of atoms, for example, Tröger's base.

Some tricyclic compounds having three fused and one tethered ring (connected to main nucleus by a single bond) can also classified as tetracyclic, for example, ciclazindol.

Tetracyclic compounds have various pharmaceutical uses, such as:

tetracycline antibiotics
Doxycycline
Tigecycline
Omadacycline
Eravacycline

tetracyclic antidepressants
Benzoctamine
Loxapine
Mazindol
Mianserin
Mirtazapine
Per Collinder
Per Collinder (22 May 1890  – 6 December 1975) was a Swedish astronomer.

Born at Sundsvall, he is known for a catalog of open clusters that he published in 1931, which is today known as the Collinder catalogue. He wrote the books History of navigation and Worlds in Orbit.

He was married twice, and his first wife gave him four children. Collinder died at Uppsala.

Collinder catalogue
The Collinder catalogue is a catalogue of 471 open clusters compiled by Swedish astronomer Per Collinder. It was published in 1931 as an appendix to Collinder's paper On structural properties of open galactic clusters and their spatial distribution.

The catalogue contains 452 open clusters, 11 globular clusters, 6 asterisms, 1 stellar moving group, and 1 stellar association. Catalogue objects are denoted by Collinder, e.g. "Collinder 399". Dated prefixes include as Col + catalogue number, or Cr + catalogue number, e.g. "Cr 399".
Lalli
Lalli (Finnish: [ˈlɑlːi]) is an apocryphal character from Finnish history. According to a legend, he killed Bishop Henry, who was spreading Christianity to then pagan Finland, on the ice of lake Köyliönjärvi on January 20, 1156 (1156-01-20).

Nousiainen
Nousiainen (Finnish: [ˈnou̯siˌɑi̯nen]; Swedish: Nousis) is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Southwest Finland region, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Turku along Highway 8 (E8). The Finnish-speaking municipality has a population of 4,676
(31 March 2025) and covers an area of 199.55 square kilometres (77.05 sq mi) of
which 0.62 km2 (0.24 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
23.51 inhabitants per square kilometre (60.9/sq mi).

There are two Natura 2000 sites in Nousiainen: the Kurjenrahka National Park and the Rehtisuo Raised Bog.
Duvernay, Alberta
Duvernay  is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within the County of Two Hills No. 21. It is located 1.6 km (1.0 mi) north of the intersection of Highway 36 and Highway 29 along the south bank of the North Saskatchewan River, approximately 53 km (33 mi) southwest of St. Paul.  The hamlet of Brosseau is located immediately across the river along the north bank.

The hamlet has the name of Ludger Duvernay. The Duvernay Formation, a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin was named for the hamlet.

Duvernay Formation
The Duvernay Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Frasnian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It was first described in well Anglo Canadian Beaverhill Lake No. 2 in LSD 11-11-50-17W4M by Imperial Oil staff in 1950. The formation was named by Andrichuk and Wonfor in 1954 for the type section in Duvernay, Alberta.

According to Canada's Alberta Energy Regulator, the Duvernay Formation "holds an estimated 443 trillion cubic feet of gas and 61.7 billion barrels of oil (Penny China Institute 2012-12)." Calgary-based, Athabasca Oil Corporation (formerly Athabasca Oil Sands Corporation), holds 640,000 acres, the largest publicly disclosed Duvernay rights.
Georgia's 25th Senate district
District 25 of the Georgia Senate is located in Middle Georgia and parts of southeastern Metro Atlanta and the Macon metropolitan area.  It also includes the former state capital of Milledgeville.

The district includes all of Baldwin, Butts, southern Henry, Jasper, Jones, northern Macon-Bibb, and Putnam counties.  In Henry County, the district includes much of the Locust Grove area.  In Macon, it includes the Heritage Acres and Wimbish Woods neighborhoods.

The current senator is Rick Williams, a Republican from Milledgeville first elected in 2022.

Butts County, Georgia
Butts County is a county in the West Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,434, up from 23,655 in 2010. The county seat is Jackson. The county was created on December 24, 1825.

Butts County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA. In 2010, the center of population of Georgia was located in the northeastern portion of the county.
The Rose of Stamboul (operetta)
The Rose of Stamboul (original German: Die Rose von Stambul) is a 1916 operetta in three acts by Austrian composer Leo Fall with a libretto by Julius Brammer and Alfred Grünwald. The work premiered on 2 December 1916 at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna.

The story centers around Achmed Bey, a young Turkish man who wishes to reform Turkish society. Not wanting to embarrass his politician father, Bey publishes his reform plans in French under the pseudonym "André Léry". The book becomes a bestseller among Turkish women. Later, a marriage is arranged between Achmed Bey and Kondja Gül. On their wedding night, however, Gül confesses to her husband that she can never love him, as she has fallen in love with the author André Léry.

The 1919 silent film The Rose of Stamboul by German film makers Felix Basch and Arthur Wellin was based on the operetta. In 1953 the operetta was adapted into a musical film, also called The Rose of Stamboul, by West German film maker Karl Anton.

Alfred Grünwald (librettist)
Alfred Grünwald (1884–1951) was an Austrian author, librettist, and lyricist. Some of his better-known works were written in conjunction with the composers Franz Lehár, Emmerich Kálmán, Oscar Straus, Paul Abraham, and Robert Stolz.
Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge
Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. state of Vermont located on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain and the southern side of Missisquoi Bay. The refuge is in Franklin County in the northwest corner of the state near the International Boundary with Canada.

The refuge was established on February 4, 1943, under the authority of the Migratory Bird Conservation Act. The initial acquisition was 1,582 acres (6.4 km2) of land in the Missisquoi River delta, including Shad Island and Big Marsh Slough. Additional land is acquired from willing sellers. The refuge's current size is 7,232 acres (27 km2). It was designated a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance in 2013. It is the only National Wildlife Refuge located entirely in Vermont and is administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It is located in the towns of Swanton and Highgate with satellite units in Derby, Vermont and Westville, New York.

Missisquoi Bay
Missisquoi Bay is a large extension in the northern part of Lake Champlain, at the East of the output of the latter in Richelieu River. It takes the form of a violin head, with the neck extending from the head of the lake and is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in diameter. The bay is divided between Quebec in Canada and Vermont in the United States. The main town on its banks is Venise-en-Québec, a major summer resort. The river of the same name flows into the bay and the Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge is located on the American side.
Humlebæk
Humlebæk is a town within the municipality of Fredensborg in North Zealand in Denmark, approximately 35 km north of Copenhagen. Humlebæk is located at the shore to Øresund and has a population of 9,742 (2025).

The Louisiana Museum of Modern Art is located in Humlebæk.

North Zealand
North Zealand, also North Sealand (Danish: Nordsjælland), refers to the northeastern part of the Danish island of Zealand. The area has three royal castles and offers resorts with beaches, as well as lakes and forests. In addition to Kronborg Castle, three of the North Zealand forest areas used for royal par force hunting are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Danish tourist authorities have recently introduced the term Danish Riviera to cover the area in view of its increasing importance for tourism.
Walden's Puddle
Walden's Puddle is a wildlife rehabilitation and education center located in Joelton, Tennessee, a suburb just outside Nashville.

It provides care and treatment to sick, injured and orphaned native Tennessee wildlife and is the only professionally staffed wildlife rehabilitation and education facility in Middle Tennessee. They do not charge for services.

Joelton, Tennessee
Joelton is a neighborhood of Nashville in Davidson County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Joelton is governed by the Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County, because the government of Davidson County is consolidated with that of Nashville. Joelton's zip code also includes a portion in Cheatham County. In 2025, Joelton's zip code population was estimated at 7,429.
Low Energy Antiproton Ring
The Low Energy Anti-Proton Ring (LEAR) was a particle accelerator at CERN which operated from 1982 until 1996. The ring was designed to decelerate and store antiprotons, to study the properties of antimatter and to create atoms of antihydrogen. Antiprotons for the ring were created by the CERN Proton Synchrotron via the Antiproton Collector and the Antiproton Accumulator (AA). The creation of at least nine atoms of antihydrogen were confirmed by the PS210 experiment in 1995.

Antihydrogen
Antihydrogen (H) is the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. Whereas the common hydrogen atom is composed of an electron and proton, the antihydrogen atom is made up of a positron and antiproton. Scientists hope that studying antihydrogen may shed light on the question of why there is more matter than antimatter in the observable universe, known as the baryon asymmetry problem. Antihydrogen is produced artificially in particle accelerators.
Tosa d'Alp
Tosa d'Alp or La Tosa is a 2,537-metre-high (8,323 ft) mountain in Baixa Cerdanya in the Spanish Pyrenees. 
The Coll de Pal is a mountain pass that separates its eastern part from the Puigllançada. This mountain forms a quadripoint where the Alp, Urús, Das and Bagà municipal limits meet.
There is a triangulation station (282081001) at the summit.

Part of its slopes are home to the ski resort of Masella which is part of Alp 2500.

Alp, Catalonia
Alp (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈalp]) is a town and municipality in the comarca of Cerdanya, Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 1,728 (register office, 2024) .

Alp is home to the ski resort of La Molina.
Frank Ravele
Chief Frank Ndwakhulu Ravele (1926–1999) was the second president of the bantustan of Venda, which was granted nominal independence from South Africa on 13 September 1979.

Ravele became president on 17 April 1988, after the death of Chief Patrick Mphephu, the first president of Venda; he served in acting capacity until 10 May. Previously, Ravele served in the cabinet as finance minister. When violent strikes and riots broke out in early 1990, he was overthrown on 5 April in a bloodless coup by General Gabriel Ramushwana, then chief of staff of the Venda Defence Force.

1990 Venda coup d'état
The 1990 Venda coup d'état was a bloodless military coup in Venda, an unrecognised state and a nominally independent South African homeland for the Venda people, which took place on 5 April 1990. The coup was led by the then 48-year-old Colonel Gabriel Ramushwana, the Chief of Staff of the Venda Defence Force, against the government of President Frank Ravele (NPV).

Ramushwana's military government stayed in power until January 1994, several months before the reunification of Venda with South Africa after the first post-apartheid general election.
Black Point (Linn, Wisconsin)
Black Point is an estate on the south shore of Geneva Lake in Linn, Wisconsin, United States, near the city of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin that was built in 1888 as a summer home by Conrad Seipp, a beer tycoon from Chicago.  It has also been known as Conrad and Catherine Seipp Summer House and as Die Loreley

Lake Geneva, Wisconsin
Lake Geneva is a city in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. Situated on Geneva Lake, the population was 8,277 at the 2020 census. It is located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Milwaukee and 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Chicago.

Given its relative proximity to the Chicago and Milwaukee metropolitan areas, Lake Geneva has become a popular resort town that thrives on tourism. Since the late 19th century, it has been home to numerous lakefront mansions owned by wealthy Chicagoans as second homes, leading it to be nicknamed the "Newport of the West."
Atech Grand Prix
Atech Grand Prix was a British motor racing team.

It was formed in 2007 as Hitech Junior Team by David Hayle, who had sold his successful British Formula 3 team Hitech Racing to Austrian businessman Walter Grubmuller, Sr.

It was renamed Atech Grand Prix at the end of 2009.

The team ran Nick Yelloly, Marlon Stockinger and Tamás Pál Kiss in the 2010 Formula Renault UK Championship, with Pál Kiss challenging for the title until the final round.

2011 saw them run under the Atech Reid GP banner in the 2011 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Championship, after a new collaboration with Reid Motorsport. Former British Formula Ford Championship driver Tio Ellinas raced for them.

In 2013, they were purchased by Bamboo Engineering.

Tio Ellinas
Eftihios "Tio" Ellinas (born 27 January 1992 in Larnaca, Cyprus) is a Cypriot race car driver. Ellinas began racing go-karts at the age of seven, and from 2003 - 2009 won 10 kart racing championships in Cyprus, in 2005 winning the ROK Cup International Final. He was the winner of Grand Prix Shootout in the UK in 2009 competing against 50 other top young drivers from all over the world.

In 2010, he competed in the MSA Dunlop Formula Ford Championship of Great Britain racing with the JTR Team. He won three races and finished fourth in the championship, the highest placing for a novice driver since Jenson Button in 1998, earning him "Rookie Of The Year" honors.

In 2011, Ellinas raced in the UK Formula Renault 2.0 championship for the Atech Reid GP Team, finishing third overall. He joined Marussia Manor Racing for the 2012 GP3 Series season.

In 2013, he tested for the Marussia F1 Team.
Ittireddu
Ittireddu (Sardinian: Itireddu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Sassari.

Ittireddu borders the following municipalities: Bonorva, Mores, Nughedu San Nicolò, Ozieri.

Sights include the church of Santa Croce, an example of Byzantine-Romanesque architecture (9th-13th centuries).

Metropolitan City of Sassari
The Metropolitan City of Sassari is a metropolitan city in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. Its capital is Sassari, the second-largest city in Sardinia. The province was carved out from the former province of Sassari on April 16, 2021 and became functional on April 1, 2025. It has 312,735 inhabitants across its 66 municipalities.
Shepton, Plano, Texas
Shepton is an area within Plano, Texas, United States that was formerly a distinct community.

Shepton was founded circa 1890, when Joseph W. Shepard opened a general store ten miles southwest of McKinney, with the town deriving its name from Shepard's. From 1894 to 1903, Shepton had a post office, but most residents migrated over the years to nearby Plano, also in southwestern Collin County, with the growing Plano absorbing the area of the former community by the 1980s.

Shepton High School is named after the town of Shepton.

Collin County, Texas
Collin County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Texas. It is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan statistical area, and a small portion of the city of Dallas is in the county. At the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,064,465, making it Texas's sixth-most populous county and the 43rd-largest county by population in the United States. Its county seat is McKinney.