hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uniform Firearms Act
The Uniform Firearms Act (UFA) is a set of statutes in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania that defines the limits of Section 21 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, the right to bear arms, which predates the United States Constitution and reads: "The right of the citizens to bear arms in defense of themselves and the State shall not be questioned."  The laws range in scope from use of force in self-defense situations, to specific categories of citizens that are ineligible to purchase or possess firearms.

UFA for Pennsylvania is generally a more libertarian interpretation of the right to keep and bear arms, in that it does not prohibit the sale and transfer of Class III NFA firearms, contains no duty for a citizen lawfully carrying a weapon to notify law enforcement, and mandates shall-issue licenses to carry firearms to eligible citizens.

National Firearms Act
The National Firearms Act (NFA), 73rd Congress, Sess. 2, ch. 757, 48 Stat. 1236 was enacted on June 26, 1934, and currently codified and amended as I.R.C. ch. 53. The law is an Act of Congress in the United States that, in general, imposes an excise tax on the manufacture and transfer of certain firearms and mandates the registration of those firearms. The NFA is also referred to as Title II of the federal firearms laws, with the Gun Control Act of 1968 ("GCA") as Title I.

All transfers of ownership of registered NFA firearms must be done through the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record (the "NFA registry"). The NFA also requires that the permanent transport of NFA firearms across state lines by the owner must be reported to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Temporary transports of some items, most notably suppressors (also referred to as silencers), do not need to be reported.
Cedar Springs Public Schools
Cedar Springs Public Schools is a public school district in Kent County, Michigan. It serves Cedar Springs and parts of the following townships: Algoma, Courtland, Nelson, Oakfield, Solon, and Spencer. It also serves a small part of Ensley Township in Newaygo County.

Except for the middle school, the district's schools share a campus in the town of Cedar Springs.

Spencer Township, Michigan
Spencer Township is a civil township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,163 at the 2020 census.

It is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is located in northeast Kent County about 25 miles (40 km) northeast of the city of Grand Rapids.
Wood Pigeon (film)
Wood Pigeon (Persian title: Toghi - Persian: طوقی)  is a 1970 Iranian drama film directed by Ali Hatami and starring Behrouz Vossoughi, Afarin Obeysi, Naser Malek Motiee, Zhaleh Olov, Hamideh Kheirabadi and Bahman Mofid.

Ali Hatami
Ali Hatami (Persian: علی حاتمی; 14 August 1944 – 7 December 1996) was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, art director, and costume designer. The Tehran Times dubbed him "the Hafez of Iranian cinema due to the poetic ambiance of his movies."
Minnechaug Regional High School
Minnechaug Regional High School (MRHS) is a public high school located in Wilbraham, Massachusetts, United States, and has a student population of approximately 1,200. It is the only high school in the Hampden-Wilbraham Regional School District. It serves the towns of Hampden, and Wilbraham. The current principal is Stephen Hale. The school's official colors are green and white. Its school mascot is the Falcons. The district opened the current building in 2013.

Hampden, Massachusetts
Hampden /ˈhæmdən/ is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 4,966 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The namesake of Hampden is John Hampden, an English patriot.
High Integrity C++
High Integrity C++ (HIC++ or formerly HICPP) is a software coding standard for the C++ programming language developed by Programming Research Limited, now part of Perforce Software. HIC++ was first published in October 2003. The latest revision, version 4.0, was released in October 2013 and documents 155 rules that restrict the use of ISO C++ language to improve software maintenance and reliability in high reliability or safety critical applications.

The Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ coding standard reference list includes High Integrity C++ .

Programming Research Limited
Programming Research Limited (PRQA) was a United Kingdom-based developer of code quality management software for embedded software, which included the static program analysis tools QA·C and QA·C++, now known as Helix QAC. It created the High Integrity C++ software coding standard.  In May 2018, the company was acquired by Minneapolis, MN–based Perforce, and its products were renamed.
Shtormove gas field
The Shtormove gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 1974 and developed by Chornomornaftogaz. It started commercial production in 1983.  The total proven reserves of the Shtormove gas field are around 583 billion cubic feet (16.5×10^9 m3), and production is slated to be around 40 million cubic feet per day (1.1×10^6 m3/d) in 2015.

Russia seized the field from Ukraine when it took over Crimea in 2014. The Russian jack-up rig, Tavrida, was subsequently attacked and taken by Ukrainian forces in 2022.

Chornomornaftogaz
Chornomornaftogaz (Ukrainian: Чорноморнафтогаз, lit. "Black Sea oil and gas") is a Ukrainian oil and gas company with natural gas fields in the Black Sea.

The company was established in Ukrainian Simferopol, Crimea with the order of the Ministry of Gas Industry of the USSR on 20 October 1978 №209-org to develop oil and gas resources in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

It is legally a subsidiary of Ukraine's state-owned oil and gas company Naftogaz. However, after the 2014 Crimean crisis part of its property was seized by the region's parliament in the run-up to its annexation by Russia. There was also a privately owned oil company Chernomorneftegaz, registered in Moscow in 1998 and purchased by Rosneft in 2011, which is not linked to Chornomornaftogaz. In September 2023 the Ukrainian forces had re-taken the Boyko towers in the Black Sea, that belong to the Ukrainian company.
Karuizawa, Nagano
Karuizawa (軽井沢町, Karuizawa-machi) is a resort town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2025, the town had an estimated population of 21,834 in 11,285 households, and a population density of 139 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 156.03 km2 (60.24 sq mi).

Originally, there was a stage station (shukuba) called Karuisawa-shuku on the Nakasendō. The Shin'etsu Line opened in 1888 and the town became popular as a Western-style hill station around that time.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
Teatro Duse
The Teatro Duse is one of the oldest extant theaters in the city of Bologna, Italy. Located in the Palazzo del Giglio, the theatre's address is at 42 Via Cartoleria, 40124. Built by the engineer Antonio Brunetti, it opened as the Teatro Brunetti in 1822. In 1898 it was re-named for the actress Eleonora Duse. While more frequently used as a venue for plays during its history, the theatre has also presented other types of performance such as operas and concerts. The opera composer Guglielmo Zuelli conducted operas at the theatre in the mid to late 1880s.  In the 1890s the conductor Antonino Palminteri was active as a resident opera conductor at the theatre. Gialdino Gialdini's opera I due soci premiered at the theatre on 24 February 1892.

Gialdino Gialdini
Gialdino Gialdini (10 November 1842 – 6 March 1919) was an Italian composer and orchestra conductor.

Gialdini was born in Pescia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and studied at Florence with Teodulo Mabellini. He won a prize offered by the Pergola Theatre of that city for the best opera, with Rosmunda, which met, however, with an unfavourable reception when produced in 1868. After two more operas he tired of composing operas and started conducting opera productions, to international acclaim. In 1889 he conducted Wagner's Lohengrin at Bologna. Later he returned to composing operas. In September 1904 he became the Artistic Director of the Conservatorio Giuseppe Verdi in the then Austrian city of Trieste but had to abandon the post when Italy entered the war against Austria in May 1915. He then returned to his native Pescia for retirement, and died there aged 76.
Ave (intermunicipal community)
The Comunidade Intermunicipal do Ave (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈavɨ]) is an administrative division in Portugal. It was created in 2009. It takes its name from the Ave River. The seat of the intermunicipal community is Guimarães. Ave comprises parts of the former districts of Braga and Vila Real. The population in 2011 was 425,411, in an area of 1,451.31 km².

Ave is also a NUTS3 subregion of the Norte Region. Since January 2015, the NUTS 3 subregion covers the same area as the intermunicipal community.

Ave is bordered to the north by Cávado, to the east by Alto Tâmega, to the southeast by Douro, to the south by Tâmega e Sousa and the southwest by the Metropolitan Area of Porto. It is a densely populated area and one of the more industrialized in the country. The main industries are the textile industry, clothing and apparel. Part of the historical region of Minho, it is centered on the historic city of Guimarães (the birthplace of Portuguese nationalism).

Porto metropolitan area
The Porto Metropolitan Area (Portuguese: Área Metropolitana do Porto; abbreviated as AMP) is a metropolitan area in northern Portugal centered on the City of Porto, Portugal's second largest city. The metropolitan area, covering 17 municipalities, is the second largest urban area in the country and one of the largest in the European Union, with a population in 2024 of 1,818,217 in an area of 2,040.31 km².

The Porto Metropolitan Area is a major economic engine in Portugal, with a very high HDI (Human Development Index) and a GDP above the European average. Porto has been Portugal's largest manufacturing region since the Industrial Revolution and is home to many of the country's largest corporations.

It is chaired by Pedro Duarte (PSD).
The Rich Are Always with Us
The Rich Are Always with Us is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic comedy-drama film directed by Alfred E. Green and starring Ruth Chatterton, George Brent, and Bette Davis. The screenplay by Austin Parker is based on the novel of the same name by Ethel Pettit.

George Brent
George Brent (born George Brendan Nolan; 15 March 1904 – 26 May 1979) was an Irish-American stage, film, and television actor. He is best remembered for the eleven films he made with Bette Davis, which included Jezebel and Dark Victory.
Lee City, Kentucky
Lee City is an unincorporated community in Wolfe County, Kentucky, United States. It lies along Route 205 east of the city of Campton, the county seat of Wolfe County. Its elevation is 958 feet (292 m).

Kentucky Route 205
Kentucky Route 205 (KY 205) is a 29-mile-long (47 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The highway connects mostly rural areas of Breathitt, Wolfe, and Morgan counties with Jackson, Vancleve, and Helechawa.
Richard II (The Hollow Crown)
"Richard II" is first episode of the first series of the British television series The Hollow Crown, based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. "Richard II" was directed by Rupert Goold, who adapted the screenplay with Ben Power. Ben Whishaw stars as the titular Richard II of England. It was first broadcast on 30 June 2012 on BBC Two.

Whishaw's performance earned him the 2013 British Academy Television Award (BAFTA) for Leading Actor. The program was also nominated for the Best Single Drama award.

Rupert Goold
Rupert Goold CBE (born 18 February 1972) is an English director who works primarily in theatre. He is the artistic director of the Almeida Theatre, and was the artistic director of Headlong Theatre Company (2005–2013). Since 2010, Goold has been an associate director at the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2017 for services to drama.

Goold is known for his extensive work in theatre. For his work in the West End he won two Laurence Olivier Awards for Best Director for Macbeth (2008) and Enron (2010). He was Olivier-nominated for King Charles III (2015), Ink (2018), and Dear England (2024). He received Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play nominations for King Charles III (2016) and Ink (2019). He made his directorial film debut with True Story (2015).
Frederik Engel Jeltsema
Frederick Engel (Fre) Jeltsema (Uithuizen, 4 October 1879 - The Hague, 16 February 1971) was a Dutch painter and sculptor.

Because of a medical uncertainty at birth, Jeltsema was registered as a girl in the municipality's population registry. This was administratively corrected in 1906.

In 1892–1896 Jeltsema followed a course at the Minerva Academy in Groningen. He then followed an initial training for drawing teacher, but opted for training as a sculptor at the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten in Amsterdam (1899–1902). In 1902 he won the Dutch Prix de Rome.

Uithuizen
Uithuizen (Dutch pronunciation: [œytˈɦœyzə(n)]) is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland. It had a population of 4,885 in January 2017.

The Uithuizen railway station is located on the Sauwerd–Roodeschool railway.
Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write, and illiteracy is the inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of literacy as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was understood solely as alphabetical literacy (understanding the meanings of words without necessarily being able to use words); and the period after 1950, when literacy slowly began to be considered as a wider concept and process, including the social and cultural aspects of reading, writing, and functional literacy.

Literacy is essential in everyday life, as it enables individuals  to navigate the world easily and pursue the life they want. Its benefits goes beyond reading and writing; literacy is a key component to academic success and contributes significantly to confidence and self-esteem.

Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 24 countries of cognitive and workplace skills. The main aim is to be able to assess the skills of literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich
environments, and use the collected information to help countries develop ways to further improve these skills. The focus is on the working-age population (between the ages of 16 and 65). The first data was released on October 8, 2013. 
A first round of the Second Cycle of survey took place in 2022-2023 with results to be released on 10 December 2024.
Ataxia (album)
Ataxia is the sixth studio album released by the American alternative/psychedelic rock band Circus Devils on October 31, 2008.  All songs on Ataxia were written and performed by Robert Pollard, Todd Tobias, and Tim Tobias.

Robert Pollard
Robert Ellsworth Pollard Jr. (born October 31, 1957) is an American singer and songwriter. He is the frontman and leader of indie rock band Guided by Voices, of which he is also the only constant member. He has also released 22 solo albums.

He has nearly 3,000 songs registered to his name with BMI. In 2006, Paste magazine listed him as the 78th-greatest living songwriter. In 2007, he was nominated for the Shortlist Music Prize.
Gerald Drayson Adams
Gerald Drayson Adams (June 25, 1900 – August 23, 1988) was a Canadian-born American business executive and literary agent when he began writing for films in the 1940s.  The Oxford University-educated Adams specialized in action/adventure and western films.  His films include Dead Reckoning (1947) starring Humphrey Bogart, The Big Steal (1949), Armored Car Robbery (1950), His Kind of Woman (1951, uncredited), The Black Sleep (1956), and Kissin' Cousins (1964), starring Elvis Presley, for which he received a WGA award nomination. Adams also wrote for television series, including the pivotal episodes "Hostage" with James Garner and Jack Kelly and "Stampede" with Efrem Zimbalist Jr. for Maverick (1957) as well as "The Savage Hills" with Diane Brewster for the same series.

The Big Steal
The Big Steal is a 1949 American black-and-white film noir starring Out of the Past stars Robert Mitchum and Jane Greer. The film was directed by Don Siegel, based on the short story "The Road to Carmichael's" by Richard Wormser.
Netherton, West Midlands
Netherton is a town of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, 2 miles (3 km) south of Dudley in the West Midlands of England. It was historically part of Worcestershire. The town is part of the Black Country, Netherton is bounded by nature reserves to the east and west, and an industrial area and the Dudley Southern By-Pass to the north.

Black Country
The Black Country is a loosely defined area of England's West Midlands. It is mainly urban, covering most of the Dudley and Sandwell metropolitan boroughs, with the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall and the City of Wolverhampton. The 14-mile (23 km) road between Wolverhampton and Birmingham was described as "one continuous town" in 1785.

The area was one of the Industrial Revolution's birthplaces. Its name was first recorded in the 1840s, and derives either from the 30 foot (9.1 m) thick coal seam close to the surface or the production of coal, coke, iron, glass, bricks and steel which produced high levels of soot and air pollution.
Roswell Eaton Goodell
Roswell Eaton Goodell (October 21, 1825 – October 9, 1903) was an American politician and businessman who served in several political positions.

Among the government positions Goodell held was Sheriff of LaSalle County, Illinois, Secretary of the Illinois Senate, Secretary of the Illinois Canal Commission, Chicago City Marshall, and Postmaster of Leadville, Colorado. He was also a commissioner of the World's Columbian Exposition.

In the private sector, positions he held included superintendent of the Chicago and Alton Railroad, president of the Fourth National Bank of Chicago, and president of the Denver Stock Exchange.

Goodell was the son-in-law of a Governor of Illinois, Joel Aldrich Matteson, and the father-in-law of a Governor of Colorado, James Benton Grant.

Pomfret, Connecticut
Pomfret is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, with a population of 4,266 according to the 2020 United States Census. The town is part of the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region. It was incorporated in 1713 and was named after Pontefract in West Yorkshire, England. The land was purchased from local Indians in 1686 in a deal known as the "Mashmuket Purchase" or "Mashamoquet Purchase".
Abraliopsis atlantica
Abraliopsis atlantica is a species of enoploteuthid cephalopod found in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Benguela Current. Female oocytes are around 1 mm in length and number between 4,000 and 29,000 in mature females. There is a lack of information about the species and it is rated as data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to this. It was described by Kir Nesis in 1982.

Enoploteuthidae
Enoploteuthidae is a family of squid comprising approximately 40 species in four genera. Most species have a mantle length ranging from 3–13 cm (1.2–5.1 in). Hooks are present on all arms and tentacles. The family is best known for the large array of photophores throughout the body.
Sports school
A sports school (Russian: Детско-Юношеская Спортивная Школа, ДЮСШ) is a type of educational institution for children that originated in the Soviet Union. Sports schools were the basis of the powerful system of physical culture (fitness) and sports education in the USSR and the Eastern Bloc, particularly East Germany. The main features of this system remain in the system of sports education in Russia and other post-Soviet states, and also became the basis of similar systems in other countries, one of the most powerful ones at the present time being that of the People's Republic of China. Many legendary athletes, such as Nikolai Andrianov, Nellie Kim, Alexander Popov, Viktor Krovopuskov, Vladislav Tretiak, Valeri Kharlamov, Katarina Witt, Anatoly Alyabyev and Sergey Bubka started their path to Olympic success from Soviet sports schools. They are also found in Asia, in countries such as Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.

Vladislav Tretiak
Vladislav Aleksandrovich Tretiak MP MSM (Russian: Владислав Александрович Третьяк, IPA: [trʲɪˈtʲjak]; born 25 April 1952) is a Russian former goaltender for the Soviet Union national ice hockey team. He was inducted into the inaugural class of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Hall of Fame in 1997. Considered to be one of the greatest goaltenders in the history of the sport, he was voted one of six players to the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team in a poll conducted by a group of 56 experts from 16 countries. Tretiak is the current president of the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia and was the general manager of the Russian 2010 Winter Olympic team.
L'Anse Amour
L'Anse Amour (/ˈlænsəmɔːr/) (Cove of Love), romanticized version of Anse aux Morts (Cove of the Dead),  is a hamlet located on the north shore  of the Strait of Belle Isle, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

As of 2006, it had a population of 8. The population of the village has not been officially counted since, though the total population of Subdivision 10A, which includes L'Anse Amour was 55 in 2021 (down from 61 in 2016). L'Anse Amour is located on Trans-Labrador Highway (Route 510).

HMS Raleigh (1919)
HMS Raleigh was one of five Hawkins-class heavy cruisers built for the Royal Navy during the First World War, although the ship was not completed until 1921. She was assigned to the North America and West Indies Station when she commissioned and often served as a flagship. After visiting ports in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and both coasts of the United States and Canada in 1921–1922, Raleigh ran aground off Labrador in August 1922 with the loss of a dozen crewmen. The ship was partially salvaged in place and was demolished with explosives in 1926, although she remains a diveable wreck in very shallow water.