hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karnali Zone
Karnali Zone (Nepali: खसान अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal. The headquarters of Karnali Zone was Jumla.

Karnali Zone was one of the poorest and most remote regions of Nepal, not very accessible by road yet. There are airfields in all districts except Kalikot which is connected seasonally by roadways to Jumla Airport.

Karnali Zone was the largest zone of Nepal, with two national parks.  Shey Phoksundo National Park Shey Phoksundo (with Phoksundo Lake—the deepest lake of Nepal), famous for the snow leopard, is Nepal's largest park with an area of 3,555 km2.  Rara National Park  surrounds Rara Lake—at 10.2 km2, Nepal's largest lake—known as the "Pearl of Nepal".

Jumla District
Jumla District (Nepali: जुम्ला जिल्लाListenⓘ), is one of the ten districts of the Karnali province and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. This district has Jumla in the municipality of Chandannath as its headquarters, an area of 2,531 square kilometres (977 mi2). In 2021 the district had 118,349 inhabitants. Its territory lies between longitudes 81⁰ 28' and 82⁰ 18' East, and between latitudes 28⁰ 58' and 29⁰ 30' North.

The Nepali language (then known as Khas language) originated in the Sinja Valley. Sinja was the capital of Khas Kingdom, and the dialect called "Khas Bhasa" is still spoken among that region's people.
Yulhyeon Tunnel
The Yulhyeon Tunnel (Korean: 율현터널) is a railway tunnel in South Korea, which opened in 9 December 2016, and is currently the world's fourth longest railway tunnel at 50.3 kilometres (31.3 mi). The tunnel, which consists of a double-track tube, is part of the 61.1-kilometre (38.0 mi) Suseo–Pyeongtaek high-speed railway and GTX-A that connects Suseo station in the southeastern part of Seoul with the Gyeongbu high-speed railway. The threading into the older high-speed line is in the south of the city of Pyeongtaek. The tunnel itself takes up about 82% of the total new line. The Yulhyeon Tunnel was built using the New Austrian tunnelling method (NATM) and is designed for a maximum speed of 300 km/h (186 mph). The average cruising speed is about 240 km/h (149 mph) due to the intermediate stop at Dongtan Station in the southern part of the tunnel.

Dongtan station
Dongtan station (Korean: 동탄역; Hanja: 東灘驛; RR: Dongtang-yeok) is a station on the Suseo high-speed railway, SRT, and GTX-A. The latter began to operate in December 9, 2016. This station is in the Yulhyeon Tunnel.
North and West London Light Railway
The North and West London Light Railway (NWLLR), formerly known as the Brent Cross Railway, is a proposal for a light rail system in North and West London in the UK. It was put forward by the London group of the Campaign for Better Transport and by the Coalition for a Sustainable Brent Cross Cricklewood.

The proposal, published in 2008, envisaged a rapid transit network using existing or abandoned railway corridors and would have been similar to the Docklands Light Railway (DLR). It was promoted in the context of the Brent Cross Shopping Centre expansion project, a major urban planning scheme that involves the redevelopment of Brent Cross and northern Cricklewood. The stated aim was to alleviate anticipated traffic problems when this development goes ahead.

The NWLLR has not been approved or funded.

Dudding Hill line
The Dudding Hill Line (or Dudding Hill Loop) is a railway line in west and north-west London running from Acton to Cricklewood. It is roughly 4 miles (6.4 km) long, with a 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) speed limit, and semaphore signalling. The line has no scheduled passenger service, no stations, and is not electrified. It is lightly used by freight trains and, very occasionally, passenger charter trains.
Dongdae Mountains
The Dongdae Mountains (Korean: 동대산맥) are a small outlying range of the Taebaek Mountains. They run along the east coast of South Korea through the cities of Pohang, Gyeongju, and Ulsan. Notable peaks include Toham Mountain in Gyeongju National Park, as well as Dongdae Mountain itself in Ulsan. The Dongdae Mountains separate the Hyeongsan River basin from the belt of small streams flowing directly into the Sea of Japan (East Sea).

Tohamsan
Tohamsan (Korean: 토함산; lit. Toham Mountain) is a mountain with a height of 745 m (2,444 ft) in Gyeongju in southeastern South Korea. It is part of the minor Dongdae Mountains range. The mountain lies within Gyeongju National Park and is the site of a large number of historic relics. The Silla-era Buddhist shrines of Bulguksa and Seokguram are on its slopes. The mountain stands at the intersection of three subdivisions of Gyeongju: Bulguk-dong, Bodeok-dong, and Yangbuk-myeon. The Sea of Japan can be seen from the peak, as can Gyeongju Basin, which includes the city center.

During the Silla period, Toham mountain was referred to as Dongak (東嶽), literally meaning "East Big Mountain", and considered a guardian mountain of the country, so that major rituals were held.
Paul Harding (author)
Paul Harding (born 1967) is an American musician and author, best known for his debut novel Tinkers (2009), which won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the 2010 PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize, among other honors. He is currently a Distinguished Professor of Creative Writing at Emerson College in Boston. Previously, Harding was the director of the Creative Writing and Literature MFA program at Stony Brook Southampton, as well as interim associate provost of Stony Brook University's Lichtenstein Center.

Iowa Writers' Workshop
The Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa, is a graduate-level creative writing program. At 90 years, it is the oldest writing program offering a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in the United States. Its acceptance rate is between 2.7% and 3.7%. On the university's behalf, the workshop administers the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism and the Iowa Short Fiction Award.

The workshop's director is the writer Lan Samantha Chang, under whom its endowment has grown from $2.6 million to $12.5 million.
Kathleen Schuurmans
Kathleen Gonzalez-Schuurmans (born 3 July 1966) is a Belgian former professional tennis player.

Active on the professional tour in the 1980s, Schuurmans had a career high singles ranking of 326 in the world and featured in qualifying draws at the French Open. She represented the Belgium Federation Cup team in 1984 and 1985, appearing in a total of six ties. In 1984, she put Belgium into the second round of the World Group when she teamed up with Nicole Mabille to win the deciding doubles tie against Colombia.

Schuurmans married Mexican Davis Cup player Alfonso González and lives in Mechelen, where she works as a pharmacists's assistant. She is also heavily involved in Belgian basketball, serving as team manager of women's division one team BC Castors Braine. Previously she was team manager for the men's and women's national teams.

Alfonso González (tennis)
Alfonso González is a Mexican former professional tennis player.

Born in Monterrey, González was active on the professional tour during the 1980s and had a career high singles ranking of 229 in the world. He featured in the main draw of the French Open as a doubles player.

González, a Mexican national champion in 1983, represented his country in a 1984 Davis Cup tie against Venezuela in Caracas, playing two rubbers. His doubles win, partnering Fernando Pérez Pascal, secured the tie for Mexico and he then won a reverse singles over Iñaki Calvo.

Now a resident of Belgium, González is married to Belgian Federation Cup player Kathleen Schuurmans.
Moon Banerjee
Moonmoon Banerjee, also known as Mahua, is an Indian television actress who was recognized for the role of Sampada Basu in Ekta Kapoor's soap Kasautii Zindagii Kay on Star Plus. Additionally, she acted as Panna in Sasural Genda Phool, as Asha Bose in Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi and as Damayanti in Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani. Banerjee most recently starred on Star Bharat's Muskaan, where she played Gayatri Singh. She also played Uma Rawat in Muskuraane Ki Vajah Tum Ho.

Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi
Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi (transl. There are some colors of love like this too) is an Indian Hindi-language romantic drama television series which aired on 29 February 2016 to 2 November 2017 on Sony TV. It stars Erica Fernandes, Shaheer Sheikh and Supriya Pilgaonkar. The second season of the show aired from 25 September 2017 to 2 November 2017 lasting for 26 episodes. A third season Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi: Nayi Kahaani was aired from 12 July 2021 to 12 November 2021.
UCI Urban Cycling World Championships
The UCI Urban Cycling World Championships are the world championship events for freestyle BMX, cross-country eliminator, and trials. They are organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the governing body of world cycling.

Cross-country eliminator
Cross-country eliminator (XCE) is a mountain bike race format in which four riders compete against each other over a very short course. In each heat, the two fastest riders get to the next round, while the two slower riders are eliminated from the race. It is similar to four-cross, except that the course is not downhill.

Cross-country eliminator races have a maximum duration of 60 seconds. The format differs from the classic cross-country race both in its sprint character and the separation of the race into heats. The track itself is similar to XC tracks, going both uphill and downhill with natural and/or artificial obstacles.
MESFET
A MESFET (metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor) is a field-effect transistor semiconductor device similar to a JFET with a Schottky (metal–semiconductor) junction instead of a p–n junction for a gate.

Schottky barrier
A Schottky barrier, named after Walter H. Schottky, is a potential energy barrier for electrons formed at a metal–semiconductor junction. Schottky barriers have rectifying characteristics, suitable for use as a diode. One of the primary characteristics of a Schottky barrier is the Schottky barrier height, denoted by ΦB (see figure). The value of ΦB depends on the combination of metal and semiconductor.

Not all metal–semiconductor junctions form a rectifying Schottky barrier; a metal–semiconductor junction that conducts current in both directions without rectification, perhaps due to its Schottky barrier being too low, is called an ohmic contact.
Ring Around the Moon (film)
Ring Around the Moon is a 1936 American drama film directed by Charles Lamont and starring Donald Cook, Erin O'Brien-Moore and Ann Doran. It was produced and distributed by Chesterfield Pictures shortly before the company was taken over by Republic Pictures.

Charles Lamont
Charles Lamont (May 5, 1895 – September 11, 1993) was an American filmmaker, known for directing over 200 titles and producing and writing many others. He directed nine Abbott and Costello comedies and many Ma and Pa Kettle films.
2120 South Michigan Ave.
2120 South Michigan Ave. is the fifteenth studio album by George Thorogood and the Destroyers. It was released on June 12, 2011 by the label Capitol Records. The album peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Top Blues Albums chart.

The title refers to the address of the offices and recording studios of Chess Records in Chicago. The album itself is a tribute to Chess Records.

Tom Hambridge
Thomas Jay Hambridge (born December 20, 1960) is an American rock, country, and blues, producer, songwriter, musician drummer and vocalist. Hambridge has received two Grammy Awards, an ASCAP award, seven Grammy nominations, seven Boston Music Awards, and has been inducted into the Buffalo Hall of Fame. In December 2015, Hambridge was given the key to his hometown of Buffalo, New York with Mayor Byron Brown declaring December 28 "Tom Hambridge Day." Hambridge's songs have been recorded by several notable artists and have been featured in movie productions, commercials and television programs. He has been referred to as "The White Willie Dixon" by Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductee Buddy Guy and Susan Tedeschi's "Secret Weapon".
Laura Pyper
Laura Pyper is a Northern Irish actress, known for portraying Ella Dee in the second season of Hex, Jane Fairfax in Emma and Lexine Murdoch in the video game Dead Space: Extraction. She also played Lesley Howell in The Secret on ITV, which was first broadcast in April and May 2016.

The Secret (TV series)
The Secret is a 2016 Northern Irish ITV mini-series based on Let This Be Our Secret, Belfast journalist Deric Henderson's account of the double murder of Lesley Howell and Constable Trevor Buchanan, whose bodies were discovered in a fume-filled car in the garage of a property in Castlerock, County Londonderry, in Northern Ireland in May 1991.

The drama stars James Nesbitt as killer dentist Colin Howell, is written by BAFTA-winning writer Stuart Urban and is directed by Nick Murphy. The producer is Jonathan Curling, and the executive producers are Hat Trick Productions' Mark Redhead and Stuart Urban.

It was broadcast from 29 April to 20 May 2016 in four episodes.
East Africa
East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the African continent, distinguished by its unique geographical, historical, and cultural landscape. Defined in varying scopes, the region is recognized in the United Nations Statistics Division scheme as encompassing 18 sovereign states and 4 territories. It includes the Horn of Africa to the North and Southeastern Africa to the south.

Second Sudanese Civil War
The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba Mountains and the Blue Nile. It lasted for almost 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan 6 years after the war ended.

Roughly two million people died as a result of war, famine and disease caused by the conflict. Four million people in southern Sudan were displaced at least once, normally repeatedly during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II and was marked by numerous human rights violations, including slavery and mass killings.
2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division
The 2005 Liga Indonesia Premier Division (also known as the Liga Djarum Indonesia for sponsorship reasons) was the 11th season of the Liga Indonesia Premier Division, the top Indonesian professional league for association football clubs.

Djarum
PT Djarum (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈdʒarʊm]) is an Indonesian cigarette manufacturer and conglomerate based in Kudus, Central Java. It produces dozens of domestic and international brands, mainly kretek (clove cigarette). Djarum Black, Super, and L.A. Lights are among the most popular products of Djarum. Under its direct parent, PT Dwimuria Investama Andalan (also known as Djarum Group), it has non-cigarette business lines in technology, banking, and food.

The company owns the PB Djarum, a professional badminton club, the Italian football club Como, and was the main sponsor of Indonesia's top football league, including the Divisi Utama from 2005 to 2008 and Indonesia Super League (ISL), from 2008 to 2011.
Mansel Aylward
Sir Mansel Aylward CB FLSW (November 1942 – 29 May 2024) was a Welsh public health physician and academic. He was Chief Medical Officer, Medical Director and Chief Scientist at the U.K. Government Department for Work and Pensions.

Aylward was Director of the Centre for Psychosocial Research, Occupational and Physician Health at Cardiff University School of Medicine. He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2002 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2010 New Year Honours, for services to healthcare. He was made a Freeman of the Borough of Merthyr Tydfil in 2013 and elected to the fellowship of the Learned Society of Wales in 2016.

From 2009 to 2017, he was the first Chair of Public Health Wales NHS Trust, responsible for the delivery of public health services at national, local and community levels in Wales. He was later the Chair (Emeritus) of the Bevan Commission, a group of international experts which advises the Welsh Minister for Health and Social Services.

2002 Birthday Honours
Queen's Birthday Honours are announced on or around the date of the Queen's Official Birthday in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The dates vary, both from year to year and from country to country. All are published in supplements to the London Gazette and many are formally conferred by the monarch (or her representative) some time after the date of the announcement, particularly for those service people on active duty.

This page lists awards announced in the 2002 Queen's Birthday honours lists for the United Kingdom and New Zealand.
Sir Jarrit Smyth, 1st Baronet
Sir Jarrit Smyth, 1st Baronet (1692–1783), previously known as Jarrit Smith, was a British Tory Member of Parliament for Bristol, from 1756 to 1768. He married Florence Smyth, daughter of Sir John Smyth, 3rd Baronet and Elizabeth Asthy.

In addition to being a member of parliament, he was also a lawyer and the first to mine the Long Ashton coalfield.  In 1748 after various surveys Jarrit Smyth commissioned mine shafts to be dug at South Liberty Lane.

In 1760 he carried a bill through Parliament to replace the medieval Bristol Bridge which was in a bad state of repair.

His father-in-law died without male issue in 1741; on 27 January 1763 his 1661 baronetcy was recreated for Jarret Smyth as Baronet Smith (or Smyth) of Long Ashton, Somerset (1763) in the Baronetage of Great Britain. The first Baronet was succeeded by his son and subsequently by two nephews. Lack of male issue resulted in the extinction of the baronetcy in 1849.

Smith baronets of Long Ashton (first creation, 1661)
The Smith baronetcy of Long Ashton, Somerset, was created in the Baronetage of England on 16 May 1661, for Hugh Smith of Ashton Court, following the English Restoration, in recognition of the family's loyalty to the Crown. His father Thomas had been Member of Parliament for Somerset in the Short Parliament, and Smith himself represented Somerset from 1660.
Charles Wedge of Shudy Camps
Charles Wedge (1746–1842), English farmer and surveyor, was the son of Sir Francis Wedge of Aqualate Park at Forton, Staffordshire, and the brother of John Wedge and Thomas Wedge.  In 1776 he married Elizabeth Fletcher, at St Mary Woolnoth, London.  They had seven surviving children. The second son was John Helder Wedge (1793–1872), emigrant to Tasmania.

Charles Wedge practised as a surveyor and assisted John Rennie in the construction of canals.  He was often appointed a Commissioner of the Inclosures and also practised modern agricultural techniques on his farms at Little Wilbraham and Shudy Camps, in Cambridgeshire.

Charles Wedge died in 1842, aged 96 years.  He is buried with his wife at St Mary's Church, Shudy Camps.

Forton, Staffordshire
Forton is a small village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England, situated east of the market town of Newport, Shropshire. The civil Parish population at the 2011 census was 308.

It is situated around Forton Hall and the 14th century All Saints church, and is sited on the Roman road Via Devana and the modern A519 road between Newport and Newcastle-under-Lyme.

Forton Hall was built by Edwin Skrymsher of Norbury Manor, Eccleshall, at the end of the 17th century and is situated adjacent to the church of All Saints.  In 1729 five new bells were given to the church. The most prominent monument is the alabaster tomb of Thomas Skrymsher (died 1633), knight of Aqualate and his family.

There is a pub called The Swan.
Epidemiology (journal)
Epidemiology is a bi-monthly, peer-reviewed journal for epidemiologic research, published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

The journal publishes original research from all fields of epidemiology, as well as review articles, meta-analyses, novel hypotheses, descriptions and applications of new methods and discussions of research theory and public health policy. It is the official journal of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE).  In 2020, Epidemiology had an impact factor of 4.822, ranking 35th among 203 journals in the field of public, environmental and occupational health.

Epidemiology was founded by Ken Rothman in 1990, who was Editor-in-Chief until 2001. From 2001-2014, Allen Wilcox was the Editor-in-Chief. Timothy Lash is the current Editor-in-Chief.

Kenneth Rothman (epidemiologist)
Kenneth J. Rothman (born November 2, 1945) is an American epidemiologist. He is a professor of epidemiology at the Boston University School of Public Health, as well as a Distinguished Fellow at RTI International, where he is Vice President for Epidemiologic Research at RTI Health Solutions.
2022 National Bank Open – Men's singles
Pablo Carreño Busta defeated Hubert Hurkacz in the final, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2022 Canadian Open. Carreño Busta's first title of the season was also his maiden ATP Masters 1000 title. Hurkacz's defeat in the contest for his second Masters 1000 title was also a career-first loss in a tour-level final after he was bidding to win a sixth title in six finals.

Daniil Medvedev was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Nick Kyrgios.

For the first time since 1999 Indian Wells, the top three seeds at a Masters 1000 tournament were defeated in their opening matches. Jannik Sinner's loss in the third round also guaranteed a maiden Masters 1000 finalist in the bottom half of the draw, from which Carreño Busta emerged.

Jack Draper
Jack Alexander Draper (born 22 December 2001) is a British professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 4, achieved on 9 June 2025 and a doubles ranking of No. 202, attained on 14 July 2025. Draper has won three titles on the ATP Tour, including an ATP 1000 event at the 2025 Indian Wells Open, and reached a major semifinal at the 2024 US Open.

Draper has also won five titles on the ATP Challenger Tour and seven on the ITF Tour. As a junior, Draper was the runner-up at the 2018 Wimbledon Championships, ending the year at his peak junior ranking of world No. 7.
Pushout (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pushout (also called a fibered coproduct or fibered sum or cocartesian square or amalgamated sum) is the colimit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : Z → X and g : Z → Y with a common domain. The pushout consists of an object P along with two morphisms X → P  and Y → P that complete a commutative square with the two given morphisms f and g. In fact, the defining universal property of the pushout (given below) essentially says that the pushout is the "most general" way to complete this commutative square. Common notations for the pushout are  and .

The pushout is the categorical dual of the pullback.

Diagram (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a diagram is the categorical analogue of an indexed family in set theory. The primary difference is that in the categorical setting one has morphisms that also need indexing. An indexed family of sets is a collection of sets, indexed by a fixed set; equivalently, a function from a fixed index set to the class of sets. A diagram is a collection of objects and morphisms, indexed by a fixed category; equivalently, a functor from a fixed index category to some category.