hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Jordan (Royal Navy officer)
Thomas Jordan was an officer of the Royal Navy. He served during the American War of Independence.

In September 1770, he was the first commander of the 14-gun HMS Kingfisher.

Jordan was sent to North America in command of the 20-gun HMS Galatea. He fought at the Frederica naval action in 1778, in overall command of British naval forces there. His ship was the only not to be captured by the American marines in the battle.

HMS Kingfisher (1770)
HMS Kingfisher (also spelled King's Fisher or Kingsfisher) was the second ship in the 14-gun Swan class of ship sloops, to which design 25 vessels were built in the 1760s and 1770s. She was launched on 13 July 1770 at Chatham Dockyard, and completed there on 21 November 1770. She took part in the American Revolutionary War, enforcing the blockade of the Delaware Bay, and served in the Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet, near Cape May, New Jersey. While under the temporary command of Lieutenant Hugh Christian, she was burnt by her own crew to avoid capture on 7 August 1778 in Narragansett Bay during the Battle of Rhode Island.
Lumacaftor
Lumacaftor (VX-809) is a pharmaceutical drug that acts as a chaperone during protein folding and increases the number of CFTR proteins that are trafficked to the cell surface. It is available in a single pill with ivacaftor; the combination, lumacaftor/ivacaftor (brand name Orkambi), is used to treat people with cystic fibrosis who are homozygous for the F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, the defective protein that causes the disease.    It was developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and the combination was approved by the FDA in 2015.  As of 2015, lumacaftor had no medical use on its own.

Vertex Pharmaceuticals
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated is an American biopharmaceutical company based in Boston, Massachusetts. It was one of the first biotech firms to use an explicit strategy of rational drug design rather than combinatorial chemistry. It maintains headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts, and three research facilities, in San Diego, California, and Milton Park, Oxfordshire, England.
Jeannett Slesnick
Jeannett Black Slesnick (July 28, 1947 – August 3, 2023) was an American philanthropist, entrepreneur, community advocate, publisher, public official, and cultural patron. Slesnick had served in several leadership positions in South Florida boards and foundations as well as in elected office in the City of Coral Gables where she resided until her death. She published the widely circulated local news magazine Jeannett's Journal and founded the prominent South Florida real estate firm Slesnick and Jochem, which remains active under the direction of her business partner, Ginger Jochem.

Coral Gables Branch Library
The Coral Gables Branch Library is one of 49 branches of the Miami-Dade Public Library System, located at 3443 Segovia Street in Coral Gables, Florida. It was established in 1927 by the Coral Gables Woman's Club.
Antam
PT Aneka Tambang Tbk, colloquially known as Antam, is an Indonesian mining company. The company primarily produces gold and nickel, and is the largest producer of nickel in Indonesia. Until 2017, Antam was a directly state-owned company, before its ownership was transferred to PT Mineral Industri Indonesia (Persero) or MIND ID, a government-owned holding company.

Nickel mining in Indonesia
Nickel mining in Indonesia began with small-scale exploratory mining operations during the Dutch East Indies era and began to expand in the 1960s. Most of Indonesia's proven nickel reserves are located in the islands of Sulawesi and Halmahera, and the country has the largest annual production and reserves of nickel in the world.
Stockholm Bloodbath (film)
Stockholm Bloodbath is a 2023 film directed by Mikael Håfström, with an ensemble cast featuring Sophie Cookson, Emily Beecham and Claes Bang. It is produced by Helena Danielsson for Viaplay Studios. Set in Stockholm in 1520, a power struggle between the Swedes and the Danes ends in the massacre that became known as the Stockholm Bloodbath.

Stockholm Bloodbath
The Stockholm Bloodbath (Swedish: Stockholms blodbad) was a trial that led to a series of executions in Stockholm between 7 and 9 November 1520. The event is also known as the Stockholm massacre. The events occurred after the coronation of Christian II as the new king of Sweden, when guests in the crowning party were invited to a meeting at Tre Kronor castle. Archbishop Gustav Trolle, demanding economic compensation for things such as the demolition of Almarestäket's fortress, questioned whether the former Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger and his supporters had been guilty of heresy.

Supported by canon law, nearly 100 people were executed in the days following the meeting despite promises of amnesty. Among those killed were many people from the aristocracy who had been supporting the Sture party in the previous years. Thereafter King Christian II became known in Sweden as Kristian Tyrann ("Christian [the] Tyrant").
Kotoden Nagao Line
The Kotoden Nagao Line (琴電長尾線, Kotoden Nagao-sen) is a Japanese railway line in Kagawa Prefecture, which connects Kawaramachi Station in Takamatsu with Nagao Station in Sanuki. It is owned and operated by the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad. The line color is green.

Nagao Station (Kagawa)
Nagao Station (長尾駅, Nagao-eki)  is a passenger railway station operated by the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad in the city of Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan.  It is operated by the private transportation company Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad (Kotoden) and is designated station "N17".
Glocester Town Pound
The Glocester Town Pound is a historic animal pound on Pound Road and Chopmist Hill Road in Glocester, Rhode Island.

The stone pound was built in 1748 to confine stray livestock and is claimed by the town to be the oldest extant pound in America. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

Glocester, Rhode Island
Glocester, otherwise officially called the Town of Glocester, Rhode Island, is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 9,974 as of the 2020 census. The villages of Chepachet and Harmony are in Glocester. Putnam Pike (U.S. Route 44) runs west through the town center of Glocester into Putnam, Connecticut.
Binomial options pricing model
In finance, the binomial options pricing model (BOPM) provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options. Essentially, the model uses a "discrete-time" (lattice based) model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument, addressing cases where the closed-form Black–Scholes formula is wanting, which in general does not exist for the BOPM.

The binomial model was first proposed by William Sharpe in the 1978 edition of Investments (ISBN 013504605X), and formalized by Cox, Ross and Rubinstein in 1979 and by Rendleman and Bartter in that same year.

For binomial trees as applied to fixed income and interest rate derivatives see Lattice model (finance)  § Interest rate derivatives.

William F. Sharpe
William Forsyth Sharpe (born June 16, 1934) is an American economist. He is the STANCO 25 Professor of Finance, Emeritus at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business, and the winner of the 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Sharpe was one of the originators of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). He created the Sharpe ratio for risk-adjusted investment performance analysis, and he contributed to the development of the binomial method for the valuation of options, the gradient method for asset allocation optimization, and returns-based style analysis for evaluating the style and performance of investment funds.
Mineral Bluff, Georgia
Mineral Bluff is a census-designated place and unincorporated community located in Fannin County in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its population was 223 as of the 2020 census. The community is situated 6 miles (10 km) northeast of the city of Blue Ridge, the county seat, 80 miles (130 km) east of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and 100 miles (160 km) north of Atlanta.

Fannin County, Georgia
Fannin County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,319. It is one of the most rural counties in Georgia due its location in the Appalachian Mountain Range, with about 90% of the population of Fannin County living in unincorporated lands. The county seat and largest city is Blue Ridge. The county was created on January 21, 1854, and is named after James Fannin, a veteran who fought in the Texas Revolution.
Catadioptric sensor
A catadioptric sensor  is a visual sensor that contains mirrors (catoptrics) and lenses (dioptrics), a combined catadioptric system. These are panoramic sensors created by pointing a camera at a curved mirror.

Catadioptric system
A catadioptric optical system is one where refraction and reflection are combined in an optical system, usually via lenses (dioptrics) and curved mirrors (catoptrics). Catadioptric combinations are used in focusing systems such as searchlights, headlamps, early lighthouse focusing systems, optical telescopes, microscopes, and telephoto lenses. Other optical systems that use lenses and mirrors are also referred to as "catadioptric", such as surveillance catadioptric sensors.
Miyoshi Nagayoshi
Miyoshi Nagayoshi (三好 長慶, March 10, 1522 – August 10, 1564), or Miyoshi Choukei, the eldest son of Miyoshi Motonaga, was a Japanese samurai and daimyō who ruled seven provinces in Kansai. He was considered the most powerful figure during the Sengoku period before the rise of Oda Nobunaga, as Nagayoshi controlled the central government of the Shogunate.

Nagayoshi held the court titles of Shūri-dayū (修理太夫) and Chikuzen no Kami (筑前守). During his tenure, the Miyoshi clan would experience a great rise of power, and engage in a protracted military campaign against its rivals, the Rokkaku clan and the Hosokawa clan, while also engaging in conflict against Ashikaga Yoshiteru, the Shogun.

Nagayoshi was most known for his role in the political strife at Kyoto in the mid-16th century. Under his leadership, the Miyoshi clan was considered to be at the greatest extent of their power in history.

Ashikaga Yoshiteru
Ashikaga Yoshiteru (足利 義輝; March 31, 1536 – June 17, 1565), also known as Yoshifushi or Yoshifuji, was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the 13th shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1546 to 1565 during the late Muromachi period of Japan. He was the eldest son of the 12th shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiharu, and his mother was a daughter of Konoe Hisamichi (later called 慶寿院, Keijuin).  When he became shogun in 1546 at age 11, Yoshiteru's name was Yoshifushi (sometimes transliterated as Yoshifuji); but some years later in 1554, he changed his name to the one by which he is conventionally known today. His childhood name was Kikubemaru (菊童丸). His younger brother Ashikaga Yoshiaki became the fifteenth shōgun.
Breaking Point (2005 film)
Breaking Point (French: Point de rupture) is a Canadian documentary film, released in 2005. Aired on CBC Television in English and on Radio-Canada in French and released to mark the tenth anniversary of the 1995 Quebec sovereignty referendum, the film explored the dynamics of the referendum campaign through interviews with and news clips of several of the major players on both sides of the debate.

The two-part film aired on SRC in September 2005, and on CBC in October. It has also been released on DVD.

Jacques Parizeau
Jacques Parizeau GOQ (French pronunciation: [ʒɑk paʁizo]; August 9, 1930 – June 1, 2015) was a Canadian politician and economist who served as the 26th premier of Quebec from September 26, 1994, to January 29, 1996.
Y Gwladgarwr
Y Gwladgarwr ("The Patriot") was a liberal Welsh language newspaper, established in 1858, published weekly in Aberdare by Abraham Mason, and distributed around the districts of South Wales. Devoted to Welsh literature, the paper provided poets and authors of the valleys and South Wales more generally with a means of publishing their works. Amongst the newspaper's poetry editors were William Williams (bardic name Caledfryn, 1801–1869) and William Thomas (bardic name Islwyn, 1832–1878).

Welsh Newspapers Online has digitised 1,266 issues of the Y Gwladgarwr (1858–1884) from the newspaper holdings of the National Library of Wales.

Aberdare
Aberdare (/ˌæbərˈdɛər/ ab-ər-DAIR; Welsh: Aberdâr ⓘ) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Merthyr Tydfil, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Cardiff and 22 miles (35 km) east-north-east of Swansea. During the 19th century it became a thriving industrial settlement, which was also notable for the vitality of its cultural life and as an important publishing centre.
RAM Plan
The RAM Plan, also known as Operation RAM, Brana Plan, or Rampart-91, was a military plan developed over the course of 1990 and finalized in Belgrade, Serbia, during a military strategy meeting in August 1991 by a group of senior Serb officers of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and experts from the JNA's Psychological Operations Department. Its purpose was organizing Serbs outside Serbia, consolidating control of the Serbian Democratic Parties (SDS), and preparing arms and ammunition in an effort of establishing a country where "all Serbs with their territories would live together in the same state." A separate group of undercover operatives and military officers was charged with the implementation of the plan. These people then undertook numerous actions during the Yugoslav Wars that were later described as ethnic cleansing, extermination and genocide.

Ante Marković
Ante Marković (25 November 1924 – 28 November 2011) was a Yugoslav politician, businessman and engineer. He is most notable for having served as the last Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1991.
Make It Rain (Travis Porter song)
"Make It Rain" is a song by American hip hop group Travis Porter. It was first released on July 14, 2010, before being released on December 2, 2010, as the debut and lead single from their debut studio album, From Day 1 (2012). The song was produced by FKi.

FKi 1st
Trocon Markous Roberts Jr. (born November 20, 1989), better known by his stage name FKi 1st, $1T or 1st Down, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, DJ, and record producer. He first became known as one half of the Atlanta-based production duo FKi with fellow producer SauceLordRich (or Daye Rich), which was formed in 2007. The duo produced for music industry artists in hip-hop and contemporary R&B during the 2010s, resulting in credits on Billboard Hot 100-charting singles such as "Dope" by Tyga, "Watch Out" by 2 Chainz, "Make It Rain", "Bring It Back" and "Ayy Ladies" by Travis Porter, as well as the quadruple platinum-certified single "Weekend" by Mac Miller. In his solo work, Roberts has co-produced the singles "Work" for Iggy Azalea in 2013, "White Iverson" for Post Malone in 2015, co-wrote "Deja Vu" for the artist the following year, and "Pick It Up" for Famous Dex in 2017.
Ługi, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Ługi [ˈwuɡi] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Wieś Lęborska, within Lębork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Nowa Wieś Lęborska
Gmina Nowa Wieś Lęborska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lębork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Nowa Wieś Lęborska, approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Lębork and 63 km (39 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 270.39 square kilometres (104.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,390.
St Mary's Church, Bury St Edmunds
St Mary's Church is the civic church of Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk, England and is one of the largest parish churches in England. It claims to have the second longest nave (after Christchurch Priory), and the largest West Window of any parish church in the country. It was part of the abbey complex and originally was one of three large churches in the town (the others being St James, now St Edmundsbury Cathedral, and St Margaret's, now gone).

Bury St Edmunds Abbey
The Abbey of Bury St Edmunds was once among the richest Benedictine monasteries in England, until its dissolution in 1539. It is in the town that grew up around it, Bury St Edmunds in the county of Suffolk, England.  It was a centre of pilgrimage as the burial place of the Anglo-Saxon martyr-king Saint Edmund, killed by the Great Heathen Army of Danes in 869. The ruins of the abbey church and most other buildings are merely rubble cores, but two very large medieval gatehouses survive, as well as two secondary medieval churches built within the abbey complex.
Henry Jackson Hunt (politician)
Henry Jackson Hunt (frequently called "Henry I. Hunt") was a politician and businessman from Detroit, Michigan.

Henry Jackson Hunt was born in Watertown, New York, in 1786, the first son of American Revolutionary War colonel Thomas Hunt.  He arrived in Detroit around 1800 and went into the mercantile and real estate business, in some cases in partnership with Lewis Cass.  In 1811, he married Ann MacIntosh, daughter of Angus MacIntosh, a well-to-do fur trader and "Earl of Moy."  The couple had no children. The younger Henry Jackson Hunt went on to become a brigadier general in the American Civil War.

The elder Henry Jackson Hunt held various political offices in the city, including Colonel of the militia (1800- 1815), County Court Judge (1815), City Assessor (1817), Trustee of the University of Michigan (1821), and in 1826 Mayor of Detroit.  Hunt died while in office, on September 15, 1826.

Henry Jackson Hunt
Henry Jackson Hunt (September 14, 1819 – February 11, 1889) was Chief of Artillery in the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War. Considered by his contemporaries the greatest artillery tactician and strategist of the war, he was a master of the science of gunnery and rewrote the manual on the organization and use of artillery in early modern armies. His courage and tactics affected the outcome of some of the most significant battles in the war, including Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and most notably at Gettysburg, where his operational decisions regarding strategic cannon placement and conservation of ammunition for the Confederate main assault, contributed greatly to the defeat of Pickett's Charge.
IPWA Heavyweight Championship (United States)
The IPWA Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling heavyweight championship in the Independent Professional Wrestling Alliance (IPWA). The inaugural champion was Cueball Carmichael, who defeated Justin St. John following a battle royal on October 9, 1995 to become the first IPWA Heavyweight Champion.

There were 10 officially recognized champions with both Carmichael and Tom Brandi winning the title a record 4-times. At 255 days, Big Slam Vader was the longest reigning champion in the title's history. A number of top independent stars held the title during its near 6-year history including Lance Diamond, "Wiseguy" Jimmy Cicero, and "Nature Boy" Buddy Landel.

Crybaby Waldo
Walt McDonald  (April 21, 1966 – July 28, 2020) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Crybaby Waldo in Extreme Championship Wrestling, Big Slam Vader and Big Slam in the Independent Professional Wrestling Alliance and the independents. He was a one time NWA National Heavyweight Champion.
Universal 3D
Universal 3D (U3D) is a compressed file format standard for 3D computer graphics data.

The format was defined by a special consortium called  3D Industry Forum that brought together a diverse group of companies and organizations, including Intel, Boeing, HP, Adobe Systems, Bentley Systems, Right Hemisphere and others whose main focus had been the promotional development of 3D graphics for use in various industries, specifically at this time manufacturing as well as construction and industrial plant design. The format was later standardized by Ecma International in August 2005 as ECMA-363.

The goal is a universal standard for three-dimensional data of all kinds, to facilitate data exchange. The consortium promoted also the development of an open source library for facilitating the adoption of the format.

The format is natively supported by the PDF format and 3D objects in U3D format can be inserted into PDF documents and interactively visualized by Acrobat Reader (since version 7).

Image file format
An image file format is a file format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed. If the data is compressed, it may be done so using lossy compression or lossless compression. For graphic design applications, vector formats are often used. Some image file formats support transparency.

Raster formats are for 2D images. A 3D image can be represented within a 2D format, as in a stereogram or autostereogram, but this 3D image will not be a true light field, and thereby may cause the vergence–accommodation conflict.

Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats so that the data can be displayed on a digital (computer) display or printed out using a printer. A common method for displaying digital image information has historically been rasterization.
2021 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles
Cameron Norrie defeated Nikoloz Basilashvili in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2021 Indian Wells Masters. It was his first ATP Tour Masters 1000 title, and he became the first Briton to win the title. Basilashvili became the first Georgian to reach a Masters-level final since Alex Metreveli in 1968, and the first to do so while representing Georgia as an independent nation.

Dominic Thiem was the reigning champion from when the event was last held in 2019, but did not participate due to a long-standing wrist injury.

With no former champions participating, a new Indian Wells champion was guaranteed. For the first time, all four semifinalists at a Masters event were ranked outside of the world's top 25.

Botic van de Zandschulp
Botic van de Zandschulp (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈboːtɪk fɑn də ˈzɑntsxʏl(ə)p]; born 4 October 1995) is a Dutch professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 22 achieved on 29 August 2022 and a best doubles ranking of No. 60, reached on 22 May 2023. He is currently the No. 2 singles player from The Netherlands.

Van de Zandschulp has won two ATP Tour doubles titles. He represents The Netherlands at the Davis Cup.

Van de Zandschulp's breakthrough occurred at the 2021 US Open, when he became the third qualifier in US Open history to reach the quarterfinals of the tournament (after Nicolas Escudé in 1999 and Gilles Müller in 2008), with wins over seeded players Casper Ruud and Diego Schwartzman. He was also the third man to progress to the main draw of all four majors through qualifying in one year, the others being Elias Ymer in 2015 and Frank Dancevic in 2011.