hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Koszul algebra
In abstract algebra, a Koszul algebra  is a graded -algebra over which the ground field  has a linear minimal graded free resolution, i.e., there exists an exact sequence:

for some nonnegative integers .  Here  is the graded algebra  with grading shifted up by , i.e. , and the exponent  refers to the -fold direct sum. Choosing bases for the free modules in the resolution, the chain maps are given by matrices, and the definition requires the matrix entries to be zero or linear forms.

An example of a Koszul algebra is a polynomial ring over a field, for which the Koszul complex is the minimal graded free resolution of the ground field. There are Koszul algebras whose ground fields have infinite minimal graded free resolutions, e.g, .

The concept is named after the French mathematician Jean-Louis Koszul.

Jean-Louis Koszul
Jean-Louis Koszul (French: [kɔsyl]; 3 January 1921 – 12 January 2018) was a French mathematician, best known for studying geometry and discovering the Koszul complex. He was a second generation member of Bourbaki.
Flanagan and Allen
Flanagan and Allen were a British singing and comedy double act most active during the 1930s and 1940s. Its members were Bud Flanagan (1896 – 1968, born Chaim Weintrop) and Chesney Allen (1894–1982). They were first paired in a Florrie Forde revue, and were booked by Val Parnell to appear at the Holborn Empire in 1929.

Chesney Allen
William Ernest Chesney Allen (5 April 1894 – 13 November 1982) was a popular English entertainer of the Second World War period. He is best remembered for his comedy and music double act with Bud Flanagan as duo Flanagan and Allen.
Teri Keane
Teri Louisa Keane (October 24, 1925 – November 17, 2022) was an American actress known for her work in the era of old-time radio. She was reported to have "appeared in more than 100 dramatic roles in radio and television." For a twelve-year period, from Oct 1963 to April 4, 1975, she played Martha Spears Marceau, the wife of police chief Bill Marceau on the CBS-TV daytime drama The Edge of Night.

The Edge of Night
The Edge of Night is an American mystery crime drama soap opera, created by Irving Vendig and produced by Procter & Gamble Productions.

It debuted on CBS on April 2, 1956, and ran as a live broadcast on that network for most of its run until November 28, 1975. The series then moved to ABC, where it aired from December 1, 1975, until December 28, 1984. 7,420 episodes were produced, of which some 1,800 are available for syndication.

Writer Sir P. G. Wodehouse, actresses Bette Davis and Tallulah Bankhead, as well as Eleanor Roosevelt, were all reportedly devoted fans.
Kaukauna High School
Kaukauna High School is a public high school in Kaukauna, Wisconsin, the only high school in the Kaukauna Area School District. As of the 2022-23 school year, the school had 1,261 students in grades 9 through 12. It is the only public high school serving the city of Kaukauna and the surrounding area.

The first Kaukauna High School, built in the late 19th century, was expanded twice and replaced with a new building on a different site in 1999; the old building is now River View Middle School. The current Kaukauna High School campus, located on County Road CE, has facilities to support academic, athletic, and extracurricular programs. The school is equipped with science labs, a performing arts auditorium, and technology labs. Its athletic facilities include two gymnasiums, turf football, soccer, baseball, and softball fields, a turf indoor practice facility, fitness center, and tennis courts.

Kaukauna, Wisconsin
Kaukauna (/kəˈkɔːnə/) is a city located on former Menominee and Ho-Chunk territory in Outagamie and Calumet counties, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated on the Fox River, approximately 100 miles (160 km) north of Milwaukee. The population was 17,089 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1985 Ontario general election
The 1985 Ontario general election was held on May 2, 1985, to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the province of Ontario, Canada. The Progressive Conservatives won the most seats, but came short of a majority, and lost the popular vote to the Liberals. This left the NDP with the balance of power in the 33rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

Shortly afterward, the 42 years of PC governance in Ontario came to an end by a confidence vote defeating Premier Frank Miller's minority government. David Peterson's Liberals then formed a minority government with the support of Bob Rae's New Democratic Party.

Robert Elgie
Robert Goldwin Elgie CM (January 22, 1929 – April 3, 2013) was a Canadian lawyer, surgeon and politician. Elgie was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1977 and sat as the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for York East until 1985. A member of the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party, Elgie served in the provincial cabinet from 1978 to 1985, notably as Minister of Labour. He was a member of the Ontario Press Council from 2001, serving as chair from 2006 until his death.
World Woman Pro-Wrestling Diana
World Woman Pro-Wrestling Diana (ワールド女子プロレス・ディアナ, Wārudo Joshi Puroresu Diana) often abbreviated simply as Diana is a Japanese joshi puroresu or women's professional wrestling promotion based in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. It was founded by Kyoko Inoue in 2010.

Kaoru Ito
Kaoru Ito (伊藤薫, Itō kaoru) is a Japanese professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist currently working as a freelancer and is best known for her tenure with the Japanese promotions All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling and JWP Joshi Puroresu.
Flute Sonata in B minor, BWV 1030
The Sonata in B minor for transverse flute and obbligato harpsichord by Johann Sebastian Bach (BWV 1030) is a sonata in 3 movements:

Andante

Largo e dolce

Presto

The existing autograph manuscript dates from after 1735, when Bach led the Collegium Musicum in Leipzig. There are errors in the manuscript, and another harpsichord part in G minor that is otherwise the same though transposed, that suggests that this, like the G minor and D major harpsichord concertos, may be among the works Bach transcribed from earlier works originally for other instrumental combinations and in other keys to be playable by performers at hand.

Sonata
In music, a sonata (/səˈnɑːtə/; pl. sonate) is a piece that consists of 3 or 4 movements that can be for different musical instruments.: 17  The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms until the Classical era, when it took on increasing importance. Sonata is a vague term, with varying meanings depending on the context and time period. By the early 19th century it came to represent a principle of composing large-scale works. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded—alongside the fugue—as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music. Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and 21st-century sonatas maintain the overarching structure.

The term sonatina, pl. sonatine, the diminutive form of sonata, is often used for a short or technically easy sonata.
Hoax (book)
Hoax: Donald Trump, Fox News and the Dangerous Distortion of Truth is a nonfiction book by American journalist Brian Stelter, former CNN chief media correspondent. The book was first published on August 25, 2020, through Atria/One Signal Publishers and covers the entanglement of Donald Trump and Fox News.

Brian Stelter
Brian Patrick Stelter (born September 3, 1985) is an American journalist best known as a CNN media correspondent and analyst. He hosted CNN's Reliable Sources and was chief media correspondent from 2013 to 2022, then returned to the network as media analyst in 2024. Stelter was previously a media reporter for The New York Times and editor of the blog TVNewser.
Kounahiri Department
Kounahiri Department is a department of Béré Region in Woroba District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 101,111 and its seat is the settlement of Kounahiri. The sub-prefectures of the department are Kongasso and Kounahiri.

Departments of Ivory Coast
Departments of Ivory Coast (French: départements de Côte d'Ivoire) are currently the third-level administrative subdivision of the country. Each of the 31 second-level regions of Ivory Coast is divided into two or more departments. (The autonomous districts are containing departments, but have a specific status.) Each department is divided into two or more sub-prefectures. Since 2020, there are 111 departments of Ivory Coast.

Departments were first created in 1959. During their existence, they have been first-, second-, and third-level administrative subdivisions.
1870 Massachusetts legislature
The 91st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1870 during the governorship of Republican William Claflin. Horace H. Coolidge served as president of the Senate and Harvey Jewell served as speaker of the House.

Horace H. Coolidge
Horace Hopkins Coolidge (February 11, 1832 – February 3, 1912) was a Massachusetts lawyer and politician who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and as a member and President of the Massachusetts Senate.
Management Information Format
Management Information Format (MIF file) is a format used to describe a hardware or software component. MIF files are used by DMI to report system configuration information. Although MIF is a system-independent format, it is used primarily by Windows systems. To install a new device in a Windows 95 system, the corresponding MIF file is needed.

Desktop Management Interface
The Desktop Management Interface (DMI) generates a standard framework for managing and tracking components in a desktop, notebook or server computer, by abstracting these components from the software that manages them. The development of DMI, 2.0 version June 24, 1998, marked the first move by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) into desktop-management standards.
Before the introduction of DMI, no standardized source of information could provide details about components in a personal computer.

Due to the rapid development of DMTF technologies, such as Common Information Model (CIM), the DMTF defined an "End of Life" process for DMI, which ended on March 31, 2005.

From 1999, Microsoft required OEMs and BIOS vendors to support the DMI interface/data-set in order to have Microsoft certification.
Provença–Diagonal station
Provença and Diagonal are two connected rapid transit stations that form a major transport hub in Barcelona's Eixample district. Provença is served by the FGC-operated Line 6 and Line 7 of the Barcelona Metro and the suburban rail lines S1 and S2 of the Barcelona-Vallès Line. Diagonal is an important interchange station of the TMB-operated Barcelona Metro network, served by Line 3 and Line 5.

The underground station complex spans beneath several major streets, including Rambla de Catalunya, Passeig de Gràcia and Carrer de Balmes. These streets intersect both Avinguda Diagonal and Carrer de Provença, after which the stations are named.

Diagonal was the second most used station of the TMB-operated Barcelona Metro lines in 2024, with over 16 million passengers.

Platform screen doors
Platform screen doors (PSDs), also known as platform edge doors (PEDs), are used at some train, rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit, tram and light rail systems. Primarily used for passenger safety, they are a relatively new addition to many metro systems around the world, some having been retrofitted to established systems. They are widely used in newer Asian and European metro systems, and Latin American bus rapid transit systems.
Liv Grete Skjelbreid
Liv Grete Skjelbreid (born 7 July 1974) is a former professional biathlete. She was born in the Øvre Hålandsdalen valley in Fusa Municipality (now Bjørnafjorden Municipality), near the city of Bergen in western Norway. On 20 March 2006, Liv Grete announced her retirement, effective at the end of the season which ended on 26 March at the Holmenkollen. She said that she was retiring because of her young daughter, Emma, her family and because she did not have the motivation to continue.

Bjørnafjorden Municipality
Bjørnafjorden is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the Midhordland region of the county. The administrative centre of Bjørnafjorden is the village of Osøyro. Other villages in the municipality include Eikelandsosen, Fusa, Hagavik, Haljem, Holdhus, Holmefjord, Strandvik, Sundvor, Syfteland, Søre Øyane, Søvik, and Vinnes.

The 517.4-square-kilometre (199.8 sq mi) municipality is the 204th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Bjørnafjorden Municipality is the 46th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 26,342. The municipality's population density is 50.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (132/sq mi) and its population has increased by 15.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Fabry–Pérot interferometer
In optics, a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI), or etalon, is an optical cavity made from two parallel reflecting surfaces (i.e.: thin mirrors). Optical waves can pass through the optical cavity only when they are in resonance with it. It is named after Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, who developed the instrument in 1899. Etalon is from the French étalon, meaning "measuring gauge" or "standard".

Etalons are widely used in telecommunications, lasers and spectroscopy to control and measure the wavelengths of light. Recent advances in fabrication technique allow the creation of very precise tunable Fabry–Pérot interferometers. The device is technically an interferometer when the distance between the two surfaces (and with it the resonance length) can be changed, and an etalon when the distance is fixed (however, the two terms are often used interchangeably).

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Praia da Vitória
Praia da Vitória, officially the Very Notable City of Praia da Vitória, is a municipality in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. With a population of 21,035 (in 2011), the second largest administrative authority on the island of Terceira, it covers an area of 162.29 square kilometres (62.66 mi2), that extends from the northern coast halfway into the interior.

Terceira Island
Terceira (Portuguese pronunciation: [tɨɾˈsɐjɾɐ]) is a volcanic island in the Azores archipelago of Portugal, 1,181 km (734 mi) due west of Lisbon. It is one of the larger islands of the archipelago, with a population of 53,311 inhabitants in an area of approximately 396.75 km2 (153.19 sq mi).

Terceira is the location of the Azores' oldest city, Angra do Heroísmo, the historical capital of the archipelago and a UNESCO World Heritage Site; the seat of the judicial system (Supreme Court); and the main insular Portuguese Air Force base, Base Aérea nº 4 at Lajes, with a United States Air Force detachment.

Terceira island has two main sea ports, one at Angra do Heroísmo and the other at Praia da Vitória, and a commercial airport integrated with the flight operations at Lajes. Portuguese bullfighting is popular on the island, in two versions: the traditional equestrian bullfight (in the ring) and the popular "tourada à corda" that occurs in the streets.
Whisky Galore (novel)
Whisky Galore is a novel written by the Scottish author Compton Mackenzie. It was published in 1947. It was adapted for the cinema under the title Whisky Galore!. The book has sold several million copies and has been reprinted several times.

Compton Mackenzie
Sir Edward Montague Compton Mackenzie, OBE (17 January 1883 – 30 November 1972) was a Scottish writer of fiction, biography, histories and a memoir, as well as a cultural commentator, raconteur and lifelong Scottish nationalist. He was one of the co-founders in 1928 of the National Party of Scotland along with Hugh MacDiarmid, Cunninghame Graham and John MacCormick. He was knighted in the 1952 Birthday Honours List.
Chinakkathoor Temple
Chinakkathoor Bhagavathi Temple is a Hindu temple located at Palappuram near Ottapalam in Palakkad district of Kerala, India. The temple is well-known for the Chinakkathoor pooram held annually in the Malayalam month of Kumbham.

There are two shrines, Thazhekavu (lower shrine) and Melakavu (upper shrine). Melakavu is believed to be older than Thazekavu. The priests of the upper shrine traditionally come from the Kulangara Nair family of Palappuram. Namboothiri priests do the poojas in the lower shrine and in the ten days of pooram. They are in charge of the upper shrine as well. There is a shrine dedicated to Lord Ganapathy who is believed to be in his divine "Vidya Ganapati" form, adjoining the temple complex near the iconic banyan tree.

Chinakkathoor Pooram
Chinakkathoor Pooram is a festival held annually at the Chinakkathoor Bhagavathi temple at Palappuram in Palakkad district of Kerala, India. A huge procession of 27 festooned tuskers is the highlight of the festival. The festival is celebrated in the Kumbham month of Malayalam calendar.

Locality performs traditional art forms like Vellattu, Theyyam, Poothanum thirayum, Kaalavela, Kuthiravela, Aandi Vedan, Karivela on the Panchavadyam or the temple orchestra. The popular ritualistic show puppetry, Tholpavakoothu, is performed at the temple premises every evening. This show continues for 17 days before conclusion of the festival i.e. pooram. Sixteen decorated models of the kuthira (horse) and eight kaala (bull) are brought ceremoniously to the temple by devotees in a grand procession.

Holiday is declared by the District Collector in all government offices and educational institutions of Ottapalam municipality and the Lakkidi-Perur-I grama panchayat.
SGEF
SGEF (Src homology 3 domain-containing Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor) is a 97 kDa protein involved in intracellular signalling networks. It functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoG,  a small G protein of the Rho family.

RhoG
RhoG (Ras homology Growth-related) (or ARGH) is a small (~21 kDa) monomeric GTP-binding protein (G protein), and is an important component of many intracellular signalling pathways. It is a member of the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins and is encoded by the gene RHOG.
Enniscorthy RFC
Enniscorthy RFC is a rugby union club based in Enniscorthy, County Wexford in Ireland. Founded in 1912, as of 2024 it was playing in Division 2C of the All-Ireland League. The clubhouse and pitch are located on the Ross Road in Enniscorthy.

The club won the last Leinster Junior Challenge Cup in 1925, and went on to win the successor Leinster Rugby Provincial Towns Cup several times, including in 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2019. It has also twice won the All Ireland Junior Cup (in 2014 and 2016).

Enniscorthy RFC was voted "club of the year" at the 2022 Guinness Rugby Writers Awards.

2024–25 All-Ireland League (rugby union)
The 2024–25 All-Ireland League, known as the Energia All-Ireland League for sponsorship reasons, was the 33rd season of Irish Rugby's top level domestic competition. The League began on 20 September 2024 and finished with the League final at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on 27 April 2025.

Cork Constitution were the defending champions having won their 7th title by defeating defending champions Terenure College in the 2023-24 League Final. They reached the final again but were defeated by Clontarf who won their fourth A.I.L. title.

Ballyclare were competing in the League for the first time ever after gaining promotion to Division 2C by winning the Provincial League Championship final. Monkstown who lost that final, later gained promotion back to the League after a 21-year absence by winning the Provincial League Championship play-off against Bangor.
Tourcoing
Tourcoing (French: [tuʁkwɛ̃] ⓘ; Dutch: Toerkonje [tuːrˈkɔɲə]; West Flemish: Terkoeje; Picard: Tourco) is a city in northern France on the Belgian border. It is designated municipally as a commune within the department of Nord. Located to the north-northeast of Lille, adjacent to Roubaix, Tourcoing is the chef-lieu of two cantons and the fourth largest city in the French region of Hauts-de-France ranked by population with about 97,000 inhabitants.

Together with the cities of Lille, Roubaix, Villeneuve-d'Ascq and eighty-six other communes, Tourcoing is part of four-city-centred metropolitan area inhabited by more than 1.1 million people: the Métropole Européenne de Lille. To a greater extent, Tourcoing belongs to a vast conurbation formed with the Belgian cities of Mouscron, Kortrijk and Tournai, which gave birth to the first European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in January 2008, Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai with an aggregate of just over 2 million inhabitants.

Tournai
Tournai (/tʊərˈneɪ/ toor-NAY, French: [tuʁnɛ] ⓘ; Picard: Tornai; Walloon: Tornè [tɔʀnɛ] ⓘ; Dutch: Doornik [ˈdoːrnɪk] ⓘ, sometimes anglicised in older sources as "Tournay") is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the Province of Hainaut, Belgium. It lies 89 km (55 mi) by road southwest of the centre of Brussels on the river Scheldt, and is part of Eurometropolis Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai, In 2022, the municipality of Tournai had an estimated population of 68,518 people.

Tournai is one of the oldest cities in Belgium and has played an important role in the country's cultural history. It was the first capital of the Frankish Empire, with Clovis I being born here.
National Slate Museum
The National Slate Museum (previously known as the Welsh Slate Museum and the North Wales Quarrying Museum) is located at Gilfach Ddu, the 19th-century workshops of the now disused Dinorwic quarry, within the Padarn Country Park, Llanberis, Gwynedd. The museum is dedicated to the preservation and display of relicts of the Slate industry in Wales. The museum closed in November 2024 for renovations and will not re-open until 2026.

The museum is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) and part of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales.

Llanberis
Llanberis (Welsh: [ɬanˈbɛrɪs] ⓘ) is a village, community and electoral ward in Gwynedd, northwest Wales, on the southern bank of the lake Llyn Padarn and at the foot of Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales. It is a centre for outdoor activities in Snowdonia, including walking, mountaineering, climbing, mountain biking and pony trekking, as well as water sports such as scuba diving. The community includes Nant Peris.

Llanberis takes its name from Saint Peris, an early Welsh saint. It is twinned with the Italian town of Morbegno in Lombardy.
Malarinum Melliya
Malarinum Melliya (transl. Softer than flower) is a 2008 Tamil language romantic drama film directed by P. S. Selvaraj. The film stars Vignesh and Varshini, with Sivachakravarthi, Periyar Dasan, P. S. Selvaraj, Dhadha Muthukumar, Muthukaalai, and Nellai Siva playing supporting roles. The film, produced by Sugumari Rajamanokaran, was released on 9 May 2008. Actor Vignesh's voice was dubbed by dubbing artist Sekar and he won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for his work.

Sekar P. R.
Sekar P. R. also known as Rudrapathy Sekar is a dubbing artist in the Southern Indian film industry. He has dubbed actors in the Tamil industry including Shahrukh Khan. He is a recipient of the Tamil Nadu State Film Award from the Government of Tamil Nadu.