hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
S v Shilubane
S v Shilubane, an important case in South African criminal law, was heard and decided in the Transvaal Provincial Division by Shongwe J and Bosielo J on June 20, 2005. The case is significant primarily for its treatment of questions of punishment, advocating the consideration of restorative justice as an alternative to direct imprisonment, urging that presiding officers be innovative and proactive in opting for such alternatives, and recommending that these alternatives be humane and balanced.

Retributive justice, the court found, had failed and was failing to stem the wave of crime in South Africa. It was counter-productive and self-defeating, therefore, to expose first-time offenders to the corrosive and brutalising effect of prison for trifling offences. Such sentences as community service were to be seriously considered where the perpetrator was not such a serious threat to society as for it to be necessary for its protection to imprison him.

Ronnie Bosielo
Lebotsang Orphan "Ronnie" Bosielo (19 August 1957 – 15 May 2018) was a South African judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal. Formerly a judge of the High Court of South Africa, he served in the appellate court from October 2009 until his death in May 2018. He was an acting judge in the Constitutional Court in 2012 and 2016, and he was thrice nominated unsuccessfully for permanent appointment to the apex court.

Born in Johannesburg, Bosielo grew up in the North West Province, where he practised as an attorney between 1986 and 1998. Thereafter he practised briefly as an advocate in Johannesburg before he was appointed to the Gauteng Division of the High Court in January 2001.
Rhys Nanmor
Rhys Nanmor (fl. 1480–1513) was a Welsh language poet who lived in Nanmor, near Beddgelert in North Wales.

Among his surviving work is a prophecy to King Henry VII of England and an elegy on the death of Arthur, Prince of Wales, who died in 1502.

Rhys was a family poet of Sir Rhys ap Thomas, and is thought to have been the bardic pupil of Dafydd Nanmor.

Beddgelert
Beddgelert (Welsh: [bɛðˈgɛlɛrt] ⓘ) is a village and community in the Snowdonia area of Gwynedd, Wales. The population of the community taken at the 2021 census was 460 (rounded to the nearest 10). This includes Nantmor and Nant Gwynant. Despite the village being reputably named after the legendary hound Gelert, it is actually named after Saint Gelert, an early leader in Celtic Christianity. The community is large and sparsely populated, covering 86 square kilometres (33 sq mi).
Little Man, What Now? (1934 film)
Little Man, What Now? is a 1934 pre-Code American drama film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Margaret Sullavan. It is based on the 1932 novel of the same name by Hans Fallada. The novel had been turned into a German film the previous year. The film was a box-office disappointment for Universal.

Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada (German: [hans ˈfa.la.da] ⓘ; born Rudolf Wilhelm Friedrich Ditzen; 21 July 1893 – 5 February 1947) was a German writer of the first half of the 20th century. Some of his better known novels include Little Man, What Now? (1932) and Every Man Dies Alone (1947). His works belong predominantly to the New Objectivity literary style, a style associated with an emotionless reportage approach, with precision of detail, and a veneration for 'the fact'. Fallada's pseudonym derives from a combination of characters found in Grimms' Fairy Tales: The titular protagonist of Hans in Luck (KHM 83), and Fallada the magical talking horse in The Goose Girl.
Louis E. Bradbury
Louis Edward Bradbury (1863 – 7 July 1950) was a British philatelist who was admitted to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1929. He specialized in the stamps of the Bahamas and Nevis, and his research on Nevis led to the significant discovery of the original printing plates.

Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
The Roll of Distinguished Philatelists (RDP) is a philatelic award of international scale, created by the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain in 1921 to honour those who have advanced philately through research, expertise, or service. The Roll consists of five pieces of parchment to which the signatories add their names. New honorees continue to be added annually.
Propaganda Message
Propaganda Message is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Barrie Nelson and released in 1971. A satire of Canadian society, the film mocks the social and cultural prejudices that Canadians often hold of each other, including linguistic, political, ethnic and economic cleavages, presenting a plea for greater tolerance and understanding of people's differences.

The film was written by Don Arioli, who won the Canadian Film Award for Best Screenplay (Non-Feature) at the 23rd Canadian Film Awards in 1971 for both Propaganda Message and Hot Stuff.

The film won a gold award at the first USA International Animation Film Festival in New York City in 1972.

23rd Canadian Film Awards
The 23rd Canadian Film Awards were held on October 1, 1971 to honour achievements in Canadian film. The ceremony, which had been returned to banquet format, was hosted by actor Leslie Nielsen and broadcaster Charlotte Gobeil.

For this year's competition, 149 films were entered, but Quebec independent filmmakers refused to submit their films, citing "lack of interest" and taking issue with the insufficient representation of Montreal in the awards committee. The result was that, with the exception of films from the National Film Board of Canada, all awarded films were English-language.
Waring's problem
In number theory, Waring's problem asks whether each natural number k has an associated positive integer s such that every natural number is the sum of at most s natural numbers raised to the power k. For example, every natural number is the sum of at most 4 squares, 9 cubes, or 19 fourth powers. Waring's problem was proposed in 1770 by Edward Waring, after whom it is named. Its affirmative answer, known as the Hilbert–Waring theorem, was provided by Hilbert in 1909. Waring's problem has its own Mathematics Subject Classification, 11P05, "Waring's problem and variants".

John Edensor Littlewood
John Edensor Littlewood FRS (9 June 1885 – 6 September 1977) was a British mathematician. He worked on topics relating to analysis, number theory, and differential equations and had lengthy collaborations with G. H. Hardy, Srinivasa Ramanujan and Mary Cartwright.
Theo Loevendie
Johan Theodorus Loevendie (born 17 September 1930) is a Dutch composer and clarinet player.

Loevendie was born in Amsterdam, and studied composition and clarinet at the music academy (Conservatorium) of Amsterdam. Initially he concentrated on jazz music. As off 1968 he also wrote concert music, among which operas, concertos and chamber music. Several of his compositions won prizes.

Starting 1970 Loevendie taught composition at several Dutch conservatoires. Among his many students were Svitlana Azarova, Matthias Kadar, Vanessa Lann, Peter van Onna, Robin de Raaff, Victor Varela, Sinta Wullur and Evrim Demirel.

As a performer, he participated in the ensembles Consort, Brevisand the Theo Loevendie Quintet.

In 2004, he founded a new group: The "Ziggurat Ensemble". It consists of a mix of western and non-western instruments: Er-hu, Viola da Gamba, Qanun, Voice, Duduk, Bass, Pan Pipes and Percussion.

Conservatorium van Amsterdam
The Conservatorium van Amsterdam (CvA) is a Dutch conservatoire of music located in Amsterdam. This school is the music division of the Amsterdam University of the Arts, the city's vocational university of arts. The Conservatorium van Amsterdam is the largest music academy in the Netherlands, offering programs in classical music, jazz, pop, electronic music, early music, music education, and opera.
Dehors Serge dehors
Dehors Serge dehors (Lit. "Outside, Serge, Outside") is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Martin Fournier and Pier-Luc Latulippe and released in 2021. The film is a portrait of actor and comedian Serge Thériault, who has in recent years suffered from intense clinical depression and has barely left his home, as his friends and family try to lovingly guide him back out into the world.

The film premiered in November 2021 at the Montreal International Documentary Festival.

The film received three Prix Iris nominations at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2022, for Best Documentary Film, Best Cinematography in a Documentary (Ariel Méthot) and Best Editing in a Documentary (Jean-François Lord).

Martin Fournier (filmmaker)
Martin Fournier is a Canadian film director from Quebec, most noted as codirector with Pier-Luc Latulippe of the documentary films Manor (Manoir) and Dehors Serge dehors.

Manor won the Prix Iris for Best Documentary Film at the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2017 and was the winner of the 2017 Prix collégial du cinéma québécois, while Dehors Serge dehors was a Prix Iris nominee for Best Documentary Film at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2022.

In 2024 they collaborated on Simon and Marianne (Simon et Marianne), their third film as a duo.

Separately from Latulippe, Fournier has also directed the short documentary film Robert Lepage: Tuned to a Different Frequency, Cœur de pirate's music video for "Pour un infidèle", and episodes of the documentary television series La vie nous arrive.
Nickelodeon Robot Wars
Nickelodeon Robot Wars is a game show that aired on Nickelodeon from August 25, 2002, to October 6, 2002. Hosted by Dave Aizer and Vivianne Collins, the show was Nickelodeon's take on Robot Wars, the popular and long-running robot-fighting game show. The show was canceled after one season, and subsequently aired on Nick GAS.

The series of six shows was filmed at Shepperton Studios in England in January 2002, at the same time as the second season of Robot Wars: Extreme Warriors, which aired on TNN in the U.S. (now Paramount Network). Both shows featured American teams and robots flown to England for the filming.

Dave Aizer
David Ross Aizer (born November 24, 1974) is an American television host, writer and producer. Currently, he is a public speaking and media coach, and the founder of the Public Speaking and Media Consultancy, DaveAizer.com.

Previously, Dave was the channel host for WSFL-TV The CW in South Florida. He hosted the weekly talk show Inside South Florida, the morning news program Eye Opener, and The Morning Show—a daily, live television morning show.
Adrenodoxin reductase
Adrenodoxin reductase (Enzyme Nomenclature name: adrenodoxin-NADP+ reductase, EC 1.18.1.6), was first isolated from bovine adrenal cortex where it functions as the first enzyme in the mitochondrial P450 systems that catalyze essential steps in steroid hormone biosynthesis.
Examination of complete genome sequences revealed that adrenodoxin reductase gene is present in most metazoans and prokaryotes.

Adrenal ferredoxin
Adrenal ferredoxin (also adrenodoxin (ADX), adrenodoxin, mitochondrial, hepatoredoxin, ferredoxin-1 (FDX1)) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FDX1 gene.   In addition to the expressed gene at this chromosomal locus (11q22), there are pseudogenes located on chromosomes 20 and 21.
Drishti (film)
Drishti (transl. Vision) is a 1990 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Govind Nihalani, starring Dimple Kapadia, Shekhar Kapur and Irrfan Khan. The film depicts the marital life of an urban couple from an upper-class milieu in Mumbai and follows their trials and tribulations, infidelity, divorce, and meeting after years of separation.

It is the only film to have music direction by classical singer Kishori Amonkar, with lyrics by Vasant Dev. In 1991, it won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi at the 38th National Film Awards, and was named the 5th Best Indian Film at the 55th Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards, where Dimple Kapadia and Mita Vasisht were named Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in the Hindi section.

Govind Nihalani
Govind Nihalani (born 19 December 1940) is an Indian film director, cinematographer, screenwriter and producer, known for his works in Hindi cinema, particularly the movement of parallel cinema. He has been the recipient of six National Film Awards, and five Filmfare Awards.
TUC (cracker)
TUC (/tʊk/) is a brand of salted octagonal golden-yellow crackers, comparable in taste to Ritz crackers. The TUC brand originated in Belgium, and belonged to French company LU. Nowadays, TUC crackers are owned by Mondelēz International, which markets the brand in mainland India, while Valeo Foods' Jacob Fruitfield Food Group produces TUC crackers for markets in Europe, Asia, North America, and North Africa, but not in Italy, where they are produced by Saiwa (a company owned by Mondelez International). In Pakistan, TUC is manufactured and marketed by LU (Continental Biscuits) and by United Biscuits in the United Kingdom.

United Biscuits
United Biscuits (UB) is a British multinational food manufacturer, makers of McVitie's biscuits, Jacob's Cream Crackers, and Twiglets. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In November 2014, the company was acquired by Yıldız Holding and is now part of Pladis.

United Biscuits manufactures in a number of countries across Europe, such as the Netherlands, France and Belgium. It also has a manufacturing site in India. The company's headquarters is in Chiswick Business Park in west London.
Middleton, Nova Scotia
Middleton is a town in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Situated on the north bank of the Annapolis River, it is located close to the centre of the Annapolis Valley, from which it gets its nickname, "The Heart of the Valley".

Annapolis Valley
The Annapolis Valley is a valley and region in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is located in the western part of the Nova Scotia peninsula, formed by a trough between two parallel mountain ranges along the shore of the Bay of Fundy. Statistics Canada defines the Annapolis Valley as an economic region, composed of Annapolis County, Kings County, and Hants County.
Lomma Municipality
Lomma Municipality (Swedish: Lomma kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden, about 10 km north of Malmö. Its seat is located in Lomma with secondary locality Bjärred being of almost equal population size.

The present municipality was created through the amalgamation of the market town Lomma and the rural municipality Flädie. It took place in 1963, between the two nationwide local government reforms of 1952 and 1971.

Bjärred
Bjärred (Swedish: [ˈbjæ̌rːɛd], outdatedly [ˈbjěːrɛd]) is a coastal locality situated in Lomma Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden.  It is situated about 20 km north of Malmö, 10 km west of Lund and 5 km north of Lomma village.
With 9,874 inhabitants in 2016, it is the second largest locality in Lomma Municipality and accounts for around 41% of its inhabitants. Bjärred largely serves as a suburb of Malmö and Lund.

Among the sights in the town is the open-air swimming-baths, situated 500 meters out on the jetty Långa bryggan.
Mooring mast
A mooring mast, or mooring tower, is a structure designed to allow for the docking of an airship outside of an airship hangar or similar structure. More specifically, a mooring mast is a mast or tower that contains a fitting on its top that allows for the bow of the airship to attach its mooring line to the structure.
When it is not necessary or convenient to put an airship into its hangar (or shed) between flights, airships can be moored on the surface of land or water, in the air to one or more wires, or to a mooring mast.  After their development mooring masts became the standard approach to mooring airships as considerable manhandling was avoided.

Blimp
A non-rigid airship, commonly called a blimp (/blɪmp/), is an airship (dirigible) without an internal structural framework or a keel. Unlike semi-rigid and rigid airships (e.g. Zeppelins), blimps rely on the pressure of their lifting gas (usually helium, rather than flammable hydrogen) and the strength of the envelope to maintain their shape. Blimps are known for their use in advertising, surveillance, and observation due to their maneuverability, slow speeds and steady flight capabilities.
La Salle Township, Ontario
La Salle Township is a geographic township in the Unorganized North Part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Northland Railway, constructed in the early 20th century, runs through the southwestern tip of the township.

Opimika Creek, a tributary of Lake Timiskaming, is in the township, as are — all or in part — the following lakes: Boland Lake, La Salle Lakes, Modder Lake, Opimika Lake, Raft Lake, Secord Lake, Serene Lake, Sucker Lake, Susy Lake.

A Hydro One transmission line traverses the township from north to south.

Boland Lake
Boland Lake is an endorheic lake in geographic La Salle Township in the Unorganized North Part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is adjacent to (just east of) the La Salle Lakes and is about 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) northeast of the railway point of Diver, on the Ontario Northland Railway. The lake has one, unnamed island.
Forever Mary
Forever Mary (Italian: Mery per sempre), is an Italian dramatic film directed by Marco Risi and released in 1989. It stars Michele Placido, Claudio Amendola, Alessandra Di Sanzo, Francesco Benigno, Roberto Mariano, Maurizio Prollo, Filippo Genzardi, Alfredo Li Bassi,  Salvatore Termini, Luigi Maria Burruano, Gianluca Favilla, Giovanni Alamia, and Tony Sperandeo.

Tony Sperandeo
Tony Sperandeo (born 8 May 1953) is an Italian actor of cinema and television. Sperandeo is notable for frequently playing the roles of tough characters from his native region, Sicily. As of 2011, he was working on La Nuova Squadra, a police drama televised by Rai Tre, as the Superintendent Salvatore Sciacca.
Moses Cheney
Moses Cheney (January 31, 1793 – July 17, 1875) was an American abolitionist, printer and legislator from New Hampshire.

Cheney was born in 1793 in Thornton, New Hampshire. Cheney entered the paper printing business in a region of nearby Holderness which was later renamed Ashland. On June 23, 1816, he married Abigail Morrison (1796-1881). Moses Cheney served as a conductor on the Underground Railroad at their home in Peterborough where they hosted Frederick Douglass on several occasions. Cheney was also the original printer of The Morning Star, an abolitionist Freewill Baptist newspaper.

The Cheneys' son Oren Cheney was the founder and first president of Bates College in Maine. Their son Person Cheney served as a U.S. Senator and Governor of New Hampshire.

Moses Cheney died on July 17, 1875, and was buried in Ashland.

The Morning Star (New Hampshire newspaper)
The Morning Star was a weekly newspaper owned and published by Freewill Baptists in 19th-century New England, which campaigned vigorously for the abolition of slavery long before such a political stance was widely considered to be respectable in America. It was published from 1826 to 1911.
Allan Blair
Allan Walker Blair (1900–1948) was a professor at the University of Alabama's medical school who is best known for allowing himself to be bitten by a black widow spider in order to investigate the toxicity of its venom in humans. As a result of the experiment he was hospitalized for two days, but later made a full recovery. The test was an attempt to convince skeptics who thought that the black widow's venom might not be dangerous to humans.

He ultimately developed a treatment protocol for black widow spider bites.

Latrodectus mactans
Latrodectus mactans, known as southern black widow or simply black widow, and the shoe-button spider, is a venomous species of spider in the genus Latrodectus. The females are well known for their distinctive black and red coloring and for the fact that they will occasionally eat their mates after reproduction. The species is native to North America. The venom can cause pain and other symptoms, but is rarely fatal to healthy humans.
The Jim Reeves Way
The Jim Reeves Way is a studio album by Jim Reeves, released posthumously in 1965 on RCA Victor. It was produced by Chet Atkins and Bob Ferguson.

The album included 12 tracks, among which "Make the World Go Away" and "Maureen".

The album opens with a cover of Hank Cochran's song "Make the World Go Away", recorded by Reeves at his last recording session in July 1964.

"I Can't Stop Loving You" is another song from that session and is in fact the last song Reeves ever recorded:
When the session ended with some time remaining on the schedule, Reeves suggested that he should record one more song. And he taped "I Can't Stop Loving You".

I Can't Stop Loving You
"I Can't Stop Loving You" is a popular song written and composed by  country musician Don Gibson from his 1958 album Oh Lonesome Me, who first recorded it on December 3, 1957, for RCA Victor Records. It was released in 1958 as the B-side of "Oh Lonesome Me", becoming a double-sided country hit single. At the time of Gibson's death in 2003, the song had been recorded by more than 700 artists, most notably by Ray Charles, whose recording reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
2000 Ecuadorian coup d'état
The 2000 Ecuadorian coup d'état took place on 21 January 2000 and resulted in President Jamil Mahuad being deposed, and replaced by Vice President Gustavo Noboa. The coup coalition brought together a short-lived junta composed by the country's most powerful indigenous group, Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE), and a group of junior military officers led by Lieutenant Colonel Lucio Gutiérrez.

Amidst a severe economic crisis, the coup coalition sought to emulate the populist democracy and economy of Hugo Chávez's Venezuela. The coup ultimately failed, with senior military officers opposed to the programme installing the elected Vice President as President, and imprisoning coup leaders.

President of Ecuador
The president of Ecuador (Spanish: Presidente del Ecuador), officially the Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador. It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government. Per the current constitution adopted in 2008, the president can serve two four-year terms. Prior to that, the president could only serve one four-year term.

The current president of Ecuador is Daniel Noboa, who was first elected in 2023 and re-elected in 2025. Having been sworn in at age 35, Noboa is the second youngest president in Ecuadorian history, after Juan José Flores.
Karczyn-Wieś
Karczyn-Wieś [ˈkart͡ʂɨn ˈvjɛɕ] is a small village in Poland the administrative district of Gmina Inowrocław, within Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. In Karczyn are 12 houses, one roundabout, paintball Ares. Artist Krystian Wrzeszcz has a studio there: Kazzul studio.

Gmina Inowrocław
Gmina Inowrocław is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Inowrocław, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 171.05 square kilometres (66.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,106.