hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nod factor
Nod factors (nodulation factors or NF), are signaling molecules produced by soil bacteria known as rhizobia in response to flavonoid exudation from plants under nitrogen limited conditions. Nod factors initiate the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia by inducing nodulation. Nod factors produce the differentiation of plant tissue in root hairs into nodules where the bacteria reside and are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere for the plant in exchange for photosynthates and the appropriate environment for nitrogen fixation. One of the most important features provided by the plant in this symbiosis is the production of leghemoglobin, which maintains the oxygen concentration low and prevents the inhibition of nitrogenase activity.

Rhizobia
Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen. In general, they are gram negative, motile, non-sporulating rods.

Rhizobia are a "group of soil bacteria that infect the roots of legumes to form root nodules". Rhizobia are found in the soil and, after infection, produce nodules in the legume where they fix nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere, turning it into a more readily useful form of nitrogen: ammonia (NH3). From here, the nitrogen is exported from the nodules and used for growth in the legume. Once the legume dies, the nodule breaks down and releases the rhizobia back into the soil, where they can live individually or reinfect a new legume host.
Ric-Tic Records
Ric-Tic Records was a record label set up in the 1960s in Detroit, Michigan, United States by Joanne Bratton and Eddie Wingate. Twinned with the Golden World label, Ric-Tic featured many soul music artists and was seen as an early competitor for fellow Detroit label Motown. Motown's owner, Berry Gordy was unhappy with the success of Ric-Tic and in 1968 paid $1 million for the signature of many of the label's artists.

In 2003, it was established that Ric-Tic was named for the deceased son of co-founder Bratton and her then husband, boxer Johnny Bratton. The boy, named Derek and known to his family as Ricky, Ric, or Ric-Tic, died at the age of 11 in 1962.

Eddie Wingate
Ed Wingate Jr. (13 February 1919 – 5 May 2006) was an African-American record label owner based in Detroit in the 1960s. Although never convicted, he was implicated as a major figure in the illegal numbers game in Detroit.

Wingate was born on 13 February 1919 in Moultrie, Georgia. In the 1930s, his family relocated to Detroit, where he pursued his passion to write and produce music, co-founding Golden World Records in 1961. He developed a roster of artists that included Edwin Starr, The Parliaments, The Fantastic Four, J.J. Barnes, Laura Lee, The Reflections, and Gino Washington, eventually growing his family of entertainment ventures to include Golden World Records, Golden World Studios, and the Ric-Tic label. He sold the Golden World brand to his local competitor, Motown's Berry Gordy, in 1968.
Oregon Commissioner of Labor
The Oregon Commissioner of Labor and Industries is an elected government position in the U.S. state of Oregon.  The commissioner is the chief executive of Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries and serves a four-year term.

The commissioner is also chairperson of the State Apprenticeship and Training Council and executive secretary of the Wage and Hour Commission.  The commissioner enforces state laws related to employment, housing, and public accommodation with respect to discrimination, wages, hours of employment, working conditions, prevailing wage rates, and child labor.  The commissioner also enforces state laws prohibiting discrimination related to vocational, professional, and trade schools, and administers licensing required by many professional services.  The commissioner oversees the Wage Security Fund, a source of coverage for unpaid wages in some business closure and group health situations.

The current commissioner is Christina Stephenson, elected in 2022.

2022 Oregon Commissioner of Labor election
The 2022 Oregon Commissioner of Labor and Industries election was held on November 8, 2022, in order to elect the Oregon Commissioner of Labor and Industries. The election was held on a nonpartisan basis. Nevertheless, Christina Stephenson was favored by the Democrats while Cheri Helt was favored by the Republicans.

Incumbent Commissioner Val Hoyle did not seek reelection in order to run for the U.S. House of Representatives. Christina Stephenson was decisively elected to succeed her in the November runoff, defeating former state representative Cheri Helt.
Grand Ducal Palace, Luxembourg
49°36′39.2″N 06°07′58.2″E﻿ / ﻿49.610889°N 6.132833°E﻿ / 49.610889; 6.132833

The Grand Ducal Palace (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogleche Palais, French: Palais grand-ducal, German: Großherzogliches Palais) is a palace in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.  It is the official residence of the grand duke of Luxembourg, and where he performs most of his duties as head of state of the grand duchy, though his principal residence is Berg Castle, in Colmar-Berg.

Official residence
An official residence is a residence designated by an authority and assigned to an official (such as a head of state, head of government, governor, or other senior figures), and may be the same place where the office holder conducts their work functions or lives.
Listed buildings in Leeds (Gipton and Harehills Ward)
Gipton and Harehills is a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.  It contains eight listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The ward contains the suburb of Gipton and the inner-city area of Harehills  The listed buildings consist of three churches, a former school, and four buildings at St James' Hospital.

St James's University Hospital
St James's University Hospital  is a tertiary hospital in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England and is popularly known as Jimmy's. It is the 8th largest hospital by beds in the United Kingdom, popularised for its television coverage from 1987 to 1996. It is managed by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.

The hospital is home to the Leeds Cancer Centre which provides specialist Oncology services to Leeds and the wider West Yorkshire region. Other specialist services based at St James's include Hepatology, Pathology and the Cystic Fibrosis Unit.
Paolo Tullio
Paolo Luigi Mario Tullio (pronounced [pa.o.lo tul.ljo]; 1949 – 5 June 2015) was a writer and a Michelin star-winning head chef of the former restaurant Armstrong's Barn in Annamoe, County Wicklow.

Tullio came to Ireland in 1968 to study English, arts and philosophy at Trinity College, where he obtained an MA. After his study he held several jobs, working as a clinical psychologist in St. Brendan's Hospital, an interpreter and as a cattle-agent.

Annamoe
Annamoe (Irish: Áth na mBó, meaning 'ford of the cows') is a village located on the Avonmore river in County Wicklow, Ireland about 32 km (20 mi) south of Dublin. It is on the R755 road (at the junction with the R763) between Roundwood and Laragh on the road to Glendalough.

The small stone humpback bridge is a common place for tourists to stop and view the County Wicklow scenery. There is a trout fishery in the village with a 4-acre (16,000 m2) lake where one can fly or bait fish. A separate fishing pond for children allows them to catch brown and rainbow trout.

Annamoe and the surrounding countryside is a breeding stronghold of the great spotted woodpecker, Ireland's newest species.

Castle Kevin, close to Annamoe, of which a few ruins survive, was a medieval fort which formed an important part of Dublin city's defences against raids by the O'Toole clan. The constable was an important Crown official.
Baden Powell (guitarist)
Baden Powell de Aquino (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈbadẽ ˈpawew]; 6 August 1937 – 26 September 2000), known professionally as Baden Powell, was a Brazilian virtuoso guitarist and composer.  He combined classical techniques with popular harmony and swing. He performed in many styles, including bossa nova, samba, Brazilian jazz, Latin jazz and MPB. He performed on stage during most of his lifetime. Powell composed many pieces for guitar, some of them now considered guitar standards, such as Abração em Madrid, Braziliense, Canto de Ossanha, Casa Velha, Consolação, Horizon, Imagem, Lotus, Samba, Samba em Prelúdio, Samba Triste, Simplesmente, Tristeza e Solidão, and Samba da Benção. He released Os Afro-sambas, a watershed album in MPB, with Vinicius de Moraes in 1966. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Brazilian guitar players of all time.

Elenco
Elenco is a Brazilian record label established in 1963 by Aloysio de Oliveira. It was a major factor in the development of the bossa nova style, also releasing samba, jazz, and spoken word recordings. It is often considered one of the most influential labels in the bossa nova and MPB genres.
Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell
Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell is a 2016 American direct-to-streaming animated superhero film featuring the superhero character Hulk. The movie takes its name from a 1970s Marvel comic book title. The film is set within the same continuity as Avengers Assemble and Ultimate Spider-Man. It is the second film in the Marvel Animated Universe after Marvel Super Hero Adventures: Frost Fight!.

Jasper Sitwell
Jasper Sitwell is a fictional character, an espionage agent appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

The character was portrayed by Maximiliano Hernández in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Mattie Blaylock
Celia Ann "Mattie" Blaylock (January 1850 – July 3, 1888) was a prostitute who became the romantic companion and common-law wife of Old West lawman and gambler Wyatt Earp for about six  years. Knowledge of her place in Wyatt's life was concealed by Josephine Earp, his later common-law wife, who worked ceaselessly to protect her and Wyatt's reputation in their later years. Blaylock's relationship with Earp was rediscovered by Earp researcher John Gilchriese and author Frank Waters in the 1950s, when they uncovered a coroner's report for “Mattie Earp” and a deathbed conversation in which she told someone, “Wyatt Earp had ruined my life.”

Pinal City, Arizona
Pinal or Pinal City is a ghost town in Pinal County in the U.S. state of Arizona. The town was populated from the 1870s into the 1890s, in what was then the Arizona Territory.

The Boyce Thompson Arboretum is said to be on the site of Pinal City. Only a few foundations remain at the old townsite.  The LOST Trail system crosses from the Arizona Trail to the Town of Superior, crossing through the old Pinal town site.  From the USFS "This Legends of Superior Trail connects the historic mining town of Superior with the Arizona Trail, 6 miles to the west. Along the way it passes through the high Sonoran Desert, the remains of the abandoned town of Pinal, and the riparian forest along Queen Creek, all while under the gaze of the majestic Picketpost Mountain to the south and Apache Leap to the east. Along the way you will find numbered stations on posts where you can use this brochure to learn more about the history and environment of this uniquely beautiful area."
Abington School District v. Schempp
Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court decided 8–1 in favor of the respondent, Edward Schempp, on behalf of his son Ellery Schempp, and declared that school-sponsored Bible reading and the recitation of the Lord's Prayer in public schools in the United States was unconstitutional.

Ellery Schempp
Ellery Schempp (born Ellory Schempp, August 5, 1940) is an American physicist and the primary student involved in the landmark 1963 United States Supreme Court decision of Abington School District v. Schempp which declared that required public school sanctioned Bible readings were unconstitutional.
Richard St. Barbe Baker
Richard St. Barbe Baker (9 October 1889 – 9 June 1982) was an English biologist and botanist, environmental activist and author, who contributed greatly to worldwide reforestation efforts. As a leader, he founded an organisation, Men of the Trees, still active today as the International Tree Foundation, whose many chapters carry out reforestation internationally.

West End, Hampshire
West End is a parish in Hampshire in the borough of Eastleigh, five miles (8.0 km) east of the city of Southampton. The village of West End is small and generally classed as an area in the outer suburbs or rural urban fringe of the borough of Eastleigh because of the surrounding woodland and countryside, including Telegraph Woods and Itchen Valley Country Park.

The village is known for being home of the Utilita Bowl, the stadium where Hampshire County Cricket Club plays, and occasionally England. Aside from a typical number of listed houses, the other main landmarks of the parish are Moorgreen Hospital — a large, ornate Victorian building, the original St James School, built in 1901, on the high street, and West End Fire Station — a museum in the centre of the village.
Louisiana Highway 1
Louisiana Highway 1 (LA 1) is a state highway in Louisiana.  At 431.88 miles (695.04 km), it is the longest numbered highway of any class in Louisiana.  It runs diagonally across the state, connecting the oil and gas fields near the island of Grand Isle with the northwest corner of the state, north of Shreveport.

The part south of U.S. Highway 90 near Raceland is Corridor 44, a National Highway System High Priority Corridor. From Alexandria to Shreveport, the LA 1 corridor was used for Interstate 49.

Between New Roads, Louisiana, and the interchange with Interstate 49 at Alexandria, Louisiana, LA 1 forms part of the Zachary Taylor Parkway.

Larose, Louisiana
Larose is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 6,763 in 2020. It is part of the Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux metropolitan statistical area.
Nicanor Stigmatias
Nicanor Stigmatias (/naɪˈkeɪnər ˌstɪɡməˈtaɪəs/; Greek: Nικάνωρ Στιγματίας Nīkā́nōr Stigmatíās) was a celebrated grammarian, who lived during the reign of the Roman emperor Hadrian in the early 2nd century AD.

According to the Suda he came from Alexandria; according to Stephanus of Byzantium he came from Hierapolis.

According to the Suda, he acquired the joking nickname Stigmatias (στιγματίας, "punctuated" but also "tattooed") because his labours were principally directed to punctuation. From his having devoted much of his attention to the elucidation of Homer's epics through punctuation, Stephanus also calls him "the new Homer", ὁ νέος Ὅμηρος.

He wrote also on the punctuation of Callimachus; and a work On punctuation in general (περὶ καθόλου στιγμῆς).

He is copiously quoted in the Venetus A scholia on Homer's Iliad.

(Fabricius Bibl. Graec. i.368, 517, iii.823, vi.345.)

Venetus A
Venetus A is the more common name for the 10th-century AD manuscript codex catalogued in the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice as Codex Marcianus Graecus 454, now 822. Its name is Latin for "Venetian A."

Venetus A is the most famous manuscript of the Homeric Iliad; it is regarded by some as the best text of the epic. As well as the text of the Iliad, Venetus A preserves several layers of annotations, glosses, and commentaries known as the "A scholia", and a summary of the early Greek Epic Cycle which is by far the most important source of information on those lost poems.
Matsuyama Rocks
The Matsuyama Rocks (66°40′S 66°35′W﻿ / ﻿66.667°S 66.583°W﻿ / -66.667; -66.583) are a small group of rocks close off the west side of Stefan Ice Piedmont, Graham Land, Antarctica. They are located towards the western end of Crystal Sound. They were mapped from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57), and were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Motonori Matsuyama, Professor of Geology and Geophysics at Kyoto University, Japan, who made laboratory studies of the crystal forms of ice.

Crystal Sound
Crystal Sound (66°23′S 66°30′W﻿ / ﻿66.383°S 66.500°W﻿ / -66.383; -66.500) is a sound in Antarctica between the southern part of the Biscoe Islands and the coast of Graham Land, with northern limit Cape Evensen to Cape Leblond and southern limit Holdfast Point, Roux Island, Liard Island and the Sillard Islands. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960 because many features in the sound are named for men who have undertaken research on the structure of ice crystals. 
To the north of Crystal Sound, many geographical features are named after physiologists.
Harry Bowcott
Henry Morgan Bowcott (30 April 1907 – 14 December 2004) was a Welsh international rugby union centre who played club rugby for Cardiff and London Welsh and later became president of the Welsh Rugby Union.

Welsh Rugby Union
The Welsh Rugby Union (WRU; Welsh: Undeb Rygbi Cymru) is the governing body of rugby union in the country of Wales, recognised by the sport's international governing body, World Rugby.

The WRU is responsible for the running of rugby in Wales, overseeing 320 member clubs, the Welsh national team and National Leagues and Cups. The WRU is headed by the President (Terry Cobner), chairman (Richard Collier-Keywood) and CEO (Abi Tierney).
Graiseley Electric Vehicles
Graiseley Electric Vehicles were produced by the British company Diamond Motors Ltd of Wolverhampton. They had previously made motor cycles, but began producing battery-electric road vehicles (BERV) in the mid 1930s. They were best known for their three-wheeled pedestrian controlled vehicles, although they also produced conventional four-wheeled milk floats, and later manufactured industrial trucks. The company went into liquidation in the early 1960s, although the marque was used by two other companies until at least 1972.

Milk float
A milk float is a vehicle specifically designed for the delivery of fresh milk. Today, milk floats are usually battery electric vehicles, but they were formerly horse-drawn floats. They were once common in many European countries, particularly the United Kingdom, and were operated by local dairies. However, in recent years, as the number of supermarkets, small independent grocers and petrol stations, and convenience stores stocking fresh milk has increased, many people have switched from regular home delivery to obtaining fresh milk from these other sources.
Altheimer Unified School District
Altheimer Unified School District No. 22, previously the Altheimer-Sherrill School District, was a school district headquartered in Altheimer, Arkansas. It served Altheimer, Sherrill, Wabbaseka, and other portions of Jefferson County, including the unincorporated areas of Lake Dick, New Gascony, Pastoria, Plum Bayou, Sweden, Tucker, and Wright. The district in the 1993–2006 period had 333 square miles (860 km2) of territory.

In its final years the district operated two schools: Martin Elementary School and Altheimer-Sherrill High School. In the pre-desegregation era white students attended Altheimer High School and black students attended Altheimer Training School. In 2006 it merged into the Dollarway School District, which in turn merged into the Pine Bluff School District in 2021.

Wright, Arkansas
Wright is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States. Wright is located on Arkansas Highway 256, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west-northwest of Sherrill. Wright has a post office with ZIP code 72182.
10/31 (film)
10/31 is a 2017 American anthology horror film consisting of five Halloween-themed short stories directed by Justin M. Seaman, Zane Hershberger, John William Holt, Brett DeJager, and Rocky Gray, along with a wraparound story directed by Hunter Johnson. The film is executive produced by P. J. Starks.

10/31 premiered at the Death By Festival in Austin, Texas, on October 28, 2017.

It was followed by three sequels, 10/31 Part 2 in 2019, 10/31 Part 3 in 2022 and 10/31 Part 4 in 2024.

P.J. Starks
P.J. Starks (born March 25, 1982) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and editor. He is known for producing the 2015 anthology film Volumes of Blood, its 2016 sequel Volumes of Blood: Horror Stories, and the 2017 film 10/31. He is producing the upcoming films 13 Slays Till X-Mas and Cryptids.
Blyat (album)
Blyat is the third studio album by German rapper Capital Bra, released on 29 September 2017 via Auf!Keinen!Fall!.

The album produced six singles, including "Nur noch Gucci", "Ghetto Massari", "Olé olé", "Kuku Sls", "Wer hoch fliegt fällt tief" and "Zweistellige Haftstrafen" of which five received music videos. Capital Bra promoted the album with a limited box set. Blyat debuted on number three in Germany, Austria and five in Switzerland.

Capital Bra
Vladislav Balovatsky (Ukrainian: Владислав Баловацький; born 23 November 1994), known professionally as Capital Bra (German pronunciation: [kapiˈtaːl ˈbʁa]), is a German rapper.

Born in a small town in Siberia, Russia and raised in Dnipro, Ukraine, he and his mother moved to Berlin, Germany in the early 2000s. He started rapping at the age of 11 and participated at Rap am Mittwoch in 2014, a German battle rap tournament. Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, Capital Bra released his first studio album Kuku Bra in January 2016 to minor commercial success in Germany. The follow-ups Makarov Complex and Blyat were released in February and September 2017 and peaked in the top 5 of German-speaking Europe. His fourth studio album, Berlin lebt (2018), peaked at number one in Germany, Austria and Switzerland and the follow-up Allein (2018), debuted at number two on the German album charts. Balovatsky is the most successful charting German act, with 22 number-one songs in Germany.
Citadis Spirit
The Citadis Spirit is a low-floor articulated light rail vehicle originally developed by Alstom for Ottawa's O-Train. It is marketed as part of its Citadis family, which includes other models of light rail vehicles, and is based on the Citadis Dualis, and, like the Dualis, with pivoting bogies.

The Citadis Spirit is designed for both city-centre and suburban operation. It is designed with suspended articulations, similar to most North American low-floor LRVs. The vehicle can be used for both street-running allowing boarding from street or curb, and high-speed travel up to 105 km/h (65 mph).

The first order for the Citadis Spirit came from the City of Ottawa government for use on the new Confederation Line opened in September 2019. The second order came from the Government of Ontario's Metrolinx transit agency for Line 6 of the Toronto subway, which opened in 2025.

Toronto subway
The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. It is operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), an agency of the City of Toronto. The system is a rail network consisting of five lines: Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, Line 4 Sheppard, Line 5 Eglinton, and Line 6 Finch West.

In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway" and now part of Line 1, under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2026, the network encompasses 109 stations and 99.4 kilometres (61.8 mi) of route. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 331,789,000, or about 1,079,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025, making it the busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of daily ridership. As of February 2026, there are 21 stations under construction as part of one new line (the Ontario Line) and two extensions to existing lines.