hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nir Oz
Nir Oz (Hebrew: נִיר עֹז,, lit. 'Meadow of Strength') is a kibbutz in southern Israel. It is located in the northwestern Negev desert between Magen and Nirim, and covers 20,000 dunams. Nir Oz is under the jurisdiction of Eshkol Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 421. The kibbutz developed a low-water intensity landscape, greening its relative region.

The Palestinian militant group Hamas invaded the kibbutz early on 7 October 2023, resulting in a massacre in which about one-quarter of Nir Oz's residents were killed or taken hostage.

Nir Oz attack
On 7 October 2023, as part of the surprise attack on Israel, Palestinian militants from the Gaza Strip, led by Hamas, invaded the Nir Oz kibbutz in southern Israel. They killed scores of kibbutz residents, burned homes, and abducted civilians. Over 500 Palestinian militants and civilian looters participated in the massacre. A total of 47 people were killed and 76 taken hostage in the attack.
Mała Wieś Górna
Mała Wieś Górna [ˈmawa ˈvjɛɕ ˈɡurna] (Upper Sorbian: Mała Wjes Górna) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulików, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.

Gmina Sulików
Gmina Sulików is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, on the Czech border. Its seat is the village of Sulików, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Zgorzelec, and 138 kilometres (86 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 95.22 square kilometres (36.8 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,052.
Stripe 82
Stripe 82 is a 300 deg2 equatorial field of sky that was imaged multiple times by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey from 2000 to 2008. It approximately covers the region with right ascension from 20:00h to 4:00h and declination from -1.26° to +1.26°.

Stripe 82 has also been observed using many other telescopes and instruments, a list of which is given below.

Sloan Digital Sky Survey
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a major multi-spectral imaging and spectroscopic redshift survey using a dedicated 2.5-m wide-angle optical telescope at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States. The project began in 2000 and was named after the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, which contributed significant funding.

A consortium of the University of Washington and Princeton University was established to conduct a redshift survey. The Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) was established in 1984 with the additional participation of New Mexico State University and Washington State University to manage activities at Apache Point. In 1991, the Sloan Foundation granted the ARC funding for survey efforts and the construction of equipment to carry out the work.
Gabriel Bounin
Gabriel Bounin (1520 in Chateauroux - 1604) was a French writer and dramaturgist of the 16th century. He was a lawyer of Châteauroux in Berry. In 1561, Gabriel Bounin published La Soltane, a tragedy highlighting the role of Roxelane (with no reliable sources or proof) in the execution of Şehzade Mustafa, the elder son of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. In defiance of the rules of the Pléiade, La Soltane was a play about a contemporary event, rather than a Classical one. This tragedy marks the first time the Ottomans were introduced on stage in France.

Şehzade Mustafa
Şehzade Mustafa (Ottoman Turkish: شهزاده مصطفى; c.1516/1517 – 6 October 1553) was an Ottoman prince, son of sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his concubine Mahidevran Hatun. He was Suleiman's oldest survived son, governor of Manisa from 1533 to 1541 and of Amasya from 1541 to 1553, when he was executed by his father's order on charges of sedition and treason.
Kawai Q-80
The Kawai Q-80 by  Kawai Musical Instruments in 1989, is a music sequencer that has a built in 2DD floppy disk drive for storage. It allows playback, editing, and recording via its MIDI connections. There is a battery backup to hold the configuration when the unit is powered down. The tempo can be set from 40-250 beats per minute.

Kawai Musical Instruments
Kawai Musical Instruments Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (株式会社河合楽器製作所, Kabushiki-gaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho; TYO: 7952) is a musical instrument manufacturing company headquartered in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. It is best known for its grand pianos, upright pianos, digital pianos, electronic keyboards and electronic synthesizers. The company was founded in August 1927.
Cesare Beccaria
Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare bekkaˈriːa, ˈtʃɛː-]; 15 March 1738 – 28 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist, and politician who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the classical school of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice.

According to John Bessler, Beccaria's works had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Classical school (criminology)
In criminology, the classical school usually refers to the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment by the utilitarian and social-contract philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and indirectly through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal," in the causes of criminal behavior.  The classical school of thought was premised on the idea that people have free will in making decisions, and that punishment can be a deterrent for crime, so long as the punishment is proportional, fits the crime, and is carried out promptly.
Super Collider (album)
Super Collider is the fourteenth studio album by American heavy metal band Megadeth. It was released on June 4, 2013, and is Megadeth's first album to be released on Tradecraft, a Universal label created for frontman Dave Mustaine. In the U.S., a special edition of the album was made available exclusively through Best Buy retailers. The album features a guest appearance from Disturbed vocalist David Draiman. At the time of its release, Super Collider marked the first time the band had released an album with the same lineup as its predecessor since 1997's Cryptic Writings. It is the band's final album to feature drummer Shawn Drover and guitarist Chris Broderick who both departed in November 2014.

The album received mixed reviews from critics and, as of August 2014, has a Metacritic rating of 41/100. It debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 86,000 copies in the United States as of December 2015.

Shawn Drover
Shawn Drover (born May 5, 1966) is a Canadian drummer, best known for his work with the American heavy metal band Megadeth. He uses Sabian cymbals and Yamaha drums, Pro-mark drum sticks, Toca Percussion, Evans Drumheads and Extreme Isolation headphones.
Ralph Adams Cram
Ralph Adams Cram (December 16, 1863 – September 22, 1942) was a prolific and influential American architect of collegiate and ecclesiastical buildings, often in the Gothic Revival style. Cram & Ferguson and Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson are partnerships in which he worked. Cram was a fellow of the American Institute of Architects.

Glens Falls, New York
Glens Falls is a city in Warren County, New York, United States and is the central city of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,830 at the 2020 census. The name was given by Colonel Johannes Glen, the falls referring to a large waterfall in the Hudson River at the southern end of the city.

Glens Falls is a city in the southeastern corner of Warren County, surrounded by the town of Queensbury to the north, east, and west, and by the Hudson River and Saratoga County to the south. Glens Falls is known as "Hometown U.S.A.", a title Look magazine gave it in 1944. The city has also referred to itself as the "Empire City."
Wisconsin–River Falls Falcons football
The Wisconsin–River Falls Falcons football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of Wisconsin–River Falls located in River Falls, Wisconsin. The team competes at the NCAA Division III level and is a member of the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WIAC).  The school first fielded a football team in 1895. The Falcons wear red, white, and black. Ramer Field, where the Falcons play their home games, was the host of the Kansas City Chiefs' training camp from 1992 to 2008.

University of Wisconsin–River Falls
The University of Wisconsin–River Falls (UW–River Falls or UWRF) is a public university in River Falls, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the University of Wisconsin System. The 226-acre (91 ha) campus is on the Kinnickinnic River in the St. Croix River Valley. The university has 32 major buildings and two laboratory farms, with a total of 303 acres (123 ha) of land.

In 2024–25, UWRF had an enrollment of 5,222 students in more than 70 areas of study. UWRF is a member of the American Council of Education Internationalization Laboratory and provides several global studies and study abroad programs. The university also hosts the St. Croix Institute for Sustainable Community Development.
Antonin, Sieradz County
Antonin (Polish pronunciation: [anˈtɔɲin]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Burzenin, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-east of Burzenin, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Sieradz, and 56 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Burzenin
Gmina Burzenin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Burzenin, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of Sieradz and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 118.96 square kilometres (45.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,665.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Warta-Widawka Landscape Park.
St. James, Minnesota
St. James or Saint James is a city in and the county seat of Watonwan County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,793 at the 2020 census.

Minnesota State Highways 4, 30, and 60 are three of the main routes in the city.

Winfield Scott Hammond
Winfield Scott Hammond (November 17, 1863 – December 30, 1915) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the last governor from Minnesota to have been a member of the Minnesota Democratic Party before it merged with the Farmer-Labor Party to form the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.
The Voorman Problem
The Voorman Problem is a 2011 British short film directed by Mark Gill, who also co-wrote the screenplay and edited the film with producer Baldwin Li, who also wrote the score. It is adapted from "Panopticon", a film within a story from the 2001 novel number9dream by David Mitchell, with Martin Freeman starring as a prison psychiatrist, and Tom Hollander as his patient.

The film premiered at the 2011 Warsaw Film Festival. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Short Film.

David Mitchell (author)
David Stephen Mitchell (born 12 January 1969) is an English novelist, screenwriter, and translator.

He has written nine novels, two of which, number9dream (2001) and Cloud Atlas (2004), were shortlisted for the Booker Prize. He has also written articles for several newspapers, most notably for The Guardian. He has translated books about autism from Japanese to English.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2013.
Walter Kaminsky
Walter Kaminsky (7 May 1941 – 23 November 2024) was a German chemist who specialised in olefin polymerization and plastic recycling. He discovered the high activity of Group 4 metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) mixtures (later named the Kaminsky catalyst) as catalysts for olefin polymerization in 1980.

Methylaluminoxane
Methylaluminoxane, commonly called MAO, is a mixture of organoaluminium compounds with the approximate formula (Al(CH3)O)n. It is usually encountered as a solution in (aromatic) solvents, commonly toluene but also xylene, cumene, or mesitylene, Used in large excess, it activates precatalysts for alkene polymerization.
ʻĀhualoa
20°04′N 155°29′W﻿ / ﻿20.06°N 155.48°W﻿ / 20.06; -155.48

ʻĀhualoa is an unincorporated rural area along the Hāmākua Coast on the Island of Hawaiʻi in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States.  The Hawaiian language name is believed to mean "long mound", where ʻāhua means to swell, as a wave, heap, or mound, and loa means long.

Hāmākua
Hāmākua is a district on the northeast coast of Hawaiʻi's Big Island, administered by the County of Hawaiʻi in the state of Hawaiʻi. It is also the name given for the coastline in the region, the "Hāmākua Coast".
A Fortress of Grey Ice
A Fortress of Grey Ice is a fantasy novel by British writer J. V. Jones, the second book in the Sword of Shadows series. It follows A Cavern of Black Ice and is followed by A Sword from Red Ice and Watcher of the Dead.

The novel focuses on multiple characters and plotlines. One of the large ones is Raif, who becomes disenchanted with his position in life. Abandoned by friends, feeling he has nothing, he goes wandering, only to join up with a new group called the Maimed Men.

A Sword from Red Ice
A Sword from Red Ice is the third book in the Sword of Shadows fantasy series by J. V. Jones. The first two books in the series are A Cavern of Black Ice and A Fortress of Grey Ice.  It was published in the United States and the United Kingdom on October 16, 2007.
Night of the Crime
Night of the Crime is the second album by American rock band Icon. It was far more polished than their self-titled debut and forayed into areas of glam only previously alluded to on their debut. It was produced and engineered by Eddie Kramer.

Around 30 songs were demoed for the album, and Kramer's version included one more finished track, "Hang Tough" (later covered by Pretty Maids). Ron Nevison mixed the album and "Hang Tough" did not make it to the final release. The band collaborated with Bob Halligan Jr. to complete three of their own songs and recorded three more that he wrote.

The album has, like the debut, been remastered and re-released several times on CD. Night of the Crime was voted third best AOR album of all time by Kerrang! magazine readers in 1988, behind multimillion-selling classic albums by Journey and Michael Bolton.

Icon (band)
Icon is an American rock band that formed in 1979 and initially disbanded in 1990, but later reformed in 2008. As of 2024, Icon currently consists of all five members of the classic lineup: Dan Wexler (guitar), Stephen Clifford (lead vocals), John Aquilino (guitar), Tracy Wallach (bass) and Pat Dixon (drums).
Fred Cortes
Fred Cortes (October 21, 1921 – May 24, 1964) was a Filipino actor who was a favorite leading man of Lvn Pictures before World War II.

Cortes film debut was under Lvn Pictures Nag-iisang Sangla. His second movie team-up was with another Lvn star Mila del Sol for Angelita.

He made one movie under Excelsior Pictures with Arsenia Francisco, a love story movie Babalik ka Rin aka You Will Come back.

In 1941 he made Ibong Adarna with Mila, in 1942 Niña Bonita again with Mila and 1943's Tia Juana.

His comeback role was in 1950's His Darkest Hour under Lebran Pictures.

Osburn was once married to actress Anita Linda but they separated 2 years later in their marriage. He had a son named Fred Cortes Jr. who is also an actor. He died at the age of 42 in 1964 after a brief illness.

Mila del Sol
Mila del Sol (born Clarita Villarba Rivera; 12 May 1923 – 10 November 2020) was a Filipino actress and entrepreneur. She began her career in the late 1930s and became one of the biggest box office draws of the 1940s, noted for her performances in Giliw Ko (1939), Prinsesa ng Kumintang (1940), Sawing Gantimpala (1940), Ararong Ginto (1941), Villa Hermosa (1941), Ibong Adarna (1941), and Rosa Linda (1941). She appeared in fewer film and television productions from 1953 until 2010 and founded the Superior Maintenance Service in 1964, which became one of the biggest janitorial and professional cleaning service firms in the Philippines. Her accolades include the Lifetime Achievement Awards from Gawad Urian and Metro Manila Film Festival.
Y. Balaretnarajah
Major General Y. Balaretnarajah, VSV, USP, ndc (22 July 1939 – 29 May 2022) was a Sri Lankan army officer. He had served as Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army, Commandant of the Volunteer Force and Commander - Jaffna Security Forces. He has commanded the 1 Division, Armoured Brigade, 21 Brigade and 24 Brigade.

Commandant of the Volunteer Force
Commandant Sri Lanka Army Volunteer Force (SLAVF) has been the title of the head of the Sri Lanka Army Volunteer Force. The post is held by a regular officer of the rank of major general and is the fourth senior position in the army. Commandant is in charge of the Volunteer Force Headquarters and is assisted by a deputy commandant.
Pandoc
Pandoc is a free-software document converter, widely used as a writing tool (especially by scholars) and as a basis for publishing workflows. It was created by John MacFarlane, a philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

John MacFarlane (philosopher)
John MacFarlane is an American professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley interested in logic and metaphysics. He has made influential contributions to truth-value theory inferential semantics. In 2015, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also known for his contributions to open source software, especially the Pandoc document converter and other Markdown parsers and verifiers. MacFarlane was among the group of people that helped launch the CommonMark standardization effort for Markdown.
Nederland High School
Nederland High School is a public high school located in the city of Nederland, Texas.  It is part of the Nederland Independent School District which covers a portion of eastern Jefferson County, including all of Nederland and portions of Port Neches, Port Arthur, and Beaumont. In 2013, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Nederland, Texas
Nederland (/ˈniːdərlənd/ NEE-dər-lənd) is a city in Jefferson County, Texas, United States. The population was 18,856 at the 2020 census.

The city was settled in 1897 along what became Boston Avenue and was incorporated in 1940. It was settled by Dutch immigrants on land sold by the Kansas City Southern Railway. It is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area. Nederland is also a part of an area known as "the Golden Triangle", which comprises Beaumont, Port Arthur, and Orange. The city is adjacent to the Jack Brooks Regional Airport.
Odessa, Saskatchewan
Odessa (2016 population: 205) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Francis No. 127 and Census Division No. 6. The community is located 60 km southeast of the city of Regina on Highway 48.

Saskatchewan Highway 48
Highway 48 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The highway runs from the Trans-Canada Highway at White City east to the Manitoba — Saskatchewan border. It is about 238 kilometres (148 mi) long. Highway 48 was originally numbered as Highway 16 until the mid-1970s.
Manvini Bhavai (film)
Manvini Bhavai is a 1993 Gujarati film directed Upendra Trivedi, starring Upendra Trivedi and Anuradha Patel in lead role. The film was produced by Upendra Trivedi and Aashish Trivedi. Based on an eponymous novel written by Indian writer Pannalal Patel, the film tells a love story of Kalu (Trivedi) and Raju (Patel), with a backdrop of rural setting of north Gujarat.

Manvini Bhavai
Manvi Ni Bhavai (English: Endurance: A Droll Saga) is a 1947 Gujarati novel written by Pannalal Patel. It is set in the period of the Indian famine of 1899–1900, locally known as the Chhappaniyo Dukal (The Famine of Samvat 1956) in Gujarat. The novel centres around the love story of Kalu and Raju as well as the difficult and often tragic life of farmers during the famine. It was translated into English by V. Y Kantak in 1995. It was adapted into a Gujarati film scene in 1993.
Aksel Vartanyan
Aksel Tatevosovich Vartanyan (Russian: Аксель Татевосович Вартанян; born January 8, 1938) is a Soviet and Russian journalist and sports historian from Tbilisi.

Vartanyan graduated from the Historical-Philological Department of the Tbilisi Pedagogical Institute. Since 1962, he has worked full-time as a school teacher.

He is best known as a journalist for the Football weekly and the newspaper Sport Express, as well as for his research in archives and other written stock-piles that accumulated since the inception of domestic club football.

Sport Express
Sport-Express (Russian: Спорт-Экспресс) is a Russian daily sports newspaper founded by Vladimir Kuchmiy. Printed in 31 cities of Russia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and the United States, it is the biggest-selling sports newspaper in Russia, with the daily audience of over 700,000 people.

Sport-Express was founded in 1991. It is a part of the European Sports Media.
Gordius of Cappadocia
Gordius (in Greek Γoρδιoς), a Cappadocian by birth, was a friend and instrument of Mithridates Eupator (120–63 BC), king of Pontus, in his attempts to annex Cappadocia to Pontus. Gordius was employed by him, in 116 BC, to murder Ariarathes VI, king of Cappadocia.  Gordius was afterwards tutor of a son of Mithridates, whom, after the murder of Ariarathes VII he made king of Cappadocia as Ariarathes IX. Gordius was sent as the envoy of Mithridates to Rome, and afterwards employed by him to engage Tigranes, king of Armenia, to attack Cappadocia, and expel Ariobarzanes I, whom the Romans made king of that country in 93 BC. Sulla restored Ariobarzanes in the following year, and drove Gordius out of Cappadocia. Gordius opposed Lucius Licinius Murena in the Battle of Halys, 82 BC.

Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia
Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator (Ancient Greek: Ἀριαράθης Ἐπιφανής Φιλοπάτωρ), was the Ariarathid king of Cappadocia from 130 BC to 116 BC. He was the youngest son of Ariarathes V of Cappadocia and Nysa of Cappadocia.
Wimbledon College
Wimbledon College is a government-maintained, voluntary-aided, Jesuit Catholic secondary school and sixth form for boys aged 11 to 19 in Wimbledon, London.

The college was founded in 1892 "for improvement in living and learning for the greater glory of God and the common good." It is affiliated with the Sacred Heart Church and Donhead Preparatory School, its former feeder preparatory school. It is also affiliated with the Ursuline High School, the college's sister school, who have worked in partnership since 1986.

Gerald Robert O'Sullivan
Gerald Robert O'Sullivan VC (Irish: Gearóid Roibeard Ó Súilleabháin; 8 November 1888–21 August 1915) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Samuel H. Turner
Samuel Hulbert Turner (Philadelphia, 1790–1861) was an American Hebraist. He was professor of the Hebrew Language and Literature at the General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church in New York City from 1830. He was tutor and mentor to Joseph Schereschewsky, later Anglican Bishop of Shanghai.

Samuel Isaac Joseph Schereschewsky
Samuel Isaac Joseph Schereschewsky (pronounced skĕr-ĕs-kūs'kĭ Chinese: 施約瑟; 6 May 1831 – 15 October 1906), also known as Joseph Schereschewsky, was the Anglican Bishop of Shanghai, China, from 1877 to 1884. He founded St. John's University, Shanghai, in 1879.