hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italian Gothic architecture
Italian Gothic architecture (also called temperate Gothic architecture), has characteristics that distinguish it considerably from those of the place of origin of Gothic architecture, France, and from other European countries in which this language has spread (the United Kingdom, Germany and Spain).

Italian architects preferred to keep the traditional construction methods established in the previous centuries, and architectural solutions and technical innovations of French Gothic architecture were seldom used. A soaring height was less important than in Northern Europe. Brick, rather than stone, was in many areas the most common building material, and marble was widely used for decoration. In the 15th century, when the Gothic style dominated both Northern Europe and the Italian Peninsula, Northern Italy became the birthplace of Renaissance architecture.

Palazzo Vecchio
The Palazzo Vecchio (Italian: [paˈlattso ˈvɛkkjo]; Italian for 'Old Palace') is the town hall of Florence, Italy. It overlooks the Piazza della Signoria, which holds a copy of Michelangelo's David statue, and the gallery of statues in the adjacent Loggia dei Lanzi.

Originally called the Palazzo della Signoria, after the Signoria of Florence, the ruling body of the Republic of Florence, this building was also known by several other names: Palazzo del Popolo, Palazzo dei Priori, and Palazzo Ducale, in accordance with the varying use of the palace during its long history. The building acquired its current name when the Medici duke's residence was moved across the Arno River to the Palazzo Pitti.
Kentmere
Kentmere is a valley, village and civil parish in the Lake District National Park, a few miles from Kendal in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. Historically in Westmorland, at the 2011 census Kentmere had a population of 159. The current lord of the manor is American philanthropist Terry A. Perkins.

Bernard Gilpin
Bernard Gilpin (1517 – 4 March 1583), was an Oxford theologian and then an influential clergyman in the emerging Church of England spanning the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Jane, Mary and Elizabeth I.  He was known as the 'Apostle of the North' for his work in the wilds of northern England.

His theological position was not in accord with any of the religious parties of his age. He initially backed transubstantiation at Oxford under Henry, but was not satisfied with the Elizabethan settlement, had great respect for the Church Fathers, and was with difficulty induced to subscribe in 1571.

The views of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York on the Eucharist horrified him; but on the other hand the Puritans had some hope of his support and he maintained friendly relations with the Protestant Thomas Lever and James Pilkington (Bishop of Durham from 1561) and Thomas Lever.
Nodar Kancheli
Nodar Vakhtangovich Kancheli (Russian: Нода́р Вахта́нгович Канче́ли; 21 April 1938 – 26 June 2015) was a Russian architect. He is known for being the designer of two buildings that collapsed, causing fatalities. The buildings, located in Moscow, were Transvaal Park water park in Yasenevo (built in 2002, collapsed in 2004) and Basmanny Market (built in 1977, collapsed in 2006). The collapse of these structures caused the deaths of at least 89 people.

Kancheli also co-designed the Druzhba Sanatorium with Igor Vasilevsky.

Basmanny market roof collapse
Basmanny market (known as Baumansky market until 1994) was a market in the Basmanny area of Moscow, located on Baumanskaya Street. The market operated from 1975 until 2006 when the roof of the market collapsed, the collapse and resulting fire caused the deaths of at least 65 people and according to some sources as many as 68.
Beatrice Fenton
Beatrice Fenton (July 12, 1887 – February 11, 1983) was an American sculptor and a member of the Philadelphia Ten and the Plastic Club. She won the George D. Widener Memorial gold medal in 1922, and awards for her work at the Pan-Pacific Exposition of San Francisco in 1919, the Sesquicentennial Exposition in 1926, and the Art Club of Philadelphia in 1929.

She exhibited at major venues including the National Sculpture Society in 1929, the art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics, the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1936, the 1939 New York World's Fair, the Art Institute of Chicago, the National Academy of Design, and the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 1976. She taught sculpture at Moore College of Art and Design in Philadelphia from 1942 to 1953.

Philadelphia Ten
The Philadelphia Ten, also known as The Ten, was a group of American female artists who exhibited together from 1917 to 1945. The group, eventually numbering 30 painters and sculptors, exhibited annually in Philadelphia and later had traveling exhibitions at museums throughout the East Coast and the Midwest.
Andrew Robinson (water polo)
Andrew Robinson (born January 6, 1988) is a male water polo player from Canada. He was a member of the Canada men's national water polo team, that claimed the bronze medal at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Playing as a holechecker Robinson played in his first international competition at the 2006 Junior Pan American Championship in Montreal. He studied business at the University of Calgary. His sister Christine plays for the national women's water polo team.

Canada men's national water polo team
The Canada men's national water polo team represents Canada in international men's water polo competitions and friendly matches. The team is overseen by Water Polo Canada, a member of the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA). The team qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, PR China by finishing fourth at 2008 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Romania.
Željava Air Base
Željava Air Base, situated on the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Gola Plješevica mountain, near the city of Bihać, was the largest military air base and underground hangar in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and one of the largest in Europe. The facilities are shared by the local governments of Bihać in Bosnia and Lika-Senj County of Croatia.

Lička Plješivica
Plješevica (pronounced [pʎɛ̌ʃɛʋitsa]), also called Lička Plješivica (i.e., "Plješivica of Lika"), is a mountain located on the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, and is part of the Dinaric Alps.
Vashu Bhagnani
Vashu Bhagnani is an Indian film producer from Mumbai, India who works in Bollywood film industry.

He launched Puja Entertainment India Ltd. in 1995 with the movie Coolie No. 1 His films include Coolie No. 1 (1995), Hero No. 1 (1997), Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998), Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai (2001), Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein (2001), Om Jai Jagadish (2002), Jeena Sirf Merre Liye (2002) and Shaadi No. 1 (2005). His recent ventures are Mission Raniganj (2023), Ganpath (2023), Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (2024).

Mission Raniganj
Mission Raniganj: The Great Bharat Rescue is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language disaster thriller film directed by Tinu Suresh Desai and produced by Pooja Entertainment. Based on the Raniganj Coalfields collapse of 1989 in West Bengal, the film stars Akshay Kumar and Parineeti Chopra. Mission Raniganj is based on Jaswant Singh Gill, a brave and diligent mining engineer from IIT Dhanbad who rescued 65 trapped miners at the Raniganj Coalfields in 1989.

Principal photography took place from July 2022 to August 2023 in the United Kingdom, Raniganj, Jharkhand and Mumbai. The film was theatrically released on 6 October 2023. It received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office flop.
USS Mullinnix
USS Mullinnix (DD-944) was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer of the United States Navy. She was named for Admiral Henry M. Mullinnix USN (1892–1943), who was killed in action during World War II, when the aircraft carrier USS Liscome Bay was torpedoed by the Japanese submarine I-175 and sank southwest of Butaritari Island on 24 November 1943.

Mullinnix was built by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation's Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, and launched by Mrs. Kathryn F. Mullinnix.

Mullinnix conducted patrol duty in the Caribbean during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, participated in the Gemini program recovery operations in March 1966, and served as plane guard for aircraft carriers on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf, participated in Sea Dragon operations, patrolled on search and rescue duties, and carried out naval gunfire support missions during the Vietnam War.

Mullinix and her sister ship Edson appeared in The Twilight Zone episode "The Thirty-Fathom Grave."

Henry M. Mullinnix
Henry Maston Mullinnix (July 4, 1892 – November 24, 1943) was a  United States Navy aviator and admiral who served in World War I and World War II. Mullinnix was killed in action while commanding a Navy escort carrier division and task force group when his flagship, the escort carrier USS Liscome Bay (CVE-56), was sunk by a Japanese submarine near the Gilbert Islands during World War II. He was the fourth of five US Navy admirals killed in battle during WWII, including: Isaac C. Kidd (1941, Attack on Pearl Harbor); Norman Scott and Daniel J. Callaghan (same day, 1942, Naval Battle of Guadalcanal); and Theodore E. Chandler (1945, invasion of Lingayen Gulf).
Together for Tolerance
Together for Tolerance (Serbian: Заједно за толеранцију, romanized: Zajedno za toleranciju) was a political coalition in Serbia. At the 2003 legislative elections in Serbia, held on December 28, 2003, the alliance won 4.2% of the popular vote, but no seats in the parliament. The alliance was formed by the League of Vojvodina Social Democrats, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, the Sandžak Democratic Party, and the League for Šumadija.

The alliance was disbanded after the elections. Later, the League of Vojvodina Social Democrats, together with several other regionalist political parties from Vojvodina province, formed a new alliance named Together for Vojvodina.

League for Šumadija
The League for Šumadija (Serbian: Лига за Шумадију, romanized: Liga za Šumadiju; abbr. ЛЗШ or LZŠ), also known as the Šumadija Coalition, was a regionalist political party in the Šumadija region of Serbia in the late 1990s and 2000s. The party was one of the constituent members of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (Demokratska opozicija Srbije, DOS) from 2000 to 2003. Its leader, Branislav Kovačević, was a member of the National Assembly of Serbia from 2001 to 2004 and served on the DOS presidency.
Ellen Powell Tiberino
Ellen Powell Tiberino (1937–1992) was an African American visual artist, who was figurative and expressionist in her pastels, oils, pencil drawings and sculptures. Her works were infused with the experiences and history of Black people, women in particular, whom she most often painted in dark and haunting hues. She was a prolific artist, working against time as she battled cancer for the last 14 years of her life.

Roland Ayers
Roland Ayers (1932–2014) was an African American watercolorist and printmaker. He is better known for his intricate drawings – black-ink figures of humans and nature intertwined in a dream-like state against a neutral backdrop. A poet and lover of jazz and books, he expressed his poetry through images rather than words, he often noted, and considered his artwork to be poetry.
Frank Neale
Frank Neale, AFC (14 September 1895 – 24 December 1979) was a British-born Australian aviator. Born in England, he served in the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force during the First World War, then moved to Australia in the mid-1920s to continue a notable career as a pioneer aviator. From 1925 until 1939 he flew thousands of hours covering most of Australia, and ventured overseas a number of times. At the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the Royal Australian Air Force Reserve, rising to wing commander and being awarded the Air Force Cross prior to his discharge in 1946.

Lake Neale
Lake Neale (together with Lake Amadeus, Pitjantjatjara: Pantu ("salt lakes")) is a salt lake in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is on the north-western side of Lake Amadeus. The two lakes form part of a chain of salt lakes that stretches about 500 km (310 mi), from Lake Hopkins in the west to the Finke River in the east. This drainage basin is known as the Amadeus Basin. The lake is usually a dry salt pan, and only holds water for short periods after heavy rainfall. Lake Neale is on Aboriginal land, held in the Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust. The Haasts Bluff lands are nearby to the north.
Kleider machen Leute (Suder)
Kleider machen Leute is a 5-act German opera by Joseph Suder based on Gottfried Keller's 1874 novella of the same name set in Goldach, Switzerland. The opera was composed 1934 but not performed until June 10, 1964, at the Landestheater in Coburg. Suder had already started work on the opera when he discovered that Alexander Zemlinsky had already composed an opera on the same subject premiered in 1910.

Joseph Suder
Joseph Suder (12 December 1892 – 13 September 1980) was a German composer. His opera Kleider machen Leute was composed 1926–34 but not performed until 1964.

In 1952, Suder created the Symphony Orchestra of Oskar von Miller-Polytechnic in Munich, which was passed down to his son, Alexander L. Suder.
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2
Between 1911 and 1914, the Royal Aircraft Factory used the F.E.2 ("Farman Experimental 2") designation for three different aircraft that shared only a common "Farman" pusher biplane layout.

The third "F.E.2" type was operated as a day and night bomber and fighter by the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War. Along with the single-seat D.H.2 pusher biplane and the Nieuport 11, the F.E.2 was instrumental in ending the Fokker Scourge that had seen the German Air Service establish a measure of air superiority on the Western Front from the late summer of 1915 to the following spring.

Boulton & Paul Ltd
Boulton & Paul Ltd was a British general manufacturer from Norwich, England that became involved in aircraft manufacture.

Jeld Wen Inc. bought Boulton & Paul (along with another joinery company John Carr) from the Rugby Group plc in 1999 to form its British subsidiary.
124 Houston Street
124 Houston Street is a historic building in Savannah, Georgia, United States. Built by Isaiah Davenport, it is located in the northwestern trust lot of Greene Square and was built between 1814 and 1816. It is part of the Savannah Historic District.

The property formerly extended to the north, right up to East State Street, but it has since been shortened by about one quarter. Its dormer windows have also been removed.

Isaiah Davenport
Isaiah Davenport (November 3, 1784 – October 16, 1827) was an American master builder, prominent in the American city of Savannah, Georgia, during the early 19th century.

The first property Davenport constructed in Savannah was what is today known as Laura's Cottage, which was originally built at 122 Houston Street, in Greene Ward, between 1799 and 1808 but was moved to 416 East State Street in Columbia Square in 1969. His most notable work, however, was what became his home – the Isaiah Davenport House, built in 1820 in the northwest corner of Columbia Square.
Kurdistan Eyalet
Kurdistan Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت کردستان, romanized: Eyâlet-ı Kurdistan) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. It was the first time that the Ottoman Empire used the term "Kurdistan" to refer to an administrative unit rather than a geographical region. It was formed with the aim of establishing direct control over Ottoman Kurdistan, rather than politicizing it.

Ottoman Kurdistan
Ottoman Kurdistan were areas of Kurdistan controlled by the Ottoman Empire. At the peak of the Ottoman Empire, it controlled all of modern-day Turkish Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, and Syrian Kurdistan, as well as a small part of Iranian Kurdistan. The remainder of Iranian Kurdistan was known as Safavid Kurdistan and was ruled by the Safavid Empire. The Ottomans saw Kurdistan as an official region comprising settlements inhabited by Kurds, and included it many maps, although it was largely not an administrative division.
Vehicular homicide
Vehicular homicide is a crime that involves the death of a person other than the driver as a result of either criminally negligent or murderous operation of a motor vehicle.

In cases of criminal negligence, the defendant is commonly charged with unintentional vehicular manslaughter. Vehicular homicide is similar to the offense, in some countries, of "dangerous driving causing death".

The victim may be either a person not in the car with the offending motorist (such as a pedestrian, cyclist, or another motorist), or a passenger in the vehicle with the offender.

Criminal negligence
In criminal law, criminal negligence is an offence that involves a breach of an objective standard of behaviour expected of a defendant. It may be contrasted with strictly liable offences, which do not consider states of mind in determining criminal liability, or offenses that requires mens rea, a mental state of guilt.
Lagan, Sweden
Lagan is the second largest locality situated in Ljungby Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden, with 1,744 inhabitants in 2010. It is at an altitude of 139 meters (459 feet). It has got its name from the river Lagan, which passes nearby.

Lagan (Sweden)
The Lagan is one of four main westcoast rivers in south-western Sweden besides Göta älv. It is 244 kilometers and is one of the longest rivers in southern Sweden.

It starts in Tahesjön near Taberg in the municipality of Jönköping, flows through Vaggeryd, Värnamo and Ljungby and ends in the town of Mellbystrand in the municipality of Laholm. More specifically, it ends in the Bay of Laholm, a part of the strait of Kattegat.

People have been following the river from the coastal areas since the Viking Age and settling in its vicinity. Along Lagan was a trading route, the so-called Lagastigen ("the Lagan path"), which is now part of the road E4.

The straight middle and upper course of Lagan follows a branch of the Protogine Zone —a zone of crustal weakness in western Sweden.
Varnava Nastić
Varnava the New Confessor (Serbian: Варнава Нови Исповедник; 31 January 1914 – 12 November 1964) was the titular bishop of Hvosno and a saint of the Serbian Orthodox Church. His feast is October 30 on the Julian calendar. He is one of the American Saints along with Alexis Toth, Alexander Hotovitzky, Herman of Alaska, and Peter the Aleut.

Hvosno
Hvosno (Serbian Cyrillic: Хвосно, "thick wood") was a medieval Serbian county (Serbian: жупа / župa) located in the northern part of the Metohija region, in what is today Kosovo. It roughly encompassed the areas of the modern Istog and Peja municipalities. It was surrounded by the counties of Jelci to the north; Budimlja and Plav to the west; Zatrnava to the south; Drškovina and Podrimlje to the east and southeast.
John Hodge (screenwriter)
John Hodge (born 1964) is a Scottish screenwriter and dramatist from Glasgow, who adapted Irvine Welsh's novel Trainspotting into the script for the film of the same title. His first play Collaborators won the 2012 Olivier Award for Best New Play. His films include Shallow Grave (1994), Trainspotting (1996) A Life Less Ordinary (1997), The Beach (2000), The Final Curtain (2002), and the short film Alien Love Triangle (2002).

Trainspotting (novel)
Trainspotting is the first novel by Scottish writer Irvine Welsh, first published in 1993.  It is written in Scots and Scottish English, revolving around various residents of Leith, Edinburgh, who either use heroin, are friends of the core group of heroin users, or engage in destructive activities that are effectively addictions. The novel is set in the late 1980s and has been described by The Sunday Times as "the voice of punk, grown up, grown wiser and grown eloquent". The title is an ironic reference to the characters’ frequenting of the disused Leith Central railway station.

The novel has since achieved a cult status and was the basis for the film Trainspotting (1996), directed by Danny Boyle. Three sequels, Porno, Dead Men's Trousers, and Men in Love, were published in 2002, 2018, and 2025 respectively. A prequel, Skagboys, was published in 2012.
Arctic exploration
Arctic exploration is the physical exploration of the Arctic region of the Earth. It refers to the historical period during which mankind has explored the region north of the Arctic Circle. Historical records suggest that humankind have explored the northern extremes since 325 BC, when the ancient Greek sailor Pytheas reached a frozen sea while attempting to find a source of the metal tin. Dangerous oceans and poor weather conditions often fetter explorers attempting to reach polar regions, and journeying through these perils by sight, boat, and foot has proven difficult.

Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer, born 1790)
Sir William Edward Parry FRS (19 December 1790 – 8 July 1855) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer best known for his 1819–1820 expedition through the Parry Channel, probably the most successful in the long quest for the Northwest Passage, until it was finally negotiated by Roald Amundsen in 1906. In 1827, Parry attempted one of the earliest expeditions to the North Pole. He reached 82° 45' N, setting a record for human exploration Farthest North that stood for nearly five decades before being surpassed at 83° 20' N by Albert Hastings Markham in 1875.
Gregorio Allegri
Gregorio Allegri (c. 14 January 1582 – 17 February 1652) was an Italian Catholic priest and composer of the Roman School and brother of Domenico Allegri; he was also a singer. He was born and died in Rome. He is chiefly known for his Miserere for two choirs.

Roman School
In music history, the Roman School was a group of composers of predominantly church music, in Rome, during the 16th and 17th centuries, therefore spanning the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras. The term also refers to the music they produced. Many of the composers had a direct connection to the Vatican and the papal chapel, though they worked at several churches; stylistically they are often contrasted with the Venetian School of composers, a concurrent movement which was much more progressive. By far the most famous composer of the Roman School is Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, whose name has been associated for four hundred years with smooth, clear, polyphonic perfection. However, there were other composers working in Rome, and in a variety of styles and forms.
Alfoz
Alfoz (Galician pronunciation: [alˈfɔθ]) is a municipality in the province of Lugo, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It is in the comarca of A Mariña Central. It borders the municipalities of Foz, Mondoñedo, Abadín and O Valadouro.

The population in 2008 was 2,133 people according to the municipal register of inhabitants. Alfoz is the antipodes of the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand.

Province of Lugo
The province of Lugo (Spanish: Provincia de Lugo, Galician: Provincia de Lugo) is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Galicia. It is bordered by the provinces of Ourense, Pontevedra, A Coruña, and León, the principality of Asturias, and in the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).

The population is 325,048, of which over a quarter live in the capital Lugo. The capital city was an ancient Celtic settlement named in honour of the god Lugh (see Lyon), later Latinised as Lucus Augusti, and which became one of the three main important Galician-Roman centres alongside Braccara Augusta and Asturica Augusta (modern Braga and Astorga respectively). The province has 67 municipalities.