hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emma Dunning Banks
Emma Dunning Banks (stage name Dorothy Crane; 1856–1931) was an American actress, dramatic reader, teacher, and writer. She received her education at the National School of Elocution and Oratory in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she graduated and earned major honors in 1883. Banks subsequently toured extensively, giving notable dramatic readings and producing comedies such as Engaged and Pygmalion and Galatea. As a writer, she was the author of Banks's Recitations with Lesson-Talks and contributed articles and original recitations to both U.S. and British periodicals.

National School of Elocution and Oratory
National School of Elocution and Oratory (later, Shoemaker School of Speech and Drama) was an American school for speech arts, focused on rhetoric and elocution. It was established by Jacob and Rachel H. Shoemaker in Philadelphia, 1873. Attention was given to conversation and oratory, vocal culture, reading, and recitation. It awarded Bachelor's and master's degrees. From 1915, their daughter, Dora Adele Shoemaker, served as principal, renaming the school "Shoemaker School of Speech and Drama" and adding coursework in journalism and radio technique. The school closed in the late 1930s.
Ngātoro-i-rangi
In Māori tradition, Ngātoro-i-rangi (Ngātoro) is the name of a tohunga (priest) prominent during the settling of New Zealand (Aotearoa) by the Māori people, who came from the traditional homeland Hawaiki on the Arawa canoe. He is the ancestor of Ngāti Tūwharetoa and his travels around Lake Taupō and up onto the Volcanic Plateau are the basis of Ngāti Tūwharetoa's claim to those regions.

Lake Taupō
Lake Taupō (also spelled Taupo; Māori: Taupō-nui-a-Tia or Taupōmoana) is a large crater lake in New Zealand's North Island, located in the caldera of Taupō Volcano.  The lake is the namesake of the town of Taupō, which sits on a bay in the lake's northeastern shore. With a surface area of 616 km2 (238 sq mi), it is the largest lake by surface area in New Zealand, and the second largest freshwater lake by surface area in geopolitical Oceania after Lake Murray in Papua New Guinea. Motutaiko Island lies in the southeastern area of the lake.
Breed the Killers
Breed the Killers is the third full-length studio album by the American metallic hardcore band Earth Crisis, released in 1998. It was their major label debut and only release for Roadrunner Records, before subsequently returning to Victory Records. The last song on the album "Ecocide" is a re-recording of a song from their first release, All Out War.

The record was re-released on November 4, 2008 in the United States (November 7 in Europe) by I Scream Records. The album was remastered and features two live bonus tracks.

Earth Crisis
Earth Crisis is an American metallic hardcore band from Syracuse, New York, active from 1989 until 2001, reuniting in 2007. Since 1993, the band's longest-tenured members include vocalist Karl Buechner, lead guitarist Scott Crouse, bassist Ian Edwards, and drummer Dennis Merrick. Their third and current rhythm guitarist Erick Edwards joined the band in 1998.

The band has released eight full-length studio albums and four studio EPs, among other releases. The band is known for supporting animal rights, promoting a straight edge and vegan lifestyle, and addressing further social and political issues. Earth Crisis is considered a crucial developer and influence for both the metalcore genre and vegan straight edge movement. Tom Connick of NME conferred the title of "the ultimate in vegan-straight edge hardcore" on Earth Crisis.
Bosnian–Ragusan war of 1403–1404
Bosnian–Ragusan War (1403–1404), sometimes called Second Bosnian–Ragusan War, was a military conflict fought between the Kingdom of Bosnia and the Republic of Ragusa between 1403 and 1404, which ended with a treaty signed officially in 1405. In 1403, Stephen Ostoja of Bosnia sided with King Ladislaus of Naples in his plights against the Hungarian King Sigismund, Bosnia's liege. King Ostoja led a war against Ragusa, at the time an ally of Hungary.

Radič Sanković led the attacks on Dubrovnik in the name of Stephen Ostoja.  Sandalj Hranić captured and blinded Radič, and held him in prison until his death in 1404. Among the fallen noblemen were Vukosav Nikolić and the Duke of Slano, whose name has been unfortunately lost to time.

The Ragusans set fire to Šumet and Žrnovnica, so the Bosnian army retreated.

Sandalj Hranić
Sandalj Hranić Kosača (Cyrillic: Сандаљ Хранић Косача; 1370 – 15 March 1435) was a powerful Bosnian nobleman whose primary possessions consisted of Hum, land areas between Adriatic coast, the Neretva and the Drina rivers in Bosnia, and served the court as the Grand Duke of Bosnia sometime between 1392 and his death in 1435, although the first mention as a Grand Duke in sources comes from 16 June 1404. He was married three times, but had no children. After his death, he was succeeded by his nephew Stjepan Vukčić Kosača.

His father was Hrana Vuković.
Lower Bhavani Project Canal
Lower Bhavani Project Canal is a 201-kilometre (125 mi) long irrigation canal which runs in Erode district in Tamil Nadu, India.  The canal is a valley-side contour canal, fed by Bhavanisagar Dam and irrigates 2.07 lakh hectares of land. The main canal feeds Thadapalli and Arakkankottai channels which irrigate the cultivable lands. The canal was the brainchild M.A Eswaran, member of the legislative assembly of the Erode constituency in the early 1950s.

Bhavanisagar Dam
Bhavanisagar Dam or Lower Bhavani Dam, is an earthen dam located in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The dam is constructed on the Bhavani River. The dam is situated some 16 km (9.9 mi) west of Sathyamangalam, and is 35 km (22 mi) from Gobichettipalayam in Erode district.
Shuangxi Park and Chinese Garden
The Shuangxi Park and Chinese Garden (Chinese: 雙溪公園; pinyin: Shuāngxī Gōngyuán) is a park and garden located in Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan, on Zhishan Road. The total area of the park is 2 hectares. It was built in 1974, and features southern Chinese courtyard style architecture. It contains pavilions, courtyards, arch bridges, zig-zag bridges, and corridors. The landscape layout and construction was completed by Hu Guoli (胡國禮)

Shilin District
Shilin District (also spelled Shihlin District, Chinese: 士林區; pinyin: Shìlínqū; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sū-lîm-khu) is a district of Taipei. The central command center of the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) is located in Shilin.
Walker-Woodward-Schaffer House
Walker-Woodward-Schaffer House, also known as the Jane Darwell Birthplace, is a historic home located at Palmyra, Marion County, Missouri.  It was built about 1868, and is a two-story, three-bay, Italianate style brick dwelling. It has a two-story rear wing with a two-story gallery porch. Both sections have hipped roofs with bracketed cornices. A verandah spans the front of the house.  It was the birthplace of actress Jane Darwell.: 2

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Jane Darwell
Jane Darwell (born Patti Woodard; October 15, 1879 – August 13, 1967) was an American actress of stage, film, and television. With appearances in more than 100 major movies spanning half a century, Darwell is perhaps best remembered for her poignant portrayal of the matriarch and leader of the Joad family in the film adaptation of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, for which she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Demis Hassabis
Sir Demis Hassabis (born 27 July 1976) is a British artificial intelligence (AI) researcher and entrepreneur. He is the chief executive officer and co-founder of Google DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs, and a UK Government AI Adviser. In 2024, Hassabis and John M. Jumper were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their AI research contributions for protein structure prediction.

Hassabis is a Fellow of the Royal Society and has won awards for his research efforts, including the Breakthrough Prize, the Canada Gairdner International Award and the Lasker Award. He was appointed a CBE in 2017, and knighted in 2024 for his work on AI. He was also listed among the Time 100 most influential people in the world in 2017 and 2025, and was one of the "Architects of AI" collectively chosen as Time's 2025 Person of the Year.

Canada Gairdner International Award
The Canada Gairdner International Award is given annually by the Gairdner Foundation at a special dinner to five individuals for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science. Receipt of the Gairdner is traditionally considered a precursor to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine; as of 2020, 98 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to prior Gairdner recipients.

Canada Gairdner International Awards are given annually in the amount of $100,000 (each) payable in Canadian funds and can be awarded to residents of any country in the world. A joint award may be given for the same discovery or contribution to medical science, but in that case each awardee receives a full prize.
Or (river)
The Or (Russian: Орь, Kazakh: Ор) is a river in Orenburg Oblast of Russia and Aktobe Province of Kazakhstan. It is a left tributary of the Ural, and is 332 km long, with a drainage basin of 18 600 km2. The river is formed by the confluence of the rivers Shiyli and Terisbutak, which have their sources on the western slopes of the Mugodzhar Hills, and it joins the Ural by the city of Orsk. Most of its discharge are from melting snow. The average discharge, 61 km from its mouth, is 21.3 m3/sek. The spring flooding lasts from April to mid-May. The rest of the year the water level is very low. The river freezes in late October and is icebound until March – April. The river is used for irrigation and water supply.

Orsk
Orsk (Russian: Орск) is the second largest city in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located on the steppe about 100 kilometers (62 mi) southeast of the southern tip of the Ural Mountains. The city straddles the Ural River. Population:  239,800 (2010 Census); 250,963 (2002 Census); 270,711 (1989 Soviet census). It lies adjacent to the Kazakhstan–Russia border.
Double (Roch Voisine album)
Double is a 1990 bilingual French / English double album by Canadian singer Roch Voisine as a follow-up to the album Hélène. The first CD is all in French, the second all in English. The English tracks were also released as a separate album entitled Roch Voisine.

Roch Voisine
Joseph Armand Roch Voisine, OC CQ ONB (born 26 March 1963) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and radio and television host who lives in Montreal and Paris. He writes and performs material in both English and French. He won the Juno Award for Male Vocalist of the Year in 1994. In 1997, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
Carolyn Wood
United States Army Captain Carolyn Wood is a military intelligence officer who served in both Afghanistan and Iraq. She was implicated by the Fay Report to have "failed" in several aspects of her command regarding her oversight of interrogators at Abu Ghraib. She was alleged by Amnesty International to be centrally involved in the 2003 Abu Ghraib and 2002 Bagram prisoner abuse cases. Wood is featured in the 2008 Academy award-winning documentary Taxi to the Dark Side.

Wood previously served ten years as an enlisted soldier in the U.S. Army, rising to the rank of Staff Sergeant, before being commissioned as an officer.

Bagram torture and prisoner abuse
In 2005, The New York Times obtained a 2,000-page United States Army investigatory report concerning the homicides of two unarmed civilian Afghan prisoners by U.S. military personnel in December 2002 at the Bagram Theater Internment Facility (also Bagram Collection Point or B.C.P., now the Parwan Detention Facility) in Bagram, Afghanistan, and general treatment of prisoners. Two prisoners, Habibullah and Dilawar, were repeatedly chained to the ceiling and beaten, resulting in their deaths. Military coroners ruled that both prisoners' deaths were homicides. Autopsies revealed severe trauma to both prisoners' legs, describing the trauma as comparable to being run over by a bus. Seven soldiers were charged in 2005.

Hajimumin, another prisoner, told Al Jazeera that they tied them to chairs and applied electric shocks for 30 seconds a time for torture purposes.
Zaruma
Zaruma, officially Villa Real de San Antonio del Cerro de Oro de Zaruma is a town in the south of Ecuador, El Oro Province. It is located in the south-east of this province, at an altitude of 1200 metres above sea level, on an inter-Andes route where the Vizcaya mountain range branches off from the Chilla mountain range. It is the seat of Zaruma Canton, one of the oldest cantons in the province.

Zaruma is known for its republic-era architecture, gold mines, culture and traditions, art and coffee and for having been founded by Spanish explorer Alonso de Mercadillo. These attributes have led to its receiving various titles celebrating both its tangible and intangible aspects, and in 1998 the Ecuadorian Institute for Cultural Heritage submitted it as a candidate UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Zaruma was named a Pueblo Mágico (magical town) by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR) in 2019. It is one of five communities across the country that inaugurated the programme that year.

Zaruma Canton
Zaruma Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the El Oro Province.  Its capital is the town of Zaruma.  Its population at the 2001 census was 23,407.

Zaruma was named a Pueblo Mágico (magical town) by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR) in 2019. It is one of five communities across the country that inaugurated the programme that year.
Olga Antonetti
Olga Nieves "Olguita" Antonetti Núñez (June 21, 1944 – December 12, 1968) was a Venezuelan model and beauty pageant titleholder who was the official representative of Venezuela to the Miss International 1962 pageant held in Long Beach, California, United States on August 18, 1962, where she was among the Top 15 semifinalists. At the time, she was a secretary from Caracas.

Antonetti was one of the 51 fatalities in a Pan Am Flight 217 crash near Caracas, on December 12, 1968, at the age of 24. She was on the flight with her four-year-old daughter, en route to visit relatives for Christmas.

Pan Am Flight 217
Pan Am Flight 217 was a Boeing 707 that crashed near Caracas, Venezuela while on a flight from New York City on December 12, 1968. Though pilot error was to blame, the National Transportation Safety Board concluded the probable cause was undetermined. There were no survivors.
The Economy of Sound
The Economy of Sound is the fifth studio album by American post-grunge band Seven Mary Three.  It was released on June 5, 2001, on Mammoth Records.  The album peaked at No. 178 on the Billboard 200 on June 23, 2001.

The album's Billboard-charting singles were "Wait" (No. 7 on Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks and No. 21 on Hot Modern Rock Tracks) and "Sleepwalking" (No. 39 on Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks).

Mammoth Records
Mammoth Records was an independent record label founded in 1989 by Jay Faires in the Carrboro area of Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The majority of the acts on Mammoth were executive-produced by Faires and the label's general manager, Steve Balcom. The label was the first independent to produce two platinum records.

Mammoth's roster included Antenna, The Backsliders, Bandit Queen, The Bats, Blake Babies, Chainsaw Kittens, Clarissa. Dash Rip Rock, Dillon Fence, Frente!, Fu Manchu, Fun-Da-Mental, Jason & the Scorchers, Jocelyn Montgomery, Joe Henry, Juliana Hatfield, Kill Creek, Machines of Loving Grace, Mark Lizotte, My Friend Steve, Pure, Seven Mary Three, Squirrel Nut Zippers, The Hope Blister, The Melvins, The Sidewinders, Vanilla Trainwreck, and Victoria Williams.
Penelope Milford
Penelope Dale Milford (March 23, 1948 – October 14, 2025) was an American stage and screen actress. She is best known for her role as Vi Munson in Coming Home (1978) for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Milford also originated the role of Jenny Anderson in the Broadway musical Shenandoah, for which she was nominated for a Drama Desk Award in 1975.

Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, Part II
Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, Part II (also known as Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer 2 - Mask of Sanity) is a 1996 horror film written and directed by Chuck Parello.

The film is the sequel to Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer.
Drowning Mona
Drowning Mona is a 2000 American crime comedy film starring Danny DeVito as Wyatt Rash, a local police chief from Verplanck, New York, who investigates the mysterious death of Mona Dearly (Bette Midler), a spiteful, hard-drinking, loud-mouthed, abusive woman, hated by all who knew her, who drove her son's car off a cliff and drowned in a river. The film received negative reviews from critics.

Verplanck, New York
Verplanck is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Cortlandt, Westchester County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 1,729. Both the hamlet and Verplanck's Point derive their name from the activities of the Verplanck family, established in New Amsterdam by Abraham Isaacsen Verplanck in the 1630s.
Illusory motion
The term illusory motion, or motion illusion or apparent motion, refers to any optical illusion in which a static image appears to be moving due to the cognitive effects of interacting color contrasts, object shapes, and position. The stroboscopic animation effect is the most common type of illusory motion and is perceived when images are displayed in fast succession, as occurs in movies. The concept of illusory motion was allegedly first described by Aristotle.

Induced movement
Induced movement or induced motion is an illusion of visual perception in which a stationary or a moving object appears to move or to move differently because of other moving objects nearby in the visual field.  It is interpreted in terms of the change in the location of an object due to the movement in the space around it. The object affected by the illusion is called the target, and the other moving objects are called the background or the context (Duncker, 1929).
Holloway Road
Holloway Road is a road in London, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) in length. It is one of the main shopping streets in North London, and carries the A1 road as it passes through Holloway, in the London Borough of Islington. The road starts in Archway, near Archway Underground station, then heads south-east, past Upper Holloway railway station, Whittington Park, past the North London campus of London Metropolitan University near Nag's Head, past Holloway Road Underground station, and the main campus of the university, and then becomes Highbury Corner, near Highbury & Islington station.

Archway tube station
Archway is a London Underground station. It is located at the intersection of Holloway Road, Highgate Hill, Junction Road and Archway Road in Archway, North London, directly underneath the Vantage Point building. The station is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between Highgate and Tufnell Park stations. It is in both London fare zone 2 and zone 3.
Dulhan (1963 film)
Dulhan is a 1963 Urdu Pakistani film directed by S. M. Yusuf and produced by J.C. Anand under Eveready Pictures. The lead cast of the film include Shamim Ara, Darpan, Nayyar Sultana, Nabeela and Habib. The music of the film was composed by Rashid Attre. It was released on 1 November 1963 and was a flop at the box office.

J.C. Anand
Jagdish Chand Anand better known as J.C. Anand (1922 – 17 May 1977) was a Pakistani film producer and distributor. One of the largest distributors within the country, he founded Eveready Pictures in Karachi.
VR Group
VR-Group Plc (Finnish: VR-Yhtymä Oyj, Swedish: VR-Group Abp), commonly known as VR, is a government-owned railway company in Finland. VR's most important function is the operation of Finland's passenger rail services with 250 long-distance and 800 commuter rail services every day. With 7,500 employees and net sales of €1,251 million in 2017, VR is one of the most significant operators in the Finnish public transport market area.

VR was created in 1995 after being known as Swedish: Finska Statsjärnvägarna, Finnish: Suomen Valtion Rautatiet (Finnish State Railways) from 1862 to 1922, and Valtionrautatiet ('State Railways', Swedish: Statsjärnvägarna) from 1922 to 1995.

The concern includes subsidiaries Avecra for onboard catering service and Pohjolan Liikenne for bus traffic. Its headquarters is located at the Iso Paja building, previously occupied by the state-owned broadcasting company Yle, in northern-central Helsinki.

Motorail
A motorail train or accompanied car train (ACT) is a passenger train on which passengers can take their automobile along with them on their journey. Passengers are carried in normal passenger carriages or in sleeping carriages on longer journeys, while the cars are loaded into autoracks, car-carriers, or flatcars that normally form part of the same train.

Motorail services are not the same as car shuttle trains or car-carrying train services. Car shuttle trains usually operate over relatively short distances, on lines passing through a rail tunnel and connecting two places not easily accessible to each other by road.  On car shuttle train services, unlike on motorail services, the occupants of the road vehicles being carried on the train usually stay with their vehicle throughout the rail journey.
The Proud and the Beautiful
The Proud and the Beautiful (French: Les Orgueilleux, sub-title: Alvarado, aka The Proud Ones) is a 1953 drama film directed by Yves Allégret. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Story (the nomination officially went to Jean-Paul Sartre), but lost to Dalton Trumbo (under the pseudonym Robert Rich) for The Brave One.

Yves Allégret
Yves Allégret (13 October 1905 – 31 January 1987) was a French film director, often working in the film noir genre. He was born in Asnières-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine and died in Paris.

He was an assistant to film directors such as his brother Marc Allégret, Augusto Genina, and Jean Renoir.
Izhorians
The Izhorians (Ingrian: ižorat, ižorit, inkeroiset; Russian: ижо́ра; ижо́ры, ижо́рцы; Finnish: inkerikot; Estonian: isurid) are a Finnic indigenous people native to Ingria. Small numbers can still be found in the western part of Ingria, between the Narva and Neva rivers in northwestern Russia. They are also referred to as Ingrians, although the term can also refer to the Ingrian Finns or the Baltic Finnic residents of Ingria in general.

Baltic Finnic peoples
The Baltic Finnic peoples, often simply referred to as the Finnic peoples, are the peoples inhabiting the Baltic Sea region in Northern and Eastern Europe who speak Finnic languages. They include the Finns, Estonians (including Võros and Setos), Karelians (including Ludes and Livvi), Veps, Izhorians, Votes, and Livonians. In some cases the Kvens, Ingrians, Tornedalians and speakers of Meänkieli are considered separate from the Finns.

The bulk of the Finnic peoples (more than 98%) are ethnic Finns and Estonians, who reside in the two independent Finnic nation states—Finland and Estonia.

Finnic peoples are also significant minority groups in neighbouring countries of Sweden, Norway and Russia, especially Karelia.
St Winnow
St Winnow (Cornish: Sen Gwynnek) is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Its name may be connected with either that of Saint Winnoc or Saint Winwaloe.  It has a population of 304, which had increased to 328 at the 2011 census.   
The church town is on the east bank of the River Fowey south of Lostwithiel. Part of the village of Lerryn lies within the parish as does the Chapel of St Nectan. The Redlake Meadows & Hoggs Moor, a Site of Special Scientific Interest is also in the parish.

Redlake Meadows & Hoggs Moor
Redlake Meadows & Hoggs Moor is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), noted for its biological characteristics, in Cornwall, England, UK. Within the SSSI is Redlake Cottage Meadows nature reserve owned by the Cornwall Wildlife Trust.