hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
To Serve and Protect (book)
To Serve and Protect: Privatization and Community in Criminal Justice is a 1998 book by Bruce L. Benson about private policing, private prosecution, and other market-based methods of providing criminal justice. Benson traces the history of government's escalating involvement in criminal justice over the past centuries in the United Kingdom and in the United States, and argues that it has resulted in overpriced, low-quality service that does not adequately address the needs of communities and crime victims. He argues for parole bonds, restorative justice, shifting toward a criminal justice system that resembles the civil tort system, and other reforms.

Bruce L. Benson
Bruce L. Benson (born March 18, 1949) is an American academic economist who is recognized as an authority on law and economics and a major exponent of anarcho-capitalist legal theory. He is chair of the department of economics, DeVoe L. Moore Professor, distinguished research professor and courtesy professor of law at Florida State University and the recipient of the 2006 Adam Smith Award, the highest honor bestowed by the Association of Private Enterprise Education. He is a senior fellow at the Independent Institute and has recently been a Fulbright Senior Specialist in the Czech Republic, visiting professor at the university de Paris Pantheonon Assas, a Property-and-Environment-Research-Center Julian Simon Fellow, and visiting research fellow at the American Institute for Economic Research.
Bay of San Miguel
The Bay of San Miguel or Gulf of San Miguel (Spanish: Golfo de San Miguel) is a bay of the Gulf of Panama, located on the Pacific coast of Darién Province in eastern Panama.

The bay is the drainage of the Chucunaque-Tuira Basin to the Pacific Ocean. It is fed by the Chucunaque and Tuira river systems that cover three fourths of Darién Province.: 43  At its southern end is Cape Garachiné (also known as Point Garachina), and at its northern end is Punta San Lorenzo (a.k.a. Cape Gardo).

Geography of Panama
Panama is a country located in Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica. Panama is located on the narrow and low Isthmus of Panama.

This S-shaped isthmus is situated between 7° and 10° north latitude and 77° and 83° west longitude. Panama encompasses approximately 75,417 km2 (29,119 sq mi). It is 772 km (480 mi) long, and between 60 and 177 kilometers (37 and 110 miles) wide.
Czarne Pustkowie
Czarne Pustkowie [ˈt͡ʂarnɛ pustˈkɔvjɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kościerzyna
Gmina Kościerzyna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kościerzyna, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 310.15 square kilometres (119.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,295.

The gmina contains parts of the protected areas called Kashubian Landscape Park and Wdydze Landscape Park.
Trinity Bridge, Saint Petersburg
Trinity Bridge (Russian: Тро́ицкий мост, Troitskiy Most) is a bascule bridge across the Neva in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It connects Kamennoostrovsky Prospect with Suvorov Square. It was the third permanent bridge across the Neva, built between 1897 and 1903 by the French firm Société de Construction des Batignolles. It is 582 meters (1,909 ft) long and 23.6 meters (77 ft) wide.

The bridge takes its name from the Old Trinity Cathedral which used to stand at its northern end. In the 20th century, it was known as Equality Bridge (Russian: мост Ра́венства, 1918–1934) and Kirovsky Bridge (Russian: Ки́ровский мост, 1934–1999)

Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt
59°57′44″N 30°18′54″E﻿ / ﻿59.9622°N 30.315°E﻿ / 59.9622; 30.315

Kammennoostrovsky Prospekt (Russian: Каменноостро́вский проспе́кт) is one of the main streets of Petrogradsky District of Saint Petersburg. It runs from Trinity Bridge and Trinity Square across Petrogradsky Island, the Karpovka River, Aptekarsky Island, the Malaya Nevka and Kamenny Island to the Bolshaya Nevka. It is served by two Saint Petersburg Metro stations: Gorkovskaya and Petrogradskaya. At Leo Tolstoy Square, where the Petrogradskaya Metro is located, Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt crosses another large avenue, Bolshoy Prospekt. The section of Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt between Trinity Square and the Malaya Nevka was named Red Dawns Street (улица Красных зорь) from 1918 to 1934 and Kirovsky Prospekt (Кировский проспект) after Sergey Kirov from 1934 to 1991.
John Brisben Walker
John Brisben Walker (September 10, 1847 – July 7, 1931) was a magazine publisher, agricultural innovator, land developer, and automobile entrepreneur in the United States. He led an extraordinary life as a "Renaissance man" whose careers spanned the military, high-stakes journalism, pioneering transportation, and massive real estate development.

West Side (Charleston), West Virginia
The West Side is a neighborhood in the city of Charleston in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States, containing about 9,900 residents. Located along the Kanawha River and the Elk River, the West Side is bounded by U.S. Route 60 to the north (W Washington St) and west (Patrick Street), the Kanawha River to the south and by the Elk River and Interstate 64 to the east.

Like much of Charleston, the West Side suffers from large tracts of urban decay with 31% of West Side buildings vacant as of 2019 as Charleston overall has lost roughly 45% of its peak population and is part of the Rust Belt. Over 40% of children on the West Side are living in poverty, more than double the national average (17.5%).
Willsboro (CDP), New York
Willsboro is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Willsboro in Essex County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 753 at the 2010 census, out of a total town population of 2,025.

Willsboro, New York
Willsboro is a town in Essex County, New York, United States, and lies 30 miles (48 km) south of the city of Plattsburgh. As of the 2020 census, the town's population was 1,905. The town is named after early landowner William Gilliland.
Directorium ad faciendum passagium transmarinum
The Directorium ad faciendum passagium transmarinum (or Directorium ad passagium for short) is an anonymous 24,000-word Latin treatise on crusading submitted to King Philip VI of France on 26 July 1330 or 1332. The treatise proposes the conquest of the Holy Land, the Byzantine Empire and Russia and their subjection to the Catholic Church; outlines how this might be achieved; and describes how the conquered territories could be administered.

Two French translations were produced, one by Jean de Vignay in 1333 and another by Jean Miélot in 1455. Both are transmitted in richly illustrated manuscripts. There are a total of 15 surviving manuscripts in Latin or French. The authorship of the treatise has been a matter of much speculation.

Recovery of the Holy Land
The theme of recovery of the Holy Land (Latin: recuperatio Terrae Sanctae) was a genre in High–Late Medieval Christian literature about the Crusades.
It consisted of treatises and memoranda on how to recover the Holy Land for Christendom, first appearing in preparation for the Second Council of Lyon in 1274. They proliferated following the loss of Acre in 1291, shortly after which the permanent Crusader presence in the Holy Land came to an end, but mostly disappeared with the cancellation of Philip VI of France's planned crusade in 1336 and the start of the Hundred Years' War between England and France the next year. The high point of recovery proposals was the pontificate of Clement V (r. 1305–1314).
Mtego wa Noti
Mtego wa Noti is an administrative ward in Uvinza District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 293 km2 (113 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 1,061 m (3,481 ft). In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 16,850 people in the ward, from 15,308 in 2012.: 127 : 151

Uvinza
Uvinza is one of the eight administrative districts of Kigoma Region in Tanzania. Uvinza is bordered to the northwest by Kigoma District and Kigoma-Ujiji District. North of the district is bordered by Kasulu District . Lake Tanganyika borders the district on the west. Mpanda District in Katavi Region borders the district to the south and Kaliua District in Tabora Region borders the district to the east. The district is named in honor of the Vinza people whom the western part of district was their historic kingdom. 
Southern Uvinza District is home to the Mahale Mountains National Park. A unique park that is home to both Chimpanzees and lions in the same habitat.
Headworks
Headworks is a civil engineering term for any structure at the head or diversion point of a waterway. It is smaller than a barrage and is used to divert water from a river into a canal or from a large canal into a smaller canal.

An example is the Horseshoe Falls at the start of the Llangollen Canal.

Historically the phrase "headworks" derives from the traditional approach of diverting water at the start of an irrigation network and the location of these processes at the "head of the works".

Barrage (dam)
A barrage is a type of low-head, diversion dam which consists of a number of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through. This allows the structure to regulate and stabilize river water elevation upstream for use in irrigation and other systems. The gates are set between flanking piers which are responsible for supporting the water load of the pool created.

The term barrage is borrowed from the French word "barrer" meaning "to bar".
Melinda Young
Melinda Jane Young (born 20 August 1971)  is a wheelchair basketball player from Australia. She was born in Melbourne, Victoria. She was part of the silver medal-winning Australia women's national wheelchair basketball team at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.

Australia women's national wheelchair basketball team
The Australia women's national wheelchair basketball team  is the women's wheelchair basketball side that represents Australia in international competitions. The team is known as the Gliders. The team hasn't won a gold medal for Australia since it began competing at the 1992 Summer Paralympics, however it has won either the silver or bronze medal since the 2000 Summer Paralympics held in Sydney. Gliders finished 6th at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship but did not qualify for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Tori (album)
Tori (stylized as TORI.) is the fifth studio album by American singer and songwriter Tori Kelly. It was released on April 5, 2024, through Epic Records and Beautiful Mind Records. Tori follows A Tori Kelly Christmas (2020).

The album features guest vocal performances from Ayra Starr, Kim Chae-won, and Jon Bellion.

Kim Chaewon
Kim Chaewon (Korean: 김채원; born August 1, 2000) is a South Korean singer. She is the leader of South Korean girl group Le Sserafim and a former member of the girl group Iz*One, having finished tenth in the reality competition series Produce 48 in 2018.
Charlotte Mecklenburg Library
The Charlotte Mecklenburg Library (previously the Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County) is the public library system of the city of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County in North Carolina, United States.

Charlotte Mecklenburg Library serves a community of approximately one million citizens in the city of Charlotte and the towns of Matthews, Pineville, Mint Hill, Davidson, Cornelius and Huntersville – all located in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.

Mint Hill, North Carolina
Mint Hill is a suburban town in southeastern Mecklenburg and northwestern Union counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is a major suburb on the outskirts of Charlotte and near the Cabarrus County line. The population was 26,450 at the 2020 census, up from 22,722 in 2010.
Madeleine Berthod
Madeleine Chamot-Berthod (born 1 February 1931) is a Swiss former alpine skier. She was born in Château d'Oex, Vaud. Berthod was Swiss Sportspersonality of the year in 1956. She competed at the 1952, 1956 and the 1960 Winter Olympics, winning gold in the women's downhill at the 1956 Games.

Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics – Women's downhill
The women's downhill event of the 1956 Winter Olympics at Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, was held on Mt. Tofana on Wednesday, 1 February.

The Swiss took the top two spots as Madeleine Berthod won the gold and Frieda Dänzer took the silver; Lucile Wheeler of Canada was the bronze medalist.  Forty-four women from sixteen countries finished the race.

The race was held on the Canalone piste, with a starting elevation of 2,114 m (6,936 ft) above sea level with a vertical drop of 502 m (1,647 ft); the course length was 1.552 km (0.96 mi). Berthoud's winning time of 100.7 seconds yielded an average speed of 55.484 km/h (34.5 mph), with an average vertical descent rate of 4.985 m/s (16.4 ft/s).
Self Defence: Never, Never, Land Reconstructed and Bonus Beats
Self Defence: Never, Never, Land Reconstructed and Bonus Beats is a remix album by Unkle, released in 2006 by Global Underground. Spanning four discs, it is a compilation of remixes of tracks from the album Never, Never, Land, and also contains remixes of a track featuring Ian Astbury (The Cult) from the then-upcoming UNKLE album War Stories.

Unkle
Unkle (often stylised as U.N.K.L.E. or UNKLE, occasionally known as UNKLE Sounds) is a British musical act founded in 1992 by James Lavelle. Originally categorised as trip hop, the group once included producer DJ Shadow and have employed a variety of guest artists and producers.
These Are the Days (S Club song)
"These Are the Days" is a song by British pop music group S Club. It was released on 26 July 2023 in memory of Paul Cattermole. The song is the first new material recorded and released by the band in 20 years. This is the first release with the group as a quintet following Cattermole's death and Hannah Spearritt's departure.

Paul Cattermole
Paul Gerald Cattermole (7 March 1977 – 6 April 2023) was an English singer and actor. He was a member of the pop group S Club 7 from 1998 until his departure in 2002. Cattermole returned to the line-up in 2014 for their reunion tour and was originally due to return in 2023 for a planned second reunion tour before his death.
Mordecai Kaplan
Mordecai Menahem Kaplan (Hebrew: מֹרְדֳּכַי מְנַחֵם קַפְלַן; June 11, 1881 – November 8, 1983) was an American Conservative rabbi, writer, Jewish educator, professor, theologian-philosopher, activist, and religious leader who founded the Reconstructionist movement of Judaism with his son-in-law, Rabbi Ira Eisenstein. He has been described as a "towering figure" in the recent history of Judaism for his influential work in adapting it to modern society, contending that Judaism should be a unifying and creative force by stressing the cultural and historical character of the religion as well as theological doctrine.

National Council of Young Israel
The National Council of Young Israel (NCYI) or Young Israel (in Hebrew: ישראל הצעיר‎, Yisrael Hatza'ir), is a synagogue-based Orthodox Judaism organization in the United States with a network of affiliated "Young Israel" synagogues. Young Israel was founded in 1912, in its earliest form, by a group of 15 young Jews on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Their goal was to make Orthodox Judaism more relevant to young Americanized Jews at a time when a significant Jewish education was rare, and most Orthodox institutions were Yiddish-speaking and oriented to an older, European Jewish demographic.

Today, Young Israel continues to promote Orthodox involvement of modern American Jews, while also advocating for the issues most relevant to its members, including support for Israel and Religious Zionism.
Volodymyr Zabolotnyi (priest)
Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Zabolotnyi (Ukrainian: Володимир Володимирович Заболотний; born 15 September 1960, Chortkiv, Ternopil Oblast) is a Ukrainian actor, public and religious figure, and mitred priest (2023). He was a member of the Ternopil City Council (1990).

Chortkiv
Chortkiv (Ukrainian: Чортків, IPA: [tʃortˈkiu̯] ⓘ; Polish: Czortków; Yiddish: טשארטקאוו, romanized: Tshortkov) is a city in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Chortkiv Raion, housing the district's local administration buildings. Chortkiv hosts the administration of Chortkiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 28,279 (2022 estimate).

Chortkiv is located in the northern part of the historic region of Galician Podolia on the banks of the Seret River.

In the past Chortkiv was the home of many Hasidic Jews; it was a notable shtetl and had a significant number of Jews residing there prior to the Holocaust. Today, Chortkiv is a regional commercial and small-scale manufacturing center. Among its architectural monuments is a fortress built in the 16th and 17th centuries as well as historic wooden churches of the 17th and 18th centuries.
Servant of the People
Servant of the People (Ukrainian: Слуга народу, romanized: Sluha narodu, Ukrainian pronunciation: [slʊˈɦɑ nɐˈrɔdʊ]; SN) is a liberal, centrist, pro-European political party in Ukraine. Since both the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election and the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, it has been the ruling political party in Ukraine. It is best known for being the political party of President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

The party is named after the popular Ukrainian TV series Servant of the People, in which Zelenskyy played a fictional Ukrainian president. It was formed in late 2017 and was officially registered on 31 March 2018 on the basis of the previously registered Party of Decisive Changes. In the 2019 parliamentary election the party won 124 seats on the nationwide party list and 130 constituency seats.

Zhan Beleniuk
Zhan Vensanovych Beleniuk (Ukrainian: Жан Венсанович Беленюк; born 24 January 1991) is a Ukrainian politician and Greco-Roman wrestler. He is a three-time Olympic medalist and won the gold medal in the Greco-Roman 87 kg at the 2020 Summer Olympics, the silver medal in the Greco-Roman 85 kg at the 2016 Summer Olympics and a bronze medal in the Greco-Roman 87 kg at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Beleniuk is also a two-time world champion, a three-time European champion and a European Games champion. In 2019, he became the first black member of the Ukrainian Parliament.
Georg Aumann
Georg Aumann (11 November 1906 – 4 August 1980) was a German mathematician. He was known for his work in general topology and regulated functions. During World War II, he worked as part of a group of five mathematicians, recruited by Wilhelm Fenner, and which included Ernst Witt, Alexander Aigner, Oswald Teichmueller and Johann Friedrich Schultze, and led by Wolfgang Franz, to form the backbone of the new mathematical research department in the late 1930s, which would eventually be called Section IVc of Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht (abbr. OKW/Chi). He also worked as a cryptanalyst, on the initial breaking of the most difficult cyphers. He also researched and developed cryptography theory.

Alexander Aigner
Alexander Aigner (18 May 1909 – 2 September 1988) was an Austrian mathematician specialising in number theory, and a full university professor of mathematics at the Karl Franzens University in Graz.  During World War II he was part of a group of five mathematicians, which was recruited by the military cryptanalyst Wilhelm Fenner, and which included Ernst Witt, Georg Aumann, Oswald Teichmueller and Johann Friedrich Schultze, to form the backbone of the new mathematical research department in the late 1930s, which would eventually be called Section IVc of Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht.  (abbr. OKW/Chi).  The group was led by the German professor of mathematics Wolfgang Franz.
Horoshova
Horoshova (Ukrainian: Горошова) is a village in Melnytsia-Podilska settlement hromada, Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine.

Every year, in early January, the village organizes Malanka processions. Nowadays, the Malanka theatrical festivals are held, with participants from different regions of Ukraine and foreign countries.

Malanka
Malanka (Маланка, or Ukrainian: Щедрий вечір, romanized: Shchedryi Vechir, lit. 'bounteous evening') is a Ukrainian folk holiday celebrated on 31 December, which is New Year's Eve in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Formerly it was celebrated on 13 January corresponding to 31 December in the Julian calendar (see Old New Year). The festivities were historically centred around house-to-house visiting by groups of young men, costumed as characters from a folk tale of pre-Christian origin, as well as special food and drink. The context of the rituals has changed, but some elements continue to the present.
Vrångö
Vrångö is the southernmost inhabited island in the Southern Gothenburg Archipelago and it is also a locality situated in Gothenburg Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 364 inhabitants in 2010. The ferry 281 to Vrångö can be taken from Saltholmen.

The island has an old cemetery from the 1600s.

Gothenburg Municipality
Gothenburg Municipality (Göteborgs kommun or Göteborgs stad) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Gothenburg.

When the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863 the City of Gothenburg, founded and chartered in 1621, became a city municipality with an elected city council (stadsfullmäktige). Its territory has since then been added through amalgamations in 1868, 1906, 1922, 1931, 1945, 1948, 1967 and 1974. The local government reform of 1971 made the city a unitary municipality, like all others in the country. The municipality prefers, however, to style itself Göteborgs stad (City of Gothenburg), whenever legally possible.

In March 2018 it was reported that the municipality and municipality-owned companies had 236 employees working with public relations (Swedish: kommunikation), more than Stockholm, to a cost of 400 000 SEK daily or 151 million SEK annually.
Esphyr Slobodkina
Esphyr Solomonovna Slobodkina (Russian: Эсфирь Соломоновна Слободкина; September 22, 1908 – July 21, 2002) was a Russian-born American artist, author, and illustrator, best known for her classic children's picture book Caps for Sale. Slobodkina was a celebrated avant garde artist and feminist in the middle part of the 20th century.

Margaret Wise Brown
Margaret Wise Brown (May 23, 1910 – November 13, 1952) was an American writer of children's books, including Goodnight Moon (1947) and The Runaway Bunny (1942), both illustrated by Clement Hurd. She has been called "the laureate of the nursery" for her achievements. Besides her real name, she also used the noms-de-plume Golden MacDonald for Doubleday and Company, Timothy Hay for Harper & Brothers and Juniper Sage (her collaboration with Edith Thacher Hurd) for William R. Scott, Inc.