hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monolithic Memories
Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) was an American semiconductor company which produced bipolar PROMs, programmable logic devices, and logic circuits (including 7400 series TTL).

A team of MMI engineers, under the direction of Ze'ev Drori and  headed by John Birkner and H. T. Chua, invented the class of devices known as programmable array logic (PAL).

MMI was founded in 1969 by former Fairchild Semiconductor engineer Ze'ev Drori, later the President and CEO of Tesla Motors. In 1987, under the stewardship of President Irwin Federman, it was merged with Advanced Micro Devices in a $422 million stock swap to become the world's largest integrated circuit manufacturer. AMD later spun off their programmable logic division as Vantis, which was then acquired by Lattice Semiconductor.

Programmable logic device
A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits. Unlike digital logic constructed using discrete logic gates with fixed functions, the function of a PLD is undefined at the time of manufacture. Before the PLD can be used in a circuit it must be programmed to implement the desired function. Compared to fixed logic devices, programmable logic devices simplify the design of complex logic and may offer superior performance. Unlike for microprocessors, programming a PLD changes the connections made between the gates in the device.

PLDs can broadly be categorised into, in increasing order of complexity, simple programmable logic devices (SPLDs), comprising programmable array logic, programmable logic array and generic array logic; complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs); and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
Ytre Øydnavatnet
Ytre Øydnavatnet is a lake in the municipality of Lyngdal in Agder county, Norway.  The 3.22-square-kilometre (1.24 sq mi) lake is located along the river Audna, just south of the lake Øvre Øydnavatnet.  The lake sits at an elevation of 96 metres (315 ft) above sea level.  The 17.5-kilometre (10.9 mi) long lake lies about 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) south of the village of Byremo and about 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) north of the village of Konsmo.

Audna
Audna or Audnedalselva is a river in Agder county, Norway.  The 55-kilometre (34 mi) long river runs from the lake Grindheimsvatnet, just north of the village of Byremo in Lyngdal municipality, south through the Audnedalen valley to its mouth at the Snigsfjorden in Lindesnes municipality.  The mouth is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of the village of Vigeland.  The river has a drainage basin that covers 438 square kilometres (169 sq mi).  The river runs through two lakes: Øvre Øydnavatnet and Ytre Øydnavatnet.

The river is regulated for hydroelectric power with a total of eight power plants along the river and its tributaries.  Together, the river produces an average annual production (2015) of 48.5 gigawatt-hours (175 TJ) of electricity.
Green Meadow Township, Norman County, Minnesota
Green Meadow Township is a township in Norman County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 114 at the 2000 census.

Green Meadow Township was organized in 1880, and named for the prairie landscapes within its borders.

Norman County, Minnesota
Norman County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,441, and was estimated to be 6,284 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Ada. The county is in Minnesota's Red River Valley region.
2016–17 Rugby Europe Trophy
The 2016–17 Rugby Europe Trophy is the second-level rugby union competition below the premier Championship. It is the inaugural Trophy competition under its new format, that will see Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and Ukraine compete for the title, and a place in the Championship-Trophy promotion play-off.

This years competition sees Portugal drop down out of the top six, outside the Rugby Europe Championship, replacing Belgium who earned Promotion to the Championship for 2017.

Portugal national rugby union team
The Portugal national rugby union team, nicknamed Os Lobos (The Wolves), represents Portugal in men's international competitions, They are  administered by the Portuguese Rugby Federation.
Portugal have experienced modest success in the last two decades. They qualified for the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France and though they lost all their matches, they managed to score one try in each game and led against Romania until the late minutes.

Portugal qualified for their second Rugby World Cup in 2022, topping a repechage qualifying group featuring the United States, Hong Kong, and Kenya to qualify for the 2023 Rugby World Cup. In that edition of the tournament, Portugal got their first draw in a Rugby World Cup against Georgia 18–18, and got their first ever win in the Rugby World Cup when they beat Fiji 24–23. Portugal will play in its third Rugby World Cup in 2027.
Insanity (album)
Insanity is the second full-length studio album from melodic death metal band Darkane, released on March 6, 2001. It is the first Darkane album with Andreas Sydow in the band. The album's name came from the chaotic events that happened while recording the album such as a storm that caused a power outage. The opening track "Calamitas" got it name from the Latin word for "loss".

Darkane
Darkane is a Swedish thrash metal/melodic death metal band that originated in Helsingborg in 1998. Their music contains acoustic interludes and symphonic features, such as the in-studio use of synthesizers and occasionally full orchestras and choir singing. The name "Darkane" is a portmanteau of the words "dark" and "arcane".
Isau-Isau Wildlife Reserve
Isau-Isau Wildlife Reserve is a nature reserve in South Sumatra, Indonesia. It is home to a large number of species, many of which are threatened or endangered. Formerly protected as Isau-Isau Pasemah Nature Reserve since 1978, the modern Wildlife Reserve was founded in 2014 and is managed by the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA) of South Sumatra Province. The reserve is listed as IUCN Management Category IV.

Ministry of Forestry (Indonesia)
The Ministry of Forestry (Indonesian: Kementerian Kehutanan) is the cabinet-level, government ministry in the Republic of Indonesia responsible for managing and conserving that nation's forests. The current Minister of Forestry is Raja Juli Antoni.
Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid
Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid is an organic acid most widely known as an intermediate in the synthesis of serine.

It is produced from 3-phosphoglyceric acid by the action of the enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase.

Serine
Serine
/ˈsɪəriːn/
(symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a hydroxymethyl group, classifying it as a polar amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.
TerreStar Corporation
TerreStar Corporation (TSTR), formerly Motient Corp. (MNCP - 2000–2007) and American Mobile Satellite Corp. (AMSC - 1988–2000), was the controlling shareholder of TerreStar Networks Inc., TerreStar National Services, Inc. and TerreStar Global Ltd., and a shareholder of SkyTerra Communications.

TerreStar Networks was a Reston, Virginia-based company that operated integrated satellite and terrestrial telecommunications systems. The company declared bankruptcy in 2010 and is now owned by Dish Network.

XM Satellite Radio was a spin-off of American Mobile Satellite Corp.

A Human Right
A Human Right is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing free basic internet and phone access to developing countries, and to citizens of countries whose government has cut off or restricted internet access. It was discontinued in 2016.
As River
The As River is a tributary of the Liebenbergsvlei River in the eastern Free State, South Africa. Since 1968 it is impounded by the Sol Plaatje Dam (formerly: Saulspoort Dam) at its confluence with the latter river, just east of Bethlehem. Its origin is some 35 km southeast of Bethlehem, on the northern slopes of the Rooiberge, near Clarens. With the opening of the northern delivery tunnel of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project in 1998, the once tiny stream was transformed to a strong-flowing river.

Sol Plaatje Dam
Sol Plaatje Dam (formerly the Saulspoort Dam) is an earth-fill type dam located at the confluence of the As and Liebenbergsvlei Rivers near Bethlehem, Free State, South Africa. It was established in 1968 and serves mainly for municipal and domestic water supply. The hazard potential of the dam has been ranked high. The reservoir receives water from the Lesotho Highlands Water Project via the As River.

Originally known as Saulspoort Dam, it was officially renamed on 1 April 2005, recalling the bus disaster which took place there in the early hours of 1 May 2003, when 51 passengers, en route to a Workers Day rally, were drowned. 41 of the workers were employees of the Sol Plaatje Municipality (Kimberley).
Rostom Gurieli
Rostom Gurieli (Georgian: როსტომ გურიელი; died 1564), of the House of Gurieli, was Prince of Guria from 1534 until his death in 1564. Alongside his royal suzerain, Bagrat III of Imereti, Rostom fought against the expanding Ottoman Empire to which he lost parts of his principality. Rostom's relations with Bagrat III subsequently deteriorated over his support to the king's defiant vassal, Levan I Dadiani.

Principality of Guria
The Principality of Guria (Georgian: გურიის სამთავრო, romanized: guriis samtavro) was a historical state in Georgia. Centered on modern-day Guria, a southwestern region in Georgia, it was located between the Black Sea and Lesser Caucasus, and was ruled by a succession of twenty-two princes of the House of Gurieli from the 1460s to 1829. The principality emerged during the process of fragmentation of a unified Kingdom of Georgia. Its boundaries fluctuated in the course of permanent conflicts with neighboring Georgian rulers and the Ottoman Empire, and the principality enjoyed various degrees of autonomy until being annexed by Imperial Russia in 1829.
Jules Fisher
Jules Fisher (born November 12, 1937) is an American lighting designer and producer. He is credited with lighting designs for more than 300 productions over the course of his 60+ year career of Broadway and off-Broadway shows, as well extensive work in film, ballet, opera, television, and rock and roll concert tours.  He has been nominated 24 times for Tony Awards (as a lighting designer), more than any other lighting designer, and won a record nine Tony Awards for Lighting Design.

Gary: A Sequel to Titus Andronicus
Gary: A Sequel to Titus Andronicus is a play written by Taylor Mac. The play is set in the aftermath of William Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus. The play premiered on Broadway in April 2019 starring Nathan Lane and received seven Tony Award nominations.
Thomas Forrester (architect)
Thomas Forrester (16 May 1838 – 25 March 1907) was a New Zealand plasterer, draughtsman, architect and engineer. He was born in Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland on 16 May 1838. In 1865, he was the building superintendent at the New Zealand Exhibition in Dunedin.

New Zealand Exhibition
The New Zealand Exhibition, which took place in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1865, was a world's fair visited by approximately 31250 people. 
It was the first world's fair held in New Zealand. 
It opened on 12 January and ran until 6 May 1865. Later world's fairs opened in Dunedin in 1889 and 1925.
Welsh hat
The Welsh hat (Welsh: Het Gymreig) worn by women as part of Welsh national costume is a tall hat, similar to a top hat, or the capotain. It is still worn by Welsh folk-dance women, and schoolgirls, in Wales on St David's Day, but rarely on other occasions.

Two main shapes of Welsh hat were made during the 19th century: those with drum shaped (vertical sided) crowns were worn in north-west Wales, and those with slightly tapering crowns were found in the rest of Wales.

Saint David's Day
Saint David's Day (Welsh: Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Sant or Dydd Gŵyl Dewi [ˈdɨːð ˌɡuːɨ̯l ˌdɛu̯.i ˈsant, ˈdiːð ̩ɡʊi̯l ˌdɛu̯.i]), or the Feast of Saint David, is the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, and falls on 1 March, the date of Saint David's death in 589 AD.

Traditional festivities include wearing daffodils and leeks, recognised symbols of Wales and Saint David, respectively, eating traditional Welsh food including cawl, and women wearing traditional Welsh dress. An increasing number of cities and towns across Wales, including Cardiff, Swansea, and Aberystwyth also put on parades throughout the day.

The day is not a public holiday in Wales, which has prompted calls for a St David's Day to be a bank holiday in Wales and some organisations designating unofficial celebrations.

The feast has been regularly celebrated since the canonisation of David in the 12th century by Pope Callixtus II.
Shalinsky District, Chechnya
Shalinsky District (Russian: Шали́нский райо́н; Chechen: Шелан кӏошт, Şelan khoşt) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Chechen Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 700 square kilometers (270 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Shali. Population: 115,970 (2010 census); 68,862 (2002 Census); 136,590 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shali accounts for 41.1% of the district's total population.

Administrative divisions of Chechnya
This article lists the administrative divisions of Chechnya, Russia.

Cities of republican significance:
Grozny (Грозный) (capital)
Argun (Аргун)
Gudermes (Гудермес)

Towns of district significance:
Shali (Шали)
Urus-Martan (Урус-Мартан)
Kurchaloy (Курчалой)

Districts:
Achkhoy-Martanovsky (Ачхой-Мартановский)
Groznensky (Грозненский)
Gudermessky (Гудермесский)
Itum-Kalinsky (Итум-Калинский)
Kurchaloyevsky (Курчалоевский)
Nadterechny (Надтеречный)
Naursky (Наурский)
Nozhay-Yurtovsky (Ножай-Юртовский)
Sernovodsky (Серноводский)
Shalinsky (Шалинский)
Sharoysky (Шаройский)
Shatoysky (Шатойский)
Shelkovskoy (Шелковской)
Urus-Martanovsky (Урус-Мартановский)
Vedensky (Веденский)

Cheberloyevsky and Galanchozhsky Districts were re-introduced into the Constitution of the Chechen Republic in November 2012 (after having been removed in December 2007); however, as of 2020, their borders and composition have not been officially defined.
2008 Bhutanese National Assembly election
National Assembly elections were held in Bhutan for the first time on 24 March 2008. Two parties were registered by the Election Commission of Bhutan to contest the elections; Druk Phuensum Tshogpa (DPT), led by Jigme Y. Thinley, which was formed by the  merger of the Bhutan People's United Party and All People's Party, and the People's Democratic Party (PDP). A third political party, the Bhutan National Party (BNP), had its application for the registration refused.

Jigme Thinley
Lyonpo Jigme Yoser Thinley (Dzongkha: འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་; Wylie: 'Jigs-med 'Od-zer 'Phrin-las) (born 9 September 1952) is a Bhutanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Bhutan for three nonconsecutive terms, from 20 July 1998 to 9 July 1999, 30 August 2003 to 18 August 2004 and 9 April 2008 to 28 April 2013.
St. John's Mine
The St John's Mine is a mineral extraction site approximately three miles north of the city of Vallejo in Solano County, California, United States.  The St John's site was used for extraction of cinnabar in the early 1900s.  The St. John's Mine is classified as a medium priority mine from the standpoint of environmental oversight.  The last inspection of the Hastings Mine occurred in 1997 and found only slight erosion of the considerable mine tailings; however the tailings exceed 10,000 cubic yards (7,600 m3) of material, or one of the largest cinnabar tailings in the state of California.  Furthermore, the drainage from St. John's Mine flows to receiving waters of Rindler Creek and thence to Lake Chabot.  Miles of underground shafts were driven in the course of working the quicksilver deposits in the area.  In 1989, Earth Metrics reviewed old 1918 maps of workings of the Hastings and St. John's Mines and found that mine shafts were not driven into the site prior to the year 1918.

Vallejo, California
Vallejo (/vəˈleɪ(h)oʊ/ və-LAY-(h)oh; Spanish pronunciation: [baˈʎexo] ⓘ) is a city in Solano County, California, United States, and the second largest city in the North Bay region of the Bay Area. Located on the shores of San Pablo Bay, the city had a population of 126,090 at the 2020 United States census. Vallejo is home to the California Maritime Academy, Touro University California and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.

Vallejo is named after Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the famed Californio general and statesman. The city was founded in 1851 on General Vallejo's Rancho Suscol to serve as the capital city of California, which it was from 1852 to 1853, after which the Californian government moved to neighboring Benicia, named in honor of Vallejo's wife Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo. The Mare Island Naval Shipyard was founded in 1854, and defined Vallejo's economy until the turn of the 21st century.
Museum of Toys and Automata
The Museum of Toys and Automata (in Catalan language Museu de Joguets i Autòmats) was a museum of toys and automata located in Verdú, in central Catalonia, Spain. It opened in 2004, and in 2013 it closed and the building was converted to an art gallery.

The museum was founded by local man Manel Mayoral, who had built up an extensive collection of antique toys and novelties. It was housed at an old house known as "Cal Jan" in Verdú's main square, over three floors and more than 2000 square meters, half of that in a modern extension.

Cal Jan was built in the 15th century, as were all the other buildings on the same street, and became an important house of Verdú. The lintels of the first floor balconies are an example of early 17th century architecture. In fact, there is an inscription on the façade dating from 1695, which is the year the house was reconstructed. In 1999, the building's conversion to a museum was started, and it was extended and extensively remodelled.

Verdú
Verdú (Catalan pronunciation: [beɾˈðu]) is a village and municipality in the province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Spain. It is traditionally associated with the Segarra region, but in 1936 was transferred to the comarca of Urgell.

It has a population of 886 (register office, 2024) .

The municipality covers 36 km2. The landscape consists of rolling hills with valleys and plains cultivated with grain, vineyards, and olive and almond trees. Small forests of pine and oak are scattered throughout the area. The Segarra-Garrigues canal and the Montblanc-Tàrrega highway both bisect the municipality, passing to the west of the town.

Today Verdú is known for wine, its traditional black pottery, its historic buildings such as its Castle and the Church of Santa Maria, its notable native St. Peter Claver, and recently its toy museum, that closed in 2013 and was converted to an art gallery.
Sam Verzosa
Samuel Salonga Verzosa Jr. (born September 12, 1982) is a Filipino businessman and politician who is known for being the co-founder of the multi-level marketing company, Frontrow. He also served as the representative of the Tutok To Win Party-List in the House of Representatives from 2022 to 2025.

2025 Manila local elections
Local elections were held in Manila on May 12, 2025, as part of the 2025 Philippine general election. The electorate would elect a mayor, a vice mayor, 36 members of the Manila City Council, and six district representatives to the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The officials elected in the election will assume their respective offices on June 30, 2025, for a three-year-long term.

Isko Moreno and Chi Atienza were elected mayor on his non-consecutive second term and vice mayor on her first term respectively, defeating incumbents Honey Lacuna and Yul Servo.
Barenaked for Hanukkah E.P.
Barenaked For Hanukkah in an EP released by Barenaked Ladies on November 15, 2005. It contains two tracks from the holiday-themed Barenaked for the Holidays, and one live version of a track from that album.

Barenaked for the Holidays
Barenaked for the Holidays is a holiday-themed studio album released by Canadian band Barenaked Ladies on October 5, 2004. The album includes Christmas and Hanukkah songs as well as "Auld Lang Syne", which is traditionally sung on New Year's Eve. There are also several songs that are simply about the winter season. The album was the first album recorded at Steven Page's studio, Fresh Baked Woods and was the first released independently by Barenaked Ladies' Desperation Records label (and distributed by the Warner Music Group). It was the band's first studio album for which a "naked track" (recorded in the nude) was not recorded. This album achieved Gold status in Canada.

Barenaked Ladies also collaborated with fellow Canadian artists Sarah McLachlan ("God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen", originally recorded in August 1996) and a then relatively unknown Michael Bublé ("Elf's Lament").
Michael L. Weinstein
Michael L. Weinstein (/ˈwaɪnstiːn/) is an American attorney, and former Air Force officer. He is the founder and president of the Military Religious Freedom Foundation and author of With God on Our Side: One Man's War Against an Evangelical Coup in America's Military and No Snowflake in an Avalanche, both of which describe purported Christian evangelical and fundamentalist proselytizing by some members of the military.

With God on Our Side (book)
With God on Our Side: One Man's War Against an Evangelical Coup in America's Military is a 2006 book by Michael Weinstein, founder of the Military Religious Freedom Foundation, about what he sees as fundamentalist evangelical Christian influence in the United States Military and its institutions. A major contention of the book is undue privilege given to the organization Christian Embassy in access to military facilities and use of military personnel in its promotions.
Purakaunui Falls
The Purakaunui Falls are a cascading three-tiered waterfall on the Purakaunui River, in The Catlins of the southern South Island of New Zealand. As one of very few South Island waterfalls away from the alpine region, it has long been a popular destination and photographic subject.

The falls are an iconic image for The Catlins region, and were featured on a New Zealand postage stamp in 1976.

Purakaunui River
The Purakaunui River is a river in the western Catlins, New Zealand. It rises west of Houipapa and flows through the Pūrākaunui Bay Scenic Reserve into the Pacific Ocean at Pūrākaunui Bay. The river is best known for Purakaunui Falls.
Hypohalite
Hypohalites are chemical compounds containing the hypohalite ion, with the general formula XO⁻, where X is a halogen element from Group 17 of the periodic table (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine). Hypohalites are the conjugate bases of hypohalous acids (HOX) and represent the lowest oxidation state (+1) of halogens in their oxoanions.

Hypohalites are also encountered in organic chemistry, often as acyl hypohalites (see the Hunsdiecker reaction). Sodium hypohalite is used in the haloform reaction as a test for methyl ketones.

Hunsdiecker reaction
The Hunsdiecker reaction (also called the Borodin reaction or the Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction) is a name reaction in organic chemistry whereby silver salts of carboxylic acids react with a halogen to produce an organic halide.  It is an example of both a decarboxylation and a halogenation reaction as the product has one fewer carbon atoms than the starting material (lost as carbon dioxide) and a halogen atom is introduced its place. A catalytic approach has been developed.