hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerrard, Colorado
Gerrard is a census-designated place (CDP) in and governed by Rio Grande County, Colorado, United States. The population of the Gerrard CDP was 264 at the 2020 United States Census. The South Fork post office (Zip Code 81154) serves the area.

Rio Grande County, Colorado
Rio Grande County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,539. The county seat is Del Norte. The county is named for the Rio Grande (Spanish language for "Big River"), which flows through the county.
2019 Oceania Cup (rugby league)
The 2019 Oceania Cup was the inaugural edition of the Oceania Cup. Contested by six teams, the competition began in June and concluded in November.

The competition was announced at the Rugby League International Federation (RLIF) congress in November 2018. The draw was released in March and breaks the six teams into two separate pools with promotion and relegation to exist in what is to become an annual tournament. Group A will comprise the top three ranked Pacific nations in Australia, New Zealand and Tonga while Group B will comprise Fiji, Samoa and Papua New Guinea.

The winner of Pool A will win the Oceania Cup while the winner of Pool B will win the Oceania Shield and be promoted to Pool A in the next edition in place of Australia, who were due to travel to Europe for their first Kangaroos tour since 2003.

Tonga national rugby league team
The Tonga national rugby league team (Tongan: timi līki ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in rugby league football. They are currently the 4th ranked team in the world. The team was formed to compete in the 1986 Pacific Cup, and have competed at six Rugby League World Cups, starting in 1995 and continuing consecutively until the most recent tournament. Their best result was at the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, where they were semi-finalists.

Formerly administered by the Tonga National Rugby League, the team is now in a state of limbo with administration. They wear a predominantly red uniform with white sides and are associated with the phrase Mate Ma'a Tonga (English: Die for Tonga). They are coached by Australian Kristian Woolf, and captained by Addin Fonua-Blake.
Bagnold number
The Bagnold number (Ba) is the ratio of grain collision stresses to viscous fluid stresses in a granular flow with interstitial Newtonian fluid, first identified by Ralph Alger Bagnold.

The Bagnold number is defined by

,

where  is the particle density,  is the grain diameter,  is the shear rate and  is the dynamic viscosity of the interstitial fluid. The parameter  is known as the linear concentration, and is given by

,

where  is the solids fraction and  is the maximum possible concentration (see random close packing).

In flows with small Bagnold numbers (Ba < 40), viscous fluid stresses dominate grain collision stresses, and the flow is said to be in the "macro-viscous" regime. Grain collision stresses dominate at large Bagnold number (Ba > 450), which is known as the "grain-inertia" regime. A transitional regime falls between these two values.

Ralph Bagnold
Brigadier Ralph Alger Bagnold, OBE, FRS, (3 April 1896 – 28 May 1990) was an English 20th-century desert explorer, geologist, and soldier.

Bagnold served in the First World War as an engineer in the British Army.

In 1932, he staged the first recorded East-to-West crossing of the Libyan Desert. His work in the field of Aeolian processes was the basis for the book The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes, establishing the discipline of aeolian geomorphology, combining field work observations, experiments and physical equations. His work has been used by United States' space agency NASA in its study of the terrain of the planet Mars, the Bagnold Dunes on Mars' surface were named after him by the organisation.

He returned to the forces in the Second World War, in which he founded the behind-the-lines reconnaissance, espionage, and raiding unit the "Long Range Desert Group", serving as its first commanding officer in the North Africa campaign.
Capitol Limited
The Capitol Limited is a temporarily suspended daily Amtrak train between Washington, D.C., and Chicago, running 764 miles (1,230 km) via Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Service began in 1981. On November 10, 2024, Amtrak temporarily combined the Capitol Limited and Silver Star, producing a Chicago-Washington–Miami route, the Floridian.

The train was named for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Capitol Limited, which ended in 1971 upon the formation of Amtrak. It carried the Amtrak train numbers 29 and 30, which were previously assigned to the discontinued National Limited.

During fiscal year 2023, the Capitol Limited carried 167,713 passengers, down 24.7% from FY2022.

Viewliner
The Viewliner is a single-level railroad car type operated by Amtrak on most long-distance routes operating east of Chicago.  The Viewliner I fleet of 50 sleeping cars entered service in 1994. Several types of Viewliner II cars entered service beginning in the 2010s: 70 baggage cars entered service during 2015–2016; 25 dining cars during 2016–2019; 10 baggage–dormitory cars in 2019; and 25 sleeping cars in 2021.

The Viewliner II baggage cars are used on all Amtrak trains with full baggage cars, both single-level and bi-level, and replaced all of the Heritage Fleet baggage cars that Amtrak inherited from the freight railroads when it was established in 1971.  Similarly, the Viewliner II dining cars replaced all of the Heritage Fleet dining cars.
Anglia (journal)
Anglia, subtitled Zeitschrift für Englische Philologie, is a German quarterly academic journal on English linguistics, published by de Gruyter. It was established in 1878 by Moritz Trautmann and Richard Paul Wülker, then based at the University of Leipzig. Between 1888 and 1892 Ewald Flügel, also at Leipzig, acted as editor in conjunction with Gustav Schirmer. Although a German publication, it is the longest-established journal for the study of the English language in the world, having been published continuously since 1878. Anglia publishes articles on the English language and its history, and English literature from the Middle Ages through to modern times. It also covers American literature and English-language literature from around the world. Its scope extends to general and theoretical studies of comparative literature and culture.

Richard Paul Wülker
Richard Paul Wülker, until 1884 surname spelled as Wülcker (29 July 1845, in Frankfurt – 8 August 1910, in Leipzig) was a German Anglist.

He studied German and English philology at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig, and following military service in the Franco-Prussian War, he continued his education at the University of Marburg. In 1873 he obtained his habilitation for English philology at the University of Leipzig, where he later taught classes as an associate professor of English language and literature (1875–80), then served as a full professor from 1880 to 1910.

In 1877, with Moritz Trautmann, he founded the journal Anglia, which he edited until 1890. From 1888 onward, he was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences. In 1900 he was named a Saxon privy court councilor.

He was a brother of archivist Ernst Wülcker (1843–1895), and a son-in-law to classical philologist Ludwig Lange (1825–1885).
H. J. Gillespie
H. J. Gillespie (died 1950) was a British socialist activist who was also prominent in the women's suffrage movement.

Gillespie joined the Fabian Society in 1911 and soon came to prominence, serving as honorary secretary of its Research Department in 1913.  That year, he was also elected to the executives of the Men’s Political Union for Women’s Enfranchisement and the Railway Nationalisation Society.   He was a founder member of the United Suffragists, along with Agnes Harben and her husband, serving as its treasurer in 1914. Gillespie then joined the Royal Field Artillery to fight in the First World War, rising to become a major, and receiving the Distinguished Service Order.

Gillespie was still supportive of the labour movement immediately after the war, writing a testimonial for the Daily Herald, but he later drifted away, and wrote a book, Why I Gave Up Socialism. In the 1930s, he became the secretary of the Mining Association of Great Britain.

Agnes Harben
Agnes Helen Harben (née Bostock; 15 September 1879 – 29 October 1961) was a British suffragist leader who also supported the militant suffragette hunger strikers, and was a founder of the United Suffragists.
Hallandian-Danopolonian event
The Hallandian-Danopolonian event was an orogeny and thermal event that affected Baltica in the Mesoproterozoic. The event metamorphosed pre-existing rocks and generated magmas that crystallized into granite. The Hallandian-Danopolonian event has been suggested to be responsible for forming an east-west alignment of sedimentary basins hosting Jotnian sediments spanning from eastern Norway, to Lake Ladoga in Russia. The alignment of subsidence is thought to correspond to an ancient back-arc basin parallel to a subduction zone further south.

Jotnian
In north European geology, Jotnian sediments are a group of Precambrian rocks assigned to the Mesoproterozoic Era (Riphean), albeit some might be younger. Jotnian sediments include the oldest known sediments in the Baltic area that have not been subject to metamorphism. Stratigraphically, Jotnian sediments overlie the rapakivi granites and other igneous and metamorphic rocks and are often intruded by younger diabases.
Clube de Rugby de Arcos de Valdevez
Clube de Rugby de Arcos de Valdevez (CRAV) is a rugby union club located in Arcos de Valdevez, Portugal. The men's team plays at the Campeonato Nacional Honra/Super Bock, Portugal's top level rugby union championship. The club also features women, youth and veteran teams and a B team that plays in Campeonato Nacional de Rugby II Divisão, Portuguese third division.

The club organises the international rugby sevens tournament Arcos Sevens.

Arcos de Valdevez
Arcos de Valdevez (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈaɾkuʒ ðɨ ˌvaldɨˈveʃ] ⓘ) is a municipality along the northern frontier of Portugal and Galicia (Spain). The population in 2011 was 22,847, in an area of 447.60 km2. It is the largest municipality in area of the district of Viana do Castelo.
Perski
Perski is an Ashkenazi Jewish toponymic surname after the village of Pershai in today's Valozhyn Raion, Belarus. Variants include Persky and Perske.

Notable persons with the surname Perski include:

Peter Perski (born 1970), Swedish actor

Szymon Perski (born 1923), birth name of Shimon Peres, Israeli statesman

Yoel Dov-Ber Perski (1816–1871), writer and translator

Perske
Perske is a surname. Notable persons with that name include:

Betty Joan Perske (1924–2014), birth name of Lauren Bacall, American actress and model

Jacquelin Perske, Australian screenwriter and producer

Robert Perske (1927–2016), American author, theologian, and disability rights activist

Wayne Perske (born 1974), Australian professional golfer
Arnold Zuboff
Arnold Stuart Zuboff (born January 2, 1946) is an American philosopher. He is the original formulator of the Sleeping Beauty problem. Zuboff has worked on topics such as personal identity, the philosophy of mind, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, the philosophy of probability, and a view analogous to open individualism—the position that there is one subject of experience, who is everyone—which he calls "universalism".

Sleeping Beauty problem
The Sleeping Beauty problem, also known as the Sleeping Beauty paradox, is a puzzle in decision theory in which an ideally rational epistemic agent is told she will be awoken from sleep either once or twice according to the toss of a coin. Each time she will have no memory of whether she has been awoken before, and is asked what her degree of belief that "the outcome of the coin toss is Heads" ought to be when she is first awakened.
Chicago Lock
Chicago Lock Co. is a lock manufacturer, founded in Chicago in 1920. Since 1933, it has sold a tubular pin tumbler lock marketed under the registered trademark "Ace." Millions of Ace locks have been sold; for instance, these locks are used in Northwestern Corporation's Triple Play bulk vending machine.
In 2004 it was widely publicized that the barrel of a cheap ballpoint pen would act as an effective lock pick for many brands of tubular lock.

Bulk vending
Bulk vending is the sale of unsorted confections, nuts, gumballs, toys and novelties (in capsules) selected at random and dispensed generally through non-electrically operated vending machines. Bulk vending is a separate segment of the vending industry from full-line vending — i.e., the snack and soda vending industries — and involves different products and strategies. Bulk vending represents less than 1% of the total vending industry.
South West 1 East
South West 1 East was an English, level six, rugby union league in south and south-west England; mainly Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Dorset, Gloucester, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Warwickshire and Wiltshire. Originally a single division known as South West 2, it was split into two regional leagues in 1996 – South West 1 East and South West 1 West.

The champions were promoted to South West Premier (formerly National League 3 South West) and the runner-up played the second team in South West 1 West, with the winning team gaining promotion. Relegated sides were usually relegated to one of the two seventh-tier leagues (depending on location) – Southern Counties North or Southern Counties South.

Reading R.F.C.
Reading R.F.C. is an English rugby union club, which runs a total of 21 sides across men's, women's, girls' and junior rugby and is based in the village of Sonning, on the outskirts of Reading. The 1st XV play in Counties 1 Southern North. They additionally play Walking Rugby which is a more accessible version of the game
Jiří Hrdina
Jiří Hrdina (born January 5, 1958) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player. He spent 10 seasons in the Czechoslovak First League with Sparta ČKD Praha and HK Dukla Trenčín and five in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Calgary Flames and Pittsburgh Penguins.  Of his four full NHL seasons, Hrdina is a three-time Stanley Cup champion, playing on NHL championship teams in 1989, 1991 and 1992.

Internationally, Hrdina was a member of the Czechoslovakian national team between 1977 and 1990. He appeared in two Canada Cups, and played in six World Championships. He was a member of five World Championship medal-winning teams, including a gold medal at the 1985 tournament. He is a two-time Olympian and won a silver medal with the Czechoslovak team at the 1984 Games in Sarajevo.

1992 Stanley Cup Final
The 1992 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1991–92 season, and the culmination of the 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Prince of Wales Conference and defending Stanley Cup champion Pittsburgh Penguins and the Clarence Campbell Conference champion Chicago Blackhawks. The Blackhawks were appearing in their first Final since 1973. After the Blackhawks jumped to an early 4–1 lead in the first game of the series, Mario Lemieux and the Penguins came back to win the game, sweep the series in four games, and win their second consecutive and second overall Stanley Cup. The fourth and final game of this series was the first time a Stanley Cup playoff game was played in the month of June and at the time it was the latest finishing date for an NHL season. This was also the last Final to be played at Chicago Stadium as it closed in 1994.
Pig Hill (Mount Kinabalu)
6°01′N 116°36′E﻿ / ﻿6.017°N 116.600°E﻿ / 6.017; 116.600

Pig Hill is an ultramafic area situated at approximately 2000 m above sea level on the southeastern side of Mount Kinabalu in Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. It is located to the east of Mesilau, some 4 hours' walk from the Mesilau Nature Resort. A number of pitcher plant species are found on Pig Hill, including N. burbidgeae (1900–1950 m), N. rajah (1950–2320 m), and the natural hybrid between the two, N. × alisaputrana (1930–1950 m). Nepenthes tentaculata has also been recorded from Pig Hill. The local fauna includes the stick insect Dajaca chani.

Nepenthes burbidgeae
Nepenthes burbidgeae /nɪˈpɛnθiːz bɜːrˈbɪdʒiaɪ/, also known as the painted pitcher plant or Burbidge's Pitcher-Plant, is a tropical pitcher plant with a patchy distribution around Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in Sabah, Borneo.
Lora (Split)
Lora is a harbor in the northwestern part of Split, Croatia, in the Bay of Kaštela. It is currently used as a naval base of the Croatian Navy. Located right next to the Brodosplit shipyard, it has been an important naval base for the Yugoslav Navy (1945–1991) and its headquarters. Ever since its founding in 1991, Lora naval base has served as the HQ of Croatian Navy. In this capacity, it is the home port for nearly all ships of the fleet. Lora is also the HQ of Croatian Coast Guard.

Lora naval base hosts sport, educational and other naval facilities, as well as a naval memorial chapel dedicated to Croatian sailors who perished in Croatian War of Independence.

The only submarine that has served with Croatian Navy, Velebit, is on permanent display in Lora.

Yugoslav Navy
The Yugoslav Navy (Serbo-Croatian: Југословенска ратна морнарица, Jugoslavenska ratna mornarica, lit. 'Yugoslav War Navy'), was the navy of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992. It was essentially a coastal defense force with the mission of preventing enemy landings along Yugoslavia's rugged 4,000-kilometer shoreline or coastal islands, and contesting an enemy blockade or control of the strategic Strait of Otranto.

In 1990, it had 10,000 sailors (including 4,400 conscripts), including 2,300 in 25 coastal artillery batteries and 900 marines in one light naval infantry brigade. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the navy's equipment and watercraft were claimed by emergent Croatian Navy, Montenegrin Navy, Serbian River Flotilla, and Slovenian Navy.
Kenton's West Side Story
Kenton's West Side Story is an album by the Stan Kenton Orchestra recorded in 1961 and released by Capitol Records. It won the Grammy Award in 1962 for Best Jazz Performance – Large Group (Instrumental). The album was recorded in 1961 and released quickly to take advantage of the movie premiere of the musical West Side Story. Kenton won his first Grammy Award and he won again the next year in the same category with Adventures in Jazz. Kenton's West Side Story peaked at No. 16 on the Billboard magazine album chart.

Sam Donahue
Samuel Koontz Donahue (March 18, 1918 – March 22, 1974) was an American jazz saxophonist, trumpeter, and musical arranger. He performed with Gene Krupa, Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Billy May, Woody Herman, and Stan Kenton.
Striker (miniatures game)
Striker is a science fiction miniatures wargame, designed by Frank Chadwick, and illustrated by William H. Keith. It was published by Game Designers' Workshop in 1981 as a boxed expansion to the Traveller role-playing game. Although Striker is a 15mm miniatures ruleset, GDW consider it their eighth Traveller boardgame. It was republished in 2004 as part of Far Future Enterprises Traveller: The Classic Games, Games 1-6+.

Frank Chadwick
Frank Chadwick is an American game designer and New York Times best selling author. He has designed hundreds of games, his most notable being the role-playing games En Garde!, Space: 1889 and Twilight 2000, and the wargame series Europa and The Third World War, as well as creating Traveller with Marc Miller. He has won multiple awards for his work.
Slatersville, Rhode Island
Slatersville is a village on the Branch River in the town of North Smithfield, Rhode Island, United States.  It includes the Slatersville Historic District, a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The historic district has been included as part of the Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park. The North Smithfield Public Library is located in Slatersville.

Slatersville was associated with and named for Samuel and John Slater, members of the well-known Slater family.

In the late nineteenth century, the Woonsocket and Pascoag Railroad was built through the village, and the line was later acquired by the Providence and Worcester Railroad and run as a freight rail line terminating in Slatersville near a steel distributor by the Slater Mill, rather than its former endpoint in Pascoag.

Branch River (Rhode Island)
The Branch River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows for approximately 16 km (10 mi). There are six dams along the river's length, including those forming the Slatersville Reservoir. The river provided energy for many of the region's textile mills in the nineteenth century.
Scorched (Mark-Anthony Turnage & John Scofield album)
Scorched is the live recorded premiere of the (re-)composition by Mark-Anthony Turnage commissioned by the Society of Friends and Patrons of the Frankfurt Radio Symphony in 2002. Turnage recomposed and orchestrated original compositions by jazz guitarist John Scofield for symphony orchestra and big band to which the title refers (SCOfield ORCHstratED). Scofield was part of the project together with John Patitucci on electric bass and Peter Erskine on drums. In 2004, it was nominated for a Grammy for "Best Classical Crossover Album".

The work on Scorched is used in the film portrait of Turnage by Barrie Gavin (Getting Scorched: Mark-Anthony Turnage, DVD, 2009)

John Scofield
John Scofield (born December 26, 1951) is an American guitarist and composer. His music blends jazz, jazz fusion, funk, blues, soul and rock. He first came to mainstream attention as part of the band of Miles Davis.

He has been nominated for nine Grammy awards and won three.  He was also awarded the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

He has toured and recorded with jazz saxophonists Eddie Harris, Dave Liebman, Joe Henderson, and Joe Lovano; keyboardists George Duke, Joey DeFrancesco, Herbie Hancock, Larry Goldings, and Robert Glasper; fellow guitarists Pat Metheny, John Abercrombie, Pat Martino, and Bill Frisell; bassists Marc Johnson and Jaco Pastorius; and drummers Jack DeJohnette, Billy Cobham, and Dennis Chambers. Outside the world of jazz, he has collaborated with Phil Lesh, Mavis Staples, John Mayer, Medeski Martin & Wood, and Gov't Mule.
The Big Easy (film)
The Big Easy is a 1986 American neo-noir romantic thriller film directed by Jim McBride and written by Daniel Petrie Jr. The film stars Dennis Quaid, Ellen Barkin, John Goodman, and Ned Beatty. The film was both set and shot on location in New Orleans, Louisiana.

The film was later adapted for a television series for two seasons on the USA Network (1996–1997).

Dennis Quaid
Dennis William Quaid (born April 9, 1954) is an American actor. He is known for his starring roles in many successful films, including Great Balls of Fire! (1989), Dragonheart (1996), The Parent Trap (1998), Frequency (2000), The Rookie (2002), The Day After Tomorrow (2004), In Good Company (2004), Flight of the Phoenix (2004), Yours, Mine & Ours (2005), and Vantage Point (2008). In 2003, Quaid received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Far from Heaven (2002).

Quaid portrayed President Bill Clinton in the HBO film The Special Relationship (2010), earning nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. He also portrayed Deputy U.S. Marshal Sherrill Lynn in the Paramount+ Western series Lawmen: Bass Reeves (2023), and President Ronald Reagan in the biopic Reagan (2024).