hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2004 Israeli operation in Rafah
In 2004, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launched Operation Rainbow in Cloud (Hebrew: מבצע קשת בענן, romanized: Mivtza Keshet Be-Anan) in the southern Gaza Strip on 12–24 May 2004, involving an invasion and siege of Rafah. The operation was started after the deaths of eleven Israeli soldiers in two Palestinian attacks, in which M113 armored vehicles were attacked.

Human Rights Watch reported 59 Palestinians killed during 12–24 May, including 11 under age eighteen and 18 armed men. The IDF razed some 300 homes to expand the buffer zone along the Egypt–Gaza border, expanding it far inside the Gaza Strip. Also, a zoo and at least 700 dunams (70 ha) of agricultural land were destroyed.

Israel's declared aims of Operation Rainbow were finding and destroying smuggling tunnels, targeting terrorists, and securing the Philadelphi Route by expanding the buffer zone.

Egypt–Gaza border
The Egypt–Gaza border is the 12-kilometre (7.5-mile) long border between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. There is a buffer zone along the border which is about 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) long.

The Rafah Border Crossing is the only crossing point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. It is located on the international border that was confirmed in the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Only passage of persons takes place through the Rafah Border Crossing; as such, the Egypt–Gaza border is only open to the passage of people, not of goods. All cargo traffic must go through Israel, usually through the Israeli-controlled Kerem Shalom border crossing on the Gaza–Israel barrier.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Milos
The Diocese of Milos or Diocese of Melos (Latin: Dioecesis Milensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese located on the volcanic Greek island of Milos in the Aegean Sea, just north of the Sea of Crete. In 1700, it was suppressed. In 1800 it was restored as a Titular Episcopal See.

Diocese of Santorini
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Santorini (Latin: Dioecesis Sanctoriensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Santorini in the ecclesiastical province of Naxos, Andros, Tinos and Mykonos in Greece.
Car and Driver
Car and Driver (CD or C/D) is an American automotive enthusiast magazine first published in 1955. In 2006 its total circulation was 1.23 million. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, who purchased it from its prior owner Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. in 2011. It was founded as Sports Cars Illustrated. The magazine is based in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S.
Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., Inc. (HFM U.S.), originally known as CBS Publications,  was a subsidiary of Hachette Filipacchi Médias (one of the world's largest magazine publishers), and was based in New York City.
Bob Walker (footballer, born 1942)
Robert Walker (born 23 July 1942) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender. He played in the Football League for Brighton & Hove Albion, Bournemouth and Colchester United.

Walker began his career at non-league Gateshead before joining Football League club Brighton & Hove Albion in 1962. After one season he played the next with Southern League Ashford Town (Kent). At the start of the 1964–65 campaign he joined Football League club Hartlepool United but after a brief stay in which he made no appearances he returned to the Southern League for four matches with Margate. Early in 1965 Walker returned to the Football League joining Bournemouth. He subsequently moved to Colchester United for the 1967–68 season.

Thereafter Walker played non-league football for Dover, Bedford Town and Salisbury.

Ashford United F.C.
Ashford United F.C. are an English football club based in Ashford, Kent. The 'new' United was formed in 2011, resurrecting the name used by the town's football club between 1891 and 1907. Following the demise of the original Ashford United club in 1907 and through to 1928 Ashford was represented by Ashford Railway Works FC and after that between 1930 and 2010 by Ashford Town F.C. The current club is effectively a 'phoenix club' having risen from the ashes of the financial ruin of its predecessor. Although not a supporter owned club, like most non-league clubs, it relies on contributions of volunteers and supporters.

Ashford United are currently members of the Isthmian League South East Division following their record-breaking promotion from the Southern Counties East Football League in the 2016–17 season. They are one of very few semi-professional teams in England to have a synthetic 3G pitch, which is located at their home stadium 'The Green Box Stadium' formerly known as Homelands.
Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1995
Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1995 with the song "Dreamin'", written by Richard Abbott and Barry Woods, and performed by Eddie Friel. The Irish participating broadcaster, Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), selected its entry through a national final. In addition, RTÉ was also the host broadcaster for the third year in a row, and staged the event at the Point Theatre in Dublin for the second time in a row, after winning the previous edition with the song "Rock 'n' Roll Kids" by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan.

Rock 'n' Roll Kids
"Rock 'n' Roll Kids" is a song recorded by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan written by Brendan Graham. It represented Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 held in Dublin, resulting an unprecedented third consecutive time that the same country had won the contest, being Ireland's sixth overall win.
Algoma Light
The Algoma Light or Algoma Pierhead Light is a lighthouse located near Algoma in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin.

The lighthouse was first established in 1893 as a set of range lights. It was rebuilt in 1908, at which time it was a conical tower built of 5⁄16-inch (7.9 mm) steel plate, 8 feet (2.4 m) in diameter at the base and 7 feet (2.1 m) in diameter at the parapet. It stood 26 feet (7.9 m) high. In 1932, it was modified again and the entire structure was raised to a height of 42 feet (13 m) by placing the older tower on a new steel base 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter, that increased the focal height to forty-two feet. The station was automated in 1973. It is listed as number 20975 in the USCG light lists.

Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
Kewaunee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,563. Its county seat is Kewaunee. The county was created in 1852 and organized in 1859. Its Menominee name is Kewāneh, an archaic name for a species of duck. Kewaunee County is part of the Green Bay, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Green Bay-Shawano, WI Combined Statistical Area. Uniquely in Wisconsin, the county is considered both a high-farming concentration county and a high-manufacturing county by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, meaning at least 20 percent of its earnings came from agriculture and at least 25 percent came from manufacturing.
Last Exit (Traffic album)
Last Exit is the third album release by English rock band Traffic. Released in May 1969, it is a collection of odds and ends packaged by Island Records after the initial breakup of the band. The first half of the album consists predominantly of previously released A-sides and B-sides, while the second half were recordings taken from a March 1968 concert at the Fillmore Auditorium. The album reached number 19 in the American Billboard Top LPs chart.

Chris Wood (rock musician)
Christopher Gordon Blandford Wood (24 June 1944 – 12 July 1983) was a British rock musician, best known as a founding member of the rock band Traffic, along with Steve Winwood, Jim Capaldi and Dave Mason.
Javier Cámara
Javier Cámara Rodríguez (born 19 January 1967) is a Spanish actor.

He became known for two television roles as a priest in ¡Ay, señor, señor! and Éste es mi barrio. He has since featured in films such as Torrente, the Dumb Arm of the Law (which earned him wide public recognition in Spain), Talk to Her, Torremolinos 73, Living Is Easy with Eyes Closed, Truman and Forgotten We'll Be.

Other television credits include performances in series such as 7 vidas, The Young Pope and The New Pope (portraying a cleric again) or Narcos, likewise starring as the title character in the Juan Carrasco politico-satirical saga (Vota Juan, Vamos Juan and Venga Juan).

Memories of My Father
Memories of My Father (Spanish: El olvido que seremos), also known as Forgotten We'll Be, is a 2020 Colombian drama film directed by Fernando Trueba from a screenplay by David Trueba based on the book by Héctor Abad Faciolince. It stars Javier Cámara as Héctor Abad Gómez.

It was selected as the Colombian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 93rd Academy Awards.
Ava Lazar
Ava Lazar (born December 31) is an American actress most notable for her role as the first Santana Andrade in NBC's soap opera Santa Barbara. She has been seen in numerous film and television roles. Some better known productions she appeared in include Rocky II, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Scarface and Forever Young. Lazar is also a producer of three feature-length films, Nature of the Beast,  Mic and the Claw and Trafficking.

Lazar resides in Los Angeles and works as a life coach and creative consultant.

The Nature of the Beast (1995 film)
Nature of the Beast (European title: Bad Company, UK title: Hatchet Man) is a 1995 American direct-to-video mystery horror film written and directed by Victor Salva and starring Eric Roberts and Lance Henriksen.
Liptovská Mara
Liptovská Mara (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈliptɔwskaː ˈmara]) is a reservoir in northern Slovakia, on the Váh river near Liptovský Mikuláš, in the Liptov region. The dam is named after one of the inundated villages.

It was built in 1965–1975. The area of the reservoir is 22 km², max. depth is 45 m and the capacity is 360 mil. m³. During construction, thirteen villages were inundated and a major railway and road relocated. The main purpose of this dam is to prevent floods, although it also generates electricity.

Today, the dam is used as a recreational site. The reconstructed Celtic oppidum Havránok is situated on a hill above the dam.

Váh
The Váh (Slovak pronunciation: [ʋaːx]; German: Waag, pronounced [vaːk] ⓘ; Hungarian: Vág; Polish: Wag) is the longest river within Slovakia. Towns on the river include Liptovský Hrádok, Liptovský Mikuláš, Ružomberok, Vrútky, Žilina, Bytča, Považská Bystrica, Púchov, Ilava, Dubnica nad Váhom, Nemšová, Trenčín, Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Piešťany, Hlohovec, Sereď, Šaľa, Kolárovo and Komárno.
Wilson, Pushmataha County, Oklahoma
Wilson was a community in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma, United States, 12 miles north of Antlers.

A United States Post Office operated here from October 15, 1908, to August 15, 1910. No longer in existence, the community and its post office were named for Benjamin D. Wilson, first postmaster.

Pushmataha County, Oklahoma
Pushmataha County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,812. Its county seat is Antlers.

The county was created at statehood from part of the former territory of the Choctaw Nation, which had its capital at the town of Tuskahoma. Planned by the Five Civilized Tribes as part of a state of Sequoyah, the new Oklahoma state also named the county for Pushmataha, an important Choctaw chief in the American Southeast. He had tried to ensure that his people would not have to cede their lands, but died in Washington, DC during a diplomatic trip in 1824. The Choctaw suffered Indian Removal to Indian Territory.
Fuxinggang metro station
Fuxinggang station (Chinese: 復興崗; pinyin: Fùxīnggāng; formerly transliterated as Fuhsing Kang Station until 2003) is a Taipei Metro station on the Tamsui–Xinyi line located in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. In the past, the station belonged to the now-defunct TRA Tamsui Line.

The name of the station is derived from the nearby Fu Hsing Kang College, a military academy. The Taipei Metro Beitou Depot is located directly south of the station.

Beitou District
Beitou District is the northernmost of the twelve districts of Taipei City, Taiwan. The historical spelling of the district is Peitou. The name originates from the Ketagalan word Kipatauw, meaning witch. Beitou is the most mountainous and highest of Taipei's districts, encompassing a meadow with rivers running through the valley which have abundant steam rising from them; the result of geothermal warming.  The valley is often surrounded by mist shrouding the trees and grass. Beitou is famous for its hot springs. In March 2012, it was named one of the Top 10 Small Tourist Towns by the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan.
Fulvio Cacace
Fulvio Cacace (died 1 December 2003) was an Italian chemist.

In 1963, while at the Sapienza University of Rome, he devised the decay technique for the study of organic radicals and carbenium cations.  The technique is based on the preparation of compounds containing the radioactive isotope tritium in place of common hydrogen.  When the tritium undergoes beta decay, it is turned into a helium-3 atom, that detaches from the parent molecule, leaving the desired cation or radical behind.

The technique has made it possible to study the chemistry of a vast number of such radicals and ions, in all sorts of environments, including solids, liquids, and gases.  In particular, it has provided much of the knowledge of the chemistry of the helium hydride ion, specifically [3He3H]+.

Decay technique
In chemistry, the decay technique is a method to generate chemical species such as radicals, carbocations, and other potentially unstable covalent structures by radioactive decay of other compounds. For example, decay of a tritium-labeled molecule yields an ionized helium atom, which might then break off to leave a cationic molecular fragment.

The technique was developed in 1963 by the Italian chemist Fulvio Cacace at the University of Rome.  It has allowed the study of a vast number of otherwise inaccessible compounds and reactions.  It has also provided much of our current knowledge about the chemistry of the helium hydride ion [HeH]+.
Lövstad Castle
Lövstad Castle (Swedish: Lövstads slott) is a château situated near Norrköping, the province of Östergötland, Sweden. The name is sometimes spelled Löfstad, which is according to old Swedish spelling rules.

Lövstad originated in the 15th century, but the present building was erected in the 17th century by Axel Lillie (1603–1662). It came to the von Fersen family through Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie (1695–1745) who was the heir of her mother Hedvig Catharina Lillie  (1695-1745)  and to the Piper Family through Countess Sophie Piper (1757–1816), wife of Chamberlain  Adolf Ludwig Piper (1750–1795) and  sister of Count Axel von Fersen (1755–1810).

The present interior remained intact until the death of the last owner,  Emilie Piper (1857-1926). Lövstad came under the ownership of the Östergötlands museum  in 1940. The castle was opened to the public in 1942. Lövstad is today a museum open with guided tours.

Hedvig Catharina von Fersen
Hedvig Catharina von Fersen, née De la Gardie (20 May 1732 in Stockholm – 24 April 1800 in Stockholm) was a Swedish noble. She was the daughter of the General and riksråd count Magnus Julius De la Gardie and the political salonist Hedvig Catharina Lilje, and sister of scientist Eva Ekeblad.
Tomb Sculpture: Its Changing Aspects from Ancient Egypt to Bernini
Tomb Sculpture: Its Changing Aspects from Ancient Egypt to Bernini 1964 book by the German art historian Erwin Panofsky. It is based on a series of four lectures. The book has been highly influential on the to then underdeveloped study of funerary art.  Panofsky said that he was not satisfied with the book's completeness, and it became his last published work before his death in 1968. He acknowledged the challenge of scope in his introduction, admitting his reserve on impinging on the "preserves of many adjacent disciplines" in which he is not an expert.

Erwin Panofsky
Erwin Panofsky (March 30, 1892 – March 14, 1968) was a German-Jewish art historian whose work represents a high point in the modern academic study of iconography, including his hugely influential Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art and his seminal Early Netherlandish Painting.

Panofsky's ideas were highly influential in intellectual history in general, particularly in his use of historical ideas to interpret artworks and vice versa. Many of his books are still in print, including Studies in Iconology: Humanist Themes in the Art of the Renaissance (1939), Meaning in the Visual Arts (1955), and his 1943 study The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer. His academic career was pursued mostly in the U.S. after the rise of the Nazi regime.
James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead
James Henry Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead, KBE, PC (27 August 1920 – 9 March 2015), often known as Jim Molyneaux, was a unionist politician from Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) from 1979 to 1995, and as the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Antrim from 1970 to 1983, and later Lagan Valley from 1983 to 1997. An Orangeman, he was also Sovereign Grand Master of the Royal Black Institution from 1971 to 1995, and a leading member of the Conservative Monday Club.

Anglo-Irish Agreement
The Anglo-Irish Agreement was a 1985 treaty between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland which aimed to help bring an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The treaty gave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Ireland's government while confirming that there would be no change in the constitutional position of Northern Ireland unless a majority of its citizens agreed to join the Republic. It also set out conditions for the establishment of a devolved consensus government in the region.

The Agreement was signed on 15 November 1985, at Hillsborough Castle, by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach (prime minister) Garret FitzGerald.
Parmain
Parmain (French pronunciation: [paʁmɛ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. L'Isle-Adam–Parmain station has rail connections to Persan, Creil, Pontoise and Paris.

L'Isle-Adam–Parmain station
L'Isle-Adam–Parmain is a railway station in the commune of Parmain (Val-d'Oise department), France. The station is served by two Transilien H lines: Creil–Pontoise and Paris–Saint-Leu-la-Forêt–Persan-Beaumont. The daily number of passengers was between 500 and 2,500 in 2002.
The Glass Menagerie (1973 film)
The Glass Menagerie is a 1973 American drama television film based on the 1944 play of the same name by Tennessee Williams. It is directed by Anthony Harvey and stars Katharine Hepburn, Sam Waterston, Joanna Miles and Michael Moriarty. It marked the third screen adaptation of the play.  It originally aired on ABC as part of the network's ABC Theater series.

The Glass Menagerie was Katharine Hepburn's first appearance on television. She had initially been wary of the medium, but was convinced by the opportunity to work with friend Anthony Harvey, with whom she had made the successful film The Lion in Winter. Hepburn was also drawn to the project when she was told her niece Katharine Houghton could co-star as Laura, but Houghton eventually turned down the role.

The Glass Menagerie was one of the major television events of 1973, commanding high ratings. It received four Primetime Emmy Awards.

ABC Theater
ABC Theater is an American television anthology series that aired on ABC and featured dramatic presentations over a period of 12 years. Although some sources indicate the series began in 1974, ABC lists the first production in 1972, with irregular broadcasts until 1984.

Directors for the series of television movies included George Schaefer, Stanley Kramer, Joseph Papp, George Cukor, José Quintero, Daniel Petrie, Randal Kleiser and Delbert Mann.

Writers contributing original material for the series included James Costigan, Alice Childress, Lonne Elder III and Loring Mandel.

In 1973, ABC shared in a joint Peabody Award with NBC and CBS "for their outstanding contributions to entertainment through an exceptional year of televised drama."  The award particularly noted the ABC Theater productions of The Glass Menagerie and Pueblo.
Hasok Chang
Hasok Chang (Korean: 장하석; born March 26, 1967) is a South Korea-born American historian and philosopher of science currently serving as the Hans Rausing Professor at the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge and a board member of the Philosophy of Science Association. He previously served as president of the British Society for the History of Science from 2012 to 2014.

His areas of interest include the history and philosophy of chemistry and physics, the philosophy of scientific practice, measurement in quantum mechanics, realism, scientific evidence, pluralism and pragmatism.

Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge
The Department of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS), of the University of Cambridge is the largest department of history and philosophy of science in the United Kingdom. A majority of its submissions received maximum ratings of 4* and 3* in the 2014 REF (Research Excellence Framework). Located in the historic buildings of the Old Physical Chemistry Laboratories on Free School Lane, Cambridge, the department teaches undergraduate courses towards the Cambridge Tripos and graduate courses including a taught Masters and PhD supervision in the field of HPS.  The department shares its premises with the Whipple Museum and Whipple Library which provide important resources for its teaching and research.
Atri's Eclipse
Atri's Eclipse is a total solar eclipse mentioned in the Indian text Rigaveda. It has been claimed by some modern astronomical scholars to be the earliest reference of the solar eclipse mentioned in any historical astronomy of the world. The claim for the earliest reference of the total solar eclipse was published in a paper by the Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage.

Atri
Atri or Attri is a Vedic sage, who is credited with composing numerous shlokas to Agni, Indra, and other Vedic deities of Hinduism. Atri is one of the Saptarishi (seven great Vedic sages) in the Hindu tradition, and the one most mentioned in the Rigveda.

The fifth Mandala (Book 5) of the Rigveda is called the Atri Mandala in his honour, and the eighty seven shlokas in it are attributed to him and his descendants.

Atri is also mentioned in the Puranas and the Hindu epics of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
Lactucin
Lactucin is a bitter substance that forms a white crystalline solid and belongs to the group of sesquiterpene lactones.  It is found in some varieties of lettuce and is an ingredient of lactucarium. It is also found in dandelion coffee. It has been shown to have analgesic and sedative properties, which are speculated to occur via modulation of the GABAA receptor, as well as antimalarial activity.

Lactucarium
Lactucarium is the milky fluid secreted by several species of lettuce, especially Lactuca virosa, usually from the base of the stems.  It is known as lettuce opium because of its sedative and analgesic properties.  It has also been reported to promote a mild sensation of euphoria.  Because it is a latex, lactucarium physically resembles opium, in that it is excreted as a white fluid and can be reduced to a thick smokable solid.

Although the effect is not that comparable, with opium being so much more potent, it still is effective in people who have no opioid tolerance.