hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
North Nyasa Native Association
North Nyasa Native Association (NNNA) was the first indigenous political and welfare organisation established in the British protectorate of Nyasaland (present-day Malawi). It was founded in 1912 by a group of mission-educated Africans with the aim of promoting the social, political and economic interests of Africans under colonial rule. The organization had 3 official languages; Chitumbuka (Tumbuka), Chewa and English.

Levi Zililo Mumba
Levi Zililo Mumba (died January 1945) was a leading local politician and the first President of the Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) during the period of British colonial rule in Nyasaland, which became the independent state of Malawi in 1964. Mumba was probably the most important figure in the development of Malawi politics between World War I and World War II.
Wayside cross
A wayside cross is a cross by a footpath, track or road, at an intersection, along the edge of a field or in a forest. It can be made of wood, stone or metal. Stone crosses may also be conciliation crosses. Often they serve as waymarks for walkers and pilgrims or designate dangerous places.

Stone cross
Stone crosses (German: Steinkreuze) in Central Europe are usually bulky Christian monuments, some 80–120 cm (31–47 in) high and 40–60 cm (16–24 in) wide, that were almost always hewn from a single block of stone, usually granite, sandstone, limestone or basalt. They are amongst the oldest open-air monuments. A larger variant of the stone cross, with elements of a wayside shrine is called a shaft cross (Schaftkreuz).
Don Wilson (kickboxer)
Donald Glen Wilson (born September 10, 1954), nicknamed "the Dragon", is an American former professional kickboxer, boxer, actor, and martial artist. An 11-time world champion who scored 47 knockouts in four decades, he has been called by the STAR System Ratings as "perhaps the greatest kickboxer in American history. He has disposed of more quality competition than anyone we've ever ranked". In 2015, he was inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame.

Wilson was a fight commentator and interviewer in many of the early Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) events, beginning with UFC 7. As an actor, he is best known for starring in several B movie action films in the 1980s and 1990s, such as the Bloodfist series (from Bloodfist to Bloodfist VIII: Trained to Kill), the Ring of Fire series (from Ring of Fire to Ring of Fire III: Lion Strike), Red Sun Rising (1994), and the Cyber Tracker series (CyberTracker and CyberTracker 2).

Bloodfist
Bloodfist is a 1989 American martial arts film directed by Terence H. Winkless, starring Don "The Dragon" Wilson in his first feature starring role, Rob Kaman, Billy Blanks and Cris Aguilar. The plot sees an American former kickboxer travel to Manila, where he re-enters competition to avenge the murder of his brother and fellow fighter.

The film adds a whodunnit element to the template established by previous tournament fighting films, especially the then-recent Bloodsport. While negatively received, it generated record profits for Concorde Pictures, and kickstarted a long-running franchise of increasingly unrelated sequels and spinoffs. To bolster its credibility, Bloodfist listed the real-life martial arts credentials of its stars, not only on the poster but in the credits as well, a gimmick that carried over to other Concorde films and was copied by some competitors.
Alexis de Tocqueville Institution
The Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI) was a Washington, D.C.–based think tank.

AdTI was named after the French historian Alexis de Tocqueville. Founded in 1988, its president was Ken Brown and its chairman was Gregory Fossedal. At its peak it had 14 full-time staff researchers. In 2006, the organization ceased most operations, issuing its last press release in 2007 to announce that its former chairman, Mike Gravel, was running for President of the United States.

Gregory Fossedal
Gregory Fossedal (born 1959) is an American writer and political/economic theorist. He served as chairman of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution. Fossedal, Gordon Haff, Benjamin Hart, and Keeney Jones founded the Dartmouth Review in 1980. Fossedal graduated from Dartmouth College in 1981 magna cum laude with an A.B. in English literature.
SAPPRFT's Opinions On Strengthening The Programme Management of Satellite Television Channels
Opinions On Strengthening The Programme Management of Satellite Television Channels (Chinese: 关于进一步加强电视上星综合频道节目管理的意见) is a government directive ordered by the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (SAPPRFT) of China in 2011, aiming at stopping the over-emphasis on purely entertainment programmes in the satellite television channels in China.

National Radio and Television Administration
The National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) is a ministry-level executive agency controlled by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Its main task is the administration and supervision of state-owned enterprises engaged in the television and radio industries. Its current director is Cao Shumin.

It directly controls state-owned enterprises at the national level such as China Central Television, China National Radio, and China Radio International, as well as other movie and television studios and other non-business organizations.

The administration was formerly known as the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (SAPPRFT) from 2013 to 2018, and the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT) from 1998 to 2013.
Jean-Jacques Uhrich
Jean-Jacques Alexis Uhrich, (born 15 February 1802 in Phalsbourg, Moselle, France, died 9 October 1886 in Paris) was a French général de division (divisional general). He was the great uncle of Général d'armée Maurice Gamelin (1872–1958). Military governor of the city of Strasbourg in 1870, Uhrich is best known for his service during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) as the commander of French forces during the Siege of Strasbourg and for surrendering the city to German forces.

Phalsbourg
Phalsbourg (French pronunciation: [falsbuʁ]; German: Pfalzburg; Lorraine Franconian: Phalsburch) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France, with a population of about 5,000.

It lies high on the west slopes of the Vosges, 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Strasbourg. In 1911, it contained an Evangelical and a Roman Catholic church, a synagogue and a teachers' seminary. Its industries then included the manufacture of gloves, straw hats and liqueurs, and quarrying.
Void (fanzine)
Void was a major science fiction fanzine. It was started in the 1955 by Gregory Benford and his identical twin brother James (Jim) Benford, when they were living in Germany; then later co-edited by Gregory Benford, Ted White, Terry Carr, and Peter Graham. It is described in one reference work thus: "Void was the fanzine with many heads. Its many editors covered all aspects of fanac — criticism, humor, history and commentary." The Benford brothers edited Void  until 1958, when Jim retired and Ted White became co-editor. Pete Graham and Terry Carr later joined the editorial team. The fanzine was published regularly until 1962, with a final issue appearing in 1969.

James Benford
James Nelson Benford is an American physicist, High-Power Microwave (HPM) scientist, book author, science-fiction writer, and entrepreneur, best known for introducing novel technological concepts and conjectures related to the exploration of outer space, among these the design of laser-driven sailships, the possible use of co-orbital objects (moon, asteroids) by alien probes to spy on earth, and the appraisal of technical and safety issues associated with the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). He was born in Mobile, Alabama in 1941, as was his twin brother, science-fiction author Greg Benford. He has two children, the eldest being Dominic Benford, an astrophysicist and the Program Scientist for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
Dressed Up & in Line
Dressed Up & In Line is a B-sides and rarities album by the band Copeland. It was released on November 20, 2007. The album consists of B-sides, rarities, acoustic recordings, and remixes. Aaron Marsh, lead vocalist and lyricist of the band, said, "Nearly all of [the songs] have been spruced up and re-mixed."

The album was leaked to the Internet on November 9, 2007.

Copeland (band)
Copeland is an American rock band formed in 2001 by the singer, pianist Aaron Marsh (who also plays guitar) with his friend, the bass guitarist and backing vocalist James Likeness, in Lakeland, Florida. The band broke up in 2010 and reunited in April 2014.
Boscovich (crater)
Boscovich is a lunar impact crater that has been almost completely eroded away by subsequent impacts. It is located west-northwest of the crater Julius Caesar, and south-southeast of the prominent Manilius. The crater floor has a low albedo, and the dark hue makes it relatively easy to recognize. The surface is crossed by the rille system designated Rimae Boscovich that extends for a diameter of 40 kilometres. The crater is named after Croatian physicist Roger Joseph Boscovich.

Roger Joseph Boscovich
Roger Joseph Boscovich SJ (18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the Republic of Ragusa. He studied and lived in Italy and France where he also published many of his works.

Boscovich produced a precursor of atomic theory and made many contributions to astronomy, including the first geometric procedure for determining the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position. In 1753 he also discovered the absence of an atmosphere on the Moon.
Gimme Fiction
Gimme Fiction is the fifth studio album by American rock band Spoon. It was released on May 10, 2005, through Merge Records in the US and Matador Records in Europe. It debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200. "I Turn My Camera On" was released as a single and became one of the band's biggest hits. A deluxe reissue of the album was released on December 11, 2015, to commemorate its 10th anniversary.

Britt Daniel
John Britt Daniel (born April 14, 1971) is an American musician. He is the co-founder, lead singer and guitarist of the indie rock band Spoon, as well as the co-founder, guitarist, bassist, and singer of the band Divine Fits. Daniel also founded numerous other bands in the early 1990s.
Solnhofen
Solnhofen is a municipality in the district of Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen in the region of Middle Franconia in the Land of Bavaria in Germany.  It is in the Altmühl valley.

The local area is famous in geology and palaeontology for Solnhofen limestone.  This is a very fine-grained limestone from the Jurassic period Lagerstätte that preserves detailed fossil specimens.  Alois Senefelder used specially prepared blocks of the fine Solnhofen limestone for the process of lithography which he invented in 1798. The quarrying of this lithographic limestone subsequently yielded spectacular finds, including Archaeopteryx, commemorated in the bird's full name Archaeopteryx lithographica. All 14 known specimens have come from the Solnhofen area.

Lithographic limestone
Lithographic limestone is hard limestone that is sufficiently fine-grained, homogeneous and defect-free to be used for lithography.

Geologists use the term "lithographic texture" to refer to a grain size under 1/250 mm.

The term "sublithographic" is sometimes used for homogeneous fine-grained limestone with a somewhat coarser texture.
Be Still Please
Be Still Please is an album by Portastatic. It was released on Merge Records on October 10, 2006.

The album was recorded at Pox Studios with Zeno Gill, with additional recording at Room 8 in Carrboro, North Carolina. It was mixed at Overdub Lane in Durham, North Carolina, with John Plymale.

Portastatic
Portastatic is an American indie rock band founded in the early 1990s as a solo project of Mac McCaughan, singer and guitarist of the indie rock band Superchunk. The project has since expanded into a full band, sometimes including Superchunk guitarist Jim Wilbur and McCaughan's brother Matthew.

Tom Scharpling of the 18 Wheeler fanzine released McCaughan's solo material under the fanzine's own imprint in 1993, the "Starter" 7". Since then, McCaughan has recorded several records as Portastatic, covering genres including indie rock, lo-fi, soundtrack and Brazilian music.

The name "Portastatic" is derived from the TASCAM Portastudio home recording device.
2014 Uruguayan general election
General elections were held in Uruguay on 26 October 2014, alongside a constitutional referendum. As no presidential candidate received an absolute majority in the first round of voting, a runoff took place on 30 November. Primary elections to determine each party's presidential candidate had been held on 1 June.

Incumbent President José Mujica was ineligible to run owing to a constitutional limit on serving consecutive terms. The governing Broad Front nominated Mujica's predecessor, Tabaré Vázquez, as its candidate. Vázquez came within a few thousand votes of a first-round victory and advanced to the runoff with National Party candidate Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, son of former president Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera. In the runoff, Vázquez was returned to office with the widest margin since the run-off system was first implemented in 1999. The Broad Front also maintained its majority in the Chamber of Deputies, winning 50 of the 99 seats.

2014 Uruguayan constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum, officially referred to as the referendum to lower the age of criminal responsibility (Spanish: plebiscito para bajar la edad de imputabilidad), was held in Uruguay on 26 October 2014, alongside general elections. Voters were asked whether Article 43 of the Constitution should be amended to lower the age of criminal responsibility from 18 to 16. The proposal was rejected by 53% of voters.
Lew F. Porter
Lew Forster Porter (July 6, 1862 – April 15, 1918), sometimes spelled as Lew Foster Porter, was an American architect and civil engineer from Peru, Illinois. During Porter's career he was one of the principal builders of the Wisconsin State Capitol as well as the capitol building commission's permanent secretary. Porter was a longtime business partner of Allan Conover and was the co-owner of their architectural and engineering firm, Conover & Porter. Porter was also the architectural mentor of Frank Lloyd Wright who was an apprentice under both Conover and Porter.

Fire Station No. 4 (Madison, Wisconsin)
The Fire Station No. 4 was built in 1904 a mile west of the capitol in Madison, Wisconsin, when fire engines were still pulled by horses. In 1984 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.

Title of honor
A title of honor or honorary title is a title bestowed upon individuals or organizations as an award in recognition of their merits.

Sometimes the title bears the same or nearly the same name as a title of authority, but the person bestowed does not have to carry out any duties, except for ceremonial ones. The title may sometimes be temporary, only valid for the individual's visit or for a single day, though they can also be permanent titles. In some cases, these titles are bestowed posthumously.

Some historical honorary titles may be bought, like certain titles of nobility. This has long been a matter of fraud, both outright and indirect. Honorary titles also serve as positions of sinecure and honorary retirement.
Kozhi Koovuthu (1982 film)
Kozhi Koovuthu (Tamil pronunciation: [koːɭi] transl. The chicken is clucking) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language romantic musical film written and directed by Gangai Amaran in his debut. The film stars Prabhu, Suresh, Smitha and Viji in her acting debut. The film has music by Ilaiyaraaja, cinematography by P. S. Nivas, editing by B. Lenin, and was released on 25 December 1982. The film was remade in Telugu as Veerabhadrudu (1984).

Prabhu (actor)
Prabhu Ganesan (born 27 December 1956), known professionally as Prabhu, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is the youngest son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan. Prabhu was one of the leading actors in Tamil cinema in the 80s and 90s. He is popularly known as Ilaya Thilagam. He has worked in more than 220 films in lead and supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films.

After making his debut in Sangili (1982), Prabhu played various leading and supporting roles, earning the Best Actor award recognition by the Tamil Nadu State for his portrayal in Chinna Thambi (1991).
Bladon Springs, Alabama
Bladon Springs is an unincorporated community in Choctaw County, Alabama, United States. The community grew up around and gained its name from the mineral springs that once were operated as a renowned hotel and spa, now within the modern Bladon Springs State Park. The community itself featured many ornate homes and cottages built as summer residences by people from other parts of the state and elsewhere.  Much of the community is part of the Bladon Springs Historic District, listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on April 1, 1976.

In 1880 and 1890, Bladon Springs was listed on the U.S. Census as having 573 and 440 persons, making it the then-most populous community in Choctaw County.

Choctaw County, Alabama
Choctaw County is a county located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,665. The county seat is Butler. The county was established on December 29, 1847, and named for the Choctaw tribe of Native Americans.
Yassin Mahi Mallin
Yassin Mahi Mallin (also spelled Yaasiin Maaxi Macalin) is a Somali-born Swedish politician, educator, and former police officer. He is the founder of the Somali Social Unity Party (SSUP), a political organization advocating for national unity, social reform, and merit-based governance in Somalia.

Mallin was born in Somalia and later migrated to Sweden serving in public roles as a police officer and teacher. Mallin has remained engaged in both Somali and Swedish politics. In 2012, Mallin announced his candidacy for Somalia's presidency. In 2014, he also contested for a parliament seat in Sweden's national elections nominated by the Swedish Social Democratic Party, he served as a member of the regional parliament of Södermanland County. Mallin withdrew from the 2017 Somali presidential election due to corruption concerns and in 2021, he ran for a seat in the Somali Parliament.

Somali Social Unity Party
The Somali Social Unity Party (SSUP) is a political party in Somalia founded in 2004, by a group of Somali intellectuals, youth, and exiled politicians. The party advocates for national unity, democratic governance, and social development, both within Somalia and among the Somali diasporas.
Spinkhill
Spinkhill is a small village in North East Derbyshire, England. It is approximately one mile south of the nearest town, Killamarsh, and half a mile north-east of Renishaw.

It is home to the Church of the Immaculate Conception and its associated Catholic Primary School. Spinkhill is also home to Mount St Mary's College, a large private school. The village has historical links to the Roman Catholic Church via the Poles family.

The village has a pub and a café. Other economic activity comes from the several farms situated around the village.

The village has a small bus station and is served by a handful of bus services to Sheffield and Chesterfield via Killamarsh and Renishaw respectively. Spinkhill railway station served the village prior to its permanent closure in 1958.

North East Derbyshire
North East Derbyshire is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. The council is based in the large village of Wingerworth. The district also includes the towns of Dronfield and Clay Cross as well as numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Chesterfield (which it almost surrounds), Bolsover, Amber Valley, Derbyshire Dales, Sheffield and Rotherham.
Rebecca T. Ruark
Rebecca T. Ruark is a Chesapeake Bay skipjack built at Taylor's Island, Maryland.  She is homeported at Tilghman Island, Maryland.  Built in 1896, she is the oldest surviving skipjack in the Chesapeake Bay fleet.  She was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003.

Skipjack (boat)
The skipjack is a traditional fishing boat used on the Chesapeake Bay for oyster dredging. It is a sailboat which succeeded the bugeye as the chief oystering boat on the bay, and it remains in service due to laws restricting the use of powerboats in the Maryland state oyster fishery.
La Chair de l'orchidée
La Chair de l'orchidée (The Flesh of the Orchid) is a 1975 film by Patrice Chéreau as his directorial debut, adapted by him and by Jean-Claude Carrière from the 1948 book The Flesh of the Orchid by British writer James Hadley Chase, "a pulp-novel sequel to No Orchids for Miss Blandish" (1939). The film stars Charlotte Rampling, Simone Signoret, Bruno Cremer, Edwige Feuillère and, in a cameo, Alida Valli.

Jean-Claude Carrière
Jean-Claude Carrière (French: [ka.ʁjɛʁ]; 17 September 1931 – 8 February 2021) was a French novelist, screenwriter and actor. He received an Academy Award for best short film for co-writing Heureux Anniversaire (1963), and was later given an Honorary Oscar in 2014. He was nominated for the Academy Award three other times for his work in The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (1972), That Obscure Object of Desire (1977), and The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988). He also won a César Award for Best Original Screenplay in The Return of Martin Guerre (1983).

Carrière was an alumnus of the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud and was president of La Fémis, the French state film school that he helped establish. He was noted as a frequent collaborator with Luis Buñuel on the screenplays of the latter's late French films.