hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wabasha County, Minnesota
Wabasha County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,387. Its county seat is Wabasha.

Wabasha County is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge
The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge is a 240,000-acre (970 km2), 261-mile-long (420 km) National Wildlife Refuge located in and along the Upper Mississippi River. It runs from Wabasha, Minnesota, in the north to Rock Island, Illinois, in the south.

In its northern portion, it is in the Driftless Area, a region of North America that remained free from ice during the last ice age. Certain parcels contained within the refuge were later transferred to the Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge.

The refuge is an important element of the Mississippi Flyway. It has many wooded islands, sloughs, and hardwood forests. The wildlife found here include the canvasback duck, tundra swan, white-tailed deer, and muskrat. Recreational activities include boating, hunting, fishing, and swimming.

Refuge Headquarters are located in Winona, Minnesota, with district offices located in La Crosse, Wisconsin, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, and Thomson, Illinois.
Southpark Village
Southpark Village is a housing estate in the Darnley area of the Scottish city of Glasgow. The northwestern area was built during the mid to late 1980s, but the southeastern part was built in the late 2010s. It is located on the south-western edge of the city, close to the towns of Barrhead and Newton Mearns in East Renfrewshire. Nearby areas within Glasgow itself are the rest of Darnley to the north, Deaconsbank to the east, and Parkhouse to the northwest, although Southpark is physically separated from all but the rest of Darnley by the Dams to Darnley Country Park and M77 motorway.

Dams to Darnley Country Park
Dams to Darnley Country Park is a 1,350-acre (550-hectare) country park in the East Renfrewshire and Glasgow areas, in Scotland. The park comprises the historic greenspace between the towns of Barrhead and Newton Mearns in East Renfrewshire, and the areas of Darnley, Parkhouse and Southpark Village in south Glasgow. Being designated in 2004, it is one of the newest country parks in Scotland.
Fort Pikit
Fort Pikit is a Spanish colonial era stone fortification which was built in what is now known as the town of Malidegao in Cotabato.  The fortification consists of two towers installed with artillery batteries and a rubble wall which measures 38 meters (125 ft) a side. It was intended to house a military officer, 60 infantrymen and 6 artillerymen by its Spanish builders.

It is situated at the back of the Municipal Hall of Pikit. on a hill facing the National Highway.

Pikit
Pikit, officially the Municipality of Pikit (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Pikit, Jawi: ايڠد نو ڤيكت; Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Pikit; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Pikit; Tagalog: Bayan ng Pikit)  is a municipality in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 67,024 people.
Pendleton Correctional Facility
The Pendleton Correctional Facility, formerly known as the Indiana Reformatory, is a state prison located in Fall Creek Township, Madison County, near Pendleton and about 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Indianapolis. Established in 1923, it was built to replace the Indiana State Reformatory located in Jeffersonville after a fire severely damaged the original property. The Pendleton facility currently offers maximum and minimum-security housing for adult males over 22 years old. The maximum-security portion is made up of 31 acres (130,000 m2) surrounded by a concrete wall. It has an average daily population of approximately 1,650 inmates.   Archived 2006-09-06 at the Wayback Machine  Located on the grounds outside the enclosure, the minimum-security dormitory holds approximately 200 prisoners on a daily basis.

Murders of Abigail Williams and Liberty German
The murders of Abigail Williams and Liberty German, also known as the Delphi murders, occurred on February 13, 2017, in Delphi, Indiana, United States. Their bodies were discovered near the Monon High Bridge Trail, part of the Delphi Historic Trails, from where the girls disappeared the previous day. The murders received extensive media coverage, in part due to video and audio recordings released by law enforcement that came from German's smartphone, which recorded an individual believed to be the killer.

The case remained unresolved for five years until 2022 when Richard M. Allen was arrested and charged with the murders. He was found guilty in 2024 and sentenced to 130 years in prison.
McEwen, Oregon
McEwen is an unincorporated community in Baker County, Oregon, United States. McEwen lies on Oregon Route 7 east of its interchange with Oregon Route 410. McEwen is about 6 miles (10 km) southeast of Sumpter along the Powder River.

McEwen was founded as a logging town, platted in 1891, and then was a rail stop on the Sumpter Valley Railway. It was named after a Mormon missionary who converted Charles W. Nibley's parents to the LDS Church.

Oregon Geographic Names links the community name to Thomas McEwen, a settler who filed a land claim here in 1888. The McEwen post office opened in 1893 and closed in 1943.

Sumpter, Oregon
Sumpter is a city in Baker County, Oregon, United States. The population was 204 at the 2020 census.  Sumpter is named after Fort Sumter by its founders. The name was inspired by a rock as smooth and round as a cannonball, which reminded a local resident of the American Civil War and Fort Sumter.
Atari Transputer Workstation
The Atari Transputer Workstation (also known as ATW-800, or simply ATW) is a workstation class computer released by Atari Corporation in the late 1980s, based on the INMOS Transputer. It was introduced in 1987 as the Abaq, but the name was changed before sales began. Sales were almost non-existent, and the product was canceled after only a few hundred units were made.

Inmos
Inmos International plc (trademark INMOS) and two operating subsidiaries, Inmos Limited (UK) and Inmos Corporation (US), was a British semiconductor company founded by Iann Barron, Richard Petritz, and Paul Schroeder in July 1978. Inmos Limited’s head office and design office were at Aztec West business park in Bristol, England.
Uhldingen-Mühlhofen
Uhldingen-Mühlhofen (German pronunciation: [ˈuːldɪŋən myːlˈhoːfn̩]) is a municipality at the northern shore of Lake Constance, Germany between Überlingen and Meersburg. The town is a popular holiday destination and home to the Pfahlbauten open-air museum in Unteruhldingen and the Birnau basilica.

Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer
Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer (baptized 6 March 1696 – 2 January 1770) was an important Rococo stuccoist and sculptor, active in southern Germany and Switzerland. He dominated artistic production in the region around Lake Constance with his work for churches and monasteries.
Puven Pather
Puven Pather is an Australian film director, screenwriter, actor and stunt performer born in South Africa.

Puven has been married to actress Jessica Gower since 2004, and the couple have a daughter named Sequoia.

Jessica Gower
Jessica Gower (born 1977, also credited as Jess Gower) is an Australian actress.

Gower graduated from the Australian National Theatre Drama School in 2000. Gower's first claim to fame was as a starstruck but confused fan in a 2001 television commercial for Telstra featuring John Farnham and Glenn Wheatley. However, she is best known to Australian and international audiences as the character Sam in the first season of the Network Ten drama The Secret Life of Us. She also appeared in the Foxtel series Crash Palace, the Seven Network's All Saints and the 2002 film Blurred.

Gower played Chase, a villainous vampire on Blade: The Series, which debuted on Spike TV on 28 June 2006. The show was cancelled after one season. In the 2010s Gower returned to Australia, making guest appearances on Wilfred, Mr & Mrs Murder, Winners & Losers, Nowhere Boys and the film The Very Excellent Mr. Dundee.
2020 California Proposition 13
Proposition 13 (officially named as the "Public Preschool, K-12, and College Health and Safety Bond Act of 2020") was a failed California ballot proposition on the March 3, 2020, ballot that would have authorized the issuance of $15 billion in bonds to finance capital improvements for public and charter schools statewide. The proposition would have also raised the borrowing limit for some school districts and eliminated school impact fees for multifamily housing near transit stations.

The "yes" campaign had widespread support amongst political, education and business organizations and spent roughly $10 million to support the measure. The "no" campaign was chiefly led by the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, who spent $250,000 to oppose the measure.

Proposition 13 was defeated, becoming the first school bond rejected by California's voters since 1994.

2020 California elections
Elections were held in California on November 3, 2020. Unlike previous election cycles, the primary elections were held on Super Tuesday, March 3, 2020.

In addition to the U.S. presidential race, California voters elected all of California's seats to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the State Assembly, and all odd-numbered seats of the State Senate. Neither of the state's two U.S. Senate seats were up for election in 2020.

Pursuant to Proposition 14 passed in 2010, California uses a nonpartisan blanket primary for almost all races, with the presidential primary races being the notable exception. Under the nonpartisan blanket primary system, all the candidates for the same elected office, regardless of respective political party, run against each other at once during the primary. The candidates receiving the most and second-most votes in the primary election then become the contestants in the general election.
Matthew Rolston
Matthew Russell Rolston is an American artist, photographer, director and creative director, known for his lighting techniques and detailed approach to art direction and design. Rolston has been identified throughout his career with the revival and modern expression of Hollywood glamour.

Rolston's career spans photography, film, creative direction, experiential design, branding, product design, fine art, publishing, and arts education.

TeNeues
teNeues (pronounced "teh-noy-es") is a publishing company founded by Dr. Heinz teNeues in Krefeld, Germany, in 1931. It is a third-generation family firm and one of the leading book publishers in the areas of photography, design, lifestyle, and travel. teNeues publishes coffee table books (focusing on fashion, travel and interior design), illustrated calendars, and stationery products such as blank books and greeting cards.
Ontario Highway 94
King's Highway 94, commonly referred to as Highway 94, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that serves as a southeast bypass of North Bay. The route begins at Highway 654, near an interchange with Highway 11 south of Callander. It connects with Highway 17 after passing near Corbeil, a total distance of 12.0 kilometres (7.5 mi).

Highway 94 was first assumed in 1937 to provide tourist access to the Dionne Quintuplets, whom lived near Corbeil. It was extended by several kilometres along the former alignment of Highway 11 when the Callander Bypass opened in 1987. Otherwise, the route has remained unchanged.

Ontario Highway 654
Secondary Highway 654, commonly referred to as Highway 654, is a secondary highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The highway is 23.1 kilometres (14.4 mi) in length, connecting Highway 534 south of Nipissing with Highway 11 in Callander. The route was designated in 1964, and has remained unchanged since then. It is sparsely travelled, but paved throughout its length.
Dodo Kuranosuke
Dodo Kuranosuke (百々内蔵助, died 1560) was a Japanese samurai, and was a retainer of the Rokkaku clan until 1558, when he launched a rebellion against Rokkaku clan.

After he betrayed Rokkaku Yoshikata, and then fled to the safety of Sawayama Castle in present-day Shiga Prefecture, Honshu. Kuranosuke was besieged there, but held off every enemy attack until a force of ninja under Tateoka Doshun infiltrated and burnt the castle.

In 1560 his forces aided the Azai clan at the Battle of Norada against the Rokkaku. He fought his archenemy until the end, when he died in battle with them.

Battle of Norada
The Battle of Norada (野良田の戦い) took place during Japan's Sengoku period between forces under Azai Nagamasa and Rokkaku Yoshikata in the year 1560.

Azai Nagamasa had previously been a retainer under the Rokkaku clan, and sought independence from the Rokkaku; Rokkaku Yoshikata meanwhile sought to consolidate his power through subjugation of the Azai.
Cowboy Bob Ellis
Robert Al Ellis (March 15, 1929 – December 21, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He wrestled under the ring name, Cowboy Bob Ellis for over 20 years in various wrestling promotions in the States, Canada and Australia. He was a two-time WWA World Heavyweight Champion in Indianapolis. He is known as the inventor of the bulldog.

Cauliflower Alley Club
The Cauliflower Alley Club is a non-profit fraternal organization, which includes a newsletter and website, comprising both retired and active professional wrestlers and boxers in North America.

Established in 1965 by Mike Mazurki and Art Abrams, the organization hosts an annual reunion dinner which has traditionally been attended by celebrities and other professional athletes. Several historical Hollywood locations have been home to the reunion banquets such as the Masquer's Club, the Roosevelt Hotel and the Old Spaghetti Factory as well as The Riviera and the RMS Queen Mary.

Its registered symbol is a solid silver mold of Mazurki’s left ear, which was afflicted by cauliflower ear, a common permanent injury among athletes who compete in violent contact sports, one also pictured in its club logo, and its newsletter is accordingly named The EAR.
Communes of the Creuse department
The following is a list of the 255 communes of the Creuse department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):

Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Guéret

Communauté de communes de Bénévent-Grand-Bourg

Communauté de communes Creuse Confluence

Communauté de communes Creuse Grand Sud

Communauté de communes Creuse Sud Ouest

Haute-Corrèze Communauté (partly)

Communauté de communes Marche et Combraille en Aquitaine

Communauté de communes du Pays Dunois

Communauté de communes du Pays Sostranien

Communauté de communes Portes de la Creuse en Marche

Communauté de communes de Bénévent-Grand-Bourg
The communauté de communes de Bénévent-Grand-Bourg  was created on 13 July 2000 and is located in the Creuse département of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, in central France. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Monts et Vallées Ouest Creuse in January 2017, but this merger was revoked and the former communautés de communes were recreated on 31 December 2019. Its seat is Le Grand-Bourg. Its area is 389.4 km2. Its population was 6,924 in 2018.

It comprises the following 16 communes:
Arginine finger
In molecular biology, an arginine finger is an amino acid residue of some enzymes. Arginine fingers are often found in the protein superfamily of AAA+ ATPases, GTPases, and dUTPases, where they assist in the catalysis of the gamma phosphate or gamma and beta phosphates from ATP or GTP, which creates a release of energy which can be used to perform cellular work. They are also found in GTPase-activating proteins (GAP). Thus, they are essential for many forms of life, and are highly conserved. Arginine fingers function through non-covalent interactions. They may also assist in dimerization, and while they are found in a wide variety of enzymes, they are not ubiquitous.

GTPase-activating protein
GTPase-activating proteins or GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) are a family of regulatory proteins whose members can bind to activated G proteins and stimulate their GTPase activity, with the result of terminating the signaling event.  GAPs are also known as RGS protein, or RGS proteins, and these proteins are crucial in controlling the activity of G proteins.  Regulation of G proteins is important because these proteins are involved in a variety of important cellular processes.  The large G proteins, for example, are involved in transduction of signaling from the G protein-coupled receptor for a variety of signaling processes like hormonal signaling, and small G proteins are involved in processes like cellular trafficking and cell cycling.  GAP's role in this function is to turn the G protein's activity off.  In this sense, GAPs function is opposite to that of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which serve to enhance G protein signaling.
Mweka, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mweka is a town in southern-central Democratic Republic of the Congo, situated on the Kasai railway line between Kananga (250 km away) and the Kasai River port of Ilebo (172 km away).

Mweka is also the headquarters of the Territoire de Mweka (administrative district which is one of the territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ) of the present Kasai Province.

Its cathedral is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mweka.

Mweka Territory
Mweka is a territory in Kasai province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The territory contains the town of Mweka, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the towns of Bulape, Kakenge and Tshimpumpu. It also contains the chiefdom of Bakuba (see Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo).

In 2025 Mweka Territory contains 4 health zones including Mweka health zone, Bulape health zone, Kakenge health zone and Mushenge health zone.
Alan McCurrie
Alan McCurrie (birth registered fourth ¼ 1953) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Cumbria, and at club level for Hensingham in Whitehaven), Whitehaven (two spells), Wakefield Trinity, Oldham and Halifax, as a hooker.

Hensingham A.R.L.F.C.
Hensingham ARLFC is an amateur Rugby league club based in Whitehaven. Founded in 1900, It wasn't until 1920 that the Club changed its allegiances to Rugby League. Hensingham are one of the oldest rugby clubs in the country. They now play their rugby in the NCL Division Two.
Longdale Furnace, Virginia
Longdale Furnace is an unincorporated community located east of Clifton Forge in Alleghany County, Virginia, United States.

Much of the community was designated a national historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The district encompasses 27 contributing buildings, eight contributing sites and three contributing structures historically associated with the Longdale Iron Company foundries' operations and personnel.  It includes the original stone furnace stack (1827), two-story Longdale Iron Company Office (late-1820s), Longdale Iron Company Laboratory, two tall cylindrical brick chimneys, brick machine shop, Firmstone-Johnson House (1870s–1880s), the Queen Anne-style Assistant Manager's House (1870s–1880s), and the Company Doctor's Office.

Clifton Forge, Virginia
Clifton Forge is a town in Alleghany County, Virginia, United States which is part of the greater Roanoke Region.  The population was 3,555 at the 2020 census. The Jackson River flows through the town, which as a result was once known as Jackson's River Station.

Clifton Forge was an independent city during the 2000 census. However, in 2001, Clifton Forge gave up its city status and reverted to a town. In previous decades, the railroad was a major employer. Clifton Forge is known for its mountain views and clear streams.
Cardinal Vicar
Cardinal vicar (Italian: Cardinale Vicario) is a title commonly given to the vicar general of the Diocese of Rome for the portion of the diocese within Italy (i.e. excluding the portion within Vatican City). The official title, as given in the Annuario Pontificio, is vicar general of His Holiness.

The bishop of Rome is responsible for the spiritual administration of this diocese, but because the bishop of Rome is the pope, with many other responsibilities, he appoints a cardinal vicar with ordinary power to assist in this task. Canon law requires all Catholic dioceses to have one or more vicars general, but the cardinal vicar functions more like a de facto diocesan bishop than do other vicars general. The holder has usually been a cardinal.

A similar position exists to administer the spiritual needs of the Vatican City, known as the vicar general for Vatican City or, more exactly, Vicar General of His Holiness for Vatican City.

Suburbicarian diocese
The seven suburbicarian dioceses (Latin: dioeceses suburbicariae, Italian: sedi suburbicarie) are Catholic dioceses located in the vicinity of Rome, whose (titular) bishops are the (now six) ordinary members of the highest-ranking order of cardinals, the cardinal bishops (to which the cardinal patriarchs were added). Pope Francis had, in addition, co-opted five cardinals of the Latin Church to join the ranks of the cardinal bishops.

Being awarded the titular title of a suburbicarian see is considered more an honor or prestige than aimed towards a functional intent.
Aleksandr Gurevich
Aleksandr Viktorovich Gurevich (Russian: Александр Викторович Гуревич; 19 September 1930 – 21 July 2023) was a Soviet and Russian physicist. In 1992 he proposed the theory of lightning initiation known as the "runaway breakdown".

Gurevich was born on 19 September 1930. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1952. In 1984 he became a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences since 1991). He was the head of the I. E. Tamm Theoretical Department at the Lebedev Physical Institute. From 2010 he was the head of Academic Department of Physics and Astrophysics Problems in Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

Aleksandr Gurevich died on 21 July 2023, at the age of 92.

Runaway breakdown
Runaway breakdown is a theory of lightning initiation proposed by Alex Gurevich in 1992.

Electrons in air have a mean free path of ~1 cm.  Fast electrons which move at a large fraction of the speed of light have a mean free path up to 100 times longer.  Given the longer free paths, an electric field can accelerate these electrons to energies far higher than those of initially static electrons.  If they strike air molecules, more relativistic electrons will be released, creating an avalanche multiplication of "runaway" electrons.  This process, called the relativistic runaway electron avalanche, has been hypothesized to lead to electrical breakdown in thunderstorms, but only when a source of high-energy electrons from a cosmic ray is present to start the "runaway" process.

The resulting conductive plasma trail, many tens of meters long, is suggested to supply the "seed" which triggers a lightning flash.
2015 United SportsCar Championship
The 2015 United SportsCar Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2015 Tudor United SportsCar Championship) was the second season of the International Motor Sports Association's United SportsCar Championship and the last to be held under that name. It was also the 45th overall season of the IMSA GT championship tracing its lineage to the 1971 IMSA season. It began on January 24 with the 24 Hours of Daytona. and ended on October 3 at Petit Le Mans.

The Racer's Group
The Racer's Group, or TRG, is a WeatherTech SportsCar Championship racing team located in Petaluma, California, owned by Kevin Buckler and his wife Debra. TRG has competed professionally in road racing since 1995. The team formerly competed in NASCAR as TRG Motorsports from 2007 to 2011.