hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hugh Murnin
Hugh Murnin (12 July 1865 – 11 March 1932) born Bathgate was a Scottish politician, Labour MP for Stirling and Falkirk Burghs from 1922 to 1923, and from 1924 to 1931.

Murnin left elementary school aged nine, entered the mines, and worked his way up to become checkweighman at Bannockburn Colliery in 1891, then agent to the Stirlingshire Miners' County Union from 1897, and serving as President of the National Union of Scottish Mineworkers from 1920 to 1922, then as vice-president for a few more years.

A Roman Catholic, Murnin apparently suggested the formation of a centrist Scottish Catholic party in 1912. Like Joseph Sullivan (1866–1935), another Catholic miner, Murnin first managed to be elected to Parliament in 1922.

National Union of Scottish Mineworkers
The National Union of Scottish Mineworkers (NUSW) is a trade union in Scotland, founded in 1894 as the Scottish Miners Federation.  It joined the Miners' Federation of Great Britain, and in 1914 changed its name to National Union of Scottish Mineworkers.  It survives as the National Union of Mineworkers (Scotland Area).

During the 1920s and 1930s the union was strongly affected by socialist and communist leadership as its members fought for better wages and living conditions. During World War II, they strongly supported government with increased production from the mines. In 1944 with the establishment of the National Union of Mineworkers, the NUSM became its "Scottish Area," with less autonomy. In the late 20th century, the mining industry declined dramatically in Scotland and across Great Britain, putting thousands of men out of work.
Andrzej Jastrzębski
Andrzej Jastrzębski (born October 16, 1939) is a Polish jazz tuba player.

He debuted in 1960 as a member of Beat Back Step Jazz. In the period 1962-1967 he was associated with the Ragtime Jazz Band. He was the founder of the band Hagaw, with whom he collaborated from 1964 until the end of 1965. In the years 1969-1983 he belonged to the Vistula River Brass Band.

In 1983, along with jazz pianist Mieczysławem Mazurem, he founded the Ragtime Duo. This cooperation lasted until late 1987 and 1988. Then in 1989-1992 he joined the Warsaw Snajpers.

Hagaw
Hagaw, also known as Asocjacja Hagaw, is a Polish traditional jazz band, formed as a quintet at the Klub Stodoła in Warsaw in 1964 by Andrzej Jastrzębski, and named from the initials of the first names of its founding members. The original lineup consisted of Jastrzębski, Grzegorz Brudko, Henryk Kowalski, Wiesław Papliński, and Andrzej Bielecki. The lineup has since changed many times.
Croats (military unit)
The Croats, also known as Cravats or Crabats, were 17th-century light cavalry forces in Central Europe, comparable to the hussars. The Croats were initially irregular units loosely organized in bands. The first regular Croat regiment was established in 1625.

The most notable engagement of the Croats was their participation on the Habsburg side in the Thirty Years' War, serving in the Imperial Army or within the troops of the Catholic League. 
At the height of the Thirty Years' War, as many as 20,000 Croatian cavalry were in the service of the Imperial Army, including the majority of Wallenstein's harquebusiers.

The name came to be used as a generic term for light cavalry from the area of the Habsburg Military Frontier rather than an ethnic designation, and included ethnic Croats, Hungarians, Serbs, Wallachians, Poles, Cossacks, Albanians and Tatars.

Irregular military
Irregular military is any military component distinct from a country's regular armed forces, representing non-standard militant elements outside of conventional governmental backing. Irregular elements can consist of militias, private armies, mercenaries, or other non-state actors, though no single definition exists beyond exclusion from national service.  Without standard military unit organization, various more general names are often used; such organizations may be called a troop, group, unit, column, band, or force. Irregulars are soldiers or warriors that are members of these organizations, or are members of special military units that employ irregular military tactics.  This also applies to irregular infantry and irregular cavalry units.

Irregular warfare is warfare employing the tactics commonly used by irregular military organizations. This often overlaps with asymmetrical warfare, avoiding large-scale combat and focusing on small, stealthy, hit-and-run engagements.
Litherland (ward)
Litherland is a Metropolitan Borough of Sefton ward in the Bootle Parliamentary constituency that covers the southern part of the locality of Litherland. The ward population taken at the 2011 census was 11,231.

Litherland
Litherland is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside. Until 1899 it was within the historic county of Lancashire. It was an urban district, which included Seaforth and Ford. It neighbours Waterloo to the north, Seaforth to the west, and Bootle to the south and is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Liverpool city centre.
Marie-Thérèse Bourgeois Chouteau
Marie-Thérèse Bourgeois Chouteau (January 14, 1733 – August 14, 1814) was the matriarch of the Chouteau fur trading family, which founded communities throughout the Midwest.  She is considered the "Mother" of St. Louis, and was influential in its founding and development. She helped lead it to becoming an important American town and the Gateway to the West.

Chouteau
Chouteau is a highly-successful French Creole furtrading family based in St. Louis, Missouri.

Their ancestors Chouteau and Laclède initially settled in New Orleans. They then moved up the Mississippi River and established posts in the Midwest and Western United States, particularly along the Missouri River and in the Southwest. They co-founded St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri. Many locations were named after the family.
Badlands Big Sticks
The Badlands Big Sticks are a collegiate summer baseball team that plays in the Northwoods League. Based in Dickinson, North Dakota, the Big Sticks play their home games at Dakota Community Bank & Trust Ballpark.

Northwoods League
The Northwoods League is a collegiate summer wooden-bat baseball and softball league. The teams are located in the Northwoods region of the Upper Midwestern United States and Northwestern Ontario, mostly in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Other teams are located in Michigan, North Dakota, Iowa, Illinois and Indiana. As of 2025, over 400 Northwoods League alums have gone on to play in Major League Baseball, including Max Scherzer, Marcus Semien, Matt Chapman, Curtis Granderson, Chris Sale, Brandon Crawford, Ben Zobrist, and Pete Alonso.
RAF Greatham
Royal Air Force Greatham or more simply RAF Greatham is a former Royal Air Force satellite station located in Greatham, County Durham, England.

It was also known as RAF West Hartlepool and was located at Hartlepool and was little more than a grass airstrip, a satellite station of RAF Thornaby.

Greatham, County Durham
54°38′28″N 1°14′17″W﻿ / ﻿54.641°N 1.238°W﻿ / 54.641; -1.238
Greatham /ˈɡriːtəm/ is a village and civil parish in the borough of Hartlepool, County Durham, England.  The population of the civil parish (including Newton Bewley) was taken in the 2011 census was 2,132.  Greatham village is located approximately three miles south of Hartlepool town centre.
Andrzej Aumiller
Andrzej Kordian Aumiller [ˈandʐɛj awˈmilɛr] ⓘ (born 25 June 1947, Trzcianka) is a Polish politician, Minister of Construction and Member of Parliament representing Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland (Samoobrona, SRP). He is a graduate in gardening from the Agriculture Academy in Poznań (Akademia Rolnicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Ogrodniczy). He has been a member of Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament, elected in the Poznań constituency from the Democratic Left Alliance-Labor Union lists from 2001 to 2005.

From July 2004, he was a member and vice-chairman of the PKN Orlen investigation commission; since April 2005, he has been chairman of the commission.

Trzcianka
Trzcianka ([ˈtʂt͡ɕaŋka]; German: Schönlanke) is a town in the Greater Poland region in northwestern Poland, in the Czarnków-Trzcianka County, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. In May 2007, Trzcianka had 17,131 inhabitants. Trzcianka is located on the Trzcianka River, and three lakes, Sarcze, Okunie and Długie, are located within the town limits.
Diazirine
In organic chemistry, a diazirine is an organic molecule consisting of a carbon bound to two nitrogen atoms, which are double-bonded to each other, forming a cyclopropene-like ring, 3H-diazirine (>CN2). Diazirines are isomeric with diazocarbon groups (>C=N=N), and like them can serve as precursors for carbenes by loss of a molecule of dinitrogen. For example, irradiation of diazirines with ultraviolet light leads to carbene insertion into various C−H, N−H, and O−H bonds. Hence, diazirines have grown in popularity as small, photo-reactive, crosslinking reagents. They are often used in photoaffinity labeling studies to observe a variety of interactions, including ligand-receptor, ligand-enzyme, protein-protein, and protein-nucleic acid interactions.

Photoaffinity labeling
Photoaffinity labeling is a chemoproteomics technique used to attach "labels" to the active site of a large molecule, especially a protein. The "label" attaches to the molecule loosely and reversibly, and has an inactive site which can be converted using photolysis into a highly reactive form, which causes the label to bind more permanently to the large molecule via a covalent bond. The technique was first described in the 1970s. Molecules that have been used as labels in this process are often analogs of complex molecules, in which certain functional groups are replaced with a photoreactive group, such as an azide, a diazirine or a benzophenone.
North Brother Island (Andaman Islands)
North Brother Island is an uninhabited island in the Indian Ocean, part of the Andaman Archipelago.  It is located in the Duncan Passage, about 19 kilometre northeast of Little Andaman Island.  It is part of the South Andaman district of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a Union Territory of India.

The island is nearly round, about 1.1 km across.  It is almost flat, thickly wooded except in its central part, fringed by a narrow beach and surrounded by a reef all around.  The central part is depressed and becomes a lake in the rainy season. A lighthouse tower was erected during 1992-93 and commissioned on 17 April 1993. The island hosts a 0.75 km2 wildlife sanctuary, established 1987.

By the end of the 19th century, the island was occasionally visited by the Onge of Little Andaman to catch sea turtles.
It has been conjectured to be part of the route for the Onge expansion into south Great Andaman Island in the wake of the Great Andamanese tribes, around 1890 to 1930.

Onge
The Onge (also Önge, Ongee, and Öñge) are an Andamanese ethnic group, indigenous to the Andaman Islands in Southeast Asia at the Bay of Bengal, India. They are traditionally hunter-gatherers and fishers, but also practice plant cultivation. They are designated as a Scheduled Tribe of India.
A.W.O.L. (album)
A.W.O.L. is the fifth studio album by American rapper AZ. It was released on September 6, 2005 via Fast Life Music. Production was handled by The Heatmakerz, Baby Paul, Disco D, DJ Premier, Emile Haynie, Frado, J-Hen, Jimi Kendrix, Lil' Fame, MoSS, Vinny Idol, Buckwild, DJ Absolut, Tone Mason and Young Calvin. It features guest appearances from Begetz, Bounty Killer, Ghostface Killah, Half a Mill, Noe, Raekwon and CL Smooth.

In the United States, the album peaked at number 73 on the Billboard 200, number 17 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the Top Rap Albums and number 5 on the Independent Albums charts.

The album was supported with four 12" promotional singles: "Serious" b/w "Live Wire", "AZ's Chillin" b/w "Never Change", "The Come Up" b/w "Magic Hour" and "Still Alive" b/w "New York".

Disco D
David Aaron Shayman (September 21, 1980 – January 23, 2007), better known by his stage name Disco D, was an American record producer and composer.  He started as a teenage DJ in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he helped DJ Godfather popularize the Detroit electronic music called "Ghettotech".
James Chimombe
James Chimombe (1951–1990) was a Zimbabwean vocalist and a guitarist. His career included stints with OK Success, the Acid Band, the Ocean City Band, and the Huchi Band. His music melded Kenyan, South African, and Congolese influences into Zimbabwean music. James also worked American Country & Western sounds into his music, combining them with African horns and light, lilting guitar lines. James Chimombe is known as the Phil Collins of Zimbabwe . Had he been alive today, he would have been as well known as Tuku. Tuku and Chimombe are both sons of Highfields, aka Fio. His music was soulful and presented the heart of the Shona culture.

Music of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwean music is heavily reliant on the use of instruments such as the mbira, Ngoma drums and hosho.  Their music symbolizes much more than a simple rhythm, as the folk and pop style styled music was used as a symbol of hope for Zimbabweans looking to gain independence from Rhodesia. Music has played a significant role in the history of Zimbabwe, from a vital role in the traditional Bira ceremony used to call on ancestral spirits, to protest songs during the struggle for independence. The community in Zimbabwe used music to voice their resistance to their oppression, as one of the only weapons they had available to fight back with. In the 1980s, the Music of Zimbabwe was at the centre of the African Music scene thanks to genres such as Sungura and Jit. However, several performers were banned by state TV and radio leading to the closure of several music venues.
Friederich Ehbisch
Johan Friedrich Ehbisch (Ebisch) (1672-6 May 1748) was a Danish sculptor. Born in Copenhagen, by 1705 he was employed as a court sculptor and stonemason. He was engaged in numerous royal projects; from 1705-09 he was responsible for the decoration of the Rosenborg Castle with stucco details. From 1709-11 he added stucco ceilings to Fredensborg Castle, and from 1726-28 renovated the altar, pulpit, baptismal font and the Royal chair in Fredensborg Chapel. In 1728 he was contracted to produce work for four churches which had been burned down in Copenhagen, the Frue, Petri, Helliggejst and Trinitatis churches. His works were mainly in the Late Baroque style, with many marble works.

His house at Åbenrå 25 was lost in the 1728 fire, but he rebuilt it in 1733, but was succumbed to poverty for the remaining 15 years of his life.

Trinitatis Church
The Trinitatis Church (Trinitatis Kirke) is located in central Copenhagen, Denmark.  It is part of the 17th century Trinitatis Complex, which includes the Rundetårn astronomical observatory tower and the Copenhagen University Library, in addition to the church. Built in the time of Christian IV, the church initially served the students of Copenhagen University. It is situated at the corner of Landemærket and Købmagergade. The interior was seriously damaged in the fire of 1728 but was rebuilt in 1731.
The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo
The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo is an American action comedy television series that ran on NBC from September 18, 1979, to May 5, 1981. For its second season the show was renamed Lobo. The program aired Tuesday nights, at 8:00 p.m. Eastern time. The lead character, Sheriff Elroy P. Lobo, played by Claude Akins, was a spin-off character from B. J. and the Bear, which also aired on NBC from 1979–1981.

Tara Buckman
Tara Buckman is an American retired television and film actress. Her active career was mainly confined to the late 1970s to the mid-1990s. Though never reaching feature status, Buckman was nonetheless a regular guest star on many television series. She also appeared in minor roles in feature films.
All About Me (Hugh Sheridan song)
"All About Me" is a song written by Rob Wells and Matthew Martson and recorded by Australian pop singer Hugh Sheridan. The song was released on 30 October 2009 as the lead single from Sheridan's debut studio album, Speak Love.

Hugh Sheridan
Hugh Sheridan (born 30 June 1985) is an Australian actor, singer, and television presenter who is known for his role as Ben Rafter in the television series Packed to the Rafters. Sheridan is a four-time Logie Award winner, in the Most Popular Actor category.
Reformation in Sweden
The Reformation in Sweden is generally regarded as having begun in 1527 during the reign of King Gustav I of Sweden, but the process was slow and was not definitively decided until the Uppsala Synod of 1593, in the wake of an attempted Counter-Reformation during the reign of John III (1568–1592).

The Swedish Reformation caused the Church of Sweden to break with the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to mark the end of the Swedish Middle Ages. The Reformation resulted in both Sweden and Finland becoming Protestant countries, as the latter formed an integral part of Sweden at the time.

Vadstena Abbey
The Abbey Pax Mariae (Latin: Monasterium sanctarum Mariæ Virgìnis et Brigidæ in Vatzstena), more commonly referred to as Vadstena Abbey, is situated on Lake Vättern in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockholm and is a monastery of nuns within the Bridgettine Order. It was active from 1346 until 1595 and has been active since 1963, regaining status as an autonomous abbey in 1991.

The abbey started on one of the farms donated to it by the king, but the town of Vadstena grew up around it. It was the motherhouse of the Bridgettine Order from 1346 to 1595.
Pargo Kaling
The Pargo Kaling (Tibetan: བར་སྒོ་བཀག་གླིང, Wylie: bar sgo bkag gling) was a large chorten straddling across the road leading from Drepung between the Potala's Red Hill (Marpori) and the Iron Hill (Chagpori) at Lhasa, Tibet, and containing a through-passage or archway for people and animals. It formed the "Western Gate" of the city and led into the village of Shol. It was destroyed in 1967, but the Lhasa authorities had it rebuilt in 1995.

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Namibia National Front
The Namibia National Front (NNF) was an alliance of nationalist but moderate parties in Namibia. It was formed in 1977 as a merger of the Namibia National Convention (which had been marginalized after SWAPO's departure from it) and the Namibia National Council.

At the time of its formation NNF consisted of the following groups:

Damara Council

Damara Executive Committee

Federal Party

South West African National Union

Mbanderu Council

Namibia Progressive Party

Namibia Independence Party

Voice of the People Party

In 1978 some groups left NNF to form Namibia People's Liberation Front.

The NNF contested the elections for the Constituent Assembly of Namibia in 1989 and won one seat which was taken by Vekuii Rukoro.

Vekuii Rukoro
Vekuii Reinhard Rukoro (11 November 1954 – 18 June 2021) was a Namibian politician and paramount chief of the Herero people. He was also Attorney General of Namibia from 1995 to 2000 and a member of the National Assembly from 1989 to 2000.
Marilyn Kohlhase
Marilyn Rhonda Kohlhase MNZM (born 1953) is a New Zealand arts curator and administrator, specialising in Pacific Islands art. She has worked with Auckland War Memorial Museum and Creative New Zealand. Kohlhase set up the first uniquely pan-Pacific art gallery and is known as the "art lady" in some circles.

Auckland War Memorial Museum
The Auckland War Memorial Museum (Māori: Tāmaki Paenga Hira), also known as Auckland Museum, is one of New Zealand's most important museums and war memorials. Its neoclassical building constructed in the 1920s and 1950s, stands on Observatory Hill, the remains of a dormant volcano, in the Auckland Domain, near Auckland CBD. Museum collections concentrate on New Zealand history (and especially the history of the Auckland Region), natural history, and military history.

Auckland Museum's collections and exhibits began in 1852. In 1867 Aucklanders formed a learned society—the Auckland Philosophical Society, soon renamed Auckland Institute. Within a few years Auckland Museum was transferred to Auckland Institute, thereafter known as Auckland Institute and Museum until 1996. Auckland War Memorial Museum was the name of the new building opened in 1929, but since 1996 it has been more commonly used for the institution as well. From 1991 to 2003 the Museum's Māori name was Te Papa Whakahiku.
Duboce Park
Duboce Park (IPA: /du.'bos/) is a small urban park located between the Duboce Triangle and Lower Haight neighborhoods of San Francisco, California.  The park is less than one block wide from north to south and two blocks wide from west to east. Its western boundary is Scott Street, and its eastern boundary is Steiner Street. The park is part of the Duboce Park Landmark District.

The N Judah Muni Metro streetcar line runs along Duboce Avenue, which forms the southern boundary of the park. As such, the park is served directly by the Duboce and Noe Street MUNI station. The train tracks veer away from Duboce Avenue at the western end of the park and enter the Sunset Tunnel.

Duboce and Noe station
Duboce and Noe station (also known as Sunset Tunnel East Portal and Duboce Park) is a light rail stop on the Muni Metro N Judah line, located inside Duboce Park at the east portal of the Sunset Tunnel in San Francisco, California. The eastern portal of the Sunset Tunnel is located just west of the station. The station opened with the N Judah line on October 21, 1928.

The station has two side platforms located along the southern edge of Duboce Park with two mini-high platforms at the Sunset Tunnel portal which provide access to both lines for people with disabilities.

The stop is also served by the N Bus route which provides service along the N Judah line during the early morning when trains do not operate. Unlike all other N Judah stops and stations, the N Owl bus route does not stop at this station, instead staying on Haight Street, about two blocks away.
John, Duke of Randazzo
John, Duke of Randazzo (1317–1348) was duke of Randazzo, Athens and Neopatria in 1338-1348, Count of Malta and regent of Sicily (1342–1348).

The fourth son of Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou, he was the most powerful nobleman in Sicily during the reigns of his brother Peter and his nephew Louis, during whose minority he was regent.

He kept the peace during regency, though he supported the Catalan party over the local Italian nobility.  Thus he appointed Blasco II de Alagona, a Catalan, as his successor. War broke out upon his death during the Plague.

He married Cesarea, daughter of Peter Count of Castalnasetta and had three recorded children: Frederick I who succeeded him as Duke of Athens and Neopatria; and two daughters Eleanor and Constance.

He died of the Black Plague in 1348 and was buried next to his father and nephew in the cathedral of Catania.

Eleanor of Aragon (1346–1405)
Eleanor of Aragon (1346–1405) was a countess of Caltabellotta (Sicilian: Cataviddotta), a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Palermo and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Agrigento.