hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rudnik, Gmina Sułkowice
Rudnik [ˈrudɲik] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sułkowice, within Myślenice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The village has an approximate population of 3,000.

Gmina Sułkowice
Gmina Sułkowice is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Myślenice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Sułkowice, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Myślenice and 27 km (17 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.

The gmina covers an area of 60.53 square kilometres (23.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,784 (out of which the population of Sułkowice amounts to 6,305, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,479).
Maharaja Nandakumar
Maharaja Nandakumar (also known as Nuncomar; c. 1705 – died 5 August 1775) was an Indian tax collector for various regions in what is modern-day West Bengal. Nanda Kumar was born at Bhadrapur, which is now in Birbhum. Nandakumar was appointed by the East India Company to be the Dewan (tax collector) for Burdwan, Nadia and Hooghly in 1764, following the removal of Warren Hastings from the post.

In 1773, when Hastings was reinstated as governor-general of Bengal, Nandakumar brought accusations against him of accepting or giving bribes that were entertained by Sir Philip Francis and the other members of the Supreme Council of Bengal. However, Hastings overruled the council's charges. Thereafter, in 1775, he brought charges of document forgery against Nandakumar.  The Maharaja was tried under Elijah Impey, India's first Chief Justice, and friend of Warren Hastings, was found guilty, and hanged in Kolkata on 5 August 1775.

Philip Francis (politician)
Sir Philip Francis, GCB (22 October 1740 – 23 December 1818) was a British Whig politician, pamphleteer and colonial administrator best known for being the possible identity of the anonymous writer Junius. A strong opponent of East India Company official Warren Hastings, Francis' accusations against him led to Hastings' impeachment by the Parliament of Great Britain.
Golden Thread Productions
Golden Thread Productions, is an American theatre company founded in 1996 in San Francisco, California, that promotes theatre as a forum for cultural exchange, exploring Middle Eastern culture and identity as represented throughout the globe.

Yussef El Guindi
Yussef El Guindi (Arabic: يوسف الجندى [ˈjuːsef elˈɡendi]; born 1960) is an Egyptian-American playwright.  He writes full-length, one-act, and adapted plays on Arab-Muslim experience in the United States. He is best known for his 2005 play Back of the Throat and has been called "the most talented Arab American writer of political plays."
Melbourne Athenaeum
The Athenaeum or Melbourne Athenaeum at 188 Collins Street is an art and cultural hub in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1839, it is the city's oldest cultural institution.

Its building on Collins Street in the East End Theatre District sits opposite the Regent Theatre, and currently consists of a main theatre, a smaller studio theatre, a restaurant and a subscription library. It has also served as a mechanics' institute, an art exhibition space, and a cinema.

Subscription library
A subscription library (or membership library) is a library that is financed by private funds either from membership fees or endowments. Historically, they are predecessors to the public library as it is known today. Unlike a public library, access is often restricted to members, but access rights can also be given to non-members, such as students. Through time, different library types have been grouped under this term, but may represent the following library models. A library formed as a joint stock company can be called a proprietary model. Some libraries allowed individuals who were not stock holders to subscribe for given time periods, and were thusly labeled subscription libraries. Athenaeums were similar to social libraries and provided the additional benefit of scholarly publications and cultural programming. The term mechanics or mercantile library refers to institutions established, often by benefactors, for the benefit of the working class.
Donald Young (tennis)
Donald Oliver Young Jr. (born July 23, 1989) is an American professional pickleball player with the American PPA Tour and Major League Pickleball, and also a former professional tennis player. Young had a tennis career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 38, achieved on 27 February 2012, and doubles ranking of world No. 43, achieved on 14 August 2017. As a junior he was ranked No. 1 in the world in 2005. His best singles performance was reaching the fourth round of the 2011 US Open, as well as the 2015 US Open. In doubles, he reached the final of the 2017 French Open, partnering Santiago González.  In mixed doubles, he reached the final of the 2024 US Open, partnering Taylor Townsend.

2017 French Open
The 2017 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 116th edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 28 May to 11 June and consisted of events for players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events.

Novak Djokovic was the defending champion in the Men's Singles, but he lost in the quarter-finals to Dominic Thiem.
Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion in the Women's Singles, but she lost in the 4th Round to Kristina Mladenovic.

This was the first time since 1974 French Open that both reigning champions of the Australian Open (Serena Williams and Roger Federer) withdrew before the tournament began.
Philip Keck
Philip Keck (October 26, 1848 – March 9, 1911) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician.

Keck was born in Johnstown, New York. In 1860, Keck moved to Montgomery, Illinois to live with an uncle for two years and helped with farming; he then worked in a store in Bristol Station, Illinois as a clerk for one year. He returned to Johnstown. Keck then went to Clinton Liberal Institute, Hamilton College, and Albany Law School. Keck was admitted to the New York bar in 1876 and practiced law in Johnstown, New York. In 1884, Keck was elected county judge for Fulton County, New York. Keck served in the New York Assembly in 1893, 1894, and 1895. He was a Republican.

Montgomery, Illinois
Montgomery is a village within the Chicago Metropolitan Area of Kane and Kendall counties, Illinois. The village is a suburb/exurb of Chicago located roughly 45 miles (72 km) southwest of the city. The population was 20,262 at the 2020 census.
Battle of Aphrodisium
The Battle of Aphrodisium was fought circa 238 BC between the Kingdom of Pergamon of Attalus I against Seleucid forces led by Antiochus Hierax, allied with the Galatian Gauls. Attalus was victorious.

In 241 BC Attalus had won a great victory against the Galatians, who were migrating into Anatolia from Thrace. Several years after this defeat the Galatians wished to retaliate against Attalus and so allied themselves with Antiochus Hierax, who was Seleucid ruler of much of Asia Minor and also wished to expand his influence. The allies invaded Pergamon but were defeated at Aphrodisium by Attalus.

Attalus would continue his war with Antiochus, winning many more victories. After a victory at the Battle of the Harpasus, Attalus would take control of near all of Seleucid Asia Minor, which he would hold until 221 BC.

Kingdom of Pergamon
The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor (now Turkey) from its capital city of Pergamon.  It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.  Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and seized the city of Pergamon and the surrounding regions; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC.  The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent.  It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants.  It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.
Once Upon a Time in China IV
Once Upon a Time in China IV is a 1993 Hong Kong–Chinese martial arts film and the fourth installment in the Once Upon a Time in China film series. It was directed by Yuen Bun in his directorial debut and produced by Tsui Hark, who directed the first three films. Vincent Zhao starred as Chinese martial arts master and folk hero of Cantonese ethnicity, Wong Fei-hung, who was portrayed by Jet Li in the first three films.

Wong Kei-ying
Wong Kei-ying or Huang Qiying (c. 1815–1886) was a Chinese Hung Ga martial artist and physician of  Cantonese ancestry. He was one of the Ten Tigers of Canton and was best known for his use of the Tiger Crane Paired Form Fist skill set. His son, Wong Fei-hung, who inherited his martial arts and medical skills, is commonly portrayed as a folk hero in Chinese popular culture.
CEA Paris-Saclay
The CEA Paris-Saclay center is one of nine centers belonging to the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). Following a reorganization in 2017, the center consists of multiple sites, including the CEA Saclay site (formerly a "center"), the Fontenay-aux-Roses site and the sites of Paris, Évry, Orsay and Caen.

Historically, as the main Saclay site was the heart of French nuclear research it was called the Saclay Center for Nuclear Studies (CEN Saclay) prior to the shift towards other fields of research and innovation besides nuclear.

The center has close ties with Paris-Saclay University, being located on the Saclay plateau and active in the Paris-Saclay project for innovation.

Pierre Agostini
Pierre Agostini (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ aɡɔstini]; born 23 July 1941) is a French experimental physicist and Emeritus professor at the Ohio State University in the United States, known for his pioneering work in strong-field laser physics and attosecond science. He is especially known for the observation of above-threshold ionization and the invention of the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) technique for characterization of attosecond light pulses. He was jointly awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Book of the Bastiles
The Book of the Bastiles; The history of the working of the new poor law was a book written by G.R.W. Baxter and published in 1841 . It was a collection of evidence which aimed to highlight the negative effects of the New Poor Law.

George Robert Wythen Baxter
George Robert Wythen Baxter (1815 – 17 January 1854) was a Welsh writer.

Baxter was the only son of George Trotman Baxter, Esq. of Hereford, and was born in 1815. He was a member of the old family long settled in the neighbourhood of Newton, and claimed among his ancestry the celebrated nonconformist divine, Richard Baxter, and Hugh Baxter of Ystradfaelog (1687) and Richard Baxter (1690), the names of the two latter being recorded as benefactors to the poor of Trefeglwys and Llanwnog.

He was the author of The Book of Bastiles, an attack upon the English Poor Laws, the "bastiles" being the workhouses; Humour and Pathos, and several other works. He died on 17 January 1854, in the 39th year of his age, and a marble tablet was erected to his memory by his mother in Llanllwchaiarn Church.
Tatworth
Tatworth is a village 2 miles (3 km) south of Chard in the county of Somerset, England. It is within Tatworth and Forton civil parish.

Tatworth is a large village, consisting of a number of smaller villages including South Chard, Perry Street and Chard Junction which are close together. The hamlet of Forton lies to the north, towards Chard; an area southwest of Forton is called White Gate.

Chard Junction railway station
Chard Junction railway station was situated on the London and South Western Railway’s West of England Main Line about 1 mile (1.6 km) southeast of the village of Tatworth in Somerset, England. It was the junction of a short branch line to Chard. It was opened in 1860 as Chard Road, and closed in 1966. An adjacent milk depot was served by its own sidings from 1937 to 1980. Chard Junction signal box remained open to control Station Road level crossing and a passing loop on the long section of single track railway between Yeovil Junction and Pinhoe until March 2021, when control was passed to Basingstoke.

Although no longer a station nor a junction, the name Chard Junction is still in use to refer to the scattered houses and industrial buildings in the vicinity of the station site, on both sides of the border between Somerset and Dorset.
Adler Mannheim
The Adler Mannheim (English: Mannheim Eagles, formerly Mannheimer ERC) is a professional ice hockey team of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, the highest-level ice hockey league in Germany. The team is based in Mannheim, a city in the northern part of Baden-Württemberg. Currently, the team plays at SAP Arena, where they moved to at the beginning of the 2005–06 season after having played at Eisstadion am Friedrichspark for nearly seven decades from 1938 through 2005. They have won the German Championship a total of eight times, seven of those coming after 1994 in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.

Moritz Seider
Moritz Seider (German: [ˈmoːʁɪts ˈzaɪdɐ]; born 6 April 2001) is a German professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman and alternate captain for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted sixth overall by the Red Wings in the 2019 NHL entry draft.
Pleasant Hall
Pleasant Hall is a historic home located in Kempsville section of Virginia Beach, Virginia.  Built in 1769, it is a two-story, five-bay, double pile Georgian-style brick dwelling.  It is topped by a shallow gable roof and has two wide interior-end chimney stacks with corbeled caps.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Kempsville, Virginia
Kempsville is a borough in the City of Virginia Beach, Virginia, a historic section with origins in US colonial times located in the former Princess Anne County. In modern times, it is a community within the urbanized portion of the independent city of Virginia Beach, the largest city in Virginia.
Intertrappean Beds
The Intertrappean Beds are a Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene geologic unit in India. These beds are found as interbeds between Deccan Traps layers, including the slightly older Lameta Formation. They consist a number of different subgroups and formations, and span the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary.

Many mostly fragmentary fossils, especially of small vertebrates, are known from the formation. Indeterminate theropod and pterosaur remains have been recovered from the formation, as well as dinosaur eggs. The mammal genera Deccanolestes, Sahnitherium, Bharattherium, Indoclemensia, Indotriconodon and Kharmerungulatum have been recovered from several localities. The Early Eocene-aged Bamanbor locality in Gujarat preserves articulated freshwater fish specimens. A rich plant flora is known from the formation.

Deccanolestes
Deccanolestes is a scansorial, basal Euarchontan from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Paleocene Intertrappean Beds of Andhra Pradesh, India. It may be closely related to Sahnitherium. Deccanolestes has been referred to Palaeoryctidae in the past, but recent evidence has shown that it is either the most basal Euarchontan, as the earliest known Adapisoriculid, or as a stem-afrotherian.
Snow bleaching
Snow bleaching is a technique used in traditional Japanese textile industry to bleach the fabric using the ozone evaporating from snow. This technique is used to bleach Echigo-jofu, a type of kimono. This method is based on the fact that ozone is released when snow evaporates due to sunlight.

Echigo-jofu
Echigo-jofu (越後上布) is a fabric of Echigo, Japan on national Important Cultural Properties listing in 1955, and UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list since 2009. It is made from fine bast fiber from the ramie plant (Boehmeria nivea), also called hemp, although not directly related to cannabis hemp. After it is woven on a jibata backstrap loom (地機), the fabric is spread on snowfields (yuki-zarashi) where ultraviolet light from the sun creates ozone and bleaches it white.
Echigo-jofu has even been found in the Shōsōin repository from over 1,200 years ago. The production of Echigo-jofu is recorded in detail in Hokuetsu Seppu, the encyclopedic work of human geography describing life in the Uonuma area.
Matarraña
Matarraña (Spanish: [mataˈraɲa]) or Matarranya (Catalan: [mataˈraɲa]) is a comarca in eastern Aragon, bordering the Spanish Autonomous Communities of Catalonia and Valencia. It is located in Teruel Province, in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area.

Its capital is Valderrobres, and it borders the Aragonese comarques of Bajo Aragón-Caspe/Baix Aragó-Casp, and Bajo Aragón, the Catalan comarques of Terra Alta, Baix Ebre, and Montsià, and the Valencian comarques of Baix Maestrat and Ports.

This comarca is named after the Matarranya River flowing through it. It belongs to the Catalan-speaking strip in eastern Aragon known as La Franja.

Province of Teruel
Teruel (Catalan: Terol; [təˈɾɔl]) is a province of Aragon, in the northeast of Spain. The capital is Teruel.

It is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Castellón, Valencia (including its exclave, Rincón de Ademuz), Cuenca, Guadalajara, and Zaragoza. The area of the province is 14,809 km². Its population is 134,572 (2018), of whom about a quarter live in the capital, and its population density is 9.36/km². It contains 236 municipalities, of which more than half are villages of under 200 people. Teruel is the second-least populated province of Spain, and also the second-lowest in population density, in both counts after the province of Soria.

The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although Catalan is spoken in a northeastern area bordering Catalonia.
Evghenia Guțul
Evghenia Guțul (born 5 September 1986; Gagauz: Evgeniya Guţul or Guțul), also rendered Yevgenia Gutsul (Russian: Евгения Гуцул) and Eugenia Guțul, is a Moldovan Gagauz jurist and politician, who served as Governor of Gagauzia (başkan) from July 2023 to August 2025.

As governor, she has sought to have closer relations with Russia. Following her party's banning by Moldovan authorities, she has been an independent. She has been sanctioned by the EU Council for promoting separatism, and by the United States' Office of Foreign Assets Control.

In April 2024, she was indicted in a criminal case with the Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office of Moldova, and in August 2025 she was sentenced to seven years in jail for using undeclared Russian funds to finance her Șor Party.

Gagauzia
Gagauzia (/ɡəˈɡɔːziə/) or Gagauz-Yeri, officially the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia (ATUG), is an autonomous territorial unit of Moldova. Its autonomy is intended for the local Gagauz people, a Turkic-speaking, primarily Orthodox Christian ethnic group.

Bessarabia, previously the eastern half of the Principality of Moldavia, was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1812. At the end of World War I, all of Bessarabia – including Gagauzia – was annexed to the Kingdom of Romania. A Soviet invasion and occupation began in June 1940, but the territory was again occupied by Romania from 1941 to 1944, after the latter joined the Axis powers and helped invade the USSR. After World War II, Gagauzia was incorporated into the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1990, Gagauzia declared itself independent from Moldova as the Gagauz Republic during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but it was ultimately reintegrated into Moldova in 1995.
Satguru Partap Singh
Satguru Partap Singh (1882–1959) served as the spiritual head of the Namdhari Sikhs from 1906 to 1959. He was a staunch advocate for Sikh unity and the preservation of religious traditions. He organized the 'Guru Nanak Sarav Sampardai Conference' in 1934, bringing together various Sikh factions to promote harmony and mutual respect. Under his guidance, the practice of singing Gurbani in its original Ragas (melodies) got highly encouraged, and he established the Namdhari Vidyalaya (school) to nurture young musical talent and preserve Indic traditions.

His tenure as the head of the sect spanned significant historical events in India, and he was instrumental in fostering community well-being and cultural preservation.

Namdhari
The Namdharis (Gurmukhi: ਨਾਮਧਾਰੀ; Devanagari: नामधारी; Shahmukhi: نامدھاری; nāmadhārī, meaning "bearers of the name"), also known as Kuka (Gurmukhi: ਕੂਕਾ; kūkā (sing.); ਕੂਕੇ; kūkē (pl.): from Punjabi kuk, “scream” or “cry”), are a Sikh sect that differs from mainstream Sikhs chiefly in their belief that the lineage of Sikh Gurus did not end with Satguru Gobind Singh (1666–1708) in 1708, as they recognise Satguru Balak Singh (1797–1862) as the 11th Guru of the Sikh religion, thus continuing the succession of Sikh Gurus through the centuries from Satguru Nanak Dev to the present day. Their 12th Guru is Satguru Ram Singh [1816–1885(disputed)], who moved the sect's centre to Sri Bhaini Sahib (Ludhiana) and is regarded as the first Indian to use non-cooperation and non-violence boycott in order to combat the British Empire in India.
Hilde Fålun Strøm
Hilde Fålun Strøm is from Svalbard, Norway and is an explorer, polar ambassador and citizen scientist with over 20 years experience working in the polar regions. In 2017, with Sunniva Sorby, she started Hearts in the Ice, a platform for social engagement around citizen science and climate change.

Sunniva Sorby
Sunniva Sorby is an expeditioner, historian, guide, citizen scientist, and Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society. She is best known for her membership of the first women's team to reach the south pole in 1993.
Diego Llorico
Diego Llorico (born December 15, 1971), known mononymously as Diego, is a Filipino actor, segment producer and comedian. He is known for his appearances on the comedy films Boy Pick-Up: The Movie (2012) and D' Kilabots Pogi Brothers Weh?! (2012), and the television comedy sketch gag show Bubble Gang.

Bubble Gang
Bubble Gang is a Philippine television sketch comedy show broadcast by GMA Network. Originally directed by Uro Q. Dela Cruz, it originally starred by Ogie Alcasid, Antonio Aquitania, Sunshine Cruz, Jackie de Guzman, Assunta De Rossi, Eric Fructuoso, Susan Lozada, Aiko Melendez, Wendell Ramos and Michael V. It premiered on October 20, 1995 on the network's Friday night line up. Frasco Mortiz currently serves as the director, with Michael V., Paolo Contis, Chariz Solomon, Betong Sumaya, Analyn Barro, Kokoy de Santos, EA Guzman, Buboy Villar, Cheska Fausto, Matt Lozano, Cartz Udal, Aaron Maniego, Erika Davis, Jona Ramos, and Aly Alday serving as the current cast. It is the longest running comedy show in the Philippines.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.