hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biechów, Ostrowiec County
Biechów [ˈbjɛxuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kunów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Kunów, 8 km (5 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 48 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Kunów
Gmina Kunów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Kunów, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and 48 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 113.73 square kilometres (43.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,960 (out of which the population of Kunów amounts to 3,127, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,833).
Timbuctoo (novel)
Timbuctoo is the fictional account of the illiterate American sailor Robert Adams' true life journey to Timbuktu, and his arrival in Regency London. The novel is written by Anglo-Afghan author, filmmaker, and adventurer Tahir Shah. It was released on July 5, 2012, by Secretum Mundi Publishing.

The full title of the book is Timbuctoo: Being a singular and most animated account of an illiterate American sailor, taken as a slave in the great Zahara and, after trials and tribulations aplenty, reaching London where he narrated his tale. The story takes place between 1810—when Adams was shipwrecked—and the Spring on 1816, when he set sail for his home in Hudson, New York.

Richard Horwood
Richard Horwood (1757/8 – 3 October 1803) was a surveyor and cartographer. He is mainly remembered for his large-scale plan of London and its suburbs published in 32 sheets between 1792 and 1799. He also published a plan of Liverpool in six sheets in 1803.
Phemeranthus calcaricus
Phemeranthus calcaricus, the limestone fameflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae. It is native to limestone glades of the Interior Low Plateaus of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama, and in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas. The majority populations are found in the Nashville Basin of Tennessee, where it can be locally abundant on exposed limestone in high quality glades.

Phemeranthus calcaricus is a small, succulent perennial that is uncommon throughout its range.

Interior Low Plateaus
The Interior Low Plateaus are a physiographic region in eastern United States.  It consists of a diverse landscape that extends from north Alabama across central Tennessee and Kentucky into southern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Its natural communities are a matrix of temperate forests, woodlands, and prairies.
Waveney (UK Parliament constituency)
Waveney was a constituency of in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament that existed from 1983 to 2024. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency reverted to its previous name of Lowestoft.
Other than the town of Bungay, the abolished seat of Waveney has little in common with the new ‘Waveney Valley’ constituency, which covers a predominantly rural area bridging Norfolk and Suffolk.

2023 review of Westminster constituencies
The 2023 review of Westminster constituencies was the most recent cycle of the process to redraw the constituency map for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The new constituency boundaries were approved by the Privy Council on 15 November 2023 and came into law on 29 November. It is the first review of Westminster boundaries to be successfully implemented since 2010.

These constituencies were first contested at the 2024 general election.
Maximum-entropy Markov model
In statistics, a maximum-entropy Markov model (MEMM), or conditional Markov model (CMM), is a graphical model for sequence labeling that combines features of hidden Markov models (HMMs) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models. An MEMM is a discriminative model that extends a standard maximum entropy classifier by assuming that the unknown values to be learnt are connected in a Markov chain rather than being conditionally independent of each other. MEMMs find applications in natural language processing, specifically in part-of-speech tagging and information extraction.

Discriminative model
Discriminative models, also referred to as conditional models, are a class of models frequently used for classification. In machine learning, it typically models the conditional distribution P(Y∣X), or it learns a direct decision rule that maps inputs X to outputs Y. Discriminative models are commonly used for classification and regression, where the main goal is accurate prediction on new data. They are typically used to solve binary classification problems, i.e. assign labels, such as pass/fail, win/lose, alive/dead or healthy/sick, to existing datapoints. Discriminative models are usually trained to separate classes or to minimize prediction error under a chosen loss function. They are often contrasted with generative models, which aim to model how the data are generated and can be used to sample new data.

Types of discriminative models include logistic regression (LR), conditional random fields (CRFs), decision trees among many others.
Tziporah Heller
Tziporah Heller Gottlieb (Hebrew: ציפורה הלר גוטליב) is an American-born Haredi educator, author, and speaker based in Jerusalem. She is a senior faculty member at the Neve Yerushalayim College for Women, principal of the Bnos Avigail seminary on the Neve campus, and a lecturer for the online Jewish college, Naaleh.com. She specializes in textual analysis of Biblical literature and Jewish philosophy, and exploration of the role of women in Judaism. The author of eight books, she is also a weekly columnist for the Hamodia newspaper.

Hamodia
Hamodia (Hebrew: המודיע – "the Informer") is a Jewish daily newspaper, published in Hebrew-language in Jerusalem and English-language in the United States, as well as weekly English-language editions in England and Israel. A weekly edition for French-speaking readers debuted in 2008. The newspaper's slogan is "The Newspaper of Torah Jewry". It comes with two magazines, Inyan and Insight. Haaretz, the newspaper of Israel's secular left, describes Hamodia as one of the "most powerful" newspapers in the Haredi community.
Fruitvale, Texas
Fruitvale is a small city in Van Zandt County, Texas, United States. The population was 408 at the 2010 census, and 476 as of 2020. The town draws its name from its location in the center of the historic fruit-growing district of the Sabine River valley in northeastern Van Zandt County. Its name was originally Bolen Switch, but it was changed around 1901 after a petition of local fruit growers, and a post office was established in 1903. On April 29, 2017, an EF-3 tornado struck the town at EF-2 intensity, causing major damage and several injuries. Fruitvale Independent School District serves the town for head start to 12th grade.

Van Zandt County, Texas
Van Zandt County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas, in the northeastern part of the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 59,541. Its county seat is Canton. The county is named for Isaac Van Zandt (1813–1847), a member of the Congress of the Republic of Texas.
Asenapine
Asenapine, sold under the brand name Saphris among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder as well as the medium to long-term management of bipolar disorder.

It was chemically derived via altering the chemical structure of the tetracyclic (atypical) antidepressant, mianserin.

It was initially approved in the United States in 2009 and approved as a generic medication in 2020.

5-HT2A receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades.
Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotics.
Allan Lichtman
Allan Jay Lichtman (/ˈlɪktmən/; born 4 April 1947) is an American historian and political analyst who has taught at American University in Washington, D.C. since 1973. He is known for creating the Keys to the White House with Soviet seismologist Vladimir Keilis-Borok in 1981.

The Keys to the White House is a system that uses 13 true/false criteria to predict whether the presidential candidate of the incumbent party will win or lose the next election. The system and Lichtman's predictions based on it have received extensive media coverage. He has accurately predicted the outcomes of most presidential elections since 1984  using his interpretations of the system, though his predictions were incorrect in 2000 and 2024.

Lichtman ran for the U.S. Senate seat in Maryland in 2006; he finished sixth in the Democratic primary. In 2017, Lichtman authored the book The Case for Impeachment, which laid out multiple arguments for an impeachment of Donald Trump.

2006 United States Senate election in Maryland
The 2006 United States Senate election in Maryland was held Tuesday, November 7, 2006. Incumbent Democrat Paul Sarbanes, Maryland's longest-serving United States senator, decided to retire instead of seeking a sixth term. Democratic nominee Ben Cardin, a U.S. representative, won the open seat, defeating Republican lieutenant governor Michael Steele.
2008 European Men's Handball Championship
The 2008 EHF European Men's Handball Championship (8th tournament) was held in Norway from 17 to 27 January, in the cities of Bergen, Drammen, Lillehammer, Stavanger and Trondheim. Denmark won the tournament with Croatia second and France third. This was the first time Denmark won a major international tournament.

Croatia men's national handball team
The Croatia national handball team (Croatian: Hrvatska rukometna reprezentacija) represents Croatia at international handball competitions and is governed by the Croatian Handball Federation (HRS). Since their Independence in 1991 Croatia has won 16 medals at main international competitions, the biggest being winning the gold medal at the Olympic Games twice and one World Championship title, and played in the final of the European Championship three times. The Croatian national team's victory at the 1996 Olympics is often credited as one of the biggest upsets in the history of handball. The Croatian national team have also won a so-called "international double", winning the gold medal at the World Championship (2003) and the Olympics (2004).
Dark Invasion
Dark Invasion: 1915: Germany's Secret War and the Hunt for the First Terrorist Cell in America is a non-fiction book written by the American author, Howard Blum.  It was published by Crown Publishing Group on February 11, 2014.  The American edition was issued by Harper in 2014.

Howard Blum
Howard Blum (/ˈblʌm/) (born 1948) is an American author and journalist. Formerly a reporter for The Village Voice and The New York Times, Blum is a contributing editor at Vanity Fair and the author of several non-fiction books, including the New York Times bestseller and Edgar Award winner American Lightning.
The Pines (Pine Plains, New York)
The Pines is a historic home located at the hamlet of Pine Plains in the town of Pine Plains, Dutchess County, New York.  It was built in 1878 and is a large 2-story frame residence with a 1+1⁄2-story service wing designed in the Stick-Eastlake style.  It has an asymmetrical appearance with projecting bays, cross gables, and porches.  It features a steeply pitched, common lap slate roof, four corbeled chimney stacks with terra cotta pots, and a tower with a steeply pitched pyramidal roof.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Pine Plains (town), New York
Pine Plains is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 2,218 at the 2020 census.

The name is derived from the geographic character of the region. The hamlet of Pine Plains is on the northern border of the county.
Finlayson Channel
Finlayson Channel is a channel of the British Columbia Coast, Canada. It is a northern extension of Milbanke Sound. To its west are Swindle and Sarah Islands, to its east Roderick, Susan and Dowager Islands. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's lieutenants during his 1791–95 expedition.

Finlayson Channel is home to Lophelia reef, the Pacific Ocean's northernmost known coral reef, and Canada's only known living example.

Lophelia reef
Lophelia reef (also known by its Wakashan name q̓áuc̓íwísuxv) is a coral reef that lies some 200 m underwater in Finlayson Channel in British Columbia, Canada. It is Canada's only known living coral reef, and the Pacific Ocean's northernmost known coral reef. It was discovered in the early 2020s after two local First Nations, the Kitasoo Xai'xais and the Heiltsuk, who "knew something was there," guided deepsea ecologist Cherisse Du Preez to the waters in which the coral ecosystem lives.

Canada's Fisheries Department has closed the area over the coral reef to all commercial and recreational bottom-contact and mid-water trawl fisheries. This is, according to the Department, based on a significant scientific discovery at the small yet globally unique reef, which is highly susceptible to damage from fishing gear.

The reef's site is now being assessed for the possibility of establishing there a Parks Canada National Marine Conservation Area.
J. Dale Wainwright Unit
The J. Dale Wainwright Unit is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) prison for men, located in unincorporated Houston County, Texas. Formerly called the Eastham Unit or "The Ham," the prison was renamed the J. Dale Wainwright Unit after a former chairman of the Texas Board of Criminal Justice. The 12,789 acres (5,176 ha) prison is located on Farm to Market Road 230, near Lovelady and 13 miles (21 km) west of Trinity.

Robert Perkinson, author of Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire, said that while the TDCJ and other agencies operate many types of prisons and jails in Texas, "if any unit stands for the rest," it would be Eastham.

Houston County, Texas
Houston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,066. Its county seat is Crockett. Houston County was one of 46 entirely dry counties in the state of Texas, until voters in a November 2007 special election legalized the sale of alcohol in the county.

Houston County was the first new county created under the nine-year Republic of Texas on June 12, 1837. The original boundaries of Houston County also included all of present-day Anderson and Trinity Counties, and portions of present-day Henderson and Polk Counties.

The county is named for Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas and Governor of Texas. Other than being named for the same person, Houston County is not related to the City of Houston, which is located about 100 mi (160 km) to the south, in Harris County.
Singleton, New South Wales
Singleton is a town on the banks of the Hunter River in New South Wales, Australia. Singleton is 202km (126 mi) north-north-west of Sydney, and 70 km (43 mi) north-west of Newcastle. As of 2023, Singleton had an estimated urban population of 17,503.

Singleton's main urban area includes the town centre, Singleton Heights, Dunolly, Darlington, The Retreat, Wattle Ponds and Hunterview. Surrounding rural villages include Broke, Camberwell, Jerrys Plains, Goorangoola/Greenlands, Belford and Lower Belford.

Singleton is located on the north-eastern part of the geological structure known as the Sydney basin, which borders the New England region.

Singleton is now home to a $100 million dollar lottery winner, the highest in the town’s history.

Main Northern railway line
The Main Northern railway line (also known as the Great Northern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia, running from Strathfield in Sydney to Armidale.

The 1980s saw the line closed progressively north of Armidale; passenger services north of Tamworth were cancelled in 1990 but were reintroduced as far as the former two years later.

The Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor now branches off the Great Northern Railway after Maitland and follows the North Coast line.
Arthur F. H. Mills
Arthur Frederick Hobart Mills (12 July 1887 – 18 February 1955) was the son of the Rev. Barton Mills and Lady Catherine Hobart-Hampden, sister of the  seventh Earl of Buckinghamshire. He was one of a family of authors.  His grandfather, Arthur Mills, was a Tory  Member of Parliament and an expert on colonial economies and governance.  The senior Mills' India in 1858 describes the political and economic conditions in India after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.  Arthur F. H. Mills was the brother of children's book author George Mills (Meredith and Co., King Willow) and husband of author, explorer, and adventurer Lady Dorothy Mills (The Laughter of Fools, The Road to Timbuktu), to whom he was married from 1916 until their divorce in 1933.

Arthur Mills (MP)
Arthur Mills (20 February 1816 – 12 October 1898) was a British Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP).  In his career, he was also a barrister, magistrate, and author in Cornwall and London.  His travels to the 19th century British colonies and his studies of their finances and systems of governance made him an expert in the field.
Alden Ehrenreich
Alden Caleb Ehrenreich (/ˈɛrənraɪk/; born November 22, 1989) is an American actor. He began his career by appearing in the television series Supernatural (2005), and in Francis Ford Coppola's films Tetro (2009) and Twixt (2011). Following supporting roles in the 2013 films Blue Jasmine and Stoker, his breakthrough came in 2016 with a lead role in the Coen brothers' comedy Hail, Caesar!, for which he gained praise.

Ehrenreich played Han Solo in Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018) and starred in the dystopian television series Brave New World (2020). In 2023, he had starring roles in the comedy Cocaine Bear and the thriller Fair Play, and a supporting role in Christopher Nolan's biographical film Oppenheimer. In 2025, he had supporting roles in the superhero miniseries Ironheart as Zeke Stane, and in the horror film Weapons.

Brave New World (American TV series)
Brave New World is an American science fiction drama television series loosely based on the classic 1932 novel of the same name by Aldous Huxley. It premiered on the day NBCUniversal streaming service Peacock launched, July 15, 2020. In October 2020, the series was cancelled after one season.
Lawrence Bulger
Lawrence 'Larry' Quinlivan Bulger (5 February 1870 – 17 March 1928) was an Irish rugby union player, athlete and doctor. Bulger played international rugby for Ireland and in 1896 was chosen to represent a British Isles XV in their tour of South Africa. Bulger, who was nicknamed "Fat Cupid", was described as an elusive runner and a devastating tackler, one of Ireland's outstanding players.

1896 British Lions tour to South Africa
1896 British Isles tour to South Africa was a rugby union tour undertaken by the British Isles, one of the first British and Irish Lions tours. The team toured South Africa for the second time in 1896. Between 11 July and 5 September, they played 21 games, including four tests against South Africa. The British Isles XV won the Test series 3–1 and completed the 17-game provincial program unbeaten, scoring 204 points and conceding just 45 in all matches.
TTP/A
TTP/A is a time-triggered real-time fieldbus protocol used for the interconnection of low-cost smart transducer nodes. In contrast to the Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP), which is a high-speed, fault-tolerant communication network intended for safety critical applications (SAE class C), TTP/A provides a low-speed (below 1 MB/s), low-cost protocol suitable for non-critical applications like car body electronics (SAE class A).

Time-Triggered Protocol
The Time-Triggered Protocol (TTP) is an open computer network protocol for control systems. It was designed as a time-triggered fieldbus for vehicles and industrial applications. and standardized in 2011 as SAE AS6003 (TTP Communication Protocol). TTP controllers have accumulated over 500 million flight hours in commercial DAL A aviation applications, in power generation, environmental and flight controls. TTP is used in FADEC and modular aerospace controls, and flight computers. In addition, TTP devices have accumulated over 1 billion operational hours in SIL4 railway signalling applications.
Highland, Wright County, Minnesota
Highland is an unincorporated community in Middleville Township, Wright County, Minnesota, United States.  The community is located along Wright County Road 7 near 20th Street SW.

Nearby places include Howard Lake, Waverly, Rassat, Maple Lake, and Buffalo.

Wright County, Minnesota
Wright County is a county in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 141,337 at the 2020 census, then growing to an estimated 154,593 in 2024. Its county seat is Buffalo. The county was founded in 1855. Wright County is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. In terms of population, Wright County is the tenth-largest county in Minnesota and the fastest growing.
A Dreamer's Journey
A Dreamer's Journey (Swedish: En drömmares vandring) is a 1957 Swedish biographical drama film directed by Lars-Magnus Lindgren and starring Jarl Kulle, Margit Carlqvist and Inga Landgré. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Nilsson. It is based on the life of the poet Dan Andersson.

Lars-Magnus Lindgren
Lars-Magnus Lindgren (3 July 1922 – 23 November 2004) was a Swedish film director and screenwriter. His film Dear John (1964) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. His other works include Black Palm Trees (Svarta palmkronor), a 1968 film, based on the 1944 novel by Peder Sjögren.
Chiemi Tanaka
Chiemi Tanaka (田中 ちえ美, Tanaka Chiemi; born October 6, 1994) is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Shizuoka Prefecture who is affiliated with Stay Luck. She is known for her roles as Ririko Oribe in Sakura Quest and Rina Tennoji in Love Live! Nijigasaki High School Idol Club.

Three Leaves, Three Colors
Three Leaves, Three Colors (Japanese: 三者三葉, Hepburn: Sansha San'yō; lit. "Tripartite Trefoil") is a Japanese four-panel manga series by Cherry Arai, serialized in Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara magazine since February 2003 and fourteen tankōbon volumes have been collected so far. An anime adaptation by Doga Kobo aired from April to June 2016.