hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trade diversion
Trade diversion is an economic term related to international economics in which trade is diverted from a more efficient exporter towards a less efficient one by the formation of a free trade agreement or a customs union. Total cost of good becomes cheaper when trading within the agreement because of the low tariff. This is as compared to trading with countries outside the agreement with lower cost goods but higher tariff. The related term Trade creation is when the formation of a trade agreement between countries decreases the price of the goods for more consumers, and therefore increases overall trade. In this case the more efficient producer with the agreement increases trade.

The terms were used by 'old' Chicago School economist Jacob Viner in his 1950 paper The Customs Union Issue.

Customs union
A customs union is generally defined as a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.

Customs unions are established through trade pacts where the participant countries set up common external trade policy (in some cases they use different import quotas). Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency.

Reasons for establishing a customs union normally include increasing economic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. It is the third stage of economic integration. Every economic union, customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union includes a customs union.
Shuki Levy
Shuki Levy (Hebrew: שוקי לוי; born June 3, 1947) is an Israeli-American music composer and television producer. Levy created soundtrack compositions for children's television programs of the 1980s, such as The Real Ghostbusters, Inspector Gadget, The Mysterious Cities of Gold, M.A.S.K., Dinosaucers, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, She-Ra: Princess of Power, and Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors. In the 1990s, he worked on the Power Rangers franchise, Digimon: Digital Monsters, Masked Rider, VR Troopers, and Big Bad Beetleborgs. He has also written and directed episodes for some these television shows, and directed a few films, such as Perfect Victims (1988) and Blind Vision (1991). He was also part of the musical duo Shuky & Aviva (alternatively Shuki & Aviva), with his partner Aviva Paz.

Spider-Man: The Animated Series
Spider-Man: The Animated Series, also known as Spider-Man, is an American superhero animated television series based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name. The series aired on the Fox Kids Network from November 19, 1994, to January 31, 1998, for a total of five seasons comprising 65 episodes, and ran reruns on Toon Disney's Jetix block and on Disney XD. The series was produced by Marvel Films and animated by TMS-Kyokuichi.

The series finale was the first to introduce the "Spider-Verse" storyline, also known as the "Spider-Man Multiverse", which later inspired similar narratives in various Spider-Man comics, cartoons, and films in the early 21st century. People magazine described the show as one of the best animated comic book adaptions of all time. The show was presented in Dolby Surround for Fox Kids.
Lake Township, Cook County, Illinois
Lake Township, also known as the Town of Lake, was a 42-square-mile (109 km2) former civil township in Cook County, Illinois, which now forms the south-west portion of Chicago. It was bounded by present-day Pershing Road (3900 South) on the north, State Street (0 East/West) on the east, 87th Street (8700 South) on the south, and Crawford Avenue (4000 West) on the west (although some sources state the current Chicago City boundaries as former south and west boundaries). The Union Stock Yards were developed as an economic anchor of the township.

The township was annexed into the city of Chicago in 1889, and its functions fell into abeyance. Townships in Chicago were abolished in 1902; however, they, including Lake Township, are still used for property assessment purposes. The former township hub became the Englewood neighborhood.

Englewood, Chicago
Englewood is a neighborhood and community area located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is also the 68th of the 77 community areas in the city. At its peak population in 1960, over 97,000 people lived in its approximately 3 square miles (7.8 km2), but the neighborhood's population has since dropped dramatically. In 2000, it had a population of approximately 40,000 inhabitants, and the 2010 census indicated that its population has further declined to approximately 30,000. Englewood is bordered by Garfield Boulevard to the north, 75th Street to the south, Racine Avenue to the west, and an irregular border that bends along the Metra Railroad Tracks to the east. On the southwest side of Chicago lies West Englewood, which is generally lumped in with Englewood by Chicagoans. Englewood, a low-income African-American community, has a high rate of foreclosed properties due to the area's population drop.
Vi gör så gott vi kan
Vi gör så gott vi kan is a song written by Lasse Holm and Gert Lengstrand as a fight song for the Sweden men's national football team for the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina.

The song was recorded by the Swedish national team players together with Schytts The recording ends with Ralf Edström adding "En gör så gött en kan" ("You do as good as you can"). On 11 June 1978, the song entered the Svensktoppen chart, reaching seventh position, only to have been knocked out of chart the upcoming week.

Schytts
Schytts is a Swedish dansband, established in 1962 as Public Killers before changing their name the upcoming year. The name Schytts was taken from their founding drummer Yngve Schytt. Their major breakthrough came in 1973, with the song "Aj, aj, aj", which appeared on their debut studio album Hålligång 1, released the same year.
2024 BAL Nile Conference
The 2024 BAL Nile Conference was the 3rd season of the Nile Conference, one of the three conferences of the 2024 season of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). The composition of the conference and the schedule were announced on 15 February 2024. The conference games began on 19 April and ended on 27 April 2024.

Al Ahly won the conference with a 5–1 record, and Al Ahly Ly qualified for the playoffs as second ranked team.

Al Ahly Ly (basketball)
Al-Ahly Sports Cultural & Social Club (Arabic: الأهلي), also known as Al-Ahly Ly or Al-Ahly Benghazi, is a Libyan basketball club that is based in Benghazi. Founded in 1950, the club competes in the Libyan Division I Basketball League and has won four championships, in 2010, 2011, 2023 and 2025.

In the 2024 season, they debuted in the Basketball Africa League (BAL), becoming the first team from Libya to play in the competition. Al Ahly has won the Arab Club Championship in 2012 and 2013. Al Ahly Ly were the runners-up of the 2024 BAL season.
Adam Kieft
Adam Kieft (born August 21, 1982) is an American former professional football offensive tackle for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). Kieft attended Rockford High School in Rockford, Michigan. He was selected with the 17th pick of the fifth round of the 2005 NFL draft out of Central Michigan University. He was redshirted his freshman year of college due to a broken foot and started the following four years as an offensive tackle for the Chippewas. He stands 6'7" tall and weighs 337 lbs.

Kieft sat out his first two seasons in Cincinnati due to a knee injury (torn ACL/MCL in rookie mock game).  He signed a 3-year contract with the Bengals after being drafted in the fifth round with the 153rd overall pick in the 2005 NFL draft. On August 28, 2007, Kieft was placed on the reserve/injured list.  On February 28, 2008, the Bengals did not tender an offer to Kieft, making him a free agent.

Rockford, Michigan
Rockford is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 6,177 at the 2020 census.

Located along the Rogue River, the city is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is about 10 miles (16.1 km) north of the city of Grand Rapids.
Mons railway station
Mons railway station (French: Gare de Mons; Dutch: Station Bergen) is a railway station in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium. The station opened on 19 December 1841 on railway lines 96, 97 and 118. The train services are operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (SNCB/NMBS).

The station was served by a daily Thalys high-speed rail service to Paris between 1998 and 31 March 2015.

Santiago Calatrava
Santiago Calatrava Valls (born 28 July 1951) is a Spanish-Swiss architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons, and his railway stations, stadiums, and museums, whose sculptural forms often resemble living organisms. His best-known works include the Olympic Sports Complex of Athens, the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Turning Torso tower in Malmö, Sweden, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub in New York City, the Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas, Texas, and his largest project, the City of Arts and Sciences and Opera House in his birthplace, Valencia. His architectural firm has offices in New York City, Doha, and Zurich.
Furio Radin
Furio Radin (born 1 June 1950) is a Croatian politician who is currently serving as a Member of the Croatian Parliament for the Italian national minority, an office he has held since 7 September 1992. He has also been the Chair of the Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights and Rights of National Minorities since 2000, and one of the Deputy Speakers of the Parliament since 9 June 2017. Radin is the longest-serving Member of Parliament in Croatian history, with a service lasting 32 years, 351 days, as of 24 August 2025.

Radin was first elected to the parliament in the 1992 election and was re-elected to nine more terms, in the 1995, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2016, 2020 and 2024 elections respectively. Although he is formally an independent, he has closely cooperated with the liberal regionalist Istrian Democratic Assembly party, in whose parliamentary club he also sits.

Italians of Croatia
Italians of Croatia are an autochthonous historical national minority recognized by the Constitution of Croatia. As such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament. There is the Italian Union of Croatia and Slovenia (Croatian: Talijanska Unija, Slovene: Italijanska Unija), which is a Croatian-Slovenian joint organization with its main site in Rijeka, Croatia and its secondary site in Koper, Slovenia.

There are two main groups of Italians in Croatia, based on geographical origin:

Istrian Italians

Dalmatian Italians

Their numbers drastically decreased following the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus (1943–1960). According to the 2021 Croatian census, the Italians of Croatia number 13,763, or 0.36% of the total Croatian population. They mostly reside in the county of Istria. The Italian language is co-officially used in eighteen Croatian municipalities.
Saaroa language
Saaroa or Lhaʼalua is a Southern Tsouic language spoken by the Saaroa (Hla'alua) people, an indigenous people of Taiwan. It is a Formosan language or Tsouic language of the Austronesian family.

The Saaroa live in the two villages of Taoyuan and Kaochung in Taoyuan District (Taoyuan Township), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (Zeitoun & Teng 2014).

With fewer than 10 native speakers and an ethnic population of 400 people, Saaroa is considered critically endangered. Even among native speakers of the language, they use primarily Mandarin or Bunun in their daily lives. There is no longer an active speech community for Saaroa.

Saaroa people
The Saaroa or Hla'alua people (Chinese: 拉阿魯哇族) are an indigenous people of central southern Taiwan. They live in the two villages of Taoyuan and Kaochung in Taoyuan District, Kaohsiung and Maya Village in Namasia District, Kaohsiung.

The group attained official recognition from the Taiwanese government on 26 June 2014 under the name Hla'alua as the 15th indigenous people of Taiwan. Previously, the group as considered as subgroup of the Tsou people.
British Library, Stowe MS 54 (Histoire ancienne)
British Library, Stowe MS 54 is a French illuminated manuscript from the first quarter of the fifteenth century of the Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César ("Ancient History up to Caesar"), a medieval historical compilation recounting tales of the ancient world, especially the Trojan War, the conquests of Alexander the Great (particularly the Fall of Thebes), and the greatness of ancient Rome.

The manuscript was copied in Paris from an earlier Neapolitan exemplar illuminated by Cristoforo Orimina, also held by the British Library (Royal 20 D I). The illustrations in this copy were provided by an unidentified illuminator from the Low Countries, working in Paris.

The manuscript forms part of the Stowe manuscripts in the British Library.

Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César
The Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César ("Ancient history until Caesar") is the first medieval French prose compilation of stories of antiquity, mostly consisting of the so-called Matter of Troy and of Rome, besides text from the Bible and other histories. Composed in the early 13th century in northern France, it told the history of the world from the creation to the time of Julius Caesar. Often copied, it underwent an important redaction in Italy in the 14th century; its influence extended into the Renaissance. In manuscripts from the 14th and 15th centuries it was frequently found together with the Faits des Romains, which continued the history of the Roman Empire.
Bowyer baronets
There have been five baronetcies created for members of the Bowyer family, a political family in the UK: three in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Three of the titles are extinct while the remaining extant baronetcies have been united in one holder. The Bowyer baronets are all descended from Thomas Bowyer who late in the 14th century married Katherine de Knypersley of Knypersley Hall in Staffordshire.

Bowyer baronets of Leighthorne, Sussex (1627)

Bowyer baronets of Denham Court (1660): see Baron Denham

Bowyer baronets of Knipersley, Staffordshire (1660)

Bowyer baronets of Radley (1794): see Baron Denham

Bowyer baronets of Weston Underwood: see Baron Denham

Bowyer baronets of Knipersley, Staffordshire (1660)
The Bowyer baronetcy, of Knipersley in the County of Stafford, was created in the Baronetage of England in 1660 for John Bowyer. He sat as Member of Parliament for Staffordshire and Newcastle-under-Lyme. His elder son, the second Baronet, represented Warwick and Staffordshire in the House of Commons. His son, the third Baronet, died childless and was succeeded by his uncle, the fourth Baronet. On the latter's death in 1701 without surviving male issue the title became extinct.
Burcombe
Burcombe is a village in the civil parish of Burcombe Without, in Wiltshire, England. The village is about 4.5 miles (7 km) west of Salisbury city centre and lies each side of an unclassified road. Burcombe is an unspoiled village with many of the houses' gardens leading down to the River Nadder. The parish includes the hamlet of Ugford which is on the A30 road near the boundary with Wilton parish.

Salisbury
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee, locally /ˈsɔːzbəri/ SAWZ-bər-ee) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from Southampton and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from Bath.

Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Line and the Wessex Main Line.

Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) northwest of Salisbury.
Florence Howe
Florence Rosenfeld Howe (March 17, 1929 – September 12, 2020) was an American author, publisher, literary scholar, and historian who is considered to have been a leader of the contemporary feminist movement.

Feminist Press
The Feminist Press at CUNY is an American independent nonprofit literary publisher of the City University of New York, based in New York City. It primarily publishes feminist literature that promotes freedom of expression and social justice.

The press publishes writing by people who share an activist spirit and a belief in choice and equality. Founded in 1970 to challenge sexual stereotypes in books, schools and libraries, the press began by rescuing “lost” works by writers such as Zora Neale Hurston, Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Rebecca Harding Davis, and established its publishing program with books by American writers of diverse racial and class backgrounds. Since then it has also been bringing works from around the world to North American readers. The Feminist Press is the longest surviving women's publishing house in the world.
Mankono Department
Mankono Department is a department of Béré Region in Woroba District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 271,894 and its seat is the settlement of Mankono. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bouandougou, Mankono, Marandallah, Sarhala, and Tiéningboué.

Departments of Ivory Coast
Departments of Ivory Coast (French: départements de Côte d'Ivoire) are currently the third-level administrative subdivision of the country. Each of the 31 second-level regions of Ivory Coast is divided into two or more departments. (The autonomous districts are containing departments, but have a specific status.) Each department is divided into two or more sub-prefectures. Since 2020, there are 111 departments of Ivory Coast.

Departments were first created in 1959. During their existence, they have been first-, second-, and third-level administrative subdivisions.
The Pleasure and the Greed
The Pleasure and the Greed is the second studio album by Canadian-American rock band Big Wreck and the last released before their break-up. In April 2001, the band made seven songs from the album available for download on their website. On April 30, the band released the lead single from the album, "Inhale", which achieved notable radio airplay in Canada. Songs "Ladylike" and "Knee Deep" were also released as singles and music videos were released for each of them. The song "Breakthrough" features Myles Kennedy, the now-former frontman for The Mayfield Four and the current frontman for Alter Bridge. The album was released on June 5, 2001, and debuted at #10 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 7,408 copies in its first week.

Nickelback has covered Mistake many times in the past including appearing on the Live at Home film but is commonly mistaken as an original Nickelback songs amongst fans.

Big Wreck
Big Wreck are a Canadian rock band formed by Ian Thornley and Brian Doherty in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1992. The band was rounded out with David Henning and Forrest Williams. They disbanded in 2002 and Ian Thornley pursued a solo career with his own band Thornley.  In 2010, Ian Thornley and Brian Doherty reunited for a cross-Canada tour, playing both Big Wreck and Thornley songs. In 2012, under the name Big Wreck, the band released their third studio album, Albatross. The band has since released the albums Ghosts in 2014, Grace Street in 2017, ...But for the Sun in 2019, 7 in 2023, and The Rest of the Story in 2025.
Holditch's theorem
In plane geometry, Holditch's theorem states that if a chord of fixed length is allowed to rotate inside a convex closed curve, then the locus of a point on the chord a distance p from one end and a distance q from the other is a closed curve whose enclosed area is less than that of the original curve by . The theorem was published in 1858 by Rev. Hamnet Holditch. While not mentioned by Holditch, the proof of the theorem requires an assumption that the chord be short enough that the traced locus is a simple closed curve.

Chord (geometry)
A chord (from the Latin chorda, meaning "catgut or string") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. If a chord were to be extended infinitely on both directions into a line, the object is a secant line. The perpendicular line passing through the chord's midpoint is called sagitta (Latin for "arrow").

More generally, a chord is a line segment joining two points on any curve, for instance, on an ellipse. A chord that passes through a circle's center point is the circle's diameter.
1909–10 Divizia A
The 1909–10 Divizia A was the first season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania. It was contested by only three teams, and Olympia București were crowned champions of the inaugural edition.

Colentina A.C. București
Colentina A.C. București was a football club based in Bucharest, in southern Romania. It was founded in 1909 and it soon became one of the best teams in the country, winning two Romanian Championships The club was dissolved in 1947.
KERA-TV
KERA-TV (channel 13) is a PBS member television station licensed to Dallas, Texas, United States, serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Owned by North Texas Public Broadcasting, Inc., it is sister to NPR member station KERA (90.1 FM), adult album alternative station KKXT (91.7 FM), and classical music station WRR (101.1 FM, which is operated under a management services agreement with the City of Dallas). The stations share studios on Harry Hines Boulevard; KERA-TV's transmitter is located in Cedar Hill, Texas.

Wichita Falls, Texas
Wichita Falls (/ˈwɪtʃɪtɑː/ WITCH-ih-tah) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita Counties. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 102,316, making it the 43rd-most populous city in Texas. Wichita Falls is home to Midwestern State University, enrolling more than 5,500 students.
Starczów
Starczów [ˈstart͡ʂuf] (German: Alt Altmannsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Gmina Kamieniec Ząbkowicki
Gmina Kamieniec Ząbkowicki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Ząbkowice Śląskie, and 68 kilometres (42 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 96.24 square kilometres (37.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 8,137.
Queenie (miniseries)
Queenie is a 1987 ABC miniseries based on the eponymous 1985 novel by writer and producer Michael Korda. Winston Beard (a pseudonym for James Goldman) and April Smith adapted the novel for television, with Larry Peerce directing.

Larry Peerce
Lawrence Peerce (born April 19, 1930) is an American film and TV director whose work includes the theatrical feature Goodbye, Columbus (1969), the early rock and roll concert film The Big T.N.T. Show (1965), One Potato, Two Potato (1964), The Other Side of the Mountain (1975) and Two-Minute Warning (1976).