hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mamia V Gurieli
Mamia V Gurieli (Georgian: მამია V გურიელი; 1789 – 21 November 1826), of the House of Gurieli, became Prince of Guria, in western Georgia, in 1797. From 1797 to 1809, he was under the regency of his paternal uncle, Prince Kaikhosro. Mamia was a Europeanizing ruler, presiding over efforts to reform Guria's administration and education. Rejecting the vestiges of Ottoman overlordship, he made Guria an autonomous subject of the Russian Empire in 1810 and remained steadfast in allegiance to the new order even when his uncle Kaikhosro and leading nobles of Guria rose in arms against the Russian hegemony in 1820. Mamia's loyalty, even it was timidly displayed during a pacification campaign in Guria, was appreciated by the Russian government. Mamia himself grew increasingly depressed after the uprising and died in 1826, leaving his son David to become the last titular Prince of Guria.

Principality of Guria
The Principality of Guria (Georgian: გურიის სამთავრო, romanized: guriis samtavro) was a historical state in Georgia. Centered on modern-day Guria, a southwestern region in Georgia, it was located between the Black Sea and Lesser Caucasus, and was ruled by a succession of twenty-two princes of the House of Gurieli from the 1460s to 1829. The principality emerged during the process of fragmentation of a unified Kingdom of Georgia. Its boundaries fluctuated in the course of permanent conflicts with neighboring Georgian rulers and the Ottoman Empire, and the principality enjoyed various degrees of autonomy until being annexed by Imperial Russia in 1829.
Zion Memorial Chapel (New Hamburg, New York)
Zion Memorial Chapel, now known as St. Nicholas-on-the-Hudson, is an historic Carpenter Gothic style Episcopal church building located at 37 Point Street in New Hamburg, New York, United States. It was built in 1902 as a chapel of nearby Zion Church in Wappingers Falls and became a separate parish in 1983.

The small wooden church building overlooks the nearby Hudson River. It was built in the early 20th century in a late interpretation of the Gothic Revival architectural style. For that reason it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
Chondroitin
A chondroitin, as the sulfate, is a component of bamacan, a proteoglycan (sugar-protein conjugate) that comprises some membranes. Chondroitin is a chondrin derivative.

Types include:

Chondroitin sulfate

Dermatan sulfate

Chondroitin as a supplement is now commonly used (often in combination with glucosamine) in treating the joint disease of osteoarthritis. In contrast to the symptomatic treatments, chondroitin can modify the progression of a disease process in the patient which it can be used as an alternative medicine. Chondroitin's effect toward the articular cartilage integrity as it is part of the proteoglycan molecules. The cartilage proteoglycan synthesis can speed up as chondroitin is going through the pathway of the alimentary canal. Research has been conducted to show the effectiveness of chondroitin and results indicate that it helps to manage pain in knee and hip, slow down the progression and also recovery. However, the effectiveness of the drugs is still doubtful.

Chondrin
Chondrin is a bluish-white gelatin-like substance, being a protein-carbohydrate complex and can be obtained by boiling cartilage in water.
The cartilage is a connective tissue that contains cells embedded in a matrix of chondrin. Chondrin is made up of two proteins chondroalbunoid and chondromucoid.
Sivok Junction
Sivok railway station is a junction railway station in Darjeeling district, West Bengal. Its code is SVQ. The station serves Sevoke town. The station consists of two platforms. The station lies on New Jalpaiguri–Siliguri–New Mal Junction–Hasimara–Alipurduar Junction route under Alipurduar division of Northeast Frontier Railway. It is also the originating point of the Sevoke-Rangpo Railway Line which is under construction. This railway station is a scenic railway station as it falls under Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary just ahead of Sevoke Railway Bridge over river Teesta.

Sevoke Railway Bridge
Sevoke Railway Bridge is the railway bridge on River Teesta near Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary at Sevoke, West Bengal, India. The railway bridge is about 396.1 metres long and connects Darjeeling district with  Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal. The bridge lies on New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line of Northeast Frontier Railway, Alipurduar Division.

It connects Siliguri - Sevoke to the Doars region of North Bengal. Sevoke Railway Bridge runs parallel to Coronation Road Bridge over Teesta. This bridge is located just ahead of Sivok railway station towards New Malbazar Station.

In June 2016 there were some cracks in the pillar of this bridge due to heavy rainfall in Sikkim and North Bengal, and it was closed for a few weeks for repair.
Krasiniec
Krasiniec [kraˈɕiɲɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoniawy-Bramura, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is situated on the Węgierka River, a tributary of the Orzyc River.

Gmina Płoniawy-Bramura
Gmina Płoniawy-Bramura is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Płoniawy-Bramura, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Maków Mazowiecki and 83 km (52 mi) north of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 134.96 square kilometres (52.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,864 (5,755 in 2011).
His Happiness Shall Come First Even Though We Are Suffering
His Happiness Shall Come First Even Though We Are Suffering (stylized in all caps) is the fourth studio album by Zambian-Canadian rapper Backxwash. The album was announced on July 14 and released on October 31, 2022, via Ugly Hag Records, and concludes Backxwash's three album trilogy and features collaborations from various vocalists.

Backxwash
Ashanti Mutinta (born October 4, 1991), known professionally as Backxwash, is a Zambian-Canadian rapper and record producer based in Montreal, Quebec. She is most noted for her 2020 album God Has Nothing to Do with This Leave Him Out of It, which won the 2020 Polaris Music Prize.
Thomas Welcome Roys
Thomas Welcome Roys (c. 1816 - d. 1877) was an American whaleman. He was significant in the history of whaling in that he discovered the Western Arctic bowhead whale population and developed and patented whaling rockets in order to hunt the faster, more powerful species that had until then eluded European whalers.

History of whaling
This article discusses the history of whaling from prehistoric times up to the commencement of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) moratorium on commercial whaling in 1986. Whaling has been an important subsistence and economic activity in multiple regions throughout human history. Commercial whaling dramatically reduced in importance during the 19th century due to the development of alternatives to whale oil for lighting, and the collapse in whale populations. Nevertheless, some nations continue to hunt whales even today.
Skąpe, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Skąpe [ˈskɔmpɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Złocieniec, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Złocieniec, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 101 km (63 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1945 the settlement was part of Germany and known as Beatenhof.

The settlement has a population of 2,007.

Gmina Złocieniec
Gmina Złocieniec is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Złocieniec, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie and 96 km (60 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 194.53 square kilometres (75.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 15,571 (out of which the population of Złocieniec amounts to 13,377, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,194).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Drawsko Landscape Park.
Mischa Zverev
Mikhail "Mischa" Alexandrovich Zverev (born 22 August 1987) is a German retired professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 25 on 24 July 2017.

At the 2017 Australian Open, Zverev defeated world No. 1 Andy Murray in four sets before losing in the quarterfinals to eventual champion Roger Federer. As a qualifier, he has also reached the quarterfinals of both the 2009 Italian Open and the 2016 Shanghai Masters. He is the brother of former world No. 2, 2021 Olympic gold medallist, and two-time ATP Finals champion Alexander Zverev.

Tommy Robredo
Tomás Robredo Garcés (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtomi roˈβɾeðo ɣaɾˈθes], Catalan: [ɡəɾˈses]; born 1 May 1982) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking was world No. 5, which he reached in August 2006 as a result of winning the Hamburg Masters earlier in the year. Robredo reached the quarterfinals at seven singles major tournaments. He was also a three-time semifinalist at the US Open men's doubles tournament, and a semifinalist at the Australian Open in mixed doubles.

Robredo turned professional in 1998 and was coached by José Manuel "Pepo" Clavet and then by Karim Perona. Robredo considered his forehand to be his best shot, and red clay his favorite surface. He remains the only player in Open Era history to mount three consecutive comebacks from two sets down, a feat achieved en route to the quarterfinals of the 2013 French Open. He has one of the highest percentages of five-set matches won with 77.3 per cent (17–5 win–loss record).
Associate in Music, Australia
The Associate in Music, Australia (AMusA) is a prestigious diploma awarded by the Australian Music Examinations Board (AMEB). It is awarded by examination to outstanding candidates in the fields of musical performance, music theory and musicianship. It is considered to be equivalent to achieving an associate undergraduate degree in Music.

Other music examination boards outside of Australia also have an Associate level diploma under other names, such as Trinity College London and the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music.

ABRSM
The ABRSM (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music) is an examination board and registered charity based in the United Kingdom. ABRSM is one of five examination boards accredited by Ofqual to award graded exams and diploma qualifications in music within the UK's National Qualifications Framework (along with the London College of Music, RSL Awards (Rockschool Ltd), Trinity College London, and the Music Teachers' Board). 'The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music' was established in 1889 and rebranded as ABRSM in 2009. The clarifying strapline "the exam board of the Royal Schools of Music" was introduced in 2012.

More than 600,000 candidates take ABRSM exams each year in over 90 countries. ABRSM also provides a publishing house for music which produces syllabus booklets, sheet music and exam papers and runs professional development courses and seminars for teachers.

ABRSM is one of the UK's 200 largest charitable organisations ranked by annual expenditure.
Netball at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Netball at the 2002 Commonwealth Games was the second netball tournament at the Commonwealth Games. Ten teams, including the hosts England, featured in a series of matches played in July and August 2002 at Manchester's MEN Arena. With a team captained by Kathryn Harby-Williams, featuring  Catherine Cox, Sharelle McMahon, Nicole Richardson and Peta Squire and coached by Jill McIntosh, Australia won the tournament after defeating New Zealand 57–55 in the gold medal match. The match was tied at 46–46 at the end of normal time, and 14 minutes of extra-time saw the sides still level at 55–55. In sudden death extra-time, Sharelle McMahon scored the vital point to give Australia the necessary two-goal gap to win the gold medal. Jamaica finished the tournament in third place after defeating England 55–53 in the bronze medal match.

New Zealand national netball team
The New Zealand national netball team, commonly known as the Silver Ferns (Māori: Rau Hiriwā or Kaponga), represent Netball New Zealand in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, the Commonwealth Games, the Taini Jamison Trophy, the Constellation Cup, the Netball Quad Series and the Fast5 Netball World Series. They have also represented New Zealand at the World Games. New Zealand made their test debut in 1938. As of 2023, New Zealand have been world champions on five occasions and Commonwealth champions twice. They are regularly ranked number two in the World Netball Rankings.
Ammonium perchlorate
Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO4.  It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. It is a powerful oxidizer and a major component of ammonium perchlorate composite propellant. Its instability has involved it in accidents such as the PEPCON disaster, and has been suspected as the cause of the Port of Shahid Rajaee explosion.

Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur, not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by  being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder. This provides manufacturing regularity and repeatability, which are necessary requirements for use in the aerospace industry.
El Bluff
Bluff is a port city on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua within the bay of Bluefields. Bluff handles limited cargo and has basic piers. It is also a base for the sea-going fishing vessels on Nicaragua's Caribbean coast.

The island that it sits on is now connected to the mainland via a causeway constructed between 2004 and 2007.

Bluefields
Bluefields  (Spanish pronunciation: [bluˈfjels]) is a city and municipality on the central Mosquito Coast, and capital of the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, Nicaragua. Historically, it held far greater significance as the political and administrative capital of the Kingdom of Mosquitia, which maintained independence and later protectorate status under Great Britain during the 17th to 19th centuries. Following the kingdom's annexation in 1894, the city became the capital of the Zelaya Department.
Rumigny, Ardennes
Rumigny (French pronunciation: [ʁymiɲi]) is a commune in the Ardennes department in the  Grand Est region in northern France.

It lies near Rozoy-sur-Serre, 12 km (7.5 mi) from Mon Idée on the border with Belgium, at the junction of routes D877 and D977.

Ardennes (department)
Ardennes (French: [aʁdɛn] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the broader Ardennes. Its prefecture is the town Charleville-Mézières. The department has 270,582 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ardennais or Ardennaises.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR3 gene. FGFR3 has also been designated as CD333 (cluster of differentiation 333). The gene, which is located on chromosome 4, location p16.3, is expressed in tissues such as the cartilage, brain, intestine, and kidneys.

The FGFR3 gene produces various forms of the FGFR-3 protein; the location varies depending on the isoform of FGFR-3. Since the different forms are found within different tissues the protein is responsible for multiple growth factor interactions. Gain of function mutations in FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and underlies achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia.

Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residues of specific proteins inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.

Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger class of enzymes known as protein kinases which also attach phosphates to other amino acids such as serine and threonine. Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell (signal transduction) and regulating cellular activity, such as cell division.

Protein kinases can become mutated, stuck in the "on" position, and cause unregulated growth of the cell, which is a necessary step for the development of cancer. Therefore, kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib and osimertinib, are often effective cancer treatments.

Most tyrosine kinases have an associated protein tyrosine phosphatase, which removes the phosphate group.
Gajpati Ujjainia
Raja Gajpati Ujjainia, also known as Raja Gajpati Sahi was a ruler of Bhojpur belonging to the Ujjainiya dynasty.

He accepted the suzerainty of Sher Shah Suri and thus also served as a commander in the army of Sher Shah Suri, the ruler of the Sur Empire. Two of his most important military campaigns he fought was the Battle of Surajgarh and Battle of Chausa. As a reward, he was given the territory of Rohtas to his dominion.
He was the first Ujjainiya chief to have a continued battle with Mughals.

Ujjainiya
The Ujjainiya Parmār (also spelled as Ujjaini or simply Ujjainiya) are a Rajput clan that inhabits the Bhojpur region in the state of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. They were an offshoot of the Parmara Rajputs that claims Agnivanshi descent.

They are considered to have played a prominent role in the political history of medieval Bihar with many of their strongholds being established in the erstwhile Shahabad district of West Bihar, the most notable of which are Dumraon Raj and Jagdispur. 
Their oral tradition is contained within a 19th century book called the Tawarikh-i-Ujjainiya. According to this, they trace their ancestry to Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh where the Parmar Rajput kings ruled. After settling in Bihar, the locals started to refer to them as Ujjainiya. They call themselves Ujjainiya Parmars.
Philadelphia Daily News
Philadelphia Daily News is a tabloid newspaper that serves Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The newspaper is owned by The Philadelphia Inquirer, LLC, and is published as an edition of The Philadelphia Inquirer.

The Daily News began publishing on March 31, 1925, under founding editor Lee Ellmaker. By 1930, the newspaper's circulation exceeded 200,000, but by the 1950s the news paper was losing money. In 1954, the newspaper was sold to Matthew McCloskey and then sold again in 1957 to publisher Walter Annenberg.

In 1969, Annenberg sold the Daily News to Knight Ridder. In 2006 Knight Ridder sold the paper to a group of local investors, and it later became part of Philadelphia Media Network (PMN) with The Inquirer. PMN was donated to The Philadelphia Foundation in 2016, and the Daily News became an edition of The Inquirer in 2019. The Daily News has won three Pulitzer Prizes.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Baker, West Virginia
Baker is an unincorporated community on the Lost River in Hardy County, West Virginia, United States. Baker is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 48, West Virginia Route 55, West Virginia Route 29 and West Virginia Route 259.  The ZCTA population for Baker's ZIP Code was 1,262 at the 2000 census, though the zip code covers a much larger area than the actual community.

The community has the name of the local Baker family.

Hardy County, West Virginia
Hardy County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,299. Its county seat is Moorefield. The county was created from Hampshire County in 1786 and named for Samuel Hardy, a distinguished Virginian.
Tanya Hosch
Tanya Hosch AM is a Torres Strait Islander social activist and business executive. She has held leadership roles in sport, the arts, social justice and public policy. She was joint campaign manager of the "Recognise" campaign run by Reconciliation Australia from 2012 to 2016. At her appointment as social inclusion manager to the Australian Football League (AFL) in June 2016, she became the first Indigenous Australian person and the second woman appointed to an executive position in the AFL.

Torres Strait Islanders
Torres Strait Islanders (/ˈtɒrɪs/ TORR-iss) are the Indigenous Melanesian peoples of the Torres Strait Islands, which are part of the state of Queensland, Australia. Ethnically distinct from the Aboriginal peoples of the rest of Australia, they are often grouped with them as Indigenous Australians. Today, many more Torres Strait Islander people live in mainland Australia than on the islands.

Five distinct peoples exist within the broader designation of Torres Strait Islander people, based partly on geographical and cultural divisions. Kalaw Lagaw Ya and Meriam Mir comprise the two main Indigenous language groups; Yumplatok is also widely spoken as a language of trade and commerce. The core of Island culture is Papuan, and the people are traditionally a seafaring nation. Torres Strait Islanders exhibit a strong artistic culture, particularly in sculpture, printmaking, and mask-making.