hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Army Group Mackensen (Serbia)
The Army Group Mackensen (German: Heeresgruppe Mackensen) which operated in Serbia between 18 September 1915 and 11 October 1916 during World War I under the command of field marshal Mackensen, was an Army Group of the German Army.

It was renamed on 12 October 1916 to Army Group Below and on 23 April 1917 to Army Group Scholtz, according to its new commander.

August von Mackensen
Anton Ludwig Friedrich August Mackensen (ennobled as von Mackensen in 1899; 6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), was a German field marshal. He commanded Army Group Mackensen during World War I (1914–1918) and became one of the German Empire's most prominent and competent military leaders. After the armistice of 11 November 1918, the victorious Allies interned Mackensen in Serbia for a year. In 1920, he retired from the army. In 1933 Hermann Göring made him a Prussian state councillor. During the Nazi era (1933–1945), Mackensen remained a committed monarchist and sometimes appeared at official functions in his World War I uniform. Senior Nazi Party members suspected him of disloyalty, but nothing was proven against him.
Walter Schlesinger
Walter Schlesinger (April 28, 1908, Glauchau – June 10, 1984, Weimar-Wolfshausen, near Marburg) was a German historian of medieval social and economic institutions, particularly in the context of German regional history ("Landesgeschichte"). Schlesinger is widely recognized as one of the most influential and prolific scholars of medieval social history in the post-war period.

Glauchau
Glauchau (German pronunciation: [ˈɡlaʊxaʊ] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Hłuchow, pronounced [ˈhwuxɔf]) is a town in the German federal state of Saxony, on the right bank of the Mulde, 7 miles north of Zwickau and 17 miles west of Chemnitz by rail (its train station is on the Dresden–Werdau line). It is part of the Zwickau district.
GOMX-5
GOMX-5 is a future low Earth orbit technology demonstration satellite under development by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Danish company GomSpace. The mission is designed to demonstrate a new 8U CubeSat platform for GomSpace, as well as an innovative maritime domain awareness payload detecting signals across UHF to X-band for maritime surveillance. The satellite also carries a radiation detector developed by Czech Technical University with ESA support. The satellite is equipped with an electric propulsion system, developed by the French company ThrustMe, for orbit raising and end-of-life disposal in compliance with ESA's space debris mitigation policy. GOMX-5 is expected to launch in 2026.

GomSpace
GomSpace is a manufacturer and operator of nanosatellites for customers in the defense, academic, government and commercial markets. GomSpace's services include systems integration, nanosatellite platforms, constellation operations management and miniaturised radio technology. The company serves customers in more than 50 countries.
Ruston Webster
Ruston Rials Webster (born September 30, 1962) is an American football executive who is currently a senior personnel executive for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as general manager of the Tennessee Titans. During his time with the Seattle Seahawks, Webster also served as the vice president of player personnel under general manager Tim Ruskell. His career began with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, where he started as a scout.

He is a graduate of the University of Mississippi, and he and his wife, Gayle, have three children, a daughter, Hannah, and two sons, Jacob, and Drew. Ruston was born in Houston, Texas to Philip and Patricia Webster, while he was raised in Madison, Mississippi.

Madison, Mississippi
Madison is the 11th most populous city in Mississippi, United States, located in Madison County, 13 miles (21 km) north of the state capital, Jackson. The population was 27,747 at the 2020 census, up from 24,149 in 2010. It is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Nowa Wioska, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Nowa Wioska [ˈnɔva ˈvjɔska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gardeja, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Gardeja
Gmina Gardeja is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Gardeja, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Kwidzyn and 87 km (54 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 192.98 square kilometres (74.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,223.
Little Ouse, Cambridgeshire
Little Ouse is a hamlet in Littleport parish, East Cambridgeshire, England, about 3.5 miles (6 km) north-east of Littleport village. It lies on the left bank of the River Little Ouse, which here marks the boundary between Cambridgeshire and Norfolk.

The lowest trig point in Britain is near Little Ouse; it sits at 1 m below sea level.

Triangulation station
A triangulation station, also known as a trigonometrical point, and sometimes informally as a trig, is a fixed surveying station, used in geodetic surveying and other surveying projects in its vicinity.

The station is usually set up by a mapping organisation with known coordinates and elevation published. Numerous stations are installed on summits for purposes of visibility and prominence. A graven metal plate on the top of a pillar may provide a mounting point for a theodolite or reflector, often using some form of kinematic coupling to ensure reproducible positioning.
Maurice Ewing
William Maurice "Doc" Ewing (May 12, 1906 – May 4, 1974) was an American geophysicist and oceanographer.

Ewing has been described as a pioneering geophysicist who worked on the research of seismic reflection and refraction in ocean basins, ocean bottom photography, submarine sound transmission (including the SOFAR channel), deep sea core samples of the ocean bottom, theory and observation of earthquake surface waves, fluidity of the Earth's core, generation and propagation of microseisms, submarine explosion seismology, marine gravity surveys, bathymetry and sedimentation, natural radioactivity of ocean waters and sediments, study of abyssal plains and submarine canyons.

Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography
The Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (SSAG; Swedish: Svenska Sällskapet för Antropologi och Geografi) is a scientific learned society founded in December 1877. It was established after a rearrangement of various sections of the Anthropological Society, which was formed in 1873 by Hjalmar Stolpe, Hans Hildebrand, Oscar Montelius, and Gustaf Retzius.

The society functions as a link between science and the public, especially in the subjects of anthropology and geography. It awards research fellowships, organizes excursions and lectures, and hands out awards including the Vega Medal and Retzius Medal. In 1880, the society published the first edition of the Swedish yearbook Ymer, and it has published the international journal Geografiska Annaler since 1919, a publication that is divided between physical geography and human geography.

In 2018, it established Kritisk Etnografi, an academic journal of ethnography.
Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil
Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ dy mɛnil]) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Mesnil-en-Ouche.

Mesnil-en-Ouche
Mesnil-en-Ouche (French pronunciation: [menil ɑ̃.n‿uʃ], literally Mesnil in Ouche) is a commune in the department of Eure, northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the 16 former communes of Ajou, La Barre-en-Ouche, Beaumesnil (the seat), Bosc-Renoult-en-Ouche, Épinay, Gisay-la-Coudre, Gouttiéres, Granchain, Jonquerets-de-Livet, Landepéreuse, La Roussière, Saint-Aubin-des-Hayes, Saint-Aubin-le-Guichard, Sainte-Marguerite-en-Ouche, Saint-Pierre-du-Mesnil and Thevray.
Murray's Dude Ranch
Murray's Ranch, sometimes called the Overall Wearing Dude Ranch, was a guest ranch in Bell Mountain, California from the 1920s until the 1960s. The ranch was located at the northwest corner of Waalew Road and Dale Evans Parkway in Apple Valley, just outside the city limits of Victorville. It was owned by African Americans and catered primarily to an African American clientele. It also served as the set for a number of "all-black cast" western movies including groundbreaking Western musical Harlem on the Prairie (1937).

Bell Mountain, California
Bell Mountain is an unincorporated community in the Victor Valley region of the Mojave Desert, within San Bernardino County, southern California.

It is north of Apple Valley, east of Interstate 15, and 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Victorville. The town lies at 3,082 feet above sea level on Dale Evans Parkway.

A post office was established in the community in 1953 but it was discontinued three years later.
Roberto Guajardo Suárez
Roberto Guajardo Suárez (16 October 1918 – c. October 2008) was a Mexican lawyer who served as the second director-general of the Monterrey Institute of Technology (ITESM, 1947–1951), as a founding president of Sociedad Artística Tecnológico (the institute's artistic society) in 1948 and as president of Coparmex, a Mexican employers' association (1960–1973).

Guajardo Suárez was born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, into a family composed by Manuel Guajardo Medina and Sofía Suárez Rojas  He received a bachelor's degree in law from the Escuela Libre de Derecho (1941) and served as director of Sulfato de Viesca, S.A.  (1951–53) and Refrescos Internacionales (1953–60).

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM; Spanish: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey), also known as the Technological Institute of Monterrey (Spanish: Tecnológico de Monterrey) or simply Tec, is a private research university based in Monterrey, Mexico. It has expanded to include 35 campuses across 25 cities in the country and 22 liaison offices in 15 other countries.

The university was founded in 1943 by Eugenio Garza Sada, who was educated at MIT in the United States. Eugenio Garza Sada was an industrialist and philanthropist from Monterrey.

ITESM was the first university outside the U.S. to establish an internet connection in the Western Hemisphere, linking the University of Texas at San Antonio directly.
Rietbrock, Wisconsin
The Town of Rietbrock is located in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the Wausau, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town contains one of the four 45×90 points of the world, where the 45th parallel north and 90th meridian west intersect. The population was 981 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated communities of Poniatowski and Schnappsville are located within the town.

Poniatowski, Wisconsin
Poniatowski is an unincorporated community, in the town of Rietbrock, Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. The area is geographically notable for being less than one mile away from the 45°N, 90°W point. It is most likely named after a Polish royal family of the same name.
CLS (command)
In computing, CLS (for clear screen) is a command used by the command-line interpreters COMMAND.COM and cmd.exe on DOS, Digital Research FlexOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows and ReactOS operating systems to clear the screen or console window of commands and any output generated by them. It does not clear the user's history of commands, however.
The command is also available in the DEC RT-11 operating system, in the open-source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox and in the EFI shell. In other environments, such as Linux and Unix, the same functionality is provided by the clear command.

COMMAND.COM
COMMAND.COM is the default command-line interpreter for MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me. In the case of DOS, it is the default user interface as well. It has an additional role as the usual first program run after boot (init process). As a shell, COMMAND.COM has two distinct modes of operation: interactive mode and batch mode. Internal commands are commands stored directly inside the COMMAND.COM binary; thus, they are always available, but can only be executed directly from the command interpreter.
Alireza Khatami
Alireza Khatami (born 1980) is an Iranian-Canadian film director and screenwriter. He is most noted for his 2025 film The Things You Kill, which was selected as Canada's submission for the Best International Feature Film award at the 98th Academy Awards.

His debut feature film, Oblivion Verses, debuted in the Orizzonti program at the 74th Venice International Film Festival in 2017, where it won a number of awards including Best Screenplay in the Orrizonti section, the FIPRESCI Award and the Interfilm award.

In 2023, Khatami and Ali Asgari collaborated on Terrestrial Verses, which premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival.

The Things You Kill premiered at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival, where it was named the winner of the World Cinema Dramatic Competition.

He is an associate professor of film at Toronto Metropolitan University.

2025 Sundance Film Festival
The 2025 Sundance Film Festival took place in person from January 23 to February 2, 2025, in Park City and Salt Lake City, Utah, and online from January 30 to February 2. The first selection lineup was announced on December 11, 2024.

It is one of the last editions to take place in Utah, as the festival announced it will be held in Boulder, Colorado, beginning with the 2027 edition.
Cape May diamonds
Cape May diamonds (sometimes capitalized "Diamonds") are quartz pebbles found on the beaches of Cape May Point, New Jersey. The pebbles are sometimes collected, cut and polished to resemble diamonds, then sold locally as souvenirs.  Cape May diamonds are usually collected by beach combing and are most abundant at Higbee and Sunset beaches in Cape May. Cape May diamonds range in size from the finest sand to a 3-pound-14-ounce (1.8 kg) "Cape May diamond" found in New Castle, Delaware in 1866. In the 1960s a small intact quartz crystal was found at Sunset Beach which showed almost no signs of rounding by erosion. This dispelled some early myths of their source which included a large boulder of quartz offshore.

Sunset Beach (New Jersey)
Sunset Beach is a beach located on the Cape May Peninsula, in Lower Township, New Jersey, near Cape May Point,  along the Delaware Bay, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is a local tourist attraction due in part to its proximity to the SS Atlantus, also known as the Concrete Ship, and the Cape May Lighthouse.
Graham Davidge
Graham Davidge is an Australian musician. He has played with Little River Band (1975), Tidewater (1976), Goanna (1982–83) and numerous other Australian bands.

Davidge was chosen as the original lead guitarist for Little River Band. He played on the band's first recording in 1975, a cover of The Everly Brothers song "When Will I Be Loved". Linda Ronstadt released her version of the song around the same time, and the Little River Band version was not released. Davidge left the band shortly thereafter, to be replaced by Ric Formosa.

"When Will I Be Loved" featuring Graham Davidge was subsequently released on the Little River Band rarities album Too Late to Load in 1988, on their 1995 compilation album Reminiscing: The 20th Anniversary Collection and as a single in 1989 to promote Too Late to Load.

Davidge went to play with Goanna in 1982–1983, appearing on the album Spirit of Place.

Spirit of Place (album)
Spirit of Place is the debut studio album by Australian folk rock band Goanna. It was originally released in November 1982, it peaked at No. 2 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by May 1983.

Spirit of Place was the first charting rock record to feature the didgeridoo. The didgeridoo is particularly prominent on "Solid Rock", which was a No. 3 hit on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart in October. The album was also heavy on social protest themes; "Solid Rock" deals with issues of land rights for Indigenous Australians. "Razor's Edge" tackled rural despair and achieved a Top 40 spot in April 1983. The album was re-released in a remastered and expanded form in 2003.
Lubnowo
Lubnowo [lubˈnɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Gmina Płoskinia
Gmina Płoskinia is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Płoskinia, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Braniewo and 66 km (41 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 172.05 square kilometres (66.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,707.
Somebody Paints the Wall
"Somebody Paints the Wall" is a country music song written by Tommy Smith, Charles Browder, Elroy Kahanek, and Nelson Larkin. First released in 1989 by Josh Logan from his album of the same name, it was a number 62 country hit for him that year. A second version was issued by George Jones who recorded the song as "Somebody Always Paints the Wall" on his 1990 album You Oughta Be Here with Me.  then a third by Tracy Lawrence in 1992 from his album Sticks and Stones, and his version was a Top 10 country hit.

Elroy Kahanek
Elroy D. Kahanek (March 27, 1941 – March 11, 2014) was a record industry official and songwriter. He was involved with promoting various successful musicians and their work for RCA Records, Sunbird Records, Atlantic Records, and Bang II Records. He also helped write several hit songs including "Somebody Paints the Wall", "She's Playing Hard to Forget", "The Fool Who Fooled Around", and "Tryin' to Beat the Morning Home".

In the 1970s he worked for RCA Records and was involved in its “outlaw music” era, promoting works by artists including Waylon Jennings. He worked with Earl Thomas Conley at Sunbird and Tracy Lawrence and John Michael Montgomery at Atlantic.

He was a robbery victim. Late in his career he worked for Bang II Records in Nashville.
Massena Canal
The Massena Power Canal, which connects the Saint Lawrence River to the lower Grass River.

In 1833 the New York State Legislature chartered a canal to bypass a troublesome rapids hindering navigation on the St. Lawrence by linking the Grasse and St. Lawrence rivers, however, the British Empire preempted the project by building the Cornwall Canal on the Canadian side of the River, completed in 1843.  The Massena Canal project was revived at the end of the century, and the canal was completed in 1898.

A powerhouse were built in the early 1900s to provide hydroelectric power to the local community of Massena, New York. It is located in Massena, New York, St Lawrence County. The Power Canal closed in 1958, when the Eisenhower locks system and Moses-Saunders Power Dam (FDR project) on the St. Lawrence River was completed.

Grasse River
The Grasse River or Grass River (per 1905 decision of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names) is a 73-mile-long (117 km) river in northern New York, in the United States. The river mainly flows northeast from the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains into the St. Lawrence Valley, making up what is known as the greater St. Lawrence River Drainage Basin along with other tributaries such as the Oswegatchie and Raquette rivers.

The river was named after François Joseph Paul, comte de Grasse, a French admiral and hero of the American Revolutionary War. He defeated British forces in the Battle of the Chesapeake, contributing to their surrender at Yorktown, ending the war.
2010 Curaçao general election
Island Council elections were held in Curaçao on 27 August 2010. Early elections were necessary because the island council failed to approve a proposed new constitution with a two-thirds majority in the first reading. Before it could be adopted by a simple majority in the second reading, the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands specified that a general election had to be held.

Although the elections were held for the island council of Curaçao, its newly elected members automatically became members of the Parliament of Curaçao when Curaçao became a constituent country  within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 10 October 2010.

Parliament of Curaçao
The Parliament of Curaçao (Papiamento: Parlamento di Kòrsou) on the island of Curaçao, in the Dutch Caribbean region, consists of 21 members, each elected for a four-year term in a general election. The first Parliament was installed on 10 October 2010, following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, and consisted of the members of the island council elected on 27 August 2010.

The first Speaker of the Parliament was Ivar Asjes (Pueblo Soberano), while Amerigo Thodé (Movementu Futuro Korsou) was the Deputy Speaker.

The incumbent Speaker of Parliament is Fergino Brownbill.
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC; French: Relations Couronne-Autochtones et des Affaires du Nord Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for Canada's northern lands and territories, and one of two departments with responsibility for policies relating to Indigenous peoples in Canada (the other being the Department of Indigenous Services, or ISC).

CIRNAC, along with ISC, were established to replace the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND).

The department is overseen by two cabinet ministers, the Minister of Crown–Indigenous relations (whose portfolio includes treaty rights and land negotiations) and the Minister of Northern Affairs. Its headquarters is in Terrasses de la Chaudière, in downtown Gatineau, Quebec.

Gatineau
Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-in-oh; French: [ɡatino] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041. Gatineau is also part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area with a population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth largest in Canada.

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.

It is also the most bilingual (French-English) city in Canada.
Wangkangurru dialect
Wangkangurru or Wangganguru /ˈwʌŋɡəŋˈʊəruː/ is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family. It was a dialect of Arabana spoken by the Wangkangurru people.

Wangganguru had the full range of consonants of the prototypical Australian language. Several of the nasals and laterals were allophonically prestopped.

Pre-stopped consonant
In linguistics, pre-stopping, also known as pre-occlusion or pre-plosion, is a phonological process involving the historical or allophonic insertion of a very short stop consonant before a sonorant, such as a short [d] before a nasal [n] or a lateral [l], or a short [p] before a nasal [m]. The resulting sounds ([ᵈn, ᵈl, ᵖm]) are called pre-stopped consonants, or sometimes pre-ploded or (in Celtic linguistics) pre-occluded consonants, although technically [n] may be considered an occlusive/stop without the pre-occlusion.

A pre-stopped consonant behaves phonologically as a single consonant. That is, like affricates and trilled affricates, the reasons for considering these sequences to be single consonants lies primarily in their behavior. Phonetically they are similar or equivalent to stops with a nasal or lateral release.