hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbia (supercontinent)
Columbia, also known as Nuna or Hudsonland, is a hypothetical ancient supercontinent. It was first proposed by John J.W. Rogers and M. Santosh in 2002 and is thought to have existed approximately 2,500 to 1,500 million years ago (Ma), in the Paleoproterozoic era. The assembly of the supercontinent was likely completed during global-scale collisional events from 2,100 to 1,800 Ma.

Columbia consisted of proto-cratons that made up the cores of the continents of Laurentia, Baltica, Ukrainian Shield, Amazonian Craton, Australia, and possibly Siberia, North China, and Kalaharia as well. The evidence of Columbia's existence is provided by geological and paleomagnetic data.

Paleoproterozoic
The Paleoproterozoic Era (also spelled Palaeoproterozoic) is the first of the three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic eon, and also the longest era of the Earth's geological history, spanning from 2,500 to 1,600 million years ago (2.5–1.6 Ga). It is further subdivided into four geologic periods, namely the Siderian, Rhyacian, Orosirian and Statherian.

Paleontological evidence suggests that the Earth's rotational rate ~1.8 billion years ago equated to 20-hour days, implying a total of ~450 days per year. It was during this era that the continents first stabilized.
April 13 Ironworks
The April 13 Ironworks, one of North Korea's primary metal industries, is an ironworks in Posan-dong, Ch'ŏllima-guyŏk, Namp'o. Originally opened during the Japanese colonial era, it was nationalised after the partition of Korea and has been renovated several times, in the 1960s and again in the 1980s. As of 1997 it has a production capacity of hundreds of thousands of tons of pig iron, of which all is shipped to the Ch'ŏllima Steel Complex in nearby Kangsŏn.

The facility is served by the Korean State Railway via Posan Station on the P'yŏngnam Line.

Pyongnam Line
The P'yŏngnam Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the Korean State Railway in North Korea, linking P'yŏngyang with the port city of Namp'o and the hot springs at P'yŏngnam Onch'ŏn. The length of the line is 89.9 km (55.9 mi).

The P'yŏngnam Line serves as a connection between the various trunk lines starting at P'yŏngyang that serve the north and east of the country with the lines in the southwestern part of North Korea by means of a connection to the Sŏhae Kammun Line (West Sea Barrage Line). It connects to the Ryonggang Line and the Taean Line, as well as to the P'yŏngyanghwajŏn Line, the Chamjilli Line, the Posan Line, the Tojiri Line, the Namp'o Port Line, and, formerly, the Namdong Line.
USS Davis (DD-395)
The third USS Davis (DD-395) was a Somers-class destroyer in the United States Navy. She was named for Charles Henry Davis.

Davis was launched 30 July 1938 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; sponsored by Miss E. Davis, granddaughter of Rear Admiral Davis; and commissioned 9 November 1938.

Bath Iron Works
Bath Iron Works (BIW) is a major United States shipyard located on the Kennebec River in Bath, Maine, founded in 1884 as Bath Iron Works, Limited. Since 1995, Bath Iron Works has been a subsidiary of General Dynamics, one of the world's largest defense companies. BIW has built private, commercial, and military vessels, most of which have been ordered by the United States Navy.
Sahar Village, Mumbai
Sahar Village lies in the Andheri East suburb of Mumbai. It is among the oldest settlements of Bombay East Indians on Salsette Island. The village had a station on the Salsette–Trombay Railway that was dismantled after the rail line closed in 1934.

The opening of the Sahar International Terminal (Terminal 2) of the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in the 1980s led to subsequent urban development in the area. 
This includes the opening of the first hotel of The Leela Group in 1988. Its nearby areas are Vile Parle, Marol, JB Nagar, Chakala, and Saki Naka.

Salsette–Trombay Railway
The Salsette–Trombay Railway (also known as the Central Salsette Tramway) was a standard-gauge railway line on the island of Salsette, in the city of Mumbai (Bombay), India. The line was opened in 1928 by the Great Indian Peninsular Railway under the Bombay Improvement Trust which called for "the opening up of a railway line running West to South-east and linking up the Andheri and Kurla stations to render available for building purposes vast tracts of land sufficiently close to the city." Hence, the line linked Andheri in the north with the village of Trombay in the east. The rail line was about 13 km long. During weekends, the line was frequented by picnickers who used to travel to Trombay to buy toddy or palm liquor.

In 1934, the line was shut to make way for the Santacruz Airport.
Take the Skinheads Bowling
"Take the Skinheads Bowling" is a song by the American alternative rock band Camper Van Beethoven, written by the band's frontman David Lowery and released on their album Telephone Free Landslide Victory (1985).

David Lowery (musician)
David Charles Lowery (born September 10, 1960) is an American guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, mathematician, and activist. He is the founder of the alternative rock band Camper Van Beethoven and the co-founder of Cracker, a more traditional rock band. Lowery released his first solo album, The Palace Guards, in February 2011.  Although both Cracker and Camper Van Beethoven continue to play live dates, since 2016 Lowery has focused on issuing new studio recordings only as a solo artist.
PreQ1-II riboswitch
PreQ1-II riboswitches form a class of riboswitches that specifically bind pre-queuosine1 (PreQ1), a precursor of the modified nucleoside queuosine.  They are found in certain species of Streptococcus and Lactococcus, and were originally identified as a conserved RNA secondary structure called the "COG4708 motif".  All known members of this riboswitch class appear to control members of COG4708 genes.  These genes are predicted to encode membrane-bound proteins and have been proposed to be a transporter of preQ1, or a related metabolite, based on their association with preQ1-binding riboswitches.  PreQ1-II riboswitches have no apparent similarities in sequence or structure to preQ1-I riboswitches, a previously discovered class of preQ1-binding riboswitches.  PreQ1 thus joins S-adenosylmethionine as the second metabolite to be found that is the ligand of more than one riboswitch class.

Queuosine
Queuosine is a modified nucleoside that is present in certain tRNAs in bacteria and eukaryotes. It contains the nucleobase queuine. Originally identified in E. coli, queuosine was found to occupy the first anticodon position of tRNAs for histidine, aspartic acid, asparagine and tyrosine.  The first anticodon position pairs with the third "wobble" position in codons, and queuosine improves accuracy of translation compared to guanosine.  Synthesis of queuosine begins with GTP.  In bacteria, three structurally unrelated classes of riboswitch are known to regulate genes that are involved in the synthesis or transport of pre-queuosine1, a precursor to queuosine: PreQ1-I riboswitches, PreQ1-II riboswitches and PreQ1-III riboswitches.

Queuosine biosynthesis genes have also been found on phage genomes and may be involved in protection from genome degradation by the host.
Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram
George Neville Clive Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram, MC, DL (2 August 1915 – 23 May 2017) was a British Army officer. He was a Member of the House of Lords before his exclusion in 1999, due to the House of Lords Act 1999 which excluded most members who inherited their seats. He sat as a Conservative.

He held the title of Baron Wigram, of Clewer in the County of Berkshire, from 1960 when his father Clive Wigram, 1st Baron Wigram died. His son, Major Andrew Francis Clive Wigram, 3rd Baron (born 1949), succeeded to the title on his death.

Baron Wigram
Baron Wigram, of Clewer in the County of Berkshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1935 for the soldier and court official Sir Clive Wigram, Private Secretary to King George V from 1931 to 1936. He was the grandson of Reverend William Pitt Wigram, ninth and youngest son of Sir Robert Wigram, 1st Baronet, of Walthamstow (see Wigram baronets for earlier history of the family). As of 2019 the title is held by his grandson, a former equerry to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who succeeded in May 2017.

The first Baron's great-grandson, Captain Charles Malet of the Coldstream Guards, served as Assistant Equerry to Queen Elizabeth II in 2008. Captain Malet was commissioned in 2005 and has served in Afghanistan.

The family seat is Poulton Fields, near Cirencester, Gloucestershire.
Fredenbeck
Fredenbeck (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁeːdn̩beːk]; Low German: Freenbeek) is a municipality northwest of Hamburg, Germany, in the district of Stade in Lower Saxony.

It belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.

Fredenbeck is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Fredenbeck.

Fredenbeck (Samtgemeinde)
Fredenbeck is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Stade, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the village Fredenbeck.

The Samtgemeinde Fredenbeck consists of the following municipalities:

Deinste

Fredenbeck

Kutenholz

53°31′01″N 9°22′59″E﻿ / ﻿53.517°N 9.383°E﻿ / 53.517; 9.383
Shoushan (Kaohsiung)
Shoushan (Chinese: 壽山, also commonly known in English as Monkey Mountain or Apes' Hill, in Japanese as Kotobuki-yama) is a mountain in Gushan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, north of the main entrance to Kaohsiung Harbor. It was named Ape Hill by the Dutch in the 17th century to describe many Formosan rock macaques on this mountain. It is also called Chaishan (柴山) and includes the Snake Hill (蛇山 - a 17th-century term) in its northern part, and Long Life Hill (壽山) – named by Japanese in 1911-1915 for the crown-prince Hirohito – in the southern part. In some old maps, the peak of the hill is called Saracen's Head. Now it is a nature park where biological diversity can be seen.

National Sun Yat-sen University
National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU; Chinese: 國立中山大學; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-li̍p-tiong-san-tāi-ha̍k) is a public research university located in Sizihwan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Recognized as one of six Designated National Research Universities, NSYSU is also the only university in Taiwan to host National Key Institutions in both semiconductor technology and international finance. It is a core member of the TCUS, a research alliance partnered with Germany’s TU9.

The university holds AACSB and CFA Institute accreditation for business and finance. NSYSU maintains a particularly close academic relationship with the University of California, San Diego, and the University of Osaka, as part of a network of three research-intensive universities in major port cities.
Gabriela Hrázská
Gabriela Žilková Hrázská (born 21 July 1979) is a Czech former competitive ice dancer. With Jiří Procházka, she is the 1999 Czech national champion and placed sixth at the 1998 World Junior Championships. She is currently a coach and choreographer. She has worked with the following skaters:

Anna Dušková / Martin Bidař

Anna Dušková

Petr Kotlařík

Jan Kurnik

Gabriela Kubová / Dmitri Kiselev

Nikola Višňová / Lukáš Csolley

Klára Kadlecová / Petr Bidař

Kamila Hájková / David Vincour

Anaïs Morand / Antoine Dorsaz

Eliška Březinová

Kristína Kostková

Ivana Buzková

Lukáš Csölley
Lukáš Csölley (born 18 June 1990) is a Slovak former competitive ice dancer. With Lucie Myslivečková, he competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. With Federica Testa, he won four ISU Challenger Series medals and bronze at the 2015 Winter Universiade. They finished in the top ten at the 2015 and 2016 European Championships.
Charlie (Mallrat song)
"Charlie" is a song by Australian musician Mallrat. It was released on 7 August 2019 as the lead single from Mallrat's third EP Driving Music. The song debuted at number 50 on the ARIA Charts in February 2020 after placing at number 3 in Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2019.

The song is named after Mallrat's beloved family dog, Charlie. Mallrat told Triple J "'Charlie' is about a lot of different things, but mostly just loving people so much, regardless of whether it's reciprocated or not."

In November 2019, Mallrat revealed that she had been asked to record a version of "Charlie" in the Simlish language for the upcoming addition in The Sims series.

Driving Music (EP)
Driving Music is the third EP by Australian singer songwriter Mallrat. It was released on 6 September 2019 and peaked at number 10 on the ARIA Charts.

Upon release, Mallrat said "I feel like so many of life's most special moments happen in the car. Not the whole EP but, a lot of it is like a journal of the most special times. I'm just really excited to share it with everyone, cause I've been hoarding it on my laptop for so long, listening to the songs everyday. I think they're really amazing songs."
Statute of Marlborough
The Statute of Marlborough (52 Hen. 3.) is a set of laws passed by the Parliament of England during the reign of Henry III in 1267. The laws comprised 29 chapters, of which four are still in force. Those four chapters constitute the oldest piece of statute law in the United Kingdom still in force as of 2026.

Tourn
The tourn (tour, turn) was the bi-annual inspection of the hundreds of his shire made by the sheriff in medieval England. During it he would preside over the especially full meetings of the hundred court (more normally three-weekly) which met during the tourn at Easter and Michaelmas.
Cottica
Cottica Lawa, often shortened to Cottica and also called Cotticadorp is a village in the district of Sipaliwini, Suriname. It is located in the east, along the Marowijne River and the border with French Guiana. The village has a school, and a clinic.

France–Suriname border
The France–Suriname or French Guiana–Suriname border is a roughly 520-kilometer line that internationally separates French Guiana (an overseas department of France) and Suriname. In 1915, the border was decided upon, following the Maroni River for its northern portion, but the southernmost section of the border remains disputed despite numerous attempts to officially and formally demarcate it. Particularly, the debate is over which Lawa River sub-tributary should be considered the international border between the two nations. In addition to the land border, France, through its overseas department, and Suriname, share an approximately 200-nautical mile  maritime border that was fully demarcated in 2017.
Hôtel de Ville–Louis Pradel station
Hôtel de Ville–Louis Pradel [o.tɛl də vil lwi pʁa.dɛl] is a transfer station in the Lyon Metro, providing a connection between lines A and C.  The station is located in the Presqu'île of Lyon, France.  Serving Lyon's 1st arrondissement, the station is near Lyon City Hall with access to Place des Terreaux, Opéra Nouvel, Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, and other nearby attractions.  The station is a major interchange and is Line C's southern terminus providing its only connection with the rest of the metro system.

Lyon Metro
The Lyon Metro (French: Métro de Lyon, [metʁo d(ə) ljɔ̃]) is a rapid transit system serving Lyon Metropolis, France. First opened in 1974, it currently consists of four lines, serving 42 stations and comprising 34.4 kilometres (21.4 mi) of route. Part of the Transports en Commun Lyonnais (TCL) system of public transport, it is supported by two funiculars and a tramway network.

Unlike other French metro systems, but like RER and other SNCF services, Lyon Metro trains run on the left. This is the result of an unrealised project to run the metro into the suburbs on existing railway lines. The loading gauge for all lines is 2.90 m (9 ft 6.2 in), more generous than the average for metros in Europe. The Lyon Metro has rubber-wheel cars.

In 2025, the daily average ridership on the metro was 810,000.
Nils Ramm
Nils Arvid Ramm (1 January 1903 – 8 November 1986) was a Swedish heavyweight boxer who won a silver medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Previously he won the 1927 European title and finished second in 1925. After the Olympics Ramm turned professional and had a record of 17 wins, 4 losses and one draw before retiring in 1931.

Ramm represented Djurgårdens IF.

Djurgårdens IF Boxningsförening
Djurgårdens IF Boxningsförening is the section for boxing within the Swedish sports club Djurgårdens IF in Stockholm. Djurgårdens IF is one of Sweden's oldest boxing clubs. The section was formally founded in 1917, but members in the main club had been boxing many years before this. The club has won many Swedish championships in different weight classes.
Sir Herbert Thompson Professor of Egyptology
The Sir Herbert Thompson Professor of Egyptology represents the chair of Egyptology at the University of Cambridge, England.

Stephen Glanville, 1946–1956

Jack Plumley, 1957–1977

John Ray, 2005–2013

Hratch Papazian, 2013–Present

Jack Plumley
Jack Martin Plumley, FSA (2 September 1910 – 2 July 1999) was a British Anglican priest, Egyptologist and academic. Having served as a priest in the Church of England, he was Sir Herbert Thompson Professor of Egyptology at the University of Cambridge from 1957 to 1977.
Malżyce
Malżyce [malˈʐɨt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnocin, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Czarnocin, 11 km (7 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka, and 58 km (36 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. As of 2011, the village had 93 males and 73 females, for a total population of 169 people.

Gmina Czarnocin, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Gmina Czarnocin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Czarnocin, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 69.53 square kilometres (26.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,176.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kozubów Landscape Park.
Falkland Palace
Falkland Palace, in Falkland, Fife, Scotland, is a royal palace of the Scottish kings.  It was one of the favourite places of Mary, Queen of Scots, who took refuge there from political and religious turmoil of her times.

Today it is under the stewardship of Ninian Stuart, who delegates most of his duties to the National Trust for Scotland. The Chapel Royal in the Palace is dedicated to Thomas the Apostle. It is open to the public and reserved for Catholic worship.

Charles Cauchon de Maupas
Charles Cauchon de Maupas et du Thour or du Tour (1566–1629) was a French ambassador to the Scottish and English court of James VI and I.

He was the son of Jean-Baptiste Cauchon de Maupas and Marie de Morillon.
News Media Corporation
News Media Corporation (NMC) was an American family-owned newspaper corporation that published 25 different newspaper titles in five states across the United States. Until August 2025, it operated in smaller cities and towns with populations between 5,000 and 50,000 in the states of Arizona, Illinois, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. On August 7, 2025, the company announced the sudden closure of all of it operations; although several papers were sold days before the announcement, the remaining papers closed, leaving many towns that it had served with no local news source.

Paso Robles Press
The Paso Robles Press is a weekly printed newspaper and daily online publication based in Paso Robles, California, United States that serves the residents of northern San Luis Obispo County. It is operated by 13 Stars Media, with a readership primarily in Paso Robles and surrounding communities, including Templeton, San Miguel and Shandon.
Virginia Center Commons
Virginia Center Commons (VCC) was an enclosed shopping mall located in Glen Allen, Virginia, near the state capital of Richmond. Built in 1991, Simon Property Group owned the mall until 2014 when it was split off to Washington Prime Group. In January 2017, the mall was sold again to Kohan Retail Investment Group.

Kohan Retail Investment Group
Kohan Retail Investment Group is a private real estate investment trust based in Great Neck, New York. The company's holdings primarily consist of shopping malls, particularly struggling properties in small-to-midsize markets. As of September 2025, the company owns 28 properties in 19 U.S. states.

Kohan has been referred to as "the last owner a mall sees", investing little in the malls it purchases and allowing mall facilities to deteriorate while selling off outparcels. The company has also attracted attention for delinquent tax and utility payments at many of its properties.
Archery at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's individual compound
The women's individual compound archery competition at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon was held from 23 to 27 September at Gyeyang Asiad Archery Field. Trisha Deb of India set a new Asian games record of 146 in the round of 16 match-ups.

A total of 38 archers participated in the qualification round. Only the top two archers from each country progressed to the knockout stage.

Trisha Deb
Trisha Deb is an Indian archer.

She won the Bronze Medal at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon in the women's individual compound archery event and in the women's team compound along with Purvasha Shende and Jyothi Surekha Vennam.

In 2017, she wins the silver medal in the women's team compound at the World Archery Championships.
Thayamma
Thayamma (/ˈθɑːjəmmɑː/) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language buddy comedy film directed by Gopi Bhimsingh, starring Pandiyan, Anand Babu and Babu with Geetha and Shankar. The film also starred Goundamani as well as Senthil. It is a remake of the Malayalam film Thoovalsparsham which was inspired by the 1987 American film Three Men and a Baby, which itself was based on the 1985 French film Three Men and a Cradle. The film was released on 27 December 1991.

Babu (actor)
Babu (c. 1963 – 19 September 2023) was an Indian actor who appeared in Tamil films. After making his debut in Bharathiraja's En Uyir Thozhan (1990), Babu appeared in a few more Tamil films before being paralysed following a failed stunt sequence.
Liber astrologiae (Liber Albumazarus)
Liber astrologiae, or Liber Albumazarus (as titled in the two incipits of British Library, Sloane MS 3983), also known as Abū Maʿshar Treatise, is a richly illustrated Latin compilation of astrological writings by Georgius Zothorus Zaparus Fendulus. Its ultimate source is Abū Maʿshar's Great Introduction to Astrology (9th century), transmitted through Hermann of Carinthia's Latin translation, Introductorium in astronomiam (1140), from which the text is largely derived. The British Library manuscript was copied and illuminated in the 14th century, possibly in Flanders (perhaps Bruges), northern France or Burgundian Netherlands, and it is the second-oldest surviving witness to the work attributed to Fendulus, after Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Latin 7330. It also served as the model for another illuminated copy of the text, now in the Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.785.

Herman of Carinthia
Herman of Carinthia (1105/1110 – after 1154), also called Hermannus Dalmata, Hermannus Secundus, or Sclavus Dalmata, by his own words born in the "heart of Istria", was a philosopher, astronomer, astrologer, mathematician and translator of Arabic works into Latin.

Alongside Adelard of Bath, John of Seville, Gerard of Cremona and Plato of Tivoli, Herman is the most important translator of Arabic astronomical works in 12th century. The influence of his translations on the development of medieval European astronomy was especially large.