hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visoko during the Middle Ages
The area of today's Visoko is considered to be a nucleus from where Bosnian statehood was developed in 10th century. The expanded valley of the river Bosna around today's Visoko was the biggest agriculture area in central Bosnia, so fertile ground around Visoko was ideal for development of early political center of Bosnian nobility.

The settlement that was in Visoko field has been associated with the name Bosna (Bosnia) for a long time, only since the 1350s has the name Visoki became widely used. Visoko and its valley with Mile, Moštre and Podvisoki was an early center of the Bosnian medieval state, and the site where some members of the Kotromanić dynasty were buried and the first Bosnian King Tvrtko I was crowned. The old town of Visoki, located on Visočica hill, was a politically important fortress, and its inner bailey, Podvisoki, was an early example of a Bosnian medieval urban area.

Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church (Serbo-Croatian: Crkva bosanska, Црква босанска) was an autonomous Christian church in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Historians traditionally connected the church with the Bogomils, although this connection has been challenged, and is now rejected by the majority of scholars. Adherents of the church called themselves simply Krstjani ("Christians") or Dobri Bošnjani ("Good Bosnians"). The church's organization and beliefs are poorly understood, because few if any records were left by church members; the church is mostly known from the writings of outside — primarily Catholic — sources.

The monumental tombstones called stećak that appeared in medieval Bosnia, as well as Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro, are sometimes identified with the Bosnian Church.
Camera di commercio, industria, artigianato e agricoltura
The Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Agriculture and Artisanship (Italian: Camera di Commercio, Industria, Agricoltura e Artigianato, CCIAA) is a group of Italian organizations that promote business activities. Companies are required to register in the chamber of the province in which they belong and to fill their annual financial accounts to Registro delle Imprese, a division of the chamber.

The chamber is also involved in direct investments in companies, such as Bologna Chamber of Commerce is the major shareholder of Aeroporto Guglielmo Marconi di Bologna, the operator of Bologna Airport, as well as Tecno Holding, a consortium that owned a minority stake in Società Azionaria Gestione Aeroporto Torino and Autostrade Lombarde.

Autostrade Lombarde
Autostrade Lombarde is an Italian holding company that owned a majority stake (78.9752%) in Società di Progetto Brebemi S.p.A., the operator of Autostrada A35 (Brescia–Bergamo–Milan, although the toll road did not go through Bergamo city but the province). The company also owned 27.958% stake in Autostrade Bergamasche (ex-Interconnessione Pedemontana-Brebemi), a company that own the concession to connect Autostrada A35 and Autostrada A36.

Intesa Sanpaolo purchased 39.3% equity stake of Autostrade Lombarde from Autostrade per l'Italia, a subsidiary of Atlantia in 2007.
Rushden Parkway railway station
Rushden Parkway railway station is a proposed new railway station to serve the village of Irchester in Northamptonshire, England. It would also serve the nearby towns of Higham Ferrers and Rushden.

The village has not had an active railway station since 1959. The former station building at Rushden has been preserved and now houses Rushden Station Railway Museum.

Rushden Parkway would be built on the Midland Main Line (which runs about a mile to the west of Rushden) on the site of the former Irchester railway station. In June 2009, the Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC) commissioned a new report advocating a park and ride station, at the Irchester station site, for Rushden.

Irchester railway station
Irchester railway station was built by the Midland Railway in 1857 on its extension from Leicester to Bedford and Hitchin in England.

The station building was built on an overbridge. It closed for passenger traffic in 1960, and for goods in 1965.

The Irchester Bank is one of the steepest of five summit levels between Leicester and Bedford. The surrounding country provided important traffic to the line in the form of ironstone for the smelters in Derbyshire.

In the early twenty first century local campaigners argued for the station to be reopened to serve as a 'park and ride' station for the nearby town of Rushden.
Beate Uhse Erotic Museum
The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum (German: Beate Uhse Erotik-Museum) (1996 – 2014) was a sex museum in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin, Germany.

The museum was opened in 1996 near Berlin Zoologischer Garten station by Beate Uhse, the early stunt pilot and entrepreneur, who in 1962 started the world's first sex shop. The collection featured historic Asian and European erotic art including several lithographs by Heinrich Zille as well as early pornographic films. It claimed to be "the world's largest erotic museum.”

The museum was closed in September 2014. Initially the museum was looking for new premises, but due to the market development in Berlin the museum never reopened. For the exhibits, a loss in value of €1.2 million was recorded in the 2015 annual report.

Charlottenburg
Charlottenburg (German: [ʃaʁˈlɔtn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Prussia, it is best known for Charlottenburg Palace – the largest surviving such royal palace in Berlin – and the adjacent museums.

Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into "Groß-Berlin" (Greater Berlin) and transformed into a borough. In the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming a part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Later, in 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities of Charlottenburg proper, Westend and Charlottenburg-Nord.
Prison Museum of Sweden
The Prison Museum of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges Fängelsemuseum), located in Gävle, documents the history of Swedish incarceration and punishment from the 16th century to the late 20th century. Housed in two historic buildings—the Castle Jail (Slottshäktet) and the County Prison (Länsfängelset, colloquially "Hotell Hamilton")—the museum highlights evolving penal philosophies, including the shift from public corporal punishments to more modern correctional approaches.

Gävle
Gävle (/ˈjɛvleɪ, -lə/ YEV-lay or YEV-lə; Swedish: [ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ] ⓘ) is a city in Sweden, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County. It had 79,004 inhabitants in 2020, which makes it the 13th-most-populated city in Sweden. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland (Sweden's northern lands), having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria. However, Gävle is far nearer to the greater Stockholm region than it is to most other major settlements in Norrland and has a much milder climate than associated with said region.

In recent years, the city has received much international attention due to its large Yule Goat figure made of straw – the Gävle Goat. The goat is erected in December each year and is often subsequently vandalized, usually by being set on fire. The goat has now become a symbol for the city and is being used for various marketing purposes.
The Last Express (film)
The Last Express is a 1938 American mystery film directed by Otis Garrett and written by Edmund Hartmann. It is based on the 1937 novel The Last Express by Baynard Kendrick. The film stars Kent Taylor, Dorothea Kent, Don Brodie, Paul Hurst, Addison Richards, Greta Granstedt, Robert Emmett Keane and J. Farrell MacDonald. The film was released on October 28, 1938, by Universal Pictures.

J. Farrell MacDonald
John Farrell MacDonald (April 14, 1875 – August 2, 1952) was an American character actor and director. He played supporting roles and occasional leads. He appeared in over 325 films over a four-decade career from 1911 to 1951, and directed forty-four silent films from 1912 to 1917.

MacDonald was the principal director of L. Frank Baum's Oz Film Manufacturing Company, and he can frequently be seen in the films of Frank Capra, Preston Sturges and, especially, John Ford.
Konga (film)
Konga is a 1961 Eastmancolor monster film directed by John Lemont and starring Michael Gough, Margo Johns and Austin Trevor. It was written by Herman Cohen and Aben Kandel.

It was the basis for a comic book series published by Charlton Comics and initially drawn by Steve Ditko (prior to Ditko's co-creation of Spider-Man) in the 1960s.

Aben Kandel
Aben Kandel (August 15, 1897 – January 28, 1993) was an American screenwriter, novelist, and boxer. He was screenwriter on such classic B movies as I Was A Teenage Werewolf, Joan Crawford's final movie Trog, and one of Leonard Nimoy's first starring vehicles, Kid Monk Baroni.  He is the father of poet Lenore Kandel and screenwriter Stephen Kandel.
Mru people
The Mru people, also known as the Mro, Murong, Taung Mro, Mrung, and Mrucha, refer to the tribes who live in the border regions between Myanmar (Burma), Bangladesh, and India. The Mru are a sub-group of the Chin people, a few of whom live in western Myanmar and  are also found in the northern Rakhine State. In Bangladesh, they reside in the Chittagong Hills in southeast Bangladesh, primarily in Bandarban District and Rangamati Hill District. In India, they reside in West Bengal.

The Mru people are divided into five distinct linguistic and cultural sub-groups: the Anok, Tshüngma, Dömrong, Dopteng, and Rümma. 
Mru are one of seven recognized ethnic group of Rakhine State.

Rakhine State
Rakhine State (/rəˈkaɪn/ ⓘ rə-KYN; Burmese: ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်, MLCTS: ra.hkuing pranynai, pronounced [jəkʰàiɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀]; Rakhine pronunciation: [ɹəkʰàiɰ̃ pɹènè]), formerly known as Arakan State, is a state in Myanmar (Burma). Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. The north–south Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separate Rakhine State from central Myanmar. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Ramree, Cheduba and Myingun. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is Sittwe (formerly known as Akyab).

As of November 2025, the Arakan Army which is the armed wing of the ethnic Rakhine, maintains de facto control over approximately 90 percent of the state, including 14 of its 17 townships.
Karen Yuzbashyan
Karen Yuzbashyan (Armenian: Կարեն Նիկիտի Յուզբաշյան, Armenian pronunciation: [kaɾen juzbaʃˈjan]; Russian: Карен Никитич Юзбашян; January 6, 1927 – March 5, 2009) was an Armenian historian and specialist in medieval Byzantine and medieval Armenian studies. Yuzbashyan was the author of over 200 books and articles (published in Armenian, Russian, and other languages) on the political, legal, cultural aspects and relations of Byzantium and Armenia, as well as a researcher on the development of Armenian studies.

Armenian studies
Armenian studies or Armenology (Armenian: հայագիտություն, pronounced [hɑjɑɡituˈtʰjun]) is a field of humanities covering Armenian history, language and culture. The emergence of modern Armenian studies is associated with the foundation of the Catholic Mechitarist order in the early 18th century. Until the early 20th century, Armenian studies were largely conducted by individual scholars in the Armenian communities of the Russian Empire (Moscow, Saint Petersburg, New Nakhichevan, Tiflis), Europe (Venice, Vienna, Paris, London, Berlin, Leipzig), Constantinople and Vagharshapat in Armenia. After the establishment of Soviet rule, Armenian studies, and sciences in general, were institutionalized in Armenia and put under direct control of the Academy of Sciences. Today, numerous  research centers in many parts of the world specialize in Armenian studies.
Newtown Castle
Newtown Castle is a 16th-century tower house, located close to the village of Ballyvaughan within the Burren area of County Clare, Ireland. Uniquely for a tower house of its type in Ireland, it is cylindrical in shape above a square pyramidal base. It is today part of the Burren College of Art.

Ballyvaughan
Ballyvaughan or Ballyvaghan (Irish: Baile Uí Bheacháin, meaning 'Ó Beachán's townland') is a small harbour village in County Clare, Ireland. It is located on the N67 road on the south shores of Galway Bay, in the northwest corner of The Burren. This position on the coast road and the close proximity to many of the area's sights has turned the village into a local center of tourism activity. As of the 2022 census, Ballyvaughan had a population of 361. The area was officially classified as part of the West Clare Gaeltacht, an Irish-speaking community, until 1956.
Embarrass, Minnesota
Embarrass is an unincorporated community in Embarrass Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located on the Mesabi Iron Range. With an average annual temperature of 36.4 °F (2.4 °C), Embarrass is notable as the coldest place in Minnesota.

Tower, Minnesota
Tower is a city located in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 430. State Highways 1 (MN 1), 169 (MN 169), and 135 (MN 135) are three of the main routes in Tower. Tower is located on the southern shore of Lake Vermilion.
Rheingrafenstein Castle
Rheingrafenstein Castle is a castle on a 136-metre-high (446 ft) porphyry rock formation, the Rheingrafenstein, known as Huhinstein a thousand years, on the river Nahe, opposite Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg in the district Bad Kreuznach.

Nahe (Rhine)
The Nahe (German pronunciation: [ˈnaːə] ⓘ) is a river in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Germany, a left tributary to the Rhine. It has also given name to the wine region Nahe situated around it.

The name Nahe is derived from the Latin word Nava, which is supposed to be based upon the Celtic origin for the wild river. The Nahe separates the northern part of the Palatinate from the Hunsrück.

It rises in the area of Nohfelden (Saarland) at the district of Selbach, flowing through Rhineland-Palatinate and joining the Rhine in Bingen. Its length is 125 kilometres (78 mi). Towns along the Nahe include Idar-Oberstein, Kirn, Bad Kreuznach and Bingen.
Grotto Sauna
The Grotto Sauna is a private sauna in Georgian Bay, Canada. The building is 75 m2 (810 sq ft) and consists of a singular room with two benches and two stoves, a large window looking onto the bay and a skylight. A waterside grotto is a subterranean chamber that is chapped and smoothed by receding water currents. The sauna is based directly on these waterside grottos. The sauna was designed by Toronto-based architects, Partisans.

Partisans (architectural firm)
PARTISANS is a Toronto-based architecture firm. The firm was founded in 2012 by partners Alex Josephson and Pooya Baktash. As of 2023 the studio is run by Alex Josephson 'OAA in collaboration with senior leaders of the studio. The name PARTISANS represent the firm's interest in collective action and architecture as a political force for social and cultural good.
In the Shadow of the Stars
In the Shadow of the Stars is a 1991 American documentary film about the San Francisco Opera by the husband-and-wife team of Irving Saraf and Allie Light as it depicts the lives of the various members of the chorus, rather than the big name stars.

Irving Saraf
Irving Saraf (1932 – December 26, 2012) was a Polish-born American film producer, film editor, film director and academic. Saraf won an Oscar for producing the 1991 documentary film, In the Shadow of the Stars. In total, Saraf had more than one hundred fifty film and television production credits. His resume included Poland, Communism's New Look, a 1965 television film; USA Poetry: Twelve Films About Modern Poets in 1966; and the 2009 documentary Empress Hotel following the residents of a low-income hotel in Tenderloin, San Francisco.
Eriococcus orariensis
Eriococcus orariensis, commonly known as the mānuka blight, is a felt scale insect in the genus Eriococcus. It is native to Australia, but was discovered in New Zealand in 1937 after being accidentally introduced to the country.

Mānuka
Mānuka (Māori pronunciation: [ˈmaːnʉka]; Leptospermum scoparium) is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, native to New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands) and south-east Australia. Bees produce mānuka honey from its nectar.

The Latin specific epithet scoparium means 'like broom', referring to Northern Hemisphere genera such as Genista and Cytisus which it superficially resembles, but to which it is only distantly related.
Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.

The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. In the beginning, hammered coinage or cast coinage were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, coin dies are manufactured in large numbers and planchets are made into milled coins by the billions.

With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the United States Mint much less than 25 cents to make a quarter (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called seigniorage) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a U.S. penny ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.

History of coins
The history of coins stretches back to the first millennium BC/BCE. Notable early examples of coins include the Lydian lion coins, Persian daric and siglos, Tong Bei, the dirham and gold dinar.

Coins are a major archaeological source of history. Coins convey information about language, administration, religion, economic conditions, and the ruler who minted those coins.

Coins were first made by the method of hammered coinage, in which a piece of metal is placed between tow dies and the upper die is hit with a hammer. The Chinese produced primarily cast coinage, and this spread to South-East Asia and Japan. Although few non-Chinese cast coins were produced by governments, it was a common practice amongst counterfeiters.
Leonard Shuffrey
Leonard Shuffrey (31 March 1852 – 27 December 1926) was a British architect and architectural designer of the late Victorian and Edwardian period. He was a leading figure of the aesthetic movement that had a significant impact on the development of buildings and their interiors and their settings, both across London and the South of England. Noted for his wallpaper, fireplaces and ornate plasterwork, Shuffrey was thought the equal of William Morris in his creativity and skill as a craftsman. His output is often found in decorative schemes with William Morris, Edward Ould, William De Morgan, and other preeminent Arts & Crafts and late Pre-Raphaelite decorative artists of the day.

Trinity College, Oxford
Trinity College (full name: The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope (Knight)) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas Pope, on land previously occupied by Durham College, home to Benedictine monks from Durham Cathedral.

Despite its large physical size, the college is relatively small in terms of student numbers at approximately 400. It was founded as a men's college and has been coeducational since 1979. As of 2023, the total funds of Trinity amounted to more than £224 million, including a financial endowment of £191 million.

Trinity has produced three British prime ministers, placing it third after Christ Church and Balliol in terms of former students who have held that office.
Haymarket Memorial Clock Tower
The Haymarket Memorial Clock Tower is a major landmark and popular meeting point in Leicester, England. It is located roughly in the middle of the area inside the ring-road, and is at the point where five major streets meet; Gallowtree Gate, Humberstone Gate (A47), Haymarket (A607), Church Gate (A6) and Eastgates (A47).

Thomas White (merchant)
Sir Thomas White (7 June 1492 – 12 February 1567) was an English cloth merchant, founder of the Muscovy Company, Lord Mayor of London in 1553, and a civic benefactor and founder of St John's College, Oxford and Merchant Taylors' School.
Blue Highway (song)
"Blue Highway" is a song written by David Womack and Don Henry, and recorded by American country music artist John Conlee.  It was released in July 1985 as the third single and title track from the album Blue Highway.  The song reached #15 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Blue Highway (album)
Blue Highway is the seventh studio album by American country music artist John Conlee. It was released in 1984 via MCA Records. The album inlucdes the singles "Years After You", "Working Man" and "Blue Highway".
Wyoming Democratic Party
The Wyoming Democratic Party is the affiliate of the state’s Democratic Party, headquartered in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The party was strong during Wyoming's territorial days, but suffered a decline in its early statehood. It rose to prominence again from the 1930s to the 1950s before experiencing another decline.

The party is led by Chris Rothfuss in the state senate and Mike Yin in the state house. The party currently has very weak electoral power in the state, and is one of the weakest affiliates of the national Democratic Party. It currently controls none of Wyoming's statewide and/or federal elected offices and very few seats in the Wyoming Legislature.

John Eugene Osborne
John Eugene Osborne (June 19, 1858 – April 24, 1943) was an American physician, farmer, banker, and politician who served as the 3rd governor of Wyoming and United States representative as a member of the Democratic Party.
Tarlton International Raceway
Tarlton International Raceway is South Africa's premier drag racing strip just outside Krugersdorp in South Africa on the R24 Route. And the Home of the Westinghouse Jet Cars. Officially opened in 1977, by Mick Van Rensburg. Since Opening Tarlton has hosted South African Drag Racing nationals and a variety of other Drag Racing Events.

Tarlton International Raceway sits approximately 5,500 feet (1,676 meters) above sea level.

R24 (South Africa)
The R24 is a major East-West provincial route in the Gauteng and North West provinces that links OR Tambo International Airport with Rustenburg via Johannesburg, Krugersdorp and Magaliesburg. The section of the route from OR Tambo International westwards up to a point in Roodepoort has been named Albertina Sisulu Road since 2013, named after anti-apartheid stalwart Albertina Sisulu.

Ahead of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Johannesburg City Parks did works on the Albertina Sisulu Freeway section before handing responsibility for the freeway back to the Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport.