hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Podlaszcze
Podlaszcze [pɔdˈlaʂt͡ʂɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jędrzejów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Jędrzejów and 31 km (19 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Jędrzejów
Gmina Jędrzejów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Jędrzejów, which lies approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 227.52 square kilometres (87.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 29,178 (out of which the population of Jędrzejów amounts to 16,577, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 12,601).
City of Gold (Molly Tuttle album)
City of Gold is the fourth studio album by American bluegrass singer and musician Molly Tuttle. Released on July 21, 2023, it is Tuttle's second album for Nonesuch Records and features her band Golden Highway, who also receive star billing. A follow-up to their 2022 project Crooked Tree, the album was co-produced by Tuttle and dobro player Jerry Douglas and includes a collaboration with Dave Matthews. Songwriting collaborators include Melody Walker, Golden Highway member Shelby Means and Old Crow Medicine Show's Ketch Secor and Mason Via. The project was inspired by Tuttle's year of touring with Golden Highway and their having grown closer and more cohesive as a band. It was preceded by the singles "El Dorado", "Next Rodeo" and "San Joaquin". City of Gold was the final album to feature Golden Highway, as Tuttle announced the dissolution of the band in May 2025.

It won the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards.

Mason Via
Mason Via (/vaɪ/) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He is a former member of Old Crow Medicine Show. Via released his debut self-released solo album Up, Up, Up in 2015; his first album on Mountain Fever Records, New Horizons, in 2022; and a self-titled album in 2025.
Milissa Rehberger
Milissa Rehberger is an American television journalist. She joined the 24-hour cable news television channel MSNBC in December 2003 as a freelance anchor and reporter.  In July 2004 she was named anchor of its primetime news updates.  Most recently Rehberger spent some time anchoring NBC's Early Today and MSNBC's First Look. Currently, Rehberger hosts prime time news breaks during MSNBC weeknight and weekend programming.  In addition, she fills-in as anchor on MSNBC Live.

Early Today
Early Today is an American early morning television news program that is broadcast on NBC on weekday mornings. The program is hosted by Frances Rivera, and features general national and international news stories, financial and entertainment news, off-beat stories, national weather forecasts, and sports highlights.
Trolleybuses in Sofia
The Sofia trolleybus system (Bulgarian: Тролейбусен транспорт София) forms part of the public transport network  of Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria. Trolleybuses first began serving Sofia on 8 February 1941, on a route to the suburb of Gorna Banya, but that initial system closed on 9 September 1944. The current system opened only four years later, on 1 May 1948.

The system presently comprises ten routes with 257 km (160 mi) network build, of which 193 km (120 mi) are currently in use.

As of 2020, the average speed of the trolleybus system in Sofia is 15.7 km/h.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
Charlestown, South Africa
Charlestown is a small town situated at the top of Laing's Nek pass in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between Newcastle and Volksrust. It started out as an important railway station and customs post between Natal and Transvaal in 1891 until the Union of South Africa came into being in 1910, and customs tariffs were abolished. It is named after Sir Charles Mitchell, governor of Natal.  In 1927 the town was the site of one of South Africa's first mass-shooting instances when local farmer Stephanus Swart shot and killed 8 people.

It became a dormitory suburb of Volksrust, just across the border in the Transvaal, and many black people bought freehold land in the town. During the 1960s, however, the apartheid policy of the government led to most of the black inhabitants being forcibly removed to Madadeni, near Newcastle, and Charlestown became a ghost town.

Stephanus Swart
Stephanus Andries Johannes Swart (21 July 1888 – 6 May 1927) was a South African farmer and spree killer who killed at least eight people and wounded three others in Charlestown, South Africa on 6 May 1927, before killing himself.
Camilo Ponce Enríquez (parish)
Camilo Ponce Enríquez is a parish and town in the Azuay province in southern Ecuador. It is the seat of the Camilo Ponce Enríquez canton and is located roughly 230 miles southwest of Quito, the capital city of Ecuador.

It is named for Camilo Ponce Enríquez (1912–1976), who served as president of Ecuador from 1956 to 1960.

The parish covers an area of 214.6 square kilometres.

Camilo Ponce Enríquez (politician)
Camilo Ponce Enríquez (31 January 1912 in Quito – 13 September 1976) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the 30th President of Ecuador between 1956 and 1960.  He was married to Dolores Marta Gracia de Gangotena y Jijón.

Ponce initially ran in the presidential election of 1948, but only came in third place. In 1951 Ponce, along with Sixto Durán Ballén, founded the Movimiento Social Cristiano (MSC), which later became the Partido Social Cristiano (PSC). In 1956 he won the presidential election and named Durán Ballén minister of public works. He ran a final time in the election of 1968, once again coming in third place.
Rumsfeld Doctrine
The "Rumsfeld Doctrine", named after former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, is a phrase coined by journalists concerned with the perceived transformation of the U.S. military. It would be considered Rumsfeld's own take on RMA (revolution in military affairs). It seeks to increase force readiness and decrease the amount of supply required to maintain forces, by reducing the number in a theater. This is done mainly by using LAVs (Light Armored Vehicles) to scout for enemies who are then destroyed via airstrikes. The basic tenets of this military strategy are:

High-technology combat systems;

Reliance on air forces;

Small, nimble ground forces.

The early phases of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq are considered the two closest implementations of this doctrine.

Shock and awe
Shock and awe (technically known as rapid dominance)  is a military strategy based on the use of overwhelming power and spectacular displays of force to paralyze the enemy's perception of the battlefield and destroy their will to fight. Though the concept has a variety of historical precedents, the doctrine was explained by Harlan K. Ullman and James P. Wade in 1996 and was developed specifically for application by the US military by the National Defense University of the United States.
Dark Flag
Dark Flag is the fourth studio album by American metalcore band Phinehas. The album was released on November 17, 2017, through Solid State Records, the band's first release through the label. It was produced by Matt Goldman and Daniel Gailey, the band's guitarist.

Phinehas (band)
Phinehas is an American metalcore band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 2001. The group consists of vocalist Sean McCulloch, guitarist Daniel Gailey, bassist Bryce Kelley and drummer Isaiah Perez. They are currently signed to Solid State Records and have released five studio albums. Their most recent studio album, The Fire Itself, was released on August 27, 2021.
Greenlane
Greenlane is a central isthmus suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. It is bounded by Epsom to the west, Newmarket to the north, Remuera to the east and One Tree Hill to the south.

The Greenlane shops are situated at the intersection of Great South Road and Green Lane West. On the northern side of Green Lane West are located the Alexandra Park Raceway, the Auckland Showgrounds and the Campbell Park Tennis Club; on the southern side is Greenlane Clinical Centre, Cornwall Park, Cornwall Cricket Club, and Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and its park.

Within Auckland, the suburb is best-known for Cornwall Park, the Greenlane Clinical Centre, which is a large hospital complex, the Auckland Showgrounds, car yards and the Alexandra Park racecourse.

The suburb itself is one word (Greenlane), whereas the thoroughfare is two (Green Lane).

Great South Road, New Zealand
The Great South Road is a major arterial road on the Auckland isthmus and South Auckland. Originally the northern section of the earliest highway between Auckland and Wellington, in the North Island of New Zealand, the road was the main route connecting Auckland to Hamilton. Many former sections of the road have been integrated into the Waikato Expressway. Currently four sections of the road remain: Epsom to Bombay in Auckland, the main street in Pōkeno, the former route of State Highway 1 that links the towns of Huntly, Taupiri, Ngāruawāhia and Horotiu, and the main road in Ōhaupō.
Northampton Herald & Post
The Northants Herald & Post was a local weekly newspaper distributed free of charge in  Northampton, England, and the surrounding towns and villages. The distribution also included the town of Towcester following the closure of local paid-for newspapers. It was closed by owners Trinity Mirror in December 2016.

Towcester
Towcester (/ˈtoʊstər/ TOH-stər) is a market town and civil parish in the West Northamptonshire unitary authority area of Northamptonshire, England. From 1974 to 2021, it was the administrative centre of the South Northamptonshire district.

Towcester is one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the country. It was the Roman town of Lactodurum, located on Watling Street, today's A5. In Saxon times, this was the frontier between the kingdom of Wessex and the Danelaw. Towcester features in Charles Dickens's novel The Pickwick Papers as one of Mr Pickwick's stopping places on his tour. The local racecourse has hosted many national horseracing events.
Kimberly Friedmutter
Kimberly Friedmutter (formerly Stevens), is the author of the book Subconscious Power, a hypnotherapist and life-management expert, and the American actress and model best known for Evil Obsession, Time Under Fire, and the reality series Sin City Rules.

Brad Friedmutter
Brad Henry Friedmutter, A.I.A. is an architect and founder of Friedmutter Group, a design, architecture, master planning and interior design firm. Friedmutter Group has designed dozens of integrated resorts including The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas, the fifth-most expensive building in the world. Friedmutter is a registered architect in 43 states. Friedmutter Group has offices in Las Vegas, Nevada, Newport Beach, California, and Macau, China.
Sigbritt Karlsson
Sigbritt Karlsson (31 January 1958 – 28 October 2023) was a Swedish chemical engineer and president of KTH Royal Institute of Technology between November 2016 and November 2022.

Karlsson earned a master of science in chemical engineering with a specialization in biotechnology from KTH.  She subsequently completed a PhD in polymer technology.

From 1996 to 2004 Karlsson worked as Director of Studies at KTH.  Between 2008 and 2010 she was Vice Dean with responsibility for strategic education issues.

Karlsson was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Skövde 2010–2016. On November 12, 2016, she became the 19th President of KTH Royal Institute of Technology.

University of Skövde
58°23′40″N 13°51′15″E﻿ / ﻿58.39453°N 13.85412°E﻿ / 58.39453; 13.85412

The University of Skövde (in Swedish: Högskolan i Skövde, HIS) is a state university in Skövde, Sweden. The University of Skövde was granted university status in 1983 and is now an academic institution with general and specialised educational programmes in topics like Business, Health, Biomedicine and Computer game design. Research, education, and PhD training at the university are divided on four schools; Bioscience, Business, Health and Education, Engineering Science, and Informatics. The university has approximately 9,000 students (4,000 FTE) in 50 undergraduate and 10 graduate programmes.
Taunus
The Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈtaʊnʊs] ⓘ) is a mountain range in Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located north west of Frankfurt and north of Wiesbaden. The tallest peak in the range is Großer Feldberg at 878 m; other notable peaks are Kleiner Feldberg (825 m) and Altkönig (798 m).

The range is bounded on three sides (west, north, and south) by the Rhine and its tributaries, namely the Lahn and the Main, and on the east by the plain of Wetterau. It spans the districts of Hochtaunuskreis, Main-Taunus-Kreis, Rheingau-Taunus, Limburg-Weilburg, and Rhein-Lahn. The range is known for its geothermal springs and mineral waters that formerly attracted members of the European aristocracy to its spa towns. The car line Ford Taunus is named after it.

Main-Taunus-Kreis
Main-Taunus is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Hessen, Germany and is part of the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region as well as the Frankfurt urban area. Neighboring districts are Hochtaunuskreis, district-free Frankfurt, Groß-Gerau, district-free Wiesbaden, Rheingau-Taunus. It is the second most densely populated rural district in Germany.
New Coeln, Wisconsin
New Coeln (also called New Cöln, New Koeln and New Köln) is a neighborhood, formerly a rural hamlet in the Town of Lake of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States, but now part of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was settled by a group of German immigrants from the area around Cologne (German Köln) in the 1840s. By 1847, there were about fifty settlers, and a new Catholic parish, St. Stephen's, was formed. In the 1898 Hand Book of Wisconsin: Its History and Geography ... and Resources, Industries, and Commerce, it is listed as having a population of 35, and is described as follows:

It has a blacksmith shop and a daily mail.

The portion of the former settlement west of Howell Avenue is now part of the grounds of General Mitchell International Airport, but the inn known variously as Deuster's Saloon, New Coeln House, and the New Coeln House Dancehall is still open (currently branded as the Landmark 1850 Inn), and is on the National Register of Historic Places.

New Coeln House
The New Coeln House, also known as Deuster's Saloon and by other names, is a two-story brick Italianate-styled village inn, built between 1840 and 1850 in New Coeln, Wisconsin, which has since been annexed into Milwaukee. New Coeln was then a hamlet of German farmers, who mostly immigrated from the Rhineland. It probably initially had a tavern and living quarters downstairs and sleeping rooms upstairs.  The first building, from the 1840s, functioned as a weigh station and inn for farmers traveling between Racine and Milwaukee counties.

The present-day street address is 5905 S. Howell Ave., Milwaukee, on the edge of General Mitchell International Airport (much of which was built on the former New Coeln townsite). It is Milwaukee's oldest tavern. still Since its purchase in 1983, it has operated under the name Landmark 1850 Inn. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Aritzo
Aritzo (Sardinian: Arìtzo) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the region of Sardinia in Italy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Nuoro. It has a population of 1,211.

Aritzo borders the following municipalities: Arzana, Belvì, Desulo, Gadoni, Laconi, Meana Sardo, and Seulo.

Province of Nuoro
The province of Nuoro (Italian: provincia di Nuoro; Sardinian: provìntzia de Nùgoro) is a province in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. Its capital is the town of Nuoro.

As of 2025, it has a population of 143,262 and an area of 3,990.47 square kilometres (1,540.73 mi2) across its 53 municipalities, the largest of which are Nuoro (33,054 inhabitants), Siniscola (11,146) and Macomer (9,069).
Walter Ophamil
Walter Ophamil or Offamil (fl. 1160–1191), italianised as Gualtiero Offamiglio or Offamilio from Latin Ophamilius, was the archdeacon of Cefalù, dean of Agrigento, and archbishop of Palermo (1168–1191), called "il primo ministro", the first minister of the crown. He came to Sicily with Peter of Blois and Stephen du Perche at the direction of Rotrou, Archbishop of Rouen, cousin of Queen Margaret of Navarre, originally as a tutor to the royal children of William I of Sicily and Margaret. His mother was Bona, a patron of the Abbey of Cluny and a devota et fidelis nostra of the king in 1172. His father is unknown. From his name he was long thought to be an Englishman ("Walter of the Mill") but this interpretation is now rejected in favour of ophamilius referring to Walter as William II's protofamiliaris, the senior confidant of the king in his royal household, the familiaris regis.

Margaret of Navarre
Margaret of Navarre (Basque: Margarita, French: Marguerite, Spanish: Margarita, Italian: Margherita) (c. 1135 – 12 August 1183) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of William I (r. 1154–1166) and the regent during the minority of her son, William II.
Hsandagolian
The Hsandagolian age is a period of geologic time (33.9 – 23.03 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene used more specifically with Asian Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Kekeamuan and precedes the Tabenbulakian age.

The Ulangochuian's lower boundary is the approximate base of the Rupelian age and upper boundary is the approximate upper base of the Aquitanian.

Asian land mammal age
The Asian land mammal ages, acronym ALMA, establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric Asian fauna beginning 58.7 Mya during the Paleogene and continuing through to the Miocene (Aquitanian) (23.03 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.

The basic unit of measure is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap.
Sifrhippus
Sifrhippus is an extinct genus of equid containing the species S. sandrae. Sifrhippus is the oldest known equid, living during the early Eocene. Its fossils were discovered in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming.

Equidae
Equidae (commonly known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including asses, zebras, and many extinct species known only from fossils. The family evolved more than 50 million years ago, in the Eocene epoch, from a small, multi-toed ungulate into larger, single-toed animals. All extant species are in the genus Equus, which originated in North America. Equidae belongs to the order Perissodactyla, which includes the extant tapirs and rhinoceros, and several extinct families. It is more specifically grouped within the superfamily Equoidea, the only other family being the extinct Palaeotheriidae.

The term equid refers to any member of this family, including any equine.
The Emperor's Fan
"The Emperor's Fan" is a fantasy short story by American writer L. Sprague de Camp, the fourth of his Novarian series. It was first published in Astounding: The John W. Campbell Memorial Anthology, edited by Harry Harrison, in 1973. It has since been reprinted in other anthologies, including The Year's Best Fantasy Stories, edited by Lin Carter (1975), as well as such collections of de Camp's work as The Best of L. Sprague de Camp (1978) and Footprints on Sand (1981). It has also been translated into German.

The Best of L. Sprague de Camp
The Best of L. Sprague de Camp is a collection of writings by American science fiction and fantasy author L. Sprague de Camp, first published in hardback by Nelson Doubleday in February 1978 and in paperback by Ballantine Books in May of the same year as a volume in its Classic Library of Science Fiction. The book was reprinted by Ballantine in May 1986. It was reissued in trade paperback and ebook editions by Phoenix Pick in December 2014. It has also been translated (with some changes in content) into German.
Jawhar
Jawhar is a city and municipal council in the Palghar district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city is a part of the Konkan division, and lies 100km north from Mumbai. Jawhar was the capital city of the erstwhile princely state of Jawhar, under the British Raj in Colonial India.

Situated in the ranges of the Western Ghats, Jawhar is one of the few remaining tribal regions of Maharashtra and is known for its vibrant Warli paintings that are a characteristic landmark of the area. Established in 1918, Jawhar is one of the oldest municipal councils in the state of Maharashtra and tourist spot near Mumbai.

Konkan division
Konkan division is one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. It comprises the central portions of the Konkani region, excluding Goa and Daman, which were absorbed into Maharashtra owing to the States Reorganisation of India. Konkan division is the western section of present-day Maharashtra, alongside the west coast of India. The two districts of the state capital of Mumbai (Bombay) also fall into this division.
Tiong Hiew King
Tan Sri Datuk Tiong Hiew King PSM PGBK (simplified Chinese: 张晓卿; traditional Chinese: 張曉卿; pinyin: Zhāng Xiǎoqīng; Jyutping: Zoeng1 Hiu2 Hing1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiuⁿ Hiáu-kheng; Hokchew Romanized: Diŏng Hiēu-kĭng; 18 March 1934 – 11 November 2025) was a Malaysian businessman who was the founder and chairman of the Rimbunan Hijau Group, a timber company founded in 1975. Its overseas timber operations in Papua New Guinea is the largest in that country. He also had interests in logging operations in Russia.

Tan Sri Datuk Tiong resided in Sibu, a town in Sarawak, of Borneo island that is part of Malaysia. As of March 2018, with a net worth of about US$1.1 billion, Tiong was ranked by Forbes as the 1,999th richest person in the world.

Rimbunan Hijau
Rimbunan Hijau is a Malaysian multinational logging corporation founded by Malaysian businessman Tiong Hiew King. The company has operations in many countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Vanuatu, New Zealand and Russia.

In Papua New Guinea, Rimbunan Hijau is the single biggest logging operator, and runs the country's biggest sawmill. It also owns one of the two major newspapers in the country, The National.

The company was established in 1975 and has an estimated annual turnover of more than US$1 billion, according to Malaysia-China Business Council.