hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hadamard's inequality
In mathematics, Hadamard's inequality (also known as Hadamard's theorem on determinants) is a result first published by Jacques Hadamard in 1893. It is a bound on the determinant of a matrix whose entries are complex numbers in terms of the lengths of its column vectors. In geometrical terms, when restricted to real numbers, it bounds the volume in Euclidean space of n dimensions marked out by n vectors vi for 1 ≤ i ≤ n in terms of the lengths of these vectors ||vi||.

Specifically, Hadamard's inequality states that if N is the matrix having columns vi,  then

If the n vectors are non-zero, equality in Hadamard's inequality is achieved if and only if the vectors are orthogonal.

Jacques Hadamard
Jacques Salomon Hadamard ForMemRS (French: [adamaʁ]; 8 December 1865 – 17 October 1963) was a French mathematician who made major contributions in number theory, complex analysis, differential geometry, and partial differential equations.
New Zealand Chess Federation
The New Zealand Chess Federation (NZCF) is a chess federation in New Zealand.

The first chess club in New Zealand was formed in September 1863 in Dunedin, while the New Zealand Chess Association came into being in the 1870s. The association, refounded in 1892, conducts the annual championship, usually held in the Christmas – New Year period. The Australian master C. J. S. Purdy stated in 1955 that New Zealand holds the record for annual tournaments for a national chess championship.

New Zealand was one of the earliest countries to make use of telegraphic interclub chess as a method of play. Christchurch beat Nelson in two consultation games in 1866. The first interclub match was played between Canterbury and Otago in 1869. The Bledisloe Cup, presented by the Governor-General in 1933, was until recently competed for annually in this way.

Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe
Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe, GCMG, KBE, KStJ, PC (21 September 1867 – 3 July 1958) was a British Conservative politician and colonial governor. He was Governor-General of New Zealand from 1930 to 1935.
Nagarahavu (2016 film)
Nagarahavu (transl. Cobra) is a 2016 Indian Kannada language epic fantasy film directed by Kodi Ramakrishna, the final film directed by him before his death in 2019, and produced by Sajid Qureshi, Inbox Pictures Pvt Ltd.

With Ramya in the lead role, a digitally recreated CGI version of deceased actor Vishnuvardhan has played the main role, with the film being marketed as his "comeback". Actors Diganth, Saikumar, Rajesh Vivek, and Sadhu Kokila play supporting roles.

The music was composed by Gurukiran with cinematography by H. C. Venugopal and editing by Jhony Harsha. The film has been dubbed and released in Tamil as Shivanagam, Telugu as Nagabharanam, and Hindi as Nagavanshi. The film released on 14 October 2016.

The film was a festive season to fans for having come back of legendary actor Vishnuvardhan through CGI effect.

Kodi Ramakrishna
Kodi Ramakrishna (23 July 1949 – 22 February 2019) was an Indian film director, screenwriter, and actor, known for his work in Telugu cinema. Over the course of his career, he directed more than 100 films across various genres, earning a reputation as one of the most prolific filmmakers in the industry. He is credited with pioneering the use of advanced visual effects in South Indian cinema, through his supernatural fantasy films. In 2012, he was honoured with the Raghupathi Venkaiah Award for his lifetime contribution to Telugu cinema.
The Big Valley
The Big Valley is an American Western television series that originally aired from September 15, 1965, to May 19, 1969, on ABC. The series is set on the fictional Barkley Ranch near Stockton, California.  The one-hour episodes follow the lives of the Barkley family, one of the wealthiest and largest ranch-owning families in Stockton, led by matriarch Victoria Barkley (Barbara Stanwyck), her sons Jarrod (Richard Long) and Nick (Peter Breck), daughter Audra (Linda Evans), and their half-brother Heath (Lee Majors). The series was created by A. I. Bezzerides and Louis F. Edelman and produced by Levy-Gardner-Laven for Four Star Television.

Levy-Gardner-Laven
Levy-Gardner-Laven Productions was an American film production company based in Beverly Hills, California. The principals, Jules V. Levy, Arthur Gardner, and Arnold Laven, met while serving in the Air Force's First Motion Picture Unit during World War II. While serving, they decided to form their own production company after the war ended. The three men formed Levy-Gardner-Laven in 1951.
Cadbury, Devon
Cadbury is a village and civil parish in Devon, England. Cadbury Castle is nearby.

The 15th-century Church of St Michael and All Angels features a Norman font. The church was restored in 1857 by William White, with Frederick Coleridge serving as its vicar from 1855 to 1906.

William White (architect, born 1825)
William White, FSA (15 May 1825 – 1900) was an English architect, noted for his part in 19th-century Gothic Revival architecture and church restorations.

William White was born in Blakesley, Northamptonshire, England, on 15 May 1825. He was the son of a clergyman, and great nephew of the writer and naturalist Gilbert White of Selborne. After a five-year apprenticeship in Leamington Spa he moved to London as an improver in George Gilbert Scott's practice, where he remained for two years before setting up his own practice in Truro, Cornwall in 1847. In 1851 he returned to London and worked out of Wimpole Street. His style was close to that of William Butterfield and he built many churches.
Alexander P. Stewart
Alexander Peter Stewart (October 2, 1821 – August 30, 1908) was a Confederate military officer during the American Civil War and a college professor. He fought in many of the most significant battles in the Western Theater of the war and briefly took command of the Army of Tennessee in 1865.

Rogersville, Tennessee
Rogersville is a town in and the county seat of Hawkins County, Tennessee, United States. It was settled in 1775 by the grandparents of Davy Crockett. It is named for its founder, Joseph Rogers. Tennessee's second oldest courthouse, the Hawkins County Courthouse, first newspaper The Knoxville Gazette, and first post office are all located in Rogersville. The Rogersville Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Rogersville is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Tri-Cities region.

As of the 2020 census, Rogersville had a population of 4,671.
Christine Devine
Christine Devine (born November 2, 1965) is an American television news anchor based in Los Angeles. She can be seen weeknights on KTTV's Fox 11 News. She has won 16 Emmys, including the prestigious Governors Award. Six Emmys were for Best Newscast.

KTTV
KTTV (channel 11) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is the West Coast flagship station of the Fox television network, owned and operated through its Fox Television Stations division. Under common ownership with KCOP-TV (channel 13), the two stations share studios at the Fox Television Center on South Bundy Drive in West Los Angeles; KTTV's transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson.
Michael Cole (wrestling)
Sean Michael Coulthard (born December 8, 1966), better known by his ring name Michael Cole,  is an American professional wrestling commentator and journalist. Since 1997, he has been signed to WWE, where he serves as the play-by-play commentator for the Raw brand, and was the vice president of announcing between 2020 and 2024.

Coulthard began his career in journalism in 1988 for CBS Radio before being hired by the then-World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1997 (WWF was renamed WWE in 2002). He has performed multiple on-screen hosting and commentary roles across his two-decade-plus-long career.

WrestleCrap
WrestleCrap is a professional wrestling website created by R. D. Reynolds and Merle Vincent, serving as a "hall of shame" for some of the worst gimmicks and storylines in professional wrestling history. The site is currently run by Reynolds and Justin Henry.
Ahmed-Pasha Khimshiashvili
Ahmed Bey, subsequently Ahmed-Pasha Khimshiashvili (1781 – October 1836) was a Muslim Georgian nobleman of the Khimshiashvili clan from Adjara, which he ruled as an autonomous ruler (bey) under the Ottoman Empire after 1818. He played a notable role in the Caucasian theatre of the Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) in which he failed to recapture Akhaltsikhe for the Ottomans, but checked Russian attempts to invade Adjara. Subsequently, Ahmed abandoned his earlier clandestine diplomacy with the Russians and served loyally to the Ottoman government as a commander in Kars and Erzurum. He died fighting the Kurdish tribesmen in 1836.

Khimshiashvili
The House of Khimshiashvili (Georgian: ხიმშიაშვილი) was the name of several Georgian noble families, with their bases in the regions of Kakheti and Adjara. A Kakhetian family was part of the princely nobility of Georgia and, then, of the Russian Empire, while the Adjarian Khimshiashvili were important frontier beys under the Ottoman Empire and wielded noticeable influence in this part of southwestern Caucasus throughout the 19th century. The Russians rendered their family name as Khimshiyev (Russian: Химшиев) and as Adzharsky (Аджарский, "of Adjara"), while to the Turks they came to be known as Hamşioğlu.
Holt Park
53°51′29″N 1°36′04″W﻿ / ﻿53.858°N 1.601°W﻿ / 53.858; -1.601

Holt Park is a medium-sized low-rise 1970s housing estate in the northwest suburbs of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.  It is approximately 6 miles (10 km) from Leeds city centre situated between Tinshill, Cookridge and Adel, and is at the edge of the Leeds urban fringe, bordering the green belt which makes up two thirds of the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds. The nearby Tinshill BT Tower dominates the skyline.

Holt Park is in the Leeds North West constituency; its Member of Parliament is Labour's Katie White. It is part of the Adel & Wharfedale ward of Leeds City Council.

Adel and Wharfedale (ward)
Adel and Wharfedale is an electoral ward of Leeds City Council in the north west of Leeds, West Yorkshire, covering both urban and rural areas including Adel, Bramhope, Cookridge, Holt Park and Pool-in-Wharfedale.
An Australian Grammar
An Australian grammar : comprehending the principles and natural rules of the language, as spoken by the Aborigines in the vicinity of Hunter's River, Lake Macquarie, &c. New South Wales is a book written by Lancelot Edward Threlkeld and published in Sydney in 1834. It is a grammar of the Awabakal language.

In 1892 a revised and much expanded version was published by ethnologist John Fraser, as An Australian Language as Spoken by the Awabakal..., in which he and other contributors added much text, several appendices, and a map of the tribes of New South Wales as frontispiece.

Lancelot Threlkeld
Lancelot Edward Threlkeld (20 October 1788 – 10 October 1859) was an English missionary, primarily based in Australia. He was married twice and survived by sons and daughters from both marriages. Threlkeld is known for his work with Biraban in recording and publishing English translations of the Awabakal language.
Little Dorrit (TV series)
Little Dorrit is a 2008 British miniseries based on Charles Dickens's serial novel of the same title, originally published between 1855 and 1857. The screenplay is by Andrew Davies and the episodes were directed by Adam Smith, Dearbhla Walsh, and Diarmuid Lawrence.

The series was a joint production of the BBC and the American PBS member station WGBH Boston. It originally was broadcast by BBC One and BBC HD, beginning on 26 October 2008 with a 60-minute opening episode, followed by 12 half-hour episodes and a 60-minute finale. In the United States, it aired in five episodes as part of PBS's Masterpiece series between 29 March and 26 April 2009. In Australia, episodes were combined into seven-parts on ABC1 each Sunday at 8:30pm from 27 June 2010 and has since been repeated on UKTV.

The series won seven Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Miniseries.

Diarmuid Lawrence
Diarmuid Seton Lawrence (15 October 1947 – 20 September 2019) was an English television director.

Born in Westcliff-on-Sea in Essex, Lawrence began his career in 1978 as a production assistant on the BBC television drama Pennies from Heaven. Two years later he made his directorial debut with Play for Today.

Lawrence's credits include The Witches and the Grinnygog, Mapp & Lucia, Quirke, Grange Hill, Anglo Saxon Attitudes, Minder, The Hanging Gale, Casualty, Silent Witness, Little Dorrit, Messiah, and Desperate Romantics. 
In 1990, his direction of Beyond the Pale won him the Golden Gate Award for Best Television Feature at the San Francisco International Film Festival. He was the recipient in 1993 of the British Academy Television Award (BAFTA) for Best Drama Serial for Anglo Saxon Attitudes. In 2017 he received an International Emmy Kids Award for the best Kids TV Movie/Mini-Series for Peter and Wendy.

He died on 20 September 2019.
Statue of James Harlan
James Harlan is a bronze sculpture of the American attorney and politician of the same name by Nellie Walker, formerly installed in Washington, D.C.'s United States Capitol, as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue, which was gifted by the U.S. state of Iowa in 1910, was replaced with one portraying Norman Borlaug in 2014.

The statue is now on display on the campus of Iowa Wesleyan University.

National Statuary Hall Collection
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, which was then renamed National Statuary Hall. The expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol and its visitor center.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is complete with 100 statues contributed by 50 states, plus two from the District of Columbia (see Statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection). Since Congress authorized replacements in 2000, fourteen states have replaced at least one of their original two statues. In 2022, Kansas became the first state to replace both of its statues; it has been joined by Arkansas and Nebraska.
Johannes Cotovicus
Johannes Cotovicus or Jan van Cootwijk was a 17th-century travel writer who wrote an account of a journey to Jerusalem and Syria. Cootwijk was a native of Utrecht and a Doctor of Laws. He travelled through much of western Europe before embarking on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem which he described in Itinerarium Hierosolymitanum et Syriacum (Antwerp, Hieronymus Verdussen, 1619). This was translated into Dutch by Adriaan van Meerbeeck under the title De loflycke reyse van Jerusalem ende Syrien (Antwerp, 1620).

The Itinerarium included an abridgement of Gasparo Contarini's De magistratibus et republica Venetorum (1543) which was later published separately as Synopsin respublicae Venetae (1626).

Verdussen family
Verdussen was a dynasty of printers in Antwerp, starting with Hieronymus Verdussen I in the late sixteenth century, and ending around 1800. Many other printers in Antwerp were also related to the Verdussens through marriage. They specialized in religious works and works in Spanish, but also published newspapers, almanachs, poetry, scientific works, .... By the end of the 17th century, they produced about 21% of the Spanish books printed in the Netherlands, and with 5 presses was second only to Moretus in Antwerp. In 1876, the Verdussenstraat (Verdussen Street) was named after the family in Antwerp.
National Docks Secondary
National Docks Secondary is a freight rail line within Conrail's North Jersey Shared Assets Area in Hudson County, New Jersey, used by CSX Transportation. It provides access for the national rail network to maritime, industrial, and distribution facilities at Port Jersey, the Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY), and Constable Hook as well as carfloat operations at Greenville Yard. The line is an important component in the planned expansion of facilities in the Port of New York and New Jersey. The single track right of way comprises rail beds, viaducts, bridges, and tunnels originally developed at the end of the 19th century by competing railroads.

Conrail Shared Assets Operations
Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CSAO) is the commonly used name for modern-day Conrail (reporting mark CRCX), an American railroad company. It operates three networks, the North Jersey, South Jersey/Philadelphia, and Detroit Shared Assets Areas, where it serves as a contract local carrier and switching company for its owners, CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway. When most of the former Conrail's track was split between these two railroads, the three shared assets areas (a total of about 1,200 miles of track) were kept separate to avoid giving one railroad an advantage in those areas. The company operates using its own employees and infrastructure but owns no equipment outside MOW equipment.
Belleview, Missouri
Belleview is an unincorporated community in northern Iron County, Missouri, United States. It is located about eight miles northwest of Ironton on Route 21 and is approximately three miles south of Belgrade and Caledonia. Belleview is located near Elephant Rocks State Park and is near the Mark Twain National Forest.

A post office called Belleview has been in operation from 1860-2014. Belleview is derived from belle vue, meaning "beautiful view" in French. An old variant name was "Crossroads".

Iron County, Missouri
Iron County is a county located in the Lead Belt region in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,537. The largest city and county seat is Ironton. Iron County was officially organized on February 17, 1857, and was named after the abundance of iron ore found within its borders.

Iron County includes the 6-mile (9.7 km)-long, 2-mile (3.2 km)-wide Arcadia Valley, the site of Pilot Knob, Ironton, and Arcadia, communities established by immigrants in the 19th Century. The valley is surrounded by the Saint Francois Mountains of the Ozarks Plateau. Iron County is also home to dozens of mountains, including the 1,772-foot (540 m) Taum Sauk Mountain, the highest point in Missouri.

The county is home to a number of state parks and historical sites including Taum Sauk Mountain State Park, Elephant Rocks State Park and Fort Davidson State Historic Site as well as 96,047 acres (390 km2) of Mark Twain National Forest.
Aromanians in Greece
The Aromanians in Greece (Aromanian: Armãnji tu Gãrtsii; Greek: Βλάχοι/Αρμάνοι στην Ελλάδα) are a non-recognized ethnic minority in Epirus, Aetolia-Acarnania, Thessaly and Western and Central Macedonia, in Greece.

In the country, they are commonly known as "Vlachs" (Βλάχοι, Vláchoi) and referred to as "Vlachophone Greeks" or "Vlach-speaking Greeks", because most Aromanians in Greece have a Greek identity and identify themselves with the Greek nation and culture.

Thessaly
Thessaly (/ˈθɛsəli/ THESS-ə-lee; Greek: Θεσσαλία, romanized: Thessalía [θesaˈli.a]; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Central Greece to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.
American Pie 2
American Pie 2 is a 2001 American sex comedy film directed by James B. Rogers and written by Adam Herz and David H. Steinberg from a story by Herz. A sequel to the 1999 comedy film American Pie, it is the second film in the American Pie series and stars Jason Biggs, Shannon Elizabeth, Alyson Hannigan, Chris Klein, Natasha Lyonne, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Tara Reid, Seann William Scott, Mena Suvari, Eddie Kaye Thomas, and Eugene Levy. The film follows the sexual exploits of five friends – Jim, Kevin, Stifler, Oz, and Finch – and their attempts to have the greatest summer party ever at a summer beach house.

American Pie 2 was released in the United States on August 10, 2001 by Universal Pictures, and grossed over $145 million in the United States and $142 million overseas on a budget of $30 million, making it the highest-grossing film in the franchise at $287.5 million worldwide. The film was followed by American Wedding (2003).

Adam Herz
Adam Herz (born September 12, 1972) is an American screenwriter and producer known for selling the script of the movie American Pie.

Herz's first screenplay, originally titled East Great Falls High, was written over a winter ski vacation in 1998. It was based on his high school years in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. It sold for a reported $650,000 in 1999 and became the film American Pie.

In July 2019, POP TV ordered an 8-episode run of his newly created high school-set comedy, Bad Intentions. The show was later cancelled right before cameras were due to start rolling due to original content cuts.

He is Jewish.
Morgan Scalley
Ford Morgan Scalley (born October 8, 1979) is an American college football coach who is the head football coach at the University of Utah, a position he has held since December 2025. He previously served as the defensive coordinator and safeties coach for the university from 2016 to 2025. Scalley played high school football at Highland High School in Salt Lake City and college football at Utah as a defensive back.

Highland High School (Utah)
Highland High School is a high school in Salt Lake City, in the U.S. state of Utah, that opened in 1956 and has a student body of 1,546. It is located at 2166 South 1700 East, next to Sugar House Park, and is part of the Salt Lake City School District. The current principal is Jeremy Chatterton.
Ashton, South Africa
Ashton is a small town in the Western Cape in South Africa. The town is at the foot of the Langeberg mountain range, 10 km southwest of Montagu and 19 km east-southeast of Robertson. It is situated in a  valley known for production of wines and fruit.

Ashton is known for its canning factory, which has faced economic challenges in recent years. Ashton is also home to various tourist attractions, including vineyards and the Ashton Steam Locomotive.

Langeberg
The Langeberg Range is a mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its highest peak is Keeromsberg at 2,072 m that lies 15 km northeast of the town of Worcester. Some of the highest peaks of the range are located just to the north of Swellendam, in a subrange known as the Clock Peaks whose highest point is the 1,710 m high Misty Point. Local lore states one can tell the time by means of the shadows cast by the seven summits of the Clock Peaks.