hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Michigan Biological Station
The University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) is a research and teaching facility operated by the University of Michigan.  It is located on the south shore of Douglas Lake in Cheboygan County, Michigan. The station consists of 10,000 acres (40 km2) of land near Pellston, Michigan in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan and 3,200 acres (13 km2) on Sugar Island in the St. Mary's River near Sault Ste. Marie, in the Upper Peninsula. It is one of the only 28 Biosphere Reserves in the United States.

Douglas Lake (Cheboygan County, Michigan)
Douglas Lake is an inland lake located in Cheboygan County on the northern tip of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. It is the 28th largest lake in Michigan with an areal coverage of 3,395 acres (1,374 ha) and a maximum depth of 79 feet (24 m). The lake has two tributaries, Bessey Creek and Beavertail Creek and one outlet, the East Branch Maple River.  Douglas Lake is part of the headwaters for the Maple River, a Blue Ribbon trout stream.

Much of the southern shoreline of Douglas Lake is undeveloped as it is owned by the University of Michigan Biological Station and is used for research and educational purposes. The University of Michigan Biological Station and the Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council both maintain extensive records describing the biotic and abiotic features of Douglas Lake.
John Blossett
Colonel John Blossett was an Irish soldier who led the second British Legion to aid Simon Bolivar in the wars of independence against Spain.

Born in Ireland, the great-grandson of Huguenot Brigadier-General Salomon Blosset de Loche who had assisted William of Orange in the taking of the British Crown in 1688, Blossett entered the British Army in 1798, serving in the 10th Foot and rising to the level of captain in 1814 and major at the time of his discharge from the army in 1817. In 1819, Blossett was awarded the rank of colonel by Simon Bolivar as leader of the British expedition to assist him in the war of independence, taking over from General James Towers English. Having fought a number of duels throughout his career, Blossett was fatally shot by Colonel Power whilst on the expedition in South America.

His granddaughter was the actress Ethel Lavenu, whose son, Tyrone Power Sr., and grandson, Tyrone Power, were both famous actors.

British Legions
The British Legion (Spanish: Legión británica) or British Legions were foreign volunteer units which fought under Simón Bolívar against Spain for the independence of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador, and under José de San Martín for the independence of Peru, in the Spanish American wars of independence.: 217–220  Venezuelans generally called them the Albion Legion. They were composed of over seven thousand volunteers, mainly Napoleonic War veterans from Great Britain and Ireland, as well as some German veterans and some locals recruited after arriving in South America. Volunteers in the British Legion were motivated by a combination of both genuine political conviction and mercenary motives.

Their greatest achievements were at the Boyacá (1819), Carabobo (1821), Pichincha (1822) and Battle of Ayacucho (1824) which secured independence for Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru from Spanish rule respectively.
Ayahi Takagaki
Ayahi Takagaki (高垣 彩陽, Takagaki Ayahi; born October 25, 1985) is a Japanese actress and singer. She had her first major voice acting roles in 2007, voicing Jasmine in Deltora Quest and Lucia Nahashi in Venus Versus Virus.

Her career as a musician began with her performance of the opening themes of the anime series First Love Limited in April 2009. In the same month, she and three other voice actresses debuted as the musical group Sphere with their single "Future Stream". She announced her marriage on her blog on August 22, 2019.

True Tears (TV series)
True Tears (stylized as true tears) is a Japanese anime television series produced by P.A. Works and directed by Junji Nishimura. It aired in Japan on tvk between January 6, 2008, and March 30, 2008, containing thirteen episodes. The series shares almost nothing in common with the visual novel of the same name that preceded it, using an entirely different story with different characters, and a different art style. An Internet radio show hosted by three voice actresses from the series was also produced to promote it. A Blu-ray box set released in Japan contained an extra three-minute epilogue. Bandai Entertainment initially released the series in North America, but the license was later transferred to Discotek Media.
Société typographique de Neuchâtel
The Société typographique de Neuchâtel was a Swiss publishing house and bookseller that operated between 1769–1794. Their archives, consisting of around 25,000 letters and various types of account books held in the Bibliothèque publique et universitaire de Neuchâtel, are an unparalleled source for the study of the eighteenth-century European book trade. The STN published over 220 works, over 500 volumes in total, the majority of which were counterfeit editions. Clients included Jacques Garrigan; Perisse Frères; Rigaud, Pons & Compagnie; and Luke White.

Perisse Frères
Perisse Frères (established c. 1760) was a publishing firm in Lyon, France, established by Jean-André Perisse-Duluc (born 1738) and his brother Antoine. Around 1825 the business expanded to Paris, becoming "Bourguet-Calas et Cie" in 1874. The business in Lyon continued into the 1880s.
Alvaro Fernández de Valladares
Alvaro Fernández de Valladares was the Commandant of the Order of Santiago also known as "Military Order of St. James of the Sword" which was established in the 12th century in Leon-Castile, in honor of the Patron of Galicia (St. James the Greater) and subsequently all of Spain, and he died fighting in the Reconquista Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, in the battle that Christian troops gave a crushing defeat to the Muslims-Almohads and mark their decline in Spain. Alvaro Fernandez de Valladares married Leonor Varela.

Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (Arabic: معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The caliph al-Nasir (Miramamolín in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from all over the Almohad Caliphate.

Navas de Tolosa (also called Las Navas) is a town and hamlet in southern Spain, in the municipality of La Carolina, in the province of Jaén, in the eastern part of the Sierra Morena region, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with the province of Ciudad Real.
Joachim Irgens von Westervick
Joachim Irgens von Westervick (Danish: Joachim Irgens von Westervick; spelled also af Westervig and af Vestervig) (19 May 1611 - 29 August 1675), born as Jochum Jürgens, was a Dano-Norwegian nobleman, a Danish official and an estate owner. He was one of the most important financial magnates and entrepreneurs in Denmark–Norway and also hold land in the Netherlands. Between 1666 and 1675 he owned the Norwegian Irgens Estate, which was huge part of Northern Norway, as a private estate. He held the titles of Lord (later Baron) of Vestervig, Lord of Horsleben and Noordlanden. The Danish variant of his name by birth was Joachim Irgens.

Jacob de Petersen
Jacob, Count Palatine and Baron de Petersen (before ennoblement Jacob Petersen) (born 26 September 1622 in Rendsburg; died 26 October 1704 in Leusden) was a Danish and Brunswijker courtier, politician and diplomat. He wore the dignity of Count Palatine (Comes Palatinus), imperial Baron, Lord of Engelenburg, Aschat and the house of Heiligenberg. At the end of the 17th century, De Petersen became the largest landowner in Northern Norway through inheritance.
Beaver Creek, Illinois
Beaver Creek, also known as Wisetown,  is an unincorporated community in southern Bond County, Illinois, United States. Beaver Creek is located just south of Illinois Route 143 in Mills Township. Beaver Creek flows past one half mile west of the community. The community is home to the Wisetown Baptist Church and the Wisetown Cemetery lies to the southwest along Beaver Creek. Greenville lies ten miles to the north and Carlyle is about 13 miles to the south along Illinois Route 127.

Bond County, Illinois
Bond County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,725. Its county seat is Greenville.

Bond County is included in the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny
The Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA) is a center at the University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego). Formally established in 2008, CARTA is a collaboration between faculty members of UC San Diego main campus, the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and interested scientists at other institutions from around the world.

CARTA was formed in order to promote transdisciplinary research into anthropogeny - the study of human origins - drawing on methods from a number of traditional disciplines spanning the humanities, social, biomedical, biological, computational & engineering and physical & chemical sciences.

UC San Diego School of Medicine
The University of California, San Diego School of Medicine is the medical school of the University of California, San Diego. It was the third medical school in the University of California system, after those established at UCSF and UCLA, and is the only medical school in the San Diego metropolitan area. It is closely affiliated with the medical centers that are part of UC San Diego Health.
Stallings Island
Stallings Island is an archeological site with a large shell midden, located in the Savannah River near Augusta, Georgia.  The site is the namesake for the Stallings culture of the Late Archaic period and for Stallings fiber-tempered pottery, the oldest known pottery in North America.  The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961. Stallings Island pottery found in coastal Georgia was formerly called St. Simons pottery, but is now recognized as Stallings Island.

Archaic period (North America)
In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period in North America, taken to last from around 8000 to 1000 BC in the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development. The Archaic stage is characterized by subsistence economies supported through the exploitation of nuts, seeds, and shellfish.  As its ending is defined by the adoption of sedentary farming, this date can vary significantly across the Americas.

The term "Archaic Period" is also as a timespan label elsewhere in the Americas, with different timespans than the North American Archaic.
Superman (comic strip)
Superman was a daily newspaper comic strip which began on January 16, 1939, and a separate Sunday strip was added on November 5, 1939. These strips ran continuously until May 1966. In 1941, the McClure Syndicate had placed the strip in hundreds of newspapers.  At its peak, the strip, featuring Superman, was in over 300 daily newspapers and 90 Sunday papers, with a readership of over 20 million. A spin-off, Lois Lane, Girl Reporter, ran irregularly between 1943 and 1944.

During the National Comics Publications v. Fawcett Publications court case, the District Court ruled that McClure Syndicate failed to place the copyright notice on some of the strips and thus those strips are in the public domain.

Curt Swan
Douglas Curtis Swan (February 17, 1920 – June 17, 1996) was an American comics artist. The artist most associated with Superman during the period fans call the Bronze Age of Comic Books, Swan produced hundreds of covers and stories from the 1950s through the 1980s.
Communauté de communes Artois-Lys
The Communauté de communes Artois-Lys was located in the Pas-de-Calais département, in northern France. It was created in January 1993. It was merged into the Communauté d'agglomération de Béthune-Bruay, Artois-Lys Romane in January 2017.

Communauté d'agglomération de Béthune-Bruay, Artois-Lys Romane
Communauté d'agglomération de Béthune-Bruay, Artois-Lys Romane is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Béthune and Bruay-la-Buissière. It is located in the Pas-de-Calais department, in the Hauts-de-France regions, northern France. It was created in January 2017 by the merger of the former communauté d'agglomération de Béthune Bruay Nœux et environs and the former communautés de communes Artois-Lys and Artois-Flandres. Its area is 645.6 km2. Its population was 276,759 in 2018.
William Wood (trade unionist, born 1873)
William Wood (18 February 1873 – 3 March 1956) was a British trade union leader.

Wood was born in Bolton, Lancashire. He left school at the age of 11, and began working half-time at a cotton mill.  He joined the Bolton and District Operative Cotton Spinners' Provincial Association, and began working for the union in 1905.  In 1914, he became its assistant secretary, then its secretary in 1920.

Wood became a magistrate in 1923, and was also involved with the Trustee Savings Bank, and sat on the executive of the United Textile Factory Workers Association.

In 1926, Wood was elected as vice-chairman of the Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners, to which the Bolton Spinners were affiliated.  In 1936, he became its president, and was also elected for two years to the General Council of the Trades Union Congress.  However, in 1940, he was suffering with poor health, and decided to retire.

Bolton and District Operative Cotton Spinners' Provincial Association
The Bolton and District Operative Cotton Spinners' Provincial Association (BOCSPA) was a trade union representing cotton spinners across central Lancashire, in England.  It was the most important union of cotton spinners, and dominated the Spinners' Amalgamation.
1910 Manitoba general election
The 1910 Manitoba general election was held on July 11, 1910 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.

The result was a fourth consecutive majority government for the Conservative Party of Manitoba, led by premier Rodmond Roblin.  Roblin's electoral machine won 28 seats, against 13 for the opposition Manitoba Liberal Party under new leader Tobias Norris.

The Manitoba Labour Party ran a single candidate: Fred Dixon, who was almost elected in Winnipeg Centre with unofficial support from the Liberal Party.  Many believe  that Dixon was defeated by the Socialist Party's decision to field a candidate against him.  The Socialists ran two other candidates in Winnipeg, and both were defeated.

All the members were elected through First-past-the-post voting in single member districts. This was the last election to be conducted that way in Manitoba for 48 years. The next 11 elections involved the election of some MLAs in multi-member districts.

Angus Bonnycastle
Angus Lorne Bonnycastle (November 3, 1873 – September 9, 1941) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1907 to 1911, as a member of the Conservative Party.  A member of the Bonnycastle family, he was the great-grandson of military engineer Richard Henry Bonnycastle.
117 series
The 117 series (117系, 117-kei) is a Japanese suburban electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1979 by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and currently operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West). The train type was operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) from 1987 until 2013. A total of 216 cars were manufactured. When JNR was privatized and divided into the individual JR Group companies, JR Central received 72 cars, while JR-West took possession of 144.

Fukuchiyama Line
The Fukuchiyama Line (福知山線, Fukuchiyama-sen) is a railway line operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) connecting Osaka and Fukuchiyama, Japan. Within JR West's "Urban Network" covering the Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto metropolitan region, the line from Osaka to Sasayamaguchi is also called the JR Takarazuka Line (JR宝塚線). The line traverses the cities of Kawanishi and Takarazuka in the northwestern corner of the Osaka metropolitan area.

Although Amagasaki is the line's official southeastern terminus, all trains continue east to Osaka and beyond on the JR Kōbe Line, or to the Gakkentoshi Line via the JR Tōzai Line.
Mahirap Maging Pogi
Mahirap Maging Pogi  (lit. 'It Is Hard to Be Handsome') is a 1992 Filipino comedy film written and directed by Ben Feleo. The film stars Andrew E., along with Dennis Padilla, Gelli de Belen, Ruby Rodriguez, Ogie Alcasid, Janno Gibbs, Anjo Yllana, Ana Roces, Lea Orosa, Mia Pratts, Almira Muhlach, Patrick Guzman, Michael de Mesa and Roi Vinzon. Named after Andrew E.'s rap song of the same name, the film was produced by Viva Films and released in August 19, 1992.

Critic Justino Dormiendo of the Manila Standard gave the film a negative review, criticizing it as "downright ugly" and "not much fun".

Anjo Yllana
Andrés José Salvador Garchitorena Yllana Jr. (born April 24, 1968), known professionally as Anjo Yllana, is a Filipino actor-comedian, television host and politician. He is one of the hosts from Eat Bulaga! from 1998 to 2020.
Marie-Thérèse Figueur
Marie-Thérèse Figueur (Talmay, 17 January 1774 – Paris, hospice des  Petits Ménages, 4 January 1861), known by the nom de guerre Sans-Gêne (literally "unconstrained"), was a French soldier who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. Unlike some other female soldiers before the twentieth century, she did not disguise her gender when she enlisted, serving for twenty-two years under her own name in the French Revolutionary Army and the Grande Armée.

Women in 18th-century warfare
Women have contributed to military activities including as combatants.  The following list describes women known to have participated in military actions in the 18th century.
For women in warfare in the United States at this time, please see Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945.
Dark World (1935 film)
Dark World (1935) is a British film directed by Bernard Vorhaus and starring Tamara Desni, Leon Quartermaine, and Googie Withers. The film, released by Fox Film Corporation, is now considered a lost film.

Bernard Vorhaus
Bernard Vorhaus (December 25, 1904 – November 23, 2000) was an American film director of Austrian descent, born in New York City. His father was born in Kraków, then part of Austria-Hungary. Vorhaus spent many decades living in the UK. Early in his career, he worked as a screenwriter, and co-produced the film The Singing City. He was blacklisted in Hollywood for his communist sympathies, and returned to England, where he resumed his career. Known, alongside Michael Powell, for his quota quickies, Vorhaus also worked in Europe.
Milko Šparemblek
Milko Šparemblek (1 December 1928 – 25 February 2025) was a Slovenian-born Croatian dancer, choreographer, stage director, and film director. He made about 40 ballet films and to date there have been about 150 premieres of his work in over 50 theatres around the world. Šparemblek received a number of awards including a Vladimir Nazor Lifetime Achievement Award and a Distinguished Artist Award from the International Society for the Performing Arts.

Vladimir Nazor Award
The Vladimir Nazor Award (Croatian: Nagrada Vladimir Nazor) is a Croatian prize for arts and culture established in 1959, and awarded every year by the country's Ministry of Culture.

Named after the writer Vladimir Nazor (1876–1949), the prize is awarded to Croatian artists for achievements in six different fields of art and culture. In each category two separate prizes are awarded: one for life achievement, in recognition of their career in their respective field; and another one, commonly referred to as the "annual award," for a single piece of outstanding work in the winner's field, created over the previous 12 months.

The winners for the preceding year are usually announced around May, and the prizes are handed out in an official ceremony held around in June or July, loosely coinciding with 19 June, the anniversary of Nazor's death in 1949.
Gas, Inspector Palmu!
Gas, Inspector Palmu! (original Finnish title: Kaasua, komisario Palmu!) is a 1961 Finnish crime movie directed by Matti Kassila. It is a sequel to Inspector Palmu's Mistake and is followed by The Stars Will Tell, Inspector Palmu. The main cast of actors is the same as that of the first though some actors such as Elina Salo, Pentti Siimes and Aino Mantsas play different characters.

It is based on the first Inspector Palmu novel Who Murdered Mrs. Skrof? (Kuka murhasi rouva Skrofin?) by Mika Waltari but was the second one filmed, after Inspector Palmu's Mistake. Unlike the first film it was produced by Fennada-Filmi. According to director Kassila, Toivo Särkkä (the producer of the first film) didn't like the story of the novel and thus its rights were purchased by Fennada producer Mauno Mäkelä, who also produced the third movie The Stars Will Tell, Inspector Palmu (1962). The film features the first character in Finnish cinema history who is a homosexual: the artist Kurt Kuurna.

Mauno Mäkelä
Mauno Ilmari Mäkelä (7 March 1916 – 17 October 1987) was a Finnish film producer. He also appeared as an actor in films Iskelmäketju (1959) and Trust (1976).

Mäkelä received a Jussi Award for producing the film Elokuu (1956).
Theodoli Chapel
The Theodoli Chapel or Chapel of Saint Catherine «del Calice» (Italian: Cappella Theodoli, Cappella di Santa Catarina del Calice) in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome is an important monument of Roman Mannerism. Although less known than some of the other side chapels of the same church it is a major work in the oeuvre of Giulio Mazzoni. The chapel opens at the end of the left arm of the transept next to the famous Cerasi Chapel.

Santa Maria del Popolo
The Parish Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo (Italian: Basilica Parrocchiale Santa Maria del Popolo) is a titular church and a minor basilica in Rome run by the Augustinian order. It stands on the north side of Piazza del Popolo, one of the most famous squares in the city. The church is hemmed in between the Pincian Hill and Porta del Popolo, one of the gates in the Aurelian Wall as well as the starting point of Via Flaminia, the most important route from the north. Its location made the basilica the first church for the majority of travellers entering the city. The church contains works by several famous artists, such as Raphael, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Caravaggio, Alessandro Algardi, Pinturicchio, Andrea Bregno, Guillaume de Marcillat and Donato Bramante.
Sancha of Aragon (died 1097)
Sancha Ramírez (born c. 1045, died 1097) was an Aragonese princess, the daughter of King Ramiro I and Queen Ermesinda. She was the countess of Urgell from c.1063 until 1065 as the wife of Count Ermengol III. Her brothers Sancho Ramírez and García Ramírez became king of Aragon and bishop of Pamplona, respectively. During her brother's reign she played an important role in consolidating the Kingdom of Aragon, which had been founded by her father in 1035.

Ermengol III
Ermengol or Armengol III (1032 – 1065), called el de Barbastro, was the Count of Urgell from 1038 to his death. He was the son of Ermengol II, Count of Urgell and his wife Velasquita "Constança", probably the daughter of Bernard I, Count of Besalú.