hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Txtng: the Gr8 Db8
Txtng: The Gr8 Db8 is a 2008 book about text messaging, by linguist David Crystal.

The title is a logogram which stands for Texting: The Great Debate. In his book, Crystal examines the use of text messaging and its effect on language and literacy.  Based on research and experimental results, he disagrees with the popular view that the use of abbreviations and slang, such as those in SMS language, will lead to low literacy and bad spelling among children.

David Crystal
David Crystal, OBE, FBA, FLSW, FCIL (born 6 July 1941) is a British linguist who studies the English language.

Crystal studied English at University College London and has lectured at Bangor University and the University of Reading. He was awarded an OBE in 1995 and a Fellowship of the British Academy in 2000. Crystal was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Lancaster University in 2013. Crystal is a proponent of Internet linguistics and has also been involved in Shakespeare productions, providing guidance on original pronunciation.
Corresponding conditional
In logic, the corresponding conditional of an argument (or derivation) is a material conditional whose antecedent is the conjunction of the argument's (or derivation's) premises and whose consequent is the argument's conclusion. An argument is valid if and only if its corresponding conditional is a logical truth. It follows that an argument is valid if and only if the negation of its corresponding conditional is a contradiction. Therefore, the construction of a corresponding conditional provides a useful technique for determining the validity of an argument.

Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas (also called wffs or simply formulas).

The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.
Desa (Bithynia)
Desa was an inland town of ancient Bithynia inhabited during Roman times. Its name does not occur in ancient authors, but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.

Its site is located near Kandıra in Asiatic Turkey.

Kandıra
Kandıra is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 840 km2, and its population is 52,874 (2022). Its neighbours are Kaynarca to the east, Adapazarı to the southeast, İzmit to the south and Şile to the west.
Battle of Montaperti
The Battle of Montaperti was fought on 4 September 1260 between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Florentines were routed. It was the bloodiest battle fought in medieval Italy, with more than 10,000 fatalities. An act of treachery during the battle is recorded by Dante Alighieri in the Inferno section of the Divine Comedy.

Manfred, King of Sicily
Manfred (Sicilian: Manfredi di Sicilia; 1232 – 26 February 1266) was the last King of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen dynasty, reigning from 1258 until his death. The natural son of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Manfred became regent over the Kingdom of Sicily on behalf of his nephew Conradin in 1254. As regent he subdued rebellions in the kingdom, until in 1258 he usurped Conradin's rule. After an initial attempt to appease Pope Innocent IV, he took up the ongoing conflict between the Hohenstaufens and the papacy through combat and political alliances. He defeated the papal army at Foggia on 2 December 1254. Excommunicated by three successive popes, Manfred was the target of a Crusade (1255–1266) called first by Pope Alexander IV and then by Urban IV. Nothing came of Alexander's call, but Urban enlisted the aid of Charles of Anjou in overthrowing Manfred. Manfred was killed during his defeat by Charles at the Battle of Benevento, and Charles assumed kingship of Sicily.
Koyandy Fair
The Koyandy Fair (Kazakh: Қоянды жәрмеңкесі) was a large annual trade fair held every June from 1848 to 1930 in the Karkaraly region of Kazakhstan on the caravan route from Central Asia to Siberia. Koyandy is located west of modern-day Yegindybulak, near lake Karasor.

Koyandy
Koyandy (Kazakh: Қоянды) is a settlement in Karkaraly District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan. It is the  administrative center and only settlement of the Koyandy rural district (KATO code - 354871100). Population: 479 (2009 census results); 798 (1999 census results). The Koyandy Fair was held in the village until 1930.
Georg Hermes
Georg Hermes (22 April 1775, Dreierwalde – 26 May 1831, Bonn) was a German Roman Catholic theologian who advocated a rational approach to theology. During his lifetime, his theology was greatly in vogue in Germany, but declined after the posthumous papal condemnation of "Hermesianism" by Pope Gregory XVI.

Hörstel
Hörstel (German pronunciation: [ˈhœʁstl̩] ⓘ; Low German: Hüörsel) is a town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the junction of the Mittellandkanal and the Dortmund-Ems Canal, approx. 10 km east of Rheine.

Parts of Hörstel are Riesenbeck, Dreierwalde, Birgte and Bevergern
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment is a 1963 direct cinema documentary film directed by Robert Drew. The film centers on the University of Alabama's "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door" integration crisis of June 1963. Drew and the other filmmakers, including D.A. Pennebaker and Richard Leacock, were given expanded access to key areas, including United States President John F. Kennedy's Oval Office and the homes of United States Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and Governor George Wallace of Alabama. The film first aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as an installment of Close-Up! four months after the incident, on October 28, 1963. It was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress on December 28, 2011.

D. A. Pennebaker
Donn Alan Pennebaker (/ˈpɛniːbeɪkər/; July 15, 1925 – August 1, 2019) was an American documentary filmmaker and one of the pioneers of direct cinema. Performing arts and politics were his primary subjects. In 2013, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognized his body of work with an Academy Honorary Award. Pennebaker was called by The Independent as "arguably the pre-eminent chronicler of Sixties counterculture".

He received an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature nomination for The War Room (1993). He is also known for directing documentaries such as Dont Look Back (1967), Monterey Pop (1968), Original Cast Album: Company (1971), Eat the Document (1972), Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1979), Jimi Plays Monterey (1986), Elaine Stritch: At Liberty (2004), and Kings of Pastry (2009).
Hotel LaFontaine
Hotel LaFontaine is a historic hotel building located at Huntington, Indiana. It was built in 1925, and consists of a six-story central pavilion with five-story flanking wings.  It is of steel frame and hollow-tile construction and sheathed in brick.  The building is in the Colonial Revival style.  The lobby is designed to resemble a Spanish courtyard and the basement houses an Egyptian inspired swimming pool that opened in 1927. The hotel is named for Francis La Fontaine.  It housed a hotel until 1974.: 2–3

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is located in the Huntington Courthouse Square Historic District.

Huntington, Indiana
Huntington, known as the "Lime City", is the largest city in and the county seat of Huntington County, Indiana, United States. It is in Huntington and Union townships. It is also part of Fort Wayne, Indiana's metropolitan area. The population was 17,022 at the 2020 United States census, down from 17,391 in the 2010 United States census.
Namumula
"Namumula" (transl. Blush, lit. 'Reddening') is a song by Filipino singer Maki. It was released as a digital pre-single for his debut album Kolorcoaster on August 30, 2024, through Tarsier Records, and was produced by Nhiko Sabiniano. The track explores the internal conflict of deciding whether to pursue someone who isn't good for you, despite potentially hurting yourself along the way.

Maki (singer)
Ralph William Datoon (born November 27, 1999), professionally known as Maki, is a Filipino singer and songwriter from Quezon City. He first gained attention with his viral songs "Saan?" and "Bakit?" from his debut EP, Tanong, released on September 22, 2023, both of which saw significant success on Spotify.

In 2024, Maki reached mainstream popularity with his single "Dilaw", which charted on the global Spotify chart, making it the third Filipino song to do so. The song also became the first number-one track on Billboard Philippines' relaunched Philippines Hot 100 chart. He is signed to Tarsier Records.
Alice Coote
Alice Mary Coote CBE (born 10 May 1968) is a British mezzo-soprano. Known internationally for her performances in opera playing both female and male roles, and her recitals with piano and concerts with orchestra, Coote has performed extensively across Europe, North America and Asia. Her repertoire ranges from early and baroque music to contemporary works, and includes works which have been especially written for her. She was appointed OBE in the 2018 Birthday honours for services to music.

2018 Birthday Honours
The 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours for the United Kingdom were announced on 9 June; the honours for New Zealand were announced on 4 June and for Australia on 11 June.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour. They are arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades, i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc., and then by divisions, i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.
2021–22 DFB-Pokal Frauen
The 2021–22 DFB-Pokal was the 42nd season of the annual German football cup competition. Several teams participated in the competition, including all teams from the previous year's Frauen-Bundesliga and the 2. Frauen-Bundesliga, excluding second teams. The competition began on 21 August 2021 with the first of six rounds and ended on 28 May 2022 with the final at the RheinEnergieStadion in Cologne, a nominally neutral venue, which has hosted the final since 2010.

VfL Wolfsburg were the seven-time defending champion and defended their title by defeating Turbine Potsdam in the final.

VfL Wolfsburg (women)
Verein für Leibesübungen Wolfsburg e. V., commonly known as VfL Wolfsburg, is a German professional women's football club based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. The club is currently playing in the top division of Germany the Bundesliga. The club won the UEFA Women's Champions League in 2013 and 2014.
Verónika con K
Verónika con K (born Nicanora Verónica Hernández Ávila on February 14, 1950) is a Mexican actress, singer and TV hostess.

Verónika con K was born in Santo Domingo, Oaxaca, Mexico. She made her debut in the 1975 film Satânico Pandemonium. She also appeared in the films El guía de las turistas, ¡Oye Salomé!, La mujer del puerto and Hembras de tierra caliente.

In 1989 she appeared in a children's TV series, Carrusel, as Belén. She was also in Marisol, El Privilegio de Amar, Abrázame muy fuerte and Mariana de la noche.

In 2016 Verónika con K celebrated 45 years in show business.

In 2017 she returned to telenovelas in El vuelo de la victoria as Chencha, mother of Paulina Goto.

El vuelo de la victoria
El vuelo de la victoria (English: The Flight to Victory) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Nathalie Lartilleux for Televisa. The telenovela follows the story of Victoria a young runner who finds in athletics a way to make sense of her life and will fight to get a place in the Olympics. It stars Paulina Goto, Mané de la Parra and Andrés Palacios.
Eastern Regional Command (Denmark)
The Eastern Regional Command (Danish: Østre Landsdelskommando) (known until 1923 as 1st General Command (Danish: 1. Generalkommando)) was the overall command of all Royal Danish Army units on Zealand. It was split into four military regions and was responsible for regional defence. In 1990, the Regional Commands were disbanded and control was collected at the newly created Army Operational Command.

Royal Danish Army
The Royal Danish Army (Danish: Hæren; Faroese: Herurin; Greenlandic: Sakkutuut) is the land-based branch of the Danish Armed Forces, together with the Danish Home Guard. For the last decade, the Royal Danish Army has undergone a massive transformation of structures, equipment and training methods, abandoning its traditional role of anti-invasion defence, and instead focusing on out of area operations by, among other initiatives, reducing the size of the conscripted and reserve components and increasing the active (standing army) component, changing from 60% support structure and 40% operational capability, to 60% combat operational capability and 40% support structure. When fully implemented, the Danish army will be capable of deploying 1,500 troops permanently on three different continents continuously, or 5,000 troops for a shorter period of time, in international operations without any need for extraordinary measures such as parliamentary approval of a war funding bill.
Ahman Green
Ahman Rashad Green (/ɑːˈmɑːn/; born February 16, 1977) is an American former professional football running back who played 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers, earning second-team All-American honors in 1997. Green was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the third round of the 1998 NFL draft, playing there for two seasons before being traded to the Green Bay Packers, with whom he played for eight of the next ten seasons. Green also played for the Houston Texans, and was a four-time Pro Bowl selection with the Packers, where he holds the franchise record for rushing yards. He was the head esports coach at Lakeland University until the end of 2022.

1998 Orange Bowl
The 1998 Orange Bowl was played on January 2, 1998, and served as the Bowl Alliance's designated national championship game for the 1997 season. This 64th edition of the Orange Bowl featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big 12 Conference and the Tennessee Volunteers of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
Wola Knyszyńska
Wola Knyszyńska [ˈvɔla knɨˈʂɨɲska] is a village located in the administrative district of Gmina Działoszyce, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Działoszyce, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Pińczów, and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Działoszyce
Gmina Działoszyce is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Działoszyce, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Pińczów and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 105.48 square kilometres (40.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,640 (out of which the population of Działoszyce amounts to 1,068, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,572).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kozubów Landscape Park.
Gostomko
Gostomko [ɡɔsˈtɔmkɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipusz, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kashubia in the historic region of Pomerania.

Gostomko was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Tczew County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It was annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of Poland in 1772, and restored to Poland, after Poland regained independence in 1918.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1944, the Germans expelled many Poles, who were deported to the Potulice concentration camp and then sent to forced labour in various places.

Gmina Lipusz
Gmina Lipusz (Kashubian: Lëpùsz) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipusz, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of Kościerzyna and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 109.2 square kilometres (42.2 sq mi), and as of 2022 its total population is 3,767.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Wdydze Landscape Park.

The gmina is twinned with Madawaska Valley, Ontario, Canada.
Comedy Raja Kalakkal Rani
Comedy Raja Kalakkal Rani (transl. Comedy King, Entertainment Queen) is a 2021 Indian Tamil-languagecomedy series that premiered on 27 June 2021 and was broadcast on Star Vijay. The show is hosted by video and radio jockey Rakshan and television host Priyanka Deshpande. The show was telecast every Sunday at 1:30pm. The show launched on 27 June 2021 and aired its final episode on 14 November 2021. Madurai Muthu, Baba Bhaskar, Aishwarya and Uma Riyaz Khan served as the judges for this show.

The show was won by duo Sunita Gogoi and TSK, while another duo Rithika Tamil Selvi and KPY Bala emerged as the runner up of the show. Ramar and Deepa Shankar came in third place and Vinodh and Pranika came in fourth place. Actor Jiiva also appeared as a special guest and judge during the grand finale.

Madurai Muthu
Madurai Muthu is an Indian stand-up comedian. He rose to prominence after taking part in Sun TV's reality stand-up comedy television program Asatha Povadhu Yaaru, where he received a career breakthrough for his stand-up comedy. Despite having a following through Sun TV, he apparently joined its rival channel Star Vijay, in which he is portrayed as the face of the channel as he predominantly appears in reality television programmes aired in Star Vijay.

He is known for his property jokes, as he often uses props and tools to crack jokes in order to relate with the audience, which has become a go-to most sought after trademark style of him.
The Law of Devil's Land
The Law of Devil's Land (魔界典章, Makai tenshō) is the third studio album by the Japanese heavy metal band Loudness. It was released in 1983 only in Japan and later distributed in Europe by Roadrunner Records. The CD reissue of 2005 contains two extra songs coming from the English version of the band's third single.

Loudness (band)
Loudness (Japanese: ラウドネス, Hepburn: Raudonesu) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in 1981 by guitarist Akira Takasaki and drummer Munetaka Higuchi. They were the first Japanese metal act signed to a major label in the United States. Loudness subsequently released twenty-six studio albums (five licensed in America) and nine live albums by 2014 and reached the Billboard Top 100 during their heyday as well as charting on Oricon dozens of times. Despite numerous line-up changes in the band's history, leaving Takasaki as the sole constant member, the band continued their activities throughout the 1990s, finally reuniting the original line-up in 2000. This incarnation released a further seven albums until November 30, 2008, when original drummer Munetaka Higuchi died from liver cancer at a hospital in Osaka at age 49. He was replaced by Masayuki Suzuki.
1904 Home Nations Championship
The 1904 Home Nations Championship was the twenty-second series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Six matches were played between 9 January and 19 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

Harry Vaughan Watkins
Harry Vaughan Watkins (10 September 1875 – 16 May 1945) was a Welsh rugby union player who played club rugby for Llanelli and London Welsh and gained six caps for the Wales national team. Watkins also played cricket and hockey for Carmarthenshire.
Saksit Tangthong
Saksit Tangthong (Thai: ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ แท่งทอง, born 6 June 1967) is a Thai actor. He became widely known from the popular 1991 teen comedy The Time Not Beyond (Kling Wai Kon Pho Son Wai) and the sitcom Sam Num Sam Mum, which ran from 1991 to 1998. He has since had acting roles in numerous Thai television soap operas, as well as the sitcom Bang Rak Soi Kao (2003–2012), and recorded several singles.

Sam Noom Sam Moom
Sam Noom Sam Moom or Three Men, Three Styles (Thai: 3 หนุ่ม 3 มุม, RTGS: Sam Num Sam Mum) is a Thai situation comedy originally broadcast from 1991 to 1998 on Channel 7. It was created by Takonkiet Viravan for GMM Grammy subsidiary Exact, and starred Songsit Roongnophakunsri, Saksit Tangthong and Patiparn Patavekarn as the three titular brothers. It became Thailand's first widely popular sitcom, and launched the careers of its three main actors.
How Late'll Ya Play 'Til?
How Late'll Ya Play 'Til? is an album by David Bromberg.  His fifth album, it was released by Fantasy Records in 1976 as a two-disc LP.

How Late'll Ya Play 'Til? was recorded in California.  The first disc was recorded at Fantasy Studios in Berkeley, the Record Plant in Sausalito, and Cherokee Studios in Los Angeles.  The second disc was recorded live, on June 18 and 19, 1976, at the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco.

The album was released on CD as two separate titles.  How Late'll Ya Play 'Til? Volume 1: Live contains all six tracks from the second disc of the double LP, along with two additional tracks, "Loaded and Laid" and "Make Me a Pallet", that were not on the LP release.  How Late'll Ya Play 'Til? Volume 2: Studio contains all eleven tracks from the first disc, along with three added tracks — "Kitchen Girl," "Long Afternoons" and "Nashville Again".

Great American Music Hall
The Great American Music Hall is a concert hall in San Francisco, California. It is located on O'Farrell Street in the Tenderloin neighborhood on the same block as the Mitchell Brothers O'Farrell Theatre. It is known for its decorative balconies, columns, and frescoes and for its history of unique entertainment, which has included burlesque dancing as well as jazz, folk music, and rock and roll concerts.  The capacity of the hall is 700 people.
Gajabahu I
Gajabahu I (Sinhala: ගජබාහු, lit. 'Arm of an elephant', [ˈgadʒəba:ɦu]), also known as Gajabahuka Gamani (c. 113 – 135 CE), was a Sinhalese king of Rajarata in Sri Lanka. He is renowned for his military prowess, religious benefactions, extensive involvement in South Indian politics, and for possibly introducing the cult of the goddess Pattini to Sri Lanka. The primary source for his reign is the Mahavamsa, though he is also the only early Sri Lankan king (along with Elara) to be extensively mentioned in the Chera Cilappatikaram (also spelled Silapathikaram).

Pattini
Pattini (Sinhala: පත්තිනි දෙවියෝ, romanized: Pattiṉi Deviyō, Tamil: கண்ணகி அம்மன், romanized: Kaṇṇaki Ammaṉ) is considered a guardian deity of Sri Lanka in both Sri Lankan Buddhism and Sinhalese folklore. She is also worshipped by Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus under the name Kannaki Amman.

Pattini is regarded as the patron goddess of fertility and health, especially as a protector against smallpox, which is referred to in Sinhala as deviyange ledé ("the divine affliction").