hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Plint
Thomas Edward Plint (1823–1861) was a British stockbroker and important Pre-Raphaelite art collector who commissioned and owned several notable paintings. In 1839, with his friend Charles Reed, he started and edited a magazine called The Leeds Repository.

A religious evangelical, Plint served as a lay preacher at Leeds Congregational Chapel. In 1852, he commissioned Ford Madox Brown to complete Work, a celebration of the Protestant work ethic. He demanded changes to the composition, notably the inclusion of a distributor of evangelical tracts, but died before its completion.

He was at one time owner of John Everett Millais' The Black Brunswicker, which he purchased from  Ernest Gambart. Other paintings in his collection included Millais's Christ in the House of His Parents and The Waterfall.

Ford Madox Brown
Ford Madox Brown (16 April 1821 – 6 October 1893) was a British painter of moral and historical subjects, notable for his distinctively graphic and often Hogarthian version of the Pre-Raphaelite style. Arguably, his most notable painting was Work (1852–1865). Brown spent the latter years of his life painting the twelve works known as The Manchester Murals, depicting Mancunian history, for Manchester Town Hall.
Pontal do Paraná
Pontal do Paraná is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

Pontal do Paraná is home to the Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná.
The municipality contains the 16-hectare (40-acre) Rio Perequê Municipal Nature Park, created in 2001 to protect an area of mangroves in Pontal do Sul.
It also contains the 407-hectare (1,010-acre) Restinga Municipal Nature Park, created at the same time.
The municipality also includes the Ilhas dos Currais Marine National Park, which protects three small islands that provide a nesting ground for marine birds and a refuge and feeding ground for fish.

Federal University of Paraná
The Federal University of Paraná (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR) is a public university headquartered in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. UFPR is considered to be one of the oldest universities in Brazil.

UFPR ranks as 37th best university in Latin-America and it is among the 651-700 best universities in the world, according to QS World University Rankings. It is placed as the eighth best university in Brazil in the latest "Ranking Universitário Folha (RUF)", published by the nation's largest newspaper.

Nowadays, its facilities are spread over the capital Curitiba and other cities of the State of Paraná. It offers 124 undergraduate degree courses, 44 doctorate, 66 masters and 5 professional masters programs, apart from a number of lato sensu programs (mostly paid one-year specializations) - see Higher-ed degrees in Brazil.
Fangatapu Apikotoa
Fangatapu Apikotoa, (born 31 August 1983) is a Tongan rugby union player who currently plays for the Tautahi Gold in the World Rugby Pacific Challenge. His preferred position is fly half but also can slot into the centre and full back positions.

He also played his rugby for the Marist Ma'ufanga Rugby Club in the Datec Cup Provincial Championship in Tonga.

He made his test debut for Tonga against Samoa on May 24, 2004, and has played 18 test matches and scored 87 points.

He signed for Coventry R.F.C. in the English Championship for the 2009/2010 season, making his debut against the Exeter Chiefs in September 2009.

Tautahi Gold
Tautahi Gold is a former Tongan rugby union team that played in the Pacific Rugby Cup from 2006 to 2010. The other Tongan team in the Cup was  Tau'uta Reds. The team's name is from the Tautahi, which was Tonga's traditional Navy Army. Gold was chosen as the team's colour from the Sun which Tongans use as their navigational compass.

The home region of the Tautahi Gold team was a combination of Ha'apai, 'Eua and half of the Tongatapu Town District. It was important to the Union to make a home for the two teams to provide a pathway for players into Tonga's national rugby team.

Tautahi Gold were the Pacific Rugby Cup champions in 2008, defeating Upolu Samoa in the final played at Apia Park in Samoa on 14 May 2008.
Surviving Disaster (TV series)
Surviving Disaster is a simulation of real life disaster situations produced by Spike.  Hosted by former Navy SEAL Cade Courtley, each episode retells situations in a worst-case scenario and what viewers can do to survive them.  There have been ten episodes aired to date. The series was not picked up for a second season.

Cade Courtley
Christopher "Cade" Courtley (born December 30, 1969) is a retired American television host and a former Navy SEAL. He was the host of Spike TV's and Discovery Channel's show Surviving Disaster and Sportsman Channel's America Unplugged. He was also the author of a book, entitled SEAL Survival Guide: A Navy SEAL's Secrets to Surviving Any Disaster. He also participated in USA Network's reality competition show, Combat Missions.
Panola Mountain
Panola Mountain is a 100-acre (40 ha) granite monadnock in Rockdale County, Georgia. The peak is 946 feet (288 m) above sea level, rising 260 feet (79 m) above the South River. The South River marks the boundary between Henry, Rockdale, and DeKalb counties. Due to its delicate ecological features, Panola Mountain was designated a National Natural Landmark on December 16, 1980.

Rockdale County, Georgia
Rockdale County is a county located in the North Central portion in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 93,570 up from 85,215 in 2010. The county seat is Conyers.

Rockdale County is included in Metro Atlanta.
Aage Grundstad
Aage Grundstad (May 26, 1923 – April 8, 2012) was a Norwegian award-winning accordion player, originally from Vefsn Municipality.

Grundstad studied at the Oslo Conservatory of Music and graduated from the Veitvedt Music School. He had his solo debut on NRK in 1946, where he later had several radio concerts. He founded the club Friends of Old-Fashioned Dance (Venner av gammeldans) in Oslo with Angell Gabrielsen in 1954 and founded the Norwegian Accordionists' Association in 1971. Grundstad had his own ensemble with Knut Trøen, who studied the Norwegian figure dance (turdans) tradition, and released several albums.

Vefsn Municipality
Vefsn (Southern Sami: Vaapste) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Mosjøen (population: 9,843). Some of the notable villages in Vefsn include Drevvassbygda, Elsfjord, and Husvik.

The 1,929-square-kilometre (745 sq mi) municipality is the 41st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vefsn Municipality is the 91st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 13,469. The municipality's population density is 7 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Mount Coot-tha, Queensland
Mount Coot-tha is a mountain and a suburb of the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.  Visible from much of the city, Mount Coot-tha is a popular bushland tourist destination including the Mount Coot-tha Lookout,  Brisbane Botanic Gardens and Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium, as well as a mountain drive, bike trails, parks including two waterfalls, and television and radio towers. In the 2021 census, Mount Coot-tha had a population of 0 people.

Toowong
Toowong (/təˈwɒŋ/ tə-WONG) is a riverside suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Toowong had a population of 12,556 people with a median weekly household income of $1,927.
Eugene Blues
The Eugene Blues were a minor league baseball club based in Eugene, Oregon. In 1904, the Blues played as members of the short lived Class D level Oregon State League. The 1904 Blues ended the shortened season in second place. The Blues were succeeded decades later in Eugene by the 1950 Eugene Larks of the Far West League.

Oregon State League
The Oregon State League was a minor league baseball league that played briefly in the 1904 season. The Class D level Oregon State League featured four teams based in Oregon and Washington. The league permanently folded midway through its first season of play, with the Salem Raglans in first place.
Erasmus of Formia
Erasmus of Formia, also known as Saint Elmo (died c. 303), was a Christian saint and martyr. He is venerated as the patron saint of sailors and abdominal pain. Erasmus or Elmo is also one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, saintly figures of Catholicism who are venerated especially as intercessors.

Gaeta
Gaeta (Italian: [ɡaˈeːta]; Latin: Cāiēta; Southern Laziale: Gaieta) is a seaside resort in the province of Latina in Lazio, Italy. Set on a promontory stretching towards the Gulf of Gaeta, it is 133 km (83 mi) south of Rome and 96.5 km (60 mi) north of Naples.

The city has played a conspicuous part in military history; its walls date to Roman times and were extended and strengthened in the 15th century, especially throughout the history of the Kingdom of Naples (later the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies).

Present-day Gaeta is a fishing port and a seaside resort. NATO has a naval base here. In 2025, it received the blue and green flags from FEE for the twelfth consecutive year. It is one of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Saussignac AOC
Saussignac (French pronunciation: [sosiɲak]) is a wine appellation (Appellation d'origine contrôlée, AOC) in South West France. The Saussignac AOC is used exclusively for a sweet white dessert wine, similar to Monbazillac but a little drier. The grapes used are generally Sémillon grapes which have been affected by Botrytis cinerea. To qualify for the appellation, the grapes must be grown, and the wine produced, in the four communes of Saussignac, Razac-de-Saussignac, Monestier and Gageac-et-Rouillac. A fundamental difference between Saussignac and all other sweet or late-harvest wines is that chaptalization, or the addition of sugar, is forbidden under the rules of the AOC.

Saussignac
Saussignac (French pronunciation: [sosiɲak]; Occitan: Saussinhac) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is in the heart of Bergerac wine country and produces sweet white wines. Its village centre has a Poste and Mairie. The village is surrounded by several smaller communes each of which produce their own wines.
Young and Innocent
Young and Innocent, released in the US as The Girl Was Young, is a 1937 British crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Nova Pilbeam and Derrick De Marney. Based on the 1936 novel A Shilling for Candles by Josephine Tey, the film is about a young man on the run from a murder charge who enlists the help of a woman who must put herself at risk for his cause. An elaborately staged crane shot Hitchcock devised, which appears towards the end of the film, identifies the real murderer.

A Shilling for Candles
A Shilling for Candles is a 1936 mystery novel by Josephine Tey (Elizabeth MacKintosh) first published in 1936 by Methuen in the UK. It is the second of Tey's six mysteries featuring Inspector Alan Grant, and the first book written under the Josephine Tey pseudonym. The plot features the investigation of the death of the film actress Christine Clay.
Eben Holden
Eben Holden: A Tale of the North Country is a 1900 novel by Irving Bacheller.  It was a popular book at the time of its release, among the top 10 bestselling books in the United States in both 1900 and 1901.  The book is set in the North Country region of New York.

Bookman list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1900s
This is a list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1900s, as determined by The Bookman, a New York–based literary journal. The list features the most popular novels of each year from 1900 through 1909.

The standards set for inclusion in the lists – which, for example, led to the exclusion of the novels in the Harry Potter series from the lists for the 1990s and 2000s – are currently unknown.
British Gymnastics
British Gymnastics (BG) is the sports governing body for gymnastics disciplines in the United Kingdom including Acrobatic Gymnastics, Aerobic Gymnastics, Disability Gymnastics, Men’s Artistic Gymnastics, Rhythmic Gymnastics, TeamGym, Trampoline, Double Mini Tramp, Tumbling and Women’s Artistic Gymnastics.

It works in partnership with the Home Nations Gymnastics Associations: English Gymnastics, Gymnastics Northern Ireland, Scottish Gymnastics and Welsh Gymnastics.

Para-gymnastics
Para-gymnastics, also known as disability gymnastics and para gymnastics, is a discipline of gymnastics for disabled athletes. It was recognized as an official World Gymnastics discipline in October 2024.
Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier
Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier is a large multipurpose venue in Montreal, Quebec equipped with sophisticated technical equipment. It seats 2,996 people and is part of the Place des Arts cultural complex in Montréal's Quartier des Spectacles entertainment district. It is the largest multipurpose stage in Canada.

It is the home of the Opéra de Montréal, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens, and hosts concerts during the Montreal International Jazz Festival.

Built in 1963 by Hazen Sise, Dimitri Dimakopoulos and Fred Lebensold (of the Montréal architectural partnership Arcop), the theatre was initially called the Grande Salle before being named in honor of the famous head of the Montréal Symphony Orchestra, Wilfrid Pelletier. It is an adaptable venue for all the kinds of large-scale events, such as opera productions, comedy shows, and pop stars, but also including ballet, symphony orchestras, convocations, and Broadway musicals.

Dimitri Dimakopoulos
Dimitri Dimakopoulos CQ RCA (14 September 1929 – 7 November 1995) was a Greek-Canadian architect. He was best known for having been involved in the design of several notable buildings in Downtown Montreal.
Ronald E. McNair High School (California)
Ronald E. McNair High School is a high school in Stockton, California, United States. Opened in August, 2005. it is the newest high school in Lodi Unified School District.  The school is named after Dr. Ronald E. McNair (1950–1986), a physicist and astronaut who died in the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger explosion.

The mission of RMHS is "To ensure that all Ronald McNair students learn, to embrace diversity and a commitment to create a respectful community that develops academic and interpersonal skills".

Lodi Unified School District
Lodi Unified School District is a school district headquartered in Lodi, California. It currently has roughly 28,396 students.

The district includes the following San Joaquin County communities: Lodi, Acampo, Lockeford, Terminous, Victor, and Woodbridge, as well as portions of northern Stockton, most of Morada, and a section of Dogtown.
Cuyapo
Cuyapo [ˌkujaˈpɔ(ʔ)], officially the Municipality of Cuyapo (Ilocano: Ili ti Cuyapo; Pangasinan: Baley na Cuyapo; Tagalog: Bayan ng Cuyapo), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 70,919 people.

Cuyapo is 53 kilometres (33 mi) from Cabanatuan, 67 kilometres (42 mi) from Palayan, and 169 kilometres (105 mi) from Manila.

Paniqui
Paniqui ([pɐnɪˈki]), officially the Municipality of Paniqui (Ilocano: Ili ti Paniqui; Kapampangan: Balen ning Paniqui; Pangasinan: Baley na Paniqui; Tagalog: Bayan ng Paniqui), is a municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 106,190 people.

The town is known as the birthplace of Corazon Aquino, the 11th President of the Philippines.
Edit distance
In computational linguistics and computer science, edit distance is a string metric, i.e. a way of quantifying how dissimilar two strings (e.g., words) are to one another, that is measured by counting the minimum number of operations required to transform one string into the other. Edit distances find applications in natural language processing, where automatic spelling correction can determine candidate corrections for a misspelled word by selecting words from a dictionary that have a low distance to the word in question. In bioinformatics, it can be used to quantify the similarity of DNA sequences, which can be viewed as strings of the letters A, C, G and T.

Different definitions of an edit distance use different sets of like operations. Levenshtein distance operations are the removal, insertion, or substitution of a character in the string. Being the most common metric, the term Levenshtein distance is often used interchangeably with edit distance.

Approximate string matching
In computer science, approximate string matching (often colloquially referred to as fuzzy string searching) is the technique of finding  strings that match a pattern approximately (rather than exactly). The problem of approximate string matching is typically divided into two sub-problems: finding approximate substring matches inside a given string and finding dictionary strings that match the pattern approximately.
Balcatta, Western Australia
Balcatta is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. Its local government area is the City of Stirling. It is a primarily middle-class suburb made up of mainly Italian and Greek families as well as many families from other European countries. It is also one of the largest suburbs in the northern part of the Perth metropolitan area. Much of Balcatta is a commercial and industrial area.

Wanneroo Road
Wanneroo Road is a 44-kilometre (27 mi) arterial highway in the northern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia linking Joondanna and Yokine in the south with Wanneroo and Yanchep in the north. As part of State Route 60, it begins from Charles Street in the inner city and becomes Indian Ocean Drive up to Dongara.

Originally a narrow and often country road with a single lane in each direction it has been periodically widened and (particularly north of Wanneroo) straightened. Around the Carabooda area the road has been realigned. Short sections of the original, narrow road remain providing access to properties and businesses along the road.

The road is also multiplexed with State Routes 81 and 83 for short lengths.
The Palm Wine Drinkard (album)
The Palm Wine Drinkard is the first solo mixtape by rapper Kool A.D., of the rap group Das Racist. Released in January 2012, it is the first of two mixtapes released by Kool A.D. that year, with 51 following in April. The mixtape takes its name from Amos Tutuola's novel The Palm-Wine Drinkard.

Kool A.D.
Victor Vazquez (born November 16, 1983), also known by his stage name Kool A.D., is an American rapper, record producer, author, and artist. He is from the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Vazquez is best known for being a member of the New York-based rap group Das Racist, though he has also been a member of the bands Boy Crisis and Party Animal. Vazquez has also released his own solo material, including numerous mixtapes. Mother Jones magazine described his work as "a thoughtful effort to deconstruct and rearrange cultural objects in ways that challenge our deepest assumptions about society and cultural products".
Eero Kinnunen
Eero Kinnunen (born 2 August 1967) is an Estonian military officer (Colonel).

He has been the commander of Viru Infantry Battalion in the Estonian Defence Forces and Harju military district in the Estonian Defence League. In 2022 he was appointed Estonia's attache to Ukraine.

In 2004 he was awarded with Order of the Cross of the Eagle, V class.

Viru Infantry Battalion
The Viru Infantry Battalion (Estonian: Viru jalaväepataljon) is a battalion of the Estonian Land Forces. It is a part of the 1st Infantry Brigade and its primary task is to train conscription-based infantry and anti-tank units. The battalion has been previously known as the 4th Infantry Regiment and as the 4th Single Infantry Battalion. The battalion is currently based at Jõhvi.
Start codon
The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and archaea and N-formylmethionine (fMet) in bacteria, mitochondria and plastids.

The start codon is often preceded by a 5' untranslated region (5' UTR). In prokaryotes this includes the ribosome binding site.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova
Glikeriya Vasilyevna Bogdanova-Chesnokova (Russian: Глике́рия Васи́льевна Богда́нова-Чесноко́ва; born 13 (26) May 1904 in Saint Petersburg – 17 April 1983 in Leningrad) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actress. People's Artist of the RSFSR (1970).

Mister Iks
Mister Iks (Russian: Мистер Икс) or Mister X is a Soviet Russian-language black-and-white musical comedy film directed by Yuli Khmelnitsky. It is based on the Leningrad Theatre of Musical Comedy operetta of the same name from 1956. The operetta itself was a Russian adaptation of Emmerich Kálmán's Die Zirkusprinzessin (The Circus Princess).

Filming began in 1957, with many of the actors and artists from the Leningrad Theatre working on the film. It premiered in the Soviet Union and other countries on May 2, 1958.
Moscow City Duma District 7
Moscow City Duma District 7 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers inner parts of Northern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Darya Borisova, a patriotic education centre director, who succeeded retiring one-term Yabloko incumbent and foreign agent Darya Besedina, redistricted there from District 8.

2024 Moscow City Duma election
The 2024 Moscow City Duma election took place on 6–8 September 2024, on common election day. All 45 seats in the City Duma were up for reelection.

United Russia won a resounding victory in the election, winning 38 seats and doubling its faction, after standing its candidates as Independents last cycle. Other parties represented in the Moscow City Duma, including Communist Party of the Russian Federation and A Just Russia – For Truth, suffered heavy losses with Yabloko losing its entire four-member delegation after failing to collect enough signatures for any of its candidates (including two incumbents). New People entered the Duma for the first time with a single deputy. While Liberal Democratic Party of Russia failed to win any seat on their own, two LDPR-aligned Independents got elected (although both were members of United Russia at the time of the election).