hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Associated Press v. Meltwater U.S. Holdings, Inc.
Associated Press v. Meltwater U.S. Holdings, Inc. (S.D.N.Y. March 21, 2013) was a district court case in which the Associated Press (AP) brought suit against Meltwater Group in U.S. (Meltwater) for clipping and sharing news items under copyright infringement and "hot news" misappropriation under New York common law. In a cross-motion for summary judgement, Meltwater argued they were not infringing under the requirements of fair use. Meltwater claimed that their service was transformative and therefore non-infringing on copyright. The court held that Meltwater's copying was not protected under the fair use doctrine and it was infringing on AP's copyright.

A parallel case filed on the same grounds in the UK, however, was decided the other way in 2013 (in favor of Meltwater and against the equivalent newspaper licensing business) by the UK Supreme Court, subject to questions referred to the European Court of Justice and intended to clarify matters of a cross-border nature.

Robots.txt
robots.txt is the filename used for implementing the Robots Exclusion Protocol, a standard used by websites to indicate to visiting web crawlers and other web robots which portions of the website they are allowed to visit.

The standard, developed in 1994, relies on voluntary compliance. Malicious bots can use the file as a directory of which pages to visit, though standards bodies discourage countering this with security through obscurity. Some archival sites ignore robots.txt. The standard was used in the 1990s to mitigate server overload. In the 2020s, websites began denying bots that collect information for generative artificial intelligence.

The "robots.txt" file can be used in conjunction with sitemaps, another robot inclusion standard for websites.
Death Takes a Holiday (musical)
Death Takes a Holiday is a musical with music and lyrics by Maury Yeston and a book by Peter Stone and Thomas Meehan. It is adapted from the 1924 Italian play La Morte in Vacanza by Alberto Casella, which was translated in English for Broadway in 1929 by Walter Ferris. The play was previously was adapted into a 1934 film of the same name starring Fredric March, which was remade in 1998 as Meet Joe Black. The story follows the personification of Death, who takes the form of a handsome young prince to understand human emotion. He falls in love with an engaged young woman and learns about love and sacrifice.

The show played off-Broadway for a limited run in the summer of 2011 in a production by Roundabout Theatre Company and received eleven nominations for the 2011–12 Drama Desk Awards, though it did not win any. It was listed by Time magazine as one of the Top Ten Musicals of the season. The production garnered mixed reviews. An Off West End production played in 2017.

Max von Essen
Max von Essen (born January 11, 1974) is an American Tony Award nominated stage and screen actor, and vocalist. His Broadway credits include roles in An American in Paris, Anastasia, Evita, and Chicago. He also starred as Marvin in the United States national tour of Falsettos.
Hume Bank
Hume Bank is an Australian bank. Headquartered in Albury, New South Wales, it is a customer-owned bank that started as a building society in 1955. Its business focus is on retail banking and assisting local economic development.

Albury
Albury (/ˈɔːlbəri/ ALL-bree; Wiradjuri: Bungambrawatha) is a major regional city located in the Murray region of New South Wales, Australia. It is part of the twin city of Albury-Wodonga, situated on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name – the City of Albury. It is on the Victoria–New South Wales border.

Albury has an urban population of 53,677 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga, by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 97,793 in 2021. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.

Said to be named after a village in England, United Kingdom, Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946.
Inamori Foundation
The Inamori Foundation is a private foundation known for its annual announcement of the Kyoto Prize, founded by Kazuo Inamori in 1984. It reflects "the lifelong beliefs of its founder that people have no higher calling than to strive for the greater good of humankind and society and that the future of humanity can be assured only when there is a balance between scientific development and the enrichment of the human spirit." It has an endowment of 114.5 billion yen as of March 31, 2019. The honorary president of the foundation is Princess Takamado.

Hisako, Princess Takamado
Hisako, Princess Takamado (憲仁親王妃久子, Norihito Shinnōhi Hisako) (born Hisako Tottori (鳥取久子, Tottori Hisako); 10 July 1953), is a member of the Japanese imperial family as the widow of Norihito, Prince Takamado.
Robert Kazinsky
Robert John Appleby (born 18 November 1983), known professionally as Robert Kazinsky, is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Casper Rose in the Sky One drama Dream Team (2005–2006) and Sean Slater in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (2006–2009, 2019, 2021, 2022). In 2013, he portrayed Chuck Hansen in Pacific Rim and Macklyn Warlow in the sixth season of HBO's True Blood. In 2016, he played Orgrim Doomhammer in Warcraft and Jimmy Pritchard in the Fox television series Second Chance. In 2019, he appeared as the Don in Captain Marvel.

True Blood season 6
The sixth season of the HBO supernatural drama series True Blood premiered on June 16, 2013. The season had an abbreviated run of ten episodes, as opposed to the usual twelve, partially to accommodate the pregnancy of lead actress Anna Paquin. It is also the first season not to be primarily based on the corresponding novel in The Southern Vampire Mysteries series (in this case Definitely Dead), instead taking elements from multiple books in the series.
Inter praecipuas machinationes
Inter praecipuas machinationes, or On Biblical Societies, was an encyclical issued by Pope Gregory XVI on 8 May 1844, condemning Protestant translations of the Bible.

Following the examples of Pius VII, Leo XII, and Pius VIII, Gregory condemns Bible societies for their distribution of unapproved Bible editions. He accuses the Christian League, in New York, of "inciting sedition", converting Catholic Italian immigrants to Protestantism by encouraging them to form their own interpretations of the Bible.

Many American Protestants saw Gregory's position as conceding that Catholic doctrines were unbiblical. Protestant groups like the Plymouth Brethren took the encyclical as evidence that Catholic countries were in need of their missionary labor.

Bible society
A Bible society is a non-profit organization, usually nondenominational in makeup, devoted to translating, publishing, and distributing the Bible at affordable prices.  In recent years they also are increasingly involved in advocating its credibility and trustworthiness in contemporary cultural life.  Traditionally Bible society editions contain scripture, without any doctrinal notes or comments, although they may include non-sectarian notes on alternate translations of words, or variations in the different available manuscripts.
Gorō Mutsumi
Gorō Mutsumi (睦五朗 or 睦五郎, Mutsumi Gorō, also credited as Goro Mutsu, September 11, 1934 – June 5, 2021 (claimed)) was a Japanese actor with more than 30 films to his credit. He has also appeared in numerous television shows, especially jidaigeki, in which he specializes in villains, and in tokusatsu. In addition, he is a stage and voice actor with prominent roles in narration, dubbing, and anime.

Minbo
Minbo (ミンボーの女, Minbō no Onna) is a 1992 Japanese film by filmmaker Juzo Itami. It is also known by the titles Minbo: the Gentle Art of Japanese Extortion, The Gangster's Moll and The Anti-Extortion Woman. The film was widely popular in Japan and a critical success internationally. It satirizes the yakuza, who retaliated for their portrayal in the film by attacking the director.
K. Suryanarayana Adiga
Kakkunje Suryanarayana Adiga (5 November 1914 – 23 April 1989) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as a member of the Mysore Legislative Council from 1966 to 1971. He was the Chairman of Karnataka Bank from 1958 to 1979. He is paternal grand father of Aravind Adiga.

Karnataka Bank
Karnataka Bank Limited is an Indian private sector bank based in Mangalore. It is an 'A' Class Scheduled Commercial Bank with a network of 957 branches, 1188 ATMs & Cash recyclers and 588 e-lobbies/mini e-lobbies across 22 states and 2 union territories. It has 8,652 employees and over 11 million customers throughout the country. Its shares are listed on the NSE and BSE. The tagline of the bank is "Your Family Bank Across India."

Karnataka Bank Limited has adopted core banking, internet banking and has established its "MoneyPlant" (1187 ATMs & Cash recyclers and 586 e-lobbies/mini e-lobbies) ATM system across the country.
East Flatbush, Brooklyn
East Flatbush is a residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. East Flatbush is bounded by Crown Heights and Empire Boulevard to the north; Brownsville and East 98th Street to the east; Flatlands, Canarsie and the Long Island Rail Road's Bay Ridge Branch to the south; and the neighborhood of Flatbush and New York Avenue to the west. East Flatbush is a predominantly black neighborhood of African American and Afro-Caribbeans  and has a population of 135,619 as of the 2010 United States census.

East Flatbush is part of Brooklyn Community District 17, and its primary ZIP Code is 11203. It is patrolled by the 67th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically it is represented by the New York City Council's 40th, 41st, and 45th Districts.

SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
The SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (formerly The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn) is a public medical school in Brooklyn, New York City. The university includes the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, School of Health Professions, School of Graduate Studies and School of Public Health.

It is one of seven medical schools located in New York City and the sole medical school in the borough of Brooklyn, serving its 2.6 million residents.
Afrozomus machadoi
Afrozomus machadoi is a species of arachnid belonging to the family Hubbardiidae in the order Schizomida, which are commonly known as short-tailed whip scorpions. It is the only identified species in the genus Afrozomus.

Schizomida
Schizomida, also known as sprickets or short-tailed whip-scorpions, is an order of arachnids, generally less than 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in length. The order is not yet widely studied. E. O. Wilson has identified schizomids as among the "groups of organisms that desperately need experts to work on them."
José O'Callaghan Martínez
José O'Callaghan Martínez, SJ (October 7, 1922 – December 15, 2001)  was a Spanish Jesuit priest,  papyrologist and Biblical scholar.

He is known for his extensive work on Christian papyri and for the identification of the 7Q5 papyrus of Qumran with a text of Mark 6:52–53.

Mark 6
Mark 6 is the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. In this chapter, Jesus goes to Nazareth and experiences rejection by his own family. He then sends his Apostles in pairs to various cities in the region, where they might also face rejection. Finally, Jesus goes back to the Sea of Galilee and performs some of his most famous miracles, including the feeding of the 5,000 and walking on water. This chapter also gives an account of the murder of John the Baptist.
Metabass'n'Breath
Metabass'n'Breath are an Australian hip-hop group from Sydney. The group were formed by Elf Tranzporter, Morganics and Baba Israel after they met while busking. They recorded two albums and toured America twice.

The group self-released their debut album, Seek in 1997 followed by several mix tapes, EPs and 12" singles culminating in the full-length release Life and Times of a Beatboxer.

Elf Tranzporter
Marlon Porter, known professionally as Elf Tranzporter, is an American-born Australian rapper. Originally from Los Angeles, he is now based in Melbourne, Australia. He was a founding member of Metabass'n'Breath and is now a part of Combat Wombat and San Francisco based Heavyweight Dub Champion. He released his debut solo album Ethereal Lotus Fleet in 2007. Elf Tranzporter has worked as an actor, appearing in the "a hip-hop morality play" DiaTribe, playing Death. Elf Tranzporter also works in remote Australian Aboriginal communities encouraging youth to get in touch with their inner MC.
Christopher Denham
Christopher Denham is an American actor and director. He is known for supporting roles in Oppenheimer, Shutter Island, Argo, Being the Ricardos, Charlie Wilson's War and Sound of My Voice. Television credits include For All Mankind, Billions, Shining Girls opposite Elisabeth Moss, and Amazon Prime's Utopia, created by Gillian Flynn. Denham has appeared on Broadway in Master Harold...and the Boys, Martin McDonagh's The Lieutenant of Inishmore and David Mamet's China Doll, opposite Al Pacino. In 2025, he co-starred opposite George Clooney in the Broadway adaptation of Good Night and Good Luck, directed by David Cromer.

Good Night, and Good Luck (play)
Good Night, and Good Luck is a historical drama play written by George Clooney and Grant Heslov. It is adapted from their 2005 film and focuses on the conflict between veteran CBS journalist Edward R. Murrow and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy. The play's Broadway premiere in March 2025, directed by David Cromer, starred Clooney as Murrow, making his Broadway debut.

The play received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising its themes, direction, lead performance and scenic design, though some questioned its use of projections and whether it improved on the film. The production has enjoyed strong box office returns. It was nominated for five Tony Awards, including best actor for Clooney and four design awards.

The June 7 performance was broadcast live on CNN and CNN International and streamed live, becoming the first Broadway production to be aired live on television. The final performance of the play was on June 8, 2025.
Príncipe sunbird
The Príncipe sunbird (Anabathmis hartlaubii) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the island of Príncipe, part of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe which lies off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea.

Príncipe
Príncipe (/ˈprɪnsɪpə, -peɪ/; Portuguese: [ˈpɾĩsɨpɨ]) is the smaller, northern major island of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. It has an area of 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi) (including offshore islets) and a population of 7,324 at the 2012 Census; the latest official estimate (at May 2018) was 8,420. The island is a heavily eroded volcano speculated to be over three million years old, surrounded by smaller islands including Ilheu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Tinhosa Grande and Tinhosa Pequena. Part of the Cameroon Line archipelago, Príncipe rises in the south to 947 metres at Pico do Príncipe. The island is the main constituent of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe, established in 1995, and of the coterminous district of Pagué.
Sarıtepe, Siirt
Sarıtepe (Kurdish: Madar) is a village in the Siirt District of Siirt Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 249 in 2021.

The hamlets of Karakuyu, Kayacık and Toraklı (Şarno) are attached to the village.

Siirt District
Siirt District (also: Merkez, meaning "central" in Turkish) is a district of Siirt Province in Turkey. The municipality of Siirt is its seat. The district had a population of 172,824 in 2021. Its area is 633 km2.
Seán Heuston
Seán Heuston (/ˈhjuːstən/ ⓘ HEW-stən; Irish: Seán Mac Aodha; born John Joseph Heuston; 21 February 1891 – 8 May 1916) was an Irish republican rebel and member of Fianna Éireann who took part in the Easter Rising of 1916. With about 20 Volunteers, he held the Mendicity Institution on the River Liffey for over two days, though it was originally only intended to be held for 3–4 hours. He was executed by firing squad on 8 May in Kilmainham Gaol. His court-martial record at Kew spells his name as Hewston J.J..

Mendicity Institution
The Mendicity Institution is a charity in Dublin, Ireland, which is also one of Dublin's oldest charities. It operates from its premises at Moira House, Island Street, to the south of Usher's Island, its former location and continues its charitable work, including providing meals and rooms to Dublin's needy.

The word 'mendicity' comes from 'mendicant', an archaic term for a beggar or needy person.
Elizabeth Fish
Elizabeth Mary Jane Fish (22 December 1860 – 21 March 1944) was a schoolteacher and the first elected woman president of the Educational Institute of Scotland, the oldest teachers' trade union in the world.

Educational Institute of Scotland
The Educational Institute of Scotland (EIS) is the oldest teachers' trade union in the world, having been founded in 1847 when dominies became concerned about the effect of changes to the system of education in Scotland on their professional status.  The EIS is the largest teaching union in Scotland, representing 80% of the country's teachers and lecturers. As of 2022 it has 56,342 members.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs, PETs, or PNETs), often referred to as "islet cell tumours", or "pancreatic endocrine tumours" are neuroendocrine neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous system within the pancreas.

PanNETs are a type of neuroendocrine tumor, representing about one-third of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Many PanNETs are benign, while some are malignant. Aggressive PanNET tumors have traditionally been termed "islet cell carcinoma".

PanNETs are quite distinct from the usual form of pancreatic cancer, the majority of which are adenocarcinomas, which arise in the exocrine pancreas. Only 1 or 2% of clinically significant pancreas neoplasms are PanNETs.

Everolimus
Everolimus, sold under the brand name Afinitor among others, is a medication used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants and as a targeted therapy in the treatment of renal cell cancer and other tumours.

This compound also has a use in cardiovascular drug-eluting stent technologies to inhibit restenosis.

It is the 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl) derivative of sirolimus and works similarly to sirolimus as an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

It is marketed by Novartis under the trade names Zortress (US) and Certican (European Union and other countries) in transplantation medicine, and as Afinitor (general tumours) and Votubia (tumours as a result of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)) in oncology.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.
Linus Johansson
Linus Johansson (born 30 November 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for Färjestad BK in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

Johansson played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) after serving as captain in his first tenure with Färjestad BK of the SHL.

Färjestad BK
Färjestad Bollklubb (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈfæ̌rjɛsta]; abbreviated as FBK) is a Swedish professional ice hockey team based in Karlstad.

Färjestad has had 21 Swedish Championship final appearances, winning ten times since the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien) was started in 1975, making them the most successful SHL club in history. The team plays in the highest Swedish league and have done so since 1965. Following Brynäs IF's relegation to HockeyAllsvenskan in 2023, Färjestad is the only team to have constantly played in the current top tier of Swedish hockey, the SHL, since it was started in 1975. They reached the SHL championship finals for six consecutive seasons (2001–2006), winning the championship two times. They are featured rivals with Djurgårdens IF, Frölunda HC, and HV71.
Institute of Optronics
The Institute of Optronics (shortened as IOP) was a military funded research and development institute located in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

Established in 1984 by the Ministry of Defence (MoD), the Institute of Optronics (IOP) conducted research on military lasers, optoelectronics and photonics to support the capabilities of the Pakistan Armed Forces.

After a reorganization within the Ministry of Defence Production in 2020, the IOP was merged into the newly formed Research and Development Establishment.

Ministry of Defence Production (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Defence Production (Urdu: وزارت دفاعی پيداوار; Trans.: Wazarat-e-Defai Padawar) abbreviated as MoDP, is an executive ministry of the federal Government of Pakistan with objectives of development and production of ordnance and machinery for the Pakistan Armed Forces.

Established as a separate ministry from its parent agency, Ministry of Defence in 2004, the MoDP oversees the development of conventional military weapons system through its separately funded organizations.
Brampton Battalion
The Brampton Battalion were a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. The team was based in Brampton, Ontario, Canada and started playing in 1998. As a result of consistently having among the lowest attendance in the OHL (last place in the OHL for its final four seasons), the team was relocated to North Bay, Ontario for the 2013–14 OHL season.

Evgeny Grachyov
Yevgeni Igorevich Grachyov (Russian: Евге́ний И́горевич Грачё́в; born February 21, 1990), also known as Evgeny Grachev, is a Russian professional ice hockey centreman who is currently playing for Amur Khabarovsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was drafted into the National Hockey League (NHL) by the New York Rangers in 2008, playing 34 games in the NHL for both the Rangers and St. Louis Blues between 2010 and 2012 prior to joining the KHL.
Melissa-Jane Daniel
Melissa-Jane Daniel (born 19 August 1988) is a British archer who is currently studying for a degree in Sociology at The University of Nottingham.

Daniel, born in Preston, Lancashire, is a member of the Bowmen of Skelmersdale and has been a participant in the sport of archery since the age of six. She currently holds seven Regional (Lancashire) Records, along with four National Records in Clout Archery, five National Records in Flight archery and 5 National Records in Target archery.

She also holds five World Records in Flight Archery, two of which were claimed on her 18th Birthday at the National Flight Championships held at RAF Church Fenton on 19 August 2006.

Skelmersdale
Skelmersdale /ˈskɛlmərzdeɪl/ is a town in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. It sits on the River Tawd, 6 miles (10 km) west of Wigan, 13 miles (21 km) north-east of Liverpool and 15 miles (24 km) south-west of Preston. In 2006, it had a population of 38,813. The town is known locally as Skem /ˈskɛm/.

While the first record of the town is in the Domesday Book of 1086, much of the town, including the current town centre, was developed as a second wave new town in the 1960s. The town's initial development as a coal town coincided with the Industrial Revolution  in the 19th century; the town lies on the Lancashire Coalfield.