hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 Philippine Super Liga All-Filipino Conference
The 2015 Philippine Super Liga All-Filipino Conference (also known as the 2015 PLDT Home Ultera Philippine Super Liga All-Filipino Conference due to sponsorship reasons) was the fifth conference of the Philippine Super Liga and the first conference of the 2015 season. The conference began on March 21, 2015 at the Mall of Asia Arena and ended on May 14, 2015 at the Cuneta Astrodome.

The former Generika Lifesavers became Shopinas.com Lady Clickers, the original Mane 'n Tail Lady Stallions were renamed Philips Gold Lady Slammers and a new team assumed the Mane 'n Tail name, while RC Cola did not participate. The Petron Blaze Spikers became the first team to sweep a PSL tournament with a 13–0 record and claim the All-Filipino championship, its second consecutive PSL title.

Petron Blaze Spikers
The Petron Blaze Spikers were a women's volleyball team in the Philippines owned by Petron Corporation. The team competed in the Philippine Super Liga (PSL) from 2013 to 2020. The Blaze Spikers were one of the most successful teams in the PSL with six championships and 15 podium finishes overall.

After the cancellation of the 2020 season of the PSL due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Petron took a leave of absence from the league and released all its players. The team also didn't make the jump to the professional Premier Volleyball League in 2021.
Erika Renee Land
Erika Renee Land (born August 9, 1983) is an American war poet, 2021 MacDowell Fellow, author, spoken word performer, and motivational speaker. She has published two poetry collections that chronicle her experiences as a pharmacy technician while helping the Global War on Terrorism efforts, several lesbian fiction novels, and academic articles.

War poetry
War poetry is poetry on the topic of war. While the term is applied especially to works of the First World War, the term can be applied to poetry about any war, including Homer's Iliad, from around the 8th century BC as well as poetry of the American Civil War, the Spanish Civil War, the Crimean War and other wars. War poets may be combatants or noncombatants.
Moscow Distillery Crystal
Joint-Stock Company Moscow Distillery Crystal (Russian: Открытое акционерное общество "Московский завод «Кристалл», lit. 'Okrytkoye aktsionernoye obshchestvo 'Moskovsky zavod "Kristall"'), formerly known as Moscow State Wine Warehouse No. 1, is a distillery in Moscow, Russia, known for producing traditional Russian vodka. Founded in 1901 as a state-sanctioned distillery, Kristall is the largest liquor and vodka enterprise in Russia, and is best known internationally as the birthplace of the Stolichnaya vodka brand.

Stolichnaya
Stolichnaya (Russian: Столичная) is a vodka made of wheat and rye grain. It originated in the Soviet Union in 1938. There are two versions of the vodka: the version found outside Russia is made in Latvia, while the version found inside Russia is made there. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union the ownership of Stolichnaya has been disputed between the Russian state-owned company FKP Soyuzplodoimport and SPI Group, a private company chartered in Luxembourg. SPI Group have sold their version as Stoli since 2022.
Richmond and Northallerton
Richmond and Northallerton is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Further to the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election, when it was won by Rishi Sunak, who was at the time leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Sunak previously represented the predecessor seat of Richmond (Yorks) from 2015 to 2024.

The constituency is named after the North Yorkshire towns of Richmond and Northallerton.

2023 review of Westminster constituencies
The 2023 review of Westminster constituencies was the most recent cycle of the process to redraw the constituency map for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The new constituency boundaries were approved by the Privy Council on 15 November 2023 and came into law on 29 November. It is the first review of Westminster boundaries to be successfully implemented since 2010.

These constituencies were first contested at the 2024 general election.
Kandola Khurd
Kandola Khurd is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 10.4 km away from Nurmahal, 14 km from Phillaur, 35.4 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 124 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch, who is an elected representative.

Nurmahal
NurMahal or Noor Mahal is a city and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is a small city located between Nakodar - Phillaur Road in Punjab. This town is also connected with the nearby towns of Phillaur and Nakodar by a road going along the railway lines. Nurmahal is situated 13 km from Nakodar, 16 km from Phillaur, 33 km from Jalandhar.
And Many more villages are close by to Nurmahal.
Craig Doerge
Craig Doerge (/ˈdɜːrɡi/; born December 4, 1944) is an American keyboard player, session musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known for his keyboard work with Crosby Stills and Nash, James Taylor, and Jackson Browne.

The GTOs
The GTOs (Girls Together Outrageously) were an all-girl group from the Los Angeles area, specifically the Sunset Strip scene. The group was active for two and a half years (1968–1970), followed by one reunion performance in 1974. Their only album, Permanent Damage, was produced by Frank Zappa and released in 1969. The group has been described as associated with the Los Angeles freak scene.
Pamela (paintings)
Pamela is a series of twelve paintings by the English artist Joseph Highmore, produced between 1741 and 1743 as the basis for a set of prints. They are free adaptations of scenes from the novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded by Samuel Richardson. They are now divided equally between the National Gallery of Victoria, the Fitzwilliam Museum and Tate Britain.

Joseph Highmore
Joseph Highmore (13 June 1692 – 3 March 1780) was an English painter of portraits, conversation pieces and history subjects, illustrator and writer. After retiring from his career as a painter at the age of 70, he published art historical and critical articles.
Coutarea
Coutarea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is native to southern Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indies.

These plants are woody trees and shrubs with oppositely arranged leaves and terminal inflorescences. The large, showy flowers are white, pink, red, or purplish, sometimes with whitish or greenish markings. The fruit is a woody, flattened capsule, containing seeds with large wings.

Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae (/ruːbiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -siˌaɪ/) is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 14,200 species in about 615 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family by number of species. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include  Coffea, the source of coffee; Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine; ornamental cultivars (e.g., Gardenia, Ixora, Pentas); and historically some dye plants (e.g., Rubia).
Daisy Ridley
Daisy Jazz Isobel Ridley (born 10 April 1992) is an English actress. She rose to prominence for her role as Rey in the Star Wars sequel trilogy from 2015 until 2019. Following the Star Wars films, Ridley appeared in the mystery film Murder on the Orient Express (2017), and played Ophelia in the romantic drama Ophelia (2018). She had voice roles in the animated film Peter Rabbit (2018) and the video game Twelve Minutes (2021). She subsequently had leading roles in the science-fiction film Chaos Walking (2021), the independent drama Sometimes I Think About Dying (2023), and the psychological thriller The Marsh King's Daughter (2023). She also portrayed Gertrude Ederle in the biographical drama Young Woman and the Sea (2024).

Tom Bateman (actor)
Thomas Jonathan Bateman (born 15 March 1989) is a British actor best known for his roles as Giuliano de' Medici in the Starz historical fantasy drama series Da Vinci's Demons (2013–2015), as Bouc in the mystery films Murder on the Orient Express (2017) and Death on the Nile (2022), and as Matt Pierce in the Peacock comedy thriller Based on a True Story (2023).
You Save Me
"You Save Me" is a song written by Brett James and Troy Verges and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released on August 14, 2006, as the fourth single from Chesney’s 2005 album The Road and the Radio. The song peaked at number 3 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The Road and the Radio
The Road and the Radio is the tenth studio album by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released on November 8, 2005, through BNA Records. The album debuted at number one on the US Top Country Albums and US Billboard 200 charts.
Woyzeck
Woyzeck (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔʏtsɛk]) is a stage play written by Georg Büchner. Büchner wrote the play between July and October 1836, yet left it incomplete at his death in February 1837. The play first appeared in 1877 in a heavily edited version by Karl Emil Franzos, and was first performed at the Residence Theatre in Munich on 8 November 1913.

Since then, Woyzeck has become one of the most influential and most often-performed German plays. Due to its unfinished nature, the play has inspired many diverging adaptations.

Georg Büchner
Karl Georg Büchner (17 October 1813 – 19 February 1837) was a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose, considered part of the Young Germany movement. He was also a revolutionary and the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig Büchner. His literary achievements, though limited, are generally held in great esteem in Germany. Despite his brief career, his plays profoundly influenced naturalism, expressionism, and later developments in European theater.

At the age of 21, Büchner, with others, wrote a pamphlet entitled The Hessian Courier that has been called the most revolutionary manifesto of the nineteenth century before The Communist Manifesto.
General Toshevo
General Toshevo (Bulgarian: Генерал Тошево [ɡɛnɛˈraɫ ˈtɔʃɛvo]; Romanian: Casim) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Dobrich Province. Located in the historic region of Southern Dobruja, it is the administrative centre of the homonymous municipality and was named after the noted Bulgarian General Stefan Toshev. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 7,130.

Dobrich Province
43°35′N 28°0′E﻿ / ﻿43.583°N 28.000°E﻿ / 43.583; 28.000

Dobrich Province (Bulgarian: Област Добрич, Oblast Dobrich, former name Dobrich okrug) is a province in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Southern Dobruja geographical region. It is bounded on the east by the Black Sea, on the south by Varna Province, on the west by Shumen and Silistra provinces, and on the north by Romania. It is divided into eight municipalities. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 186,016.
The province was part of Romania between 1913 and 1940.
Tankhuwa
Tankhuwa  is a village development committee in Dhankuta District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4163 people living in 761 individual households.

Dhankuta District
Dhankuta District (Nepali: धनकुटा जिल्ला) (Listenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district covers an area of 891 km2 (344 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 163,412. The hill town of Dhankuta serves as the district headquarters of Dhankuta District.
Larkin Covered Bridge (Chester Springs, Pennsylvania)
The Larkin Covered Bridge is a 60-foot-long (18 m), Burr truss wooden covered bridge that is located outside of Chester Springs, Chester County, Pennsylvania, near the village of Eagle. The bridge, which originally crossed over Marsh Creek, now spans a dry ditch and is a feature of the Upper Uwchlan Township trail system.

Upper Uwchlan Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Uwchlan Township (/ˈjuːklən/; [ˈɪuxlan]) is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 11,227 at the 2010 census. The township included the community of Milford Mills before it was inundated by the creation of the Marsh Creek Dam in 1972.

The main population center of the township has grown surrounding the historic Eagle Tavern at the intersection of Route 100 and Little Conestoga Road.  This major unincorporated community is known as the village of Eagle, but also sometimes known as Uwchlan.  That is the address of the local post office.
Zhabokrych
Zhabokrych (Ukrainian: Жабокрич, Polish: Żabokrzycz) is a village in Ukraine's Podolia region in present-day Tulchyn Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast, about 290 kilometres (180 miles) northwest of Odesa. It is located in the historic region of Podolia, 11 kilometres (7 mi) from Kryzhopil.

The town name means frog croak and the climate is continental.

Tulchyn Raion
Tulchyn Raion (Ukrainian: Тульчинський район) is one of the six raions (districts) of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the town of Tulchyn. Population: 149,429 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Vinnytsia Oblast was reduced to six, and the area of Tulchyn Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 53,426 (2020 est.).
Nicolai (crater)
Nicolai is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southern hemisphere of the Moon, in a region that is less disturbed by significant impacts than most of the highlands. The nearest craters of note are Spallanzani to the south, and the much larger Maurolycus and Barocius to the east. The crater is named after the 19th-century German astronomer Friedrich Bernhard Gottfried Nicolai. It is 42 kilometers in diameter and reaches a depth of 1.8 kilometers.

The outer wall of this crater is worn, with a number of tiny craterlets lying along the rim. The most notable of these is a tiny crater located across the northern rim. The satellite crater Nicolai B is attached to the exterior of the southwest rim. The inner walls slope down relatively smoothly to the flat interior floor filled with lava. The only marking on the inner surface is a tiny craterlet in the northern part of the crater. Nicolai is from the Nectarian period, which lasted from 3.92 billion to 3.85 billion years ago.

Friedrich Bernhard Gottfried Nicolai
Friedrich Bernhard Gottfried Nicolai (25 October 1793 – 4 July 1846) was a German astronomer.

Born in Braunschweig, Nicolai was educated at Göttingen. In 1812, he calculated the Euler–Mascheroni constant to 40 decimal places. In 1816, he joined the Mannheim observatory where he became the director.

The crater Nicolai on the Moon is named after him.
Bob Schroeder
Robert Schroeder (born February 16, 1960) is an American businessman, Republican Party politician, and convicted felon who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2010 to 2014, where he represented the 39th Legislative District, having taken the seat of retiring incumbent John E. Rooney.

New Jersey's 39th legislative district
New Jersey's 39th legislative district is one of 40 in the state, including portions of Bergen County. Included are the Bergen County municipalities of Allendale, Alpine, Cresskill, Closter, Demarest, Dumont, Emerson, Harrington Park, Haworth, Hillsdale, Ho-Ho-Kus, Mahwah, Midland Park, Montvale, Northvale, Norwood, Oakland, Old Tappan, Park Ridge, Ramsey, River Vale, Rockleigh, Saddle River, Upper Saddle River, Waldwick, Washington Township, Westwood, and Woodcliff Lake.
Berkshire Mall (Pennsylvania)
Berkshire Mall is an enclosed shopping mall in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, a suburb to the west of Reading in Berks County. Berkshire Mall is accessible from US 222/US 422 (Warren Street Bypass) at the Paper Mill Road interchange or the State Hill Road interchange. The main entrances to the mall are located along Woodland Road or State Hill Road. The mall first opened on February 10, 1970 and currently features Boscov's.

Wyomissing, Pennsylvania
Wyomissing /waɪəˈmɪsɪŋ/ is a borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States, adjacent to Reading. The borough was incorporated on July 2, 1906. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,114, compared to 10,461 at the 2010 census. The growth was significantly larger between 2000 and 2010 largely because of its merger in January 2002 with neighboring Wyomissing Hills. Wyomissing is the most populous borough in Berks County.

The borough is recognized as a Tree City USA and selected as a "Contender" for the best places to live in Pennsylvania by Money magazine.
Rainer Maria Latzke
Rainer Maria Latzke (born 28 December 1950) is a German artist working in the field of trompe-l'œil and mural painting. He taught at the Utah State University and is founder of the Institute of Frescography. Latzke is Honorary Professor of the Fudan University, Shanghai and Guest Professor of the Shanghai Institute of Visual Art 
. Latzke was ranked one of the 12 cultural trendsetters of the 1990s by Forbes and one of the world's best artists of the last four centuries by the Artists Trade Union of Russia. He is a cousin of  Poland´s wealthiest entrepreneur Jan Kulczyk.

Trompe-l'œil
Trompe-l'œil (French for 'deceive the eye'; /trɒmpˈlɔɪ/ tromp-LOY; French: [tʁɔ̃p lœj] ⓘ) is an artistic technique that creates a highly realistic optical illusion of three-dimensional space and objects on a two-dimensional surface. Trompe-l'œil, which is most often associated with painting, tricks the viewer into perceiving painted objects or spaces as real. Forced perspective is a related illusion in architecture, and Op art a modern style mostly dealing with geometric patterns.
Brock Phillips
Brock Phillips is a Canadian country music singer-songwriter from Langley, British Columbia. He is currently signed to Local Hay Records. His debut single "Something Else" charted in the top fifteen of the Billboard Canada Country chart.

Langley, British Columbia (city)
The City of Langley, commonly referred to as Langley City, or just Langley, is a municipality in the Metro Vancouver Regional District in British Columbia, Canada. It lies directly east of Surrey, adjacent to the Cloverdale area, and is surrounded elsewhere by the Township of Langley, bordered by its neighbourhoods of Willowbrook to the north, Murrayville to the east, and Brookswood and Fern Ridge to the south.
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy—and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is attenuation of the radiation; attenuation is the gradual reduction of the intensity of light waves as they propagate through a medium.

Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (optics) the medium's transparency changes by a factor that varies as a function of wave intensity, and saturable absorption (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.

Saturable absorption
Saturable absorption is a property of materials where the absorption of light decreases with increasing light intensity.  Most materials show some saturable absorption, but often only at very high optical intensities (close to the optical damage). At sufficiently high incident light intensity, the ground state of a saturable absorber material is excited into an upper energy state at such a rate that there is insufficient time for it to decay back to the ground state before the ground state becomes depleted, causing the absorption to saturate. The key parameters for a saturable absorber are its wavelength range (where in the electromagnetic spectrum it absorbs), its dynamic response (how fast it recovers), and its saturation intensity and fluence (at what intensity or pulse energy it saturates).

Saturable absorber materials are useful in laser cavities. For instance, they are commonly used for passive Q-switching.
Oliver Stewart
Major Oliver Stewart MC AFC (1896-1976) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. Post war, he had a long and distinguished career as a writer. His parents were Thomas Gibson Bowles and Rita Shell.

Thomas Gibson Bowles
Thomas Gibson Bowles (15 January 1841 – 12 January 1922) was a British politician and publisher. He founded the magazines The Lady and Vanity Fair, and became a Member of Parliament in 1892. He was also the maternal grandfather of the Mitford sisters.
Time Travel Girl
Time Travel Girl: Mari, Waka, and the Eight Scientists (タイムトラベル少女～マリ・ワカと8人の科学者たち～, Taimu Toraberu Shōjo: Mari Waka to Hachi-nin no Kagakusha-tachi) is an educational anime television series directed by Osamu Yamasaki and produced by WAO World. Based on the 1983 book by Japanese educator Kiyonobu Itakura. The anime aired between July 9, 2016 and September 24, 2016 and was simulcast by Funimation. Later it was confirmed that Crunchyroll added the series alongside Three Leaves, Three Colors and Omamori Himari on their catalog since December 21, 2016.

Three Leaves, Three Colors
Three Leaves, Three Colors (Japanese: 三者三葉, Hepburn: Sansha San'yō; lit. "Tripartite Trefoil") is a Japanese four-panel manga series by Cherry Arai, serialized in Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara magazine since February 2003 and fourteen tankōbon volumes have been collected so far. An anime adaptation by Doga Kobo aired from April to June 2016.
Gloria Kossak
Gloria Kossak (1941–1991), Polish painter and poet, was a daughter of painter Jerzy Kossak and granddaughter of another renowned Polish painter, Wojciech Kossak, himself the son of Juliusz Kossak, the progenitor of the entire Kossak family of artists and writers, and precursor of a Polish school of battle-scene painting.

Juliusz Kossak
Juliusz Fortunat Kossak (15 December 1824 – 3 February 1899) was a Polish historical painter and master illustrator who specialized in battle scenes, military portraits and horses.  He was the progenitor of an artistic family that spanned four generations, father of painter Wojciech Kossak and grandfather of painter Jerzy Kossak.
Marchantiales
Marchantiales is an order of thallose liverworts (also known as "complex thalloid liverworts") that includes species like Marchantia polymorpha, a widespread plant often found beside rivers, and Lunularia cruciata, a common and often troublesome weed in moist, temperate gardens and greenhouses.

As in other bryophytes, the gametophyte generation is dominant, with the sporophyte existing as a short-lived part of the life cycle, dependent upon the gametophyte.

The genus Marchantia is often used to typify the order, although there are also many species of Asterella and species of the genus Riccia are more numerous. 
The majority of genera are characterized by the presence of (a) special stalked vertical branches called archegoniophores  or carpocephala, and (b) sterile cells called elaters inside the sporangium.

Gametophyte
A gametophyte (/ɡəˈmiːtəfaɪt/) is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore, that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which has a double set of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte. The sporophyte can produce haploid spores by meiosis that on germination produce a new generation of gametophytes.