hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick William Hope
Frederick William Hope (3 January 1797 – 15 April 1862) was an English clergyman, naturalist, collector, and entomologist, who founded a professorship at the University of Oxford to which he gave his entire collections of insects in 1849 (now known as the Hope Collection or in expanded form the Hope Entomological Collections, with around 3.5 million specimens). He described numerous species and was a founder of the Entomological Society of London in 1833 along with John Obadiah Westwood.

Oxford University Museum of Natural History
The Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) is a museum displaying many of the University of Oxford's natural history specimens, located on Parks Road in Oxford, England. It also contains a lecture theatre which is used by the university's chemistry, zoology and mathematics departments. The museum provides the only public access into the adjoining Pitt Rivers Museum.
Beijing East Village
The Beijing East Village (Chinese: 北京东村; pinyin: Běijīng Dōng Cūn) was an avant-garde artistic community of the early 1990s located in the eastern part of Beijing, just past the Third Ring Road on what was then the city's margins. It was formed in 1993 when a group of like-minded artists took up residence together in a "village" of low-quality migrant worker housing, fixing at the entrance a handwritten sign. Their community's name was inspired by the East Village of Manhattan, with which they felt an affinity in their experimental aesthetics. Only the year after its founding, following the arrest of Ma Liuming for cooking naked in a courtyard, the community was closed by the police, though former residents continued to collaborate.

Zhang Huan
Zhang Huan (Chinese: 張洹; born 1965) is a Chinese artist based in Shanghai and New York City. 
He began his career as a painter and then transitioned to performance art before making a comeback to painting. He is primarily known for his performance work, but also makes photographs and sculpture.
Otto Schneider-Orelli
Otto Schneider-Orelli (10 August 1880 in Münchenbuchsee – 31 October 1965 in Zürich) was a Swiss entomologist.

He studied natural sciences at the universities of Neuchâtel (1899) and Bern (1900–05). Following graduation, he worked as an assistant under Hermann Müller-Thurgau at the research institute for arboriculture, horticulture and viticulture in Wädenswil, where from 1913, he worked as an entomologist. From 1928 to 1950 he served as an associate professor of entomology at ETH Zurich and as director of the Institute of Entomology.

From 1917 onward, he was curator of collections at the entomology museum of ETH Zurich. He specialized in the fields of agricultural and forest entomology. He was the author of many treatises on phylloxera.

Münchenbuchsee
Münchenbuchsee is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is famous as the birthplace of the painter Paul Klee.

On 1 January 2023 the former municipality of Diemerswil merged to form the municipality of Münchenbuchsee.
Kelly AuCoin
Kelly AuCoin (born February 14, 1967) is an American actor who has appeared in film, television, and theater. He is best known as "Dollar" Bill Stearn on Billions (Showtime) and Pastor Tim on The Americans (FX). He has had recurring roles on several other American television series, including The Girl from Plainville (Hulu), WeCrashed (Apple TV+), The Endgame (NBC), House of Cards (Netflix), and as Hercules Mulligan on the final season of Turn: Washington's Spies (AMC). He frequently appears on stage in New York and venues around the country, such as Manhattan Theatre Club, Signature Theatre, Playwrights Horizons, the Oregon Shakespeare Festival and La Jolla Playhouse. He has had supporting roles in many films, including Steven Spielberg's The Post, The Good House, False Positive, The Kingdom, Julie & Julia, and All That I Am, which won the SXSW Special Jury Award for Ensemble Acting.

WeCrashed
WeCrashed is an American biographical comedy-drama television miniseries created by Drew Crevello and Lee Eisenberg that premiered on Apple TV+ on March 18, 2022. Based on the podcast WeCrashed: The Rise and Fall of WeWork by Wondery, it stars Jared Leto and Anne Hathaway as Adam and Rebekah Neumann, the married couple at the heart of WeWork, a coworking space company which claimed a valuation of $47 billion (in an internally produced prospectus) in 2019, before crashing as a result of financial revelations.
The Only Way Is Essex
The Only Way Is Essex (often abbreviated as TOWIE /ˈtaʊi/) is a British reality television series based in Brentwood, Essex, England. It shows "real people in modified situations, saying unscripted lines but in a structured way." Broadcast on ITV2 from 2010, the series was moved to ITVBe in October 2014 and moved back to ITV2 in 2025. The first series consisted of 10 episodes and ran for 30 minutes, with a Christmas special following later in the year. Due to popularity, the runtime was extended to 45-minute episodes and renewed for a year's airing. On 22 May 2011, the series won the Audience Award at the 2011 BAFTA Awards.

On 13 March 2016, ITVBe aired a one-off documentary hosted by former cast member Mark Wright, discussing the history of the series. On 28 February 2017, with the announcement of the cast for the show's twentieth series, it was confirmed that instead of the usual three series per year, ITVBe would only be airing two series, but with more episodes.

ITVBe
ITVBe was a British free-to-air television channel owned by ITV plc. Launched on 8 October 2014, the channel was positioned as a spin-off of ITV2 targeting a female audience, focusing primarily upon reality and lifestyle programmes.

In April 2025, ITV announced that ITVBe would close and be replaced by ITV Quiz. ITVBe closed on 9 June 2025, and ITV Quiz launched the same day.
Running (Jessie Ware song)
"Running" is a song and debut single by British singer-songwriter Jessie Ware from her debut studio album, Devotion (2012). The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 24 February 2012. The drum loop used in the chorus of the song was based on Prince's "The Ballad of Dorothy Parker". The single features a particularly popular remix of the song by Disclosure, which was later featured as a bonus track in the deluxe edition of their debut studio album, Settle (2013). The remix was featured in the Xbox 360 and Xbox One racing game Forza Horizon 2 (2014).

Disclosure (band)
Disclosure is an English electronic music duo consisting of brothers Howard (born 11 May 1994) and Guy Lawrence (born 25 May 1991). They grew up in Reigate, Surrey. Their debut studio album, Settle, released on 3 June 2013, by PMR Records, was nominated for Best Dance/Electronica Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards. They released a second studio album, Caracal, on 25 September 2015 which was also nominated for Best Dance/Electronic Album at the 2016 Grammy Awards. Their third studio album, Energy, was released on 28 August 2020, and was nominated for Best Dance/Electronic Album at the 2021 Grammy Awards, alongside the fourth single from the album, "My High", which was nominated for Best Dance Recording.
Holiday Valley (ski resort)
Holiday Valley Resort, known more commonly as just Holiday Valley, is a family-oriented vacation spot and ski resort in Ellicottville, New York. Established in 1957 by Nelson Pauly, John Fisher and Bill Northrup, the facility opened with four runs and one T-bar lift. Currently the resort contains 60 slopes and 13 lifts. Since its opening Holiday Valley has experienced steady growth and has become the main tourist attraction in Cattaraugus County. In 1995 the Inn at Holiday Valley opened, turning the slope into a self-contained ski resort.

Ellicottville (village), New York
Ellicottville is a village in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 284 at the 2020 census. The village is named after Joseph Ellicott, principal land agent of the Holland Land Company. It lies in the southwest part of the town of Ellicottville and is north of the city of Salamanca.
Angelica Östlund
Angelica Östlund (born 5 July 1991) is a Swedish bandy player and former professional ice hockey forward. She is the all-time leading scorer for Brynäs IF Dam of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) and served as the club's captain from 2013 to 2018. Östlund participated in 38 matches with the Swedish national team.

Brynäs IF (women)
Brynäs IF are an ice hockey team in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). They play in Gävle, on the eastern-central coast of Sweden, at the Monitor ERP Arena. A constituent part of the Swedish sports club Brynäs IF, they are the sister team of Brynäs IF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).
The X Factor Israel season 4
The X Factor Israel is the Israeli version of the British television music competition The X Factor. The fourth season run between October 30, 2021, and February 5, 2022, on Reshet 13, airing in prime time.

On April 6, 2021, it was announced that the winner of this season would represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022. Michael Ben David was the selected entrant with the song "I.M".

Michael Ben David
Michael Ben David (Hebrew: מיכאל בן דוד, IPA: [miχaˈʔel ben daˈvid]; born 26 July 1996) is an Israeli singer who represented his country in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022. He performed the song "I.M" in the second semifinal. Israel placed 13th in the semi-final failing to qualify to the grand Final.
Technical Senior High School
Technical High School is a public high school in Saint Cloud, Minnesota, United States. It is one of St. Cloud Area School District's two major public high schools; the other is Apollo. The school's first building was built in 1917 at 233 12th Avenue South. Another building was added in the 1970s to accommodate the student population. A new facility was completed in 2019.

In addition to sections of St. Cloud, the high school's attendance boundary includes Clearwater, most of Clear Lake, most of St. Augusta, and parts of Rockville.

Clearwater, Minnesota
Clearwater is a city in Stearns and Wright counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 1,922 at the 2020 census. Most of the city lies within Wright County.

The Wright County portion of Clearwater is part of the Minneapolis–St. Paul–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the small portion in Stearns County is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The city is situated between the Mississippi and Clearwater Rivers. Interstate 94 and Minnesota State Highway 24 are its two main thoroughfares.

Clearwater is 12 miles south of St. Cloud, 16 miles northwest of Monticello, and 25 miles northwest of Buffalo.
Camp Howze, Texas
Camp Howze, Texas, was an infantry replacement training center located adjacent to the town of Gainesville in Cooke County, Texas.  It was named for Major General Robert Lee Howze, a Medal of Honor recipient.

Robert Lee Howze
Robert Lee Howze (August 22, 1864 – September 19, 1926) was a United States Army major general who was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions during the American Indian Wars.

Howze graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1888 and then accepted a commission to the United States Army. He first served in the Indian Wars, then served in the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and World War I. His last assignment was presiding over the courts-martial of Colonel Billy Mitchell.
Pejepscot Historical Society
The Pejepscot Historical Society, known as the Pejepscot History Center, is the fourth oldest historical society in the state of Maine. Founded in 1888, the society's mission is to preserve and celebrate the history of the Pejepscot region, which includes the towns of Brunswick, Harpswell and Topsham.

Topsham, Maine
Topsham (US: /ˈtɒp.sʌm/ ⓘTOP-sum) is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. Topsham was included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 9,560 at the 2020 census. The town contains the census-designated place of the same name. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The town is home to the annual Topsham Fair.
Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist
Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist (1950; second edition 1956; third edition 1968; fourth edition 1974; fifth edition 2013) is a book about the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche by the philosopher Walter Kaufmann. The book, first published by Princeton University Press, was influential and is considered a classic study. Kaufmann has been credited with helping to transform Nietzsche's reputation after World War II by dissociating him from Nazism, and making it possible for Nietzsche to be taken seriously as a philosopher. However, Kaufmann has been criticized for presenting Nietzsche as an existentialist, and for other details of his interpretation.

Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)
Walter Arnold Kaufmann (German: [ˈkaʊfman]; July 1, 1921 – September 4, 1980) was a German-American philosopher, translator, and poet.  A prolific author, he wrote extensively on a broad range of subjects, such as authenticity and death, moral philosophy and existentialism, theism and atheism, Christianity and Judaism, as well as philosophy and literature. He served more than 30 years as a professor at Princeton University.

He is renowned as a scholar and translator of Friedrich Nietzsche. He also wrote a 1965 book on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and published a translation of Goethe's Faust, and Martin Buber's I and Thou.
Nowe Leśne Bohatery
Nowe Leśne Bohatery [ˈnɔvɛ ˈlɛɕnɛ bɔxaˈtɛrɨ] (Belarusian: Новыя Лясныя Багатыры) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipsk, within Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

Gmina Lipsk
Gmina Lipsk is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the town of Lipsk, which lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south-east of Augustów and 71 km (44 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 184.42 square kilometres (71.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,129 (out of which the population of Lipsk amounts to 2,326 and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,803).
Alternative Comics
Alternative Comics was an American independent graphic novel and comic book publisher most recently based in Cupertino, California. In addition to publishing creator-owned titles, Alternative Comics was also a noted publisher of anthologies such as 9-11: Emergency Relief, Hi-Horse, Hickee, Rosetta, and True Porn.

Josh Neufeld
Josh Neufeld (born August 9, 1967) is an alternative cartoonist known for his comics journalism work on subjects like graphic medicine, equity, and technology; as well as his collaborations with writers like Harvey Pekar and Brooke Gladstone. He is the writer/artist of A.D.: New Orleans After the Deluge, and the illustrator of The Influencing Machine: Brooke Gladstone on the Media.
Monte Vista Fire Station
Monte Vista Fire Station is a historic former fire station in the Nob Hill neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Built in 1936 using Works Progress Administration funding, it is notable as a well-preserved WPA municipal project and for its significance in the early development of the Nob Hill area. The building served in its original role as a fire station until 1972 and currently houses a restaurant. It is the city's third oldest surviving fire station after the AT&SF Fire Station, built in 1920, and the old station #2 on the corner of High St. and Silver Ave. opened in 1926.

The fire station is listed in the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places.

It was designed by Albuquerque's City Architect, Ernst H. Blumenthal, who also designed the Old Albuquerque Municipal Airport Building (1939), which is also NRHP-listed.

Nob Hill, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Nob Hill is a neighborhood in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, consisting of a commercial district along Central Avenue (former U.S. Route 66) and surrounding residential areas. Located just east of the University of New Mexico, the neighborhood was developed between about 1925 and 1950 and has since become a popular tourist and shopping destination. Known for its eclectic mix of mostly locally owned businesses, Nob Hill has been described as "the heart of Albuquerque's Route 66 culture and also its hippest, funkiest retail and entertainment district". The neighborhood is named after Nob Hill in San Francisco, California.
Homophonic translation
Homophonic translation renders a text in one language into a near-homophonic text in another language, usually with no attempt to preserve the original meaning of the text.  For example, the English "sat on a wall" /ˌsæt ɒn ə ˈwɔːl/ is rendered as French "s'étonne aux Halles" [setɔn o al] (literally "gets surprised at the Paris Market"). More generally, homophonic transformation renders a text into a near-homophonic text in the same or another language: e.g., "recognize speech" could become "wreck a nice beach".

Homophonic translation is generally used humorously, as bilingual punning (macaronic language). This requires the listener or reader to understand both the surface, nonsensical translated text, as well as the source text—the surface text then sounds like source text spoken in a foreign accent.

Homophonic translation may be used to render proper nouns in a foreign language. If an attempt is made to match meaning as well as sound, it is phono-semantic matching.

Macaronic language
Macaronic language is any expression using a mixture of languages, particularly bilingual puns or situations in which the languages are otherwise used in the same context (rather than simply discrete segments of a text being in different languages). Hybrid words are effectively "internally macaronic". In spoken language, code-switching is using more than one language or dialect within the same conversation.

Macaronic Latin in particular is a jumbled jargon made up of vernacular words given Latin endings or of Latin words mixed with the vernacular in a pastiche (compare dog Latin).

The word macaronic comes from the Neo-Latin macaronicus, which is from the Italian maccarone, or "dumpling", regarded as coarse peasant fare. It is generally derogatory and used when the mixing of languages has a humorous or satirical intent or effect but is sometimes applied to more serious mixed-language literature.
West Qinling Tunnel
The West Qinling Tunnel (Chinese: 西秦岭隧道; pinyin: Xīqínlǐng Suìdào) is in the middle of the Lanzhou–Chongqing railway (Chinese: 兰渝铁路), crossing the Qinling. It is a 28236 metre dual-bore railway tunnel in Wudu District, Longnan City, Gansu, north-west China. It is the second longest railway tunnel in China, slightly shorter than the New Guanjiao Tunnel. The construction started in August 2008, and went on for a duration of about five months and five years using both Tunnel boring machines (TBM) and drill and blast methods.

Lanzhou–Chongqing railway
Lanzhou–Chongqing railway or Lanyu railway (Chinese: 兰渝铁路; pinyin: Lán-Yú tiělù, "Lan" and "Yu" being the abbreviations for Lanzhou and Chongqing) is a higher-speed railway in China connecting Lanzhou and Chongqing. Construction started in 2010, last segment of the railway was opened for service in September 2017. The line allows trains to travel between Chongqing and Lanzhou, Gansu via Nanchong and Guangyuan, Sichuan.
Bruce Tarr
Bruce E. Tarr (born January 2, 1964) is an American politician who serves as a Republican member and Minority Leader of the Massachusetts Senate. Since 1995 he has represented the 1st Essex and Middlesex District. He is a member of the United States Republican Party and a former member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.

The 1st Essex and Middlesex district includes 19 communities: the cities of Gloucester and Newburyport and the towns of Boxford, Essex, Georgetown, Groveland, Hamilton, Ipswich, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Middleton, Newbury, Precincts 5A, 7, and 8 in North Andover, North Reading, Rockport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield, Wenham, and West Newbury.

Topsfield, Massachusetts
United States portal

Topsfield is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,569 at the 2020 census. Topsfield is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Topsfield.
Gene Conley
Donald Eugene Conley (November 10, 1930 – July 4, 2017) was an American professional baseball and basketball player. He pitched for four teams in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1952 to 1963. Conley also played as a forward in the 1952–53 season and from 1958 to 1964 for two teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the 2nd person (Otto Graham) to win championships in two of the four major American sports: one with the Milwaukee Braves in the 1957 World Series and three with the Boston Celtics from 1959 to 1961.

Milwaukee Braves
The Milwaukee Braves were a Major League Baseball team that played in Milwaukee, from 1953 to 1965, having previously played in Boston, Massachusetts, as the Boston Braves. After relocating to Atlanta, Georgia in 1966, they were renamed the Atlanta Braves. The 13-season tenure in Milwaukee at Milwaukee County Stadium saw varying degrees of success for the franchise, winning the 1957 World Series and the National League pennant in 1958. The team never finished with a losing record.

The Milwaukee Braves had an overall win–loss record of 1,146–890–8 (.563) during their 13 years in Milwaukee. Three former Milwaukee Braves players were elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Atula Maha Dhamma Dewi of Pinya
Atula Maha Dhamma Dewi (Burmese: အတုလ မဟာဓမ္မဒေဝီ, pronounced [ʔətṵla̰ məhà dəma̰dèwì]; Pali: Atulamahādhammadevī) was the chief queen consort of King Uzana I of Pinya. Uzana I was her half-brother. She was a paternal aunt of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava.

Uzana I of Pinya
Uzana I of Pinya (Burmese: ပင်းယ ဥဇနာ, pronounced [ʔṵzənà]; 1298 – 1356/1357) was king of Pinya from 1325 to 1340. Of Pagan royalty, Uzana inherited a disunited kingdom, which fell apart right after his predecessor Thihathu's death. Not only could he not retake the northern Sagaing Kingdom but he also had little control over his southern vassals. Even in his core power base in present-day central Myanmar (Burma), Uzana faced a serious rival in his half-brother Kyawswa. He ultimately lost the power struggle, and abdicated the throne in 1340 to a regent. He lived out his last years as a monk in Mekkhaya.
Dąbie, Szczecin
Dąbie (German: Damm, Altdamm, or Stettin-Altdamm) is a former town and current municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin in  Poland, situated on the Płonia river, on the south coast of Dąbie Lake, on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town. As of January 2011 it had a population of 13,275.

Dąbie Lake
Dąbie (Polish: Dąbie or Jezioro Dąbskie, German: Dammscher See) is a lake in the delta of the Oder in northwestern Poland at Szczecin. To the South of the lake lies the Szczecin suburban district also called Dąbie.