hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide
Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide (or FormylGlycinAmideRibotide, FGAR) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin also contain fragments derived from FGAR.

FGAR is formed when the enzyme phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase adds a formyl group from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR) in reaction EC 2.1.2.2:

GAR + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate → FGAR + tetrahydrofolate

The biosynthesis pathway next converts FGAR to an amidine by the action of phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (EC 6.3.5.3), transferring an amino group from glutamine and giving 5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine (FGAM) in a reaction that also requires ATP:

FGAR + ATP + glutamine + H2O → FGAM + ADP + glutamate + Pi

5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine
5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine (or FGAM) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin also contain fragments derived from FGAM.

The compound is biosynthesized from phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide (FGAR) which is converted to an amidine by the action of phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (EC 6.3.5.3), transferring an amino group from glutamine in a reaction that also requires ATP:

FGAR + ATP + glutamine + H2O → FGAM + ADP + glutamate + Pi

The biosynthesis pathway next converts FGAM to 5-aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) by the action of AIR synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1) which uses ATP to activate the terminal carbonyl group to attack by the nitrogen atom at the anomeric center:

FGAM + ATP → AIR + ADP + Pi + H+
John Pigeon
John Pigeon (March 17, 1725 – February 5, 1778) was a merchant, a member of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, and Massachusetts Commissary General during the American Revolution.  Born in Boston he became a successful merchant and insurer before moving to Newton.  In the lead up to the American Revolutionary War Pigeon was elected to head a committee of correspondence and to serve on the Massachusetts Provincial Congress.  He became commissary of stores to the congress in February 1775 and in may became commissary general to the army established by the congress.  The role ended when the army came under the control of the Continental Congress in July.  Pigeon afterwards returned to Newton where he played a role in supporting the cause of independence and in ensuring the supply of gunpowder to patriot forces.

Massachusetts Provincial Congress
The Massachusetts Provincial Congress (1774–1780) was a provisional government created in the Province of Massachusetts Bay early in the American Revolution. Based on the terms of the colonial charter, it exercised de facto control over the rebellious portions of the province, and after the British withdrawal from Boston in March 1776, the entire province. When Massachusetts Bay declared its independence in 1776, the Congress continued to govern under this arrangement for several years. Increasing calls for constitutional change led to a failed proposal for a constitution produced by the Congress in 1778, and then a successful constitutional convention that produced a constitution for the state in 1780. The Provincial Congress came to an end with elections in October 1780.
Ina Rilke
Ina Rilke is a Mozambique-born translator who specializes in translating Dutch literature and French literature into English.

Born in Mozambique, she went to school in Porto in Portugal, attending Oporto British School. She studied translation at the University of Amsterdam, where she later taught.

Writers she has translated include Hafid Bouazza, Louis Couperus, Hella Haasse, W. F. Hermans, Arthur Japin, Erwin Mortier, Multatuli, Cees Nooteboom, Connie Palmen, Pierre Péju and Dai Sijie. Rilke has won the Vondel Prize, the Scott Moncrieff Prize and the Flemish Culture Prize. She has also been nominated for the Best Translated Book Award, the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize, the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize, and the IMPAC Book Award.

Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize
The Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize is an annual literary prize for any book-length translation into English from any other living European language. The first prize was awarded in 1999. The prize is funded by and named in honour of Lord Weidenfeld and by New College, The Queen's College and St Anne's College, Oxford.
Darren Mott, Baron Mott
Darren James Mott, Baron Mott, OBE (born 15 January 1973) is a British Conservative politician and member of the House of Lords. In November 2022, he stood down as chief executive of the Conservative Party, after having worked for the party for more than 30 years.

Mott was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for political service.

In the 2023 Special Honours, Mott was made a life peer and appointed as a lord-in-waiting and whip for the Sunak ministry in the House of Lords, alongside former MEP Kay Swinburne, on 2 June. He was created Baron Mott, of Chatteris in the County of Cambridgeshire, on 19 June 2023, and was introduced to the House of Lords on 22 June.

In October 2024, Mott was given a paid trip to Azerbaijan by an Azerbaijani group with connections to the authoritarian regime in the country. Mott was pictured laying a wreath at the grave of Azerbaijan's dictator Heydar Aliyev.

2023 Special Honours
As part of the British honours system, Special Honours are issued at the Monarch's pleasure at any given time. The Special Honours refer to the awards made within royal prerogative, operational honours, political honours and other honours awarded outside the New Year Honours and Birthday Honours.
World Championship Pool 2004
World Championship Pool 2004 (also known as 2004 World Championship Pool or simply World Championship Pool)
is a sports simulation video game developed in 2003 by Blade Interactive and released by Jaleco for PlayStation 2, Xbox, Windows, and GameCube. The game features several variants of pool (pocket billiards), and simulated pro players.

Dark Energy Digital
Dark Energy Digital was a privately owned video game developer and publisher based in the United Kingdom. It was formed from members of Blade Interactive, which continues to operate as a separate company.  On 28 September 2007, following the public announcement of Hydrophobia, it was announced that a deal had been made between Blade Interactive and Total Asset Limited and was to become a publisher in its own right and publish its own titles. On 19 March 2012, it was announced the company had closed due to low sales of Hydrophobia.
Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
The Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain (Welsh: Tri Thlws ar Ddeg Ynys Prydain) are a series of items in late-medieval Welsh tradition. Lists of the items appear in texts dating to the 15th and 16th centuries. The number of treasures is always given as thirteen, but some later versions list different items, replacing or combining entries to maintain the number.

Gwyddno Garanhir
Gwyddno Garanhir was the supposed ruler of a sunken land off the coast of Wales, known as Cantre'r Gwaelod. He was the father of Elffin ap Gwyddno, the foster-father of the famous Welsh poet Taliesin in the legendary account given in the late medieval Chwedl Taliesin (Ystoria Taliesin/Hanes Taliesin; "The Tale of Taliesin").
RubyGems
RubyGems is a package manager for the Ruby programming language that provides a standard format for distributing Ruby programs and libraries (in a self-contained format called a "gem"), a tool designed to easily manage the installation of gems, and a server for distributing them. It was created by Chad Fowler, Jim Weirich, David Alan Black, Paul Brannan and Richard Kilmer in 2004.

The interface for RubyGems is a command-line tool called gem which can install and manage libraries (the gems). RubyGems integrates with Ruby run-time loader to help find and load installed gems from standardized library folders. Though it is possible to use a private RubyGems repository, the public repository is most commonly used for gem management.

The public repository helps users find gems, resolve dependencies and install them. RubyGems is bundled with the standard Ruby package as of Ruby 1.9.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
Wade Rathke
Stephen Wade Rathke (born 1948) is a community and labor activist who founded the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) in 1970 and Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 100 in 1980 (now United Labor Unions Local 100).  He was ACORN's chief organizer from its founding in 1970 until June 2, 2008, and continues to be chief organizer of ACORN International and United Labor Unions Local 100. He is the publisher and editor-in-chief of Social Policy, a quarterly magazine for scholars and activists.  The magazine's publishing arm has published four of his books.  He is also a radio station manager of KABF (Little Rock) and WAMF (New Orleans).

Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now
The Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) is a community-based organization that advocates for low- and moderate-income families by working on neighborhood safety, voter registration, health care, affordable housing, and other social issues. They, along with a number of other community unions, are affiliated under ACORN International.
The Invitation (1973 film)
The Invitation (French: L'Invitation) is a 1973 Swiss film directed by Claude Goretta.

The Invitation was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and shared the Jury Prize at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival.

1973 Cannes Film Festival
The 26th Cannes Film Festival took place from 10 to 25 May 1973. Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman served as jury president for the main competition.

The Grand Prix du Festival International du Film, then the festival's main prize, was jointly awarded to American filmmaker Jerry Schatzberg for Scarecrow and British filmmaker Alan Bridges for The Hireling.

During this edition two new non-competitive sections were added: Étude et documents and Perspectives du Cinéma Français (which was started by the French Film Directors' Society and ran until 1991).

This edition was notorious for the controversy around Alejandro Jodorowsky's The Holy Mountain screening due to the film's depiction of extreme violence. While British documentary Swastika by Philippe Mora caused disturbance among the audience by showing Adolf Hitler's daily and social life.

The festival opened with Godspell by David Greene, and closed with Lady Sings the Blues by Sidney J. Furie.
Ambrose Medal
The J. Willis Ambrose Medal is an award presented by the Geological Association of Canada, and is named after the association's first President, J. Willis Ambrose. It is awarded annually, unless no suitable candidate is identified, "to an individual for sustained dedicated service to the Canadian earth science community."

Geological Association of Canada
The Geological Association of Canada (GAC) is a learned society that promotes and develops the geological sciences in Canada. The organization holds conferences, meetings and exhibitions for the discussion of geological problems and the exchange of views in matters related to geology. It publishes various journals and collections of learned papers dealing with geology.
Euglossini
The tribe Euglossini, in the subfamily Apinae, commonly known as orchid bees or euglossine bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior.

Pollen basket
The pollen basket or corbicula (plural corbiculae) is part of the tibia on the hind legs of the female of certain species of bees. They use the structure in harvesting pollen and carrying it to the nest or hive where it is used as food by the colony.

Bee species with no pollen baskets have scopae, which fulfil a similar role.
Herman Nicolaas Ridderbos
Herman Nicolaas Ridderbos (13 February 1909 – 8 March 2007) was a Dutch theologian and biblical scholar. He was an important New Testament theologian, having worked extensively on the history of salvation (Heilsgeschichte) and biblical theology.

Ridderbos was born in Hennaarderadeel, Friesland, Netherlands. His father, Jan Ridderbos, was an ordained minister in the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, a biblical commentator, and professor of Old Testament at the Theological School of the Reformed Churches of the Netherlands in Kampen. Herman Ridderbos completed his undergraduate studies there, and did his post-graduate work at the Free University of Amsterdam under F. W. Grosheide, qualifying for his doctorate in 1936. In 1943, after serving as a pastor for eight years, Ridderbos was appointed to the post of Professor of New Testament Studies at Kampen, succeeding Seakle Greijdanus who had been one of his professors. He served there for over forty years.

Biblical theology
Because scholars have tended to use the term in different ways, biblical theology has been notoriously difficult to define. The academic field of biblical theology is sub-divided into Old Testament theology and New Testament theology.
Gustave de Molinari
Gustave de Molinari (French: [də mɔlinari]; 3 March 1819 – 28 January 1912) was a Belgian political economist and French Liberal School theorist associated with French laissez-faire economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille.

Hippolyte Castille
Hippolyte Castille (8 November 1820, Montreuil-sur-Mer – 26 September 1886, Luc-sur-Mer) was a French writer and polemicist.

Castille wrote in collaboration with Frédéric Bastiat and Gustave de Molinari. Among his works are the Portraits historiques du dix-neuvième siècle, with portraits of the likes of Chateaubriand, Baroche and Lamartine, among many others. He also wrote about Napoleon III.
Curt Clausen
Curt Clausen (born October 9, 1967) is an American race walker.  He placed 4th 50 km event in the 1999 IAAF World Championships in Athletics, but after 2 years was later awarded the 3rd place bronze medal, after the winner was stripped of his title for a doping violation.

As a prep, Clausen competed in distance running but also set the high school national record in the mile walk of 6:18.32. He attended Stevens Point Area Senior High School alongside Suzy Favor Hamilton, where he at times trained over 100 miles per week. Clausen committed to Duke University where he competed on the Duke Blue Devils track and field team despite racewalking not being an NCAA-sanctioned track and field event.

He was elected president of USATF  in 2024.

Stevens Point Area Senior High School
Stevens Point Area Senior High (commonly called SPASH) is a high school located in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the Stevens Point Area Public School District. SPASH serves the Stevens Point area, including Stevens Point, Plover, Whiting, and Park Ridge, as well as several towns and nearby Junction City and part of Milladore. The school opened in 1972, allowing the district high school to move from P. J. Jacobs which had housed the high school since 1938.
IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System
The IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System (SPS) was an assembler that was developed by Gary Mokotoff, IBM Applied Programming Department, for the IBM 1401 computer, the first of the IBM 1400 series.  One source indicates that "This programming system was announced by IBM with the machine."

SPS-1 could run on a low-end machine with 1.4K memory, SPS-2 required at least 4K memory.

SPS-1 punched one card for each input instruction in its first pass and this deck had to be read during pass 2. At the University of Chicago and many other locations, SPS-1 was replaced by assemblers taking advantage of the commonly available 4K memory configuration to pack the output of pass one into several instructions per card.  Other assemblers were written which placed the pass one output into memory for small programs.

As the 1400 series matured additional assemblers, programming languages and report generators became available, replacing SPS in most sites.

IBM 1400 series
The IBM 1400 series are second-generation (transistor) mid-range business decimal computers that IBM marketed in the early 1960s. The computers were offered to replace tabulating machines like the IBM 407. The 1400-series machines stored information in magnetic cores as variable-length character strings separated on the left by a special bit, called a "wordmark," and on the right by a "record mark." Arithmetic was performed digit-by-digit. Input and output support included punched card, magnetic tape, and high-speed line printers. Disk storage was also available.

Many members of the series could be used as independent systems, as extensions to IBM punched-card equipment, or as auxiliary equipment to other computer systems.  Some, however, were intended for specific applications or were economical only as independent systems.
Lars Korvald
Lars Korvaldⓘ (29 April 1916 – 4 July 2006) was a Norwegian politician and educator who served as the prime minister of Norway from 1972 to 1973. He became associated with the Christian Democratic Party and was elected to the Norwegian Parliament. As prime minister he led the cabinet that took over when Trygve Bratteli resigned in the wake of the first referendum over Norway's membership in the European Economic Community.

Norway–European Union relations
Norway is not a member state of the European Union (EU). It is associated with the Union through its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), signed in 1992 and established in 1994. Norway was a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960, which was originally set up as an alternative to the European Economic Community (EEC), the main predecessor of the EU. Norway had considered joining both the EEC and the European Union, but opted to decline following referendums in 1972 and 1994. According to the European Social Survey conducted in 2018, 73.6% of Norwegians would vote 'No' in a referendum to join the European Union. Norway shares land borders with two EU member states, namely Finland and Sweden, and maritime borders with a third, Denmark.
Province of Åland
Province of Åland (Finnish: Ahvenanmaan lääni, Swedish: Ålands län) was a province of Finland from 1918 to 2009.

The State Provincial Office on the Åland Islands (Länsstyrelsen på Åland) represented the Finnish central government in Åland between 1918 and 2009. Due to its autonomy, it had somewhat different functions than similar offices in other Provinces of Finland.  Generally a State Provincial Office was a joint regional authority of seven different ministries of the Government of Finland. In Åland, the State Provincial Office also represented a set of other authorities of the central government, which in mainland Finland has separate bureaucracies. On the other hand, duties, which on mainland Finland were handled by the provincial offices, were transferred to the autonomous government of Åland.

Along with the abolition of all provinces of Finland, the Åland State Provincial Office was replaced by the State Department of Åland in 2009.

State Department of Åland
The State Department of Åland (Swedish: Statens ämbetsverk på Åland) is a department of the Finnish central government for the administration of Åland, with a status corresponding to a Regional State Administrative Agency elsewhere in Finland. It replaced the Åland State Provincial Office on 1 January 2010, after the abolition of all provinces of Finland at the end of 2009.
Listed buildings in Sutton, Cheshire East
Sutton, also known as Sutton Lane Ends, is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contains 44 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II. The parish is mainly rural, consisting of farmland and moorland. Many of the listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings, or houses with associated structures. Around the parish is a series of parish boundary stones. Passing through the west of the parish is the Macclesfield Canal, and there are listed buildings associated with this, including bridges, an aqueduct, and a milestone. Other listed buildings include a medieval wayside cross, a chapel and chaplain's house, a public house, and a mileplate.

Sutton Lane Ends
Sutton Lane Ends or Sutton is a semi-rural village and civil parish, approximately one mile south of Macclesfield. In 2020 it had an estimated population of 936. The parish includes the villages of Langley and Oakgrove and the hamlets of Gurnett, Jarman and Lyme Green. Sutton is in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The rivers Bollin and Rosendale run through Sutton Lane Ends, as does the Macclesfield Canal.

The population of the entire civil parish is 2,464. In the past, the community was centred on farming, forestry and textiles; however, since these industries declined, most of the population now travel to nearby Macclesfield or Manchester for employment.

Sutton Lane Ends has had an Anglican church, Sutton St. James, since 1840. The community of Sutton is served by a village shop, primary school (Hollinhey Primary School) and five public houses.
John Nelson Arnold
John Nelson Arnold (June 4, 1834 – May 31, 1909) was an American portrait painter.

He was born on June 4, 1834, in Masonville, Windham County, Connecticut. He was the son of Benjamin Arnold and Thirza Whitford, and was descended from Roger Williams.

His portraits of governors are located in the Rhode Island State House and other portraits are in the Brown University Portrait Collection. Arnold painted portraits of John Russell Bartlett, John Brown Francis, Reuben Guild, John Hay, John Pitman, Barnas Sears, Leonard Swain, James Mitchell Varnum, Sarah Helen Whitman, and Alva Woods, among others.

He published Art and Artists in Rhode Island in 1905. Arnold was also a member of the Providence Art Club from its founding in 1880 to his death in 1909.

He married his student, Clara L. Maxfield in 1908. At the time, he was 73 and she was 27. He died on May 31, 1909.

Providence Art Club
The Providence Art Club, Thomas Street, Providence, Rhode Island, was founded in 1880. An art club is an organization for artists and the community to engage and collaborate with each other in a shared space dedicated to art and culture. The Providence Art Club has studios, galleries, eateries, and a clubhouse in a "picturesque procession of historic houses," which are across the street from the First Baptist Church in America.[1] The buildings occupied by the Providence Art Club include Brick House, the two Seril Dodge Houses at 10 and 11 Thomas Street, Deacon Taylor House, and Fleur De Lys Studio.