hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saul Winstein
Saul Winstein (October 8, 1912 – November 23, 1969) was a Canadian-American chemist who discovered  the Winstein reaction. He argued a non-classical cation was needed to explain the stability of the norbornyl cation.  This fueled a debate with Herbert C. Brown over the existence of σ-delocalized carbocations. Winstein also first proposed the concept of an intimate ion pair. He was co-author of the Grunwald–Winstein equation, concerning solvolysis rates.

Richard F. Heck, who earlier in his career had undertaken postgraduate studies with Winstein, won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Richard F. Heck
Richard Frederick Heck (August 15, 1931 – October 9, 2015) was an American chemist noted for the discovery and development of the  Heck reaction, which uses palladium to catalyze organic chemical reactions that couple aryl halides with alkenes. The analgesic naproxen is an example of a compound that is prepared industrially using the Heck reaction.

For his work in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions and organic synthesis, Heck was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, shared with the Japanese chemists Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki.
Gupton, North Carolina
Gupton is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, North Carolina, United States.

Gupton is located approximately eight miles east-northeast of Ingleside, off North Carolina Highway 561.

Laurel Mill and Col. Jordan Jones House, Dr. Samuel Perry House, and Speed Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Franklin County, North Carolina
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,573. Its county seat is Louisburg. Franklin County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Total War (video game series)
Total War is a series of strategy games developed by British developer Creative Assembly for personal computers. They combine turn-based strategy and resource management with real-time tactical control of battles. Rather uniquely for real-time strategy games, flanking manoeuvres and formations factor heavily into gameplay. The first of the series, Shogun: Total War, was released in June 2000. The most recent major game released was Total War: Pharaoh on 11 October 2023. As of April 2021, the series had sold over 36 million copies.

Real-time tactics
Real-time tactics (RTT) is a subgenre of tactical wargames played in real-time, simulating the considerations and circumstances of operational warfare and military tactics. It is differentiated from real-time strategy gameplay by the absence of classic resource micromanagement and base or unit building, and by the greater importance of individual units and a focus on complex battlefield tactics.
Advanced Technology Airborne Computer
The Advanced Technology Airborne Computer (ATAC) was a product of Itek (a division of Litton Industries), used on US naval aircraft, and the NASA Galileo (spacecraft).: 198–201

The ATAC was built using AMD 2901 4-bit processors and had a basic cycle time of 250 ns.: 198  It could be programmed in HAL/S, and could be microprogrammed to add new instructions. The Galileo project added four instructions.

Itek
Itek Corporation was a United States defense contractor that initially specialized in camera systems for spy satellites and various other reconnaissance systems. In the early 1960s they built a conglomerate in a fashion similar to LTV or Litton, during which time they developed the first CAD system and explored optical disc technology. These efforts were unsuccessful, and the company shed divisions to various companies, returning to its roots in the reconnaissance market. The remaining portions were eventually purchased by Litton in 1983, and then Hughes, Raytheon, and Goodrich Corporation.
Beaumont Exporters
The Beaumont Exporters was the predominant name of a minor league baseball team located in Beaumont, Texas that played between 1920 and 1957 in the Texas League and the Big State League. Beaumont rejoined the Class AA Texas League (1983-1986) and evolved into today's Northwest Arkansas Naturals.

Baseball Hall of Fame inductees Hank Greenberg (1931-1932),  Whitey Herzog (1952), Carl Hubbell (1928), and Hal Newhouser (1939) played for the Exporters and Rogers Hornsby was the Manager in 1950.

Carl Hubbell
Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed "the Meal Ticket" and "King Carl", was an American Major League Baseball player. He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco.

Twice voted the National League's Most Valuable Player, Hubbell was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947. During 1936 and 1937, Hubbell set the major league record for consecutive wins by a pitcher with 24. He is perhaps best remembered for his performance in the 1934 All-Star Game, when he struck out five future Hall of Famers – Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons and Joe Cronin – in succession. Hubbell's primary pitch was the screwball.
Moszczona Pańska
Moszczona Pańska (Polish pronunciation: [mɔʂˈtʂɔna ˈpaj̃ska]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nurzec-Stacja, within Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

Gmina Nurzec-Stacja
Gmina Nurzec-Stacja is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the village of Nurzec-Stacja, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Siemiatycze and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 214.96 square kilometres (83.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,460.
Kavya (film)
Kavya is a 1995 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed and co-produced by Kodlu Ramakrishna and based on the novel written by Vijaya Thandavamurthy and Ramakrishna himself. The film cast includes Ramkumar, Sudharani and Sithara with Sudharani playing the title role. The film was produced under Spandana Films banner and the original score and soundtrack were composed by Sadhu Kokila.

Sudha Rani
Jayashree, known by her screen name Sudha Rani, is an Indian actress, voice artist and former model. She has primarily worked in Kannada films in addition to some Tamil, Telugu, Tulu and Malayalam films. As on Feb 2024, she has acted in about 150 films across industries.

As a child artist, she acted in Kiladi Kittu (1978), Kulla Kulli (1980), Anupama (1981) Bhagyavantha and Ranganayaki (1981). She debuted as a lead actress at age 13 with Anand (1986). She has won the Filmfare Awards and the Karnataka State Film Awards twice for her performances in Panchama Veda (1990) and Mysore Mallige (1992).
Acanthonematidae
Acanthonematidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sorbeoconcha.

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Canterburyellidae has no subfamilies. It is unassigned to superfamily.

Sorbeoconcha
Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda.

The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997.
Political Party of Small and Medium-sized Businesses of Ukraine
The Political Party of Small and Medium-sized Businesses of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Політична партія малого і середнього бізнесу, romanized: Politychna partiia maloho i serednoho biznesu) is a political party in Ukraine registered on April 1, 1999.

In the Ukrainian 2002 parliamentary elections the party failed as part of the electoral alliance "Against All" to win parliamentary representation.

The party did not participate in the 2006 elections.

In the 2007 elections, the party failed again as part of the All-Ukrainian Community to win parliamentary representation. In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party competed in/for 2 constituencies (seats); but it won in none and thus missed parliamentary representation. The party did not participate in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election.

All-Ukrainian Community
The All-Ukrainian Community (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнська громада) was an electoral bloc in Ukraine. In the 30 September 2007 elections, the bloc failed to win parliamentary representation winning only 0,05% of the votes.
Oleg Khvostov
Oleg Khvostov (born 19 October 1972) is a Russian painter, representative of naïve art. Since 2001 he's a member of the Russian Union of Artists and the Free Culture society since 2004. Currently lives and works in Saint Petersburg.

Gridchinhall
Gridchinhall (Russian: Гридчинхолл) — is an arts centre and a private gallery of contemporary and modern art, one of the first Russian art residences. Founded by entrepreneur and art collector Sergei Gridchin, Gridchinhall focuses on the development of original projects created on the premises of the residence or in collaboration with the art centre.

Gridchinhall was opened on 19 September 2009 on Gridchin's plot of land in the village near Moscow. The building of the exhibition hall was built as per the design of Sergei Gridchin with the participation of professional architects; several changes were made to the project during the construction stage. At the time of opening, Gridchinhall was the largest exhibition hall of contemporary art in Moscow Oblast.
Villa Belgiojoso Bonaparte
The Villa Belgiojoso Bonaparte, also known as Villa Reale and formerly called Villa Comunale, is a palace in Milan, in Lombardy in northern Italy. It was built between 1790 and 1796 as the residence of Count Ludovico Barbiano di Belgiojoso. The villa is in Neoclassical style, and was designed by Leopoldo Pollack. The main entrance is on via Palestro, facing the Giardini Pubblici of Porta Venezia, the eastern gate of the city.

During the Kingdom of Italy it became the residence of Viceroy Eugène de Beauharnais and his family.

In 1920 the villa came under the ownership of the Comune of Milan; in 1921 it became the home of the Galleria d'Arte Moderna.

Beside the villa is the Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea, an exhibition space for contemporary art, which was built in 1955 on the site of the former stables of the palace, destroyed by wartime bombing.

The gardens of the villa, in English style with an artificial lake, were laid out by Leopoldo Pollack.

Ludovico Barbiano di Belgiojoso (1728–1801)
Ludovico Luigi Carlo Maria di Barbiano di Belgiojoso or Ludwig Karl Maria von Barbiano Graf von Belgiojoso (2 January 1728 – 15 May 1801, Milan) was an Austrian diplomat and Lieutenant Field Marshal who served the Habsburg monarchy in the second half of the 18th century.
Rochester Broadway Theatre League
The Rochester Broadway Theatre League (RBTL) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Rochester, New York, that operates the West Herr Performing Arts Center (formerly the Auditorium Center) and presents national touring Broadway productions, concerts, and arts education programs. Founded in 1957 as an all-volunteer organization, RBTL has grown into one of the largest performing arts presenters in upstate New York, with annual revenue of approximately $17.7 million and total assets of $20.7 million as of fiscal year 2024. Its arts education programs serve more than 8,000 students annually.

Jeremy Cooney
Jeremy A. Cooney (born August 1, 1981) is an American politician from the state of New York. A Democrat, Cooney represents the 56th district of the New York State Senate, covering the majority of the City of Rochester and the Towns of Brighton, Gates, Greece, and Henrietta in Monroe County. His term of office began on January 1, 2021.
Capricorn Highway
The Capricorn Highway is located in Central Queensland, Australia, and links the city of Rockhampton with western Queensland. The highway is 575 kilometres (357 mi) long, and joins the Landsborough Highway at Barcaldine. Formerly National Route 66, Queensland began to convert to the alphanumeric system much of Australia had adopted in the early-2000s and is now designated as A4. The highway runs parallel with the Tropic of Capricorn, hence its name.

Other towns situated along the highway include (from east to west):
Gracemere, Kabra, Stanwell, Westwood, Gogango, Duaringa, Dingo, Bluff, Blackwater, Comet, Emerald, Bogantungan, Alpha and Jericho.

Running virtually east/west, the highway traverses the area known as the Central Highlands, and crosses the Great Dividing Range between Alpha and Jericho.

Capricorn Highway (green on black)

Westwood, Queensland
Westwood is a town in the Rockhampton Region and a locality split between the Rockhampton Region and the Shire of Banana in Queensland, Australia. It was the first town that was gazetted by the Queensland Government. In the 2021 census, the locality of Westwood had a population of 199 people.
Inga-Britt Fredholm
Inga-Britt Margareta Fredholm (née Pütter; 25 April 1923 – 28 March 2014) was a Swedish secretary, archivist and author. She spent more than ten years serving as Evert Taube’s literary secretary, both in Sweden and abroad. She collected and edited Taube's stories for Bonniers' and contributed a total of twenty pieces of work on the national poet.

Evert Taube
Axel Evert Taube (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈěːvɛʈ ˈʈoːb] ⓘ; 12 March 1890 – 31 January 1976) was a Swedish singer, composer, and writer. He is widely regarded as one of Sweden's most respected musicians and the foremost troubadour of the Swedish ballad tradition in the 20th century.
Ministry for Primary Industries
The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI; Māori: Manatū Ahu Matua) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with overseeing, managing and regulating the farming, fishing, food, animal welfare, biosecurity, and forestry sectors of New Zealand's primary industries.

Food safety in New Zealand
Food safety in New Zealand is a concern by the general public and the government takes measures to regulate it. The estimated cost to the country in 2009 of the six foodborne illnesses campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, norovirus, yersiniosis, STEC and listeriosis was NZ$161 million.

The government launched an annual Foodsafe Week in 2007 to highlight food safety issues.
1982 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1982 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 94th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 31 January 1982. The championship began on 1 May 1982 and ended on 10 October 1982.

St. Finbarr's entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 10 October 1982 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between St. Finbarr's and Blackrock, in what was their first meeting in the final in three years. St. Finbarr's won the match by 2–17 to 3–09 to claim their 22nd championship title overall and a third successive title.

Midleton's John Fenton was the championship's top scorer with 2-24.

St Finbarr's National Hurling & Football Club
St Finbarr's National Hurling & Football Club or St Finbarr's Hurling and Football Club is a Gaelic games club based in the Togher area of Cork city, County Cork, Ireland. Playing in royal blue and gold jerseys, St Finbarr's fields teams in the sports of Gaelic football and hurling.
FNSS ACV-15
ACV-15 is the designation of an amphibious Infantry fighting vehicle family developed by the Turkish defense company FNSS Savunma Sistemleri A.Ş. This vehicle is also manufactured by DRB-HICOM Defence Technologies (DefTech) in Malaysia. The design is an attempt to combine the capabilities of an infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) and an armoured personnel carrier (APC). The ACV-15 is based on the American Advanced Infantry Fighting Vehicle, which in turn is based on the American M113A1 armored personnel carrier.

FNSS Defence Systems
FNSS Savunma Sistemleri A.Ş. (English: FNSS Defence Systems A.Ş.) is a Turkish defense manufacturer founded in 1988. As of January 2025 the company is fully owned by Nurol Holding of Türkiye and operates facilities located in Gölbaşı, Ankara.

FNSS was founded as a joint venture between FMC Corporation and Nurol Holding as FMC Nurol Savunma Sanayii A.Ş. It is a major supplier of tracked and wheeled armored vehicles and weapon systems for the Turkish Armed Forces and Allied Armed Forces.
Eli Metcalfe Bruce
Eli Metcalfe Bruce (February 22, 1828 – December 15, 1866) was a philanthropist and a Representative from Kentucky in the First and Second Confederate Congresses. He was the principal financier of the Confederate government of Kentucky during the Civil War.

1st Confederate States Congress
The 1st Confederate States Congress, consisting of the Confederate States Senate and the Confederate States House of Representatives, convened between February 18, 1862, and February 17, 1864.  This assembly took place during the first two years of Jefferson Davis's presidency, convening at the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond, Virginia.
Ranger Boats
Ranger Boats is a company that produces bass fishing boats designed primarily for black bass fishing. The company was founded in 1968 by Forrest L. Wood in Flippin, Arkansas. Ranger is generally credited with the introduction of the modern bass boat. They make boats for commercial and recreational use. Ranger Boats has both fiberglass boats and aluminum boats.

Ranger is a major sponsor of the Fishing League Worldwide.

Ranger Boats and all of the brands under Fishing Holdings LLS were acquired by Bass Pro Group in a deal signed in December 2014. The deal included Bass Pro acquiring the Ranger, Triton Boats, and the Stratos Boats brands. Several bass boat companies are manufactured in the same facility, but are sold separately as individual brands by dealerships.

Flippin, Arkansas
Flippin is a city in Marion County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 1,345 at the 2020 census.

The city was named for the Thomas H. Flippin family and was incorporated in 1921. The Thomas H. Flippin Chapter of the Arkansas State Society, National Society United States Daughters of 1812, was named for the military service of SGT Thomas H.Flippin of Captain Hugh Brown’s Company, 1st Regiment, Kentucky Mounted Militia during the War of 1812.
Gabriel Thomas
Gabriel-Jules Thomas (10 September 1824 – 8 March 1905) was a French sculptor, born in Paris.

Thomas attended the École des Beaux-Arts and in 1848 he won the Prix de Rome in the sculpture category with his Philoctète partant pour le siège de Troie ("Philoctetes Leaves for the Siege of Troy") in plaster.  This piece was briefly displayed in New York City at the Dahesh Museum of Art for their 2005–2006 exhibition entitled "The Legacy of Homer."  It is normally kept at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris.

He later taught at the Ecole.  Among his students were Gaston Lachaise.and American sculptor, August Zeller.

August Zeller
August Zeller (7 March 1863, Bordentown, New Jersey – 11 January 1918, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was an American sculptor and teacher.

An exceptional carver, he studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) under Thomas Eakins. He moved to Paris in 1890 to study at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, and studied further in the studio of Auguste Rodin.

His most prominent commissions were for two Civil War monuments: the 96th Pennsylvania Infantry Monument (1888), on the Gettysburg Battlefield; and the Schuylkill County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (1891), in Pottsville, Pennsylvania.

Zeller spent his final years in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as curator of sculpture at the Carnegie Institute of Fine Arts and as an instructor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology.
Ring of Kerry
The Ring of Kerry (Irish: Mórchuaird Chiarraí) is a 179-kilometre-long (111-mile) circular tourist route in County Kerry, south-western Ireland. Clockwise from Killarney it follows the N71 to Kenmare, then the N70 around the Iveragh Peninsula to Killorglin – passing through Sneem, Waterville, Cahersiveen, and Glenbeigh – before returning to Killarney via the N72.

Kenmare
Kenmare (Irish: Neidín, meaning 'the little nest') is a small town in the south of County Kerry, Ireland. The name Kenmare is the anglicised form of Ceann Mara, meaning "head of the sea", referring to the head of Kenmare Bay. It is also a townland and civil parish.
Clatskanie School District
The Clatskanie School District (6J) is a two-school public school district in Columbia County, Oregon, United States. It serves the city of Clatskanie and the surrounding area.

Within Columbia County, it includes Clatskanie. Within Clatsop County the district includes Westport.

Clatskanie, Oregon
Clatskanie (/ˈklætskɪnaɪ/ ⓘ) is a city in Columbia County, Oregon, United States. It was named for the Tlatskanai Native American tribe, and the Clatskanie River which flows through the town and empties into the Columbia River about four miles to the north. As of the 2020 census, Clatskanie had a population of 1,716.
Byomkesh Bakshi (2015 film)
Byomkesh Bakshi a Bengali detective thriller film about the Bengali fictional detective Byomkesh Bakshi, released on 16 October 2015. The film is directed by Anjan Dutt. This is the fourth installment of the Byomkesh series by Anjan Dutt. The film is based on Kohen Kobi Kalidas by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. Unlike the previous three installments, Jisshu Sengupta portrayed the character Bakshi in this film, replacing Abir Chatterjee.

Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay
Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay (30 March 1899 – 22 September 1970) was an Indian Bengali-language writer. He was actively involved with Bengali cinema as well as Bollywood. The creator of the Bengali detective Byomkesh Bakshi, Sharadindu composed stories of a wide array of varieties including: novels, short stories, crime and detective stories, plays and screenplays. He wrote historical fiction like Kaler Mandira, Gourmollar (initially named as Mouri Nodir Teere), Tumi Sandhyar Megh, Tungabhadrar Teere, Chuya-Chandan, Maru O Sangha (later made into a Hindi film named Trishagni), Sadashib series and stories of the unnatural with the recurring character Baroda. Besides, he composed many songs and poems.
Monument to the March Dead
Monument to the March Dead (German: Denkmal für die Märzgefallenen) is an expressionist monument in the Weimar Central Cemetery in Weimar, Germany that memorializes workers killed in the 1920 Kapp Putsch. A 1920 design produced by Walter Gropius, in collaboration with Fred Forbát, was selected from those submitted in a competition organized by the Gewerkschaftskartell (Union Cartel) and the Städtisches Museum Weimar (Weimar Municipal Museum).

Although Gropius had said that the Bauhaus should remain politically neutral, he agreed to participate in the competition of Weimar artists at the end of 1920.

The monument was built between 1920 and 1922. An unveiling ceremony for the memorial was held on May 1, 1922.

Objecting to it politically and as an example of what they called degenerate art, the Nazis destroyed the monument in February 1936.

The monument was reconstructed in 1946.

Walter Gropius
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (German: [ˈvaltɐ ˈadɔlf ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈɡʁoːpiʊs]; 18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German-American architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture. He was a founder of Bauhaus in Weimar and taught there for several years, becoming known as a leading proponent of the International Style. Gropius emigrated from Germany to England in 1934 and from England to the United States in 1937, where he spent much of the rest of his life teaching at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. In the United States he worked on several projects with Marcel Breuer and with the firm The Architects Collaborative, of which he was a founding partner. In 1959, he won the AIA Gold Medal, one of the most prestigious awards in architecture.