hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Censorship by Google
Google and its subsidiary companies, such as YouTube, have removed or omitted information from its services in order to comply with company policies, legal demands, and government censorship laws.

Numerous governments have asked Google to censor content. In 2012, Google ruled in favor of more than half the requests they received via court orders and phone calls. This did not include China or Iran, who completely blocked the site or one of its subsidiary companies.

As of 2025, Google continues to receive hundreds of thousands of removal requests annually from governments worldwide, most commonly related to national security, copyright, or defamation, and regularly reviews each request for compliance with its policies.

Lumen (website)
Lumen, formerly Chilling Effects, is an American collaborative archive created by Wendy Seltzer and operated by the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. It allows recipients of cease-and-desist notices to submit them to the site and receive information about their legal rights and responsibilities.

The archive was founded in 2001 with several law school clinics and the Electronic Frontier Foundation to protect lawful online activity from legal threats. Originally located in San Francisco, California, Lumen later moved its operations to Massachusetts.
Katlehong
Katlehong is a large township in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It is 28 km south-east of Johannesburg and south of Germiston between two other townships of Thokoza and Vosloorus next to the N3 highway. It forms part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.

Reason (South African rapper)
Sizwe Moeketsi (born 30 June 1987) is a South African musician commonly known as Reason, a name he uses as a rapper. He is also known as Sizwe Alakine, an alter ego he adopted after taking up a career in Amapiano.
Kerstin Gier
Kerstin Gier (born 8 October 1966) is a German author of novels for adults and young adults. Her popular young adult novel Rubinrot (Ruby Red) and its two sequels – a series about time travel – as well as her Silber trilogy were translated into English by Anthea Bell.

Anthea Bell
Anthea Bell OBE (10 May 1936 – 18 October 2018) was an English translator of literary works, including children's literature, from French, German and Danish. These include The Castle by Franz Kafka, Austerlitz by W. G. Sebald, the Inkworld trilogy by Cornelia Funke and the French Asterix comics with co-translator Derek Hockridge.
Fernwood 2 Night
Fernwood 2 Night (or Fernwood Tonight) is a satirical comedy talk show that was broadcast weeknights from July to September 1977 in first-run syndication. The program was created by Norman Lear and produced by Alan Thicke as a spinoff and summer replacement for Lear's satirical soap opera Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. The show was hosted by Barth Gimble (Martin Mull) and sidekick announcer Jerry Hubbard (Fred Willard). Dour bandleader Happy Kyne (Frank De Vol) and the Mirth Makers were the show's stage band, featuring Tommy Tedesco on guitar. Happy also owned the "Bun n' Run", a local fast food restaurant.

Fred Willard
Frederic Charles Willard (September 18, 1933 –  May 15, 2020) was an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his work with Christopher Guest in his mockumentary films This Is Spinal Tap (1984), Waiting for Guffman (1996), Best in Show (2000), A Mighty Wind (2003), For Your Consideration (2006), and Mascots (2016). He also appeared in supporting roles in the comedy films Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), American Wedding (2003), and Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004). On television, Willard received several Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his work on the sitcoms Everybody Loves Raymond and Modern Family.
Fetești
Fetești (Romanian pronunciation: [feˈteʃtʲ]) is a city in Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania. It is located in the Bărăgan Plain, on the Borcea branch of the Danube. Fetești has the second largest population in Ialomița County, after Slobozia.

In 1895, the King Carol I railway bridge was built across the Danube to Cernavodă. A newer one was built in the 1980s as part of the Bucharest–Constanța A2 highway.

Anghel Saligny Bridge
The Anghel Saligny Bridge (Romanian: Podul Anghel Saligny), formerly King Carol I Bridge, is a complex of two railroad truss bridges in Romania, across the Danube River and the Borcea branch of the Danube, connecting the regions of Muntenia and Dobruja. The bridge is listed in the National Register of Historic Monuments.
Jules Férat
Jules-Descartes Férat (28 November 1829 – 6 June 1906) was a French artist and illustrator, famous for his portrayals of factories and their workers. He illustrated the books of many known authors, such as Jules Verne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Victor Hugo. He also contributed to the French illustrated press including the newspapers L'Illustration, Le Journal Illustré, and L'Univers Illustré.

L'Illustration
L'Illustration (French pronunciation: [lilystʁasjɔ̃]; 1843–1944) was a French illustrated weekly newspaper published in Paris. It was founded by Édouard Charton with the first issue published on 4 March 1843, it became the first illustrated newspaper in France then, after 1906, the first international illustrated magazine; distributed in 150 countries.
Zeytinburnu Belediyespor
Zeytinburnu Belediyespor, short for (Turkish: Zeytinburnu Belediyesi Buz Hokeyi Takımı), is the ice hockey section of Zeytinburnu Belediye S.K. in Istanbul, founded by the Municipality of Zeytinburnu district in 2010. Currently the team competes in the Turkish Ice Hockey Super League (TBHSL) and plays their home matches in Silivrikapı Ice Skating Hall. The club's colors are blue, white and red.

2015–16 IIHF Continental Cup
The 2015–16 Continental Cup was the 19th edition of the IIHF Continental Cup, Europe's second-tier ice hockey club competition organised by International Ice Hockey Federation. The season started on 2 October 2015 and the Super Final was played on 8–10 January 2016. Dragons de Rouen won the competition for the second time and also qualified for the 2016–17 Champions Hockey League.
Phil Collinson
Philip Collinson (born 26 August 1970) is a British television producer. He was initially an actor, before switching to working behind the cameras in the industry as a script editor and writer on programmes such as Springhill and Emmerdale, later becoming the producer of Peak Practice, Doctor Who and Coronation Street.

Sea of Souls
Sea of Souls is a BBC paranormal drama series, recounting the fictional activities of a group of investigators into psychic and other paranormal events. Produced in-house by BBC Scotland and for the final season by Carnival Films, initially in association with Sony Pictures Television International, the series debuted on BBC One in the UK in February 2004. A second series was shown from January 2005, with a third following in 2006 and then a fourth in April 2007.

The programme was created by writer David Kane, who also wrote the entire first series. The final series, unlike the previous series, was an independent production for BBC Scotland by Carnival Films.
Nandyal railway station
Nandyal railway station (station code: NDL) is an Indian Railways station in Nandyal of Andhra Pradesh. It is situated on Nallapadu–Nandyal section of Guntur railway division in South Central Railway zone. It is one of the stations in the division to be equipped with Automatic Ticket Vending Machines (ATVMs).

Nandyal
Nandyal, commonly called as Nandyala, is a city and the district headquarters of Nandyal district of the Indian state of the Andhra Pradesh. It is a Municipal corporation and the headquarters of Nandyal mandal in Nandyal revenue division.
I Want You Back (film)
I Want You Back is a 2022 American romantic comedy film directed by Jason Orley from a screenplay by Isaac Aptaker and Elizabeth Berger. It stars Charlie Day and Jenny Slate as two recently dumped strangers who team up to sabotage the new relationships of their exes (Gina Rodriguez and Scott Eastwood). Manny Jacinto, Clark Backo, and Mason Gooding also star.

The film was released on Amazon Prime Video on February 11, 2022, and received generally positive reviews.

Charlie Day
Charles Peckham Day (born February 9, 1976) is an American actor, writer, and producer. He is best known for playing Charlie Kelly on the FX/FXX dark comedy It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (2005–present), of which he is also a writer and an executive producer. In 2011, he was nominated for a Critics' Choice Television Award and a Satellite Award for the role. Subsequently, he co-created  the Apple TV+ comedy Mythic Quest (2020–2025) with Rob Mac and Megan Ganz.

In film, Day is best known for his performances as Dr. Newton Geiszler in Guillermo del Toro's Pacific Rim (2013), Dale Arbus in the comedy Horrible Bosses (2011) and its sequel Horrible Bosses 2 (2014), and Andy Campbell in the comedy Fist Fight (2017). He is also known for his voice roles in Monsters University (2013), The Lego Movie film franchise (2014–2019) and Nintendo franchise character Luigi in The Super Mario Bros. Movie (2023). He made his directorial debut with Fool's Paradise (2023).
Alexey Zubritsky
Alexey Vitalyevich Zubritsky (Russian: Алексей Витальевич Зубри́цкий; born 22 August 1992) is a Russian military pilot and cosmonaut, selected in 2018. Zubritsky is the 135th cosmonaut of the Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps.

Expedition 73
Expedition 73 was the 73rd long-duration expedition to the International Space Station (ISS). The expedition began with the departure of Soyuz MS-26 on 19 April 2025 with JAXA astronaut Takuya Onishi taking over the ISS command and concluded with the undocking of Soyuz MS-27 on 9 December 2025. It continued the extensive scientific research conducted aboard the ISS, focusing on various fields, including biology, human physiology, physics, and materials science. The crew members also maintained and upgraded the space station systems.
San Bruno Creek
San Bruno Creek (Spanish for: "St. Brun") is an intermittent stream that rises on the eastern slopes of the Northern Santa Cruz Mountains in San Mateo County, California, US.  The headwaters descend a relatively steep canyon east of Skyline Boulevard in a tortuous course. Comparison of topographic maps from 1896 and 1939 illustrates the extreme modification in the lower reaches due to urban development from the rapidly expanding population.  The San Bruno Creek watershed was originally settled by a tribe of the Ohlone, and later this locale was part of the Spanish missions' landholdings.

A hiking trail winds along San Bruno Creek representing an important link in the San Francisco Bay Trail; in fact, this link is needed to make up for lack of access along a large bay front area occupied exclusively by San Francisco International Airport; thus, the Bay Trail must detour a full two miles (3 km) inland from the bay to meet the San Bruno Creek Trail.

San Mateo County, California
San Mateo County, officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City is the county seat, the third-most populated city in the county after Daly City and San Mateo.

San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA (metropolitan statistical area), Silicon Valley, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. As of 2020, it has a median household income of $128,091, the fourth-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia, and Santa Clara County, California.

The county covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. The county is predominantly suburban and is home to many corporate campuses.
OC&E Woods Line State Trail
The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir.  Along its 105-mile (169 km) length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly.

The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately 8 miles (13 km). Beyond Olene, the trail surface is graded and compacted, which attracts mountain bikers, hikers, anglers, equestrians, and wildlife watchers. Additionally, the trail has a gentle 2 percent slope grade.

Olene, Oregon
Olene is an unincorporated community in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. The community is 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Klamath Falls on Oregon Route 140. Olene currently has a general store and at one time it had a school.
Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz inequality
In the theory of probability and statistics, the Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz inequality (DKW inequality) provides a bound on the worst case distance of an empirically determined distribution function from its associated population distribution function. It is named after Aryeh Dvoretzky, Jack Kiefer, and Jacob Wolfowitz, who in 1956 proved the inequality

with an unspecified multiplicative constant C in front of the exponent on the right-hand side.

In 1990, Pascal Massart proved the inequality with the sharp constant C = 2, confirming a conjecture due to Birnbaum and McCarty.

Pascal Massart
Pascal Massart (born 23 January 1958) is a French Statistician.

His work focuses on probability and statistics, notably the Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz inequality, the Bousquet inequality, the concentration inequality, and the Efron-Stein inequality. With Lucien Birgé he worked on model selection.

He received his Ph.D. in statistics from Paris-Sud University under Jean Bretagnolle. He has worked at the University of Paris-Sud and at the University of Lyon.
Jamie A. Davies
Jamie A. Davies FRSE FLSW is a British scientist, professor of experimental anatomy at the University of Edinburgh, and leader of a laboratory in its Centre for Integrative Physiology. He works in the fields of Developmental biology, Synthetic biology, and Tissue engineering. He is principal investigator for the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology database.

Guide to Pharmacology
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY is an open-access website, acting as a portal to information on the biological targets of licensed drugs and other small molecules. The Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (with GtoPdb being the standard abbreviation) is developed as a joint venture between the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the British Pharmacological Society (BPS). This replaces and expands upon the original 2009 IUPHAR Database (standard abbreviation IUPHAR-DB). The Guide to PHARMACOLOGY aims to provide a concise overview of all pharmacological targets, accessible to all members of the scientific and clinical communities and the interested public, with links to details on a selected set of targets. The information featured includes pharmacological data, target, and gene nomenclature, as well as curated chemical information for ligands. Overviews and commentaries on each target family are included, with links to key references.
Scottish Renaissance painted ceilings
Scottish renaissance painted ceilings are decorated ceilings in Scottish houses and castles built between 1540 and 1640. This is a distinctive national style, though there is common ground with similar work elsewhere, especially in France, Spain and Scandinavia. An example in England, at Wickham, Hampshire, was recorded in 1974. There are records of over 100 examples, and a much smaller number of painted ceilings survive in-situ today. Some salvaged painted beams and boards are stored by Historic Environment Scotland. The paintings at Crathes Castle, dating from 1597 and 1602 are probably the best known.

Gladstone's Land
Gladstone's Land is a surviving 17th-century tenement house situated in the Old Town of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland. It has been restored and furnished by the National Trust for Scotland, and is operated as a popular tourist attraction.
Durham District School Board
The Durham District School Board (DDSB), known as English/French language Public District School Board No. 13 prior to 1999, is an English-language public-secular school board in the province of Ontario. The Board serves most of Durham Region, except for Clarington, which is a part of the Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board.

The Board has more than 7,600 staff who serve approximately 58,200 elementary and 25,100 secondary school students. Its headquarters is located in Whitby.

Durham has four independent, coterminous boards, serving English (Durham District School Board), serving English-Catholic (Durham Catholic District School Board), French-secular (Conseil scolaire Viamonde), and French-Catholic (Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir) students.

The DDSB is located on the traditional and treaty territory of the Mississauga of Scugog Island First Nation, the Mississauga Peoples and the treaty territory of the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation.

Whitby, Ontario
Whitby is a town in Durham Region in Ontario, Canada. Whitby is located in Southern Ontario 11 km (6.8 mi) east of Ajax and 8 km (5.0 mi) west of Oshawa, on the north shore of Lake Ontario and is home to the headquarters of Durham Region. It had a population of 138,501 at the 2021 census. It is approximately 39.75 km (24.70 mi) east of Toronto, and it is known as a commuter suburb in the Durham Region, a part of the Greater Toronto Area. While the southern portion of Whitby is predominantly urban and an economic hub, the northern part of the municipality is more rural and includes the communities of Ashburn, Brooklin, Myrtle, Myrtle Station, and Macedonian Village. On the western boundary is Almond Village.
Thomas Preljubović
Thomas Preljubović (Serbian: Тома Прељубовић, romanized: Toma Preljubović; Greek: Θωμάς Κομνηνός Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Thōmas Komnēnos Palaiologos) was ruler of the Despotate of Epirus in Ioannina from 1367 to his death in 1384. Thomas was an unpopular ruler and is appraised very negatively by his contemporaries. On December 23, 1384 he was stabbed to death by his guards at dawn. The conspiracy of the faction which overthrew him involved his wife Maria Angelina who succeeded him.

A great deal of his rule was preoccupied with fighting against the Albanians of the Despotate of Arta to his south, the Zenebishi family to his north and the Mazreku and other clans to his northwest. Thomas gave himself the self-styled epithet of Albanian-slayer (Greek: Αλβανοκτόνος/Αλβανιτόκτονος) after torturing Albanian prisoners in order to terrify his enemies.

Despotate of Arta
The Despotate of Arta (Albanian: Despotati i Artës; Greek: Δεσποτάτο της Άρτας) was a despotate established by Albanian rulers during the 14th century, after the defeat of the local Despot of Epirus, Nikephoros II Orsini, by Albanian tribesmen in the Battle of Achelous in 1359. The Despotate ceased to exist in 1416, when it passed to Carlo I Tocco.
Dogs Act 1906
The Dogs Act 1906 (6 Edw. 7. c. 32) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which deals with dogs.

The main provisions relating to civil liability have now been repealed by the Animals Act 1971.

Animals Act 1971
The Animals Act 1971 (c. 22) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom the purpose of which was to codify civil liability for damage done by animals in England and Wales.

Section 1 broadly provides for the abolition of common law torts relating to cattle trespass and to the old common law scienter action with respect to animals which are ferae naturae or otherwise known to be vicious, as well as the abrogation of statutory provisions relating to civil liability in the Dogs Act 1906.

The provisions largely codify the pre-existing common law rules.
Gino Bartali
Gino Bartali, OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒiːno ˈbartali]; 18 July 1914 – 5 May 2000), nicknamed Gino the Pious and (in Italy) Ginettaccio, was a champion road cyclist. He was the most renowned Italian cyclist before the Second World War, having won the Giro d'Italia twice, in 1936 and 1937, and the Tour de France in 1938. After the war, he added one more victory in each event: the Giro d'Italia in 1946 and the Tour de France in 1948. His second and last Tour de France victory in 1948 gave him the largest gap between victories in the race.

In September 2013, 13 years after his death, Bartali was recognised as a "Righteous Among the Nations" by Yad Vashem for his efforts to aid Jews during World War II.

Col d'Izoard
Col d'Izoard (2,360 m (7,743 ft)) is a mountain pass in the Alps in the department of Hautes-Alpes in France.

It is accessible in summer via the D902 road, connecting Briançon on the north and the valley of the Guil in Queyras, which ends at Guillestre in the south. There are forbidding and barren scree slopes with protruding pinnacles of weathered rock on the upper south side. Known as the Casse Déserte, this area has formed a dramatic backdrop to some key moments in the Tour de France and at times in the Giro d'Italia, and often featured in iconic 1950s black-and-white photos of the race.
After the Love Has Gone
"After the Love Has Gone" is a song by Earth, Wind & Fire, released in 1979 as the second single from their ninth studio album I Am on ARC/Columbia Records. The song reached No. 2 on both the US Billboard Hot 100 (behind the Knack's "My Sharona") and the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart, No. 3 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, and No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart. "After the Love Has Gone" was certified gold in the US by the RIAA and silver in the UK by the BPI.

Jay Graydon
Jay Joseph Graydon (born October 8, 1949, Burbank, California) is an American songwriter, recording artist, guitarist, singer, keyboardist, producer, arranger, and recording engineer. He is the winner of two Grammy Awards (in the R&B category) with twelve Grammy nominations, among them the title "Producer of the Year" and "Best Engineered Recording". He has mastered many different music styles and genres, and his recordings have been featured on record, film, television and the stage.
Charles Johnson Maynard
Charles Johnson Maynard (May 6, 1845 – October 15, 1929) was an American naturalist and ornithologist born in Newton, Massachusetts. He was a collector, a taxidermist, and an expert on the vocal organs of birds. In addition to birds, he also studied mollusks, moss, gravestones and insects. He lived in the house at 459 Crafts Street in Newton, Massachusetts, built in 1897 and included in the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as the Charles Maynard House. The Charles Johnson Maynard Award is given out by the Newton Conservators, Inc.

Savannah sparrow
The Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) is a small New World sparrow that is the only member of the genus Passerculus. It is a widespread and abundant species that occupies open grassland habitats in North America.

Over most of its range it is migratory, breeding in Canada and the northern United States while wintering in Mexico and the southern United States. It is a sexually monomorphic species that is quite variable in appearance. Around 17 subspecies are currently recognised. These are divided into several groups, some of which have sometimes been considered as separate species.

The species name sandwichensis is Latin from Sandwich Sound (now Prince William Sound) in southern Alaska from where the first specimen was collected. The common name refers to Savannah, Georgia, where Alexander Wilson observed the species in 1811.