hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slatest
Slatest, also known as The Slatest, is a news blog that has been published by Slate since 2009, when it was launched to replace their 12-years-old "Today's Papers" feature. It also replaced Slate's magazine aggregator feature "In Other Magazines". In 2011, the website was redesigned; the effects included making its homepage more closely resemble the Huffington Post and creating a home for Slate's "Trending News Channel" video project. In 2012, it was redesigned again, this time to focus more on the writing and editorial decisions of Josh Voorhees, who was then the blog's editor. This redesign also gave the blog a new slogan: "Your news companion." After this redesign was announced, Voorhees said, “The average Slate writer takes a little bit longer to craft a really definitive or provocative piece. The Slatest will always be that kind of ‘first responder’ for the site."

Josh Voorhees
Josh Voorhees is an American political and investigative journalist. He is a former senior writer for Slate, and the former editor of its news blog, The Slatest. He earned a BA from Davidson College and an MPH from Johns Hopkins University. He currently lives in Boston, Massachusetts.
Boswellia dalzielii
Boswellia dalzielii is a tree species in the family Burseraceae found in Africa. The bark of this plant is used in traditional medicines.

Gallic and protocatechuic acids were isolated as the main antibacterial and antioxidant principles of the stem bark of B. dalzielii. 4'-Methoxy-(E)-resveratrol 3-O-rutinoside, incensole and b-sitosterol were also isolated.

Gallic acid
Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C6H2(OH)3CO2H. It is classified as a phenolic acid. It is found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation.  Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed "gallates".

Its name is derived from oak galls, which were historically used to prepare tannic acid. Despite the name, gallic acid does not contain gallium.
Tergum
A tergum (Latin for "the back"; pl.: terga, associated adjective tergal) is the dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'margin'. A given tergum may be divided into hardened plates or sclerites commonly referred to as tergites.

In a thoracic segment, for example, the tergum may be divided into an anterior notum and a posterior scutellum. Lateral extensions of a tergite are known as paranota (Greek for "alongside the back") or carinae (Latin for "keel"), exemplified by the flat-backed millipedes of the order Polydesmida.

Kinorhynchs have tergal and sternal plates too, though seemingly not homologous with those of arthropods.

Tergo-tergal is a stridulatory mechanism in which fine spines of the abdominal tergites are rubbed together to produce sound. This process is known as abdominal telescoping.

Stridulation
Stridulation is the act of producing sound by rubbing together certain body parts. This behavior is mostly associated with insects, but other animals are known to do this as well, such as a number of species of fish, snakes and spiders. The mechanism is typically that of one structure with a well-defined lip, ridge, or nodules (the "scraper" or plectrum) being moved across a finely-ridged surface (the "file" or stridulitrum—sometimes called the pars stridens) or vice versa, and vibrating as it does so, like the dragging of a phonograph needle across a vinyl record. Sometimes it is the structure bearing the file which resonates to produce the sound, but in other cases it is the structure bearing the scraper, with both variants possible in related groups. Common onomatopoeic words for the sounds produced by stridulation include chirp and chirrup.
Boettcher Memorial Tropical Conservatory
The Boettcher Memorial Tropical Conservatory, located at Denver Botanic Gardens, is an iconic landmark in Denver, Colorado.

The tropical conservatory was designed in 1964 by Denver architects Victor Hornbein and Ed White Jr. and opened in 1966. Its structure consists of high, interlaced concrete arches inset with faceted Plexiglas panels, which suitably honor benefactor Claude Boettcher of the Ideal Cement Company. In 1973, it was awarded Denver Landmark status. The Boettcher Memorial Tropical Conservatory incorporates more than 11,000 sq. ft. of plants from tropical and subtropical regions, as well as a fabricated two-story banyan tree that offers a multi-layered view of the tropical forest.

Edward D. White Jr.
Edward Divine White Jr. (February 2, 1925 – April 29, 2017), FAIA, was an architect based in Denver, Colorado, whose forty-year practice (1955 through 1995) focused on contemporary architecture and historic preservation. Along with his architectural practice, White was lifelong friend to Jack Kerouac from 1947 to Kerouac's death in 1969. The pair exchanged over 90 letters and postcards during that time.
Rue d'Abbeville
The Rue d'Abbeville is a street in the 9th and 10th arrondissements of Paris. It derives its name from the proximity of the Gare du Nord (North Station) that serves the town of Abbeville, in Picardy in the Somme.

The street has two sections:

The first section, between the Place Franz-Liszt and the Rue de Rocroy, opened because of an ordinance dated 31 January 1827.  It was officially named the Route d'Abbeville in 1847.

The second section, between the Rue de Rocroy and the Rue de Maubeuge was opened because of an ordinance dated 3 August 1861, except for the portion between the Rue de Rocroy and the Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière that opened in 1894.

The street adopted its present name in compliance with a decree of 28 December 1894.

Several buildings on the street are regarded as examplars of Art Nouveau architecture from the Belle Époque.

10th arrondissement of Paris
The 10th arrondissement of Paris (Xe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, the arrondissement is referred to as le dixième ([dizjɛm]; "the tenth", formally le dixième arrondissement de Paris). In 2020, it had a population of 83,459.

The arrondissement, called Entrepôt (warehouse), is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. It contains two of the seven large mainline railway stations of Paris: the Gare du Nord and the Gare de l'Est. Built during the 19th century, these two termini are among the busiest in Europe. The 10th arrondissement also contains a large portion of the Canal Saint-Martin, linking the northeastern parts of Paris with the Seine.

The current mayor of the 10th arrondissement is Alexandra Cordebard since 2017.
King's College Hospital
King's College Hospital is a major teaching hospital and major trauma centre in Denmark Hill, Camberwell in the London Borough of Lambeth, referred to locally and by staff simply as "King's" or abbreviated internally to "KCH". It is managed by King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. It serves a local population of 700,000 in the London boroughs of Southwark and Lambeth, but also serves as a tertiary referral centre in certain specialties to millions of people in southern England.  It is a large teaching hospital and is, with Guy's Hospital and St. Thomas' Hospital, the location of King's College London School of Medicine and one of the institutions that comprise the King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre. The chief executive is Dr Clive Kay. It is also the birthplace of Queen Camilla.

Major trauma centre
A major trauma centre (MTC) is a specialist unit within the National Health Service of the United Kingdom, set up to provide specialised trauma care and rehabilitation. They are usually found within larger hospitals in major cities which have the necessary infrastructure and staff to deal with major trauma cases.

MTCs provide emergency access to life and limb saving consultant-led care in a wide range of specialisms including anaesthetics, orthopaedics, neurosurgery, geriatrics, and emergency medicine. All MTCs have an on-site CT scanner and emergency operating theatres on standby to perform immediate, life-saving surgery. All MTCs also provide consultant-led rehabilitation care, to optimise recovery at the earliest opportunity.

Major trauma is described as life-altering injury with risk of death or disability.

The first major trauma centre opened in England in 2012, with Scotland following in 2018, and in the same year plans were announced for the first MTC in Wales.
Count–min sketch
In computing, the count–min sketch (CM sketch) is a probabilistic data structure that serves as a frequency table of events in a stream of data. It uses hash functions to map events to frequencies, but unlike a hash table uses only sub-linear space, at the expense of overcounting some events due to collisions. The count–min sketch was invented in 2003 by Graham Cormode and S. Muthu Muthukrishnan and described by them in a 2005 paper.

Count–min sketch is an alternative to count sketch and AMS sketch and can be considered an implementation of a counting Bloom filter (Fan et al., 1998) or multistage-filter.  However, they are used differently and therefore sized differently: a count–min sketch typically has a sublinear number of cells, related to the desired approximation quality of the sketch, while a counting Bloom filter is more typically sized to match the number of elements in the set.

Streaming algorithm
In computer science, streaming algorithms process input data streams as a sequence of items, typically making just one pass (or a few passes) through the data. These algorithms are designed to operate with limited memory, generally logarithmic in the size of the stream and/or in the maximum value in the stream, and may also have limited processing time per item.

As a result of these constraints, streaming algorithms often produce approximate answers based on a summary or "sketch" of the data stream.
Eldo T. Ridgway
Eldo T. Ridgway (December 17, 1880 – October 12, 1955) was an American physician and politician.

Born in Knox, Indiana, Ridgway received his medical degree from Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital in Chicago, Illinois in 1906. He started his medical practice in Wautoma, Wisconsin and then moved to Elkhorn, Wisconsin in 1912. Ridgway served in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1921 to 1925 and was a Republican. From 1928 to 1934, Ridgway served as mayor of Elkhorn. He also served on the board of education and the Elkhorn City Power and Light Commission. Ridgway moved to California in 1944, but later returned and reopen his medical practice. He died in Lebanon, Illinois.

Elkhorn, Wisconsin
Elkhorn is a city in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Milwaukee. As of the 2020 census, it was home to 10,247 people, up from 10,084 at the 2010 census.
Roy Moore (wrestler)
Roy Moore (1893–1980) was an American wrestling and judo coach, best known for instituting the weight class system in judo. Moore was trained by professional wrestler Frank Gotch. He earned the World Wrestling Championship title in Chicago, beating judoka and wrestler Manjiro "Matty" Matsuda, who later became his judo coach. Moore went on to earn a fifth-degree black belt in judo. He later joined the US Navy.

At the request of judoka Jigoro Kano (1860–1938), Moore implemented the weight class system in judo. He later served as the first Olympic coach for Japan's wrestling team, in 1932. Moore
was described as a "forgotten pioneer of judo" in an article written by Haywood Nikosha.

Moore's son, Roy H. Moore Jr., was Japan's Olympic judo wrestling coach.

Roy H. Moore Jr.
Roy H. Moore, Jr, (June 29, 1921–2 January 2018) was an American wrestler and a former Olympic wrestling coach for Japan, after having served a number of years in the US Navy, where he worked as a medic, including at the Battle of Iwo Jima. Moore additionally taught judo at the Naval Training Center in San Diego, California. His father, Roy Moore, was also a judo and wrestling coach.
Periya, Kasaragod
Periya (also referred to as Periye) is a small township in Kasaragod District, Kerala State, India.

Periya is a small town located in Hosdurg of Kanhangad in the Kasaragod district, Kerala with total 3,100 families residing. The Periya village has population of 14,077 of which 6,718 are males while 7,359 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Periya the population of children with age 0-6 is 1494 which makes up 10.61% of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Periya village is 1095 which is higher than Kerala state average of 1084. Child Sex Ratio for the Periya as per census 2011 is 989, higher than Kerala average of 964.

Hosdurg taluk
Hosdurg is one of four taluks that constitute the Kasaragod District, Kerala. Others are Kasaragod, Manjeshwaram and Vellarikundu taluks. In the north, it borders Kasaragod taluk; in south, the Kannur District; in the east, Vellarikundu taluk; and in the west, the Arabian Sea. With an area of 900.3 km2 (90030 hectares), it was the smaller of the two taluks. Then Hosdurg bifurcated into Vellarikund and Hosdurg taluks in 2013 for ease of administration. Kanhangad and Nileshwaram are the municipalities within the taluk. Hosdurg (after which the taluk is named) is a kilometer south of Kanhangad town, the latter being the taluk headquarters. Other major settlements include Trikarpur, Cheruvathur and Udma. Bekal Fort tourism is situated in the taluk.
Ansuz (rune)
Ansuz is the conventional name given to the a-rune of the Elder Futhark, ᚨ.
The name is based on Proto-Germanic *ansuz, denoting a deity belonging to the principal pantheon in Germanic paganism.

The shape of the rune is likely from Neo-Etruscan a (), like Latin A ultimately from Phoenician aleph.

A
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is a (pronounced /ˈeɪ/ ⓘ AY), plural aes.

It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey |a| and single-storey |ɑ|. The latter form is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type.
Hundred of Vincent
The  Hundred of Vincent, South Australia is a hundred of the County of Buccleuch. west of Lake Alexandrina. The Hundred was founded in 1898, and is located at -34.973079681n and 139.844161987e, and the principal town of the hundred is Perponda, South Australia.

County of Buccleuch
The County of Buccleuch is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. It was proclaimed in 1893 and named for the sixth Duke of Buccleuch, William Scott, of Scotland. It is located east of the Murray River at the south western edge of the Mallee region.

The small locality of Buccleuch and its railway station are located at the centre of the county.
Zappa in New York
Zappa in New York is a double live album by Frank Zappa released on his own DiscReet Records label, distributed by Warner Bros. Records. It was recorded in December 1976 at a series of concerts at the Palladium in New York City.

The album was scheduled for release in mid-1977, but it was not generally available until March 1978. The album reached #57 on the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States.

Though it was on his own label, Zappa did not authorize the 1977 or 1978 releases of this album and Warner did no promotion. At the same time Zappa gave interviews which described his legal problems with Warner and former manager Herb Cohen.  The 1991 CD re-release was the first time the album was issued with Zappa's authorization.

Ed Mann
Edward L. Mann (January 14, 1955 – May 31, 2024) was an American musician best known for his mallet percussion performances onstage with Frank Zappa's ensemble from 1977 to 1988, and his appearances on over 30 of Zappa's albums, both studio recordings and with Zappa's band live.  Mann also released a number of CDs as a bandleader and composer.
Judgment of Paris (wine)
The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, also known as the Judgment of Paris, was a wine competition, to commemorate the United States Bicentennial, organized in Paris, France, on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier, a British wine merchant, and his American colleague, Patricia Gallagher, in which French oenophiles participated in two blind tasting comparisons: one of top-quality Chardonnays and another of red wines (Bordeaux wines from France and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from California).  A Napa County wine was rated best in each category, which caused surprise as France was generally regarded as being the foremost producer of the world's best wines.  By the early 1970s, the quality of some California wines was outstanding, but few took notice, as the market favored French brands. Spurrier sold predominately French wines and believed the California wines would not be favored by the judges.

The event's informal name "Judgment of Paris" is an allusion to the ancient Greek myth.

Bordeaux wine
Bordeaux wine (Occitan: vin de Bordèu; French: vin de Bordeaux) is produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France, around the city of Bordeaux, on the Garonne River. To the north of the city, the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the broad estuary called the Gironde; the Gironde department, with a total vineyard area of 110,800 hectares, is the second largest wine-growing area in France behind the Languedoc-Rousillon.

Average vintages produce over 700 million bottles of wine, ranging from large quantities of daily table wine to some of the world's most expensive and prestigious wines. The vast majority of wine produced in Bordeaux is red (sometimes called "claret" in Britain), with sweet white wines (most notably Sauternes), dry whites, and (in much smaller quantities) rosé and sparkling wines (Crémant de Bordeaux) collectively making up the remainder. Bordeaux wine is made by more than 5,660 producers or châteaux. There are 65 appellations of Bordeaux wine.
John Barbata
John Barbata (April 1, 1945 – May 8, 2024) was an American drummer who was active especially in pop and rock bands in the 1960s and 1970s, both as a band member and as a session drummer. Barbata served as the drummer for The Turtles, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Jefferson Airplane (for its final album and tour only), and Jefferson Starship (from 1974 to 1978). Barbata claimed to have played on over 60 albums in an uncredited capacity.

Thirty Seconds Over Winterland
Thirty Seconds Over Winterland is an album by the American psychedelic rock band Jefferson Airplane. It was recorded live in August and September 1972, at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago and the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco. It was released in April 1973; reflecting the band's declining commercial stature, it only peaked at No. 52 on the Billboard chart.

Recorded during the Long John Silver tour, Thirty Seconds Over Winterland was the band's second live album, after Bless Its Pointed Little Head. The complete final concert of this tour may be heard on the Last Flight CD, released in 2007.
Winniki, Opole Voivodeship
Winniki [vinˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Namysłów, within Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Before the end of the Second World War, the area was part of Germany (see Territorial changes of Poland after World War II).

Gmina Namysłów
Gmina Namysłów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Namysłów County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Namysłów, which lies approximately 48 kilometres (30 mi) north of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 289.95 square kilometres (112.0 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population was 26,145.
Legion of Super-Heroes (film)
Legion of Super-Heroes is a 2023 American animated superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. It is the sixth film in the DC Animated Movie Universe's second phase, and the overall 51st installment in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. The film follows Kara Zor-El / Supergirl as she trains alongside the members of the Legion of Super-Heroes from the 31st century, and battles the terrorist organization known as the Dark Circle. The film was directed by Jeff Wamester from a script by Josie Campbell while Jim Krieg and Kimberly S. Moreau served as producers, Butch Lukic as supervising producer, and Sam Register as executive producer.

The film was released on digital and to home video formats on February 7, 2023.

Phantom Girl
Phantom Girl (Tinya Wazzo) is a superhero appearing in books published by DC Comics, and is a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th and 31st centuries. In post-Zero Hour continuity, she is known as Apparition. She has the power to turn intangible, as do all other natives of her home planet, Bgztl. Her mother is Winema Wazzo, the president of the United Planets. Tinya’s ancestor Linnya Wazzo appears in DC's New Age of Heroes as a member of the Terrifics.

Phantom Girl has appeared in various media outside comics, primarily those featuring the Legion of Super-Heroes. She is voiced by Heather Hogan in Legion of Super Heroes (2006) and Kari Wahlgren in Young Justice, and portrayed by Mika Abdalla in The Flash.
Mountain View, North Carolina
Mountain View is a census-designated place (CDP) in Catawba County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,552 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Catawba County, North Carolina
Catawba County (/kəˈtɔːbə/ kuh-TAW-buh) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,610. Its county seat is Newton, and its largest community is Hickory.

The county is part of the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1999 Australian republic referendum
The Australian republic referendum held on 6 November 1999 was a two-question referendum to amend the Constitution of Australia. The first question asked whether Australia should become a republic, under a bi-partisan appointment model where the president would be appointed by the federal parliament with a two-thirds majority. This was the model that was endorsed by the Constitutional Convention, held in Canberra in February 1998. The second question, generally deemed to be far less important politically, asked whether Australia should alter the Constitution to insert a preamble.

Since the early 1990s opinion polls had suggested that a majority of the electorate favoured a republic in principle. Nonetheless, the republic referendum was defeated.

Preamble
A preamble (from Latin  preambulum 'preliminary, preface') is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy.  When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute.  It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law.

In the American context of parliamentary procedure, according to Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution.