hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johnny Lewis (footballer)
John Francis Lewis (13 September 1901 –  3 July 1973) was an Australian rules footballer in the (then) Victorian Football League, playing for both North Melbourne and Melbourne clubs.

Lewis, 191 cm and 99 kg, was a tough, hard ruckman who could carry the rucking load for the team during tough periods.

In 1926, Lewis applied for a clearance to coach the Rutherglen Football Club in the Ovens and Murray Football League, but his clearance was refused by North Melbourne.

In 1996 Lewis was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.

His brother, John Joseph "Bill" Lewis (1909–1949), played VFL football for North Melbourne. Lewis's great-grandson Daniel Venables played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League.

Daniel Venables
Daniel Venables (born 19 November 1998) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was the youngest member of the Eagles' 2018 premiership side.
Ishemai
Ishemai (fl. c. 2150 BC) was an ancient Egyptian official at the end of the Old Kingdom. He is mainly known from his rock cut tomb found at the Qubbet el-Hawa. Ishemai had several titles, including royal sealer, sole friend, lector priest, and great overlord of the king.

His rock cut tomb at Qubbet el-Hawa consists of one bigger main cult chapel and several smaller rooms. The main chapel is supported by three rock cut pillars. On the walls of the chapel and on one of the pillars are four panels. They contain painted reliefs, showing Ishemai in front of servants and offering beares. The paint on the reliefs is today still very well preserved.

Qubbet el-Hawa
24°06′06.37″N 32°53′20.97″E﻿ / ﻿24.1017694°N 32.8891583°E﻿ / 24.1017694; 32.8891583

Qubbet el-Hawa (Arabic: قبة الهوا) or "Dome of the Wind" is a site on the western bank of the Nile, opposite Aswan, that serves as the resting place of ancient nobles and priests from the Old and Middle Kingdoms of ancient Egypt. The necropolis was in use from the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt until the Roman Period.

The site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979 along with other examples of Upper Egyptian architecture, as part of the "Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae" (despite Qubbet el-Hawa being neither Nubian, nor between Abu Simbel and Philae).
Will the Boat Sink the Water
Will the Boat Sink the Water? The Life of China's Peasants is a 2006 non-fiction book authored by husband and wife team Chen Guidi and Wu Chuntao. It is the English translation of Zhongguo Nongmin Diaocha (中国农民调查, "An Investigation of Chinese Peasants"), published in Chinese in 2004.

The book features four cases of villages where there was excessive extraction of taxes and the like by local CCP cadres and peasant protest in response to this, in the poorer parts of predominantly rural Anhui province. It then provides a more analytical discussion of the historical background and the institutional sources of the conflicts between the local CCP leadership and the peasantry.

Wu Chuntao
Wu Chuntao (Chinese: 吴春桃; Chinese: 吳春桃; pinyin: Wú Chūntáo) is a Chinese author and journalist best known for co-authoring the award-winning Will the Boat Sink the Water (also known as A Survey of Chinese Peasants) with her husband, Chen Guidi. Born into a peasant family in rural Hunan province in 1963, Wu is a member of the Hefei Literature Association, and a recipient of 2004 Lettre Ulysses Award. Her investigative reportage has also earned her recognition from the U.S.-based journal Contemporary Age.
The Purity of Vengeance
The Purity of Vengeance (Danish: Journal 64) is a 2018 Danish crime thriller directed by Christoffer Boe. It is based on the novel Journal 64 by Jussi Adler-Olsen. It is the fourth installment of the Department Q film series, after The Keeper of Lost Causes (2013), The Absent One (2014), and A Conspiracy of Faith (2016).

Department Q
Department Q (Danish: Afdeling Q) is a series of ten Danish Nordic noir crime novels by author Jussi Adler-Olsen which have been adapted in an ongoing series of highly successful Danish films and a Scottish television adaptation for Netflix.
De Nuevos a Viejos
De Nuevos A Viejos (English: From New to Old) is the second studio album by Wisin & Yandel. It peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart and number 26 on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart. This album was nominated for a Latin Billboard Music Award.

Wisin & Yandel
Wisin & Yandel were a Puerto Rican reggaeton duo consisting of Wisin and Yandel. They started their career in 1998 and stayed together until 2023, winning several awards including a Grammy Award in 2009. They became the first and the only reggaeton artists to win one. In late 2013, they announced they would take a pause in their career as a duo, after their Líderes Tour. In a 2014 interview with People en Español, Yandel confirmed that the group would not be disbanding. In February 2018, following a five-year hiatus, the duo announced they would be reuniting, and were set to embark on a world tour, as well as release new music. They sold over 15 million records.

In 2022 at the BMI Latin Awards, the duo received the BMI President's award. Later that year, Rolling Stone described them as one of the most respected and long-lasting teams in reggaeton.
Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐstˌdɔʁf] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a  municipality located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps of southern Germany. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany, and being one of its highest towns, is known for its skiing and hiking parks.

At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.

Großer Krottenkopf
The Großer Krottenkopf is the highest mountain in the Allgäu Alps of Austria. It is 2,656 m (AA) and is part of a side branch of the Hornbach chain, which branches off the main chain of the Allgäu Alps and runs for about 15 km eastwards.
Forth Banks Power Station
Forth Banks Power Station was a coal-fired power station in North East England. It was situated in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne on Forth Banks, a street to the rear of Newcastle Central station. Put up in a disused factory building in 1890 by the Newcastle and District Electric Lighting Company (DisCo), it is notable as the first power station in the world to use turbo alternators, as well as being one of the first municipal power stations in the United Kingdom.

In its seventeen-year operating history, the station used various pieces of generating equipment and so had various generating capacities. It ceased to be used following an expansion of the nearby Close Power Station in 1907.

North East England
North East England, often referred to as simply the North East within England, is one of nine official regions of England. It consists of County Durham, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear and part of North Yorkshire. With 2.6 million residents in 2022, it is the least populous region of England. Its largest settlements include Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Gateshead, Darlington and Hartlepool. The North East is covered by two mayoral combined authorities: North East Combined Authority and Tees Valley Combined Authority. It is one of three regions, the other two being North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Beata Kitsikis
Beata Kitsikis (Greek: Μπεάτα Κιτσίκη; July 14, 1907, Heraklion, Cretan State – February 7, 1986, Athens), was a Greek feminist and a Communist fighter in the Greek Civil War at the end of the Second World War. She was born Merope Petychakis (Greek: Μερόπη Πετυχάκη). Her husband was Nicolas Kitsikis and her son was Dimitri Kitsikis. She also had two daughters, both University professors, Beata Maria Kitsikis Panagopoulos, an American citizen, and Elsa Schmid-Kitsikis, a Swiss citizen.

Beata Maria Kitsikis Panagopoulos
Beata Maria Kitsikis Panagopoulos (Greek: Μπεάτα Μαρία Κιτσίκη-Παναγοπούλου; June 27, 1925 – April 27, 2023) was a Greek-born American professor of art at San Jose State University. In 1982, she received the Academy of Athens annual award for the humanities. In 1992, she received the Hellenic American Professional Society of California's Axion Award.
Czyżkówko
Czyżkówko [t͡ʂɨʂˈkufkɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipka, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Złotów County.

Gmina Lipka
Gmina Lipka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipka, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-east of Złotów and 124 km (77 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 191.01 square kilometres (73.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,561.
American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.

Angela Jurdak Khoury
Angela Jurdak Khoury (Arabic: أنجيلا جرداق خوري; September 24, 1915 - May 29, 2011) was a Lebanese diplomat and college professor based in Washington, D.C. representative to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women CSW at its founding years during the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Glidden, Texas
Glidden is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Colorado County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 661. It lies just north of Interstate 10 and 3 miles (5 km) to the west of Columbus.

Colorado County, Texas
Colorado County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,557. Its county seat is Columbus. It is named for the Colorado River of Texas. The county was founded in 1836 and organized the next year.
Anthony of Padua
Anthony of Padua, OFM, or Anthony of Lisbon; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões (15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor.

Anthony was born to and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in Padua, Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history, being canonized less than a year after his death.

He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946.

Pila, Laguna
Pila, officially the Municipality of Pila (Tagalog: Bayan ng Pila),  is a municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 57,776 people.

The town is known for some well-preserved houses dating back to the Spanish period as well as the old Saint Anthony of Padua Parish Church, the first Antonine church in the Philippines.
Battle of Bucaramanga (1899)
The Battle of Bucaramanga (Spanish: Batalla de Bucaramanga) took place during the Santander Campaign of the Thousand Days' War in Colombia. It ended on 13 November 1899 with a victory of the Conservative forces over the Liberals after a two day battle. After an earlier defeat in a naval engagement on the Magdalena River, the Liberal rebels skirmished with the Conservative government around Piedecuesta in late October. The Conservative forces under General Juan B. Tovar conducted a fighting retreat to Bucaramanga.

At the start of November 1899, Liberal troops under General Benjamín Herrera seized Cúcuta from the Conservative garrison under Luis Morales Berti, providing a strategic base of operations for the rebels in Santander. Liberal General Rafael Uribe Uribe's forces soon advanced on Bucaramanga. They were ultimately repelled by Conservative General Vicente Villamizar, losing 1,000 dead and 500 wounded.

Rafael Uribe Uribe
Rafael Victor Zenón Uribe Uribe (12 April 1859 – 15 October 1914) was a Colombian lawyer, journalist, and general in the liberal party rebel army.

Uribe Uribe is best known for his political ideas in favor of the establishment of Guild socialism and trade unions in Colombia, his diplomatic work and his support of Colombian coffee growers in fighting diseases such as rust. One of his greatest contributions was, along with Benjamin Herrera, the founding of the Republican University that later became the Free University of Colombia. The Rafael Uribe Uribe Palace of Culture in Medellín is named after him.
Big Silver Creek
The Silver River, aka the Big Silver River and Big Silver Creek, or zácta in the St'at'imcets language of the In-SHUCK-ch people, is the second-largest stream entering Harrison Lake in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada (the largest is the 209-km long Lillooet River, at the head of the lake). Rising in the central Lillooet Ranges to the east of the lake, it is approximately 40 km in length; its main tributary is the Little Silver River.  A logging camp at its mouth was once a thriving community named Silver River.

Silver River, British Columbia
Silver River was a logging camp on the east side of Harrison Lake in British Columbia, Canada. The camp was located at the mouth of Big Silver Creek, which is also unofficially called the Silver River or Big Silver River.
Sweet Home, Oregon
Sweet Home is a city in Linn County, Oregon, United States, with a population of 9,828 at the 2020 census. Sweet Home is referred to as the 'Gateway to the Santiam Playground' due to its proximity to nearby lakes, rivers and the Cascade Mountains.

Linn County, Oregon
Linn County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2023 census population estimates, the population was 131,496. The county seat is Albany. The county is named in the honor of Lewis F. Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri who advocated the American settlement of the Oregon Country. Linn County comprises the Albany, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley. In 2010, the center of population of Oregon was located in Linn County, near the city of Lyons.
Ken Olsen
Kenneth Harry Olsen  (February 20, 1926 – February 6, 2011) was an American engineer who co-founded Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1957 with colleague Harlan Anderson and his brother Stan Olsen.

Gordon College (Massachusetts)
Gordon College is a private Christian college in Wenham, Massachusetts, United States. The college offers 44 majors, 55 concentrations, and 30 interdisciplinary and pre-professional minors as well as graduate programs in education, music education, public health and leadership. Gordon has an undergraduate enrollment of 1,610 (2024) 
students representing more than 50 Christian denominations.
Ludvig Munk
Ludvig Ludvigsen Munk (1537 in Vejle – 8 April 1602 at Nørlund castle, Funen) was a Danish official and Count. He was also referred to as Ludvig Ludvigsen Munk von Schleswig-Holstein and Ludvig Munk til Nørlund.

Vejle
Vejle (Danish pronunciation: [ˈvɑjlə]) is a city in Denmark, in the southeast of the Jutland Peninsula at the head of Vejle Fjord, where the Vejle River and Grejs River and their valleys converge.  It is the site of the councils of Vejle Municipality (kommune) and the Region of Southern Denmark. The city has a population of 62,011 (As of January 1. 2025), making it the ninth largest city in Denmark. 
Vejle Municipality has a population of 122,433 (as of January 2025), making it the fifth most populous municipality in Denmark. The city is part of the Triangle Region, which includes the neighbouring cities of Kolding and Fredericia. Vejle is located 110 kilometres (68 miles) north of Germany, 70 kilometres  (43,5 miles) from Aarhus and 240 kilometres (149 miles) from the capital Copenhagen.

Vejle is most known for its forested hills, wetlands, Vejle fjord, harbour, shopping, pedestrian street, windmill, and newly built award winning architecture.
Ulster Senior Cup (rugby union)
The Ulster Senior Cup is a knock-out competition for senior rugby union teams in the province of Ulster. It is administered by Ulster Rugby.

The most successful club is Queen's University with 24 wins. The current holders are Ballynahinch.

The winners compete with the other three provincial cup winners for the All-Ireland Cup.

Ballymena R.F.C.
Ballymena Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in the town of Ballymena, Northern Ireland, playing in Division 2A of the All-Ireland League. It is affiliated to the Ulster branch of the Irish Rugby Football Union. The club fields five adult teams and an under-20s team. In youth rugby, there are under-18s, under-16s and under-14s teams.
Arab Games
The Arab Games (Arabic: الألعاب العربية), also known as the Pan-Arab Games, are a regional multi-sport event held between nations from the Arab world. They are organized by the Union of Arab National Olympic Committees. The first Games took place in 1953 in Alexandria, Egypt. Intended to be held every four years since, political turmoil and financial difficulties have made the event an unstable one. Women first competed in 1985.

Union of Arab National Olympic Committees
The Union of Arab National Olympic Committees (acronym: UANOC; Arabic: إتحاد اللجان الأولمبية الوطنية العربية) is an international organization that unites the 22 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the Arab world. It is headquartered in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Bonin grosbeak
The Bonin grosbeak or Bonin Islands grosbeak (Carpodacus ferreorostris) is an extinct finch. It is one of the diverse bird taxa that are vernacularly called "grosbeaks", but it is not closely related to the grosbeaks sensu stricto. Many authorities place the species in the genus Carpodacus, but some place it in its own genus, Chaunoproctus. A 2013 genetic analysis found it to be a relatively basal member of the group, more derived than the common rosefinch, but with no close relatives, with an estimated divergence time from other members of the group around 12.5 million years ago.

Grosbeak
Grosbeak /ˈɡroʊsbiːk/ is a form taxon containing various species of seed-eating passerine birds with large beaks. Although they all belong to the superfamily Passeroidea, these birds are not part of a natural group but rather a polyphyletic assemblage of distantly related songbirds. Some are cardueline finches in the family Fringillidae, while others are cardinals in the family Cardinalidae; one is a member of the weaver family Ploceidae. The word "grosbeak", first applied in the late 1670s, is a partial translation of the French grosbec, where gros means "large" and bec means "beak".

The following is a list of grosbeak species, arranged in groups of closely related genera. These genera are more closely related to smaller-billed birds than to other grosbeaks. Exceptions are the three genera of "typical grosbeak finches", which form a group of closest living relatives and might thus be considered the "true" grosbeaks.
Suqualena Creek
Suqualena Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary of Okatibbee Creek.

Suqualena is a name derived from the Choctaw language purported to mean (sources vary) "creek on whose banks are camps" or "poor hog". A variant name is "Sookalena Creek".

The creek lends its name to the nearby community of Suqualena.

Suqualena, Mississippi
Suqualena, also spelled Sookalena, is an unincorporated community located in central Lauderdale County, Mississippi, United States, located approximately 9 miles (14 km) northwest of Meridian on Mississippi Highway 494 and is part of Meridian, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Kamaiʻole
Kamaiʻole is a chief mentioned in Hawaiian chants and legends. He was Aliʻi Nui ("king") by usurpation.

David Malo mentions that Kamaiʻole seized the kingdom of Kanipahu of Hawaii (the Big Island), who fled to the island of Molokai.

Kamaiʻole took many wives and many of his subjects were very angry at him. They asked priest Paʻao how to kill the chief.

He was later killed by Kalapana of Hawaiʻi, who then succeeded him on the throne.

Kalapana of Hawaiʻi
Kalapana was a High Chief who lived in ancient Hawaii.

Kalapana is also known as Kalapanakuʻioʻiomoa and Kalapaua. Kalapanakuʻioʻiomoa is his longest name that includes the nickname. He is commonly known as either Kalapa or Kalapana.
Stanisław Jaśkowski
Stanisław Jaśkowski (Polish pronunciation: [staˈɲsvaf jaɕˈkɔfskʲi]; 22 April 1906, in Warsaw – 16 November 1965, in Warsaw) was a Polish logician who made important contributions to proof theory and formal semantics. He was a student of Jan Łukasiewicz and a member of the Lwów–Warsaw School of Logic. He is regarded as one of the founders of natural deduction, which he discovered independently of Gerhard Gentzen in the 1930s. He is also known for his research into paraconsistent logic. He was the President (rector) of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń.

Proof theory
Proof theory is a major branch of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, facilitating their analysis by mathematical techniques. Proofs are typically presented as inductively defined data structures such as lists, boxed lists, or trees, which are constructed according to the axioms and rules of inference of a given logical system. Consequently, proof theory is syntactic in nature, in contrast to model theory, which is semantic in nature.

Some of the major areas of proof theory include structural proof theory, ordinal analysis, provability logic, proof-theoretic semantics, reverse mathematics, proof mining, automated theorem proving, and proof complexity. Much research also focuses on applications in computer science, linguistics, and philosophy.
Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (10 August 1528 – 17 November 1584) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruler of the Principality of Calenberg from 1545 to 1584. Since 1495 the Principality of Göttingen was incorporated in Calenberg.

He was the son of Eric I and Elisabeth of Brandenburg. While he was still a minor, his mother acted as Regent and introduced the Reformation in Calenberg, including her children's conversion. However, in 1547 Eric II declared his reconversion to Roman Catholicism, to the great concern of his mother.

Principality of Calenberg
The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover (from the Principality of Lüneburg) from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Their territory became the nucleus of the Electorate of Hanover, ruled in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1714 onwards. The principality received its name from Calenberg Castle, a residence of the Brunswick dukes.