hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TV9 Bharatvarsh
TV9 Bharatvarsh is an Indian Hindi-language news channel owned by the TV9 Network. Launched on 30 March 2019, it became one of the most viewed Hindi news channels in India within a year. TV9 Bharatvarsh appointed Barun Das as CEO in 2019. It has been doing 24/7 coverage of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

TV9 Network, also launched Money9,  a multilingual personal finance OTT Channel with seven language options in Hindi, English, Bangla, Telugu, Marathi, Gujarati and Kannada.

Barun Das
Barun Das (born 15 November 1969) is an Indian businessman and media personality, and the MD & CEO of TV9 Network (largest news network in India in terms of viewership numbers).
He is an alumnus of IIT Madras, IIM Calcutta and London School of Economics. He has over 25 years of experience in the Media sector, both in India and abroad – in top managerial positions.
Das was a member of the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and was a juror for the finals of the International Emmys.  A strategist from an early age, Das was selected for Junior National Bridge team.

Das was conferred with Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy by Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies in April 2023.
First Security Bank
First Security Bank is a privately held company based in Searcy, Arkansas. It currently operates 78 
locations across the state of Arkansas and is a division of Arkansas’ fifth largest bank holding company, First Security Bancorp. First Security owns the recognizable First Security Center in Downtown Little Rock, located in the historic River Market District.

Searcy, Arkansas
Searcy (/ˈsɜːrsi/ SUR-see) is the largest city in and the county seat of White County, Arkansas, United States. According to 2024 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 23,997.  It is the principal city of the Searcy, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of White County.  The city takes its name from Richard Searcy, a judge for the Superior Court of the Arkansas Territory.  A college town, Searcy is the home of Harding University and ASU-Searcy.
Jessica McCaskill
Jessica McCaskill (born September 8, 1984) is an American former professional boxer. She is a former world champion in two weight classes, having held the undisputed, IBO and Ring female welterweight titles; the WBC female super-lightweight title and the WBA female super-lightweight title. She also challenged for the WBA lightweight title.

Undisputed championship (boxing)
In boxing, the undisputed champion of a weight class is the boxer who simultaneously holds world titles from all major organizations recognized by each other and the International Boxing Hall of Fame. There are currently four major sanctioning bodies: WBA, WBC, WBO, and IBF. There were many undisputed champions before the number of major sanctioning bodies recognizing each other increased to four in 2007, but there have been only 24 boxers (11 male and 13 female) to hold all four titles simultaneously.
Pierre Toubert
Pierre Toubert (29 November 1932 – 5 June 2025) was a French historian. He was a professor of medieval history at the University of Paris and the Collège de France. Focusing on medieval history, his most monumental work is Les structures du Latium médiéval : Le Latium méridional et la Sabine du IXe siècle à la fin du XIIe siècle (1973), in which he outlines an influential, in-depth study of incastellamento (in English, encastellation) in the Lazio region of Italy.

Encastellation
Encastellation (sometimes castellation, which can also mean crenellation) is the process whereby the feudal kingdoms of Europe became dotted with castles, from which local lords could dominate the countryside of their fiefs and their neighbours', and from which kings could command even the far-off corners of their realms. The ubiquity of the castle is iconic of the Middle Ages.

The process was rather quick once the castle, as a distinct type of fortress, was introduced. However, it took different forms in different lands. The methods and reasons of encastellation differed based on law (who could legally build a castle), necessity (who needed a castle), and geography (where could castles be effectively built). The stone castle originated probably in the north of France in the tenth century. Older wooden castles, of the motte-and-bailey variety are probably older, though they were far more common until well into the twelfth century.
Finchingfield
Finchingfield is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of North Essex, England, a primarily rural area. It is approximately 6 miles (10 km) from Thaxted, with the nearest larger towns being Saffron Walden and Braintree. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,443.

Nearby villages include Great Bardfield, Great Sampford, and Wethersfield.

Jamie Oliver
Jamie Trevor Oliver MBE OSI (born 27 May 1975) is an English celebrity chef, restaurateur and cookbook author. He is known for his casual approach to cuisine, and he has fronted many television shows and opened numerous restaurants.

Oliver reached the public eye when his BBC Two series The Naked Chef premiered in 1999. In 2005, he started a campaign, Feed Me Better, to introduce schoolchildren to healthier foods, which was later backed by the government. He was the owner of a restaurant chain, Jamie Oliver Restaurant Group, which opened its first restaurant, Jamie's Italian, The chain went into administration in May 2019.

Oliver is a best-selling British non-fiction author. As of February 2019, Oliver had sold more than 14.55 million books. His TED Talk won him the 2010 TED Prize. In June 2003, Oliver was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire for "services to the hospitality industry".
If We Ever Meet Again
"If We Ever Meet Again" is a song by American producer and rapper Timbaland. It was released on December 1, 2009, as the fourth single from his third studio album Shock Value II (2009). The song features American singer Katy Perry and served as the album's second worldwide single. Timbaland's brother Sebastian also has uncredited vocals at the end of the song. "If We Ever Meet Again" reached number one in the Czech Republic and New Zealand while peaking within the top 10 in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The song was later included on the deluxe edition of Perry's third studio album, Teenage Dream.

Shock Value II
Shock Value II is the third studio album by the American musician Timbaland. It serves as the sequel to his previous album, Shock Value. Initially slated for a 2008 release, the project was pushed into 2009 and tentatively confirmed for November 23, 2009, through Blackground Records, Mosley Music Group and Interscope Records, however, it was pushed back once more and finally released on December 7, 2009, in the UK and December 8 in the US.

The album was supported by the successful singles "Carry Out" (featuring Justin Timberlake) and "Say Something" (featuring Drake). Unlike its predecessor, it expands beyond hip hop and R&B to include collaborations with alternative rock acts Chad Kroeger, Jet, the Fray and Daughtry, as well as pop artists Katy Perry, Miley Cyrus, JoJo, Melody Thornton, and Esthero. Upon release, Shock Value II performed moderately on the Billboard 200 and was met with unfavorable critical reception.
Ludwik Kalkstein
Ludwik "Hanka" Kalkstein (13 March 1920, in Warsaw– 26 October 1994, in Munich) was a Polish Nazi collaborator. He worked as a Nazi police agent during the German occupation of Poland and then as a Stalinist informant after the Soviet takeover of Poland. Along with his wife (Blanka Kaczorowska "Sroka", b. 13 October 1922 in Brest, d. 25 August 2004), they became traitors to the Polish AK resistance organization. Kalkstein was responsible for the arrest and execution by the Nazis of at least 14 officers of the Polish underground, including General Stefan Rowecki.

Collaboration in German-occupied Poland
During the German occupation of Poland, citizens of all its major ethnic groups collaborated with the Germans. Estimates of the number of collaborators vary. Collaboration in Poland was less institutionalized than in some other countries and has been described as marginal, a point of pride with the Polish people. During and after the war, the Polish government in exile (a member of the Allied coalition that fought Nazi Germany) and the Polish resistance movement punished collaborators and sentenced thousands of them to death.
Nicholas of Cusa
Nicholas of Cusa (1401 – 11 August 1464), also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus (/kjuːˈseɪnəs/), was a German Catholic bishop and polymath active as a philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician, and astronomer. One of the first German proponents of Renaissance humanism, he made spiritual and political contributions to European culture. A notable example of this is his mystical or spiritual writings on "learned ignorance", as well as his participation in power struggles between Rome and the German states of the Holy Roman Empire.

As papal legate to Germany from 1446, he was appointed cardinal for his merits by Pope Nicholas V in 1448 and Prince-Bishop of Brixen two years later. In 1459, he became vicar general in the Papal States. Nicholas has remained an influential figure. In 2001, the sixth centennial of his birth was celebrated on four continents and commemorated by publications on his life and work.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Outwork
An outwork is a minor fortification built or established outside the principal fortification limits, detached or semidetached. Outworks such as ravelins, lunettes (demilunes), flèches and caponiers to shield bastions and fortification curtains from direct battery were developed in the 16th century. Later, the increasing scale of warfare and the greater resources available to the besieger accelerated this development, and systems of outworks grew increasingly elaborate and sprawling as a means of slowing the attacker's progress and making it more costly. When taken by an enemy force, their lack of rear-facing ramparts left them totally open to fire from the main works.

An advanced work, a fortification detached and forward of the main castle or fortification, is sometimes referred to as a type of outwork or 'advanced outwork'.

The hornwork and crownwork are subtypes of outworks.

Hornwork
A hornwork is an element of the Italian bastion system of fortification.  Its face is flanked with a pair of half-bastions. It is distinguished from a crownwork, because crownworks contain full bastions at their centers. They are both outworks.
Spirovsky District
Spirovsky District  (Russian: Спи́ровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Maksatikhinsky District in the north, Likhoslavlsky District in the east, Torzhoksky District in the south, and with Vyshnevolotsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,498 square kilometers (578 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Spirovo. Population: 12,203 (2010 Census);  13,805 (2002 Census); 15,412 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Spirovo accounts for 51.4% of the district's total population.

Spirovo, Spirovsky District, Tver Oblast
Spirovo (Russian: Спи́рово) is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Spirovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population:  6,267 (2010 Census); 6,859 (2002 Census); 6,896 (1989 Soviet census). It is located on the banks of the Malaya Tigma River.
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) involving liver capsule inflammation leading to the formation of adhesions presenting with the clinical syndrome of right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain.

Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases. Given that, approaching the examination of a person and planning of a differential diagnosis is extremely important.

Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy. In a third of cases, the exact cause is unclear.
Bill Thompson (television host)
William Earnest Thompson (December 18, 1931 – July 23, 2014), better known as Wallace, co-hosted The Wallace and Ladmo Show, a daily children's variety show broadcast on KPHO-TV in Phoenix, Arizona for 36 years. The program featured short comedy skits and cartoons and was known for humor that appealed to adults as well as children.

The Wallace and Ladmo Show
The Wallace and Ladmo Show, also known as It's Wallace and Wallace & Company, is a children's television show produced by and aired on KPHO-TV (Channel 5) in Phoenix, Arizona, from April 1, 1954, to December 29, 1989. For most of its 35-year run, it was broadcast in the afternoon, Monday through Friday, and usually live.
Evelyn Otto
Evelyn Ikelau Otto (born March 24, 1989) is a Palauan former swimmer. She swam for Palau at the 2004 Summer Olympics and at the 2003 World Championships.

Otto competed in the women's 50 m freestyle at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by receiving a Universality place from FINA. Swimming in heat two, she posted a lifetime best of 33.04 to finish fifth and seventieth overall in the prelims.

Palau at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Palau was represented at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece by the Palau National Olympic Committee.

In total, four athletes including two men and two women represented Palau in three different sports including athletics, swimming and wrestling.
Weir
A weir /wɪər/ or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a body of water that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the water level. Weirs are used to control the flow of water for rivers, outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, industrial discharge, and drainage control structures. There are many weir designs, but commonly water flows freely over the top of the weir crest before cascading down to a lower level. There is no single definition as to what constitutes a weir. Weirs pose a serious danger to boaters and have been involved in several fatal drownings. They are sometimes colloquially referred to as drowning machines.

Weir can also refer to the skimmer found in most in-ground swimming pools, which controls the flow of water pulled into the filtering system.

Volumetric flow rate
In physics and engineering, in particular fluid dynamics, the volumetric flow rate (also known as volume flow rate, or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually it is represented by the symbol Q (sometimes ). Its SI unit is cubic metres per second (m3/s).

It contrasts with mass flow rate, which is the other main type of fluid flow rate. In most contexts a mention of "rate of fluid flow" is likely to refer to the volumetric rate. In hydrometry, the volumetric flow rate is known as discharge.

The volumetric flow rate across a unit area is called volumetric flux, as defined by Darcy's law and represented by the symbol q. Conversely, the integration of a volumetric flux over a given area gives the volumetric flow rate.
Troulloi
Troulloi or Troulli (Greek: Τρούλλοι [locally [ˈtrulːi]]) is a village in the Larnaca District, Cyprus. It is one of only four villages located within the United Nations Buffer Zone, the other three being Pyla, Athienou and Deneia. In 2011 Troulloi had a population of 1,175 people according to the Statistical Service of the Republic of Cyprus, 2014-04-17. The village's patron saint is Άγιος Μάμας (Saint Mamas), celebrated on 2 September each year.

Deneia
Deneia (Greek: Δένεια [locally [ˈðeɲˑa]]; Turkish: Denya) is a village in the Nicosia District of Cyprus, west of Mammari. It is one of only four villages located within the United Nations Buffer Zone, the other three being Pyla, Athienou and Troulloi.
SS Joseph Hewes
SS Joseph Hewes (MC contract 217) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Joseph Hewes, Secretary of the Naval Affairs in the 2nd Continental Congress and signer of the Declaration of Independence for North Carolina.

The ship was laid down by North Carolina Shipbuilding Company in their Cape Fear River yard on September 22, 1941, and launched on March 29, 1942. She was chartered to A. H. Bull Steamship Company upon completion in 1942 by the War Shipping Administration.  This was renewed in May 1947.  In August of that year it was chartered to the States Marine Corporation.  It was briefly operated in October 1948 by the South Atlantic Steamship Company before being laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Beaumont, Texas.  It was sold for scrap in 1967.

A. H. Bull Steamship Company
A. H. Bull Steamship Company was a shipping company and passenger liner service founded in New York City in 1902 by Archibald H. Bull (1848–1920). Service started with shipping between New York and Florida. His fleet of ships then added service to other Eastcoast ports. The company is also often called the Bull Lines and the Bull Steamship Line or A. H. Bull & Company. While founded in New York, Bull soon move its headquarter to Pier 5 in Baltimore, Maryland. Bull Lines main east coast ports were: Baltimore, Charleston, Philadelphia, Tampa and Norfolk, Virginia. Oversea ports: Porto Rico, Antwerp, Bordeaux, Hamburg, Bremen, Copenhagen, and West Africa. Bull Steamship Line supported the US war effort for both World War I and World War II, including the loss of ships.
Magaric languages
The Magar languages (or Magaric languages) are a small proposed family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Nepal and India, notably including Magar and Kham. (Ethnologue considers each to be a cluster of languages.) They are often classified as part of the Mahakiranti family, and Van Driem (2001) proposes that they are close relatives of Mahakiranti.

Several neighboring languages with uncertain affiliation may prove to belong to a larger Magar family ("Greater Magaric"). These are Chepangic, and possibly also Raji–Raute and Dura languages.

Thurgood & LaPolla (2003) included Kham in LaPolla's speculative 'Rung' proposal, but found the inclusion of Magar and Chepang less probable, suggesting that the evidence for even a Magar–Kham connection is far from clear-cut.

The Kaike language is also spoken by the Magar people, but is a Tamangic rather than a Magaric language.

Mahakiranti languages
The Mahakiranti or Maha-Kiranti ('Greater Kiranti') languages are a proposed intermediate level of classification of the Sino-Tibetan languages, consisting of the Kiranti languages and neighbouring languages thought to be closely related to them. Researchers disagree on which languages belong in Mahakiranti, or even whether Mahakiranti is a valid group. The group was originally proposed by George van Driem, who retracted his proposal in 2004 after a field study in Bhutan.
John Firth (folklorist)
John Firth (1838–1922) was a Scottish folklorist. He was born in Redland on Mainland, Orkney. He worked as a joiner and wheelwright and had a workshop in the village of Finstown, in the parish of Firth. He wrote Reminiscences of an Orkney Parish.

Mainland, Orkney
The Mainland, also known as Pomona, is the main island of Orkney, Scotland. Both of Orkney's burghs, Kirkwall and Stromness, lie on the island, which is also the heart of Orkney's ferry and air connections.

Seventy-five per cent of Orkney's population live on the island, which is more densely populated than the other islands of the archipelago. The lengthy history of the island's occupation has provided numerous important archaeological sites and the sandstone bedrock provides a platform for fertile farmland. There is an abundance of wildlife, especially seabirds.
Pointcheval–Stern signature algorithm
In cryptography, the Pointcheval–Stern signature algorithm is a digital signature scheme based on the closely related ElGamal signature scheme. It changes the ElGamal scheme slightly to produce an algorithm which has been proven secure in a strong sense against adaptive chosen-message attacks, assuming the discrete logarithm problem is intractable in a strong sense.

David Pointcheval and Jacques Stern developed the forking lemma technique in constructing their proof for this algorithm. It has been used in other security investigations of various cryptographic algorithms.

David Pointcheval
David Pointcheval is a French cryptographer. He is currently the Chief scientific officer (CSO) of Cosmian (on leave from CNRS), a French deeptech company in public cloud security. He is a Senior Researcher at CNRS, and the former head of the Computer Science Department and Cryptography Laboratory at the École normale supérieure.
He is mainly known for his contributions in the area of provable security, including the Forking lemma, the Pointcheval-Stern signature algorithm, and his contributions to Password-authenticated key agreement.
Pietro Ballo
Pietro Ballo (born October 2, 1952, in Palermo) is an Italian operatic tenor singer. He came from a family of laborers, and he himself worked in a quarry in Sicily before changing his professional orientation toward music. He enrolled in the school of singing at the Teatro Massimo in Palermo, then his operatic career started near the end of the 1980s, mostly in Italy, at various opera stages as well as concert halls.

During the 1970s he moved to Milan where he made his debut in such a role as Fenton in Verdi's Falstaff. He sang then roles of Rodolfo in La Bohème, Italian singer in Der Rosenkavalier, and Roland in Esclarmonde (Teatro Massimo, January 1993). In 1996 he was awarded with Beniamino Gigli Prize.

He made an impressive American television appearance in the Luciano Pavarotti specials of the 1990s "Pavarotti + Plus" singing with Shirley Verrett among others.

Esclarmonde
Esclarmonde (French pronunciation: [ɛsklaʁmɔ̃d]) is an opéra (French: opéra romanesque) in four acts and eight tableaux, with prologue and epilogue, by Jules Massenet, to a French libretto by Alfred Blau and Louis Ferdinand de Gramont. It was first performed at the Exposition Universelle on 15 May 1889 by the Opéra-Comique at the Théâtre Lyrique on the Place du Châtelet in Paris.

Esclarmonde is perhaps Massenet's most ambitious work for the stage and is his most Wagnerian in style and scope. In orchestral coloring and structure of melody, however, it follows French traditions. The opera has been revived sporadically in the modern era, most notably during the 1970s with Joan Sutherland, conducted by Massenet champion Richard Bonynge. The role of Esclarmonde is notoriously difficult to sing, with challenging stratospheric coloratura passages.