hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kern Resolution
The Kern Resolution, sponsored by Sen. John W. Kern (D) of Indiana and adopted on May 27, 1913, called for an investigation into the then ongoing Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912 in West Virginia.

The resolution would "seek to determine if a system of peonage existed in the strike zone, if immigration or postal laws were being violated, if strikers were being prosecuted contrary to Federal law, and if certain other conditions existed."

Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
The Paint Creek–Cabin Creek Strike, or the Paint Creek Mine War, was a confrontation between striking coal miners and coal operators in Kanawha County, West Virginia, centered on the area enclosed by two streams, Paint Creek and Cabin Creek.

The strike lasted from April 18, 1912, through July 1913.  After the confrontation, Fred Stanton, a banker, estimated that the strike and ensuing violence cost $100,000,000.  The confrontation directly caused perhaps fifty violent deaths, as well as many more deaths indirectly caused by starvation and malnutrition among the striking miners.  In the number of casualties it counts among the worst conflicts in American labor union history.

The strike was a prelude to subsequent labor-related West Virginia conflicts in the following years, the Battle of Matewan and the Battle of Blair Mountain.
Ocellularia aptrootiana
Ocellularia aptrootiana is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Sri Lanka, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists Gothamie Weerakoon, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch. The type specimen was collected from Mahailluppallama (Anuradhapura, North Central Province) at an altitude of 170 m (560 ft). Here, in a low-altitude, dry, semi-evergreen forest, it was found growing around a water tank. The specific epithet aptrootiana honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his important contributions to tropical lichenology and his help with the research by the first author". Ocellularia aptrootiana has a grey, smooth to uneven or cracked thallus up to convert 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The ascospores are hyaline, ellipsoid in shape, contain seven septa, and measure 20–25 by 6–7 μm. Secondary chemicals present in the lichen include psoromic acid, subpsoromic acid, and 2’-O-demethylpsoromic acids.

André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.
National Outdoor Book Award
The National Outdoor Book Award (NOBA) was formed in 1997 as an American-based non-profit program which each year presents awards honoring the best in outdoor writing and publishing. It is housed at Idaho State University and chaired by Ron Watters. It is sponsored by the National Outdoor Book Awards Foundation, Idaho State University and the Association of Outdoor Recreation and Education. As of 2021, awards have been presented in 13 categories, although not all categories are awarded in any given year.

The award is announced in early November of each year. Winning books are promoted nationally and are entitled to display the National Outdoor Book Award gold medallion.

John Fielder
John Fielder (August 2, 1950 – August 11, 2023) was an American landscape photographer, nature writer, the publisher of over 40 books, and a conservationist. He was nationally known for his landscape photography, scenic calendars (which have been published for over 30 years) and for his many coffee table books and travel guides—including Colorado's best-selling Colorado 1870–2000, in which he matched the same scenes of classic photographs taken in the 19th century by photographer William Henry Jackson.
Dum and Dummer
Dum and Dummer is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Young Dolph and Key Glock. It was released on July 26, 2019, through Young Dolph's label Paper Route Empire. The production on album was primarily handled by Bandplay.

Dum and Dummer was preceded by two singles: "Baby Joker" and "Ill". The mixtape received generally positive reviews from music critics and was a moderate commercial success. It debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 36,000 album-equivalent units in its first week. The mixtape later spawned a sequel, Dum and Dummer 2, released on March 26, 2021.

Young Dolph
Adolph Robert Thornton Jr. (July 27, 1985 – November 17, 2021), known professionally as Young Dolph, was an American rapper and record executive. He first garnered mainstream attention for his guest appearance on O.T. Genasis' 2015 single "Cut It", which peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. The following year, he released his debut studio album King of Memphis, which peaked at number 49 on the Billboard 200. His fifth album, Rich Slave (2020), peaked at number four on the chart.

Thornton founded the independent label Paper Route Empire in 2010, through which he signed his cousin in-law, fellow Memphis-based rapper Key Glock. On November 17, 2021, Dolph was murdered in his hometown of Memphis, Tennessee.
Matthew Murphy
Matthew Edward Murphy (born 23 July 1984) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. He is best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, and primary songwriter of The Wombats, which he co-founded in 2003. He began a solo career under the name Love Fame Tragedy in 2018.

A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation
The Wombats Proudly Present: A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation, usually shortened to A Guide to Love, Loss & Desperation, is the debut international studio album by English rock band the Wombats. It was released by 14th Floor Records on 5 November 2007. Most of the songs first appeared on the band's 2006 Japan-only album Girls, Boys and Marsupials. A DVD to accompany the album includes footage of the band at the South by Southwest festival, along with music videos from their recent singles.

The album was recorded at Rockfield Studios and reached No. 11 on the UK Albums Chart. It contains a pregap before the first track, which contains the band attempting to make wine glasses "ring" and extolling the virtues of the French wine Beaujolais, ending with them performing a mock advert for Beaujolais. The album had sold 335,361 copies in the UK as of April 2015.
Louisiana Highway 6
Louisiana Highway 6 (LA 6) is a state highway located in western central Louisiana.  It runs 54.52 miles (87.74 km) in an east–west direction from the Texas state line southwest of Many to U.S. Highway 71 (US 71) and U.S. Highway 84 (US 84) in Clarence.

The route connects Many and Natchitoches, the seats of the two parishes it traverses, Sabine and Natchitoches.  The bridge over the Toledo Bend Reservoir at the west end of LA 6 provides the only crossing of the state line between US 84 at Logansport, 44 miles (71 km) to the north, and LA 191 west of Leesville, 31 miles (50 km) to the south.

LA 6 is also steeped in history, as it roughly follows the El Camino Real de los Tejas, a National Historic Trail, and passes through Natchitoches, the oldest permanent settlement in the Louisiana Purchase.  Its significance as a scenic route has been recognized by its inclusion as part of the Louisiana Colonial Trails, one of the state-designated Louisiana Scenic Byways.

El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail
The El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail, also known as the Old San Antonio Road, is a national historic trail covering the U.S. section of El Camino Real de Los Tejas, a thoroughfare from the 18th-century Spanish colonial era in Spanish Texas, instrumental in the settlement, development, and history of Texas. The National Park Service designated  El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail as a unit in the National Trails System in 2004.

The modern highways Texas 21 (along with Texas OSR) and Louisiana 6 roughly follow the original route of the trail.
Chronicon Suevicum universale
The Chronicon Suevicum universale (German: Schwäbische Weltchronik, "Swabian World Chronicle"), written around 1045 in Latin, is a chronicle of universal history in the form of annals for the years from Creation down to 1043. It was once commonly associated with the monastery of Saint Gall, but is now thought to have been composed by a monk of Reichenau. On the first hypothesis, it has been called the Epitome Sangallense Herimanni Augiensis, a Saint Gall version of Hermann of Reichenau's chronicle. On the second, it has been called the Reichenauer Weltchronik.

Reichenau Abbey
Reichenau Abbey was a Benedictine monastery on Reichenau Island (known in Latin as Augia Dives) in southern Germany. It was founded in 724 by the itinerant Saint Pirmin, who is said to have fled Visigothic Spain ahead of the Moorish invaders, with patronage that included Charles Martel, and, more locally, Count Berthold of the Ahalolfinger and the Alemannian duke Hnabi. Pirmin's conflict with Hnabi resulted in his leaving Reichenau in 727.
Hohokam Stadium
Hohokam Stadium (previously spelled HoHoKam), also known as Dwight W. Patterson Field and formerly Hohokam Park (1997–2013), is a 10,500-seat baseball park located in Mesa, Arizona. The stadium, named for the Hohokam people who occupied the region from approximately AD 1 to the mid-15th century, was completed in January 1997 after the original Hohokam Stadium was demolished. In 2015, it became the spring training home of Major League Baseball's Athletics.  The 2015 stadium and facility refresh was led by Populous.

Hohokam Stadium has the largest scoreboard in the Cactus League, measuring 12 by 16 feet (3.7 by 4.9 m).

Mesa, Arizona
Mesa (/ˈmeɪsə/ ⓘ MAY-sə) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The population was 504,258 at the 2020 census. It is the third-most populous city in Arizona, after Phoenix and Tucson, the 37th-most populous city in the U.S., and the most populous city that is not a county seat (except for independent cities Washington, D.C. and Baltimore which are not part of any county). It is the most populous city in the East Valley of the Phoenix metropolitan area. It borders Tempe on the west, the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler and Gilbert on the south along with Queen Creek, and Apache Junction on the east.

At least ten colleges and universities were located in Mesa, as is the Mesa Arizona Temple, one of the first LDS temples constructed outside of Utah. The city is home to the largest relief airport in the Phoenix area, Mesa Gateway Airport, located in the southeastern corner of the city.
Rodaan Al Galidi
Rodaan Al Galidi (born 1971) is a Dutch writer of Iraqi descent. A trained engineer, he fled his native Iraq and came to the Netherlands in 1998. Al Galidi writes both prose and poetry in Dutch, a language he taught himself. His novel De autist en de postduif (The Autistic and the Carrier-pigeon) won the EU Prize for Literature.

He is also the author of Two Blankets, Three Sheets, which is a fictionalized account of his emigration experiences.

European Union Prize for Literature
The European Union Prize for Literature (EUPL), established in 2009, is a European Union literary award. Its aim is to recognise outstanding new literary talents from all over Europe, to promote the circulation and translation of literature amongst European countries, and to highlight the continent's creativity and diversity.
Waterloo Moraine
The Waterloo Moraine is a landform and sediment body that was created as a moraine in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, in Ontario, Canada. It covers a large portion of the cities of Waterloo and Kitchener and the township of Wilmot, and some parts of the townships of Wellesley and North Dumfries. About 90% of the water supply of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo is derived from groundwater of the Waterloo Moraine aquifer system.

During late 1989 and early 1990, groundwater contamination in Elmira forced the Region to shut down some well fields. As a result, new land use management guidelines and water protection measures have been enacted.

The Waterloo Moraine is the largest of fourteen moraines in the Region, spanning approximately 400 square kilometres. It is an interlobate moraine, consisting primarily of sand and gravel. It contains large aquifers, which discharge into the Grand River and its tributaries and maintain a base water flow rate into that system.

Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.
The Baddest (K/DA song)
"The Baddest" (stylized in all caps) is a song by virtual K-pop girl group K/DA. It was released on August 27, 2020, as the pre-release single from their debut extended play All Out. It is K/DA's first song since "Pop/Stars" in 2018. The song was composed by Riot Music Team in collaboration with Bekuh Boom. The song was accompanied by a lyric video which was uploaded to League of Legends official YouTube channel on the same day.

Soyeon
Jeon So-yeon (Korean: 전소연; born August 26, 1998), known mononymously as Soyeon, is a South Korean rapper and record producer, under Cube Entertainment. She first gained attention for competing in the television shows Produce 101 and Unpretty Rapstar before debuting as a solo artist on November 5, 2017. On May 2, 2018, she debuted as the leader and rapper of the K-pop girl group (G)I-dle, later changing their name to I-dle, for whom she has written and produced most lead singles.

In 2018, she joined SM Station X's girl group project Station Young, which released its debut song "Wow Thing" in September of that year. She has also portrayed the League of Legends character Akali in the virtual musical groups K/DA and True Damage.

Soyeon was promoted to a full member of the Korea Music Copyright Association on January 31, 2024.
Crooked Creek (Allegheny River tributary)
Crooked Creek is a tributary of the Allegheny River in both Armstrong and Indiana counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

Several covered bridges span the stream and its tributaries in Indiana County. The Thomas Covered Bridge crosses Crooked Creek in Armstrong Township. The Harmon's Covered Bridge crosses the South Branch Plum Creek and the Trusal Covered Bridge crosses Plum Creek, tributaries of Crooked Creek, in Washington Township.

Trusal Covered Bridge
The Trusal Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Washington Township in Indiana County, Pennsylvania. It is a 35-foot-long (11 m), Town truss bridge, constructed in 1870.  It crosses Plum Creek.  It is one of four remaining covered bridge in Indiana County.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Broseley, Missouri
Broseley is an unincorporated community in eastern Butler County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Route 51, approximately ten miles southeast of Poplar Bluff. Nyssa is two miles to the south and Batesville is two miles to the north.

The community was founded in 1915 by William N. Barron and is named after his wife's hometown of Broseley in England.

Twin Rivers R-X School District serves the community and operates Twin Rivers High School in Broseley.

Twin Rivers R-X School District
Twin Rivers R-X School District (Twin Rivers R-10 School District) is a school district headquartered in Broseley in unincorporated Butler County, Missouri. It was created in 1969 through the consolidation of the Fisk-Rombauer School District, Broseley School District, and Qulin School District. The Senior Class of 1970 decided on the name of the district, its mascot (The Royals), school colors of royal blue and white, the yearbook "The Royal Shield", and the newspaper, "The Royal Scepter".

It operates three schools: Twin Rivers High School in Broseley, Fisk School in Fisk, and Qulin School in Qulin.
Puttaparthi
Puttaparthi (IAST: Puṭṭaparthy) is a municipality and district headquarters of Sri Sathya Sai district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Puttaparthi mandal of Puttaparthi revenue division. The original name of Puttaparthi was Gollapalli. The town is located on the banks of Chitravathi River which is a tributary of Penna River, and is surrounded by undulating hills. It is widely known for the birthplace and deathplace of the Indian spiritual leader and guru Sathya Sai Baba and his ashram, Prasanthi Nilayam.

Puttaparthi revenue division
Puttaparthi revenue division is an administrative division in the Sri Sathya Sai district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the five revenue divisions in the district and comprises six mandals. The division was newly created along with the district on 4 April 2022.
Paithrukam
Paithrukam (Heritage) is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language drama film, directed by Jayaraaj, starring Suresh Gopi, Narendra Prasad, and Jayaram. Scripted by Kaloor Dennis, this film revolves around a traditional Brahmin family and the fight between their beliefs and atheism.

Kaloor Dennis
Kaloor Dennis is an Indian film scriptwriter and novelist. He works predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He started his career with Anubhavangale Nandi in 1979. He worked in more than 100 Malayalam movies with the areas of his contribution including script, story and dialogue. Popular movies scripted by him are Raktham (1981), Aa Rathri (1983), Sandarbam (1984), January Oru Orma (1986), Gajakesariyogam (1990), Mimics Parade (1991), Welcome to Kodaikanal (1992), Kudumbasametham (1992) and Paithrukam (1993). He won the 1992 Kerala State Film Award for Best Screenplay for Kudumbasametham His son Dinu Dennis has acted in the films Ottananayam (2005) and Ennitum (2006).
Stanton Crawford
Stanton Chapman Crawford (October 30, 1897 – January 26, 1966) was the thirteenth Chancellor (July 1965 – January 1966) of the University of Pittsburgh.

He was appointed Acting Chancellor, somewhat unwillingly due to health concerns, following the departure of Edward Litchfield. Crawford died of a heart attack January 26, 1966. The university honored him with the title of 13th Chancellor four months after his death.

Crawford first moved to Pittsburgh in 1922 as a graduate student. He received his doctorate in 1926 in zoology at the University of Pittsburgh, and became an instructor and eventually professor of biology starting in 1924. He served as Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1935 to 1956 and served as Secretary of the university and Dean of the Faculties.

Crawford Hall, completed in 1968 on Tennyson Avenue on Pitt's campus, is named in his honor.

Clapp/Langley/Crawford Complex
40°26′48″N 79°57′14″W﻿ / ﻿40.446788°N 79.953814°W﻿ / 40.446788; -79.953814
The Clapp-Langley-Crawford halls complex (often referred to as CLC) comprises three inter-connected buildings (Clapp, Langley, and Crawford Halls) and the Life Science Annex that house the Department of Biological Science and the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
Born Free
Born Free is a 1966 British drama film starring the real-life couple Virginia McKenna and Bill Travers as Joy and George Adamson, another real-life couple, who raised Elsa the Lioness, an orphaned lion cub, to adulthood and released her into the wilderness of Kenya. The film was produced by Open Road Films Ltd. and Columbia Pictures. The screenplay, written by blacklisted Hollywood writer Lester Cole (under the pseudonym "Gerald L.C. Copley"), was based upon Joy Adamson's 1960 non-fiction book Born Free. The film was directed by James Hill and produced by Sam Jaffe and Paul Radin.  Born Free, and its musical score, by John Barry, as well as the title song, with lyrics by Don Black and sung by Matt Monro, won numerous awards.

Lester Cole
Lester Cole (June 19, 1904 – August 15, 1985) was an American screenwriter. He was one of the Hollywood Ten, a group of screenwriters and directors who were cited for contempt of Congress and blacklisted for their refusal to testify regarding their alleged involvement with the Communist Party.
Lee Hang-na
Lee Hang-na (Korean: 이항나; born 22 February 1969) is a South Korean actress, model and director, professor. She is known for her roles in dramas such as Vincenzo, Train, and Black Dog: Being A Teacher. She has also appeared in movies like Svaha: The Sixth Finger, Time to Hunt, and Golden Slumber.

Vincenzo (TV series)
Vincenzo (Korean: 빈센조; RR: Binsenjo) is a 2021 South Korean television series starring Song Joong-ki as the title character, alongside Jeon Yeo-been, Ok Taec-yeon, Kim Yeo-jin and Kwak Dong-yeon. It aired on tvN every Saturday and Sunday at 21:00 (KST) from February 20, 2021 to May 2, 2021. It is also available for streaming on Netflix.

The first episode reached a 7.7% rating (AGB nationwide), making it the fourth highest-rated tvN drama premiere. The final episode received a 14.6% rating, making it the eighteenth highest-rated drama in Korean cable television history. It also made the series the sixth highest-rated drama in tvN's history.

The series was also popular among international viewers through Netflix, maintaining its position in the top 10 TV shows on Netflix in the world since its start and reached the fourth rank on April 26. It ranked fourth on Forbes list of most-viewed Korean series on Netflix in 2021.
Mirbat
Mirbat (Arabic: مرباط, romanized: Mirbāṭ) is a coastal town in the Dhofar governorate, in southwestern Oman. In 2020, the town had a population of 9,886, while the wilayat as a whole had a population of 16,364. It was the site of the 1972 Battle of Mirbat between Communist guerrillas and the armed forces of the Sultan of Oman and their British Special Air Service advisers.

Mirbat (Moscha) was involved in the export of frankincense in ancient times, to places as far away as China.

Mirbat also houses the mausoleum of Bin Ali.

Frankincense
Frankincense, also known as olibanum (/oʊˈlɪbənəm/), is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfume, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. The word is from Old French franc encens ('high-quality incense'). There are several species of Boswellia that produce  frankincense, including, but not limited to, Boswellia sacra (syn. B. bhaw-dajiana, syn. B. carteri), B. frereana, B. serrata (B. thurifera), and B. papyrifera. Resin from each is available in various grades which is affected by the time in which it is harvested. The resin is hand-sorted for quality.