hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franz Saurer
Franz Saurer (October 3, 1806 – November 28, 1882) was a German-born Swiss industrialist who founded the company which ultimately became the Adolph Saurer concern. He was also responsible for the positive economic development of the Arbon region. Through his estate his descendants endowed funds to build the city park of Arbon. He was the patriarch of the Saurer family.

Arbon
Arbon is a historic town and a municipality and district capital of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Arbon is located on the southern shore of Lake Constance, on a railway line between Konstanz/Romanshorn and Rorschach/Chur, or St. Gallen, respectively.

It is the site of prehistoric settlements reaching back 6500 years. Elements of the castle on the peninsula were part of a Late Roman defensive fortification that developed into a medieval town in the first half of the thirteenth century.

The official language of Arbon is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
John Rowan (psychologist)
John Rowan (31 March 1925 – 26 May 2018) was an English author, counsellor, psychotherapist and clinical supervisor, known for being one of the pioneers of humanistic psychology and integrative psychotherapy. He worked in exploring transpersonal psychology, and wrote about the concept of subpersonality.

Rowan was a qualified individual and group psychotherapist (UKAHPP and UKCP), a Chartered counseling psychologist (BPS) and was an accredited counsellor (BACP). He worked in private practice in London.

He described his therapeutic approach as humanistic, existential, authentic, relational and transpersonal. He was an exponent of the idea of the dialogical self, a later development of subpersonalities theory.

Subpersonality
A subpersonality is, in humanistic psychology,  transpersonal psychology and ego psychology, a personality mode that activates (appears on a temporary basis) to allow a person to cope with certain types of psychosocial situations. Similar to a complex, the mode may include thoughts, feelings, actions, physiology and other elements of human behavior to self-present a particular mode that works to negate particular psychosocial situations. American transpersonal philosopher Ken Wilber and English humanistic psychologist John Rowan suggested that the average person has about a dozen subpersonalities.

Many schools of psychotherapy see subpersonalities as relatively enduring psychological structures or entities that influence how a person feels, perceives, behaves, and sees themselves. John Rowan described it as a 'semipermanent and semi-autonomous region of the personality capable of acting as a person'.
Camila Avella
María Camila Avella Montañez (born June 26, 1995) is a Colombian  beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Colombia 2023. She was the first representative from Casanare to win Miss Universe Colombia. She represented her country at Miss Universe 2023 and placed in the Top 5. She was also the first married woman and mother to reach the Top 5 of Miss Universe.

Miss Universe
Miss Universe is an annual international major beauty pageant that is run by the Thailand and Mexican-based Miss Universe Organization. Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The Miss Universe Organization and its brand is owned by JKN Global Group and Legacy Holding Group USA Inc., an American division of Mexican company Legacy Holding through the joint venture company JKN Legacy Inc. Telemundo had the licensing rights to air the pageant through 2023. The pageant's advocacy is "humanitarian issues and is a voice to affect positive change in the world".

The reigning Miss Universe is Fátima Bosch from Mexico who was crowned on November 20, 2025, in Pak Kret, Thailand.
Empirica Capital
Empirica Capital LLC was a hedge fund founded in 1999 by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in partnership with Mark Spitznagel, that used Taleb's black swan strategy. The firm closed in 2005.: 157

The investment strategy of the fund has been explained in a New Yorker article. One of Empirica's funds, Empirica Kurtosis LLC, was reported to have made a 56.86% return in 2000 followed by returns of -8.39% in 2001, -13.81% in 2002, and -3.92% in 2003, according to an investor letter.

Taleb has stated that he shut down Empirica LLC, in 2005 to become a "writer and a scholar". At the time he also "feared he might have a recurrence of throat cancer."

In 2007 Spitznagel founded the firm Universa Investments L.P. with Taleb as an adviser using black swan portfolio hedging strategies similar to Empirica's.

Mark Spitznagel
Mark Spitznagel (/ˈspɪtsneɪɡəl/; born March 5, 1971) is an American investor and hedge fund manager. He is the founder, owner, and chief investment officer of Universa Investments, a hedge fund management firm based in Miami, Florida.

He is known as a pioneer in so-called "tail-hedging" or "black swan" investing, an investment strategy intended to provide "insurance-like protection" against stock market crashes.
Axel Ullrich
Axel Ullrich (born 19 October 1943) is a German cancer researcher and has been the director of the molecular biology department at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried, Germany since 1988. This department's research has primarily focused on signal transduction. Ullrich has received Hamdan Award for Medical Research Excellence, awarded by Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for Medical Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates in 2008 and Ullrich and his team received the Wolf Prize in 2010.

Trastuzumab
Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer and stomach cancer. It is specifically used for cancer that is HER2 receptor positive. It may be used by itself or together with other chemotherapy medication. Trastuzumab is given by slow injection into a vein and injection just under the skin.

Common side effects include fever, infection, cough, headache, trouble sleeping, and rash. Other severe side effects include heart failure, allergic reactions, and lung disease. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Trastuzumab works by binding to the HER2 receptor and slowing down cell replication.

Trastuzumab was approved for medical use in the United States in September 1998, and in the European Union in August 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
La patota (1960 film)
La patota (Lunfardo for "The gang" or "The mob") is a 1960 Argentine melodrama film directed by Daniel Tinayre. The film focuses on Paulina Vidal Ugarte (Legrand), a young attractive teacher who takes a professorship at a night school located in a marginal area of Buenos Aires, where she is gang-raped by a group of students.

La patota was written by Eduardo Borrás and starred Tinayre's wife Mirtha Legrand. The film was in competition for the Golden Bear at the 11th Berlin International Film Festival, where Tinayre was given the C.I.D.A.L.C. Award. Now considered a modern movie classic, La patota was remade as Paulina by director Santiago Mitre in 2015, with Dolores Fonzi playing the main role.

Mirtha Legrand
Rosa María Juana Martínez Suárez (born 23 February 1927), known by her stage name Mirtha Legrand (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmiɾta leˈɣɾan]; from the French le grand, "the great"), is an Argentine actress and television presenter. With an 80-year career, Legrand is one of the most recognized entertainment figures in Argentina. Legrand made her leading role debut in Los martes, orquídeas (1941) at only age 14, during the Golden Age of Argentine cinema, with starring roles in the 1940s and 1950s. Legrand appeared in the interview television programme Almorzando con las estrellas (Having Lunch with Stars), which first aired in 1968 on Alejandro Romay's Channel 9. The show was later renamed Almorzando con Mirtha Legrand (Having Lunch with Mirtha Legrand).

She is still active, being the host of her current show, La noche de Mirtha (Mirtha's Night), with the same format as previous editions, making her possibly the most veteran active TV host in the world.
Ulysses (American band)
Ulysses is an American indie rock band formed by Robert Schneider (lead vocalist of The Apples in Stereo) along with John Ferguson and Ben Fulton in early 2003. Robert Beatty (of Hair Police) joined later that year. They released their first album, 010, on October 26, 2004, through Eenie Meenie Records. PopMatters noted about it, "010 can be read as Schneider’s break-up record, as it’s lyrically more serious and self-loathing than anything in the Apples’ catalog." The album was released in mono.

Robert Beatty (artist)
Robert Beatty (/ˈbeɪti/ BAY-tee; born 1981) is an American artist and musician based in Lexington, Kentucky, best known for his noise band Hair Police, his solo project Three Legged Race, and most recently for his work designing album covers, including Tame Impala's Currents (2015), Kesha's Rainbow (2017), and limited-edition artwork for The Weeknd's Dawn FM (2022).
Ponaryo Astaman
Ponaryo Astaman (born 25 September 1979) is an Indonesian former professional football player. He was part of Indonesia national football team from 2003 until 2013. He was a captain for Indonesian football team. As a player, he already played for several clubs in Indonesia, such as PSM Makassar, Arema FC, Persija Jakarta, and Sriwijaya. He also played in Malaysia with Melaka TMFC in 2006.

He played for PSM Makassar in the 2004 AFC Champions League group stage, where he scored one goal. He played for Arema Malang in the 2007 AFC Champions League group stage.

Sriwijaya F.C.
Sriwijaya Football Club (Indonesian pronunciation: [sriwiˈd͡ʒaja]), commonly known as Sriwijaya FC or simply SFC, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Palembang, South Sumatra. The club competes in the Championship, the second tier of Indonesian football. But they will compete in the Liga Nusantara next season, following relegation from the 2025–26 season.

Founded on 23 October 2004, the team play their home games at Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium, which has a capacity of 23,000 spectators. The club won its first major honour, the Liga Indonesia Premier Division, in 2008. In the same season the club also won the Copa Indonesia, making them the first and only club in Indonesia to ever achieve the double. Sriwijaya have a fierce rivalry with nearby club Semen Padang, with whom they contest the Andalas derby.
Direction générale de l'armement
The Direction générale de l'armement (French pronunciation: [diʁɛksjɔ̃ ʒeneʁal də laʁməmɑ̃], lit. 'Directorate General of Armament', abbr. DGA), established in 1961, is the French Government defence procurement and technology agency, responsible within the Ministry of Armed Forces for project management, development, and purchase of weapon systems for the French military. The DGA's mission is to prepare the future of French defence systems, equip the French Armed Forces, as well as to promote French defence industry exports.

ENSTA Paris
The ENSTA Paris, officially École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées (transl. "National Higher School of Advanced Techniques"), is a French grande école of engineering. Founded in 1741, it is the oldest grande école in France. It is located in Palaiseau in the south of Paris, on the Paris-Saclay campus, and is a constituent faculty of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris. In 2021, 180 engineers graduated from the school.
Benton County Jail
The Benton County Jail is a historic county jail building at 212 North Main Street in Bentonville, Arkansas, United States. It is a two-story brick Classical Revival building, designed by A. O. Clark and completed in 1911.  It has pronounced limestone corner quoining, and its main entrance is flanked by Ionic columns and topped by a gabled pediment. The building is notable as a rare smaller-scale work by Clark.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Bentonville, Arkansas
Bentonville, Arkansas is a city in and the county seat of Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The city is centrally located in the county with Rogers adjacent to the east. The city proper had a population of 54,164 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth-most populous city in Arkansas. It is one of the four main cities in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

The city is the birthplace and headquarters of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. Bentonville is one of the fastest-growing cities in the state.
Lifted (Dallas Smith song)
"Lifted" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Dallas Smith for his second studio album of the same name (2014). The ballad about young love was written by Jeremy Stover, Jaren Johnston, and Zac Maloy, and is Smith's favourite song on the record. It was released to Canadian country radio on February 17, 2015 as the second single off the album, or fifth including the singles from Tippin' Point (2014).

Lifted (Dallas Smith album)
Lifted is the second solo album by Canadian country music artist Dallas Smith. It was released in Canada on November 25, 2014 via 604 Records. The album was available for pre-order on iTunes after the release of the single "Wastin' Gas," which was released on October 28, 2014. In the United States, Lifted was instead released via Big Loud Mountain Records as a six-song EP containing only the material not released on previous EP, Tippin' Point, except for a live recording of the title track.
Camille Flammarion Observatory
The observatory was established in Juvisy-sur-Orge in 1883 by the French astronomer and author Camille Flammarion. In March 2010, the structure was classified as a historical monument by the French Ministry of Culture. The observatory belongs to the Société astronomique de France.

E. M. Antoniadi
Eugène Michel Antoniadi (Greek: Ευγένιος Αντωνιάδης; 1 March 1870 – 10 February 1944) was a Greek-French astronomer. He is known for creating the Antoniadi scale as well as for his observations of the planets, and was a major opponent of the notion of Martian canals. He created some of the most detailed maps of Mars at the time, and many features on the planet are still known by the names he suggested. He also created the first map of Mercury, though it turned out to be incorrect.
One Two Bato, Three Four Bapor
One Two Bato, Three Four Bapor (lit. 'One Two Rock, Three Four Ship') is a 1988 Filipino comedy-drama film co-written and directed by Ben Feleo and starring Sheryl Cruz, Romnick Sarmenta, Eddie Garcia, Sylvia La Torre, Romy Diaz, Ian Veneracion, Harlene Bautista, Michael Locsin, and child actors Richard Gutierrez, and Raymond Gutierrez. Produced by Seiko Films, it was released on December 14, 1988. Critic Lav Diaz gave the film a mixed review, commending its honest focus on street children in the Philippines, while criticizing its commercial tendencies and implausible situations.

Romnick Sarmenta
Romeo "Romnick" Nicolas Sarmenta Tejedor (born April 28, 1972) is a Filipino actor, film producer and professor. Noted for his performances in a range of genres across film and television, he began his career as a child actor debuting in the series Gulong ng Palad. With a career spanning nearly five decades, his accolades included the Best Actor won from the Asian Television Award, a Gawad Urian and Summer Metro Manila Film Festival, in addition to numerous nominations from the FAMAS Awards and Young Critics Circle.
Globe Pit
Globe Pit is a 0.4-hectare (0.99-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Little Thurrock in Essex. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

Natural England describes Globe Pit as "an important site for the interrelationship of archaeology with geology since it is vital in the correlation of the Lower Palaeolithic chronology with the Pleistocene Thames Terrace sequence". Interpretation of the site is controversial, and it is therefore important for future research. There is a considerable quantity of Clactonian flint tools, dated by Paul Pettit and Mark White to MIS 10 to 9, around 350,000 years ago.

In the early 20th Century, the site was used for allotments which were recorded in two oil paintings by Francis van der Weegen in 1918 and 1928. These paintings have been described as 'rare examples of a very small number of pre-1939 depictions of English allotments'.

The site is on private land with no public access.

Francis van der Weegen
Francis van der Weegen (c. 1854 – 1930) was a Dutch artist who worked in the Netherlands and England primarily painting landscapes. He has five works listed by ArtUK. A further four works are recorded as being sold at auction.

He was married to Sophia with a daughter, Gabriella, who was herself married to Herbert Aldridge Abbot who was headmaster of Eggars Grammar School (Alton Hampshire). van der Weegen painted a number of landscapes of the school and the area around Alton. Abbot moved to Thurrock to become headmaster of Palmer's College in Grays, Essex. van der Weegen painted at least two landscapes of the area south of the college.
2021 Copa Paulino Alcantara
The 2021 Copa Paulino Alcantara was the third edition of the Copa Paulino Alcantara, the domestic football cup competition of the Philippines. United City (then called Ceres–Negros) won the previous edition in 2019, but withdrew from the 2021 edition. Kaya–Iloilo won their second title by defeating the Azkals Development Team 1–0 in the final. All matches were played at the PFF National Training Center in Carmona, Cavite.

Azkals Development Team
The Azkals Development Team, commonly referred to as ADT, is a Philippine developmental football club that last competed in Philippines Football League, before officially withdrawing from the competition in May 2023.

Founded in 2020, the team is under the jurisdiction of the Philippine Football Federation (PFF), while being managed similar to a professional club. Most of the club's players are members of the Philippines' youth national teams.

The team has a youth academy, called the Azkals Development Academy (ADA) where they are heavily investing in the academy as of 2023.
NoDa
NoDa (a portmanteau of "North Davidson arts") is a popular arts district in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It is located in the North Charlotte neighborhood centered around North Davidson Street and 36th Street, approximately two and a half miles northeast of Uptown. Formerly an area of textile manufacturing and mill workers' residences, the area has also served as a center for the arts.

NoDa shares the same geography as Historic North Charlotte which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The name "NoDa" was coined by architect Russell Pound. In addition to historic mill houses, NoDa has seen a boom in residential construction in multifamily housing in recent years.  The neighborhood has become an entertainment district focused on bimonthly gallery crawls.  In addition to the art galleries, there are several music venues, restaurants, bars, and shops in the neighborhood. Archived April 10, 2013, at archive.today

Charlotte Area Transit System
The Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) is the agency responsible for public transportation in the Charlotte metropolitan area. Established in 1999, CATS operates bus and rail transit services in Mecklenburg County and surrounding areas.  CATS is governed by the Metropolitan Transit Commission and is operated as a department of the City of Charlotte. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 14,297,800, or about 52,300 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
The Lakes School
The Lakes School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Troutbeck Bridge, Windermere, in the English county of Cumbria.

It is a comprehensive community school administered by Westmorland and Furness Council. Its catchment area includes: Grasmere, Langdale Valley, Ambleside, Troutbeck, Windermere, Bowness on Windermere and Staveley. The school also offers evening adult education classes to the local community.

Troutbeck Bridge
Troutbeck Bridge is a village in the civil parish of Windermere and Bowness, in the Westmorland and Furness district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. It is situated 1 mile (1.5 kilometres) north of Windermere on the A591 road running through the Lake District and was historically in the county of Westmorland. The main secondary school for Windermere and Ambleside, The Lakes School, is located in the village, as is the postal sorting office for the area. Troutbeck Bridge takes its name from where the road crosses the Trout Beck.

The community is served by a petrol station and convenience store, an inn and restaurant, a secondary school and a gym.
Interstate 635 (Texas)
Interstate 635 (I-635) is a 37-mile-long (60 km) partial loop around Dallas, Texas, in the United States between I-20 in Balch Springs and SH 121 at the north entrance of the DFW Airport in Grapevine. It intersects I-35E at exits 27B and 27C but does not connect with I-35W. I-635 and a part of I-20 are collectively designated as the Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway; known locally as the LBJ Freeway, or simply LBJ. The roadway is named after Lyndon B. Johnson, the former U.S. senator from Texas and the 37th vice-president and 36th president of the U.S. Where I-635 ends at I-20, I-20 continues the LBJ Freeway designation heading west. Since the portion of I-20 between Spur 408 to I-635 retains the same names as I-635, the two highways are considered three-quarters of the beltway around Dallas. Together with Spur 408, a portion of Loop 12, and a portion of I-35E, I-635 and I-20 complete the beltway.

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
4th Division (Japan)
The 4th Division (第4師団) is one of nine active divisions of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. The division is subordinated to the Western Army and is headquartered in Kasuga, Fukuoka. Its responsibility is the defense of the Fukuoka, Nagasaki, Ōita and Saga prefectures.

The division was established on 15 August 1962.

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 陸上自衛隊, Hepburn: Rikujō Jieitai), JGSDF (陸自, Rikuji), also referred to as the Japanese Army, is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three service branches.

New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct the Self-Defense Forces away from their Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a new focus on China, especially in respect of the dispute over the Senkaku Islands.

The JGSDF operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The present chief of staff is General Yasunori Morishita. The JGSDF numbered 247,000 soldiers in 2025.