hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niverville, Manitoba
Niverville is a town in the Winnipeg Metropolitan Region, Manitoba, Canada. The town lies between the northwest corner of the Rural Municipality of Hanover and the southeastern portion of the Rural Municipality of Ritchot. Niverville's population as of the 2021 census is 5,947, making it the largest town and 10th-largest community in Manitoba.

William Hespeler
William Hespeler (December 29, 1830 – April 18, 1921), born Wilhelm, was a German-Canadian businessman, immigration agent, and member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. He served as Speaker of the Legislature and as honorary consul of Germany to Winnipeg and the Northwest Territories. He was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle for his services to Germany.
Nelson Ogunshakin
Olawale Nelson Ogunshakin OBE (known as "Nelson Ogunshakin") is a British engineer and businessman. He is a former chief executive officer of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) based in Geneva, Switzerland. He was appointed to the board of Transport for London in September 2016.

International Federation of Consulting Engineers
The International Federation of Consulting Engineers (commonly known as FIDIC, acronym for its French name Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils) is an international standards organization for construction technology and consulting engineering. The organization is best known for the FIDIC suite of contract templates.
Alternating planar algebra
The concept of alternating planar algebras first appeared in the work of Hernando Burgos-Soto on the Jones polynomial of alternating tangles. Alternating planar algebras provide an appropriate algebraic framework for other knot invariants in cases the elements involved in the computation are alternating. The concept has been used in extending to tangles some properties of Jones polynomial and Khovanov homology of alternating links.

Hernando Burgos-Soto
Hernando Burgos Soto is a Canadian (Colombian born) writer and mathematician, professor of mathematics at George Brown College. He is the author of several math papers in which he introduced some mathematics concepts and extended to tangles some celebrated results of knot theory about the Khovanov homology and the Jones polynomial. During his career as a mathematician, his interests have included Mathematical Statistics, Knot Theory, Algebraic Topology and more recently Mathematical Finance.
He is comfortable writing in English and Spanish. When writing in Spanish, he works in the area of prose fiction writing short stories. Some of his short stories were published at the website Cuentos y Cuentos.
Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment
The Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment (MVEE) was a British defence research unit on Chobham Lane, Chertsey in Surrey. It was responsible for many innovations in armoured vehicle design, including ceramic Chobham armour.

Fort Halstead
Fort Halstead was a research site of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), an executive agency of the UK Ministry of Defence. It is situated on the crest of the Kentish North Downs, overlooking the town of Sevenoaks, southeast of London. Originally constructed in 1892 as part of a ring of fortresses around London, Fort Halstead was to be staffed by volunteers in the event of a crisis.

The base became home to the Projectile Development Establishment, the Ministry of Supply and later was the headquarters of the Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment (RARDE).
Kings of the Sun
Kings of the Sun is a 1963 DeLuxe Color film directed by J. Lee Thompson for Mirisch Productions set in Mesoamerica at the time of the conquest of Chichen Itza by Hunac Ceel. Location scenes were filmed in Mazatlán and Chichen Itza. The film marks the second project Thompson completed with Yul Brynner within a year — the other being Taras Bulba.

Shirley Anne Field
Shirley Anne Field (born Shirley Broomfield; 27 June 1936 – 10 December 2023) was an English actress who performed on stage, film and television from 1955 until her death. She was prominent during the British New Wave.
Sophia Hewitt Ostinelli
Sophia Hewitt Ostinelli (1799-1845) was an American classical musician who was a child prodigy who later became the only woman ever employed as an organist and accompanist by the Handel and Haydn Society in Boston, Massachusetts. She also became the second musician ever to perform the music of Beethoven in Boston.

Handel and Haydn Society
The Handel and Haydn Society is an American chorus and period instrument orchestra based in Boston, Massachusetts. Known colloquially as 'H+H', the organization has been in continual performance since its founding in 1815, the longest serving such performing arts organization in the United States.
U.S. Route 501
U.S. Route 501 (US 501) is a spur of U.S. Route 1. It runs 355 miles (571 km) from Buena Vista, Virginia at U.S. Route 60 to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at U.S. Route 17 Business.
It passes through the states of Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. From Durham to Laurinburg, a 108-mile (174 km) section of US 501 overlaps U.S. Route 15.
Sections of US 15-501 also share routings with U.S. Route 1 in sections near Sanford, North Carolina and Aberdeen, North Carolina.

Buena Vista, Virginia
Buena Vista (/ˌbjuːnə ˈvɪstə/ BEW-nə VIS-tə) is an independent city located in the Blue Ridge Mountains region of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,641. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the independent cities of Buena Vista and Lexington, along with surrounding Rockbridge County, for statistical purposes.

The city is located approximately 39 miles northwest of Lynchburg and 56 miles northeast of Roanoke.
South Dakota's 20th legislative district
South Dakota's 20th legislative district is one of 35 districts in the South Dakota Legislature. Each district is represented by 1 senator and 2 representatives. In the Senate, it has been represented by Republican Joshua Klumb since 2017. In the House, it has been represented by Republicans
Lance Koth since 2019 and Ben Krohmer since 2023.

Ben Krohmer
Ben Krohmer is an American politician. He has served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from the 20th district since 2023, alongside Lance Koth. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Winthrop, New York
Winthrop is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Stockholm in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 510.

The community is in northeastern St. Lawrence County, in the northeastern part of the town of Stockholm. It is bordered to the northeast by the community of Brasher Falls in the town of Brasher. The St. Regis River, a tributary of the St. Lawrence River, forms the southeastern border.

New York State Route 11C passes through Winthrop, leading southwest 3 miles (5 km) to U.S. Route 11 at Stockholm Center, and looping northeast, east, and south 8 miles (13 km) to rejoin Route 11 at Cotey Corners in the town of Lawrence. The village of Potsdam is 13 miles (21 km) southwest of Winthrop. State Route 420 crosses NY 11C in the center of Winthrop; it leads north-northwest 11 miles (18 km) to Massena and south 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to US-11.

Brasher, New York
Brasher is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 2,512 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Philip Brasher, an original landowner.

Brasher is in the northeastern corner of the county and is southeast of Massena.
Duke of Ayen
The title Duke of Ayen (duc d'Ayen) was created by King Louis XV on 12 March 1737 raising the former county of Ayen to a Dukedom. It was used as a courtesy title by the eldest son of the Duke of Noailles. The lineage of Dukes of Ayen are cousins to the Dukes of Mouchy, a cadet branch of the House of Noailles.

Duke of Mouchy
Duke of Mouchy  (Spanish: Duque de Mouchy) was a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1747 by Ferdinand VI to Philippe de Noailles, a French military officer. After failure of the 1st Duke's successors in inheriting the dukedom through the established legal procedures, the title expired in the Kingdom of Spain. Withal, it was bestowed by Louis XVIII on the eldest son of the 1st Duke in 1817 as a title in the French peerage.

The Dukedom of Mouchy has since been held by members of a cadet branch of the Noailles family. Owing to the political system of France, a republic, the title is unrecognised (as with all titles). The title could have nonetheless been rehabilitated legally in Spain prior to 1988, when a legal reform was made prohibiting titles with more than forty years of disuse from being revived.
Sanabria AV railway station
The Sanabria AV railway station (Sanabria Alta Velocidad) is a railway station located in Otero de Sanabria, Palacios de Sanabria, in Castile and León, Spain. Part of the Olmedo–Zamora–Galicia high speed line, it is served by Alvia services.

Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line
The Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line is a high-speed railway line in Spain that links the city of Madrid with the region of Galicia via the cities of Olmedo, Zamora, Ourense and Santiago de Compostela. The line also connects the Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line to the rest of the Spanish AVE high-speed network. The Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line is constructed as double electrified line and is designed for trains running at speeds up to 350 kilometres per hour (220 mph).
Haribhadra
Acharya Haribhadra Suri was a Śvetāmbara mendicant Jain leader, philosopher, doxographer, and author. There are multiple contradictory dates assigned to his birth. According to tradition, he lived c. 459–529 CE. However, in 1919, a Jain monk named Jinvijay pointed out that given his familiarity with Dharmakirti, a more likely choice would be sometime after 650. In his writings, Haribhadra identifies himself as a student of Jinabhaṭasūri of the Vidyadhara Kula. There are several, somewhat contradictory, accounts of his life. He wrote several books on Yoga, such as the Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya and on comparative religion, outlining and analyzing the theories of Hindus, Buddhists and Jains.

Doxography
Doxography (Greek: δόξα – "an opinion", "a point of view" + γράφειν – "to write", "to describe") is a term used especially for the works of classical historians, describing the points of view of past philosophers and scientists. The term was coined by the German classical scholar Hermann Alexander Diels.
Prince Jean (1934 film)
Prince Jean (French: Le prince Jean) is a 1934 French drama film directed by Jean de Marguenat and starring Pierre Richard-Willm, Natalie Paley and Nina Myral. The story had previously been made as a 1928 silent film Prince Jean.

Jean de Marguenat
Jean de Marguenat (2 May 1893 – 16 April 1956) was a French screenwriter and film director. He directed nineteen films including the 1937 British musical The Street Singer (1937).

Earlier in his life de Marguenat was an amateur auto racer, attempting a AAA Championship car race at the Atlantic City Speedway in New Jersey in 1926. He failed to qualify.
Singleton (global governance)
In futurology, a singleton is a hypothetical world order in which there is a single decision-making agency at the highest level, capable of exerting effective control over its domain, and permanently preventing both internal and external threats to its supremacy. The term was first defined by Nick Bostrom.

Nick Bostrom
Nick Bostrom (/ˈbɒstrəm/ BOST-rəm; Swedish: Niklas Boström [ˈnɪ̌kːlas ˈbûːstrœm]; born 10 March 1973) is a philosopher known for his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, whole brain emulation, superintelligence risks, and the reversal test. He was the founding director of the later defunct Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford and has become Principal Researcher at the Macrostrategy Research Initiative.

Bostrom is the author of Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy (2002), Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies (2014) and Deep Utopia: Life and Meaning in a Solved World (2024).

Bostrom believes that advances in artificial intelligence (AI) may lead to superintelligence, which he defines as "any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains of interest". He views this as a major source of opportunities and existential risks.
Giuseppe Cognata
Giuseppe Cognata (Agrigento, 14 October 1885 - Pellaro, 22 July 1972) was an Italian Catholic bishop and member of the Salesians of Don Bosco. He was the founder of the Salesian Oblates of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, a female religious institute of pontifical right. Due to accusations that were proved false many years after, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith condemned Mgr. Cognata to be dismissed of his condition of Bishop on 20 December 1939. Monsignor Giuseppe Cognata in Easter 1962 was reinstated by Pope John XXIII in the Episcopate, after the true came out. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith announced on 17 February 2020 that Pope Francis has given consent to open the Cause of Beatification of Mons. Giuseppe Cognata, S.D.B.

Salesian Oblates of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
Salesian Oblates of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (in Italian Salesiane Oblate del Sacro Cuore di Gesù with the abbreviation S.O.S.C.) is an institute of religious sisters of pontifical right of Italian origin founded by Salesian Bishop Mgr. Giuseppe Cognata in 1933 at Bova Marina, Italy. The institute belongs to the Salesian Family.
World Outside My Window
World Outside My Window is the debut album by Canadian singer Glenn Lewis. It was released by Epic Records on March 19, 2002. Chiefly produced by Dre & Vidal, the album featured two singles, "Don't You Forget It" and "It's Not Fair." It debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200, with 85,000 copies sold in the first week, and sold more than 377,000 copies in the United States.

Don't You Forget It
"Don't You Forget It" is an R&B song by Glenn Lewis, released in November 2001. Produced by Andre Harris, it was the first single from his debut album, World Outside My Window. In early 2002, the song became popular after its music video was released. The song, known for its strong Stevie Wonder influence, won the award for Best R&B/Soul Recording at the 2002 Juno Awards.
Miss America 2003
Miss America 2003, the 76th Miss America pageant, was televised live from Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on Saturday, September 21, 2002 on the ABC Network.  Erika Harold of Illinois won the pageant.

Erika Harold
Erika Natalie Louise Harold (born February 20, 1980) is an American attorney, politician, and former Miss America.

Harold was Miss Illinois 2002 and Miss America 2003.  Her pageant platform was combating bullying.  In 2014, she was a candidate in the Republican primary for the 13th Congressional District seat in the State of Illinois, ultimately losing the nomination to the incumbent, Rodney Davis.  In the 2018 election, she was the Republican nominee for Illinois Attorney General.
Collegium of Foreign Affairs
The Collegium of Foreign Affairs (Russian: Коллегия иностранных дел или иностранная коллегия Российской империи) was a collegium of the Russian Empire responsible for foreign policy from 1717 to 1832.

The Collegium of Foreign Affairs was created by Peter the Great as part of his government reforms to replace the existing posolsky prikaz, with Fyodor Golovin serving as its first president. It functioned as Russia's foreign ministry until it was replaced by the new Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1802, and continued to exist as a child agency of the ministry until it was abolished in 1832.

Government reform of Peter the Great
The government reforms of Peter I aimed to modernize the Tsardom of Russia (later the Russian Empire) based on Western European models.

Peter ascended to the throne at the age of 10 in 1682; he ruled jointly with his half-brother Ivan V. After Ivan's death in 1696, Peter started his series of sweeping reforms. At first he intended these reforms to support the Great Northern War of 1700-1721; later, more systematic reforms significantly changed the internal structure and administration of the state.
2016–17 CSA Women's Provincial League
The 2016–17 CSA Women's Provincial League was the 22nd edition of South Africa's provincial one-day cricket tournament. It ran from October 2016 to April 2017, with 16 provincial teams taking part. North West beat Gauteng in the final to win their first one-day title.

North West women's cricket team
The North West women's cricket team, also known as North West Dragons, is the women's representative cricket team for the South African province of North West. They compete in the CSA Women's One-Day Cup and the CSA Women's T20 Challenge.
SSPH Primus
The Singapore Self-Propelled Howitzer 1 (SSPH 1) Primus is a self-propelled howitzer armed with a 155 mm howitzer. Developed jointly by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA) and Singapore Technologies Kinetics (ST Kinetics), it was officially inducted to the Singapore Artillery in 2004. Primus is derived from the Artillery motto In Oriente Primus (Latin: "First in the East").

At the time of introduction in 2002, SSPH Primus was recognized as the world's lightest 155mm, 39 calibre tracked howitzer of its kind.

Singapore Artillery
The Artillery is a formation of the Singapore Army, comprising four active battalions—the 20th, 21st, 23rd and 24th Battalions—and an undisclosed number of reservist battalions. The primary role of the Artillery formation is to deliver timely, accurate and effective fire in support of the manoeuvre force to accomplish missions. As an indirect fire support system, the gunners rely on the forward observer and target acquisition elements to provide the target's location, which is then passed to the command post to direct the gunners to fire.

The unofficial motto of the Artillery formation is "Once a Gunner, Always a Gunner!"
2009 WA State Challenge Cup
Western Australian soccer clubs from the top three State-Based Divisions competed in 2009 for the WA State Challenge Cup, known that year as the Soccer Pools State Cup.  This knockout competition was won by Floreat Athena, their fifth title.

Floreat Athena FC
Floreat Athena Football Club is a soccer club based in Perth, Western Australia. The club competes in the National Premier Leagues Western Australia. The club's founders were of Greek heritage.

Floreat Athena has been crowned the Western Australian State Champions five times, League Premiers seven times, State Cup Winners eight times, and Night Series Champions nine times. In 1997, the club won all three trophies to claim its first ever treble.
Detroit Pulaski
The Detroit Pulaski Post Five were an American basketball team based in Detroit, Michigan that was a member of the American Basketball League.

The team became known as the Detroit Lions after the beginning of the 1926/27 season and dropped out of the league after 6 games in that season.

American Basketball League (1925–1955)
The American Basketball League (ABL) was an early professional basketball league. During six seasons from 1925–26 to 1930–31, the ABL was the first attempt to create a major professional basketball league in the United States.
FIA GT3 European Championship
The FIA GT3 European Championship was a sports car racing series organized by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO) and regulated by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).  It was a championship derived from the international FIA GT1 World Championship, but meant to provide competition for more amateur racers in closer to production cars. The series used extensive performance balancing and handicap weights to make cars more equal.

FIA GT3 European Championship races served as support races for the FIA GT1 World Championship races that took place in Europe.

Ferrari F430
The Ferrari F430 (Type F131) is a sports car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 2004 until 2009 as a successor to the Ferrari 360. The car is an update to the 360 with exterior and performance changes. It was unveiled at the 2004 Paris Motor Show.  The F430 was succeeded by the 458 which was unveiled on 28 July 2009. An estimated 16,750 F430s were produced between 2005 and 2009.
USS Hull (DD-945)
USS Hull (DD-945), named for Commodore Isaac Hull USN (1773 to 1843), was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer built by the Bath Iron Works Corporation at Bath in Maine. Laid down on 12 September 1956 and launched 10 August 1957, by Mrs. Albert G. Mumma.

Isaac Hull
Commodore Isaac Hull (March 9, 1773 – February 13, 1843) was a United States Navy officer who served in the Quasi-War, Barbary Wars and War of 1812. During his military career, he commanded the warships USS Argus, USS Chesapeake, USS President, and USS Constitution. During the War of 1812, Hull, commanding Constitution, captured the British frigate HMS Guerriere. He also served as commandant of the Washington Navy Yard and in the Mediterranean Squadron during the Second Barbary War. Hull died in Philadelphia at the age of 69 and was interred at the Laurel Hill Cemetery.
The Blue Diamonds (duo)
The Blue Diamonds were an Indonesian and Dutch 1960s rock and roll duo, best known for their million-selling chart-topping single, "Ramona". Indo (Dutch-Indonesian) brothers Ruud de Wolff (12 May 1941 – 18 December 2000) and Riem de Wolff (15 April 1943 – 12 September 2017) founded the group shortly after immigrating to Driebergen-Rijsenburg in the Netherlands in 1949. They were born in Batavia (now Jakarta), Indonesia.

Ramona (1928 song)
"Ramona" is a 1928 song with lyrics by L. Wolfe Gilbert and music by Mabel Wayne. Composed for the 1928 feature film Ramona, it was the first theme song written for the movies.

The original lyrics and music of the song entered the public domain in the United States in 2024.
Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Southwestern China
The campaign to suppress bandits in southwestern China was a counterinsurgency campaign waged by the forces of the Chinese Communist Party against the Chinese Nationalist guerrillas, mostly consisting of bandits and regular Nationalist forces not withdrawn from mainland China during the transfer of the Nationalist government to Taiwan. The campaign occurred after the conclusion of World War II during the Chinese Civil War in Southwest China. The Communist counterinsurgency campaign was ultimately successful.

Ma Hushan
Ma Hushan (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺧُﻮْ شً, traditional Chinese: 馬虎山; simplified Chinese: 马虎山; pinyin: Mǎ Hǔshān; 1910 – 1954) was a Chinese Muslim warlord and the brother-in-law and follower of Ma Zhongying, a Dungan/Hui Ma Clique warlord. He ruled over an area of Southern Xinjiang, called Tunganistan by Westerners (as the Hui were then known as 'Tunganis'), from 1934 to 1937. Locals sometimes referred to him as padishah (lit. 'king').
Surya Vamsam (1997 film)
Surya Vamsam (transl. Solar dynasty) is a 1997 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Vikraman. The film stars R. Sarathkumar and Devayani, with Radhika, Manivannan, Priya Raman, Nizhalgal Ravi, Tharini, Ajay Ratnam, Jai Ganesh, Shiva and Anandaraj in supporting roles. It revolves around a traditional father and his illiterate son, following their tense relationship and shows how the strict patriarchy causes a drift between them.

Surya Vamsam was released on 27 June 1997 and emerged one of the most successful Tamil films of the year. The film won six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Vikraman) and Best Actress (Devayani), while Sarathkumar won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil. It was remade into Telugu as Suryavamsam (1998), in Hindi as Sooryavansham (1999), in Kannada as Suryavamsha (1999) and in Bhojpuri as Dulha Milal Dildar (2005).

Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
The Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil is given by the Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards South for Tamil film lead actors. The Filmfare Awards South Awards were extended to "Best Actor" in 1972.