hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge
The Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge (ARNWR; formerly referred to as the U.S. Army's Fort Devens-Sudbury Training Annex) is a 2,230-acre (9.0 km2) protected National Wildlife Refuge located approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of Boston and 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the Eastern Massachusetts National Wildlife Refuge Complex Headquarters, along the Assabet River. It is located in portions of the towns of Hudson, Maynard, Stow and Sudbury. The Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge consists of two separate pieces of land. The larger northern section is just north of Hudson Road, extending north to the Assabet River. The southern section is located to the south of Hudson Road. There is a visitor center located in the northern section on Winterberry Way.

Hudson, Massachusetts
Hudson is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, with a total population of 20,092 as of the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Before its incorporation as a town in 1866, Hudson was a neighborhood and unincorporated village of Marlborough, Massachusetts, and was known as Feltonville. From approximately 1850 until the last shoe factory burned down in 1968, Hudson was a mill town specializing in the production of shoes and related products. At one point, the town had 17 shoe factories, many of them powered by the Assabet River, which runs through town. The many factories in Hudson attracted immigrants from Canada and Europe. Today most residents are of either Portuguese or Irish descent, with a smaller percentage being of French, Italian, English, or Scotch-Irish descent. While some manufacturing remains in Hudson, the town is now primarily residential. Hudson is served by the Hudson Public Schools district.
Kol language (Papua New Guinea)
The Kol language is a language spoken in eastern New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. There are about 4000 speakers in Pomio District of East New Britain Province, mostly on the southern side of New Britain island.

Kol appears to be a language isolate, though it may be distantly related to the poorly attested Sulka language or form part of the proposed East Papuan languages.

New Britain
New Britain (Tok Pisin: Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits) and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.  The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.

When the island was part of German New Guinea, its name was Neupommern ("New Pomerania").  In common with most of the Bismarcks it was largely formed by volcanic processes, and has active volcanoes including Ulawun (highest volcano nationally), Langila, the Garbuna Group, the Sulu Range, and the volcanoes Tavurvur and Vulcan of the Rabaul caldera. A major eruption of Tavurvur in 1994 destroyed the East New Britain provincial capital of Rabaul. Most of the town still lies under metres of ash, and the capital has been moved to nearby Kokopo.
Cam engine
A cam engine is a reciprocating engine where instead of the conventional crankshaft, the pistons deliver their force to a cam that is then caused to rotate. The output work of the engine is driven by this cam mechanism.

A variation of the cam engine, the swashplate engine (also the closely related wobble-plate engine), was briefly popular.

Cam engines are generally thought of as internal combustion engines, although they have also been used as hydraulic and pneumatic motors. Hydraulic motors, particularly the swashplate type, are widely and successfully used. Internal combustion engines, though, remain almost unknown.

The mechanical design of a cam engine differs from that of conventional crankshaft-driven internal combustion engines. The engine's design incorporates a cam mechanism instead of a crankshaft, presenting distinctive challenges and opportunities for enhancing performance.

Reciprocating engine
C. Crankshaft

E. Exhaust camshaft

I. Intake camshaft

P. Piston

R. Connecting rod

S. Spark plug

W. Water jacket for coolant flow

V. Valves

A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the Stirling engine for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then, in a diesel engine, or earlier, in a hot bulb engine.
Sparks, Nebraska
Sparks is an unincorporated community in Cherry County, Nebraska, United States. Its elevation is 2,602 feet (793 m). Sparks has a post office with the ZIP code 69220.

Businesses in the village include an outfitting company, Dryland Aquatics, that has served visitors to the nearby Niobrara River since 1980, Sparks Store, which houses the post office and Dryland Aquatics, and the Sparks Museum of History. Smith Falls is south west of Sparks.

Cherry County, Nebraska
Cherry County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 5,455. Its county seat is Valentine. The county was named for Lt. Samuel A. Cherry, an Army officer who was stationed at Fort Niobrara and was killed in South Dakota in 1881. Cherry County is in the Nebraska Sandhills. It is the state's largest county, at nearly 6,000 square miles (16,000 km2), larger than three states, Rhode Island, Delaware and Connecticut. In the Nebraska license plate system, Cherry County is represented by the prefix 66 (it had the 66th-most vehicles registered in the state when the system was established in 1922).
Pineapple Head
"Pineapple Head" is a song by Australian-New Zealand rock band Crowded House from their fourth studio album, Together Alone (1993). It was released as a single in September 1994 by Capitol Records.

The song was later included on the group's greatest hits compilation Recurring Dream. It was also performed by the band in their farewell concert Farewell to the World in 1996. The song was left off the initial VHS release and television broadcast, but was, however, restored for the tenth anniversary DVD release. In 2005, Natalie Imbruglia recorded a version of "Pineapple Head" to contribute to She Will Have Her Way, a tribute to Neil Finn and Tim Finn by various female musicians and bands.

She Will Have Her Way
She Will Have Her Way is a compilation album featuring female Australian and New Zealand musicians performing songs written by Neil Finn and Tim Finn (The Finn Brothers), members of Split Enz and Crowded House. A follow-up album, He Will Have His Way, featuring male artists, was released in 2010.
Wangensteen suction
A Wangensteen suction apparatus is a modified siphon that maintains constant negative pressure. Used on a duodenal tube, it relieves gastric and intestinal distention caused by the retention of fluid. It was first created by Owen Harding Wangensteen (1898–1981), the Chief of Surgery at the University of Minnesota. His novel approach to the most important cause of death during gastrointestinal surgery has since been credited with saving more than one hundred thousand lives.

Owen Harding Wangensteen
Owen Harding Wangensteen (September 21, 1898 – January 13, 1981) was an American surgeon who developed the Wangensteen tube, which used suction to treat small bowel obstruction, an innovation estimated to have saved a million lives by the time of his death. He founded the Surgical Forum at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and was renowned for his surgical teaching. Amongst his most notable students were Walton Lillehei, Christiaan Barnard, K. Alvin Merendino, Norman Shumway and Edward Eaton Mason. He made contributions to surgical practices in other areas, including appendicitis, peptic ulcers and particularly gastric cancer. In his later life, he showed a keen interest in the history of medicine and co-wrote a number of books on the subject with his wife.
Rewired: The Post-Cyberpunk Anthology
Rewired: The Post-Cyberpunk Anthology (ISBN 1892391538, 2007) is a collection of postcyberpunk short stories, published by Tachyon Publications and edited by James Patrick Kelly and John Kessel.  It features 16 short stories which fall into the loose categorization of postcyberpunk, intercut with excerpts from a series of letters exchanged by Kessel and fellow science fiction author Bruce Sterling in which they discuss and debate the nature of cyberpunk, the implication being that the issues which they raise have led to the formation of the postcyberpunk trend.

John Kessel
John Joseph Vincent Kessel (born September 24, 1950) is an American author of science fiction and fantasy. He is a prolific short story writer, and the author of four solo novels, Good News From Outer Space (1989), Corrupting Dr. Nice (1997), The Moon and the Other (2017), and Pride and Prometheus (2018), and one novel, Freedom Beach (1985) in collaboration with his friend James Patrick Kelly. Kessel is married to author Therese Anne Fowler.
Gene Fullmer
Lawrence Gene Fullmer (July 21, 1931 – April 27, 2015) was an American professional boxer and World Middleweight champion. He was known as The Utah Cyclone, The Mormon Mauler, and as "Cyclone" Gene Fullmer.

The Devil's Brigade (film)
The Devil's Brigade is a 1968 American DeLuxe Color war film filmed in Panavision, based on the 1966 book of the same name co-written by American novelist and historian Robert H. Adleman and Col. George Walton, a member of the brigade.

The film recounts the formation, training, and first mission of the 1st Special Service Force, a joint American-Canadian commando unit, known as the Devil's Brigade. The film dramatizes the Brigade's first mission in the Italian Campaign, the task of capturing what is considered an impregnable German mountain stronghold, Monte la Difensa.
Valeriy Dosenko
Valeriy Andriyovych Dosenko (born 25 April 1965) is a Soviet/Ukrainian rower. He won a gold medal at the 1986 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham with the men's quadruple sculls.  He competed for the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics and came seventh in the quad scull.

Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics
The Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics (Russian: Объединенная команда на Летних Олимпийских играх 1992) in Barcelona, Spain, was a joint team consisting of twelve of the fifteen former Soviet republics that chose to compete together; the states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania competed separately. The team has been informally called the Commonwealth of Independent States team, though Georgia was not yet a member of the CIS when it competed as part of the Unified Team. Selected athletes from the Baltic states also competed on the Unified Team. It competed under the IOC country code EUN (from the French Équipe unifiée). A total of 475 competitors, 310 men and 165 women, took part in 234 events in 27 sports.

The team finished first in the medal rankings, edging its old rival the USA 45 to 37 in gold medals, and 112 to 108 in total medals.

The Unified Team's only other appearance was at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
Theta characteristic
In mathematics, a theta characteristic of a non-singular algebraic curve C is a divisor class Θ such that 2Θ is the canonical class. In terms of holomorphic line bundles L on a connected compact Riemann surface, it is therefore L such that L2 is the canonical bundle, here also equivalently the holomorphic cotangent bundle. In terms of algebraic geometry, the equivalent definition is as an invertible sheaf, which squares to the sheaf of differentials of the first kind. Theta characteristics were introduced by Rosenhain (1851)

Johann Georg Rosenhain
Johann Georg Rosenhain (10 June 1816 in Königsberg – 14 March 1887  Berlin) was a German mathematician who introduced theta characteristics.

Rosenhain was born to a Jewish family, to Nathan Rosenhain and Röschen Joseph.
Stephen Rae (footballer)
Stephen Rae (born 30 April 1952) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda and Richmond in the Victorian Football League during the 1970s.

Aged just 17 when he debuted for St Kilda in 1969, Rae was a half forward and played in the Saints' losing 1971 VFL Grand Final team.

In 1973 he asked to be cleared to Richmond where his friend, Ian Stewart played, the club refused and after more tension with the coach he crossed to Richmond during the 1973 season and played in their premiership side that year before persistent injuries to his knees and hands caused his retirement from VFL football in 1974.

Rae then turned to umpiring, first in the country before moving to umpiring the VFL Under 19s. He then returned to playing football and coaching for clubs throughout Victoria and was the Vice-President of the Hampden Football League in 1990.

He had a business in which he tuned pianos.

1971 VFL grand final
The 1971 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the   Hawthorn Football Club and St Kilda Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1971. It was the 74th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1971 VFL season. The match, attended 118,192 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 7 points, marking that club's second premiership.
Whitespotted bamboo shark
The whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) is a species of carpet shark with an adult size that approaches one metre in length. This small, mostly nocturnal species is harmless to humans. The whitespotted bamboo shark is occasionally kept as a pet in larger home aquaria. It can grow up to 93 centimetres (37 in) long.

Belle Isle Aquarium
The Belle Isle Aquarium is a public aquarium located in Belle Isle Park in Detroit, Michigan. Designed by noted architects George D. Mason and Albert Kahn, it opened on August 18, 1904, and was the oldest continually operating public aquarium in North America when it closed on April 3, 2005. The aquarium was operated by the Detroit Zoological Society prior to the 2005 closure.

The aquarium reopened to the public on August 18, 2012, and is now run entirely by Belle Isle Conservancy, a 501(c)3 non-profit partner to Belle Isle park. The 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) historic building features a single large gallery with an arched ceiling covered in green glass tile to evoke an underwater feeling.
Martha Albrand
Martha Albrand (1914–1981), born Heidi Huberta Freybe Loewengard was a German-American novelist.  Albrand was the name of her Danish great-grandfather.

She was the sister of the actress Jutta Freybe and the writer Johanna Sibelius.

The film Captain Carey, U.S.A. was based on her novel After Midnight.

In 1950, the book After Midnight won the Grand Prix de Littérature Policière International Prize, the most prestigious award for crime and detective fiction in France.

Grand Prix de Littérature Policière
The Grand Prix de Littérature Policière (or the Police Literature Grand Prize) is a French literary prize founded in 1948 by author and literary critic Maurice-Bernard Endrèbe.  It is the most prestigious award for crime and detective fiction in France. Two prizes are awarded annually to the best French novel and to the best international crime novel published in that year.
Sanford-Fritch Independent School District
Sanford-Fritch Independent School District is a public school district based in Fritch, Texas (USA).

In addition to Fritch, the district serves the city of Sanford as well as rural areas in southwestern Hutchinson County. Small portions of Carson and Moore counties also lie within the district.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

In 2015, the school district received the highest accountability rating of "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Sanford-Fritch is the home of the "Eagles", their mascot. Sanford-Fritch ISD is classified as a 2a school district.

According to the districts website, the current Superintendent is Jim McClellan.

Carson County, Texas
Carson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,807. The county seat is Panhandle. The county was founded in 1876 and later organized in 1888. It is named for Samuel Price Carson, the first secretary of state of the Republic of Texas.

Carson County is included in the Amarillo, TX metropolitan statistical area.
Ubirajara (novel)
Ubirajara is the final of the "Indianist" novels by José de Alencar. It was first published in 1874; the title refers to the name of the principal character, Ubirajara, a young warrior in the Araguaia tribe.

José de Alencar
José Martiniano de Alencar (1 May 1829 – 12 December 1877) was a Brazilian lawyer, politician, orator, novelist and dramatist. He is considered to be one of the most famous and influential Brazilian Romantic novelists of the 19th century, and a major exponent of the literary tradition known as "Indianism". Sometimes he signed his works with the pen name Erasmo. He was patron of the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
Blondie on a Budget
Blondie on a Budget is a 1940 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton, Arthur Lake and Rita Hayworth. It is the fifth entry into the long-running Blondie series of films, which ran between 1938 and 1950.

Frank R. Strayer
Frank Raymond Strayer (September 21, 1891 – February 3, 1964) was an actor, film writer, director and producer. He was active from the mid-1920s until the early 1950s. He directed a series of 14 Blondie! (1938) movies as well.
LSZ reduction formula
In quantum field theory, the Lehmann–Symanzik–Zimmermann (LSZ) reduction formula is a method to calculate S-matrix elements (the scattering amplitudes) from the time-ordered correlation functions of a quantum field theory. It is a step of the path that starts from the Lagrangian of some quantum field theory and leads to prediction of measurable quantities.  It is named after the three German physicists Harry Lehmann, Kurt Symanzik and Wolfhart Zimmermann.

Although the LSZ reduction formula cannot handle bound states, massless particles and topological solitons,  it can be generalized to cover bound states, by use of composite fields which are often nonlocal. Furthermore, the method, or variants thereof, have turned out to be also fruitful in other fields of theoretical physics. For example, in statistical physics they can be used to get a particularly general formulation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.

Fluctuation–dissipation theorem
The fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT) or fluctuation–dissipation relation (FDR) is a powerful tool in statistical physics for predicting the behavior of systems that obey detailed balance. Given that a system obeys detailed balance, the theorem is a proof that thermodynamic fluctuations in a physical variable  predict the response quantified by the admittance or impedance (in their general sense, not only in electromagnetic terms) of the same physical variable (like voltage, temperature difference, etc.), and vice versa. The fluctuation–dissipation theorem applies both to classical and quantum mechanical systems.

The fluctuation–dissipation theorem was proven by Herbert Callen and Theodore Welton in 1951
and expanded by Ryogo Kubo. There are antecedents to the general theorem, including Einstein's explanation of Brownian motion
during his annus mirabilis and Harry Nyquist's explanation in 1928 of Johnson noise in electrical resistors.
Doctors' Wives (1971 film)
Doctors' Wives is a 1971 American drama film directed by George Schaefer and starring Dyan Cannon, Richard Crenna, Gene Hackman, Carroll O'Connor, Rachel Roberts, Janice Rule, Diana Sands and Cara Williams. It was based on a novel by Frank G. Slaughter.

The theme song, "The Costume Ball", was sung by Cass Elliot, billed in the opening credits as Mama Cass Elliot.

Frank G. Slaughter
Frank Gill Slaughter (February 25, 1908 – May 17, 2001), pen-name Frank G. Slaughter, pseudonym C. V. Terry, was an American novelist and physician whose books sold more than 60 million copies. His novels drew on his own experience as a doctor and his interest in history and the Bible. Through his novels, he often introduced readers to new findings in medical research and new medical technologies.
Boling Independent School District
Boling Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Boling, Texas in the United States.  Located in Wharton County, The district spans 147 square miles (380Km), a small portion of the district extends into Matagorda County.

Matagorda County, Texas
Matagorda County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 36,255. Its county seat is Bay City, not to be confused with the larger Baytown in Harris and Chambers Counties. Matagorda County is named for the canebrakes that once grew along the coast (matagorda is a Spanish word meaning "thick bush").

Matagorda County comprises the Bay City, TX micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Houston-The Woodlands, TX combined statistical area.
Jonas Vilčinskas
Jonas Vilčinskas, also known by his codenames Algirdas and Svajūnas (23 February 1930 – 19 September 1953) was an anti-Soviet Lithuanian partisan and the last commander of their Kęstutis military district.

Kęstutis military district
The Kęstutis military district (Lithuanian: Kęstučio apygarda, previously  Joint Kęstutis military district; Jungtinė Kęstučio apygarda) was a military district of Lithuanian partisans which operated from 1946 to 1959 in the counties of Tauragė, Raseiniai, Jurbarkas, Šiauliai, Joniškis, partially - Kėdainiai and Kaunas. The military district was named after the Grand Duke of Lithuania Kęstutis, and consisted of three units named Vaidotas, Birutė, Butigeidis. The district was home to some notable partisans, such as Jonas Žemaitis and Juozas Kasperavičius (its founder). The Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters was established in the area of the military district.
Andarsoy
Andarsoy (Russian and Tajik: Андарсой) is a village in Sughd Region, northern Tajikistan. It is part of the jamoat Tursun Uljaboev (formerly: Nov) in Spitamen District. The Isfana River, called the Andarsoy River in its lower course, flows through the village of Andarsoy.

Isfana River
The Isfana River (Kyrgyz: Исфана суусу; Uzbek: Isfana soyi or Isfanasoy; Russian: река Исфана), also called Isfanasoy and Andarsoy in its lower course, is a north-flowing transboundary river in Central Asia. It is approximately 69 kilometres (43 mi) long and flows through Razzakov, which was also called Isfana until 2022. The river's course runs through Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, from the Turkestan Range into the Syr Darya. Most of the river's water is diverted for irrigation or seeps into the ground, and as such it rarely reaches the Syr-Darya.

The Isfana is fed by unnamed glaciers on the northern flank of the Turkestan Range as well as groundwater. It has 31 tributaries, most of which meet in and around Razzakov. One of the several transboundary rivers in the Syr-Darya basin, the Isfana River flows parallel to the Khojabakirgan River. International donor organizations have supported the establishment of small basin councils in the Isfana River basin, particularly in Tajikistan.