hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Migratory aptitude
Migratory aptitude is the relative ability of a migrating group to migrate in a rearrangement reaction.  Migratory aptitudes vary in different reactions, depending on multiple factors.

In the Baeyer-Villiger reaction, the more substituted group, in general, migrates.  In the pinacol rearrangement, the order of migratory aptitude has not been determined unambiguously, but some trends have been determined. For example, relative migratory aptitudes for alkyl substituents is Hydride >C(CH3)3> C2H5 > phenyl > CH3.
More bulky groups have more tendency to migrate.

Pinacol rearrangement
The pinacol–pinacolone rearrangement is a method for converting a 1,2-diol to a carbonyl compound in organic chemistry. The 1,2-rearrangement takes place under acidic conditions. The name of the rearrangement reaction comes from the rearrangement of pinacol to pinacolone.

This reaction was first described by Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig (of Fittig reaction fame) in 1860.
Dirty Minds
Dirty Minds is a board game made by TDC Games in Itasca, Illinois. Created in 1988 by Larry Balsamo and Sandra Schaeffer, it was originally sold only in novelty and adult stores such as Spencer Gifts. Over its history, however, it has permeated the mainstream marketplace. The primary reason for its popularity is its use of sexual double entendres as clues to otherwise innocuous riddles. All of the clues are puns that may sound dirty on a first hearing, but actually refer to clean solutions. For example, the correct answer for the clue "The more you play with me the harder I get" is "Rubik's Cube".

TDC Games
TDC Games is a board game and jigsaw puzzle manufacturer formerly located in Itasca, Illinois. The company creates and sells family games, jigsaw puzzles, board games, and adult-oriented games. The company has merged with Wood Expressions of California.

Approximately 4,000 retail stores sell the company's games in the United States, and stores in other countries including United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand also sell TDC products. The company was run by its two founders, Larry Balsamo and Sandra Bergeson.
SNDMSG
SNDMSG was an early electronic mail program, chiefly notable because it was used to send what is considered the first networked email.

SNDMSG was originally the electronic mail program for a single multi-user time-sharing computer running the TENEX operating system. It allowed all users of the machine to send a simple form of email to each other. The program was extended by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 to allow sending to users on other computers accessible over the ARPANET, using the then introduced FTP Mail command and addressing them by appending the other system's host name after an "@" sign.

SNDMSG along with READMAIL were the key components of networked mail on TENEX.

Ray Tomlinson
Raymond Samuel Tomlinson (April 23, 1941 – March 5, 2016) was an American computer programmer who invented the first email program on the ARPANET system, the precursor to the Internet, in 1971; it was the first system able to send mail between users on different hosts connected to ARPANET. Previously, mail could be sent only to others who used the same computer. To achieve this, he used the @ sign to separate the username from the name of their machine, a scheme which has been used in email addresses ever since.

The Internet Hall of Fame in its account of his work commented "Tomlinson's email program brought about a complete revolution, fundamentally changing the way people communicate." He is credited with the invention of the TCP three-way handshake which underlies HTTP and many other key Internet protocols.
Hazelwood West High School
Hazelwood West High School is a public high school located in Hazelwood, Missouri. It is one of three high schools in Hazelwood School District (HSD) in St. Louis County, Missouri, the others being Hazelwood Central High School and Hazelwood East High School.

Hazelwood, Missouri
Hazelwood is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States, within greater St. Louis. It is a second-ring northern suburb of St. Louis. Based on the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 25,485. It is located north of St. Louis-Lambert International Airport and is situated on Interstates 270 and 170, as well as the much-traveled Lindbergh Boulevard and Highway 370.
Iranian Azerbaijanis
Iranian Azerbaijanis are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Iranian Azerbaijan region (including provinces of East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan and West Azerbaijan). They also live in smaller numbers in other provinces, such as Kurdistan, Qazvin, Hamadan, Gilan, Markazi and Kermanshah. Iranian Azerbaijanis constitute the largest ethnic minority in Iran and make up significant minorities in Tehran, Karaj, and elsewhere in Iran. Most Iranian Azerbaijanis are bilingual in Azerbaijani and Persian.

Sattar Khan
Sattar Khan (Persian: ستارخان, IPA: [sættːɒːɾ xɒn], October 20, 1866 – November 17, 1914), honorarily titled Sardār-e Melli (Persian: سردار ملی meaning National Commander) was a pivotal figure in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and is considered a national hero by the Iranian people.
Chaudière-Appalaches
Chaudière-Appalaches (French: [ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ], Quebec French: [ʃoˈd͡zjaɛ̯ʁ apaˈlaʃ]) is an administrative region in Quebec, Canada. It comprises most of what is historically known as the "Beauce" (French: La Beauce; compare with the electoral district of Beauce). It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains. Chaudière-Appalaches has over 50% of sugar maples in Quebec, thus producing the most maple syrup in Canada as well as the World.

Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 433,312 residents (as of the Canada 2021 Census) and a land area of 15,071.51 square kilometres (5,819.14 sq mi). The main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.

Chaudière River
The Chaudière River (French pronunciation: [ʃodjɛʁ]; French for "Cauldron" or "Boiler"; Abenaki: Kik8ntekw) is a 185-kilometre-long (115 mi) river with its source near the Town of Lac-Mégantic, in southeast Quebec, Canada. From its source Lake Mégantic in the Estrie region, it runs northwards to flow into the St. Lawrence River opposite Quebec City.
Feidhlimidh Mág Samhradháin
Feidhlimidh Mág Samhradháin, the Second, (anglicised Felim or Phelim McGovern) d. 20 January 1622, was head of the McGovern dynasty and Baron or Lord of Tullyhaw barony, County Cavan from before 1611 until his death on 20 January 1622.

Ballymagauran
Ballymagauran (Irish: Baile Mhic Shamhráin, meaning 'town of Mac Shamhráin'), historically known in English as Ballymagowran and also sometimes spelled Ballymacgovern or Ballymagovern, is a hamlet and townland in the west of County Cavan in Ireland. It lies on the border with County Leitrim, lying within both the civil parish of Templeport and the historical barony of Tullyhaw. Ballymagauran is located at the southern end of the barony of Tullyhaw on the R205 road between Ballinamore and Ballyconnell.
Martin Liao
Martin Liao Cheung-kong, GBM GBS JP (Chinese: 廖長江, born 1957) is a Hong Kong politician and barrister serving as a non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong. He has been the Chairman of the Hong Kong Jockey Club since August 2025. Liao was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for the Commercial (Second) constituency from 2012 to 2025, and was convenor of the pro-Beijing camp in the Legislative Council from 2016 to 2025. He previously served as a Hong Kong delegate to the National People's Congress from 2008 to 2023.

Gold Bauhinia Star
The Gold Bauhinia Star (Chinese: 金紫荊星章, GBS) is the highest rank in Order of the Bauhinia Star, under the honours system of Hong Kong, created in 1997 to replace the British honours system after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR).

It is awarded to individuals who have given distinguished service to the community or rendered public or voluntary services of a very high degree of merit.
Jeder stirbt für sich allein (1962 film)
Jeder stirbt für sich allein (Everyone Dies Alone) is a 1962 West German made for television political drama film based on a best-selling 1947 novel by Hans Fallada, itself based on the true story of a working class couple, Otto and Elise Hampel, who committed acts of civil disobedience against the government of Nazi Germany and were executed. Directed by former German Resistance member Falk Harnack—whose brother, sister-in-law and cousins were executed during the Nazi regime—it was the first screen adaptation of Fallada's novel.

Otto and Elise Hampel
Otto and Elise Hampel were a working class German couple who created a simple method of protest against Nazism in Berlin during the middle years of World War II. They wrote postcards denouncing Hitler's government and left them in public places around the city. They were eventually caught, tried, and beheaded in Berlin's Plötzensee Prison in April 1943. Shortly after the end of the war, their Gestapo file was given to German novelist Hans Fallada, and their story inspired his 1947 novel, translated into English and published in 2009 as Every Man Dies Alone (Alone in Berlin in the UK). The story was filmed in 2016 as Alone in Berlin.
Justin Crow
Justin Crow (born 16 July 1983) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Crow was recruited from the Oakleigh Chargers of the TAC Cup, but from Doncaster originally. In 2004 he made just one AFL appearance, in Collingwood's round 19 win over Fremantle at Subiaco Oval. He took two marks and had two kicks in the win. After leaving Collingwood he continued playing football with the Northern Bullants. Despite his minimal number of games for the senior team, Crow was the first Collingwood player to twice win the Joseph Wren Memorial Trophy for the best and fairest in the VFL team.

In 2013 Justin became the acting fitness coach at Essendon Football Club.

He is the son of Max Crow, who played for Essendon, St Kilda and Footscray.

Oakleigh Chargers
The Oakleigh Chargers is an Australian rules football club playing in the Talent League, the top statewide under-18 competition in Victoria, Australia. They are based at Warrawee Park in Oakleigh, Victoria, representing the southeastern suburban area of Melbourne.  The Chargers were one of two additional metropolitan clubs introduced to the competition in 1995 as part of a plan by the AFL to replace the traditional club zones with independent junior clubs.  This was to help aid in player development and the process of the AFL draft. In June 2008 the Chargers moved into a new pavilion at Warrawee Park, however they rarely play in Oakleigh, if at all. The chargers are aligned to Collingwood, Richmond & Port Melbourne.
The Chargers have had the past 2 #1 AFL Draft picks and last #1 AFL W Draft picks making them one of the most successful development programs in Australia.
Maharaja Krushna Chandra High School
Maharaja Krushna Chandra High School, Baripada, locally better known as MKC High School, is a high school in Baripada, Odisha. The high school was established in 1889. It is one of the oldest government schools in Odisha.

Baripada
Baripada (bāripadā) is a city and a municipality in Mayurbhanj district in the state of Odisha, India. Located along the east bank of the Budhabalanga river, Baripada is the cultural centre of north Odisha.

In recent years, it has emerged as an educational hub with the opening of numerous professional colleges.

The city is the headquarters of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha's largest district by area. It houses the office of the District collector, the Superintendent of Police and the Court of the District and Sessions Judge.
Carin Mannheimer
Carin Mannheimer (born Karin Birgitta Jacobson; 17 August 1934 – 11 July 2014) was a Swedish dramatist, screenwriter, author and film director, born in Osby, Sweden. She garnered acclaim with Rapport om kvinnor (Swedish: Report on Women), which was published in 1969. The book is a collection of interviews with Swedish women from the working class. This was during a time period of awakening feminism in Sweden when women were assumed to want to work outside the home. The interviews, however, revealed that many women did not want to work outside the home, would have preferred to care for their children but had no economic choice. For this reason, Mannheimer was criticized by the women's movement in Sweden, and the book established her reputation as a social critic.

Osby
Osby (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈûːsbʏ]) is a locality and the seat of Osby Municipality, Scania County, Sweden with 7,157 inhabitants in 2010 and 13,238 inhabitants in 2022. It is the birthplace of the toy manufacturer BRIO, whose museum, the BRIO Lekoseum, remains in the town.

Osby's history is tied to the arrival of the Southern Main Line railway in 1862. This development transformed Osby from a small farming village into a growing industrial hub, with sawmills, metal foundries, and other enterprises driving its expansion during the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Counting Bodies Like Sheep to the Rhythm of the War Drums
"Counting Bodies Like Sheep to the Rhythm of the War Drums" is a promotional single by the American rock band A Perfect Circle, off of their third studio album Emotive. While the album primarily consists of cover songs, the track, along with the lead single "Passive", were the only two original recordings. Containing many lyrical similarities with the track "Pet", from the previous album, Thirteenth Step, lead singer and lyricist Maynard James Keenan described the track as a continuation of the song. While the former refers to addiction, "Counting Bodies" focuses on political agendas.

Emotive (album)
Emotive (stylized as eMOTIVe) is the third studio album by American rock band A Perfect Circle. The album is primarily a collection of anti-war cover songs. It was released on November 2, 2004, via Virgin Records to coincide with the US presidential election. Two singles were released in support of the album; a cover of John Lennon's "Imagine", and "Passive", a previously unreleased song originating from the defunct Tapeworm project. The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart, though the band would not tour in support of the album, later entering a hiatus. It would be the band's last studio release until 2018's Eat the Elephant.
Chanel Harris-Tavita
Chanel Harris-Tavita (born 3 April 1999) is a Samoa international rugby league footballer who plays as a five-eighth or halfback for the New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League (NRL).

He has played for the Māori All Stars at representative level.

Samoa national rugby league team
The Samoa national rugby league team represents Samoa in rugby league football and has participated in international competition since 1986. Known as Western Samoa before 1997, the team is administered by Rugby League Samoa and are nicknamed Toa Samoa (English: Samoan Warriors).
Queso Chihuahua
In Mexico, queso Chihuahua is commonly recognized as a soft white cheese available in braids, balls or rounds and originates in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. In Chihuahua and neighboring states, it is called queso menonita, after the Mennonite communities of Northern Mexico that first produced it, while elsewhere it is called queso Chihuahua. This cheese is now made by both Mennonites and non-Mennonites throughout the state and is popular all over the country.

Queso Chihuahua is good for melting and is similar to a mild white Cheddar or Monterey Jack.  It may be used in queso fundido (fondue style melted cheese), choriqueso, quesadillas, chilaquiles, chili con queso, or sauces. The physicochemical specifications for Chihuahua cheese are 45% maximum moisture, 26% minimum butterfat, 22% minimum milk protein, 55% minimum total solids, 6.5% maximum ash, and a pH of 5.0 to 5.5.

Quesadilla
A quesadilla (/ˌkeɪsəˈdiːjə/; Spanish: [kesaˈðiʝa] ⓘ; Spanish diminutive of quesada) is a Mexican dish made from a tortilla folded in half or two tortillas that are filled with cheese (queso), and sometimes meats, spices, and other fillings, and then cooked on a griddle or stove. Traditionally, corn tortillas are used, but the dish can also be made with flour tortillas. Quesadillas are frequently sold at Mexican restaurants all over the world.
2023 Pennzoil 150
The 2023 Pennzoil 150 Presented by Advance Auto Parts was the 22nd stock car race of the 2023 NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the 20th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, August 12, 2023, in Speedway, Indiana at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course, a 2.439 miles (3.925 km) permanent road course. The race took the scheduled 62 laps to complete. Ty Gibbs, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, would dominate the final 15 laps of the race, and earn his 12th career NASCAR Xfinity Series win, and his first of the season. Gibbs and A. J. Allmendinger would dominate the entire race, leading 28 and 21 laps, respectively. To fill out the podium, Sam Mayer, driving for JR Motorsports, and Allmendinger, driving for Kaulig Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Ty Gibbs
Tyler Randall Gibbs (born October 4, 2002) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 54 Toyota Camry XSE for Joe Gibbs Racing. Gibbs was the 2022 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion and 2021 ARCA Menards Series champion. He is the grandson of former NFL Hall-of-Famer and NASCAR team owner Joe Gibbs. He is also the owner of JGR's No. 54 in the O'Reilly Auto Parts Series.
Chinese corvette Yangwu
Yangwu (Chinese: 揚武; pinyin: Yangwu; Wade–Giles: Yang-wu or Yang Woo) was a wooden corvette built for the Imperial Chinese Navy. She was built in 1872 at the Foochow Arsenal, and was the largest ship built there from the shipbuilding programme of 1868–75. During her early career, she was used as a training ship and under the command of English captains. She later saw action in the Battle of Fuzhou in 1884, the opening action of the Sino-French War, where she acted as the flagship of the Fujian Fleet. Shortly after the start of the battle, she was damaged by a spar torpedo, causing a large explosion and the loss of the majority of her crew; she was sunk shortly afterwards by enemy fire.

Spar torpedo
A spar torpedo is a weapon consisting of a bomb placed at the end of a long pole, or spar, and attached to a boat. It was used by driving the spar directly into an enemy vessel. These torpedoes often had a barbed tip so they could lodge into wooden hulls, after which a fuse would be triggered to cause the explosion.
Sudhindranath Kumar
Sudhindranath Kumar (1918-1984) was an Indian politician, belonging to the Revolutionary Communist Party of India. He served as general secretary of the party 1960–1984, represented Howrah Central constituency in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and served as Food Minister of the state in 1969 and 1977–1982.

Revolutionary Communist Party of India
The Revolutionary Communist Party of India (abbreviated as RCPI) is a political party in India. The party was founded as the Communist League by Saumyendranath Tagore in 1934, breaking away from the Communist Party of India (CPI). RCPI led armed uprisings after the independence of India, but later shifted to parliamentary politics. The party is active in Assam, Kerala, West Bengal, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The party was represented in the West Bengal government while being a part of Second United Front Cabinet (1969) as well as in various state government during the Left Front rule in the state (1977–2011). In Assam, the party won four Legislative Assembly seats in 1978, but its political influence has since declined in the state.
OR1D2
Olfactory receptor 1D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1D2 gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

Bourgeonal
Bourgeonal is an aromatic aldehyde used in perfumery. It has a fragrance reminiscent of lily of the valley, otherwise described as floral, watery, green, and aldehydic. It is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature.
Alison Hughes
Alison Dorothy Hughes MBE (née Lang; born 1971/1972) is a British tennis umpire who has umpired in multiple women's Grand Slam tennis finals, as well as in the Davis Cup, Fed Cup and at the 2004, 2008, 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics.

Official (tennis)
In tennis, an official is a person who ensures that a match or tournament is conducted according to the International Tennis Federation Rules of Tennis and other competition regulations.

At the highest levels of the sport, a team of up to eleven officials may be on court at any given time. These officials are broken up into categories based on their responsibility during the match. Contrastingly, many tennis matches are conducted with no officials present directly on court.
Corfield v. Coryell
Corfield v. Coryell (6 Fed. Cas. 546, no. 3,230 C.C.E.D.Pa. 1823) was a landmark decision decided by Justice Bushrod Washington, sitting as a judge for the U.S. Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. In it, he upheld a New Jersey regulation forbidding non-residents from gathering oysters and clams against a challenge that New Jersey's law violated the Article IV Privileges and Immunities Clause and that the New Jersey law regulated interstate commerce in violation of the Commerce Clause.

Bushrod Washington
Bushrod Washington (June 5, 1762 – November 26, 1829) was an American attorney and politician from the Washington family who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1798 to 1829. On the Supreme Court, he was a staunch ally of Chief Justice John Marshall.

Washington was a co-founder and president of the American Colonization Society, which promoted the emigration of formerly enslaved people to Africa. The nephew of American Founding Father and President George Washington, he inherited his uncle's papers and Mount Vernon, taking possession in 1802 after the death of Martha Washington, his uncle's widow, and with Marshall's help, published a biography of the first president.
Seán Brady (cardinal)
Seán Brady KGCHS (born 16 August 1939) is an Irish prelate who is a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland from 1996 until 2014. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI in the consistory on 24 November 2007. He left office in 2014 and was succeeded by Eamon Martin, who had served as Coadjutor Archbishop of Armagh since 2013.

2013 conclave
A conclave was held on 12 and 13 March 2013 to elect a new pope to succeed Benedict XVI, who had resigned on 28 February 2013. Of the 117 eligible cardinal electors, all but two attended. On the fifth ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the archbishop of Buenos Aires. After accepting his election, he took the name Francis.