hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
FM broadcasting
FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting that uses frequency modulation (FM) to modulate the carrier wave. In November 1919, Hans Idzerda began broadcasts, using narrow-band FM, over station PCGG, located at The Hague in the Netherlands. However, most early broadcasting stations instead employed Amplitude Modulation (AM) transmissons.

In 1933, American engineer Edwin Armstrong invented wide-band FM, which is used worldwide to transmit high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. FM broadcasting offers higher fidelity—more accurate reproduction of the original program sound—than other analog broadcasting techniques, such as AM broadcasting. It is also less susceptible to common forms of interference, having less static and popping sounds than are often heard on AM, but with a more limited broadcast distance. Therefore, FM is used for most broadcasts of music and general audio (in the audio spectrum). FM radio stations use the very high frequency range of radio frequencies.

Electromagnetic interference
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), also called radio-frequency interference (RFI) when in the radio frequency spectrum, is a disturbance generated by an external source that affects an electrical circuit by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic coupling, or conduction. The disturbance may degrade the performance of the circuit or even stop it from functioning. In the case of a data path, these effects can range from an increase in error rate to a total loss of the data.

Both human-made and natural sources generate changing electrical currents and voltages that can cause EMI: ignition systems, cellular network of mobile phones, lightning, solar flares, and auroras (northern/southern lights). EMI frequently affects AM radios. It can also affect mobile phones, FM radios, and televisions, as well as observations for radio astronomy and atmospheric science.

EMI can be used intentionally for radio jamming, as in electronic warfare.
The Wild Gallant
The Wild Gallant is a Restoration comedy written by John Dryden. It was Dryden's earliest play, and written in prose, except for the prologue, and the epilogue, which are in verse. It was premiered on the stage by the King's Company at their Vere Street theatre, formerly Gibbon's Tennis Court, on February 5, 1663. (The play's opening scene is a prologue that features a pair of astrologers drawing horoscopes on the play's fortunes for that date.) As Dryden himself stated in his Preface, it was "the first attempt I made in Dramatique Poetry."

John Dryden
John Dryden (/ˈdraɪdən/; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 – 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate.

He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Romantic writer Sir Walter Scott called him "Glorious John".
National Scout Movement of Armenia
The National Scout Movement of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Ազգային Սկաուտական Շարժում, ՀՄԸՄ-ՀԱՍԿ); (Hayastani Azgayin Scautakan Sharjum Kazmakerputiun, HASK), is the primary national scouting organization of Armenia. It became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1997 and a member of the European Scout Region in 2023. The coeducational National Scout Movement of Armenia has 1,473 members as of 2021.

European Scout Region (World Organization of the Scout Movement)
The European Scout Region is one of five geographical subdivisions of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with a satellite office in Brussels, Belgium.

It is a vital part of the global Scouting community, plays a pivotal role in shaping the future leaders of Europe. It is a vibrant network of 47 National Scout Organizations, fostering a spirit of unity and camaraderie among young people across geographical and cultural boundaries. The region is not confined to Europe alone; it extends its reach to countries like Cyprus, Turkey, and Israel, reflecting the inclusive and diverse nature of Scouting. Through its various initiatives and programs, the European Scout Region is committed to promoting personal development, mutual understanding, and a sense of European citizenship among its members.
Sphenomorphinae
Sphenomorphinae is a large subfamily of skinks, lizards within the family Scincidae. The genera in this subfamily were previously found to belong to the Sphenomorphus group in the large subfamily Lygosominae.

Lygosominae
Lygosominae is the largest subfamily of skinks in the family Scincidae. The subfamily can be divided into a number of genus groups. If the rarely used taxonomic rank of infrafamily is employed, the genus groups would be designated as such, but such a move would require a formal description according to the ICZN standards.
Joe Quesada
Joseph Quesada (/kəˈsɑːdə/; born January 12, 1962) is an American comic book artist, writer, editor, and television producer. He became known in the 1990s for his work on various Valiant Comics books, such as Ninjak and Solar, Man of the Atom. He also worked on numerous books for DC Comics and Marvel Comics, such as Batman: Sword of Azrael and X-Factor, before forming his own company, Event Comics, where he published his creator-owned character, Ash.

In 1998 he became an editor of Marvel Comics' Marvel Knights line, before becoming editor-in-chief of the company in 2000. He was named chief creative officer of Marvel Entertainment in 2010 and left his editor-in-chief role in January 2011, being replaced by Axel Alonso. His position was re-titled as executive vice president and creative director in October 2019. He left the company in 2022.

X-O Manowar
X-O Manowar (Aric of Dacia) is a fictional superhero co-created by writers Jim Shooter and Steve Englehart, and artists Bob Layton and Barry Windsor-Smith.

The eponymous comic book series published by Valiant Comics has sold more than 8 million copies to date. X-O Manowar has also starred in a video game alongside Marvel Comics's Iron Man. X-O Manowar comics have been translated into a number of languages including German, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Norwegian, Filipino, Chinese and Brazilian Portuguese.
A Musical Massacre
A Musical Massacre is the third studio album by American hip hop duo The Beatnuts. It was released in August 1999 via Loud Records. Recording sessions took place at Chung King Studios, Soho Music Studios and Planet Sound Studios in New York. Produced entirely by the Beatnuts, it features guest appearances from E-Swinga, Nogoodus, Biz Markie, Carl Thomas, Cheryl Pepsii Riley, Common, Cuban Link, dead prez, Greg Nice, Magic Juan, Marlon Manson, Patrick Blazy, Tony Touch, Triple Seis, Tyler Fernandez and Willie Stubz. The album peaked at number 35 on the Billboard 200 and number 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. It contains two singles: "Watch Out Now", which peaked at number 84 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and "Se Acabo".

Dead Prez
Dead Prez (stylized in lowercase) is an American hip hop duo composed of M-1 and stic.man, formed in 1996 in New York City. They are known for their confrontational style, combined with lyrics focused on both militant social justice, self-determination, and Pan-Africanism. The duo maintains an ethical stance against corporate control over the media, especially hip hop record labels.
Shursh
Shursh ('Revolution') was an Iraqi Kurdish communist organization. It emerged in 1945, out of the Kurdish section of the erstwhile Wahdat an-Nidal group (the Arab section Wadhat an-Nidal had merged with the Iraqi Communist Party in 1945). The Kurdish section, continuing as Shursh, had refused to merge into the Iraqi Communist Party.

Shursh played an important role in the formation of the Kurdish Freedom Party (also known as the 'Rizgari Kurd Party') in 1946. When the Kurdish Democratic Party was founded in August 1946, the majority of the Kurdish Freedom Party and a sector of Shursh merged into it. Other elements of Shursh either disbanded or joined the Iraqi Communist Party. Amongst those who joined the Iraqi Communist Party were Jamal al-Haidari, Salih al-Haidari, Hamid Uthman and Nafi Yunus.

Jamal al-Haidari
Jamal al-Haidari (Arabic: جمال الحيدري; died 1963) was an Iraqi communist politician. He joined the Iraqi Communist Party in 1946, and became the leader of a rebel communist faction during the 1950s. After rejoining the Communist Party in 1956 he became a prominent leader but was entangled in the internal disputes of the party. In 1963 he was executed by the new Baathist regime.
Regret in Your Tears
"Regret in Your Tears" is a song by rapper Nicki Minaj. Produced by Boi-1da, Frank Dukes and Allen Ritter, the song was released as a single on March 10, 2017, along with "Changed It" and "No Frauds". It details Minaj's break-up with ex-boyfriend Meek Mill and features her singing throughout the track.

Boi-1da
Matthew Jehu Samuels (born October 12, 1986), known professionally as Boi-1da (a play on Boy Wonder) is a Canadian record producer and songwriter based in Toronto, Ontario.

He is an in-house producer for Drake's OVO Sound label and has produced for a variety of artists and groups, most notably Drake, Rihanna, Eminem, Jay-Z, Nicki Minaj, Nas, Jack Harlow, Kanye West and Kendrick Lamar among others. In 2015, Samuels served as the executive producer for Drake's mixtape If You're Reading This It's Too Late.
G.D. Fabril
Grupo Desportivo Fabril is a Portuguese sports club established as Grupo Desportivo CUF do Barreiro (commonly known as CUF Barreiro), with CUF standing for the company Companhia União Fabril. A multisports club best known for its football section, it was founded as a works team in the city of Barreiro, District of Setúbal, on 27 January 1937. CUF Barreiro's greatest achievement was a third place in the 1964–65 Portuguese Liga season. The club's football home ground is the Complexo Desportivo Alfredo da Silva, which was inaugurated in June 1965 and named after Alfredo da Silva, an entrepreneur who was the founder of CUF.

Besides football, Fabril's futsal team has reached top-flight twice in their history, participating in the Liga Sport Zone in the 2012–13 and 2016–17 seasons. In the 2012–13 season, Fabril reached the 5th round of the Taça de Portugal.

Barreiro, Portugal
Barreiro (European Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐˈʁɐjɾu] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in the Setúbal District in Portugal. The population in 2021 was 78,345, in an area of 36.39 square kilometres (14.05 mi2). It is a region belonging to the Lisbon Metropolitan Area.

Barreiro has a view of the city of Lisbon from Avenida da Praia and a riverside area called Alburrica.

The mayor since 2017 has been Frederico Rosa, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is June 28.
Lewisville, Owen County, Indiana
Lewisville is an unincorporated community in the northeast corner of Harrison Township, Owen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It lies near the intersection of County Road 700 East (a.k.a. Drunkards Pike) and West Lewisville Road, which is a community about twenty miles northeast of the city of Spencer, the county seat. This community lies on the border of Owen County and Morgan County.

Morgan County, Indiana
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 71,780. The county seat (and only incorporated city) is Martinsville.

Morgan County is between Indianapolis, in Marion County, and Bloomington in Monroe County. It is included in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Two major highways, Interstate 69 and Indiana State Road 67, carry large numbers of daily commuters between the two larger communities. The county has 14 townships which provide local services.
El Crucificado
El Crucificado ("The Crucified One") is a 1957 play in three acts by the Guatemalan playwright Carlos Solórzano. It describes the events of Good Friday but sets them in modern times.  The work is a tragic farce and is one of Solorzano's ten theatrical works.

Carlos Solórzano
Carlos Solórzano Fernández  (May 6, 1922 – March 30, 2011) was a Guatemalan-born Mexican playwright. He is considered one of the most important playwrights in Guatemalan history. His contribution to the theater in Latin America range from his plays to articles in theater journals and encyclopedias, and essays related to the history and anthology of Latin theater.
James Thomas Humberstone
James Thomas Humberstone (8 July 1850 – 12 June 1939) was an English chemical engineer. In 1872, he founded the Peru Nitrate Company to extract saltpetre in the Tarapacá Province of Peru (now part of the Tarapacá Region of Chile). He introduced the Shanks System and other innovations to the industry.

The mining town of Humberstone now forms part of the Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works, now abandoned, they were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005.

Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works
Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works are two former saltpeter refineries located in northern Chile. They were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005, as a testament to the historical importance of saltpeter mining in Chile and the culture and social agenda that developed around it in the late 19th century. The works were placed on the World Heritage List in Danger that same year, due to the fragility of the derelict buildings, but were removed in 2019 following significant restoration and conservation work.
Enneads
The Enneads (/ˈɛniædz/; Ancient Greek: Ἐννεάδες), fully The Six Enneads, is the collection of writings of the philosopher Plotinus, edited and compiled by his student Porphyry (c. AD 270). Plotinus was a student of Ammonius Saccas, and together they were founders of Neoplatonism. His work, through Augustine of Hippo, the Cappadocian Fathers, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and several subsequent Christian and Muslim thinkers, has greatly influenced Western and Near-Eastern thought.

Ammonius Saccas
Ammonius Saccas (/əˈmoʊniəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀμμώνιος Σακκᾶς; 175 AD – 243 AD) was a Hellenistic Platonist self-taught philosopher from Alexandria, generally regarded as the precursor of Neoplatonism or one of its founders. He is mainly known as the teacher of Plotinus, whom he taught from 232 to 243. He was undoubtedly the most significant influence on Plotinus in his development of Neoplatonism, although little is known about his own philosophical views. Later Christian writers stated that Ammonius was a Christian, but it is now generally assumed that there was a different Ammonius of Alexandria who wrote biblical texts.
Wayne Stewart (rugby league)
Wayne Stewart (born 2 June 1951) is an Australian former rugby league player.

An ex-Marist College Ashgrove pupil, Stewart was a winger and occasional fullback, often utilised as a goal-kicker during his first-grade career with Wests, where he won back to back premierships in 1975 and 1976.

Stewart was a Queensland interstate representative player in the early 1970s and made one Test match appearance for Australia, kicking five goals in a win over New Zealand at Lang Park in 1972.

Retiring as Wests top all-time points-scorer, Stewart was named on the wing in the club's Team of Century in 2015.

Wests Panthers
The Western Suburbs Panthers, or the West Brisbane Panthers, or often simply referred to as Wests for short, is a semi professional rugby league club based in the western suburbs of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The club is the oldest in the QRL and despite absences from the top grade in recent years and several name changes the club continued to operate. After leaving the Queensland Cup, they participated in the Brisbane A-Grade competition from 2005 until their senior sides disbanding in 2012. In 2013, the club entered a voluntary hiatus, but was announced to be part of the revived Brisbane Rugby League.
Domenico Scarlatti
Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (26 October 1685 – 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer. He is classified primarily as a Baroque composer chronologically, although his music was influential in the development of the Classical style. Like his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a variety of musical forms, although today he is known mainly for his 555 keyboard sonatas. He spent much of his life in the service of the Portuguese and Spanish royal families.

Gustav Leonhardt
Gustav Maria Leonhardt (30 May 1928 – 16 January 2012) was a Dutch keyboardist, conductor, musicologist, teacher and editor. He was a leading figure in the historically informed performance movement to perform music on period instruments.

Leonhardt professionally played many instruments, including the harpsichord, pipe organ, claviorganum (a combination of harpsichord and organ), clavichord, fortepiano, and piano. He also conducted orchestras and choruses.
Wendel, Pennsylvania
Wendel is an unincorporated community and former coal town in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is 2.2 miles (3.5 km) south of Irwin.

Wendel was associated with The Pittsburgh and Baltimore Coal Company's Edna No. 2 mine, which began operations in 1902. The company built houses for employees and a company store in Wendel. A sister mine, Edna No. 1, constructed in 1900, operated nearby. Both closed in the late 1930s.

Wendel formerly had its own post office, established in April 24, 1908, and zip code.  The post office closed in February 2021.

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the population was 354,663. The county seat is Greensburg and the most populous community is Hempfield Township. It is named after Westmorland, a historic county of England. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
Peterstown, West Virginia
Peterstown is a town in Monroe County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 456 at the 2020 census.

The town was named after Christian Peters, a pioneer settler.  The town is the site of the 1928 discovery of the 34.48 carat (6.896 g) Jones Diamond by Grover C. Jones and his son, William "Punch" Jones.

Jones Diamond
The Jones Diamond, also known as the Punch Jones Diamond, The Grover Jones Diamond, or The Horseshoe Diamond, was a 34.48 carat (6.896 g) alluvial diamond found in Peterstown, West Virginia by members of the Jones family. It remains the largest alluvial diamond ever discovered in North America.
Grenadines
The Grenadines (/ˈɡrɛnədiːnz/) is a chain of small islands that lie on a line between the larger islands of Saint Vincent and Grenada in the Lesser Antilles. Nine are inhabited and open to the public (or ten, if the offshore island of Young Island is counted): Bequia, Mustique, Canouan, Union Island, Petit St Vincent, Palm Island and Mayreau, all in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, plus Petite Martinique and Carriacou in Grenada. Several additional privately owned islands, such as Calivigny, are also inhabited. Notable uninhabited islands of the Grenadines include Petit Nevis, formerly used by whalers, and Petit Mustique, which was the centre of a prominent real estate scam in the early 2000s.

The northern two-thirds of the chain, including about 32 islands and cays, is part of the country of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The southern third of the chain belongs to the country of Grenada. Carriacou is the largest and most populous of the Grenadines.

Petite Mustique
Petite Mustique (also called Petit Mustique) is a small island in the Caribbean nation of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. About 100 acres (40 ha) in size, Petite Mustique is located 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Savan and 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the larger island of Mustique. Petite Mustique is uninhabited and undeveloped. Sedimentary in nature, the island is hilly, reaching 340 ft (100 m) high, and has no easy landings or large beaches. Locally, the name of the island is pronounced "petty."
Brave 10
BRAVE10 is a manga series by Kairi Shimotsuki, serialized in Media Factory's Comic Flapper from 2006 to 2010. The series was resumed on June 15, 2011, and retitled Brave 10 Spiral, better known as Brave 10 S, serialized in Monthly Comic Gene. An anime adaptation by Studio Sakimakura and TMS Entertainment aired from January 2012 to March 2012. The original manga series is licensed by Tokyopop, though no volumes have been released as of 2012. The series is based on the legendary Sanada Ten Braves, a group of ninja that assisted warlord Sanada Yukimura during the Sengoku period of Japan. The series had been licensed for streaming on Crunchyroll.

Media Factory
Media Factory (メディアファクトリー, Mediafakutorī), formerly known as Media Factory, Inc. (株式会社メディアファクトリー, Kabushiki gaisha Mediafakutorī), was a Japanese publisher and brand company of Kadokawa Future Publishing.
Île Ronde, Mauritius
Round Island is an uninhabited islet 22.5 kilometres north of Mauritius. It has an area of 1.69  square kilometres and a maximum elevation of 280 metres. The island has been a nature reserve since 1957 and is administered jointly by the National Parks and Conservation Service and the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.

Mauritian Wildlife Foundation
The Mauritian Wildlife Foundation (MWF) is an independent, non-governmental, non-profit conservation agency working in Mauritius and the Outer Islands to save threatened endemic local flora and fauna.

The MWF is currently working to conserve the following species:

Pink pigeon

Mauritius Kestrel born in Jean Raymond Boulle Kestrel Valley, close to Mahebourg in 2011.Mauritius kestrel

Echo parakeet

Rodrigues fruit bat

Mauritius fody

Mauritius cuckoo-shrike

Mauritius bulbul

Mauritius paradise flycatcher

Mauritius olive white-eye

Phelsuma day geckos

Nactus night geckos

Round Island boa

Telfair's skink

Bojer's skink

Macchabe skink

Bouton's skink
Rural Municipality of Wallace No. 243
The Rural Municipality of Wallace No. 243 (2016 population: 852) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 9 and SARM Division No. 4. It is located in the east-central portion of the province.

SARM Division No. 4
SARM Division No. 4 is a division of the Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities (SARM) within the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is located in the north-east area of the province. There are 43 rural municipalities in this division. The current director for Division 4 is Myron Kopec.
Windlesham Moor
Windlesham Moor is a country house and, for a time in the 20th century a royal residence, at Windlesham in the English county of Surrey. In its capacity as a royal residence, it was, for nearly two years in the late 1940s, the home of Princess (later Queen) Elizabeth and her husband Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Windlesham
Windlesham is a geographically-large village in the Surrey Heath borough of Surrey, England, approximately 25 miles (40 km) south west of central London. Its name derives from the Windle Brook, which runs south of the village into Chobham, and the common suffix 'ham', the Old English word for 'homestead'. The village of Windlesham has a population of around 4,000, while the civil parish of Windlesham has a population of 17,000 and includes the much larger neighbouring villages of Bagshot and Lightwater.

Windlesham Arboretum, which covers an area of approximately 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi), is on the south side of the M3 motorway. Access to the motorway is via Junction 3. The nearest railway stations are Sunningdale and Bagshot, with Sunningdale offering the most frequent services for London Waterloo on the Waterloo–Reading line.