hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bhagwan Lal Indraji
Bhagwan Lal Indraji or Bhagwanlal Indraji (8 November 1839 – 16 March 1888) was an Indian archaeologist and scholar. A member of the Royal Asiatic Society's Bombay branch. He made transcripts of several ancient Indian inscriptions, including the Hathigumpha inscription. He discovered many archaeological relics, including the Mathura lion capital, the Bairat and Sopara Ashokan inscription, the Nanaghat reliefs, the Mathura Vishnu image, drum miniature stupa with a frieze of eight metopes representing the four principal and four secondary scenes from Buddha's life, Jain Aayagpata, various Mathura railing pillars, Mankuwar Buddha, Besnagar coping stone depicting Bodhi Tree, and Gadava surya frieze. He was the first Indian to receive an honorary doctorate from a foreign University (Leiden University).

Bhau Daji
Ramkrishna Vitthal Lad (1822–1874), commonly known as Bhau Daji, was an Indian physician, Sanskrit scholar, and an antiquarian. He served as the Sheriff of Bombay for two terms from 1869 to 1871. For his notable contribution in the making of modern Mumbai (then Bombay, British India), a road and a museum are named after him.
Marston Morse
Harold Calvin Marston Morse (March 24, 1892 – June 22, 1977) was an American mathematician best known for his work on the calculus of variations in the large, a subject where he introduced the technique of differential topology now known as Morse theory. The Morse–Palais lemma, one of the key results in Morse theory, is named after him, as is the Thue–Morse sequence, an infinite binary sequence with many applications.

He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1929, the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1932, and the American Philosophical Society in 1936. In 1933 he was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize for his work in mathematical analysis. J. Robert Oppenheimer described Morse as "almost a statesman of mathematics."

Bôcher Memorial Prize
The Bôcher Memorial Prize was founded by the American Mathematical Society in 1923 in memory of Maxime Bôcher with an initial endowment of $1,450 (contributed by members of that society).  It is awarded every three years (formerly every five years) for a notable research work in analysis that has appeared during the past six years. The work must be published in a recognized, peer-reviewed venue. The current award is $5,000.

There have been forty-one prize recipients. The first woman to win the award, Laure Saint-Raymond, did so in 2020. About eighty percent of the journal articles recognized since 2000 have been from Annals of Mathematics, the Journal of the American Mathematical Society, Inventiones Mathematicae, and Acta Mathematica.
Doeberl Cup
The Doeberl Cup is an annual chess tournament held in Canberra, Australia. It has been held every year since 1963 (apart from 2020) and is the longest running weekend chess event in Australia. Since its inception the event has grown both larger and stronger, and often attracts more players than the Australian Chess Championships.

The tournament is held each year over Easter. The tournament runs in 4 sections, with the top section known as the Doeberl Cup Premier. Grandmaster Ian Rogers holds the record for the most wins (either outright or on tie-break) with 12.

The Doeberl Cup was named after its primary sponsor, Erich Doeberl, and, after a pause following Doeberl's death, in recent years sponsorship has continued through his daughter Rosemary.

Li Chao (chess player)
Li Chao (Chinese: 李超; pinyin: Lǐ Chāo; born 21 April 1989 in Taiyuan, Shanxi) is a Chinese chess Grandmaster and Asian champion in 2013. In 2007, he became China's 23rd Grandmaster at the age of 18.

He has been a second/assistant for fellow Chinese chess Grandmaster Wang Yue on several occasions; the two are good friends having known each other since they were children.

In chess circles he is sometimes known as "Li Chao b" since there is another Chinese chess player named Li Chao.
2011 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships
The 2011 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships were held from November 19 to 26 at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center in Nanjing, China. The Pacific Championships acted as the Pacific Zone qualifiers for the 2012 World Curling Championships. The top two women's berths (China and Korea) qualified for the 2012 Ford World Women's Curling Championship in Lethbridge, Alberta, while the top two men's berths (China and New Zealand) qualified for the 2012 Capital One World Men's Curling Championship in Basel, Switzerland.

2012 World Men's Curling Championship
The 2012 World Men's Curling Championship was held from March 31 to April 8, 2012 at St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland. The 2012 World Men's Championship was one of the curling events that is a qualifier for the curling tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

In the final, Canada's Glenn Howard defeated Scotland's Tom Brewster after making a draw to score the winning point, wrapping up the game with a score of 8–7. Canada won its third consecutive gold medal and thirty-fourth overall gold medal. Howard won his fourth gold medal and his second gold medal as skip, while Brewster won his second consecutive silver medal.
Oxynoemacheilus insignis
Oxynoemacheilus insignis is a species of stone loach It is restricted to the Damascus basin in Syria and to the Jordan-Dead Sea basin in Syria, Israel and Jordan. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by the drying up of the rivers and streams in which it is found, caused by overuse, damming and less rainfall, as well as by pollution. In Syria it has been extirpated from the Barada and can now only be found in the upper reaches of the Awaj to the west of Damascus. It is a highly variable species and different populations can differ from their neighbouring populations that in the past they have been described as species or subspecies and this has led to a large number of synonyms  for  Oxynoemacheilus insignis.

Jordan River
The Jordan River or River Jordan (Arabic: نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; Hebrew: נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (Arabic: نهر الشريعة), is a 251-kilometre-long (156 mi) endorheic river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee and drains to the Dead Sea. The river passes by or through Jordan, Syria, Israel, and Palestine.

Jordan and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights border the river to the east, while Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank lie to its west. Both Jordan and the West Bank derive their names in relation to the river. The river holds major significance in Judaism and Christianity. According to the Bible, the Israelites crossed it into the Promised Land and Jesus of Nazareth was baptized by John the Baptist in it.
National Alliance (Egypt)
The National Alliance  was an electoral alliance in Egypt that was established by former Egyptian prime minister Kamal Ganzouri ahead of the 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election; Ganzouri withdrew from the race in February 2015. The list was superseded by two electoral lists: For the Love of Egypt  and Egypt.

Democratic Generation Party
The Democratic Generation Party or Hizb El-Geel al-Democrati (Arabic: حزب الجيل الديمقراطي) is a political party in Egypt. The Democratic Generation Party can be considered a mainstream political party.
Wola Lipecka
Wola Lipecka [ˈvɔla liˈpɛt͡ska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Orneta, 26 km (16 mi) west of Lidzbark Warmiński, and 48 km (30 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Orneta
Gmina Orneta is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Orneta, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Lidzbark Warmiński and 44 km (27 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 244.13 square kilometres (94.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population was 12,701 with the population of Orneta amounting to 9,380, and the population of the rural part of the gmina at 3,321 persons.
Roger Mason (musician)
Roger Ashley Mason is an Australian keyboardist who has been a member of new wave groups Models, Absent Friends and Icehouse. He was a session and backing musician for United Kingdom's Gary Numan and for various Australian artists. From the early 1990s he has composed music for television and feature films.

He appeared on Models best performed album, Out of Mind, Out of Sight (1985), which reached No. 3 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart and provided a No. 2 hit "Barbados" and a No. 1 hit "Out of Mind, Out of Sight". On 27 October 2010, Models were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame by former member, Wendy Matthews.

As a composer, Mason has won 12 Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) Awards for his TV and film work, MDA (presented in 2003), The Extra (2005), Peking to Paris (2006), The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce (2009), My Place (2010), The Outlaw Michael Howe  (2014), The Code (2015), The Principal (2016) and Hungry Ghosts (2021).

The Outlaw Michael Howe
The Outlaw Michael Howe  is a 2013 Australian historical drama film written and directed by Brendan Cowell. Set in the early 19th century, the film is based on the exploits of Michael Howe, an Englishman who was transported as a convict to the Australian penal colony of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), where he achieved infamy as a bushranger and outlaw.
Symeon of Polotsk
Symeon (Simeon) of Polotsk or Symeon Polotsky (Russian: Симео́н По́лоцкий; born as Samuel Piotrowski-Sitnianowicz, Russian: Самуи́л Петро́вский-Ситнянович; December 12, 1629 – August 25, 1680) was an academically-trained Baroque poet, dramatist, churchman, and enlightener of Belarusian descent who came from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to the Tsardom of Russia.

Polotsk
Polotsk or Polatsk is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Dvina River and serves as the administrative center of Polotsk District. Polotsk is served by Polotsk Airport and Borovitsy air base. As of 2025, it has a population of 79,285.
Feather Finger
Feather Finger is a 1966 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Robert McKimson. It was released on August 20, 1966, and stars Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales.

The film is set in Texas, near the Mexico–United States border. Daffy is impoverished, and consequently agrees to defend a small town from Speedy. He is hired as a gunslinger.

Daffy Duck
Daffy Duck is a cartoon character created by animators Tex Avery and Bob Clampett for Leon Schlesinger Productions. Styled as an anthropomorphic black duck, he has appeared in cartoon series such as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, in which he is usually depicted as a foil for either Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, or Speedy Gonzales. He was one of the first of the new "screwball" characters that emerged in the late 1930s to replace traditional everyman characters who were more popular earlier in the decade, such as Mickey Mouse, Porky Pig, and Popeye.

Daffy starred in 130 shorts in the golden age, making him the third-most frequent character in the Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons, behind Bugs Bunny's 168 appearances and Porky Pig's 153 appearances. Virtually every Warner Bros. cartoon director, most notably Bob Clampett, Robert McKimson, and Chuck Jones, put his own spin on the Daffy Duck character.

He was ranked number 14 on TV Guide's list of top 50 greatest cartoon characters.
Closure (computer programming)
In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function together with an environment. The environment is a mapping associating each free variable of the function (variables that are used locally, but defined in an enclosing scope) with the value or reference to which the name was bound when the closure was created. Unlike a plain function, a closure allows the function to access those captured variables through the closure's copies of their values or references, even when the function is invoked outside their scope.

D (programming language)
D, also known as dlang, is a multi-paradigm system programming language created by Walter Bright at Digital Mars and released in 2001. Andrei Alexandrescu joined the design and development effort in 2007. Though it originated as a re-engineering of C++, D is now a very different language. As it has developed, it has drawn inspiration from other high-level programming languages. Notably, it has been influenced by Java, Python, Ruby, C#, and Eiffel.

The D language reference describes it as follows:

D is a general-purpose systems programming language with a C-like syntax that compiles to native code. It is statically typed and supports both automatic (garbage collected) and manual memory management. D programs are structured as modules that can be compiled separately and linked with external libraries to create native libraries or executables.
Continental Divide: Heidegger, Cassirer, Davos
Continental Divide: Heidegger, Cassirer, Davos is a 2010 book by Peter Gordon, in which the author reconstructs the famous 1929 debate between Martin Heidegger and Ernst Cassirer at Davos, Switzerland, demonstrating its significance as a point of rupture in Continental thought that implicated all the major philosophical movements of the day. Continental Divide was awarded the Jacques Barzun Prize from the American Philosophical Society in 2010.

Peter Gordon (historian)
Peter Eli Gordon (born 1966) is an American historian of philosophy, and a critical theorist. The Amabel B. James Professor of History and Faculty Affiliate in the Department of Philosophy at Harvard University, Gordon focuses on continental philosophy and modern German and French thought, with particular emphasis on the German philosophers Theodor Adorno and Martin Heidegger, critical theory, continental philosophy during the interwar crisis, and most recently, secularization and social thought in the 20th century.
Levittown, Pennsylvania
Levittown is a census-designated place (CDP) and planned community in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community includes portions of the municipalities of Bristol Township, Falls Township, Middletown Township and Tullytown Borough, but is not itself an independent municipality. Levittown is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area with a population was 52,699 at the 2020 census, which is down from 52,983 at the 2010 census.

Levittown is 40 feet (12 m) above sea level. While not an independent municipality, it is sometimes recognized as the largest suburb of Philadelphia while Upper Darby, Lower Merion, Bensalem, Abington, and Bristol townships are municipalities larger in size within the three surrounding Pennsylvania counties. Starting with land purchased in 1951, it was planned and built by Levitt & Sons. The brothers William Levitt and architect Alfred Levitt designed its six typical houses.

Levitt & Sons
Levitt & Sons was a real estate development company founded by Abraham Levitt and later managed by his son William Levitt. The company built the town of Levittown, New York. The company's designs and building practices transformed the home building industry and altered the north eastern landscape of the United States with massive suburban communities.

Levitt & Sons was America's biggest home builder by 1951, and William Levitt was named one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Historian Kenneth T. Jackson wrote of Levitt & Sons, "The family that had the greatest impact on postwar housing in the United States was Abraham Levitt and his sons, William and Alfred, who ultimately built more than 140,000 houses and turned a cottage industry into a major manufacturing process."
Fairmont Black Diamonds
The Fairmont Black Diamonds were an American minor league baseball team based in Fairmont, West Virginia. They played under several names between 1907 and 1931.

They played in the Western Pennsylvania League in 1907, the Pennsylvania–West Virginia League in 1909 and 1914, the West Virginia League in 1910, the Ohio–Pennsylvania League in 1912 and the Middle Atlantic League from 1925–1931. They were known as the Fairmont Badies in 1908. In 1914, a team known only as Fairmont played once again in the Pennsylvania–West Virginia League. The team posted a 3-2 record, before the league ceased operations on June 1, 1914.

Notable players include major leaguers Reddy Mack, who managed the team in 1907 and Everett Scott.

Ohio–Pennsylvania League
The Ohio–Pennsylvania League (1905–1912) was a Class C and Class D level minor league baseball league that featured franchises based in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The league was founded by Charlie Morton and operated for eight seasons, with the Akron Champs winning four league championships.
Sawla
Sawla (also known as Felege Neway) is a town in southern Ethiopia. Located in Gofa Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 6°18′N 36°53′E﻿ / ﻿6.300°N 36.883°E﻿ / 6.300; 36.883 with an elevation of 1,395 metres (4,577 ft) above sea level. It is surrounded by Demba Gofa woreda.

sawla is also neighbor of basketo

Demba Gofa
Demba Gofa is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Gamo Gofa Zone, Demba Gofa is bordered on the south by Uba Debretsehay and Oyda, on the west by Geze Gofa, on the northwest by Melokoza, on the north by the Dawro Zone, on the east by Kucha, and on the southeast by Zala. Sawla is surrounded by Demba Gofa. Demba Gofa was part of former Gofa Zuria woreda.
The Tampa Tribune
The Tampa Tribune was a daily newspaper published in Tampa, Florida. Along with the competing Tampa Bay Times, the Tampa Tribune was one of two major newspapers published in the Tampa Bay area.

The newspaper also published a St. Petersburg Tribune edition, sold and distributed in Pinellas County. It published a Sunday magazine, Florida Accent, during the 1960s and 1970s. The Tampa Tribune also operated Highlands Today, a daily newspaper in Sebring. The Tribune stopped publishing the Hernando Today, which was located in Brooksville, on December 1, 2014, citing "a tough newspaper advertising climate."

On May 3, 2016, the Tampa Bay Times announced that it had acquired the Tribune, and was combining the Times and Tribune's operations, ending publication of the Tribune.

Tampa Bay Times
The Tampa Bay Times, called the St. Petersburg Times until 2011, is an American newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It is published by the Times Publishing Company, which is owned by The Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a nonprofit journalism school directly adjacent to the University of South Florida St. Petersburg campus.

It has won fourteen Pulitzer Prizes since 1964, and in 2009, won two in a single year for the first time in its history, one of which was for its PolitiFact project.
Symphony No. 3, "Rituals"
Rituals is the title of Jeffrey Ching's Third Symphony, a Philippine government commission for the centennial of the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain on 12 June 1898.  It is in one continuous movement lasting about forty-four minutes.  After weeks of planning and research, Ching began sketching it in London on 28 October 1997, completing the full score there on 19 May 1998.  
The world premiere was given in Manila on 14 June 1998 by the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra under Josefino Toledo.

Jeffrey Ching
Jeffrey Ching (Chinese: 莊祖欣; pinyin: Zhuāng Zǔxīn, born 4 November 1965) is a contemporary classical composer. He was born in the Philippines, to Chinese parents. He is married to the operatic soprano Andión Fernández and has two children.

His opera The Orphan was given in the Theater Erfurt in 2009.
1806 Birgu polverista explosion
On 18 July 1806, approximately 40,000 lb (18,000 kg) of gunpowder stored in a magazine (polverista) in Birgu, Malta, mistakenly detonated. The explosion killed an estimated 200 people, including British and Maltese military personnel, and Maltese civilians from Birgu. Parts of the city's fortifications, some naval stores, and many houses were destroyed. The accident was found to be the result of negligence while transferring shells from the magazine.

Malta Protectorate
Malta Protectorate (Italian: Protettorato di Malta, Maltese: Protettorat ta' Malta) was the political term for Malta when it was a British protectorate. The protectorate existed between the capitulation of the French forces in Malta in 1800 and the transformation of the islands to the Crown Colony of Malta in 1813.
Phineas Stevens
Capt. Phineas Stevens (20 February 1706 – 6 April 1756) was a distinguished officer noted for his defense of the Fort at Number 4 during a siege in April 1747, when a combined force of French and Native American soldiers failed to capture the fort and the 32 British soldiers defending it. Stevens was born in Sudbury, Massachusetts and was one of the fort's founders, serving as commander of the militia until 1750; he was also one of the earliest Anglo-American colonists to settle in the area. Stevens was active during King George's War and the French and Indian War, and died at Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia in 1756.

Fort at Number 4
The Fort at Number 4 was a mid-18th century stockade fortification protecting Plantation Number 4, the northernmost British settlement along the Connecticut River in the Province of New Hampshire until after the French and Indian War. It was located in the present-day town of Charlestown, New Hampshire. A recreation of the fort, dating to 1960, now functions as an open-air museum, and was added to the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places in July 2020.
Andrés Ortiz-Osés
Andrés Ortiz-Osés (1943 – 18 June 2021) was a Spanish philosopher.  He was the founder of symbolic hermeneutics, a philosophical trend that gave a symbolic twist to north European hermeneutics.

He was born in Tardienta, studied theology in Comillas and Rome, and then moved to The Institute of Philosophy in Innsbruck where he earned a Ph.D. in hermeneutics.

At Innsbruck he attended the lessons of Gadamer and Coreth. He was a member of the Eranos group, inspired by C.G. Jung. Other members of Eranos have included Joseph Campbell, Karl Kerenyi, Mircea Eliade, Erich Neumann, Gilbert Durand, and James Hillman.

He was largely responsible for introducing Jungian theories into the Spanish and Latin American intellectual scene. He became a professor of hermeneutics at the University of Deusto in Bilbao.  He wrote more than thirty books. He died in Zaragoza on 18 June 2021 at the age of 78.

University of Deusto
The University of Deusto (Spanish: Universidad de Deusto; Basque: Deustuko Unibertsitatea) is a Spanish private university owned by the Society of Jesus, with campuses in Bilbao and San Sebastián, and the Deusto Business School branch in Madrid. The University of Deusto is the oldest private university in Spain.
Angammal
Angammal is a 2025 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Vipin Radhakrishnan and starring Geetha Kailasam in the titular role alongside Saran Shakthi, Thendral Raghunathan and Bharani.

The film was released on 19 October 2024 at MAMI. The film is scheduled to have a theatrical release on 5 December 2025.

Geetha Kailasam
Geetha Kailasam is an Indian film producer and actress who has been predominantly working on Tamil-language films. Her father-in-law K. Balachander was a veteran film director and her husband Bala Kailasam was also a filmmaker. She produced films under the production banner Minbimbangal.