hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liudger of Utrecht
Liudger or Ludger was Bishop of Utrecht from around 848 to ca. 854.

Ludger was probably related to several other bishops of Utrecht from the ninth and tenth centuries, including his predecessor Alberik II. That this family was not averse to nepotism is shown in a certificate from 850, which showed that an uncle of Ludger called Baldric was planning to found a chapter that would be led by Ludger, according to a structure that would give clear advantages to their family. Ludger was also supposed to be succeeded by a close relative called Kraft, but he declined the seat because he was afraid that his personal wealth would attract Viking raids. Ludger was buried in the St. Salvator Church in Utrecht.

Diocese of Utrecht (695–1580)
The historic Diocese of Utrecht was a diocese of the Latin Church (or Western) of the Catholic Church from 695 to 1580, and from 1559 archdiocese in the Low Countries before and during the Protestant Reformation.
Pulse shaping
In electronics and telecommunications, pulse shaping is the process of changing a transmitted pulses' waveform to optimize the signal for its intended purpose or the communication channel. This is often done by limiting the bandwidth of the transmission and filtering the pulses to control intersymbol interference. Pulse shaping is particularly important in RF communication for fitting the signal within a certain frequency band and is typically applied after line coding and before modulation.

Line code
In telecommunications, a line code is a pattern of voltage, current, or photons used to represent digital data transmitted down a communication channel or written to a storage medium. This repertoire of signals is usually called a constrained code in data storage systems. 
Some signals are more prone to error than others as the physics of the communication channel or storage medium constrains the repertoire of signals that can be used reliably.

Common line encodings are unipolar, polar, bipolar, and Manchester code.
Related-party transaction
In business, a related-party transaction is a transaction which takes place between two parties who hold a pre-existing connection prior to the transaction. An example is how a dominant shareholder may benefit from making one of their companies trade with another at advantageous prices. Related party transactions can be a reason for a Type II agency relationship (conflicts among controlling and non-controlling shareholders), as they are not necessarily in the best interest of minority shareholders.

In commercial law, special regulations may apply restricting related-party transactions, such as Part 2E of Australia's Corporations Act 2001, which requires companies to seek approval from their members for such a transaction to take place.

International Financial Reporting Standard IAS 24 requires companies to disclose related-party transactions in their financial statements.

Corporations Act 2001
The Corporations Act 2001 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia, which sets out the laws dealing with business entities in Australia. The company is the Act's primary focus, but other entities, such as partnerships and managed investment schemes, are also regulated. The Act is the foundational basis of Australian corporate law, with every Australian state having adopted the Act as required by the Australian Constitution.

The Act is the principal legislation regulating companies in Australia. It regulates matters such as the formation and operation of companies (in conjunction with a constitution that may be adopted by a company), duties of officers, takeovers and fundraising.
Sinnemahoning State Park
Sinnemahoning State Park is a 1,910-acre (773 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Grove Township, Cameron County and Wharton Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The park is surrounded by Elk State Forest and is mountainous with deep valleys. The park is home to the rarely seen elk and bald eagle. Sinnemahoning State Park is on Pennsylvania Route 872, eight miles (13 km) north of the village of Sinnamahoning. In 1958, the park opened under the direction of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry: it became a Pennsylvania State Park in 1962.

Cameron County, Pennsylvania
Cameron County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,547, making it  Pennsylvania's least populous county. Its county seat is Emporium. The county was created on March 29, 1860, from parts of Clinton, Elk, McKean, and Potter counties. It is named for Senator Simon Cameron. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.
Montreuil-Bonnin
Montreuil-Bonnin (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tʁœj bɔnɛ̃]) is a former commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Boivre-la-Vallée.

Boivre-la-Vallée
Boivre-la-Vallée (French pronunciation: [bwavʁ la vale]) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Lavausseau (the seat), Benassay, La Chapelle-Montreuil and Montreuil-Bonnin.
Italy in a Day
Italy in a Day - Un giorno da italiani is a 2014 Italian-British documentary film directed by Gabriele Salvatores. It was part of the Out of Competition section at the 71st Venice International Film Festival.

Salvatores used the crowdsourced documentary Britain in a Day as a prototype to produce Italy in a Day, which included clips selected from 45,000 video submissions recorded on 26 October 2013.  The film was said to reflect the fears of Italians during a recession, their uncertainty over their national identity, and their refusal to give up on dreams.

71st Venice International Film Festival
The 71st annual Venice International Film Festival , was held from 27 August to 6 September 2014, at Venice Lido in Italy.

French composer Alexandre Desplat was the jury president for the main competition. Italian actress Luisa Ranieri  hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival. The Golden Lion was awarded to A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence by Roy Andersson.

American editor Thelma Schoonmaker and American filmmaker Frederick Wiseman were the recipients of the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.

The festival poster paid tribute to François Truffaut, as it featured the character of Antoine Doinel portrayed by Jean-Pierre Léaud from Truffaut's 1959 drama film The 400 Blows.

The festival opened with Birdman by Alejandro G. Iñárritu, and closed with The Golden Era by Ann Hui.
V.M. Live Presents...Avail
V.M. Live Presents...Avail is a live album by Avail. It was recorded at the Fireside Bowl in Chicago, on 29 June 1997, less than two weeks after the recording of Live at the Bottom of the Hill in San Francisco. The album was released by Liberation Records in 1999.

Avail
Avail is an American melodic hardcore band from Richmond, Virginia. Originally from Reston, Virginia, the band formed in 1987, its members including Joe Banks, Doug Crosby, Brien Stewart, and Mikey Warstler. The only original remaining member, guitar player Joe Banks, teamed up with rival band LDK's (Learning Disabled Kids) Tim Barry. They moved to Richmond in 1990, and soon, after numerous line up changes, put together a solid lineup to release their first album Satiate in 1992. Many of their lyrics center on Richmond. The band released six studio albums.

The band has never officially disbanded, but has not released any new material since 2002 and stopped playing live shows in 2007.

On March 26, 2019, the band announced a reunion show at The National in Richmond, Virginia, scheduled for July 19. Since then, they have played multiple shows and continue to tour. There are currently no plans to release any new material.
Whitefield, Illinois
Whitefield is an unincorporated community in Bureau and Marshall counties, Illinois, United States. It is located approximately nine miles west-northwest of Henry and the Illinois River. Crow Creek flows past to the north of the community.

Bureau County, Illinois
Bureau County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,244. Its county seat is Princeton. Bureau County is part of the Ottawa, Illinois, Micropolitan Statistical Area, and the Hennepin Canal Parkway State Park is located partly in this county.
Get a Job (1985 film)
Get a Job is a 1985 comedic musical animated short by Brad Caslor, featuring a rendition of the song of the same name, made famous by The Silhouettes. Produced by the National Film Board of Canada in Winnipeg, the project took Caslor seven years to complete, from conception to release. Caslor began the film as a social guidance film for the Canadian government, however, during production it evolved into a more comedic work, incorporating a wide range of classic animation characters and techniques, including the styles of Tex Avery and Bob Clampett. Al Simmons and Jay Brazeau performed the music in the film, which received the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television Award for Best Animated Short at the 8th Genie Awards.

Fellow Winnipeg animator Cordell Barker did animation work on the film.

Cordell Barker
Cordell Barker (born 1956) is a Canadian animator, director and screenwriter based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He began animating in his late teens after taking on an apprenticeship at Kenn Perkins Animation. A two-time Academy Award nominee, Barker is an animation filmmaker with the National Film Board of Canada (NFB).
Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis
The Chicago Psychoanalytic Institute (formerly Institute for Psychoanalysis until it was renamed in May 2018) is a center for psychoanalytic research, training, and education on Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago. The institute provides professional training in the theory and practice of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. It was founded in 1932 by Franz Alexander, a pioneer in psychosomatic medicine at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute, who moved to Chicago at the invitation of Robert Maynard Hutchins, then president of the University of Chicago. Notable psychoanalysts that have been associated with the institute include Karl Menninger, Julius B. Richmond, Karen Horney, Thomas Szasz, Therese Benedek, Hedda Bolgar, Roy R. Grinker, Sr., Maxwell Gitelson, Louis Shapiro, Heinz Kohut, Arnold Goldberg, Jerome Kavka, Frank Summers, Ernest A. Rappaport, and Michael Franz Basch.

Heinz Kohut
Heinz Kohut (German: [ˈkoːhuːt]; May 3, 1913 – October 8, 1981) was an Austrian-born American psychoanalyst best known for his development of self psychology, an influential school of thought within psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theory which helped transform the modern practice of analytic and dynamic treatment approaches.
Ümraniye Municipality City Stadium
Ümraniye Municipality City Stadium (Turkish: Ümraniye Belediyesi Şehir Stadyumu) is a stadium with a capacity of 3,513 spectators located in Ümraniye district of Istanbul. It hosts the home matches of Süper Lig club Ümraniyespor.

After Ümraniyespor reached the Süper Lig, the stadium was upgraded to the Süper Lig standards.

It is also known as Ümraniye Hekimbaşı Şehir Stadyumu.

Ümraniye
Ümraniye (pronounced [ymˈɾaːnije]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 46 km2, and its population is 723,760 (2023). It was separated from Üsküdar in 1987. It is bordered by Çekmeköy to the northeast, Sancaktepe to the east, Ataşehir to the south, Üsküdar to the west and Beykoz to the northwest.
Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.

Steamboats of the Mississippi
Steamboats played a huge major role in the 19th-century development of the Mississippi River and its tributaries, allowing practical large-scale transport of passengers and freight both up- and down-river. Using steam power, riverboats were developed during that time which could navigate in shallow waters as well as upriver against strong currents. After the development of railroads, passenger traffic gradually switched to this faster form of transportation, but steamboats continued to serve Mississippi River commerce into the early 20th century. A small number of steamboats are still used for tourist excursions in the 21st century.
John Loftus, 3rd Marquess of Ely
John Henry Loftus, 3rd Marquess of Ely (19 January 1814 – 15 July 1857) was a British politician.

Born in Hill Street in Mayfair, Loftus studied at Christ Church, Oxford. As Viscount Loftus, he stood unsuccessfully as a Conservative Party candidate in Gloucester, at the 1841 UK general election. In 1844, he married Jane Hope-Vere.

Loftus won the 1845 Woodstock by-election, held on 1 May that year, but succeeded as the Marquess of Ely in September. Through his subsidiary title, Baron Loftus, he took a seat in the House of Lords.

Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely
Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely (née Hope-Vere; 3 December 1821 – 11 June 1890) was an English lady of the bedchamber and a close friend of Queen Victoria. Her parents were James Hope-Vere and Lady Elizabeth Hay, and through her mother she was a cousin of Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington. After her marriage to John Loftus, the third Marquess of Ely, she developed friendships with Queen Sophie of the Netherlands and the Empress Eugénie. Jane arrived at court as a Lady of the Bedchamber in 1851, and despite her own nervousness and lack of discretion, she became a close companion of Queen Victoria until her resignation in 1889. Her service was marred by her constant illnesses and fear of the Queen, but she proved a loyal and devoted servant, deferring to her royal mistress in all matters. Jane died on 11 June 1890 and is buried at Kensal Green cemetery in London.
Damián Delgado
Damián Delgado is a Mexican film actor, who starred in The Other Conquest and co-starred in the John Sayles film, Men With Guns. He also acted in These Onions Don't Make Me Cry, A Corner of Paradise and Under a Spell.

Born in Oaxaca, Mexico, Delgado has appeared frequently on television and in commercials. Delgado received a degree in Dramatic Literature and Theater from Mexico's Theater University Center, and he is also a dancer with extensive training in modern dance and classical ballet.

The Other Conquest
The Other Conquest (Spanish: La Otra Conquista) is a 1999 Mexican historical drama film written and directed by Salvador Carrasco, produced by Alvaro Domingo, and executive produced by Plácido Domingo. The film is set during the aftermath of the 1520s Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire, viewed primarily from the perspective of the Aztecs. The plot begins after the Massacre in the Great Temple in Tenochtitlan, and follows a lone Aztec scribe named Topiltzin [toˈpiɬt͡sin], who is captured by Hernan Cortés and placed in the care of a friar.

Samuel Zyman's score was recorded by the Academy of Saint Martin in the Fields, conducted by David Snell and performed by Plácido Domingo.  Released by Twentieth Century Fox in 1999, the film received positive reviews and was a Mexican box office success. The film was rereleased in the United States in 2007.
Sigowet–Soin Constituency
Sigowet-Soin is an electoral constituency in Kericho County, Kenya. Its one of six Constituencies of Kericho County. It was created for 2013 General Elections after it being curved out of Belgut Constituency. First member of Parliament was Justice Kemei and currently the sitting MP for the constituency is Justice Kemei

It has four County Assembly Wards namely:

Constituencies of Kenya
The constituencies of Kenya are used to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of the Kenyan Parliament. In accordance with Article 89 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya, there are 290 constituencies, based on a formula where these constituencies were to be delineated based on population numbers. Each constituency returns one Member of National Assembly. The constituencies are further divided into electoral wards.
Moscow Art Trio
Moscow Art Trio (established in 1990) is a Russian trio comprising Arkady Shilkloper (French horn & flugelhorn), Misha Alperin (piano & vocals) and Sergey Starostin (vocals, clarinet & folkreeds), performing in the Classical/Jazz/Traditional music genres.

The trio's leader, Mikhail Alperin, also composed its music. He lived near Oslo, Norway since 1993, and became a central figure in new improvised music of the far North, until his death in May 2018.

The trio has appeared at festivals and musical events around the world.

Sergey Starostin
Sergey Nikolaevich Starostin (Russian: Сергей Николаевич Старостин; born 1 January 1956 in Moscow) is a Russian folk and jazz composer and performer of Sámi and Tuvan folk music. He sings and plays the kalyuka, overtone flute, svirel, pyzhatka, reed instruments and gusli.
Eduard Strauss
Eduard "Edi" Strauss (15 March 1835 – 28 December 1916) was an Austrian composer who, together with his brothers Johann Strauss II and Josef Strauss made up the Strauss musical dynasty. He was the son of Johann Strauss I and Maria Anna Streim.  The family dominated the Viennese light music world for decades, creating many waltzes and polkas for many Austrian nobility as well as dance-music enthusiasts around Europe. He was affectionately known in his family as 'Edi'.

Polka
Polka is a dance style and genre of dance music in 24 originating in nineteenth-century Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. Though generally associated with Czech and Central European culture, polka is popular throughout Europe and the Americas.
Junga (film)
Junga is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film written and directed by Gokul. The film stars Vijay Sethupathi in a triple role alongside Sayyeshaa and Madonna Sebastian in a cameo. It was released to mixed reviews from critics, praising Vijay Sethupathi's performance and Yogi Babu’s comedy performance. The music was composed by Siddharth Vipin.

Madonna Sebastian
Madonna Sebastian (01 October 1991) is an Indian actress and Singer who primarily works in Tamil and Malayalam films. She made her acting debut with the 2015 Malayalam film Premam, and Tamil debut with Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum (2016), and in Telugu with Premam (2016) and in Kannada with Kotigobba 3 (2021).

She has appeared in successful films such as Premam (2015), King Liar (2016), Kavan (2017), Pa. Pandi (2017), Iblis (2018), Virus (2019), Brother's Day (2019), Kotigobba 3 (2021), Shyam Singha Roy (2021), Padmini (2023) and Leo (2023).
Saline River (Illinois)
The Saline River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 27 miles (43 km) long, in the Southern Illinois region of the U.S. state of Illinois. The river drains a large section of southeast Illinois, with a drainage basin of 1,762 square miles (4,564 km2). The major tributaries include the South Fork, Middle Fork and North Fork, all lying within the Saline Valley. The once meandering swampy river was important among Native Americans and early settlers as a source of salt from numerous salt springs where it was commercially extracted in the early 19th century.

Illinois Salines
The Illinois Salines, also known as the Saline Springs or Great Salt Springs, is a salt spring site located along the Saline River in Gallatin County, Illinois. The site was a source of salt for Illinois' prehistoric settlers and is now an archaeological site with a large quantity of organic remains. After European settlement of Illinois, the salt springs became part of Illinois' first major industry and were one of the only places in Illinois where slavery was legal after 1818.
Joel Pett
Joel W. Pett (born September 1, 1953) is an American Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoonist who formerly worked for the Lexington Herald-Leader. His cartoons are syndicated by Tribune Content Agency.

Pett's cartoons have appeared in hundreds of websites, newspapers and magazines worldwide, including The Washington Post, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, The Boston Globe, San Francisco Chronicle, Le Monde and many more.

Tribune Content Agency
Tribune Content Agency (TCA) is a syndication company owned by Tribune Publishing. TCA had previously been known as the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate (CTNYNS), Tribune Company Syndicate, and Tribune Media Services. TCA is headquartered in Chicago, and had offices in various American cities (Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Queensbury, New York; Arlington, Texas; Santa Monica, California), the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong.
Flory–Stockmayer theory
Flory–Stockmayer theory is a theory governing the cross-linking and gelation of step-growth polymers. The Flory–Stockmayer theory represents an advancement from the Carothers equation, allowing for the identification of the gel point for polymer synthesis not at stoichiometric balance. The theory was initially conceptualized by Paul Flory in 1941 and then was further developed by Walter Stockmayer in 1944 to include cross-linking with an arbitrary initial size distribution.
The Flory–Stockmayer theory was the first theory investigating percolation processes. Flory–Stockmayer theory is a special case of random graph theory of gelation.

Percolation theory
In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of a network when nodes or links are added. This is a geometric type of phase transition, since at a critical fraction of addition the network of small, disconnected clusters merge into significantly larger connected, so-called spanning clusters. The applications of percolation theory to materials science and in many other disciplines are discussed here and in the articles Network theory and Percolation (cognitive psychology).
Baramita
Baramita, is a community in the Barima-Waini region of northern Guyana,  standing about 20 miles west of Matthew's Ridge, at an altitude of 99 metres (328 feet).

It is one of the largest Amerindian settlements in the country. It is inhabited by the Kalina people. and the village council is responsible for 22 satellite villages as well. The total population of the indigenous area is 3,500 people. Baramita could only be easily reached only by air, however a road has been built to link it with Matthew's Ridge. The main economic activity in the village is mining and subsistence farming.

Barima-Waini
Barima-Waini (Region 1) is a region of Guyana and is located in the northwest of the country. Barima-Waini has three sub-regions: Mabaruma, Matakai, and Moruca.

The region is located in the northwest of the country and has a population of 26,941. It covers an area of 20,339 square kilometres (7,853 sq mi). It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of Pomeroon-Supenaam to the east, the region of Cuyuni-Mazaruni to the south and Venezuela to the west.