hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Koch (boat)
The koch (Russian: коч, IPA: [ˈkotɕ] ⓘ) was a special type of small one- or two-mast wooden sailing ships designed and used in Russia for transpolar voyages in ice conditions of the Arctic seas, popular among the Pomors.

Because of its additional skin-planking (called kotsa) and Arctic design of the body and the rudder, it could sail without being damaged in the waters full of ice blocks and ice floes. The koch was the unique ship of this class for several centuries.

Pomors
The Pomors (Russian: помо́ры, romanized: pomory, lit. 'seasiders', IPA: [pɐˈmorɨ]) are an ethnographic group traditionally thought to be descended from Russian settlers (primarily from Veliky Novgorod) living on the White Sea coasts and nearby regions, with their southern boundary marked by a watershed dividing the White Sea basin from river basins that drain southward. They primarily live in Arkhangelsk Oblast. The Pomors are typically considered to be a subgroup of the Russian ethnos.

They have historically played a significant role in the Russian development of Siberia. The Pomors engaged in sea mammal hunting, fishing, and trade as part of their livelihood.
Plan Dog memo
The Plan Dog memorandum was a 1940 U.S. government document written by Chief of Naval Operations Harold Stark. Ronald H. Spector claimed that the memo became "one of the best-known documents of World War II."
Confronting the problem of an expected two-front war against Germany and Italy in Europe and against Japan in the Pacific, the memo set out the main options and suggested fighting a defensive war in the Pacific while giving strategic priority to defeating Germany and Italy. The memo laid the basis for the later American policy of Europe first.

Harold Raynsford Stark
Harold Raynsford Stark (November 12, 1880 – August 20, 1972) was an officer in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II, who served as the 8th Chief of Naval Operations from August 1, 1939, to March 26, 1942. He was relieved of that position and subsequently reassigned to serve Commander of United States Naval Forces Europe in the wake of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Demographic history of Russia
This article presents the demographic history of Russia covering the period of Kievan Rus, its successor states, the Mongol domination and the unified Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire. See Demographics of the Soviet Union and Demographics of Russia for a more detailed overview of the current and 20th century demographics.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
Cierpięta, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Cierpięta [t͡ɕɛrˈpjɛnta] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mikołajki Pomorskie, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) west of Mikołajki Pomorskie, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Sztum, and 67 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Mikołajki Pomorskie
Gmina Mikołajki Pomorskie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Mikołajki Pomorskie, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Sztum and 67 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 91.75 square kilometres (35.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,763.
Principle of typification
In biological nomenclature, the principle of typification is one of the guiding principles.

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature provides that any named taxon in the family group, genus group, or species group have a name-bearing type which allows the name of the taxon to be objectively applied. The type does not define the taxon: that is done by a taxonomist; and an indefinite number of competing definitions can exist side by side. Rather, a type is a point of reference.  A name has a type, and a taxonomist (having defined the taxon) can determine which existing types fall within the scope of the taxon. They can then use the rules in the Code to determine the valid name for the taxon.

Nomenclature codes
Nomenclature codes or codes of nomenclature are the various rulebooks that govern the naming of living organisms. Standardizing the scientific names of biological organisms allows researchers to discuss findings (including the discovery of new species).

As the study of biology became increasingly specialized, specific codes were adopted for different types of organism.

To an end-user who only deals with names of species, with some awareness that species are assignable to genera, families, and other taxa of higher ranks, it may not be noticeable that there is more than one code, but beyond this basic level these are rather different in the way they work.
Eight Days, Assassination Attempts against King Jeongjo
Eight Days, Assassination Attempts against King Jeongjo (Korean: 정조암살미스터리 8일; lit. Jeongjo Assassination Mystery 8 Days) is a South Korean television miniseries starring Kim Sang-joong, Park Jung-chul, Jung Ae-ri, Lee Seon-ho, and Hee Won. The series ran for 10 episodes, and was aired by CGV from November 17, 2007 to December 16, 2007. This show is placed in the context of the eight days procession organized in 1795 by King Jeongjo of Joseon to visit the tomb of his father at Hwaseong Fortress. This historic event was a huge one, involving 5,661 people and 1,417 horses.

Crown Prince Sado
Crown Prince Sado (Korean: 사도세자; Hanja: 思悼世子; 13 February 1735 – 12 July 1762), personal name Yi Seon (이선; 李愃), was the second son of King Yeongjo of Joseon. His biological mother was Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Yi clan. Due to the prior death of Sado's older half-brother, Crown Prince Hyojang, the new prince was the probable future monarch. However, at the age of 27, he died, most likely of dehydration and possibly of starvation after being confined in a rice chest on the orders of his father in the heat of summer.
Never Enough Tour
The Never Enough Tour is an ongoing concert tour by American hardcore punk band Turnstile, in support of their fourth studio album, Never Enough.

The North American leg was announced on June 10, 2025, 4 days after the release of Never Enough, and is scheduled to begin on September 15 in Nashville, Tennessee, and finish on January 11, 2026 in Red Hill, Australia.

Turnstile (band)
Turnstile is an American rock band from Baltimore, Maryland, formed in 2010. The band consists of lead vocalist Brendan Yates, guitarists Pat McCrory and Meg Mills, bassist Franz Lyons, and drummer Daniel Fang.

Originally a hardcore punk group, Turnstile's breakthrough third album Glow On was released in 2021, earning critical acclaim and three Grammy nominations. Founding guitarist Brady Ebert left the band in 2022. Their fourth album Never Enough was released in 2025 and charted in the top 10 of five countries, including the U.S. The album received five Grammy nods as Turnstile became the first band to be nominated in the rock, alternative, and metal categories in the same year. The band took home the Grammy's for Best Metal Performance for their song "Birds" and Best Rock Album on February 1, 2026.
Stubby Kaye
Bernard Shalom Kotzin (November 11, 1918 – December 14, 1997), known professionally as Stubby Kaye, was an American actor, comedian, vaudevillian and singer, known for his appearances on Broadway and in film musicals.

Kaye originated the roles of Nicely-Nicely Johnson in Guys and Dolls and Marryin' Sam in Li'l Abner, introducing two show-stopping numbers of the era: "Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat" and "Jubilation T. Cornpone". He reprised these roles in the movie versions of the shows. Other well-known roles include Herman in Bob Fosse's Sweet Charity, Sam the Shade in Cat Ballou, and Marvin Acme in Who Framed Roger Rabbit.

Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat
"Sit Down, You're Rockin' the Boat" is a song written by Frank Loesser and published in 1950. The song was introduced in the Broadway musical Guys and Dolls, which opened at the 46th Street Theatre on November 24, 1950. In the context of the show, gambler Nicely-Nicely Johnson recounts a dream about being saved from Hell in order to bring together the members of the prayer meeting. It was performed on stage by Stubby Kaye who later reprised his role as Nicely-Nicely Johnson in the 1953 London production, as well as the 1955 film version of the play.

The song is generally considered to be the 11 o'clock number in Guys and Dolls.
Davenport Community School District
The Davenport Community School District is a public school district in Scott County, Iowa.  The school district covers 109 square miles (280 km2) that includes the city of Davenport, where it is based, and the western Scott County communities of Blue Grass, Buffalo and Walcott in addition to a small section of Muscatine County. The district also includes the census-designated place of Plainview.

Founded in 1858, it established one of the first publicly-funded high schools in the United States, the third teachers’ training school, and hired the first female superintendent in the country.  It serves nearly 16,000 students in 32 school buildings.

Walcott, Iowa
Walcott (/ˈwɔlkɔt/ WAWL-cawt, sometimes locally [ˈwɔlkət]) is a city in Muscatine and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 1,551 at the time of the 2020 census. Walcott's interchange on Interstate 80 is home to an enormous complex of restaurants, motels and truck stops, including the Iowa 80 truck stop, which is the world's largest.

Most of Walcott is part of the Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area, but the Muscatine County portion of the city is considered part of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Batool Fatima
Syeda Batool Fatima Naqvi (born 14 August 1982) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She appeared in one Test match, 83 One Day Internationals and 45 Twenty20 Internationals for Pakistan between 2001 and 2014. She played domestic cricket for Karachi and Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited.

Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited women's cricket team
The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited women's cricket team is a Pakistani women's cricket team, sponsored by the Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited. They competed in the National Women's Cricket Championship, the Women's Cricket Challenge Trophy and the Departmental T20 Women's Championship between 2009–10 and 2018–19. They were the most successful side in all three competitions, winning every tournament they competed in, with 14 titles overall.
Paulus Merula
Paulus Merula, or Paul van Merle (Dordrecht, 19 August 1558 - Rostock, 20 July 1607) was a Dutch jurist, classicist, historian, geographer and librarian.

In 1592 he was appointed professor of history at Leiden University, and was elevated to full professor in 1593. 
From 1597 until his death he was librarian to Leiden University Library, and in 1603 he was appointed rector magnificus of the university. He was friends with Janus Dousa and Daniël Heinsius, and was a Leiden contemporary of the humanist Joseph Justus Scaliger.

His most important work was a two-part history of Holland and Guelders. He also produced the editio princeps of Williram of Ebersberg's Expositio in Cantica Canticorum, which was widely cited by 17th-century humanists.

Williram of Ebersberg
Williram of Ebersberg (died 3 January 1085) was a Benedictine abbot. He is best known for his Expositio in Cantica Canticorum, a complex commentary of the Song of Songs which includes an Old High German translation and a Latin verse paraphrase.
Pleasant Valley High School (California)
Pleasant Valley High School (commonly referred to as Pleasant Valley) is a public co-educational and comprehensive high school located in Chico, California teaching ninth grade through twelfth grade. It is the second largest school in the Chico Unified School District, which serves around 14,157 students.

Chico, California
Chico (/ˈtʃiːkoʊ/ CHEE-koh; Spanish for "boy") is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 101,475 in the 2020 census, an increase from 86,187 in the 2010 census. Chico is the cultural and economic center of the northern Sacramento Valley, as well as the most populous city in California north of the capital city of Sacramento. The city is known as a college town, as the home of California State University, Chico, and for Bidwell Park, one of the largest urban parks in the world.
Letras de Ponce
The Letras de Ponce (English: Ponce letters) is a famous landmark in Barrio Sabanetas in Ponce, Puerto Rico, located southbound on PR-52 at the intersection with PR-10. The iconic monument consists of five letters that spell the name of the city P-O-N-C-E in 20-foot  high (6.1 m) by 18-foot  wide (5.5 m) by 12-foot  deep (3.7 m) red and black letters. The letters, and its resulting sign, were designed by Carlos Rivera Villafañe, a sculptor from Ponce. The landmark is said to be "known to every Puerto Rican."

Puerto Rico Highway 52
Puerto Rico Highway 52 (PR-52), a major toll road in Puerto Rico, is also known as Autopista Luis A. Ferré. It was formerly called Expreso Las Américas. It runs from PR-1 in southwest Río Piedras and heads south until it intersects with highway PR-2 in Ponce. PR-52 is Puerto Rico's longest and second most traveled tollway. The road is mostly a 2-lane road in each direction. Toll stations are located in San Juan, Caguas, Salinas, Juana Díaz, and Ponce. The speed limit from San Juan to Caguas is 55 miles per hour (89 km/h). From Caguas to Salinas, it is 45 miles per hour (72 km/h), and from Salinas to Ponce, it is 65 miles per hour (105 km/h).
Denny Abbey
Denny Abbey is a former abbey near Waterbeach, about 6 miles (10 km) north of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England. It is now the Farmland Museum and Denny Abbey.

The monastery was inhabited by a succession of three different religious orders. The site is a scheduled ancient monument. The church and refectory buildings survive and are Grade I listed buildings. Also on the site is a barn built in the 17th century from stone taken from the abbey.

The site, on an ancient road between Cambridge and Ely, was settled by farmers as early as the Roman period. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded that it was owned by Edith the Fair (also known as Swanneck), the consort of King Harold, in 1066. It was owned subsequently by the Breton lord, Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond. The place-name "Denny" is first attested in Templar records of 1176, where it appears as Daneya and Deneia. The name is thought to mean "Danes' Island".

Pembroke College, Cambridge
Pembroke College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college is the third-oldest college of the university and has over 700 students and fellows. It is one of the university's larger colleges, with buildings from almost every century since its founding, as well as extensive gardens. Its members are termed "Valencians". The college's Master is the art historian Rosalind Polly Blakesley.

Pembroke has a level of academic performance among the highest of all the Cambridge colleges; in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018 Pembroke was placed second in the Tompkins Table. Pembroke contains the first chapel designed by Sir Christopher Wren and is one of only six Cambridge colleges to have educated a British prime minister, in Pembroke's case William Pitt the Younger. The college library, with a Victorian neo-gothic clock tower, has an original copy of the first encyclopaedia to contain printed diagrams.
Iranian Gendarmerie
The Iranian Gendarmerie (Persian: ژاندارمری ایران), also known as the Government Gendarmerie (Persian: ژاندارمری دولتی, romanized: Žāndārmirī-ye Daulatī), was the gendarmerie, and subsequent modern highway patrol, in Iran. A paramilitary force, it also played a significant part in politics from its establishment in 1910 during the Qajar era until the advent of the Pahlavi era in 1925. It continued to serve until the end of the Pahlavi era and was modernized into the Imperial Iranian Gendarmerie. Originally established as a constitutional army, the force employed Swedish officers in command of Iranian personnel to perform both traditional police duties and conduct military campaigns against tribal forces. In 1991 the Iranian Gendarmerie was merged with other police forces to form the Police Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Eric Carlberg
Gustaf Eric Carlberg (5 April 1880 – 14 August 1963) was a Swedish Army officer, diplomat, sport shooter, fencer, and modern pentathlete who competed at the 1906, 1908, 1912 and 1924 Olympics alongside his twin brother Vilhelm.
2024 Canberra Tennis International – Women's doubles
Irina Khromacheva and Anastasia Tikhonova were the defending champions, but chose to participate with different partners. Khromacheva partnered Nao Hibino but lost in the quarterfinals to Kaylah McPhee and Astra Sharma. Tikhonova partnered Elvina Kalieva but lost in the first round to Jodie Burrage and Jil Teichmann.

Veronika Erjavec and Darja Semeņistaja won the title, defeating McPhee and Sharma 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Astra Sharma
Astra Sharma (born 11 September 1995) is an Australian professional tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of 84 in singles and 91 in doubles. Sharma has won one singles title and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour. In addition, she has won one singles title on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as eight titles in singles and seven in doubles on the ITF Circuit.

In December 2017, she won the Australian Open Wildcard Playoff alongside Belinda Woolcock, their main-draw entry into the 2018 Australian Open.

At the 2019 Australian Open, she and fellow Australian John-Patrick Smith reached the final of the mixed-doubles competition after receiving a wildcard to enter the main draw.
The House That Swift Built
The House That Swift Built (Russian: Дом, который построил Свифт, romanized: Dom, kotoriy postroil Svift) is a 1982 Soviet fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Mark Zakharov based on the eponymous play by Grigori Gorin about Irish satirist writer and Anglican priest Jonathan Swift.

In 1745 Dublin, a weary Jonathan Swift confronts mortality and legacy as he encounters characters from his own writings, blurring the line between reality and fiction in his final days.

Grigori Gorin
Grigori Israilevich Gorin (Russian: Григо́рий Изра́илевич Го́рин, born Ofshtein (Russian: Офштейн); 12 March 1940 — 15 June 2000)  was a Soviet and Russian playwright and writer of Jewish descent.

Gorin is particularly credited with scripts for several plays and films, which are regarded as important element of cultural reaction to the Era of Stagnation and perestroika in Soviet history.
C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
C/1911 O1 (Brooks), also designated 1911 V or Comet Brooks, was a bright comet discovered in July 1911 by astronomer William Robert Brooks.

It is notable for becoming a bright naked-eye object of second magnitude, with a narrow straight tail of up to thirty degrees in length and a distinct blue colour; this colour seen in some comets is usually a result of the emission of carbon monoxide ions. It was also notable for uniquely being visible at the same time (mid October 1911) and in the same part of the sky as a second bright comet; this was C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky), which reached the first magnitude, had a fifteen degree tail and a bright golden-yellow appearance.

William Robert Brooks
William Robert Brooks (June 11, 1844 – May 3, 1921) was a British-born American astronomer, mainly noted as being one of the most prolific discoverers of new comets of all time, second only to Jean-Louis Pons.
Treechada Petcharat
Treechada Petcharat (Thai: ตรีชฎา เพชรรัตน์, RTGS: Trichada Phetcharat), originally Treechada Malayaporn (Thai: ตรีชฎา มาลยาภรณ์, RTGS: Trichada Malayaphon) and better known by the nicknames Poyd (Thai: ปอย, RTGS: Poi) or Nong Poy (Thai: น้องปอย, RTGS: Nong Poi), is a Thai actress and model who underwent gender affirming surgery at age 17. She is dubbed Thailand's "most beautiful transgender woman".

The White Storm
The White Storm, formerly known as The Cartels War (Chinese: 掃毒) is a 2013 action film directed by Benny Chan. A Hong Kong-Chinese co-production, the film stars Sean Lau, Louis Koo, and Nick Cheung. The film had its world premiere at the 2013 Hong Kong Asian Film Festival on 25 October 2013.

A sequel titled The White Storm 2: Drug Lords was released on 16 July 2019, with Koo returning, Andy Lau joining the cast as well as producing and Herman Yau directing.
Listed buildings in Upton, Merseyside
Upton is a village in Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It contains five buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are listed at Grade II.  This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  Originally a village, Upton has become absorbed by the growth of Birkenhead, of which it is now effectively a suburb.  The listed buildings are two churches, a library and two large houses, both of which have been adapted to serve other purposes.

Upton, Merseyside
Upton is a village in the northern part of the Wirral Peninsula, England, and is situated within 4 miles (6.4 km) of Birkenhead, 4 miles (6.4 km) of the Dee Estuary, a similar distance from the River Mersey, and 2 miles (3.2 km) from Liverpool Bay. The village is a ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in the metropolitan county of Merseyside. Upton was in the traditional county of Cheshire. At the 2011 census, the population was 16,130.

Upton was originally settled as an Anglo-Saxon farming community, and remained as a farming community until the village's rapid urbanisation and expansion from the mid-19th century. This was brought about by the development of Liverpool as a major port, with rail and road links across the Mersey estuary. The village now has a strong service economy which is based primarily around healthcare and retail, with a variety of places nearby, and within the village, to pursue sport and leisure activities.
Smith–Green Community Schools
Smith–Green Community Schools is a public school district serving the town of Churubusco, Indiana. The name derives from the townships it serves: Smith Township in Whitley County and Green Township in Noble County. It has 1,186 students as of the 2020–2021 school year and includes two schools: Churubusco Elementary School (pre-K to 5th grade) and Churubusco Junior-Senior High School (grades 6–12). The schools are housed in the same complex but administered separately.

Noble County, Indiana
Noble County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 47,457. The county seat is Albion. The county is divided into 13 townships which provide local services. Noble County comprises the Kendallville, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Fort Wayne-Huntington-Auburn, IN Combined Statistical Area.