hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boston Housing Authority
The Boston Housing Authority (BHA) is a public agency within the city of Boston, Massachusetts that provides subsidized public housing to low- and moderate-income families and individuals. The BHA is not a municipal agency, but a separate local entity.

In the federal government model of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), BHA is a public housing agency. As such, BHA administers federal government assistance programs and monies for locally subsidized housing.

With 70 developments, and serving almost 26,000 people across over 12,600 public housing units, it is the largest public housing authority in New England. It also offers partial subsidies for private housing, assisting another 32,000 people, and administers federal Section 8 vouchers.

The agency's performance is periodically reviewed by a nine-member council, the BHA Monitoring Committee, which reports to the mayor.

Housing authority
A housing authority or ministry of housing is generally a governmental body that governs aspects of housing or (called in general "shelter" or "living spaces"), often providing subsidies and low rent or free public housing to qualified people. The existence of government agencies specifically concerned with ensuring that housing is available to people living in the country is a comparatively modern development, with the first such agencies being established in U.S. cities in the 1930s, the height of the Great Depression.
Besbre
The Besbre (French pronunciation: [bɛbʁ]) is a river in central France, a left tributary of the Loire. It is 106 km (66 mi) long. Its source is on the mountain of Puy de Montoncel, northeast of Thiers, in the Massif Central. The Besbre flows generally north, through the following departments and towns:

Allier: Laprugne, Lapalisse, Dompierre-sur-Besbre

Loire:  Saint-Priest-la-Prugne

The Besbre flows into the river Loire 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Dompierre-sur-Besbre.

Lapalisse
Lapalisse (French pronunciation: [lapalis]) is a French commune located in the department of Allier in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

The commune is labeled a Village étape (Stopover Village) since 2006 and is part of the association Les Plus Beaux Détours de France (The Most Beautiful Detours in France). It is also recognized as a "flowered town" with two flowers and has been the patron town of the Aviso Commandant Blaison of the French Navy since 1981.
Chiral gauge theory
In quantum field theory, a chiral gauge theory is a quantum field theory with charged chiral (i.e. Weyl) fermions. For instance, the Standard Model, specifically the electroweak interaction, is a chiral gauge theory. For topological reasons, chiral charged fermions cannot be given a mass without breaking the gauge symmetry, which will lead to inconsistencies unlike a global symmetry. It is notoriously difficult to construct a chiral gauge theory from a theory which does not already contain chiral fields at the fundamental level. A consistent chiral gauge theory must have no gauge anomaly (or global anomaly). Almost by necessity, regulators will have to break the gauge symmetry. This is responsible for gauge anomalies in the first place.

Gauge anomaly
In theoretical physics, a gauge anomaly is an example of an anomaly: it is a feature of quantum mechanics—usually a one-loop diagram—that invalidates the gauge symmetry of a quantum field theory; i.e. of a gauge theory.

All gauge anomalies must cancel out. Anomalies in gauge symmetries lead to an inconsistency, since a gauge symmetry is required   in order to cancel degrees of freedom with a negative norm which are unphysical (such as a photon polarized in the time direction). Indeed, cancellation occurs in the Standard Model.

The term gauge anomaly is usually used for vector gauge anomalies. Another type of gauge anomaly is the gravitational anomaly, because coordinate reparametrization (called a diffeomorphism) is the gauge symmetry of gravitation.
Notre Dame High School (Harper Woods, Michigan)
Notre Dame High School was a Catholic, all–male, non–residential college preparatory school in the Detroit suburb of Harper Woods, Michigan. It was closed in 2005, with 295 students, after more than 50 years due to budget concerns, according to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The school had about 300 students at the time of closure, down from almost 1000 during its peak enrollment levels. It was founded in 1954 and operated by the Marist Fathers and Brothers, and the first class graduated in 1958.

Throughout its existence, the school was located next door to Regina High School, a Catholic, all–female school; and Lutheran High School East. Lutheran High School East closed in 2004 and Regina High School moved to Warren, Michigan in 2007.

Harper Woods, Michigan
Harper Woods is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Harper Woods borders Detroit to the north and east, roughly 9 miles (14.5 km) northeast of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 15,492.
Pathibhara Devi Temple
Pathibhara Devi/Mukumlung Temple (Nepali: पाथिभरा देवी मन्दिर) is one of the most significant Shaktipeeth in Nepal, located on the top hill of Taplejung mountains. It is also considered one of the holy places for the Nepalese people. Worshippers from different parts of Nepal and India visit the temple during special occasions, as it is believed that a pilgrimage to the temple ensures the fulfillment of the pilgrims' wishes.

The temple is located 19.4 North East from Phungling municipality at an elevation of 3,794 m (12,448 ft) (20448 feet above sea level and temperature around -2 to 1 degree Celsius). It serves as a secondary route of Kanchenjunga trek. The list of devotees includes the ex-Royal family of Nepal. The pilgrims offer animal sacrifices, gold and silver to please the goddess.

Pathibhara Temple is also a side route to the Kanchenjunga Base Camp Trek.

Taplejung District
Taplejung District (Nepali: ताप्लेजुङ जिल्ला ({{Sherpa|xsr||རྟ་བླ་རྫོང Listenⓘ) is one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal and one of the 14 districts of Koshi Province. It is located deep in the Himalayas in Eastern Nepal with བོད to the north across the Himalayas. Taplejung is the third largest district (by area) of Nepal.

The district covers an area of 3,646 square kilometres (1,408 sq mi) and has a total population (2011 Nepal census) of 127,461. The district is surrounded by Tibet in the north, Sankhuwasabha District in the west, Tehrathum District and Panchthar District in the south and Sikkim (India) in the east. Geographically, the district is located at a latitude of 27º 06' to 27º 55'N and a longitude of 87º57' to 88°12' E.
KTBU
KTBU (channel 55) is a television station licensed to Conroe, Texas, United States, serving as the Houston area outlet for the digital multicast network Quest. It is owned and operated by Tegna Inc. alongside CBS affiliate KHOU (channel 11). The two stations share studios on Westheimer Road near Uptown Houston; KTBU's transmitter is located near Missouri City, in unincorporated northeastern Fort Bend County. Previously, KTBU maintained separate facilities on Old Katy Road in the northwest side of Houston, while the KHOU studios only housed KTBU's master control and some internal operations.

USFR Media Group
U.S. Farm & Ranch Supply Company, Inc. (d/b/a USFR Media Group) was an integrated media company incorporated in Texas in February 2000. A family-owned business, it was headed by Chairman and CEO Gregory L. Brown, a rancher who previously owned an independent oil and gas firm, and his wife, socialite Linda Lyons Brown. It owned television stations, published lifestyle magazines, and created infomercials and promotional videos.
2017 Skate Canada International
The 2017 Skate Canada International was the second event of the 2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series, held at the Brandt Centre in Regina, Saskatchewan from October 27–29, 2017. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2017–18 Grand Prix Final.

Brandt Centre
Brandt Centre (formerly the Regina Agridome) is an indoor arena at REAL District in Regina, Saskatchewan. Built in 1977, it is the home arena for the WHL's Regina Pats. It is owned by the city of Regina and operated by the Regina Exhibition Association Ltd. (REAL).
Flat Classroom Project
Flat Classroom Project is a global collaborative project for students in Grades 3 -12, inspired by Thomas Friedman's book, The World Is Flat, and leverages Web 2.0 tools to foster communication and interaction between students and teachers from classrooms around the world.

The World Is Flat
The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century is a 2005 book by American political commentator Thomas L. Friedman. It analyzes globalization in the early 21st century, suggesting that the world has a level playing field where countries, companies, and individuals need to remain competitive in a global market. It won the inaugural Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award in 2005.
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (sometimes known as The AJC)  is an American online newspaper based in Atlanta, Georgia. It is the flagship publication of Cox Enterprises. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution is the result of the merger between The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution. The two staffs were combined in 1982. Separate publication of the morning Constitution and the afternoon Journal ended in 2001 in favor of a single morning paper under the Journal-Constitution name.

The Atlanta Journal-Constitution has its headquarters in Midtown Atlanta. It was formerly co-owned with television flagship WSB-TV and six radio stations, which are located separately in Midtown Atlanta; the newspaper remained part of Cox Enterprises, while WSB became part of an independent Cox Media Group.

The Atlanta Journal-Constitution published its last print edition on December 31, 2025, and moved to a digital-only online newspaper.

Cox Media Group
CMG Media Corporation (doing business as Cox Media Group) is an American media conglomerate principally owned by Apollo Global Management in conjunction with Cox Enterprises, which maintains a 29% minority stake in the company. The company primarily owns radio and television stations—many of which are located in the South, Pacific Northwest, Eastern Midwest, and Northeast, and the regional cable news network Pittsburgh Cable News Channel (PCNC).

Originally founded in December 2008 by Cox Enterprises through a consolidation of its existing publishing and broadcasting subsidiaries, the current incarnation of Cox Media Group was formed on December 17, 2019, through the acquisition by Apollo of the original Cox Media Group (along with Cox Enterprises' advertising subsidiary, Gamut) from Cox Enterprises, which transferred a controlling interest in the company to Apollo, and Northwest Broadcasting from Brian Brady.
Johan van Stratum
Johan van Stratum (born 15 April 1982) is a Dutch bassist, currently playing live for German power metal band Blind Guardian and Ayreon.

He was the bassist of Stream of Passion, and one of the two founding members to stay in the band until it disbanded in 2016. He also played bass live for Ayreon and The Gentle Storm, VUUR. In July 2021 he was announced as the bass player of German power metal band Blind Guardian.

Darker Days (Stream of Passion album)
Darker Days is the third studio album by the Dutch progressive metal band Stream of Passion, released in 2011 on Napalm Records.

It is the first album with drummer Martijn Peters. All producing, engineering, mixing and mastering were made by former After Forever keyboardist Joost van den Broek.
Fanny Suenssen
Fanny Margrethe Kirstine Suenssen (1832–1918) was a Danish writer. Brought up by a mother interested in literature, like her sisters Alfhilda Mechlenburg and Teckla Juel, she contributed articles to women's magazines and published novels and short stories. Although she suffered from poor health throughout her life and was often bed-ridden, she nevertheless completed her first novel Amalie Vardum in 1862. She published anonymously until the 1890s when she put her name to two collections of short stories.

Tönning
Tönning (German pronunciation: [ˈtœnɪŋ] ⓘ; Low German: Tünn, Tönn or Tönnen; Danish: Tønning; North Frisian: Taning) is a town in the district of Nordfriesland in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.
Putignano
Putignano (Barese: Putignàane) is one of the neighborhoods of the Italian town Bari. With 26,644 inhabitants it is located in the Murgia of the Metropolitan City of Bari, in Apulia, southern Italy. It is known for its ancient Carnival, for textile manufacturing companies and for karst caves.

Metropolitan City of Bari
The Metropolitan City of Bari (Italian: città metropolitana di Bari) is a metropolitan city in the region of Apulia of Italy. Its capital is the city of Bari. It replaced the province of Bari and includes the city of Bari and 40 other municipalities. It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since January 1, 2015.

The Metropolitan City of Bari is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 1 January 2015 Antonio Decaro, as mayor of the capital city, has been the first mayor of the Metropolitan City.

It has a population of 1,218,191 in an area of 3,862.88 km2 (1,491.47 sq mi) as of 2025.
Serrano language
Serrano (Serrano: Maarrênga'twich) is a language in the Serran branch of the Uto-Aztecan family spoken by the Serrano people of Southern California. The language is closely related to Tongva, Tataviam, Kitanemuk and Vanyume, which may be a dialect of Serrano. Serrano has free word order with the only rule being that verbs usually come last.

Serran languages
The Serran or Serrano-Gabrielino languages are a branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family that comprises the extinct Serrano language, Kitanemuk language (Serran proper), and Tongva, all indigenous to southern California. The branch has been considered to be part of the Takic subgroup, but there is doubt about the validity of Takic as a genetic unit, the similarities between the languages classed as Takic possibly being due primarily to borrowing.
Rahinge
Rahinge is a village in Tartu urban municipality, Tartu County, Estonia. It is located about 6 km (4 mi) west of the city of Tartu. Rahinge has a population of 352 (as of 31 December 2010). Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, Rahinge was located in Tähtvere Parish.

Rahinge was first mentioned in 1582 and has borne the names of Rahinik, Rahhingo and Rahingu.

Poet Karl Eduard Sööt (1862–1950) spent his childhood in Rahinge.

Tartu (urban municipality)
Tartu (Estonian: Tartu linn) is an urban municipality of Estonia, in Tartu County. It consists of the city of Tartu, as well as the former Tähtvere Parish bordering the city in the north-west. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform, Tartu held negotiations with all neighbouring parishes, with Tähtvere Parish eventually being the only one to agree to the merge. The municipality is thus separate from the neighbouring Tartu Parish.
Boy Swallows Universe (TV series)
Boy Swallows Universe is an Australian coming of age television miniseries for Netflix based on the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by Trent Dalton. Produced by Andrew Mason and Troy Lum and written by John Collee, the story revolves around Eli Bell, a working-class youth who enters Brisbane's underworld to save his mother from danger. It features an ensemble cast led by Travis Fimmel, Phoebe Tonkin, Felix Cameron, Lee Tiger Halley, Zac Burgess, Simon Baker, Bryan Brown, Anthony LaPaglia and Sophie Wilde.

The series premiered on Netflix on 11 January 2024 to overwhelming praise from critics and audiences. The story, tone, acting and faithfulness to the source material were all subjects of particular acclaim. It received numerous accolades, including a record 10 Logie Award nominations.

Deborah Mailman
Deborah Jane Mailman AM (born 14 July 1972) is an Australian actress. Mailman is best known for her characters: MP Alexandra "Alex" Irving on the Australian political drama series Total Control, Kelly Lewis on the Australian drama series The Secret Life of Us, Cherie Butterfield in the Australian comedy-drama series Offspring, Lorraine in the Australian drama series Redfern Now, Poppy Birkbeck in the miniseries Boy Swallows Universe and Aunt Linda in the Australian dystopian science fiction series Cleverman.

Mailman was the first Indigenous Australian actress to win the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and has gone on to win seven more both in television and film. She first gained recognition in the 1998 film Radiance for which she won her first AFI award. Her other well known films are Rabbit-Proof Fence, Bran Nue Dae, Oddball, The Sapphires, Paper Planes, Blinky Bill the Movie, H Is for Happiness,  and The Book of Revelation.
Bruce Onobrakpeya
Bruce Obomeyoma Onobrakpeya (born 30 August 1932) is a Nigerian printmaker, painter and sculptor. He has exhibited at the Tate Modern in London, the National Museum of African Art of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and the Malmö Konsthall in Malmö, Sweden.
The National Gallery of Modern Art, Lagos, has an exhibit of colourful abstract canvases by Onobrakpeya, and his works were found at the Virtual Museum of Modern Nigerian Art.

Virtual Museum of Modern Nigerian Art
The online Virtual Museum of Modern Nigerian Art is a non-commercial initiative whose primary aim is to provide an easily accessible educational resource that can serve as a first point of reference for students, teachers and art enthusiasts interested in learning about modern and contemporary art in Nigeria. It is operated by the Pan-Atlantic University in Lagos, Nigeria, the parent body of the Lagos Business School.
The Chase (2006 TV series)
The Chase is a British television drama series that aired on BBC One between 16 July 2006 and 26 August 2007. It centred on a family-run veterinary practice.

The show was co-written by Gaynor Faye (credited as Gaynor Mellor), the daughter of the show's creator, Kay Mellor. Much filming for the series was carried out in and around Otley, West Yorkshire; the series is set in the fictional town of "Oxley".

Otley
Otley is a market town and civil parish at a bridging point on the River Wharfe, in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the population was 13,668 at the 2011 census. It is in two parts: south of the river is the historic town of Otley and to the north is Newall, which was formerly a separate township. The town is in lower Wharfedale on the A660 road which connects  it to Leeds.

The town is in the Otley and Yeadon ward of Leeds City Council and the Leeds North West parliamentary constituency.
Black Box (TV series)
Black Box is an American psychological medical drama television series which ran for one season, from April 24 to July 24, 2014, and starred Kelly Reilly and Vanessa Redgrave, on ABC. The program had a straight-to-series order with a 13-episode commitment. The series was created by Amy Holden Jones and is co-produced by Ilene Chaiken, Bryan Singer, Oliver Obst, and Anne Thomopoulos. After one season, ABC canceled Black Box on August 7, 2014.

Amy Holden Jones
Amy Holden Jones is an American screenwriter and film director best known for directing The Slumber Party Massacre and for creating the FOX medical drama The Resident. She has edited various films and later began directing and writing. She currently works in television.
Buddy Complex
Buddy Complex (バディ・コンプレックス, Badi Konpurekkusu) is a Japanese mecha anime television series produced by Sunrise. The series aired between January 5, 2014, and March 30, 2014. The first episode was pre-aired on December 29, 2013. A manga adaptation began serialization in ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Daioh from January 27, 2014. A 2-part sequel aired on September 29 and 30, 2014.

Eiji Miyashita
Eiji Miyashita (宮下 栄治, Miyashita Eiji; born September 26, 1978) is a Japanese voice actor affiliated with Aptepro. His main roles include Kyohei Kashihara in Arpeggio of Blue Steel, Sosuke Sugaya in Assassination Classroom, Hajun in Kajiri Kamui Kagura, Airzel in Bakugan, Papa in Higepiyo, Kenji Ito in Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere, Gen Shishio in Kekkaishi, and Takeo Tsurumaru in Shadow Star.
Palazzo Ancini
The Palazzo Ancini  is a Mannerist-style palace with a main facade located on Via Luigi Carlo Farini #4 in the historic center of the town of Reggio Emilia in Italy.

An original palace at the site had been commissioned by the Ruggieri family, but belonged by 1659 to the Pegoletti family, and after 1766 to the family of the Count Sormani. In 1821, it became property of the Count of Ancini, whose family left the property in 1887 to the Congregation of Charity.

The building, including the facade underwent a severe reconstruction from 1924 to 1930 under the direction of professor Luigi Bertolini. The arrangement of the windows, with grotesque masks, and the central Mannerist stone portico are original. The ceiling of the interior scalone d'onore was frescoed by Anselmo Govi in the 1920s. Facing the facade, to the right of the portal, is a plaque remembering the local labor leader Luigi Roversi (1858 – 1917).

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Wolfe conditions
In the unconstrained minimization problem, the Wolfe conditions (also known as  the Armijo-Wolfe conditions in some books) are a set of inequalities for performing inexact line search, especially in quasi-Newton methods, first published by Philip Wolfe in 1969 (also named after Larry Armijo).

In these methods the idea is to find

for some smooth . Each step often involves approximately solving the subproblem

where  is the current best guess,  is a search direction, and  is the step length.

The inexact line searches provide an efficient way of computing an acceptable step length  that reduces the objective function 'sufficiently', rather than minimizing the objective function over  exactly. A line search algorithm can use Wolfe conditions as a requirement for any guessed , before finding a new search direction .

Line search
In optimization, line search is a basic iterative approach to find a local minimum  of an objective function . It first finds a descent direction along which the objective function  will be reduced, and then computes a step size that determines how far  should move along that direction. The descent direction can be computed by various methods, such as gradient descent or quasi-Newton method. The step size can be determined either exactly or inexactly.