hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Why We Post
Why We Post is a research project funded by the European Research Council and launched in 2012 by Daniel Miller with the objective of examining the global impact of new social media. The study is based on ethnographic data collected through the course of 15 months in China, India, Turkey, Italy, United Kingdom, Trinidad, Chile and Brazil.

The results of this project were released on 29 February 2016. This included the first three of eleven Open Access books (available via UCL Press), a five-week e-course (MOOC) on FutureLearn  in English, also available in Chinese, Portuguese, Hindi, Tamil, Italian, Turkish, and Spanish on UCLeXtend. In addition a website containing key discoveries, stories and over 100 films is available in the same 8 languages.

Daniel Miller (anthropologist)
Daniel Miller (born 24 March 1954) is an anthropologist who is closely associated with studies of human relationships to things, the consequences of consumption and digital anthropology. His theoretical work was first developed in Material Culture and Mass Consumption and is summarised more recently in his book Stuff. This work transcends the usual dualism between subject and object and studies how social relations are created through consumption as an activity.

Miller is also the founder of the digital anthropology programme at University College London (UCL), and the director the Why We Post and ASSA projects. He has pioneered the study of digital anthropology and especially ethnographic research on the use and consequences of social media and smartphones as part of the everyday life of ordinary people around the world. He is a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA).
Anne Turyn
Anne Turyn (born 1954) is an American photographer. Her work is included in the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art, New York. She is also an adjunct professor at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York.

Turyn founded and edited Top Stories between 1978 and 1991—"experimental fiction written by (mostly) women authors, styled as chapbooks with each issue dedicated to a single writer."

Pratt Institute
Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has an additional campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The institute was founded in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. Comprising six schools, the institute is primarily known for its programs in architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and fine arts.
Seele GmbH
Seele GmbH (stylized as seele) (German: [ˈzeːlə]) is involved in the design and construction of facades and complex building envelopes made from glass, steel, aluminium, membranes and other materials. It was founded in 1984 by glazier Gerhard Seele and steelwork engineer Siegfried Gossner. About 1,000 employees work at the Seele's 12 locations around the world.

The company produced facade panes for the Apple Park as well as many Apple Stores.

Apple Park
Apple Park, also known as Apple Campus 2, is the corporate headquarters of Apple Inc., located in Cupertino, California, United States. It was opened to employees in April 2017, while construction was still underway. It replaced Apple Campus as the company's corporate headquarters.

The main building's scale and circular groundscraper design, by Norman Foster, has earned the structure the media nickname "the spaceship". Located on a suburban site totaling 1.46 km2 (360 acres), it houses more than 12,000 employees in one central four-story circular building of approximately 0.26 km2 (64 acres). Apple co-founder Steve Jobs wanted the campus to look less like a business park and more like a nature refuge; 80 percent of the site consists of green space planted with drought-resistant trees and plants indigenous to the Cupertino area, and the center courtyard of the main building features an artificial pond.
Liberty Public School District
Liberty Public Schools (Sometimes referred to as Liberty 53 or LPS) is a public school district in Liberty, Missouri, United States. It encompasses almost 85 square miles with more than 12,000 students' grades Preschool through 12th in attendance.

LPS was recognized as a high performing school district for all 12 years the State of Missouri presented the Distinction in Performance Award, making it one of only 6% of Missouri districts to be placed in this category. The district is one of the fastest growing school districts in the state of Missouri, with much of its growth occurring in the last 12 years.

The district includes Liberty, Glenaire, and portions of Mosby and North Kansas City.

Liberty, Missouri
Liberty is a city in and the county seat of Clay County, Missouri, United States and is a suburb of Kansas City, located in the Kansas City Metro Area. As of the 2020 United States census the population was 30,167. Liberty is home to William Jewell College and the historic Liberty Jail.
Allison T38
The Allison T38 (company Model 501) was an early turboprop engine developed by Allison Engine Company during the late 1940s. The T38 became the basis for the very successful family of Allison T56 turboprop engine.

Piasecki H-16 Transporter
The Piasecki H-16 Transporter (company designation PV-15) was a tandem-rotor transport or rescue helicopter designed by Frank Piasecki and built by Piasecki Helicopter. The prototypes were evaluated by the United States Air Force and Army, but the crash of the second test aircraft led to cancelling the project.
Nude in Charcoal
Nude in Charcoal is a 1961 feature film written and co-directed by Joseph W. Sarno.

It was the first feature film written and co-directed by one of America's most prolific sexploitation directors, who was the subject of the internationally distributed documentary The Sarnos: A Life in Dirty Movies.

Joseph W. Sarno
Joseph W. Sarno (March 15, 1921 – April 26, 2010) was an American film director and screenwriter.

Sarno emerged from the semi-pornographic sexploitation film genre of the 1950s & 1960s; he had written and directed approximately 75 theatrically released feature films in the sexploitation, softcore and hardcore genres as well as a number of shot-on-video features for the 1980s hardcore video market.
Zhalay Sarhadi
Zhalay Sarhadi (Urdu pronunciation: [ʒaːˈle ˈsaɾhaˈdi] Urdu: ژالے سرحدی, romanized: Žālê Sarḥadî; Persian: Zhâleh, Persian pronunciation: [ʒɒːˈleh ˈsæɾhæˈdiː]), also spelled Zille Sarhadi (born 11 June 1981), is a Pakistani actress, model, and former VJ. Her notable performances include the series Uraan (2010), Aks (2012), Madiha Maliha (2012), Digest Writer (2014), Rang Laaga (2015), Nazo (2015), and Yaar Na Bichray (2021). In 2018, she received a Lux Style Award nomination for her performance in the film Chalay Thay Sath.

Rang Laaga
Rang Laaga (Urdu: رنگ لاگا) is a 2015 Pakistani drama serial that originally aired on ARY Digital from 11 March 2015 to 4 November 2015, airing a total 34 episodes. It was directed by Anjum Shahzad and written by Sana Fahad. The drama stars Saima Noor, Faisal Qureshi, Neelam Muneer and Saboor Ali in pivot roles. At the annual 15th Lux Style Awards, Rang Laaga received five nominations, including Best TV Play for Fahad Mustafa and Ali Kazmi, Best TV Actor for Qureshi, Best TV Actress for Noor, Best Director for Shehzad, and Best Writer for Fahad.
2019–20 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball team represented Santa Clara University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos were led by fourth-year head coach Herb Sendek and played their home games at the Leavey Center as members of the West Coast Conference. They finished the season 20–13, 6–10 in WCC play to finish in seventh place. They defeated Portland in the first round of the WCC tournament before losing in the second round to Pepperdine.

2019–20 Pepperdine Waves men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Pepperdine Waves men's basketball team represented Pepperdine University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Waves were led by head coach Lorenzo Romar, in the second season of his second stint after coaching the Waves from 1996 to 1999. They played their home games at the Firestone Fieldhouse in Malibu, California as members of the West Coast Conference. They finished the season 16–16, 8–8 in WCC play to finish in sixth place. They defeated Santa Clara in the second round of the WCC tournament before losing in the third round to Saint Mary's.
Rossana, Piedmont
Rossana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 950 and an area of 19.9 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi).

Rossana borders the following municipalities: Busca, Costigliole Saluzzo, Piasco and Venasca.

Province of Cuneo
The province of Cuneo (Italian: provincia di Cuneo; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Coni) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. To the west, it borders the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Hautes-Alpes), to the north the Metropolitan City of Turin, to the east the province of Asti and to the south the Ligurian provinces of Savona and Imperia. It is also known as la Provincia Granda (Piedmontese for 'The Big Province'), because it is the largest province in Piedmont and the fourth-largest in Italy (following Sassari, South Tyrol and Foggia). Briga Marittima and Tenda were part of this province before their cession to France in 1947.
Gegenschein
Gegenschein (/ˈɡeɪɡənˌʃaɪn/; German: [ˈɡeːɡn̩ˌʃaɪn]; lit. 'counter-shine') or counterglow is a faintly bright spot in the night sky centered at the antisolar point. The backscatter of sunlight by interplanetary dust causes this optical phenomenon, being a zodiacal light and part of its zodiacal light band.

Backscatter
In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually a diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with a surface. Backscattering has important applications in astronomy, photography, and medical ultrasonography. The opposite effect is forward scatter, e.g. when a translucent material like a cloud diffuses sunlight, giving soft light.
DVB-T
DVB-T, short for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial, is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in Singapore in February 1998. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM or OFDM) modulation. It is also the format widely used worldwide (including North America) for Electronic News Gathering for transmission of video and audio from a mobile newsgathering vehicle to a central receive point.
It is also used in the US by amateur television operators.

Amateur television
Amateur television (ATV) is the transmission of broadcast quality video and audio over the wide range of frequencies of radio waves allocated for radio amateur (ham) use. ATV is used for non-commercial experimentation, pleasure, and public service events. Ham TV stations were on the air in many cities before commercial television stations came on the air. Various transmission standards are used, these include the broadcast transmission standards of NTSC in North America and Japan, and PAL or SECAM elsewhere, utilizing the full refresh rates of those standards. ATV includes the study of building of such transmitters and receivers, and the study of radio propagation of signals travelling between transmitting and receiving stations.

ATV is an extension of amateur radio. It is also called ham TV or fast-scan TV (FSTV), as opposed to slow-scan television (SSTV).
Morrissey Fox
Morrissey Fox is a range of beers developed by actor Neil Morrissey and chef Richard Fox.  Development of the original 'Blonde' ale began in January 2008 and was documented in the Channel 4 programme Neil Morrissey's Risky Business.

The line was expanded with several new beers in late 2008, with Fox telling The Publican that the brewer intended to establish themselves as a serious brewery with an established range of products.

Neil Morrissey
Neil Anthony Morrissey (born 4 July 1962) is an English actor, businessman, narrator, and television presenter. He is perhaps best known for providing the voice of the titular character, Lofty, Roley, Farmer Pickles, and others in Bob the Builder. Other notable acting roles include Rocky in Boon, Tony in Men Behaving Badly, Deputy Head Eddie Lawson in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road, and Nigel Morton in Line of Duty.
Diocese of Youngstown
The Diocese of Youngstown (Latin: Dioecesis Youngstonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in northeastern Ohio in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Cincinnati.

The Diocese of Youngstown consists of six counties: Mahoning, Trumbull, Columbiana, Stark, Portage, and Ashtabula. The mother church of the diocese is St. Columba Cathedral in Youngstown.

Massillon, Ohio
Massillon is a city in western Stark County, Ohio, United States, along the Tuscarawas River. The population was 32,146 at the 2020 census. Massillon is a principal city of the Canton–Massillon metropolitan area, which includes all of Stark and Carroll counties and had a population of 401,574 in 2020.

Massillon is located approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Canton, 20 miles (32 km) south of Akron, and 50 miles (80 km) south of Cleveland.
Plasmatron
The Plasmatron, or technically plasma addressed liquid crystal (PALC), is a color television display technology developed by Tektronix and Sony in the 1990s. PALC displays combine rows formed from liquid crystals with columns formed from plasma cells, the latter replacing the transistorized switching in a conventional LCD. Although PALC was successfully developed, thin-film transistor based LCD devices were improved which offset PALC's advantages. PALC development has been largely abandoned since the early 2000s.

Plasma display
A plasma display panel is a type of flat-panel display that uses small cells containing plasma: ionized gas that responds to electric fields. Plasma televisions were the first large (over 32 inches/81 cm diagonal) flat-panel displays to be released to the public.

Until about 2007, plasma displays were commonly used in large televisions. By 2013, they had lost nearly all market share due to competition from low-cost liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Manufacturing of plasma displays for the United States retail market ended in 2014, and manufacturing for the Chinese market ended in 2016. Plasma displays are obsolete, having been superseded in most if not all aspects by OLED displays.

Competing display technologies include cathode-ray tube (CRT), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), CRT projectors, AMLCD, digital light processing (DLP), SED-tv, LED display, field emission display (FED), and quantum dot display (QLED).
Kon Vatskalis
Konstantine Vatskalis (born 4 April 1957) is a Greek-Australian politician and the former Lord Mayor of Darwin. Before becoming Lord Mayor in 2017 he was a Labor Party member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from September 2001 to October 2014, representing the Darwin-based electorate of Casuarina. He was Minister for Business and Economic Development, Minister for Regional Development, Minister for Defence Support, Minister for Sport and Recreation, Minister for Essential Services, Minister for Health, Minister for Mines and Energy, Minister for Primary Industries and Fisheries and Minister for Children and Families.

On 30 July 2014, Vatskalis announced that he would be resigning from the Legislative Assembly at the end of the August sittings, which triggered a 2014 Casuarina by-election.

In 2017, Vatskalis was elected Lord Mayor of Darwin, he lost re-election and was succeeded as the Lord Mayor of Darwin by Peter Styles in 2025.

2014 Casuarina by-election
A by-election for the seat of Casuarina in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was held on 18 October 2014. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Labor MP Kon Vatskalis, who retained the seat at the 2012 election with a 59.3 percent primary and two-party vote. It was held on the same day as the 2014 Vasse by-election in Western Australia.
The Mary Whitehouse Experience
The Mary Whitehouse Experience is a British topical sketch comedy show that the BBC produced in association with Spitting Image Productions. It starred two comedy double acts, one being David Baddiel and Rob Newman, the other Steve Punt and Hugh Dennis; all four comedians had graduated from Cambridge University. It was broadcast on both radio and television in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

The show was named after Mary Whitehouse, a campaigner against what she saw as a decline in television standards and public morality. She became the target of mockery in the UK for her attitudes. The BBC feared Whitehouse would initiate litigation for the use of her name in the show's title, and for a period the alternative title The William Rees-Mogg Experience was considered.

Hugh Dennis
Peter Hugh Dennis FRGS (born 13 February 1962) is an English comedian, presenter, actor, impressionist and writer. He was a panellist in every episode of the original run of Mock the Week from 2005 until 2022, and is one half of the double act Punt and Dennis alongside Steve Punt.

Dennis has also played Dr Piers Crispin in the sitcom My Hero (2000–2006), Pete Brockman in the sitcom Outnumbered (2007–2014, 2016, 2024), Toby in the sitcom Not Going Out (2014–2023), and the Bank Manager in the comedy-drama series Fleabag (2016). He presents the community archaeology television show The Great British Dig (since 2020).
Langwies GR railway station
Langwies GR railway station, often just Langweis railway station, is a railway station on the Chur–Arosa railway (the "Arosabahn") of the Rhaetian Railway (RhB). It is situated in Langwies, lower down the hillside from the centre of the village. A minor level crossing straddles the tracks at the station.

Langwies
Langwies is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Langwies, Calfreisen, Castiel, Lüen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.
William FitzAlan, 1st Lord of Oswestry and Clun
William FitzAlan (died 1210) was a Norman nobleman who lived in Oswestry and Clun, near Shrewsbury, along the medieval Welsh Marches. William was the son of William FitzAlan and Christina.

He was the first FitzAlan to hold both the castles of Clun and Oswestry in his own right, and was responsible for the significant expansion of Clun Castle. William was still in his minority in 1160, and Guy Lestrange was appointed as his guardian. William later had two sons, the first also called William FitzAlan and a younger son, John by the daughter of Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath and Rohese of Monmouth, whose name is not mentioned in any documents.

Upon William's death in 1210, the eldest son succeeded his father.

Clun Castle
Clun Castle is a medieval ruined castle in Clun, Shropshire, England. Clun Castle was established by the Norman lord Robert de Say after the Norman invasion of England and went on to become an important Marcher lord castle in the 12th century, with an extensive castle-guard system. Owned for many years by the Fitzalan family, Clun played a key part in protecting the region from Welsh attack until it was gradually abandoned as a property in favour of the more luxurious Arundel Castle. The Fitzalans converted Clun Castle into a hunting lodge in the 14th century, complete with pleasure gardens, but by the 16th century the castle was largely ruined. Slighted in 1646 after the English Civil War, Clun remained in poor condition until renovation work in the 1890s.

Today the castle is classed as a Grade I listed building and as a Scheduled Monument. It is owned by the Duke of Norfolk, who also holds the title of Baron Clun, and is managed by English Heritage.
Marabá Paulista
Marabá Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 5,948 (2020 est.) in an area of 920 km2. The elevation is 401 m.

The municipality contains part of the 246,800 hectares (610,000 acres) Great Pontal Reserve, created in 1942.
It also contains 23% of the 6,677 hectares (16,500 acres) Mico Leão Preto Ecological Station, established in 2002.

Great Pontal Reserve
The Great Pontal Reserve (Portuguese: Grande Reserva do Pontal), formally called the Pontal do Paranapanema State Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Estadual Pontal do Paranapanema), is an ecological reserve is the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
It was created in 1942, but over the years suffered considerable degradation by illegal invasions and squatters.
It was partly flooded after construction of the Eng Sérgio Motta Dam on the Paraná River.
The reserve today is a poor agricultural region mostly used for cattle and sugar cane farming.
35 Canadian Brigade Group
35 Canadian Brigade Group (35CBG; French: 35e Groupe-brigade du Canada) is part of 2nd Canadian Division, under the Canadian Army of the Canadian Forces. It is headquartered in Quebec City, Quebec. It is the successor of the Cold War–era Quebec Militia District.

2nd Canadian Division
The 2nd Canadian Division (2 Cdn Div; French: 2e Division du Canada) is a formation of the Canadian Army in the province of Quebec, Canada. The present command was created 2013 when Land Force Quebec Area was re-designated. The main unit housed in this division is the Royal 22nd Regiment based at CFB Valcartier near Quebec City, which is the largest regiment in the Canadian Army.

The division draws its historical lineage from formations that existed during the First and Second World Wars.
Caledonia Fish Hatchery
Caledonia Fish Hatchery, also known as "Spring Brook" and the Seth Green State Hatchery, is a historic fish hatchery and national historic district located at Caledonia in Livingston County, New York. The district encompasses five contributing buildings, one contributing site, five contributing structures and two contributing buildings associated with the oldest fish hatchery in the Western Hemisphere.  It is still in use by the state of New York and named for Seth Green (1817-1888), an American pioneer in fish farming and who established the hatchery in 1864.  Located on the property are the contributing  main hatchery building (c. 1880), Queen Anne style manager's residence (c. 1889-1890), ice house (c. 1890), "Lake House" (c. 1903), a memorial to Seth Green (1935), and fish ponds originally constructed in the 1930s and 1950s.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

Seth Green (pisciculture)
Seth Green (March 19, 1817 – August 18, 1888) was an American pioneer in fish farming (pisciculture and aquaculture). He established the first fish hatchery in the United States in the Town of Caledonia, New York. He was also a successful commercial fisherman, operating a large and profitable fish and game market in Rochester, New York, and fishing in Lake Ontario.

After many years of operating his commercial hatchery in Caledonia, he entered government service with the New York State Fish Commission and eventually became Superintendent of Fisheries for the state of New York.  Seth Green's pioneering efforts to raise fish stocks and restore fish populations for sporting purposes established a standard of aquaculture recognized internationally. He also planted American Shad in California rivers near Sacramento. He is commonly referred to as the "Father of fish culture in North America."