hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boso, Margrave of Tuscany
Boso (Italian: Bosone; died after 940?) was a Burgundian nobleman who spent much of his career in Italy, where he became Margrave of Tuscany about 932. He ruled semi-autonomously and was a benefactor of the churches of his region. He lost his office in 936 and probably returned to Burgundy.

March of Tuscany
The March of Tuscany was a march of the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages. Located in northwestern central Italy, it bordered the Papal States to the south, the Ligurian Sea to the west and Lombardy to the north. It comprised a collection of counties, largely in the valley of the River Arno, originally centered on Lucca.
East Lancashire Railway
The East Lancashire Railway is a  twelve-and-a-half-mile (20 km) heritage railway line in North West England which runs between Heywood, Greater Manchester, and Rawtenstall, Lancashire. There are intermediate stations at Bury Bolton Street, Burrs Country Park, Summerseat and Ramsbottom, with the line crossing the border into Rossendale serving Irwell Vale and Rawtenstall. Before closure, the line terminated at Bacup.

The heritage line is now just over 12 miles (19 km) long and has a mainline connection with the national railway network at Castleton, just beyond Heywood. The ELR is planning to extend the running line to Castleton in the future.

Summerseat railway station
Summerseat railway station serves the village of Summerseat, in Greater Manchester, England. It is a stop on the heritage East Lancashire Railway, which runs for 12 miles between Heywood and Rawtenstall.
Battle of Wolkowisk
The Battle of Wolkowisk (Volkovysk) took place 14–16 November 1812 in the course of the French invasion of Russia near the village of Wolkowisk, where 35,000–40,500 Austrian, Saxon and French soldiers under Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg defeated 27,000–32,000 Russian soldiers under Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken. Osten-Sacken managed to push back Jean Reynier's corps, but failed to dislodge it from the heights. The decisive offensive was carried out by the Austrians, who arrived later.

Vawkavysk
Vawkavysk or Volkovysk is a town in Grodno Region, in western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vawkavysk District. It is located on the Ros and Vawkawyya rivers, roughly 98 kilometres (61 mi) from the city of Grodno and 271 kilometres (168 mi) from Minsk, the national capital. As of 2025, it has a population of 41,020. It is one of the oldest towns in the region.

Vawkavysk was first unofficially mentioned in the Turov annals in 1005 and this year is widely accepted as the founding year for Vawkavysk. At that time it was a city-fortress on the border of the Baltic and the Slavic ethnic groups. Since the 12th century, Vawkavysk was the center of a small princedom. The Hypatian Chronicle mentions the city in 1252.
1999 Finnish Cup
The 1999 Finnish Cup (Finnish: Suomen Cup) was the 45th season of the main annual association football cup competition in Finland. It was organised as a single-elimination knock–out tournament and participation in the competition was voluntary.  The final was held at the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki on 30 October 1999 with FC Jokerit defeating FF Jaro by 2-1 before an attendance of  3,217 spectators.

FF Jaro
Fotbollsföreningen Jaro (Jakobstads Rostfria), commonly known simply as Jaro, is a Finnish professional football club based in the bilingual town of Jakobstad. The club currently plays in Veikkausliiga, the top tier in Finland.
Kelly VanderBeek
Kelly VanderBeek (born January 21, 1983, in Kapuskasing, Ontario) is a Canadian retired alpine skier originally from Kitchener, Ontario. She currently resides in Canmore, Alberta with husband (five-time Olympic kayaker) David Ford. Although she has trained at countless ski clubs over the years, she lists Chicopee Ski Club, Kitchener, Ontario as her home club.

David Ford (canoeist)
David Watson Ford (born March 23, 1967, in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian slalom canoeist who has competed since the mid-1980s and is still actively competing. He is Canada's most successful slalom paddler.
Bondi Junction railway station
Bondi Junction railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Eastern Suburbs line, serving the Sydney suburb of Bondi Junction. It is served by Sydney Trains T4 Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line services and intercity South Coast Line services.

South Coast Line
The South Coast Line (SCO) is an intercity rail service that services the Illawarra and South Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. The service runs from Central in Sydney, and runs the entire length of the eponymous South Coast railway line to Bomaderry. The service also runs along the Eastern Suburbs railway line at peak hours and weekends only, and the Port Kembla railway line to Port Kembla. It is operated with Oscar H sets, with Endeavour railcar N sets operating the service on the non-electrified section between Kiama and Bomaderry.

Passenger trains first operated on the South Coast railway line in 1887, and is one of five routes on the Sydney Trains Intercity network. The South Coast Line routes span 40 stations, across 159 km (99 mi) of railway. An additional 5 stations and 7 km (4.3 mi) of railway are travelled by South Coast Line trains at peak hour on the Eastern Suburbs railway line.
Tarremah Steiner School
Tarremah Steiner School is an independent, co-educational Steiner school in the Hobart suburb of Huntingfield, Tasmania, Australia. It is administered by Independent Schools Tasmania, with an enrolment of 244 students and a teaching staff of 31 as of 2024. The school serves students from Prep to Year 10 and was established in 1988. It follows the education philosophies of Rudolf Steiner.

The school was originally located in a house in Warneford Street, South Hobart, but moved to its current location in 1992.

Huntingfield, Tasmania
Huntingfield is a residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Kingborough in the Hobart LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south-west of the town of Kingston. The 2021 census recorded a population of 540 for the state suburb of Huntingfield.

It is an outer suburb of the greater Hobart area, bordering Blackmans Bay and Kingston. The area was created in the late 1980s. Located in Huntingfield are Tarremah Steiner School, St Aloysius Catholic College and Kingborough Family Church. In 2017 its houses were the fastest selling in Australia, which was attributed to reasonable prices and a good range of services.
Philippine five-peso note
The Philippine five-peso note (Filipino: Limang Piso) (₱5) was a denomination of Philippine currency. Philippine president Emilio Aguinaldo is featured on the front side of the note, while the Declaration of the Philippine Independence is featured on the reverse side. This banknote was circulated until the demonetization of main banknotes under the  New Design Series on January 3, 2018. Its printing was stopped when it was replaced by the BSP Series five-peso coins, also featuring Aguinaldo, in June 1995.

Philippine peso
The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso (Philippine English: /ˈpɛsɔː/ PEH-saw, /ˈpiː-/ PEE-, plural pesos; Filipino: piso [ˈpisɔː, ˈpɪsɔː]; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 sentimo, also called centavos.

The peso has the symbol "₱", introduced during American rule in place of the original peso sign "$" used throughout Spanish America. Alternative symbols used are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P".

The monetary policy of the Philippines is conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), established on January 3, 1949, as its central bank. It produces the country's banknotes and coins at its Security Plant Complex, which is set to move to New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac.
Elton.tv
elton.tv was a German comedic late-night talk show hosted by Elton. It was originally shown once a week on ProSieben between 6 December 2001 and 27 March 2003.

The show was produced by Stefan Raab's company Raab TV and, in its original run, shown Thursdays after TV total. There were two seasons of the show, with about 50 episodes in total. Each episode of the show was about 30 minutes long and primarily featured Elton in studio talk with various German celebrity guests. Each episode also included Elton's street reports as well as his presentations of some interesting websites and video clips he found on the Internet.

Following the cancellation of the show on ProSieben, all of the episodes were repeated several times on VIVA until 2005.

Elton (television presenter)
Alexander Duszat (born 2 April 1971), known professionally as Elton, is a German television presenter and comedian who gained recognition as Stefan Raab's sidekick in the long-running late-night comedy show TV total.
Sirma Glacier
Sirma Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Сирма, romanized: lednik Sirma, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈsirmɐ]) is the 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) long and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) wide glacier on the west side of Owen Ridge in southern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, situated south of Bolgrad Glacier, and flowing west-southwestwards from Mount Southwick, Mount Milton and Mount Inderbitzen to leave the range and join Nimitz Glacier northwest of Modren Peak.

The glacier is named after the Bulgarian woman rebel leader Sirma Voyvoda (1773-1858).

Mount Milton
Mount Milton (78°48′S 84°48′W﻿ / ﻿78.800°S 84.800°W﻿ / -78.800; -84.800) is a mountain 3,000 metres (10,000 ft) high located 11 nautical miles (20 km) south-southeast of Mount Craddock and 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) southeast of Mount Southwick, in the southern part of the Sentinel Range in the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It overlooks Kornicker Glacier to the northeast and Sirma Glacier to the west. Mount Milton was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Patrick G. Milton, aviation machinist's mate, U.S. Navy, who served as plane captain on a reconnaissance flight to these mountains on January 28, 1958.
Leonid Poretsky
Leonid Poretsky (born August 7, 1954) is a Russian-born American endocrinologist. His research interests include mechanisms of insulin action in the ovary, interactions between energy metabolism and reproduction, endocrinological aspects of AIDS, and clinical outcomes in diabetes. He has authored over 100 publications and has served on the National Institutes of Health's review committees and on the editorial boards of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism and other endocrine journals.

As of 2014 he is a professor of medicine at Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine in Hempstead, New York, and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York.

Zucker School of Medicine
The Zucker School of Medicine is the medical school of Hofstra University in Hempstead on Long Island, in New York. The academic institution was established in 2008 by Hofstra University and the North Shore-LIJ Hospital system which was rebranded as Northwell Health in 2015.
Battle of Malakoff
The Battle of Malakoff (French: Bataille de Malakoff, Russian: Бой на Малаховом кургане) or the Storming of the Malakhov Kurgan (Russian: Штурм Малахова кургана) was a series of French attacks against Russian forces on the Malakoff redoubt. The first attack was unsuccessful, and occurred on 18 June 1855; subsequent capture of the redoubt was on 8 September 1855. The assaults were parts of the Crimean War and the siege of Sevastopol. The French army under General MacMahon successfully stormed the Malakoff redoubt on 8th, while a simultaneous British attack on the Redan to the south of the Malakoff was repulsed. In one of the war's defining moments, the French zouave Eugène Libaut raised the French flag on the top of the Russian redoubt. The battle of Malakoff resulted in the fall of Sevastopol on 9 September, bringing the 11-month siege to an end.

Aimable Pélissier
Aimable-Jean-Jacques Pélissier, 1st Duc de Malakoff (6 November 1794 – 22 May 1864), was a Marshal of France. He served in Algeria where he became widely known for his cruel conduct and extermination of entire tribes. He also served elsewhere, and as a general commanded the French forces in the Crimean War.
Turn It On Again: The Tour
Turn It On Again: The Tour was a 2007 concert tour of Europe and North America by the English rock band Genesis. The tour was notable for the return of drummer and vocalist Phil Collins, who had fronted the band during their most commercially successful period before leaving in 1996, rejoining founder members Tony Banks and Mike Rutherford, with their traditional on-stage musicians, Chester Thompson on drums and  Daryl Stuermer on guitar/bass.

Behind the Lines (Genesis song)
"Behind the Lines" is a song by the English progressive rock band Genesis, from their 1980 album Duke. The group's drummer and vocalist Phil Collins released a re-recorded version on his first solo album Face Value in February 1981.
Dimetra craibiana
Dimetra  is a plant genus in the family Oleaceae. It contains the single species Dimetra craibiana, native to Thailand and Laos. The genus and species were described  in 1938 by the Irish botanist Arthur Francis George Kerr.

Oleaceae
Oleaceae (/ˌoʊliˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), also known as the olive family or sometimes the lilac family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales. It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct. The extant genera include Cartrema, which was resurrected in 2012. The number of species in the Oleaceae is variously estimated in a wide range around 700. The flowers are often numerous and highly odoriferous. The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, ranging from the subarctic to the southernmost parts of Africa, Australia, and South America. Notable members include olive, ash, jasmine, and several popular ornamental plants including privet, forsythia, fringetrees, and lilac.
Deopara Prashasti
The Deopara Prashasti is a stone inscription (prashasti) eulogizing the Sena kings of Bengal. It was composed by Umapati Dhara, a minister in the court of Lakshmana Sena (c. 1178–1206), who was also one of several court poets. The inscription particularly praises Lakshmana Sena's grandfather Vijaya Sena (c. 1095–1158). The alphabet is a precursor of the modern Bengali alphabet, with 22 letters approximating the modern forms. The stone tablet was found in 1865 near the village of Deopara, now in Godagari Upazila of Rajshahi District of modern-day Bangladesh. This inscription described that Sena king Bijay Sen is the real founder of the Sena Empire.

Lakshmana Sena
Lokkhon Sen or Lakshmana Sena (Bengali: লক্ষ্মণ সেন; reign: 1178–1206) was the ruler from the Sena dynasty of the Bengal region on the Indian subcontinent. His rule lasted for 28 years, in which his empire reached at its peak possessing the territories of Gauda, Kamrupa, Kalinga, Magadha and Kashi.
Hiranandani Foundation Schools
Hiranandani Foundation Schools are a group of schools founded by Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani for use by the residents of the housing complexes built by Hiranandani. Both are ICSE schools having classes from nursery to tenth grade. The group was established in 1990.

Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani
Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani (1917–2013) was an Indian otorhinolaryngologist, social activist and philanthropist, known for pioneering several surgical procedures which later came to be known as Dr. Hiranandani's Operations. He was the founder chairman of Hiranandani Foundation Trust which runs two schools in India and was reported to have been active in the social movement against organ trade in India. He was a recipient of the Golden Award of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, the first Indian and the fifth overall to receive the honour. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1972, for his contributions to medicine and society.
Charioteer (tank)
The Charioteer Tank, or FV4101 Tank, Medium Gun, Charioteer was a post–World War II British armoured fighting vehicle. It was produced in the 1950s to up-gun units of the Royal Armoured Corps continuing to use the Cromwell tank during the early phases of the Cold War. The vehicle itself was a modified Cromwell with a more powerful gun installed in a relatively lightly armoured two-man turret.

Charioteer saw limited use with the British Army, but was used more extensively by overseas  nations in Europe and the Middle East.  Charioteers saw action in conflicts in the Middle-East.

Comet (tank)
The Comet tank or Tank, Cruiser, Comet I (A34) was a British cruiser tank that first saw use near the end of the Second World War, during the Western Allied invasion of Germany. The Comet was developed from the earlier Cromwell tank with a lower profile, partly-cast turret which mounted the new 77 mm HV gun.  This was a smaller version of the 17 pdr anti-tank gun firing the same 76.2 mm (3") projectiles, albeit with a lighter charge, and was effective against late-war German tanks, including the Panther and Tiger.

The Comet rendered the Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger obsolete and was an interim solution until the completely new design Centurion tank was available. When firing APDS rounds, the 77 mm HV was superior in armour penetration capability to the 75 mm KwK 42 gun of the equivalent Axis tank, the Panther.

The Comet entered active service in January 1945 and remained in British service until 1958. In some cases, Comets sold to other countries continued to operate into the 1980s.
Kosowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kosowo [kɔˈsɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przodkowo, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania.

Kosowo was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Gdańsk County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Gmina Przodkowo
Gmina Przodkowo (Kashubian: Przedkòwò) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Przodkowo, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Kartuzy and 23 km (14 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 85.39 square kilometres (33.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,950.
Chalmers University of Technology
Chalmers University of Technology (Swedish: Chalmers tekniska högskola, commonly referred to as Chalmers) is a private research university located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Chalmers focuses on engineering and science, but more broadly it also conducts research and offers education in shipping, architecture and management. The university has approximately 3,100 employees and 10,000 students.

Chalmers coordinates the development of a Swedish quantum computer
and
the Graphene Flagship, a European Union research initiative to develop commercial technologies with graphene.

The university is a co-founder of the CDIO Initiative, a member of the UNITECH International program, the IDEA League, the Nordic Five Tech, 
and the ENHANCE alliances as well as the EURECOM consortium and the CESAER network.

CDIO Initiative
CDIO are trademarked initials for Conceive Design Implement Operate. The CDIO Initiative is an educational framework that stresses engineering fundamentals set in the context of conceiving, designing, implementing and operating real-world systems and products. Throughout the world, CDIO Initiative collaborators have adopted CDIO as the framework of their curricular planning and outcome-based assessment. The CDIO approach uses active learning tools, such as group projects and problem-based learning, to better equip engineering students with technical knowledge as well as communication and professional skills. Additionally, the CDIO Initiative provides resources for instructors of member universities to improve their teaching abilities.
Greens from the Garden
Greens from the Garden is an album by the American musician Corey Harris, released in 1999. The album title was inspired by a Buddy Guy comment about Harris's country blues. Harris considered the album to be roots music. "Wild West", about gun violence, was released as a single. Harris supported the album with North American and Australian tours.

Corey Harris
Corey Harris (born February 21, 1969, in Denver, Colorado, U.S.) is an American  blues and reggae musician, currently living in Charlottesville, Virginia. In the 1990s, along with Keb' Mo' and Alvin Youngblood Hart, he was a prominent acoustic guitar blues player.
Mary Ann Doane
Mary Ann Doane (born 1952) is the Class of 1937 Professor of Film and Media at the University of California, Berkeley and was previously the George Hazard Crooker Professor of Modern Culture and Media at Brown University. She is a pioneer in the study of gender in film.

In 1974, Doane received a B.A. in English from Cornell University and in 1979, earned her Ph.D. in Speech and Dramatic Art from the University of Iowa. Doane specializes in film theory, feminist theory and semiotics, and she joined the UC Berkeley Film and Media faculty in the fall of 2011.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
FinSet
In the mathematical field of category theory, FinSet is the category whose objects are all finite sets and whose morphisms are all functions between them. FinOrd is the category whose objects are all finite ordinal numbers and whose morphisms are all functions between 
them.

Finite set
In mathematics, a finite set is a collection of finitely many different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects, such as numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.

Informally, a finite set is a set which one could in principle count and finish counting.  For example,

is a finite set with five elements. The number of elements of a finite set is a natural number (possibly zero) and is called the cardinality (or the cardinal number) of the set. A set that is not a finite set is called an infinite set. For example, the set 

of all positive integers is infinite.

Finite sets are particularly important in combinatorics, the mathematical study of counting. Many arguments involving finite sets rely on the pigeonhole principle, which states that there cannot exist an injective function from a larger finite set to a smaller finite set.
Enkephalinase
Enkephalinases are enzymes that degrade endogenous enkephalin opioid peptides. They include:

Aminopeptidase N (APN)

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP)

Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3)

Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6)

Leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

Enkephalin
An enkephalin is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception (pain sensation) in the body.  The enkephalins are termed endogenous ligands, as they are internally derived (and therefore endogenous) and bind as ligands to the body's opioid receptors.  Discovered in 1975, two forms of enkephalin have been found, one containing leucine ("leu"), and the other containing methionine ("met"). Both are products of the proenkephalin gene:

Met-enkephalin is Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met.

Leu-enkephalin is Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu.