hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tax shift
Tax shift or tax swap is a change in taxation that eliminates or reduces one or several taxes and establishes or increases others while keeping the overall revenue the same. Specifically, it is often used to refer to increases in indirect tax and a concomitant cut to direct tax rates, or vice versa. The term can refer to desired shifts, such as towards Pigovian (socially efficient) taxes (typically sin taxes and ecotaxes) as well as (perceived or real) undesired shifts, such as an increase in tax burden on households at the expense of large businesses.

Environmental tax
An environmental tax, ecotax (short for ecological taxation), or green tax is a tax levied on activities which are considered to be harmful to the environment and is intended to promote environmentally friendly alternatives via economic incentives. One notable example is a carbon tax. Such a policy can complement or avert the need for regulatory (command and control) approaches. Often, an ecotax policy proposal may attempt to maintain overall tax revenue by proportionately reducing other taxes (e.g. taxes on wages and income or property taxes); such proposals are known as a green tax shift towards ecological taxation. Ecotaxes address the failure of free markets to consider environmental impacts.

Ecotaxes are examples of Pigouvian taxes, which are taxes on goods whose production or consumption creates external costs or externalities. An example might be philosopher Thomas Pogge's proposed Global Resources Dividend.
Salonta
Salonta (Romanian pronunciation: [saˈlonta]; Hungarian: Nagyszalonta, colloquially Szalonta, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈnɒɟsɒlontɒ]; German: Großsalontha) is a city in Bihor County, in the geographical region of Crișana, north-western Romania, near the Hungarian border.

János Arany
János Arany (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈjaːnoʃ ˈɒrɒɲ]; archaic English: John Arany; 2 March 1817 – 22 October 1882) was a Hungarian  poet, writer, translator and journalist. He is often said to be the "Shakespeare of ballads" – he wrote more than 102 ballads that have been translated into over 50 languages, as well as the Toldi trilogy.
Catherine Bonney
Catherine Bonney (née Van 
Rensselaer; December 23, 1817 – June 29, 1891) was a pioneering American missionary who established a boarding school in Macao that supported young, impoverished girls, despite the opposition she faced from her larger missionary organization. Following her husband's death, she traveled to Peking under the Woman's Union Missionary Society and founded a second school; this trip marked the first time that women were sent to the mission field alone. She went on to create the Eurasian school at Shanghai, which was the first secondary school aimed to provide education for mixed-race orphans at Shanghai.

Woman's Union Missionary Society of America for Heathen Lands
Woman's Union Missionary Society of America for Heathen Lands (also known as, Woman's Union Missionary Society of New York) was an American Christian mission organization. Established in 1861, its headquarters were at 41 Bible House, Astor Place, New York City. The first meeting called to consider organizing a society was gathered in a private parlor in New York City on January 9, 1861, and addressed by a returned missionary from Burma. At a subsequent meeting on January 10, the organization was effected, with Sarah Platt Doremus as president. The society's object was to "send out and maintain single women as Bible-readers and teachers, and to raise up native female laborers in heathen lands".

The society's papers are held at the Billy Graham Center at Wheaton College.
Rivercrest Independent School District
Rivercrest Independent School District is a public school district based in Bogata, Texas (USA). Created in 1965, it was the Talco-Bogata Consolidated Independent School District until July 1999.

The district covers southwestern Red River County, northwestern Titus County (including the city of Talco), and a portion of northeastern Franklin County.

In 2009, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

Titus County, Texas
Titus County is a county located in the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 31,247. Its county seat is Mount Pleasant. The county is named for Andrew Jackson Titus, an early settler. Titus County comprises the Mount Pleasant micropolitan statistical area.
Ignatius Klotz
Ignatius Klotz, Sr. (November 25, 1843 – February 20, 1911) was an American farmer and politician

Born in Innsbruck, Austrian Empire, Klotz received a common school education. In 1848, he emigrated to the United States and settled in the town of Eden in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. In 1889, Klotz moved to Campbellsport, Wisconsin. Klotz was a farmer.

Eden (town), Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
Eden is a town in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 979 at the 2000 census. The Village of Eden is located within the town. The unincorporated community of Marblehead is located also in the town.
KZNN
KZNN 105.3 FM is a radio station licensed to Rolla, Missouri.  The station broadcasts a country music format and is owned by KTTR-KZNN, Inc.

KZNN is the local affiliate for The Big Time with Whitney Allen show. They also feature local radio personalities & feature local traffic/news/weather in partnership with Results Radio.

Rolla, Missouri
Rolla (/ˈrɒlə/) is a city in and the county seat of Phelps County, Missouri, United States.  Its population in the 2020 United States Census was 19,943.  It is approximately midway between St. Louis and Springfield along I-44. Its micropolitan statistical area consists of Phelps County, Missouri. Nearby is an inactive township (Rolla Township).

It is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology, well known for its many engineering departments and computer science department.

The headquarters of the Mark Twain National Forest is in Rolla. The city is also within the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area, with vineyards first established by Italian immigrants to the area.
Murder at the Vanities
Murder at the Vanities  is a 1934 American pre-Code musical film with music by Victor Young. It was released by Paramount Pictures and directed by Mitchell Leisen. The film stars Victor McLaglen, Carl Brisson, Jack Oakie, Kitty Carlisle, Gertrude Michael, Toby Wing and Jessie Ralph. Future stars Lucille Ball and Ann Sheridan have small roles as chorines.

The film is primarily a musical, based on Earl Carroll's long-running Broadway revue Earl Carroll's Vanities, combined with a murder mystery. Songs featured in the film by Arthur Johnston and Sam Coslow include "Cocktails for Two" sung by Brisson, "Sweet Marijuana" sung by Michael, "Where Do They Come From (And Where Do They Go)" sung by Carlisle and "Ebony Rhapsody" performed by Duke Ellington and his orchestra and sung by Michael It was released on DVD (as part of a six-disc set entitled "Pre-Code Hollywood Collection") on April 7, 2009.

Ann Sheridan
Clara Lou "Ann" Sheridan (February 21, 1915 – January 21, 1967) was an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles in the films San Quentin (1937), Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), They Drive by Night (1940), City for Conquest (1940), The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942), Kings Row (1942), Nora Prentiss (1947), and I Was a Male War Bride (1949).
Lawrence Blum
Lawrence Alan Blum (born April 16, 1943) is an American philosopher who is Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Education and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. He is known for his work in the philosophy of education, moral philosophy, and race.

University of Massachusetts Boston
The University of Massachusetts Boston (UMass Boston) is a public university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

The university is a member of the Coalition of Urban Serving Universities and the Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". It is the only public research university in Boston and the third-largest campus in the five-campus University of Massachusetts system.
Adelante (Sash! song)
"Adelante" (English: "Forward") is a song by German electronic production duo Sash!. Taken from Trilenium (2000), the duo's third studio album, "Adelante" became a chart hit, reaching number one in Romania and Scotland, number two on the UK Singles Chart, and the top 10 in Australia, Flanders, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. In Australia, the song was certified gold for shipments of over 35,000 copies, and in Sweden, it went platinum for shipments exceeding 30,000 units.

Trilenium
Trilenium is the third studio album released by the German DJ Sash!. The record was released in April 2000 via X-IT. The album did not match the success of Sash!'s first two records, peaking at number 13 on the UK Albums Chart.
Land Raiders (film)
Land Raiders is a 1969  American Western film directed by Nathan Juran and starring Telly Savalas, George Maharis, Arlene Dahl, and Janet Landgard. It was produced by Charles H. Schneer, who was best known for producing most of Ray Harryhausen's features, three of which were also directed by Juran.

Charles H. Schneer
Charles Hirsch Schneer (May 5, 1920 – January 21, 2009) was an American film producer and writer, best known for the 12 films he produced with stop motion animator and special effects creator Ray Harryhausen from 1955-1981. He is credited with coining the term "Dynamation" to describe the advanced form of stop motion model animation Harryhausen developed, which resulted in superior compositing of animated and live action elements than had previously been possible.
Oddleif Fagerheim
Oddleif Fagerheim (20 September 1911, in Ytre Holmedal Municipality – 11 December 1999) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Sogn og Fjordane in 1969, and was re-elected on two occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the terms 1950–1953 and 1958–1961.

On the local level he was a member of the municipal council for Fjaler Municipality from 1937 to 1975, serving as deputy mayor in 1966–1967. He chaired the municipal party chapter for some time and later the county party chapter from 1948 to 1950.

Outside politics he worked in education.

Sogn og Fjordane (Storting constituency)
Sogn og Fjordane (lit. transl. Sogn and Fjordane) is one of the 19 multi-member constituencies of the Storting, the national legislature of Norway. The constituency was established in 1921 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Storting. It consists of the municipalities of Årdal, Askvoll, Aurland, Bremanger, Fjaler, Gloppen, Gulen, Høyanger, Hyllestad, Kinn, Lærdal, Luster, Sogndal, Solund, Stad, Stryn, Sunnfjord and Vik in the county of Vestland. The constituency currently elects three of the 169 members of the Storting using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2025 parliamentary election it had 79,086 registered electors.
The Goose Girl (1957 film)
The Goose Girl (German: Die Gänsemagd) is a 1957 West German family film directed by Fritz Genschow and starring Rita-Maria Nowotny, Renée Stobrawa and Renate Fischer. It is based on the fairy tale The Goose Girl by the Brothers Grimm.

The Goose Girl
"The Goose Girl" (German: Die Gänsemagd) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm and first published in Grimm's Fairy Tales in 1815 (KHM 89). It is of Aarne-Thompson type 533.

The story was first translated into English by Edgar Taylor in 1826, then by many others, e.g. by an anonymous community of translators in 1865, by Lucy Crane in 1881, by LucMargaret Hunt in 1884, etc. Andrew Lang included it in The Blue Fairy Book in 1889.
Do Re Mi Sol La Si Do
"Do Re Mi Sol La Si Do" (Japanese: ドレミソラシド, Hepburn: Doremisorashido, Do Re Mi Sol La Ti Do) is the second single from Japanese idol group Hinatazaka46. It was released on July 17, 2019, through Sony Music Entertainment Japan. The title track features Nao Kosaka as center. The title track was nominated for 61st Japan Record Awards in the Grand Prix category.

Shiho Katō
Shiho Katō (Japanese: 加藤 史帆, Hepburn: Katō Shiho) is a Japanese actress, model, and singer. She is an exclusive model for the fashion magazine CanCam and starred as Ayaka Usagida in Ayaka Is in Love with Hiroko! (2024−2025).

Katō began her career as a member of girl group Hinatazaka46 (formerly Hiragana Keyakizaka46) from 2016 to 2024 and made her acting debut in the group's drama Re:Mind (2017). She served as lead performer for the group's single "Kimi Shika Katan" (2021) and was known as one of the group's strongest vocalists.
Under Wraps (Jethro Tull album)
Under Wraps is the fifteenth studio album by the band Jethro Tull, released in 1984.  The songs' subject matter is heavily influenced by bandleader Ian Anderson's love of espionage fiction. It was controversial among fans of the band due to its electronic/synthesizer-based sound, particularly the use of electronic drums. Dave Pegg has been quoted as saying that the tracks cut from the sessions for Broadsword and the Beast would have made a better album, while Martin Barre has referred to it as one of his personal favourite Tull albums. The album reached No. 76 on the Billboard 200 and No. 18 on the UK Albums Chart. The single "Lap of Luxury" reached No. 30.

Peter-John Vettese
Peter-John Vettese (born 15 August 1956), also known as Peter Vettese, is a Scottish keyboardist, songwriter, arranger and record producer. Vettese was the keyboardist for progressive rock band Jethro Tull for most of the 1980s.
Augusta Mountains
The Augusta Mountains are a small mountain range in Pershing, Churchill and Lander counties of Nevada.

To the northeast the range merges with the Fish Creek Range. To the north across Jersey Valley lies the Tobin Range and to the west across the Dixie Valley is the Stillwater Range. The Clan Alpine Mountains and the New Pass Range lie to the south and to the east across Antelope Valley are Ravenswood Mountain and the Shoshone Range.

The Range is included within the 89,372 acres (361.68 km2) Augusta Mountains Wilderness Study Area. The 14,050-acre Cain Mountain Wilderness is also located within the range.

The fossil aquatic reptile Augustasaurus was discovered in the Triassic Favret Formation in the Augusta Mountains and named after the range.

Augustasaurus
Augustasaurus is an extinct genus of sauropterygians that lived during the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic in what is now North America. Only one species is known, A. hagdorni, described in 1997 from fossils discovered in the Favret Formation, Nevada, USA.

Augustasaurus is a pistosauroid estimated to be 2.5–3 m (8.2–9.8 ft) long. The skull has fang-like teeth, indicating a diet of fish and squid. Its postcranial anatomy is similar to that of future plesiosaurs, with which it visibly shares a common ancestor according to the most recent phylogenetic analyses.

The Favret Formation, from which Augustasaurus is known, contains numerous fossils of marine reptiles dating from the Middle Triassic. The fossils mainly include ichthyosaurs, Augustasaurus being the only sauropterygian to have been identified in the area.
Hamburger
A hamburger, often known as a burger, consists of fillings—usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef—placed inside a sliced bun, sesame seed bun, or bread roll. These patties are often served with lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis. The filling of the burger can be topped with condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish or a "special sauce", often a variation of Thousand Island dressing. A burger with the patty topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger. Under some definitions, a hamburger is considered a sandwich.

Hamburgers are typically associated with fast-food restaurants and diners but are also sold at other restaurants, including high-end establishments. There are many international and regional variations of hamburgers. Some of the largest multinational fast-food chains feature burgers as one of their core products: McDonald's Big Mac and Burger King's Whopper have become global icons of American culture.

Patty
A patty is a flattened, usually round, serving of ground meat or legumes, grains, vegetables, or meat alternatives. Common ground meat used include beef, chicken, and salmon. Patties are found in multiple cuisines throughout the world.

The ingredients are compacted and shaped, usually cooked, and served in various ways.
Daniele da Volterra
Daniele Ricciarelli (Italian: [daˈnjɛːle rittʃaˈrɛlli]; c. 1509 – 4 April 1566), better known as Daniele da Volterra (/voʊlˈtɛrə/, Italian: [daˈnjɛːle da (v)volˈtɛrra]), was a Mannerist Italian painter and sculptor.

He is best remembered for his association with Michelangelo. Several of Daniele's most important works were based on designs made for that purpose by Michelangelo. After Michelangelo's death, Daniele was hired to cover the genitals in his Last Judgment with vestments and loincloths. This earned him the nickname Il Braghettone ("the breeches maker").

Breeches
Breeches (/ˈbrɪtʃɪz, ˈbriː-/ BRITCH-iz, BREE-chiz) are an article of  clothing covering the body from the waist down, with separate coverings for each leg, usually stopping just below the knee, though in some cases reaching to the ankles. Formerly a standard item of Western men's clothing, they had fallen out of use by the mid-19th century in favour of trousers.

Breeches became popular in the 16th century and continued to evolve in style and construction over the following centuries. By the early 19th century, however, they  had largely disappeared from everyday men's fashion, giving way to longer trousers. Although breeches went out of general use, they continued to be worn for specialized purposes such as horseback riding, ceremonial uniforms and within historical and fashion communities.

Modern athletic garments used for English riding and fencing, although called breeches or britches, differ from breeches.
Air Parachute Commando No. 10
The Air Parachute Commando No. 10 (CPA 10), is a French special forces unit of the French Air and Space Force and is attached to the Special Operations Command. It is currently headquartered in Air Base 123. The unit specialises in Counterterrorism, Unorthodox warfare, Special Reconnaissance, Combat Search and Rescue and Aerial guidance (JTACs).

Combat search and rescue
Combat search and rescue (CSAR) are search and rescue operations that are carried out during war, within or near combat zones.

A CSAR mission may be carried out by a task force of helicopters, ground-attack aircraft, aerial refueling tankers and an airborne command post.  The USAF HC-130, introduced in 1965, has served in the latter two roles.
Hays, Montana
Hays is a census-designated place (CDP) in Blaine County, Montana, United States. The population was 843 at the 2010 census. The community lies within the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation, near the reservation's southern end. The nearby community of Lodge Pole lies to the east.

The town was named for Major Hays. The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions built St. Paul's Mission Church at Hays in 1887.

Blaine County, Montana
Blaine County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,044. Its county seat is Chinook. The county was named for James G. Blaine, former United States Secretary of State. It is on the north line of the state, and thus shares the southern border of Canada opposite Saskatchewan.
Vuolijoki
Vuolijoki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋuo̯liˌjoki]) is a former municipality in Finland. The municipality was consolidated with the city of Kajaani in the beginning of year 2007.

Vuolijoki was located in the province of Oulu on the shores of Lake Oulujärvi, and was part of the Kainuu region. In 2004 the municipality had a population of 2,643 and covered an area of 895.20 km2 of which 203.05 km2 was water. The population density was 3.8 inhabitants per km2. The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

The 1906 greystone church, the Vuolijoki Church, designed by Josef Stenbäck, is located in the church village of Vuolijoki. The Vuolijoki was also known for its two iron mines: the Otanmäki mine and the Vuorokas mine.

Vuorokas mine
64°6′37.8″N 27°10′8.1″E﻿ / ﻿64.110500°N 27.168917°E﻿ / 64.110500; 27.168917

Vuorokas iron mine was active in Vuolijoki during the years 1965-1985. During this time there were mined 1.348 million tons of ore. The ore contained on average 34% iron, 7.5% titanium and 0.2% vanadium. Together with Otanmäki mine Vuorokas mine was a major vanadium producer in the world.
Eggesin
Eggesin (German pronunciation: [ˈɛɡəziːn] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated on the river Uecker, 7 km southeast of Ueckermünde, and 42 km northwest of Szczecin.

Uecker (river)
The Uecker (German pronunciation: [ˈʏkɐ] ⓘ) or Ucker ([ˈʊkɐ]) is a river in the northeastern German states of Brandenburg, where it is known as the Ucker, and of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It flows northward from Uckermark to the Oder Lagoon.
Kautenbach railway station
Kautenbach railway station (Luxembourgish: Gare Kautebaach, French: Gare de Kautenbach, German: Bahnhof Kautenbach) is a railway station serving Kautenbach, in the commune of Kiischpelt, in northern Luxembourg.  It is operated by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, the state-owned railway company.

The station is situated on Line 10, which connects Luxembourg City to the centre and north of the country.  Kautenbach is a junction, with the main line heading further northwards, towards Gouvy, and a branch line connecting to Wiltz.

CFL Line 10
Line 10 is a Luxembourgish railway line connecting Luxembourg City to the centre and north of the country, as well as on to Liège, in Belgium. The terminus at the southern end is Luxembourg railway station, whilst the terminals at the northern end are Diekirch, Wiltz, Troisvierges and Liège. It is designated and predominantly operated by the Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois (CFL).
South Edmonton Common
South Edmonton Common is Canada's largest retail power centres, and when it will be completely developed, it will spread over 320 acres (130 ha) and contain some 2,300,000 square feet (210,000 m2) of retail space, making it one of the largest open-air retail developments in North America. The Common is located in south Edmonton, Alberta, extending from 23rd Avenue south to Anthony Henday Drive, and east from Gateway Boulevard to Parsons Road.

The Common has a large base of retail tenants that provide various goods and services. The first tenant in the Commons was The Home Depot, which opened in April 1998. Anchor tenants at South Edmonton Common include Canadian Tire (the chain's largest location), IKEA, Cineplex Cinemas, Sport Chek, Rona+, Real Canadian Superstore, and Walmart. Other stores include Staples, Best Buy, Marshalls, Lindt, and Mountain Equipment Company.

Future Shop
Future Shop was a Canadian electronics store chain. It was established in 1982 by Hassan Khosrowshahi. By 1990, the chain had become the country's largest retailer of computer and consumer electronics. In October 2012, the company operated 149 locations across Canada.

In November 2001, Future Shop was acquired by the similar American chain Best Buy for C$580 million. Although Best Buy began to establish Canadian locations under its own name following the purchase, it continued to operate the Future Shop stores as a separate chain. Even though many of the new Best Buy locations were in close proximity to existing Future Shop stores, the two chains were differentiated primarily by their in-store experiences.

On March 28, 2015, Best Buy announced the dissolution of the Future Shop brand and the closure of 66 of its locations. All remaining locations were converted to Best Buy stores.