hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stratum lucidum
The stratum lucidum (Latin, 'clear layer') is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope. It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick skin, which are found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

Located between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers, it is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes. The keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum do not feature distinct boundaries and are filled with eleidin, an intermediate form of keratin. They are surrounded by an oily substance that is the result of the exocytosis of lamellar bodies accumulated while the keratinocytes are moving through the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

The thickness of the stratum lucidum is controlled by the rate of mitosis (division) of the epidermal cells. Melanosomes in the stratum basale determine the darkness of the stratum lucidum.

Eleidin
Eleidin is clear intracellular protein which is present in the stratum lucidum of the skin.

Eleidin is a transformation product of the amino acid complex keratohyalin, the lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells. Eleidin is then converted to keratin in the stratum corneum.

Eleidin can be found in the vermilion border of the lip. The lip is thinly keratinized and has a high concentration of eleidin. The red appearance of the vermillion border is due to several factors, one of which is the transparent nature of eleidin showing the color of the red blood cells beneath.
Venturia (fungus)
Venturia is a genus of fungi in the family Venturiaceae. First identified in 1882, species in the genus are plant pathogens. Venturia is widespread and the genus contains an estimated 58 species, or 130 species. Anamorphs were historically represented in the genus Fusicladium.

The genus was circumscribed by Pier Andrea Saccardo in Syll. Fung. vol.1 on page 586 in 1882.

The genus name of Venturia is in honour of Carlo Antonio Maria Venturi (1805–1864), who was an Italian mycologist.

Carlo Antonio Venturi
Carlo Antonio Maria Venturi (Brescia, 11 October 1805 – 1864) was an Italian mycologist. In 1842 he published Mycological Studies, in which he described sixty-two species of fungi. In 1845 he published miceti dell'agro bresciano descritti ed illustrati con figure tratte dal vero.

In 1882, Pier Andrea Saccardo published Venturia, which is a genus of fungi in the family Venturiaceae and it was named in Venturi's honour.
Then in 1919, Hans Sydow and Paul Sydow circumscribed Neoventuria, which is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. Lastly, in 1978, Venturiocistella (Sacc. & Romell) Raitv. 1978 another genus of fungi (in Hyphodiscaceae family).
Chief Justice of the Gambia
The chief justice of the Gambia is the head of the Gambian judiciary and is responsible for the administration and supervision of the courts. The chief justice is also the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the Gambia.

Judges from other Commonwealth countries have served as chief justices of The Gambia, but the current chief justice is a native Gambian citizen.

Supreme Court of the Gambia
The Supreme Court of the Gambia is a superior court of record and the highest court in The Gambia. Established in 1851, it has appellate and original jurisdiction over any law exceeding the powers conferred by the Constitution or any law upon the National Assembly or any other person or authority.
New Houlka, Mississippi
New Houlka (/ˈhʌlkə/), also referred to simply as Houlka, is a town in Chickasaw County, Mississippi, United States. It was founded in 1904 to take advantage of a railway line of the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad. Residents moved their buildings over from the original settlement, now referred to as "Old Houlka", located to the west. As of the 2020 census, New Houlka had a population of 698.

Started around a fur trading post prior to 1794, Old Houlka is the oldest surviving settlement in north Mississippi. In the 19th century, much of the land was developed for cotton plantations and the market town did good business.

Chickasaw County, Mississippi
Chickasaw County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,106. Its county seats are Houston and Okolona. The county is named for the Chickasaw people, who lived in this area for hundreds of years. Most were forcibly removed to Indian Territory in the 1830s, but some remained and became citizens of the state and the United States.
Jeff Irwin (politician)
Jeff Irwin (born June 19, 1977) is an American activist, progressive and politician serving as a member of the Michigan Senate. A member of the Democratic Party, he served on the Washtenaw County Board of Commissioners from 1999 to 2010, and in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017.

From 2019 to 2022, in the Michigan Senate, he represented the 18th Senate district, which encompassed the cities of Ann Arbor, Saline, Ypsilanti, and Milan (portion) and the townships of Ann Arbor, Pittsfield, York, Augusta, Salem, Superior, and Ypsilanti. He replaced Rebekah Warren, who was term limited.

Irwin now represents the state senate's 15th district since the redistricting implemented in 2022. The 15th Senate district since 2022 encompasses the southern part of Washtenaw County, including part of Ann Arbor and all of Saline and Ypsilanti, as well as small parts of Lenawee County, and Monroe county.

Lenawee County, Michigan
Lenawee County (/ˈlɛnəweɪ/ LEN-ə-way) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,423. The county seat is Adrian. The county was created in 1822, from territory partitioned from Monroe County. Its governing structure was organized in 1826.

Lenawee County comprises the Adrian, Michigan, micropolitan statistical area. It is served by the Toledo Media market. Lenawee County is home to the Potawatomi, Ottawa, Chippewa, Iroquois, Miami, Sauk, Fox, Mascoutens, and Huron tribes.
Hu Yixuan (actress)
Hu Yixuan (Chinese: 胡意旋, born January 31, 1995), is a Chinese actress and model. She gained widespread recognition for her leading roles in the dramas Unforgettable Love (2021) and A River Runs Through It (2021). She is known for her roles in the dramas The Blue Whisper (2022), I'm a Pet At Dali Temple (2018) and Love Never Fails (2025).

The Blue Whisper
The Blue Whisper (Chinese: 驭鲛记; pinyin: Yù Jiāo Jì), is a 2022 Chinese television series starring  Dilraba Dilmurat and Ren Jialun. It is based on the xuanhuan romance Web novel The Tale of the Merman by Jiulu Feixiang.
It aired from March 17, 2022, to May 18, 2022. The series was divided into two parts: Part 1 aired from March 17 to April 1, 2022, for 22 episodes, while Part 2 aired from  April 4, 2022, to May 18, 2022, for 20 episodes.
Karma Automotive
Karma Automotive is a privately owned American luxury electric vehicle company founded in 2014. Headquartered in Irvine, California with an assembly plant located in Moreno Valley, Karma sells vehicles via its dealer network of locations in North America, Europe, South America, and the Middle East.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Corner of the Earth
"Corner of the Earth" is the fourth and final single from British funk and acid jazz band Jamiroquai's fifth studio album, A Funk Odyssey (2001). The song was written by Jason Kay and Rob Harris and is a bossa nova–type track, reflecting on the problems that people of the Earth have to suffer. The song peaked at number 31 on the UK Singles Chart and was the last Jamiroquai single to use the DVD format. The video consists of Jay Kay sitting and dancing in a forest, wearing his trademark feather headdress. He does several other things, such as creating balls of light and making the moon come out.

A Funk Odyssey
A Funk Odyssey is the fifth studio album by English funk band Jamiroquai. The album was released on 29 August 2001 in Japan, 3 September 2001 in the United Kingdom by Sony Soho Square and 11 September 2001 by Epic Records in the United States.
Federation of International Touch
The Federation of International Touch (FIT) is the worldwide governing body for Touch football. The Federation of International Touch was formed at a meeting held in conjunction with the Australian National championships, and first ever international representative fixtures between Australia and New Zealand, in Melbourne, 1985.

Touch Football – Australian Nationals
The Australian National Championships was a touch football competition between the Australian states which ran from 1980 to 1995. The finals of this competition were almost always played between Queensland and New South Wales, the two most dominant touch playing states, with the Australian Capital Territory also performing strongly. The 'one sided' nature of the competition was the major reason for its replacement by the National Touch League format from 1997.
Hell's Bells (TV series)
Hell's Bells is a British television comedy series made by BBC Television starring Derek Nimmo as the traditionalist Dean "Selwyn" Makepeace who found himself consistently at loggerheads with his modernising new Bishop Godfrey Hethercote (played by Robert Stephens). It was first broadcast in 1986, and only one series was made.

Derek Nimmo
Derek Robert Nimmo (19 September 1930 – 24 February 1999) was an English character actor, producer and author. He is best remembered for his comedic upper class "silly ass" and clerical roles, including Revd Mervyn Noote in the BBC1 sitcom All Gas and Gaiters (1966–71).
Cape Girardeau Public Schools
Cape Girardeau Public Schools is the school district serving Cape Girardeau, Missouri.

The district includes the vast majority of Cape Girardeau, as well as the majority of Dutchtown and small sections of Jackson and Scott City.

The City of Cape Girardeau annexed over 50% of the Kage School District territory in 1967.

Jackson, Missouri
Jackson is a city in and the county seat of Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States. It is a principal city of the Cape Girardeau-Jackson metropolitan area Area. The population of Jackson was 15,481 at the 2020 census.
Roland (Piccinni)
Roland is a tragédie lyrique in three acts by the composer Niccolò Piccinni. The opera was a new setting of a libretto written by Philippe Quinault for Jean-Baptiste Lully in 1685, specially adapted for Piccinni by Jean-François Marmontel and based on Ludovico Ariosto's epic poem Orlando Furioso (The Frenzy of Orlando). The opera was first performed on 27 January 1778 by the Académie Royale de Musique (Paris Opera) at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal.

Niccolò Piccinni
Niccolò Piccinni (Italian: [nikkoˈlɔ ppitˈtʃinni]; 16 January 1728 – 7 May 1800) was an Italian composer of symphonies, sacred music, chamber music, and opera. Although he is somewhat obscure today, Piccinni was one of the most popular composers of opera—particularly the Neapolitan opera buffa—of the Classical period.
Mary Stott
Mary Stott OBE (born Charlotte Mary Waddington) (18 July 1907 – 16 September 2002) was a British feminist and journalist. She was editor of The Guardian newspaper's women's page between 1957 and 1972.

Charlotte Mary Waddington was born in Leicester, England, the only daughter and third child of Robert Guy Waddington and his wife, born Amalie Bates. Robert and Amalie Waddington were both journalists. In 1937, she married Ken Stott, who was a journalist for the News Chronicle.

In November 2005, she was posthumously included (one of just five women) in the Press Gazette's 40-strong "gallery" of most influential British journalists.

Women's page
The women's page (sometimes called home page or women's section) of a newspaper was a section devoted to covering news assumed to be of interest to women. Women's pages started out in the 19th century as society pages and eventually morphed into features sections in the 1970s. Although denigrated during much of that period, they had a significant impact on journalism and in their communities.
De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art
The De Pont Museum is a contemporary art museum in Tilburg, North Brabant, the Netherlands. It was named after the lawyer and businessman Jan de Pont (1915-1987). After his death his estate provided for the establishment of a foundation (the Janivo Stichting) to stimulate contemporary visual art. With its founding director Hendrik Driessen, the decision was made to transform a Tilburg wool-spinning mill into a museum. Since its opening in 1992, the collection has grown to include more than 800 works by approximately eighty nationally and internationally known artists, among them Marlene Dumas, Bill Viola and Anish Kapoor.

Tilburg
Tilburg (Dutch: [ˈtɪlbʏr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, in the southern province of North Brabant. With a population of 229,833 (January 2, 2024), it is the second-largest city or municipality in North Brabant after Eindhoven and the seventh-largest in the Netherlands.

Tilburg University is located in Tilburg, as are Avans University of Applied Sciences and Fontys University of Applied Sciences.

There are three railway stations within the municipality: Tilburg, Tilburg Universiteit and Tilburg Reeshof. The 75-hectare (185-acre) "Spoorzone" area around Tilburg Central station, once a Dutch Railways train maintenance yard, has been purchased by the city and is being transformed into an urban zone.
Tralake, Mississippi
Tralake is an unincorporated community located in Washington County, Mississippi. Tralake is approximately 5.8 miles (9.3 km) west-southwest of Kinlock, approximately 5.6 miles (9.0 km) west-southwest of Tribbett and approximately 4.9 miles (7.9 km) east of Arcola along Mississippi Highway 438.

Washington County, Mississippi
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,922. Its county seat is Greenville. The county is named in honor of the first president of the United States, George Washington. It is located next to the Arkansas border. The Greenville, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Washington County. It is located in the Mississippi Delta.
Alpha Xi Delta Sorority Chapter House (Champaign, Illinois)
The Alpha Xi Delta Sorority Chapter House is a historic sorority house located at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in Urbana, Illinois. Built in 1915 as a private home, the house was purchased by the Kappa Chapter of the Alpha Xi Delta sorority in 1928. The chapter was formed in 1905 and rented houses until purchasing the house, which was near a developing sorority row east of the university campus. Architect Joseph W. Royer designed the house in the Tudor Revival style. The house's design features vertical half-timbering on the upper stories, decorative brickwork on the first floor, two steep cross gables and multiple dormers projecting from the roof, and multiple brick chimneys.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 1989.

Joseph Royer (architect)
Joseph William Royer (1873–1954) was an American architect based in Urbana, Illinois. He designed numerous civic, educational, commercial, and residential buildings in Urbana, Champaign, and other communities. Several of his works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and reflect a variety of architectural styles.
Aermacchi AM.3
The Aermacchi AM.3 was the result of a joint venture between Aermacchi and Aeritalia (then Aerfer Industrie Aerospaziali Meridionali) in response to an Italian Army requirement for an aircraft to replace the Cessna L-19, and was initially designated the MB-335.

Lycoming O-480
The Lycoming GO-480 is a family of six-cylinder, horizontally opposed fixed-wing aircraft engines of 479.6 cubic inch (7.86 L) displacement, made by Lycoming Engines. The engine is a six-cylinder version of the four-cylinder Lycoming O-320.
Sor (geomorphology)
A sor (Kazakh: сор; Turkmen: шор) is a closed drainless depression characteristic of the  Central Asian deserts, found especially in Kazakhstan. The sor area is seasonally flooded, forming a lake, which becomes an inland salt marsh and then a salt flat as it dries.

The term forms part of some toponyms of Kazakhstan, such as Altybaysor, Aralsor, Atansor, Azhibeksor, Bauzhansor, Karasor, Koksengirsor, Mangisor, Maysor, Meshkeysor, Shandaksor, Sholaksor, Shureksor, Sorasha, Sorkol, Sormoildy, Tuzdysor, Zhaltyrsor, Zhyngyldysor and Sor Tuzbair.

Meshkeysor
Meshkeysor (Kazakh and Russian: Мешкейсор) is a salt lake in Ulytau District, Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan.

Abilzhappas (Kazakh: Әбілжаппас), a wintering settlement (Kystau) of Kazakh herders, is located 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) to the northeast of the northern lakeshore.
Rudniki, Kielce County
Rudniki [rudˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łopuszno, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-west of Łopuszno and 31 km (19 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Łopuszno
Gmina Łopuszno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Łopuszno, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 176.81 square kilometres (68.3 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 8,996.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Przedbórz Landscape Park.
Triangle of Life
The Triangle of Life is an unsubstantiated idea about how to survive a major earthquake, typically promoted via viral emails. The idea advocates methods of protection very different from the mainstream advice of "drop, cover, and hold on" method that is widely supported by reputable agencies.

In particular, the method's developer and key proponent, Doug Copp, recommends that at the onset of a major earthquake, building occupants should seek shelter near solid items that will provide a protective space, a void or space that could prevent injury or permit survival in the event of a major structural failure, a "pancake collapse", and specifically advises against sheltering under tables.

Officials of many agencies, including the American Red Cross and the United States Geological Survey, have criticized the "Triangle of Life" idea, saying that it is a "misguided idea" and inappropriate for countries with modern building construction standards where total building collapse is unlikely.

Viral email
A viral email (also known as a "pass-along email") is an email which rapidly propagates from person to person, generally in a word-of-mouth manner. It is an example of a viral phenomenon, which is used for profit in viral marketing, but can also contribute to the propagation of Internet memes like viral videos.
Collegiate Network
The Collegiate Network (CN) is a program that provides financial and technical assistance to student editors and writers of roughly 100 independent, conservative and libertarian publications at colleges and universities around the United States. Member publications have a combined annual distribution of more than two million.

Since 1995, the CN has been administered by the Intercollegiate Studies Institute (ISI), a nonprofit educational organization that promotes conservative thought on college campuses, headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware.

Villanova University
Villanova University is a private Catholic research university in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by the Order of Saint Augustine in 1842 and named after Saint Thomas of Villanova. The university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and one of two Augustinian institutions of higher learning in the United States (the other being Merrimack College).

The university traces its roots to the old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Eastern Caribbean Davis Cup team
The Eastern Caribbean Davis Cup team represented member nations of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States in Davis Cup tennis competition.

The team represents full members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and associate members whose population does not exceed 200,000.

Eastern Caribbean have not competed since 2004.  They reached the quarterfinals of Group II in 1991.

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
The Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS; French: Organisation des États de la Caraïbe orientale, OECO) is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to economic harmonisation and integration, protection of human and legal rights, and the encouragement of good governance between countries and territories in the Eastern Caribbean. It also performs the role of spreading responsibility and liability in the event of natural disaster.

The administrative body of the OECS is the Commission, which is headquartered in Castries, the capital of Saint Lucia.

OECS operates an economic union within the larger CARICOM economic union. Eight members operate as a currency union - the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, using the Eastern Caribbean dollar.
Chengmen station
Chengmen Station (Chinese: 城门站; pinyin: Chéngmén zhàn; Fuzhounese: [t͡sʰiɑ˥˥ muoŋ˥˧]) is a metro station of Line 1 and Line 4 of the Fuzhou Metro. It is located at the intersection of Fuxia Road and Guihua Road, south of South 3rd-Ring Road in Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. It started operation on May 18, 2016.

Line 1 (Fuzhou Metro)
Line 1 of the Fuzhou Metro (simplified Chinese: 福州地铁1号线; traditional Chinese: 福州地鐵1號線; pinyin: Fúzhōu Dìtiě Yī Hào Xiàn) is a north-south line of the Fuzhou Metro network in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China. This line is the first operating metro line in the Fuzhou Metro system, inaugurated on May 18, 2016. By June 2016, the south section, running from Sanchajie to Fuzhou South, is in operation. The north section opened on 6 January 2017. This line is colored red on system maps.

The construction of Line 1 is divided into two phases. The first phase runs from Xiangfeng to Fuzhou South. This part of Line 1 is 24.89 km in length and has 21 stations. The second phase runs from Fuzhou South to Sanjiangkou with 4 stations. This part is 4.921 km long.