hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Direct product
In mathematics, a direct product of objects already known can often be defined by giving a new one. That induces a structure on the Cartesian product of the underlying sets from that of the contributing objects. The categorical product is an abstraction of these notions in the setting of category theory.

Examples are the product of sets, groups (described below), rings, and other algebraic structures. The product of topological spaces is another instance.

The direct sum is a related operation that agrees with the direct product in some but not all cases.

Product of rings
In mathematics, a product of rings or direct product of rings is a ring that is formed by the Cartesian product of the underlying sets of several rings (possibly an infinity), equipped with componentwise operations. It is a direct product in the category of rings.

Since direct products are defined up to an isomorphism, one says colloquially that a ring is the product of some rings if it is isomorphic to the direct product of these rings. For example, the Chinese remainder theorem may be stated as: if m and n are coprime integers, the quotient ring  is the product of  and
Tatetsuki Site
Tatetsuki Site (楯築遺跡, Tatetsuki Iseki)  is a Yayoi period burial mound, located in the Yabe neighborhood of the city of Kurashiki,  Okayama Prefecture, in the San'yō region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1981. It is one of the largest Yayoi period graves in Japan.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Mesomeric betaine
Mesomeric betaines are dipolar heterocyclic compounds in which both the negative and the positive charges are delocalized.

Examples are mesoionic compounds and heteropentalenes (e.g. diazapentalenes). Heteropentalenes are not mesoionic.

Betaine
A betaine (/ˈbiːtə.iːn, bɪˈteɪ-, -ɪn/) is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group that bears no hydrogen atom, such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions), and with a negatively charged functional group, such as a carboxylate group that may not be adjacent to the cationic site. Historically, the term was reserved for trimethylglycine (TMG), which is involved in methylation reactions and detoxification of homocysteine. This is a modified amino acid consisting of glycine with three methyl groups serving as methyl donor for various metabolic pathways.
Burning Sensations
Burning Sensations was a short-lived Los Angeles area rock band.  The group is best known for its MTV hit "Belly of the Whale", the music for which blends a rather unusual fusion of rock and calypso styles, and for covering the Jonathan Richman song "Pablo Picasso",  which was included in both the 1984 film and soundtrack of director Alex Cox's Repo Man.

Pablo Picasso (song)
"Pablo Picasso" is a song written by Jonathan Richman for the proto-punk group the Modern Lovers. The song was recorded in April 1972 at Whitney Studios in Los Angeles, and produced by Velvet Underground member John Cale, but was not released until August 1976, on the Modern Lovers' self-titled debut album, as the fourth track. The recording featured Richman on lead guitar and vocals, Ernie Brooks on a second guitar, Jerry Harrison on bass and David Robinson on drums, with Cale playing the repetitive hammered piano part.

The central character of the song is the charismatic 20th century artist Pablo Picasso. With dry wit, the lyrics suggest that women never rejected Picasso's romantic advances, despite his short stature. "Well he was only five foot three but girls could not resist his stare / Pablo Picasso was never called an asshole / Not in New York". In a 1980 interview, Richman stated that the song was inspired by his own adolescent "self-consciousness" with women.
John Pitts (composer)
John Pitts (sometimes credited as John Michael Pitts) is a British composer, born in Surrey in 1976.

Pitts studied music at Bristol and Manchester Universities, and specialises in music for piano solo or multiple hands. He was winner of the Philharmonia Orchestra Martin Musical Scholarship Fund Composition Prize 2003, and twice SPNM-shortlisted. Composer of the album of piano music "Intensely Pleasant Music: 7 Airs & Fantasias and other piano music". His setting of O Little Town of Bethlehem features on The Naxos Book of Carols sung by Tonus Peregrinus, and his hymn Thy Way, Not Mine is included in Hymns and Songs of the Church, another Naxos recording of Tonus Peregrinus. Composer of "Are You Going?" for piano six hands, Pitts curated two Severnside Composers Alliance concerts of music for piano triet by living composers. He is the younger brother of the British composer Antony Pitts.

Piano six hands
Music described as piano six hands  is for three pianists at one piano. More rarely the neologism 'Triet' is used, by analogy with the duo/duet distinction sometimes made between two pianos and piano four hands (and also because piano trio is an already established term). 
Because of the limited range available to each player, many of the pieces written for this combination are elementary in nature; many more are arrangements of pieces for other forces. But there are a small number of original works, and a handful of virtuoso three-player groups have emerged in the 21st century.
The Damask Cheek
The Damask Cheek is a 1942 comedy play by the British writer John Van Druten in collaboration with Lloyd Morris.

It was first performed in Plymouth Theatre in Boston before a 93 performance Broadway run at the Playhouse Theatre. The cast featured Flora Robson, Celeste Holm and Zachary Scott with Van Druten himself directing.

In 1949 it began its first London run at the Lyric Theatre in Hammersmith running for 36 performances. The cast included Bill Travers, Jane Baxter, Iris Hoey and Claire Bloom.

Flora Robson
Dame Flora McKenzie Robson (28 March 1902 – 7 July 1984) was an English actress and star of the theatrical stage and cinema, particularly renowned for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity. Her range extended from queens to murderers.
Albert I, Duke of Brunswick
Albert the Tall (Latin: Albertus Longus, German: Albrecht der Große; 1236 – 15 August 1279), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1252 and the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1269 until his death.

Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
The Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel  (German: Fürstentum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel) was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, whose history was characterised by numerous divisions and reunifications. It had an area of 3,828 square kilometres in the mid 17th century. Various dynastic lines of the House of Welf ruled Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. As a result of the Congress of Vienna, its successor state, the Duchy of Brunswick, was created in 1815.
Sir William Chaytor, 1st Baronet
Sir William Chaytor, 1st Baronet (29 April 1771 – 28 January 1847) was a British politician and businessman.

Chaytor was the illegitimate son of William Chaytor, by Jane Lee (they were later married).

He had banking interests and was a major landowner in north east England. He owned Witton Park, the estate of Witton Castle, within which he developed the Witton Park Colliery. He became a board member of the Stockton and Darlington Railway which served the pit. The architect Ignatius Bonomi extended Witton Castle and built the Croft Spa Hotel and the now-demolished Clervaux Castle near Croft for Chaytor.

Chaytor was made a baronet in 1831. He served as a Whig Member of Parliament for Sunderland from 1832 to 35 and was a supporter of Earl Grey and of the Reform Act 1832. He was appointed High Sheriff of Durham in 1839.

Chaytor was married to Isabella (1781–1854). Their eldest son, also William Chaytor, was also a Member of Parliament.

Witton Castle
Witton Castle is a much-altered 15th-century castle, which is the centrepiece of a holiday and caravan country park at Witton le Wear, near Bishop Auckland, County Durham. It is a Grade II* listed building.
Sestamibi parathyroid scan
A sestamibi parathyroid scan is a procedure in nuclear medicine which is performed to localize parathyroid adenoma, which causes Hyperparathyroidism. Adequate localization of parathyroid adenoma allows the surgeon to use a minimally invasive surgical approach.

Parathyroid adenoma
A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland. It generally causes hyperparathyroidism; there are very few reports of parathyroid adenomas that were not associated with hyperparathyroidism.

A human being usually has four parathyroid glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid in the neck. In order to maintain calcium metabolism, the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which stimulates the bones to release calcium and the kidneys to reabsorb it from the urine into the blood, thereby increasing its serum level. The action of calcitonin opposes PTH. When a parathyroid adenoma causes hyperparathyroidism, more parathyroid hormone is secreted, causing the calcium concentration of the blood to rise, resulting in hypercalcemia.
Kristín Eiríksdóttir
Kristín Eiríksdóttir (born 1981) is an Icelandic poet and author.

Eiríksdótter's debut novel, Kjötbærinn (Meat Town) was published in 2004. This was followed by Húðlit auðnin (Skin-coloured Wasteland) in 2006 and Annarskonar sæla (A Different Sort of Bliss) in 2008. Her first two books were a mixture of poetry and prose while her third was entirely poetry.

She was one of the winners of the Bókmenntaverðlaun starfsfólks bókaverslana with her 2014 book Kok (Throat).

Her novel, Elín, ýmislegt (A Fist or a Heart), won the Icelandic Literary Prize and was shortlisted for the 2019 Nordic Council Literature Prize.

Bókmenntaverðlaun starfsfólks bókaverslana
Bókmenntaverðlaun starfsfólks bókaverslana ('literature prize of the staff of bookshops') are a set of Icelandic literary prizes which are awarded by the Icelandic Félag starfsfólks bókaverslana (union of bookshop staff) in December every year. The prizes were first awarded in 2000, the same year as the union was founded. The awards are made in the midst of the annual Christmas rush in the Icelandic book market (known as the jólabókaflóð) and generally attract a lot of interest.

Three books are nominated in each of seven categories and the winner in each category is decorated with a special mark and so easily recognised in bookshops.

The union also awards Lóð á vogarskál íslenskra bókmennta during Iceland's book-week.
Sydney Bush Walkers Club
The Sydney Bush Walkers Club is a bushwalking club in Australia.

Formed in 1927 by Myles Dunphy at the behest of the Mountain Trails Club, the group was originally called the Waratah Walking Club, but was renamed early on. Unlike its predecessor, the club was open to the general public, and this allowed it to increase its membership substantially; a petition presented in the same year (signed by members of both clubs) contained over 5,000 signatures.

The Sydney Bush Walkers Club continued to campaign for environmental causes throughout the 1930s and although membership has fallen to around 800, it still continues to organise events.

Notable members of the club have included Marie Byles, Paddy Pallin, and Dot Butler.

Paddy Pallin
Frank Austin "Paddy" Pallin AM (1900 – 3 January 1991) was an Australian pioneer bushwalking and camping equipment retailer. He is best known for the Paddy Pallin chain of outdoors equipment stores he founded and as a founding member of the Search and Rescue arm of the Confederation of Bushwalking Clubs NSW in 1936. This was a predecessor of the Police Search and Rescue unit and New South Wales State Emergency Service.
Hugo Andresen
Hugo Andresen (4 October 1844, in Altona – 17 August 1918, in Münster) was a German Romance philologist and medievalist. He was the son of Germanist Karl Gustaf Andresen (1813–1891).

He studied languages at the universities of Bonn and Berlin, receiving his doctorate in 1874 at Bonn. Following graduation, he took an extended study trip to Paris and London (1874/75), and in 1880 obtained his habilitation for Romance and English philology at the University of Göttingen. In 1892 he relocated to the Münster Academy, where he succeeded Gustav Körting as professor of Romance philology.

Karl Gustaf Andresen
Karl Gustaf Andresen (1 June 1813, in Uetersen, Duchy of Holstein – 25 May 1891, in Bonn) was a German linguist. He was the father of Romance philologist Hugo Andresen (1844–1918).

He studied philology at the University of Kiel as a pupil of Gregor Wilhelm Nitzsch, receiving his doctorate in 1837. Afterwards, he worked as a schoolteacher in Altona (from 1839) and Mülheim an der Ruhr (from 1858). In 1870 he obtained his habilitation at the University of Bonn, where in 1874 he became an associate professor.
Pancyprian Federation of Labour
PEO, the Pancyprian Federation of Labour (Greek: Παγκύπρια Εργατική Ομοσπονδία, Turkish: Tüm Kıbrıs İşçi Federasyonu), is an umbrella organization for trade unions in Cyprus, which evolved from PSE (Greek: Παγκύπρια Συντεχνιακή Επιτροπή). It was instrumental in the 1948 strikes in the mines of the Cyprus Mines Corporation and has been closely related to AKEL.

Cyprus Mines Corporation
The Cyprus Mines Corporation was an early twentieth century American mining company based in Cyprus. In 1914, Charles G. Gunther began prospecting in the Skouriotissa area after reading in ancient books that the island was rich in copper and noticing promising ancient Roman slag heaps in the area.  The company was established in 1916 by Colonel Seeley W. Mudd, his son, Harvey Seeley Mudd, and mining engineer/business partner, Philip Wiseman, whose family, along with the Mudds, were the primary owners of Cyprus Mines until the early 1970s when it was sold to Amoco.
45th Iowa Infantry Regiment
The 45th Iowa Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was among scores of regiments that were raised in the summer of 1864 as Hundred Days Men, an effort to augment existing manpower for an all-out push to end the war within 100 days.

Hundred Days Men
The Hundred Days Men was the nickname applied to a series of regiments of United States Volunteers raised in 1864 for 100-day service in the Union Army during the height of the American Civil War. These short-term, lightly trained troops freed veteran units from routine duty to allow them to go to the front lines for combat purposes.
Cudniki
Cudniki [t͡sudˈniki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krośniewice, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Krośniewice, 16 km (10 mi) west of Kutno, and 53 km (33 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Krośniewice
Gmina Krośniewice is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Krośniewice, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of Kutno and 56 km (35 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 94.65 square kilometres (36.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population was 9,037 (out of which the population of Krośniewice amounts to 4,647, and the population of the rural part of the gmina was 4,390).
Union of Cities
The All-Russian Union of Cities (Russian: Всероссийский союз городов, romanized: Vserossiysky soyuz gorodov) was a political organisation set up in Imperial Russia in August 1914 to help achieve Russian war aims. It was a liberal organisation which after 1915 operated in conjunction with the All-Russian Zemstvo Union. The Kadet politician, Nikolai Kishkin, was the deputy chief representative.

Zemstvo
A zemstvo (Russian: земство, IPA: [ˈzʲɛmstvə], pl. земства, zemstva) was an institution of local government set up in consequence of the emancipation reform of 1861 of Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Nikolay Milyutin elaborated the idea of the zemstvo, and the first zemstvo laws went into effect in 1864. After the October Revolution of 1917 the zemstvo system was shut down by the Bolsheviks and replaced with a multilevel system of workers' and peasants' councils ("soviets").
Sugarhill Ddot
Darrian Jimenez (born March 8, 2008), known professionally as Sugarhill Ddot, is an American Rapper. Born and raised in Harlem, New York City, he rose to fame with the release of his breakout singles "I Wanna Love You" and "Stop Cappin" in 2022. Following his rise to fame, Ddot signed a recording contract with Priority Records in March 2023. He released his debut mixtape, 1st Side of the Story, in April 2023. He then released his debut album, 2 Sides of the Story, on August 2, 2024.

2 Sides of the Story
2 Sides of the Story is the debut studio album by American rapper Sugarhill Ddot. It was released on August 2, 2024. It followed his extended play PSA. The album features vocals from artists, Star Bandz, Wolfacejoeyy among others.
Pearl Fu
Pearl Fu (born c. 1941) is a Chinese-American community leader. She is known for her leadership of the Local Colors festival in Roanoke, Virginia and for initiating multicultural dialogue in the city.  In 2011, she was named to Virginia Women in History for her work in promoting intercultural dialogue and community action.

Virginia Women in History
Virginia Women in History was an annual program sponsored by the Library of Virginia that honored Virginia women, living and dead, for their contributions to their community, region, state, and nation. The program began in 2000 under the aegis of the Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International; from 2006  to 2020 it was administered by the Library of Virginia. In 2021, it was replaced by the Strong Men and Women in Virginia History program.
2016 World Draughts Championship match
The 2016 World Draughts Championship match in international draughts was held from 3–18 December in the Netherlands under the auspices of the International Draughts Federation (FMJD). Reigning world champion Alexander Georgiev decided not to defend his title, so the match took place between the second and third place finishers of the previous championship, Jan Groenendijk and Roel Boomstra.

Roel Boomstra won the match 16–8 to become World Draughts Champion.

Jan Groenendijk (draughts player)
Jan Groenendijk (born 7 September 1998) is a Dutch draughts grandmaster and the reigning Draughts World Champion. He is a two-time world champion, winning the title in 2024 and 2025. Groenendijk has won the European Draughts Championship twice, (2022, 2024), the Salou Open (2015), and the Dutch championship four times (2020, 2022, 2023, 2024).
Leonardo B. Perez
Leonardo Balagot Perez (November 22, 1925 – June 16, 2007) was a Filipino politician who served as a member of the Philippine House of Representatives on behalf of the province of Nueva Vizcaya. He was a member of the Senate of the Philippines, and served in the cabinet of President Ferdinand Marcos.

Nueva Vizcaya
Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya, is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest town is Bayombong. It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966.
Bud Cramer
Robert Edward "Bud" Cramer Jr. (born  August 22, 1947) is an American politician who was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2009, representing Alabama's 5th congressional district.  On March 13, 2008, Cramer announced he would not seek re-election to a 10th term.

Alabama's 5th congressional district
34°46′39.78″N 86°46′51.62″W﻿ / ﻿34.7777167°N 86.7810056°W﻿ / 34.7777167; -86.7810056

Alabama's 5th congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in Alabama, which elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It encompasses the counties of Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, Morgan, Jackson, and part of Lauderdale. It is currently represented by Republican Dale Strong, a former Madison County Commissioner. Strong was first elected in 2022 following the retirement of Republican incumbent Mo Brooks.
Zach Nunn
Zachary Martin Nunn (born May 4, 1979) is an American politician and United States Air Force officer who has served as the U.S. representative for Iowa's 3rd congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he was a member of the Iowa Senate for the 15th district from 2019 to 2023 and the Iowa House of Representatives for the 30th district from 2015 to 2019.

Nunn ran for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2022 to represent Iowa's 3rd congressional district, successfully defeating incumbent Democrat Cindy Axne. He was re-elected in 2024.

As of May 2, Nunn announced he was not running for governor, following Governor Kim Reynolds' announcement that she was retiring.

2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the State of Iowa, one from all four of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on June 4, 2024.
Citadel Records
Citadel Records is an independent record label from Sydney, Australia. It was established in the early 1980s by John Needham. Bands released through Citadel include Died Pretty, Deniz Tek, Kim Salmon and the Surrealists, The Trilobites, Porcelain Bus, Johnny Thunders & Patti Palladin, Harem Scarem, New Christs, Louis Tillett, The Bamboos, The Moffs, The Screaming Tribesmen, The Stems, The Plunderers, The Bam Balams, Sacred Cowboys, Dubrovniks, Lime Spiders, The Someloves, Lipstick Killers, Hard-Ons, The Barbarellas, Leadfinger and Dom Mariani.

The Moffs (band)
The Moffs were an Australian psychedelic rock band formed in Sydney in 1984. Their 1985 song "Another Day in the Sun" attracted local and international underground attention. Led by Tom Kazas, they incorporated many styles during their five-year career: psychedelic rock, progressive rock, blues rock, early post rock, 1960s and 1980s pop, free improvisation, impressionistic lyrics, Greek folk music styles, experimental composition and repetitive minimalist structures. The band's name was invented by misspelling the word 'moths'.