hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Tsanga
Edward Tsanga (Russian: Цанга, Эдуард Николаевич; Syktyvkar, 20 October 1979 – 14 January 2017, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian operatic bass-baritone at the Mariinsky Opera. His video recordings include roles in two operas under Valery Gergiev: as the tsar in Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan, and Platov in Rodion Shchedrin's The Left-Hander.

The Left-Hander (opera)
The Left-Hander or Levsha (ru:Левша; The Left-Hander) is an opera in 2 acts by Rodion Shchedrin. The work uses a Russian language libretto by the composer after Nikolai Leskov's The Tale of Cross-eyed Lefty from Tula and the Steel Flea (Russian: Сказ о тульском косом Левше).  The work had its world premiere in a concert performance on 26 June 2013, followed by the world stage premiere on 27 July 2013 at the Mariinsky II in St Petersburg. Conductor Valery Gergiev led both performances.
Nova Basan rural hromada
Nova Basan rural hromada (Ukrainian: Новобасанська сільська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Nizhyn Raion, Chernihiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the village of Nova Basan.

It has an area of 362.2 square kilometres (139.8 mi2) and a population of 6,132, as of 2020.

Nizhyn Raion
Nizhyn Raion  (Ukrainian: Ніжинський район) is a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Nizhyn. The area of Nizhyn Raion is located within the Dnieper Lowland, in Polissya. The leading sectors of the Nizhyn Raion economy are agriculture, food industry, and forestry. Population: 215,908 (2022 estimate).
The Lawless State
The Lawless State: The Crimes of the U.S. Intelligence Agencies was written in 1976 jointly by Morton H. Halperin, Jerry J. Berman, Robert L. Borosage, and Christine M. Marwick.  It recounts abuses of power by the U.S. Government throughout the Cold War, and is concerned mostly with surveillance methods and overstepped boundaries.

Topics mentioned include:

The CIA and FBI using illegal intelligence and intimidation methods through wiretaps and COINTELPRO.

The use of dissent-limiting programs such as Operation Chaos to link dissenting anti-war organizations to the USSR, and extensive FBI investigation and sabotage of Martin Luther King Jr.

U.S. Government activity in South America, and its part in the Chilean coup that put dictator Augusto Pinochet in power.

Morton Halperin
Morton H. Halperin (born June 13, 1938) is an American analyst who deals with U.S. foreign policy, arms control, civil liberties, and the workings of bureaucracies.

Halperin served in the Johnson, Nixon, Clinton, and Obama administrations. He has taught at Harvard University and as a visitor at other universities including Columbia, George Washington University, and Yale.

Halperin has served in a number of roles with think tanks, including the Center for American Progress, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Twentieth Century Fund. He was also a senior advisor to the Open Society Foundations.
Bignonia
Bignonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae. Its genus and family were named after Jean-Paul Bignon by his protégé Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1694, and the genus was established as part of modern botanical nomenclature in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus. Species have been recorded in a range extending from southern USA and Mexico to most of South America.

Jean-Paul Bignon
The Abbé Jean-Paul Bignon, Cong.Orat. (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pɔl biɲɔ̃]; 19 September 1662, Paris – 14 March 1743, Île Belle) was a French ecclesiastic, statesman, writer and preacher and librarian to Louis XIV of France. His protégé, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, named the genus Bignonia (Virginia jasmine) after him in 1694.
Aliaksei Katkavets
Aliaksei Vasilevich Katkavets (Belarusian: Аляксей Васільевіч Каткавец; born 7 June 1998) is a Belarusian track and field athlete competing in the javelin throw. He competed in the men's javelin throw event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. In 2019, he competed in the men's javelin throw at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar. He did not qualify to compete in the final.

In 2019, he won the bronze medal in the men's javelin throw at the 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships held in Gävle, Sweden.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw
The men's javelin throw event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place on 4 and 7 August 2021 at the Japan National Stadium. Approximately 35 athletes competed; the exact number depended on how many nations use universality places to enter athletes in addition to the 32 qualifying through distance or ranking (one universality place was used in 2016).
Kinsmen Ski and Snowboard Centre
Kinsmen Ski and Snowboard Centre is a ski area in Little Red River Park at the western end of Prince Albert where the Spruce River meets the North Saskatchewan River. Little Red River Park is a 500-hectare (1,200-acre), year-round forested park that has downhill skiing and 30 kilometres (19 mi) of trails that are used for hiking and cycling during the summer and cross-country skiing and snowshoeing in the winter. Prince Albert city centre is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away.

Kinsmen Ski and Snowboard Centre has two ski lifts and three illuminated and groomed ski hills. Two are rated "beginner" while the third is "intermediate". Winter activities include snowboarding, snowshoeing, downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, and tobogganing. Cosmo Lodge in Little Red River Park has a restaurant, concessions, and washrooms. Rentals are available.

Spruce River (Saskatchewan)
Spruce River, also called Little Red River, is a river in the north-central region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It begins in the Waskesiu Hills in Prince Albert National Park and flows generally in a southward direction through boreal forests, glacier-carved hills and valleys, muskeg, and prairie en route to the North Saskatchewan River at the east end of the city of Prince Albert.

Several lakes with recreational amenities such as Namekus, McPhee, Anglin, Emma, Christopher, and Halkett are within its watershed. Anglin Lake was created by the building of Spruce River Dam along the river's course.
Aston Manor Academy
Aston Manor Academy (formerly Aston Manor School) is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in the Aston area of Birmingham, England.

Due in part to the fact that it is situated in Aston, it has children from a wide variety of ethnic groups. As of February 2013 the highest proportion of children at the school are of Bangladeshi origin at 33%, with Pakistani at 18%, Black Somali at 13%, Black Caribbean at 11%, Black African at 6% and White British at 3%. A very high proportion do not speak English as their first language. Reflecting the cultural diversity within the school, the school has its own steel band.

In addition to having Technology College status, the academy has gained a range of awards and accreditations, including Applied Learning, School Achievement, Healthy Schools and International School awards. In May 2011, the academy gained the Naace Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Mark.

Aston
Aston is an area of inner Birmingham, in the metropolitan West Midlands of England, and historically within Warwickshire. Located immediately to the north-west of Central Birmingham, Aston constitutes a ward within the metropolitan authority. Prior to 1911, it was an independent parish, separate to Birmingham, known as Aston-juxta-Birmingham. It is approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from Birmingham City Centre.
Liechtenstein Red Cross
The Liechtenstein Red Cross (German: Liechtensteinisches Rotes Kreuz), or LRK, is the national Red Cross society for Liechtenstein. It conducts humanitarian aid in cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross.

The LRK was formed on 30 April 1945 under the initiative of Gina, Princess of Liechtenstein due to the number of war refugees in Liechtenstein following the end of World War II. It was recognised as a Red Cross society on 22 June 1945 and was headed by Princess Gina until 1985, then Marie, Princess of Liechtenstein until 2015, and since then by Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein.

Gina, Princess of Liechtenstein
Georgina Norberta Jane Marie Antonie Raphaela von Wilczek (24 October 1921 – 18 October 1989) was Princess of Liechtenstein from 1943 to 1989 as the wife of Prince Franz Joseph II. She was the mother of Prince Hans-Adam II and was widely known as Gina.
Limbo (weapon)
Limbo, or Anti Submarine Mortar Mark 10 (A/S Mk.10), was the final development of the forward-throwing anti-submarine weapon Squid, designed during the Second World War and was developed by the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment in the 1950s.

Limbo was installed on the quarterdeck of Royal Navy escort ships from 1955 to the mid-1980s, Australian-built Daring-class destroyer and River-class destroyer escorts. Limbo was widely employed by the Royal Canadian Navy, being incorporated into all destroyer designs from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, including the St. Laurent, Restigouche, Mackenzie, Annapolis and Iroquois classes and the Type 12 President Class frigates built for the South African Navy in the 1960s.

Mackenzie-class destroyer
The Mackenzie-class destroyer was a class of warship used by the Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Forces from the 1960s–1990s. Six such ships were envisioned, of which four were completed to this specification. The last two hulls were completed to the post DDH conversion St. Laurent-class design (which included helicopter hangars); they were designated as the Annapolis class instead. The four Mackenzie-class destroyers spent most of their service in the Pacific Ocean, used primarily in a training role. Their only significant update was the DELEX (destroyer life extension) program, which was completed between 1982 and 1985 and updated their navigational radar and their sonar.
2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase
In molecular biology 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase (OHCU decarboxylase) EC 4.1.1.n1 is an enzyme involved in purine catabolism. It catalyses the decarboxylation of 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) into S(+)-allantoin. It is the third step of the conversion of uric acid (a purine derivative) to allantoin. Step one is catalysed by urate oxidase and step two is catalysed by hydroxyisourate hydrolase.

Urate oxidase
The enzyme urate oxidase (UO), also known as uricase or factor-independent urate hydroxylase, is found in nearly all species from bacteria to mammals, but is not expressed in humans, great apes, and certain New World monkeys, in which it exists as a pseudogene. It catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate:

Uric acid + O2 + H2O → 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O2

5-hydroxyisourate + H2O →   2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline

2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline →   allantoin + CO2
Confederation of African Athletics
The Confederation of African Athletics (CAA; French: Confédération Africaine d'Athlétisme) is the continental association for the sport of athletics in Africa. It is headquartered in Dakar, Senegal. It organises the African Championships in Athletics and other continental competitions. The body's current president is Hamad Kalkaba Malboum of Cameroon.

The organization was founded on 17 January 1973. Before 1992, the organization was known as the Confederation of African Amateur Athletics and sometimes as the African Amateur Athletics Federation.

Hamad Kalkaba Malboum
Hamad Kalkaba Malboum (born 11 November 1950) is a Cameroonian athletics official, who is the current President of the Confederation of African Athletics (CAA). He has been at the helm since 2003, when he replaced Lamine Diack who became President of the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF).
Tenagra Observatories
Tenagra Observatory and Tenagra Observatory II are astronomical observatories in Cottage Grove, Oregon and Arizona. The observatories house heavily automated robotic telescopes.

Circa 2016, the observatory was utilized with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope a member of the Lick Observatory and Tenagra Observatory Supernova Searches (LOTOSS).

Beginning in 2018, after a NASA grant to owner Michael Schwartz expired, control of the Arizona observatory was turned over to Gianluca Masi's Virtual Telescope project.

Robotic telescope
A robotic telescope is an astronomical telescope and detector system that makes observations without the intervention of a human.  In astronomical disciplines, a telescope qualifies as robotic if it makes those observations without being operated by a human, even if a human has to initiate the observations at the beginning of the night or end them in the morning. It may have software agents using artificial intelligence that assist in various ways such as automatic scheduling. A robotic telescope is distinct from a remote telescope, though an instrument can be both robotic and remote.

By 2004, robotic observations accounted for an overwhelming percentage of the published scientific information on asteroid orbits and discoveries, variable star studies, supernova light curves and discoveries, comet orbits and gravitational microlensing observations.

All early phase gamma ray burst observations were carried by robotic telescopes.
Skelton Township, Carlton County, Minnesota
Skelton Township is a township in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 372 as of the 2000 census. Skelton Township was named for John and Harry E. Skelton, two brothers who were both employed as county officials.

Carlton County, Minnesota
Carlton County is a county in the State of Minnesota, formed in 1857. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,207. Its county seat is Carlton.  Part of the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation lies in northeastern Carlton County.

Carlton County is part of the Duluth, MN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Policeman
The Policeman (Hebrew: השוטר אזולאי, romanized: HaShoter Azoulay, lit. 'The Policeman Azoulay') is a 1971 Israeli feature film, written, directed and co-produced by satirist Ephraim Kishon. The touching protagonist `The Policeman Azoulay` is played by Shaike Ophir (credited as Shay K. Ophir), in what is considered one of his finest performances.

The film was nominated for the 1972 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and won the Golden Globe Award in the same category. It won several other awards, such as best foreign film in the Barcelona film festival and best director in the Monte Carlo festival. In Israel, it is considered a cinematic classic.

Ephraim Kishon
Ephraim Kishon (Hebrew: אפרים קישון; August 23, 1924 – January 29, 2005) was a Hungarian-born Israeli author, dramatist, screenwriter, and Oscar-nominated film director. He was one of the most widely read contemporary satirists in Israel and was also particularly popular in German-speaking countries.
Atout cœur à Tokyo pour OSS 117
Atout cœur à Tokyo pour OSS 117 (English: Trump-Card in the Heart of Tokyo for OSS 117) is a 1966 French Eurospy spy-fi film. It was the fourth OSS 117 film of the 1960s, directed by Michel Boisrond, presented by the director of the three previous 1960's OSS films, André Hunebelle and produced by Paul Cadéac.  Frederick Stafford makes his second and last appearance as OSS 117.

The film was shot on Japanese locations and featured action scenes arranged by Hunebelle's stunt coordinator Claude Carliez with production design by Max Douy.

Though based on Jean Bruce's character, the film features an original story by the first James Bond director Terence Young.  The film was released a year before the James Bond film You Only Live Twice and has some similarities to that film and the future James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me as well as previous 007 films such as Thunderball.

Terence Young (director)
Stewart Terence Herbert Young (20 June 1915 – 7 September 1994) was a British film director and screenwriter who worked in the United Kingdom, Europe and Hollywood. He is best known for directing three James Bond films: the first two films in the series, Dr. No (1962) and From Russia with Love (1963), and Thunderball (1965). His other films include the Audrey Hepburn thrillers Wait Until Dark (1967) and Bloodline (1979), the historical drama Mayerling (1968), the infamous Korean War epic Inchon (1981), and the Charles Bronson films Cold Sweat (1970), Red Sun (1971), and The Valachi Papers (1972).
Christopher Blake
Christopher Blake (born Peter Ronald Gray, 23 August 1949 – 11 December 2004) was an English actor and screenwriter. He is perhaps best remembered for starring in the British sitcoms Mixed Blessings (1978–80) and That's My Boy (1981–86).

Love for Lydia (TV series)
Love for Lydia is a British television serial made by London Weekend Television and broadcast from 9 September to 2 December 1977 on ITV. It is based on the novel by H. E. Bates, first published in 1952. The series was written by Julian Bond. This period serial stars Mel Martin in the title role of Lydia Aspen. The series has a total of 13 episodes. It is available on DVD in both the UK and North American markets.
Flash (2007 film)
Flash is a 2007 Indian Malayalam-language psychological crime thriller film, directed by Sibi Malayil and written by S. Bhasurachandran. It was produced and distributed by Tomichan Mulakuppadam. The film stars Mohanlal, Indrajith Sukumaran and Parvathy Thiruvothu. The plot revolves around Dhwani, who has to go through some harrowing experiences, and her big, joint family. Flash was released on 25 December 2007.

Parvathy Thiruvothu
Parvathy Thiruvothu Kottuvatta (born 7 April 1988), known mononymously as Parvathy, is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Malayalam and Tamil films. She has received several accolades including a National Film Award, two Kerala State Film Awards, and five Filmfare Awards South.

Parvathy began her acting career with the Malayalam film Out of Syllabus in 2006, and gained critical acclaim for her performance in the Tamil romantic drama Poo (2008). She rose to prominence with her roles in Bangalore Days (2014), Ennu Ninte Moideen (2015) and Charlie (2015). Her success continued with acclaimed performances in Take Off (2017), Uyare (2019), Virus (2019), and Puzhu (2022). For her performance in Take Off, she received the National Film Award – Special Mention.

Beyond acting, Parvathy is an outspoken advocate for gender equality and a founding member of the Women in Cinema Collective.
Gottlieb Heileman
Johann Gottlieb Heileman (January 6, 1824 in Kirchheim unter Teck, Württemberg – February 19, 1878 in La Crosse, Wisconsin) was the founder of the G. Heileman Brewing Company in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Heileman founded the brewery in 1858. His business strategy focused on producing the best local beer, rather than expanding nationwide like his company's contemporary Anheuser-Busch.

Kirchheim unter Teck
Kirchheim unter Teck (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪʁçhaɪm ʔʊntɐ ˈtɛk], lit. 'Kirchheim under Teck'; Swabian: Kircha) is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, in the district of Esslingen. It is located on the small river Lauter, a tributary of the Neckar. It is 10 km (6 miles) near the Teck castle, approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southeast of Stuttgart. It is the fourth city in the Esslingen district, forming a district centre for the surrounding communities.

Since 1 April 1956, Kirchheim unter Teck has the status of Große Kreisstadt. The city forms a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (administrative community) with the neighbouring municipalities Dettingen and Notzingen.  Kirchheim unter Teck was also, for several centuries, seat of the Oberamt (Oa.) Kirchheim.
Corbyn shadow cabinet
Jeremy Corbyn assumed the position of Leader of the Opposition after being elected as leader of the Labour Party on 12 September 2015; the election was triggered by Ed Miliband's resignation following the Labour Party's electoral defeat at the 2015 general election when David Cameron formed a majority Conservative government. The usual number of junior shadow ministers were also appointed.

Corbyn appointed his first Shadow Cabinet in September 2015. A small reshuffle occurred on 5 January 2016, with one further resignation on 11 January 2016. Dozens of further resignations occurred on 26 and 27 June 2016.

The cabinet was reshuffled following the 2017 and 2019 general elections.

Seema Malhotra
Seema Malhotra (born 7 August 1972) is a British politician who has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Equalities since 2024, and as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office since 2025. A member of Labour Co-op, she has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Feltham and Heston since 2011. She previously sat on the opposition front bench as the Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Shadow Minister for Business and Consumers, Shadow Minister for Employment and a shadow Home Office minister.
Battle of Veertien Strome
The Battle of Veertien Strome (Battle of Fourteen Streams, Battle of Veertienstrome, Vaal River, 4–6 May 1900) was a military engagement in the Second Boer War fought near Warrenton, Northern Cape, by Boer troops under Sarel du Toit and British troops under Paul Methuen. Du Toit failed to prevent the British from crossing the Vaal River and entering the South African Republic from the southwest. This British move would be part of Methuen's clearing of the Orange Free State, within the overall military advance on Pretoria.

Fourteen Streams is the broad section of the Vaal River just upstream (to the east) from the railway bridge on the Kimberley-Mafeking line where there are many islands in the river. Sarel du Toit commanded generals Andries Petrus Johannes Cronjé, Jan Celliers, Potgieter, Piet Liebenberg for Griqualand West and Sarel Oosthuizen of Krugersdorp Commando.

Sarel du Toit
Sarel Petrus du Toit (June 28, 1864 – November 22, 1930) was a Second Boer War Boer general for the South African Republic. In 1896 he was elected representative to the Eerste Volksraad in Pretoria for the district of Wolmaransstad.
Otium
Otium is a Latin abstract term which has a variety of meanings, including leisure time for "self-realization activities" such as eating, playing, relaxing, contemplation, and academic endeavors. It sometimes relates to a time in a person's retirement after previous service to the public or private sector, as opposed to "active public life" (the negative negotium meaning "busy-ness"). Otium can be a temporary or sporadic time of leisure. It can have intellectual, virtuous, or immoral implications.

The concept originally expressed the idea of withdrawing from one's daily business or affairs to engage in activities that were considered to be artistically valuable or enlightening (i.e., speaking, writing, philosophy), and had particular meaning to businessmen, diplomats, philosophers, and poets.

Brian Vickers (literary scholar)
Sir Brian William Vickers FBA (born 13 December 1937) is a British academic, now Emeritus Professor at ETH Zurich. He is known for his work on the history of rhetoric, Shakespeare, John Ford, and Francis Bacon. He joined the English department at University College London as a visiting professor in 2012.
Xtabi
Xtabi is a cove on the cliffs of Negril, in Westmoreland, Jamaica. It consists of a labyrinth of caves and passageways carved from solid rock over millennia of ocean water striking it.

An eponymous hotel sits atop the cliffs.

Westmoreland Parish
Westmoreland (Jamaican Patois: Wesmolan) is the westernmost parish in Jamaica, on the south side of the island. It lies south of Hanover, southwest of Saint James, and northwest of Saint Elizabeth, in the county of Cornwall. The chief town and capital is Savanna-la-Mar. Negril, a famous tourist destination, is also situated in the parish.