hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Why the Future Doesn't Need Us
"Why the Future Doesn't Need Us" is an article written by Bill Joy (then Chief Scientist at Sun Microsystems) in the April 2000 issue of Wired magazine. In the article, he argues that "Our most powerful 21st-century technologies—robotics, genetic engineering, and nanotech—are threatening to make humans an endangered species." Joy warns:

The experiences of the atomic scientists clearly show the need to take personal responsibility, the danger that things will move too fast, and the way in which a process can take on a life of its own. We can, as they did, create insurmountable problems in almost no time flat. We must do more thinking up front if we are not to be similarly surprised and shocked by the consequences of our inventions.

While some critics have characterized Joy's stance as obscurantism or neo-Luddism, others share his concerns about the consequences of rapidly expanding technology.

Obscurantism
In philosophy, obscurantism or obscurationism is the anti-intellectual practice of deliberately presenting information in an abstruse and imprecise manner that limits further inquiry and understanding of a subject. Obscurantism has been defined as opposition to the dissemination of knowledge and as writing characterized by deliberate vagueness.

In the 18th century, Enlightenment philosophers applied the term obscurantist to any enemy of intellectual enlightenment and the liberal diffusion of knowledge. In the 19th century, in distinguishing the varieties of obscurantism found in metaphysics and theology, from the "more subtle" obscurantism of the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant and of modern philosophical skepticism, Friedrich Nietzsche said that: "The essential element in the black art of obscurantism is not that it wants to darken individual understanding, but that it wants to blacken our picture of the world, and darken our idea of existence."
Antonio de Guevara
Antonio de Guevara (c. 1481 – 3 April 1545) was a Spanish bishop and author. In 1527, he was named royal chronicler to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. His first book Libro áureo first appeared in pirated editions the following year. This pseudo-historical book of incidents and letters from the life of Marcus Aurelius (known in a later expanded edition as Relox de principes) was translated into nearly every language of Europe, including Russian, Swedish, Hungarian, Polish, Armenian, and Romanian.

The popularity of Guevara's book led scholar and translator Méric Casaubon to remark that no book besides the Bible was so often translated as Guevara's Relox de principes, or Dial of Princes. Besides his book of Marcus Aurelius, Guevara wrote eight other books, some of which continued to be translated and republished in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Thomas North
Sir Thomas North (28 May 1535 – c. 1604) was an English translator, military officer, lawyer, and justice of the peace. His translation into English of Plutarch's Parallel Lives is notable for being the main source text used by William Shakespeare for his Roman plays. He was the second son of Edward North, the 1st Baron North, and brother to Roger North. He maintained a long literary career, spanning six decades, but likely faced financial difficulties later in life due to receiving little inheritance. It has recently been hypothesised that all of his published translations may have influenced the Shakespearean theatrical canon, and that he may himself have known William Shakespeare.
Sasanian coinage
Sasanian coinage was produced within the domains of the Iranian Sasanian Empire (224–651). Together with the Roman Empire, the Sasanian Empire was the most important money-issuing polity in Late Antiquity. Sasanian coinage had a significant influence on coinage of other polities. Sasanian coins are a pivotal primary source for the study of the Sasanian period, and of major importance in history and art history in general. The Sylloge nummorum Sasanidarum is the most important primary work of reference for Sasanian coins.

Shapur III
Shapur III (Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 Šābuhr), was the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) of Iran from 383 to 388. He was the son of Shapur II (r. 309–379) and succeeded his uncle Ardashir II (r. 379–383).

His reign was largely uneventful; to the west, a dispute with the Romans over Armenia was eventually settled through diplomacy, partitioning the area between the two empires in a manner which left most of it under Sasanian control. To the east, Shapur III lost control of the important mint city Kabul to the Alchon Huns.

He is notable for having a rock relief carved at Taq-e Bostan, depicting a scene of him along with his father. He was the penultimate monarch to have a rock relief carved, the last one being Khosrow II (r. 590–628), who mimicked and magnified Shapur III's work. The king died in 388, after reigning for five years. He was crushed by the collapsing weight of his own tent, after some conspiring nobles had cut its ropes. His son Bahram IV succeeded him.
Grosvenor School of Modern Art
The Grosvenor School of Modern Art was a private British art school and, in its shortened form ("Grosvenor School"), the name of a brief British-Australian art movement. It was founded in 1925 by the Scottish wood engraver Iain Macnab in his house at 33 Warwick Square in Pimlico, London.: 31  From 1925 to 1930 Claude Flight ran it with him, and also taught linocutting there; among his students were Sybil Andrews, Cyril Power, Lill Tschudi and William Greengrass.: 400

Claude Flight
Walter Claude Flight (born London 16 February 1881 - died Donhead St Andrew 10 October 1955) also known as Claude Flight or W. Claude Flight was a British artist who pioneered and popularised the linocut technique in printmaking. He also painted, illustrated and made woodcuts. He was the son of the British Museum mineralogist, Walter Flight FRS (1841-85).
Clogher (barony)
Clogher is a barony in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is bordered by four other baronies in Northern Ireland: Omagh East to the north; Dungannon Lower to the east; Magherastephana to the south; and Tirkennedy to the south-west. It also borders two baronies in the Republic of Ireland: Trough and Monaghan both to the south-east.

In the eighteenth century Clogher barony was sometimes called Upper Dungannon, by contrast with the then barony of Dungannon; it is not to be confused with the modern Dungannon Upper barony created by the 1837 subdivision of Dungannon barony.

Dungannon Lower
Dungannon Lower (named after Dungannon town) is a historic barony in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It was created in 1851 with the splitting of the barony of Dungannon. It is bordered by four other baronies in Northern Ireland: Dungannon Middle to the north; Tiranny to the south-east; Clogher to the west; and Omagh East to the north-west. It is also bordered in the south-west by the barony of Trough in the Republic of Ireland.
Niagara Peninsula
The Niagara Peninsula is an isthmus lying between the southwestern shore of Lake Ontario and the northeastern shore of Lake Erie, in Ontario, Canada. Technically an isthmus rather than a peninsula, it stretches from the Niagara River in the east to Hamilton, Ontario, in the west. The peninsula is located in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, and has a population of roughly 500 000  residents. The region directly across the Niagara River and Lake Erie in New York State is known as the Niagara Frontier.

Isthmus
An isthmus (/ˈɪs(θ)məs/ ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi /-maɪ/ -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus, a narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses that connects two larger bodies of water.
Lake Amtkeli
Lake Amtkeli or Amtkel (Georgian: ამტყელის ტბა; Abkhaz: Амтҟьал) is a lake in the Gulripshi District of Abkhazia, Georgia that was formed on 3 October 1891 when an earthquake caused a landslide on the south-western slope of Mt. little Shkhapach into the valley of the Amtkeli River.

Amtkeli
Amtkeli (Georgian: ამტყელი Abkhaz: Амтҟьал) is a small river in north-western Georgia. It originates in the Caucasus Mountains, in the region of Upper Abkhazia, in the western part of the Chkhalta range near Amtkeli pass. It flows south to Lake Amtkeli and joins the Kodori River. Its catchment area is 398 square kilometres (154 sq mi).

The Amtkeli is fed by snow, rain and groundwater. Floods occur in late spring and summer, and the low flows occur in winter.
Ernest Cimon
Ernest Cimon (March 30, 1848 – July 17, 1917) was a Quebec lawyer, judge and political figure. He represented Chicoutimi—Saguenay in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1874 to 1882. His name also appears as Marie Honorius Ernest Cimon.

He was born at Murray Bay, Canada East in 1848, the son of notary Cléophe Cimon, who represented Charlevoix in the legislative assembly for the Province of Quebec. Cimon studied at the Université Laval, was called to the bar in 1871 and set up practice at Chicoutimi. He served as Crown Prosecutor there and also as mayor. In 1882, he was named to the Quebec Superior Court for Gaspé district, later serving in Joliette, Kamouraska and Montmagny districts. In 1891, Cimon married Stella, the daughter of Hector-Louis Langevin. He retired from the bench in 1914.

Cimon died at Quebec City in 1917.

His daughter Stella married Louis Côté, who later served in the Canadian senate.

Louis Côté (politician)
Louis Côté (September 13, 1890 – February 2, 1943) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He represented Ottawa East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative from 1929 to 1934 and was also a Conservative member of the Senate of Canada for Ottawa East division from 1933 to 1943.
Reflections of Rosemary
Reflections of Rosemary is a 2005 album by Debby Boone. It is Boone's first full-length disc recorded for Concord Records. It was released sixteen years after her previous studio album, Home for Christmas (1989).

The album's name, Reflections of Rosemary, refers to American singer and actress Rosemary Clooney, who was Boone's mother-in-law. It is a tribute album for Clooney who died in 2002, intended to be a musical portrait of her, or as Debby Boone put it: "I wanted to select songs that would give an insight into Rosemary from a family perspective".

The album was produced by Allen Sviridoff, who had been Clooney's producer and manager for many years.

Boone said she had chosen songs for the album that Clooney performed or "songs that maybe she recorded that people would never really associate with her".

Boone toured extensively for the album including several nights at New York's famed cabaret, Feinstein's, where Clooney often performed.

Debby Boone
Deborah Anne Boone (born September 22, 1956) is an American singer, author, and actress. She is best known for her 1977 hit, "You Light Up My Life", which spent ten weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and led to her winning the Grammy Award for Best New Artist the following year. Boone later focused her music career on country music, resulting in the 1980 No. 1 country hit "Are You on the Road to Lovin' Me Again". In the 1980s, she recorded Christian music which garnered her four top 10 Contemporary Christian albums as well as two more Grammys. Throughout her career, Boone has appeared in several musical theater productions and has co-authored many children's books with her husband  Gabriel Ferrer.
Shall We Gather at the River (Falling Skies)
"Shall We Gather at the River" is the second episode of the second season of the American television drama series Falling Skies, and the 12th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on TNT in the United States on June 17, 2012 as a two-hour season premiere with the first episode of the season. It was written by Bradley Thompson & David Weddle and directed by Greg Beeman.

Bradley Thompson
Bradley Thompson is an American television writer and producer known for episodes of  Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1996–1999), The Twilight Zone (2002–2003), Battlestar Galactica  (2004–2009), CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2009-2011), Falling Skies (2011-2013), and The Strain (2014-2017) with writing partner David Weddle. They are currently writing for the series For All Mankind, which debuted on Apple TV+ on November 1, 2019. They also wrote for the short-lived series Ghost Stories (1997) and The Fearing Mind (2000).
Domenico Siniscalco
Domenico Siniscalco (born 15 July 1954) is an Italian economist and former Minister of Finance.

Sinicalco graduated with law degree from the University of Turin. He served Italian government from June 2001 to July 2004 as Director General of Treasury. He took office as the Italian Minister of Economy and Finance on 16 July 2004 until 22 September 2005.

Along with Tommaso Padoa Schioppa, he is not part of any significant political party preferring to remain independent. Siniscalco is Vice Chairman of Morgan Stanley Europe and Head of Italy's division at the same investment bank.

FAMILY: sposato con Cristina MARENCO DI MORIONDO il 20 gennaio 1996 a Paderno Dugnano ha due figli Marco 11 ottobre 1997 ed Enrico 02 aprile 1999

University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training.
Lekë Dukagjini
Lekë III Dukagjini (died after 1481), commonly known as Lekë Dukagjini, was a 15th-century Albanian nobleman who ruled the Principality of Dukagjini from 1446 until the Ottoman conquest in 1479. A member of the Dukagjini family, he was a contemporary of Skanderbeg and participated in the Albanian resistance against the Ottoman Empire. Dukagjini is best known for the Code of Lekë Dukagjini, a code of customary law that bears his name and governed the tribes of northern Albania for centuries.

Dagnum
Dagnum (Albanian: Danjë or Dejë, Serbian: Danj, Italian: Dagno) was a town, bishopric and important medieval fortress located on the territory of present-day Albania, which has been under Albanian, Serbian, Venetian and Ottoman control and remains a Latin Catholic titular see. It is close to the modern day town of Vau i Dejës.
Elk Grove Village, Illinois
Elk Grove Village is a village in Cook and DuPage Counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 32,812 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 31,802 in 2024. Located 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Chicago along the Golden Corridor, the Village of Elk Grove Village was incorporated on July 17, 1956. It is directly adjacent to O'Hare International Airport and is economically important to the Chicago metropolitan area due to its large industrial park, located on the eastern border of the village. The community is served by several Interstate highways including I-90, I-290/I-355/Route 53, and IL-390. Elk Grove is also expected to be served by the I-490 Western O'Hare Bypass upon completion of the project.

Interstate 290 (Illinois)
Interstate 290 (I-290) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway that runs westward from the Jane Byrne Interchange near the Chicago Loop. The portion of I-290 from I-294 to its east end is officially called the Dwight D. Eisenhower Expressway. In short form, it is known as "the Ike" or the Eisenhower. Before being designated the Eisenhower Expressway, the highway was called the Congress Expressway because of the surface street that was located approximately in its path and onto which I-290 runs at its eastern terminus in the Loop.

I-290 connects I-90 (Jane Addams Memorial Tollway) in Rolling Meadows with I-90/I-94 (John F. Kennedy Expressway/Dan Ryan Expressway) near the Loop. North of I-355, the highway is sometimes known locally as Illinois Route 53 (IL 53), or simply Route 53, since IL 53 existed before I-290. However, it now merges with I-290 at Biesterfield Road. In total, I-290 is 29.84 miles (48.02 km) long.
For You (Fatin Shidqia album)
For You is the debut studio album by Indonesian singer Fatin Shidqia, who won the first season of X Factor Indonesia. It was officially released on November 11, 2013 by Sony Music Entertainment. The album was produced by Swedish producers Gustav Efraimsson and Hayden Bell. The album debuted at number one on the iTunes Indonesia album charts.

The singles released from the album met considerable success. "Aku Memilih Setia" became the singer's first number-one single, "Dia Dia Dia" peaked at number sixteen on the iTunes Indonesia music charts, and "Cahaya Di Langit Itu" became the original soundtrack for the 2013 movie 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa. The CD version of the album was only available for purchase through Indonesian KFC stores.

Cahaya Di Langit Itu
"Cahaya Di Langit Itu" is a song performed by singer Fatin Shidqia. This single featured on her debut album titled For You. The single was released in Indonesia on 22 November 2013 and became the original soundtrack for the movie 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa (99 Lights in the European Sky).
Massachusetts Route 140
Route 140 is a 107.76-mile-long (173.42 km) north—south state highway which passes through Bristol, Norfolk and Worcester counties in Massachusetts. The highway follows a southeast-northwest trajectory, running from U.S. Route 6 (US 6) in New Bedford just north of Buzzards Bay northwest to an intersection with Route 12 in Winchendon, a few miles south of the border with New Hampshire.

The southern 19 miles (30 km) of Route 140 between New Bedford and Taunton is a freeway known as the Alfred M. Bessette Memorial Highway, or more commonly, the Taunton-New Bedford Expressway.

Bristol County, Massachusetts
Bristol County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 579,200. The shire town is Taunton. Some governmental functions are performed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, others by the county, and others by local towns and cities. The county is the sixth most populous county in Massachusetts. Bristol County is part of the Providence metropolitan area, which is also included in Greater Boston. The county is adjacent to the state of Rhode Island. It is geographically adjacent to the Massachusetts counties of Plymouth, Norfolk, and Dukes (via water), and the Rhode Island counties of Bristol, Newport, and Providence.
Darugha
Darugha (Bashkir: даруга, Tatar: даруга, romanized: daruğa, from Mongol: daru-, 'to press, to seal') was a territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire. A darugha was ruled by a darughachi.

Later, the term was used for the province, particularly in Kazan and the Siberian Khanates in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was used in the Turkic-populated parts of the Russian Empire in the 16th to 18th centuries. In Safavid Iran, it was a title meaning prefect. One of the many Safavid darughas was Mirman Mirimanidze.

In 1762, the Bashkir people controlled the Kazan, Nogai, Osin and Siberian darughas.

In the Mughal Empire, a daroga was the title of a district police officer. This title was kept until the 20th century during the British Raj.

Khanate of Kazan
The Khanate of Kazan was a Tatar state that encompassed the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria from 1438 until 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan.

It was one of the successor states of the Golden Horde 
(Mongol state), and it came to an end when it was conquered by the Tsardom of Russia.
Hinsdale, Illinois
Hinsdale is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States, with a small portion in Cook County. It is one of the wealthiest communities in Illinois and in the United States. Hinsdale is a western suburb of Chicago with a population of 17,395 in the 2020 census.

Interstate 294
Interstate 294 (I-294) is a tolled auxiliary Interstate Highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. Forming the southern portion of the Tri-State Tollway in Illinois, I-294 runs from South Holland at I-80/I-94 and Illinois Route 394 (IL 394) to Northbrook at I-94. I-294 is 53.42 miles (85.97 km) long; 5.32 miles (8.56 km) are shared with I-80. It serves as a bypass around the city of Chicago.
Stary Kornin
Stary Kornin [ˈstarɨ ˈkɔrnin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubicze Cerkiewne, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus.

According to the 1921 census, the village was inhabited by 245 people, among whom 4 were Roman Catholic, 225 Orthodox, and 16 Mosaic. At the same time, 13 inhabitants declared Polish nationality, 224 Belarusian,1 Jewish and 1 another. There were 60 residential buildings in the village.

Gmina Dubicze Cerkiewne
Gmina Dubicze Cerkiewne is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. Its seat is the village of Dubicze Cerkiewne, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-west of Hajnówka and 55 km (34 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 151.19 square kilometres (58.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 1,871.
N-Phenylglycine
N-Phenylglycine is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NHCH2CO2H.  This white solid achieved fame as the industrial precursor to indigo dye.  It is a non-proteinogenic alpha amino acid related to sarcosine, but with an N-phenyl group in place of N-methyl.

Indigo dye
Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Indigo is a natural dye obtained from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were once common throughout the world. Blue colorants are relatively rare.  Since indigo is insoluble, it is also referred to as a pigment (C.I. Pigment Blue 66, C.I.).

Most indigo dye produced today is synthetic, constituting  around 80,000 tonnes each year, as of 2023. It is most commonly associated with the production of denim cloth and blue jeans, where its properties allow for effects such as stone washing and acid washing to be applied quickly.
Open matte
Open matte is a filming technique that involves matting out the top and bottom of the film frame in the movie projector (known as a soft matte) for the widescreen theatrical release and then scanning the film without a matte (at Academy ratio) for a full screen home video release, thus not only providing a much better full frame presentation than cropping, but considerably more convenient than pan and scan. It is roughly equivalent to an uncropped version of the film.

Open matte can be used with non-anamorphic films presented in 2.20:1 or 2.39:1, but it is not used as often, mainly because it adds too much additional headroom, depending upon how well the framing was protected or for aesthetic purposes. Instead, those films will employ either pan and scan or reframing using either the well-protected areas or the areas of interest. Films shot anamorphically use the entire 35 mm frame (except for the soundtrack area), so they must use pan and scan as a result.

Cropping (image)
Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image. The process usually consists of the removal of some of the peripheral areas of an image to remove extraneous visual data from the picture, improve its framing, change the aspect ratio, or accentuate or isolate the subject matter from its background. Depending on the application, this can be performed on a physical photograph, artwork, or film footage, or it can be achieved digitally by using image editing software. The process of cropping is common to the photographic, film processing, broadcasting, graphic design, and printing businesses.