hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermosiphon
A thermosiphon (or thermosyphon) is a device that employs a method of passive heat exchange based on natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump. Thermosiphoning is used for circulation of liquids and volatile gases in heating and cooling applications such as heat pumps, water heaters, boilers and furnaces. Thermosiphoning also occurs across air temperature gradients such as those occurring in a wood-fire chimney or solar chimney.

This circulation can either be open-loop, as when the substance in a holding tank is passed in one direction via a heated transfer tube mounted at the bottom of the tank to a distribution point — even one mounted above the originating tank — or it can be a vertical closed-loop circuit with return to the original container. Its purpose is to simplify the transfer of liquid or gas while avoiding the cost and complexity of a conventional pump.

Reboiler
Reboilers are heat exchangers typically used to provide heat to the bottom of industrial distillation columns. They boil the liquid from the bottom of a distillation column to generate vapors which are returned to the column to drive the distillation separation. The heat supplied to the column by the reboiler at the bottom of the column is removed by the condenser at the top of the column.

Proper reboiler operation is vital to effective distillation. In a typical classical distillation column, all the vapor driving the separation comes from the reboiler. The reboiler receives a liquid stream from the column bottom and may partially or completely vaporize that stream. Steam usually provides the heat required for the vaporization.
Jaynagar Majilpur
Jaynagar Majilpur (Bengali: [d͡ʒɔe̯nɔgoɾ mod͡ʒɪlpuɾ] ⓘ) is a town and a municipality of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The town is famous for its confectionery called Jaynagarer Moa.

South 24 Parganas
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore , with its Zilla Parishad  in Baruipur. It is the largest district of West Bengal by area and second largest by population. It is the sixth most populous district in India (out of 640). On one side of the district there is the urban fringe of Kolkata, and on the other the remote riverine villages in the Sundarbans.
Jana Gantnerová-Šoltýsová
Jana Gantnerová-Šoltýsová (born 30 September 1959 in Kežmarok) is a Slovak former alpine skier who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1976 Winter Olympics, 1980 Winter Olympics, and 1984 Winter Olympics. In December 1980, she won an Alpine Skiing World Cup downhill in Altenmarkt, becoming the first east European skier to win a World Cup race. Her best performance at the Olympics was a fifth place in the downhill in 1984. Since retiring from competition, she has served as president of the Slovak Skiing Association, as a member of the Slovak Olympic Committee Executive Board, as a member of the International Ski Federation Alpine Commission, and as Deputy Chef de Mission for the Slovak team at the 2010 Winter Olympics. She is the mother of alpine skier Jana Gantnerová.

Kežmarok
Kežmarok (German: Kesmark or Käsmark; Hungarian: Késmárk, Rusyn: Кежмарок, Yiddish: קעזמאַרק, romanized: Kezmark, Polish: Kieżmark) is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia (population 16,000), on the Poprad River. Before World War I, it was in Szepes county in the Kingdom of Hungary.
Duduwa Rural Municipality
Duduwa Rural Municipality (Nepali: डुडुवा गाउँपालिका) is a Gaunpalika in Banke District in Lumbini Province of Nepal. On 12 March 2017, the government of Nepal implemented a new local administrative structure, with the implementation of the new local administrative structure, VDCs have been replaced with municipal and Village Councils. Duduwa is one of these 753 local units.

Banke District
Banke District (Nepali: बाँके जिल्ला, romanized: Bām̐kē jillā; [bãke] ⓘ, a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the 77 districts of Nepal. The district, located in midwestern Nepal with Nepalganj as its district headquarters, covers an area of 2,337 km2 (902 sq mi) and had a population of 385,840 in 2001 and 491,313 in 2011. There are three main cities in the Banke District: Nepalganj, Kohalpur and Khajura Bajaar.
2024 Oregon House of Representatives election
The 2024 Oregon House of Representatives elections were held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024. Primary elections were held on Tuesday, May 21, 2024. All of the 60 seats of the Oregon House of Representatives were to be elected. The elections coincided with the elections for other offices, including for State Senate, as part of the 2024 Oregon elections. Democrats gained one seat, earning a three-fifths supermajority for the first time since the 2020 House election.

Christine Drazan
Christine Renee Drazan (née Deboy, born 1972) is an American politician who is serving in the Oregon State Senate from the 26th district.  She previously served in the Oregon House of Representatives representing the 39th district from 2019 to 2022, and the 51st district in 2025. During that tenure she was minority leader from 2019 to 2021, as well as in 2025. She is a member of the Republican Party. Drazan was the party's nominee in the 2022 Oregon gubernatorial election, losing to Democrat Tina Kotek.

During her tenure as minority leader, she engaged in various parliamentary tactics to thwart legislation supported by the Democratic majority.

Drazan was born in Klamath Falls, Oregon, and educated at Eagle Point High School and George Fox University. During the 1990s she worked for Speaker Mark Simmons. She was elected to the state house in 2018 and reelected in 2020.
We Are the Broken
We Are the Broken is the ninth studio album from American Christian rock band Seventh Day Slumber. The album released on May 13, 2014 by VSR Music Group. The album was produced by Jeremy Holderfield and Brent Milligan. The album debut at No. 24 on the Billboard Christian Albums chart.

Seventh Day Slumber
Seventh Day Slumber is an American Christian rock band from Dallas, Texas, formed in 1996, consisting of vocalist Joseph Rojas, his son Blaise on drums, and guitarist Ken Reed.  They were an independent band for five years until they signed with BEC Records in 2005, then finished their contract in 2012 and partnered with Capitol CMG to start their own record label called Rockfest Records. Their songs have been featured frequently on X the album series.
Sleman Regency
Sleman Regency (Indonesian pronunciation: [səˈleman]; ) is an Indonesian regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten) on the island of Java.  It is located in the north of the Yogyakarta Special Administrative Region, Indonesia, and has an area of  574.82 square kilometres (221.94 sq mi), with a population of 1,093,110 at the 2010 Census and 1,125,804 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,157,292 - comprising 573,760 males and 583,540 females. Its capital is the town of Sleman. The current regent is Harda Kiswaya.

Sleman
Sleman is a kapanewon (administrative district) and the seat capital of Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is on the road between Yogyakarta and Magelang. Sleman consists of five villages, namely Caturharjo, Pandowoharjo, Tridadi, Triharjo, and Trimulyo.

It was also a stopping place on the railway that followed the same route, but is currently inactive.
Glenn procedure
Glenn procedure is a palliative surgical procedure performed for patients with Tricuspid atresia. It is also part of the surgical treatment path for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome.  This procedure has been largely replaced by Bidirectional Glenn procedure.

It connects the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery.

Bidirectional Glenn procedure
The bidirectional Glenn (BDG) shunt, or bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, is a surgical technique used in pediatric cardiac surgery procedure used to temporarily improve blood oxygenation for patients with a congenital cardiac defect resulting in a single functional ventricle. Creation of a bidirectional shunt reduces the amount of blood volume that the heart needs to pump at the time of surgical repair with the Fontan procedure.
Nicholas Freeston
Nicholas Freeston (28 August 1907 – 6 February 1978) was an English poet who spent most of his working life as a weaver in cotton mills near his home in Clayton-le-Moors, Lancashire. He published five books of poetry, occasionally writing in Lancashire dialect, and won fifteen awards including a gold medal presented by the president of the United Poets' Laureate International. He was listed in the third edition of Who's Who in the World and appeared on television and radio reading his own work. A UK national newspaper, the Daily Mirror, called him the "Cotton Mill Bard" and the Lancashire Evening Telegraph, the "Wordsworth of the Weaving Shed".

Oswaldtwistle
Oswaldtwistle (/ˈɒz(w)əl.twɪzəl/ "ozzle twizzle") is a town in the Hyndburn borough of Lancashire, England, 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Blackburn, contiguous with Accrington. The town has a rich industrial heritage, being home to James Hargreaves, inventor of the spinning jenny, and Robert "Parsley" Peel of calico printing fame. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through the town and was responsible for the export of much of the area's cotton produce.

At the 2011 census, it had a population of 11,803. In 2021 the population had decreased to 10,815
2025 Indy NXT
The 2025 Firestone Indy NXT Series was the 39th season of the Indy NXT open wheel auto racing series and the 23rd sanctioned by IndyCar, acting as the primary support series for the IndyCar Series. This was the third year of the championship running under the Indy NXT moniker following its acquisition by Penske Entertainment, the owner of the IndyCar Series, in 2022.

Andretti Global driver Dennis Hauger won the Drivers' Championship title with one race to spare, and in doing so also became Rookie of the Year.

Juncos Hollinger Racing
Juncos Hollinger Racing (abbreviated JHR, /ˈdʒʌŋkoʊs/, Spanish: [ˈxun.kos]), formerly Juncos Racing, is an Argentine-American racing team competing in the IndyCar Series. Owned by Ricardo Juncos, who formed the team in 1997, the team was initially based in Argentina before limited racing opportunities in that country led to the team moving to the United States. The team is currently based in Indianapolis, Indiana. Following Williams F1 shareholder Brad Hollinger's entry to the team as partner in 2021, the team was renamed to Juncos Hollinger Racing.
J. Farrell MacDonald
John Farrell MacDonald (April 14, 1875 – August 2, 1952) was an American character actor and director. He played supporting roles and occasional leads. He appeared in over 325 films over a four-decade career from 1911 to 1951, and directed forty-four silent films from 1912 to 1917.

MacDonald was the principal director of L. Frank Baum's Oz Film Manufacturing Company, and he can frequently be seen in the films of Frank Capra, Preston Sturges and, especially, John Ford.

The Maltese Falcon (1931 film)
The Maltese Falcon is a 1931 American pre-Code crime film based on the 1930 novel The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett and directed by Roy Del Ruth. The film stars Ricardo Cortez as private detective Sam Spade and Bebe Daniels as femme fatale Ruth Wonderly. The supporting cast features Dudley Digges, Thelma Todd, Walter Long, Una Merkel, and Dwight Frye. Maude Fulton and Brown Holmes wrote the screenplay; one contemporaneous report said that Lucien Hubbard was assisting them.

While the film was successful, its legacy was deeply hampered by the enforcement of the Hays Code. The film was remade by the studio twice, with its 1941 remake starring Humphrey Bogart and Mary Astor overshadowing its predecessors. The film was not seen in its entirety until after the collapse of the Code in the mid-1960s. A print has been held by the Library of Congress since the 1970s.
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
The inferior cerebellar peduncle is formed by fibers of the restiform body that join with fibers from the much smaller juxtarestiform body. The inferior cerebellar peduncle is the smallest of the three cerebellar peduncles.

The upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata is occupied by the inferior cerebellar peduncle, a thick rope-like strand situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.

Each inferior cerebellar peduncle connects the spinal cord and medulla oblongata with the cerebellum, and comprises the juxtarestiform body and restiform body.

Important fibers running through the inferior cerebellar peduncle include the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and axons from the inferior olivary nucleus, among others.

Glossopharyngeal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve (/ˌɡlɒsoʊfəˈrɪn(d)ʒiəl, -ˌfærənˈdʒiːəl/), also known as the ninth cranial nerve, cranial nerve IX, or simply CN IX, is a cranial nerve that exits the brainstem from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. Being a mixed nerve (sensorimotor), it carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information. The motor division of the glossopharyngeal nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic medulla oblongata, whereas the sensory division originates from the cranial neural crest.
Gottfried Lengnich
Gottfried Lengnich (Polish: Gotfryd Lengnich) (4 December 1689 – 28 April 1774) was an 18th-century historian, lawyer and politician. He became known for writing the 9-volume History of Royal Prussia and for teaching Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of Poland.

Academic Gymnasium Danzig
The Academic Gymnasium Danzig (German: Akademisches Gymnasium Danzig, Polish: Gdańskie Gimnazjum Akademickie, Latin: Gymnasium Dantiscanum) was a school founded in Gdańsk, Poland. It was founded in 1558 by Johann Hoppe (1512–1565), who had previously worked at schools in Kulm and Elbing until Catholic Prince-Bishop Stanislaus Hosius closed them. For most of its existence it had a character similar to that of a university.
Poniatowski gems
The Poniatowski gems are a collection of over 2,600 engraved gems commissioned by Prince Stanisław Poniatowski (1754–1833), a wealthy Polish nobleman, and passed off by him as genuine classical pieces.  By the time of his death in 1833 it was becoming clear to scholars that the gems were instead early 19th-century neoclassical forgeries. The gems in Poniatowski's collection were auctioned as authentic antiques in 1839, but the auction was a failure, and the surrounding controversy depressed collector interest in engraved gems for years afterward. The gems were scattered, and many have been lost or mislaid. Today they are appreciated as excellent examples of neoclassical gem carving.

Stanisław Poniatowski (1754–1833)
Prince Stanisław Poniatowski (November 23, 1754 – February 13, 1833) was a Polish nobleman, politician, diplomat, a member of the wealthy Poniatowski family and a nephew of the last king of Poland, Stanisław II Augustus. He was the official Commander of the Royal Foot Guards regiment directly responsible for the monarch's life as well as the Grand Treasurer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1784–1791) and Governor of Stryj, which made him a key figure in Poland during the Age of Enlightenment.
Przeździęk Wielki
Przeździęk Wielki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpʂɛʑdʑɛŋk ˈfjɛlkʲi]; German: Groß Przesdzienk) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielbark, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Wielbark, 24 km (15 mi) south of Szczytno, and 53 km (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

On the outskirts of the village there is a former Evangelical cemetery with a section from World War I, in which six soldiers of the Russian army are buried. Another war cemetery is located behind the railway station, in the forest, and contains graves from World War I with twenty-four soldiers of the Russian army and four soldiers of the German army.

The village was founded in 1685. A brick school was built in the village in 1902.

Gmina Wielbark
Gmina Wielbark is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Wielbark, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Szczytno and 52 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 347.89 square kilometres (134.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,257.
Cologne–Overath railway
The Cologne–Overath railway is a single-track, non-electrified railway in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was opened in 1910 to connect the historic Siegburg–Olpe railway directly to Cologne and required the construction of the Hoffnungsthal  tunnel. The section from Hoffnungsthal to Rösrath partly used the track of the Cologne–Lindlar railway, which is now largely disused west of Bergisch Gladbach. The line, like the Siegburg–Olpe line, is also called the Aggertalbahn (Agger Valley Railway), although it leaves the valley of the Agger not far from Overath.

In 1997, Deutsche Bahn abandoned scheduled freight traffic throughout the Oberbergischer Kreis. After that passenger services ran only as far as Gummersbach, but, since 2003, they have been extended to Marienheide. Since May 2007, the Rhein-Sieg-Eisenbahn has occasionally operated freight traffic as required from the junction of the Siegburg–Olpe railway with the Wiehl Valley Railway (Wiehltalbahn) towards Cologne.

Oberbergische Bahn
The Oberbergische Bahn (RB 25) is a Regionalbahn rail service running between Cologne Hansaring and Lüdenscheid in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW).

This service is operated by DB Regio NRW with Alstom Coradia LINT 54 and 81 railcars.
Société Astra
Société Astra des Constructions Aéronautiques was a major French manufacturer of balloons, airships, and aeroplanes in the early 20th century. It was founded in 1908 when Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe purchased Édouard Surcouf's workshops at Billancourt. Its most significant product was the Astra-Torres airship designed by Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo, but beginning in 1909, the firm also produced Wright brothers heavier-than-air designs under licence. In 1912, these were supplanted by Astra's own designs, the Astra C and CM.

Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe
Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe (French: [ɑ̃ʁi døtsʃ də la mœʁt]; 25 September 1846 – 24 November 1919), born Salomon Henry Deutsch, was a successful French petroleum businessman (known as the "Oil King of Europe"), and a supporter of early aviation. He sponsored a number of prizes to encourage the development of aviation technologies, including the Grand Prix d'Aviation and the Deutsch de la Meurthe prize.
Louis Blotner Radar Bomb Scoring Site
The Louis Blotner Radar Site was a tracking site (Not an RBS site) in Connor, Maine at the former NIKE missile launch site. Activated in June 1963 and operational until after 1979, The Ashland site was an AUTOTRACK radar site operated by Detachment 7 of the 1st Combat Evaluation Group. The station simulated Electronic Countermeasures and Radar Bomb Scoring for the Ashland Training Range's low-level training route "over Bangor north to Houlton, Maine."

1st Combat Evaluation Group
The 1st Combat Evaluation Group (initially "1CEG", later "1CEVG") was a Strategic Air Command (SAC) unit. It was formed on 1 August 1961 to merge the 3908th Strategic Standardization Group for SAC aircrew evaluation with the 1st Radar Bomb Scoring Group that had originated from the 263rd Army Air Force Base Unit which transferred from 15th AF to directly under Strategic Air Command c. 1946.  The 1CEVG formed after SAC switched to low-level tactics to counter Soviet surface-to-air missiles ("Oil Burner" training routes in 1959) and SAC had "developed a Radar Bomb Scoring field kit for use in NIKE Systems" in early 1960 for scoring SAC training missions against US Hercules SAM sites. The 1CEVG headquarters included an Office of History and a "standardization and evaluation school" for command examiners.
E with stroke
Ɇ (lowercase: ɇ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from E with the addition of a diagonal stroke through the letter. It is used in the 1989 orthography of the Mazahua language, where it represents [ɛ], as well in a few other languages of Mexico such as Chinantec of Ojitlán or Chichimeca Jonaz language.

Both the capital and lowercase variants of E with stroke were added to Unicode in 2004. In the Secretaría de Educación Pública de México's alphabet for the Indigenous language Mazahua, the version of a letter with a slash through it is used to mark a nasalized vowel.

Ɇ is also used in some alphabets for the Tlahuica language (also known as Pjyɇkakjo or Ocuiltec). In these alphabets, the slash indicates a centralized version of a vowel, so ɇ represents a mid central vowel [ə].

Jacques Pelletier du Mans used ɇ in his proposal for the reform of French orthography Dialoguɇ Dɇ l’Ortografɇ e Prononciation Françoęſɇ (1550), but this failed to gain traction.

E
E, or e, is the fifth letter and the second vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is e (pronounced /ˈiː/ ⓘ); plural es, Es, or E's.

It is the most commonly used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish.
Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin
Chippewa Falls (/ˌtʃɪpəwə ˈfɔːlz/ ⓘ) is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 14,731 in the 2020 census. Incorporated as a city in 1869, it is the county seat of Chippewa County. The city's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River, which is named after the Ojibwe. It is a principal city of the Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area.

Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray, known as the "father of supercomputing", and the headquarters for the original Cray Research. It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company, the Heyde Center for the Arts, a showcase venue for artists and performers; Irvine Park, and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair. Chippewa Falls is 15 miles (24 km) from the annual four-day music festivals Hoofbeat and Rock Fest.

Heyde Center for the Arts
The Heyde Center for the Arts is an art center located in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. Constructed in 1907 in the Neoclassical architecture style, it is the original site of McDonell Central Catholic High School. The center is owned and operated by the Chippewa Valley Cultural Association (CVCA). It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Siege of Tiracol
The Battle of Tiracol was a military engagement between Portuguese forces under the command of the Viceroy of India Dom Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos against the Bhonsles at Tiracol. It was part of the Novas Conquistas or "New Conquests" campaigns.

Novas Conquistas
The Novas Conquistas or "New Conquests" are a group of seven  concelhos (municipalities) of Goa and Damaon, officially known as Portuguese India. They were added into Goa in the 18th century AD, comparatively date than the three original concelhos that make up the Velhas Conquistas, or "Old Conquests".

The seven concelhos of the Novas Conquistas are:

Pernem,

Bicholim,

Sattari,

Antruz (Ponda),

Sanguem (modern-day Sanguem and Dharbandora),

Quepem and

Canacona.

Silvassa was a newly-acquired area in the Província do Norte.

In writing postal addresses, the Novas Conquistas were abbreviated "N.C."