hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Infectious diseases (medical specialty)
Infectious diseases (ID), also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of infections. An infectious diseases specialist's practice consists of managing nosocomial (healthcare-acquired) infections or community-acquired infections. An ID specialist investigates and determines the cause of a disease (bacteria, virus, parasite, fungus or prions). Once the cause is known, an ID specialist can then run various tests to determine the best drug to treat the disease. While infectious diseases have always been around, the infectious disease specialty did not exist until the late 1900s after scientists and physicians in the 19th century paved the way with research on the sources of infectious disease and the development of vaccines.

Medical specialty
A medical specialty is a branch of medical practice that is focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy. Examples include those branches of medicine that deal exclusively with children (pediatrics), cancer (oncology), laboratory medicine (pathology), or primary care (family medicine). After completing medical school or other basic training, physicians or surgeons and other clinicians usually further their medical education in a specific specialty of medicine by completing a multiple-year residency to become a specialist.
2022 Charlotte Edwards Cup
The 2022 Charlotte Edwards Cup was the second edition of the Charlotte Edwards Cup, an English women's cricket Twenty20 domestic competition, which took place between 14 May and 11 June 2022. It featured eight teams playing in two double round-robin groups, followed by a Finals Day. The tournament ran alongside the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy. The tournament was named after former England captain Charlotte Edwards. The tournament was won by Southern Vipers, beating Central Sparks in the final.

South East Stars
South East Stars were a women's cricket team that represented the London & South East region, one of eight regional hubs in English domestic women's cricket. They played their home matches at various grounds, including the County Cricket Ground, Beckenham. They were captained by Bryony Smith and coached by Johann Myburgh. The team carried over many elements of the WCSL team Surrey Stars, but were partnered with both Surrey and Kent. The team won the inaugural Charlotte Edwards Cup, beating Northern Diamonds in the final.

At the end of the 2024 season, following reforms to the structure of women's domestic cricket, the team was effectively replaced by a professionalised Surrey team.
Elcho Island
Elcho Island, known to its traditional owners as Galiwin'ku (Galiwinku) is an island off the coast of Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located at the southern end of the Wessel Islands group located in the East Arnhem Region. Galiwin'ku is also the name of the settlement where the island's largest community lives. Elcho Island formed part of the traditional lands of the Yan-nhaŋu, according to Norman Tindale. According to J. C. Jennison, the Aboriginal inhabitants were the Dhuwal, who called themselves the Kokalango Mala (mala = clan).

Yan-nhaŋu
The Yan-nhaŋu, also known as the Nango, are an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory. They have strong sociocultural connections with their neighbours, the Burarra, on the Australian mainland.
Bataljon Bevrijding – 5 Linie
The Battalion Bevrijding – 5 Linie (lit. 'Liberation—5th Line Battalion') is an infantry battalion in the Belgian Army of the Belgian Armed Forces. The regiment is a part of the Motorized Brigade, is Dutch-speaking and is stationed at Lieutenant General Piron Barracks in Leopoldsburg.

Belgian Army
The Belgian Army (Dutch: Landmacht, French: Force Terrestre) is the land branch of the Belgian Armed Forces. The King of the Belgians is the commander in chief. The current chief of staff of the Belgian Army is Major-General Jean-Pol Baugnée.

Dating back to Belgium's establishment in 1830, the Belgian Army is the oldest service branch of the Belgian Armed Forces, and is also the largest of the four branches, with approximately 10,000 active military personnel and over 2,000 reservists as of 2022.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sacramento County, California
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sacramento County, California.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Sacramento County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 111 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 6 National Historic Landmarks.  Another property was once listed but has been removed.  The table does not include the Big Four House, which was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961, but is not listed on the National Register.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 20, 2026.

Big Four House
The Big Four Building is a historic 19th-century building in Downtown Sacramento, California. It is now located within Old Sacramento State Historic Park and the Old Sacramento National Historic District.
Frullania truncatistyla
Frullania truncatistyla is a species of liverwort in the order Porellales. The species was first described by Matt von Konrat, Jörn Hentschel, Jochen Heinrichs and John E. Braggins in 2011, and is native to New Zealand.

John E. Braggins
John E. Braggins (9 August 1944 – 1 October 2025) was a New Zealand botanist and bryologist, known for his research into ferns and liverworts. Braggins lectured at the University of Auckland from 1969 until 2000, during which time he supervised and mentored a significant number of New Zealand botanists. During Braggins' career, he took part in the identification of 12 species and one suborder, many of which are endemic New Zealand liverworts.
R71 (South Africa)
The R71 is a provincial route in Limpopo, South Africa that connects Polokwane with the Kruger National Park via Tzaneen and Phalaborwa.

The R71 is used daily by people who work or reside in Dalmada, Mothiba, Nobody, Moria, Mankweng, Turfloop and Boyne. The road is well known to touring bikers who frequently visit the province from all parts of the country, because of the scenic route through Magoebaskloof.

Mankweng
Mankweng, also called Turfloop, is a township in Capricorn District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa, and home to the University of Limpopo. It is a university township. Mankweng or Turfloop is also the de facto name for the neighbourhoods surrounding the township and the university, though relatively small to the likes of Grahamstown. It is located about 27 km east of Polokwane on the R71 road to Moria and Tzaneen.
2010 Supertaça Compal
The 2010 Supertaça Compal was the first edition of the Supertaça Compal, taking place in Luanda, Angola from April 2 to 4, 2010. It was contested by four teams from Portugal and Angola in a single round robin system. Benfica of Portugal was the winner and Miguel Lutonda from Primeiro de Agosto was the tournament's MVP.

Supertaça Compal
The Supertaça Compal (named after its major sponsor COMPAL) or Supertaça da Lusofonia (in English: SuperCup of the Lusophony) is an annual basketball tournament contested by the champions and cup winner teams from Lusophonic (Portuguese-speaking) countries. The event is jointly organized by the Basketball federations of Angola and Portugal.

The first edition of the tournament was played in 2010 between teams from Portugal and Angola. In 2012, a team from Mozambique was invited to play the tournament.
Eschweiler–Clarke reaction
The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. Reductive amination reactions such as this one will not produce quaternary ammonium salts, but instead will stop at the tertiary amine stage. It is named for the German chemist Wilhelm Eschweiler (1860–1936) and the British chemist Hans Thacher Clarke (1887–1972).

Formic acid
Formic acid (from Latin  formica 'ant'), systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid. It has the chemical formula HCOOH and structure H−C(=O)−O−H. This acid is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. Esters, salts, and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates. Industrially, formic acid is produced from carbon monoxide.
Glenn McCarthy
Glenn Herbert McCarthy (December 25, 1907 – December 26, 1988) was an American oil tycoon. The media often referred to him as "Diamond Glenn" and "The King of the Wildcatters". McCarthy was an oil prospector and entrepreneur who owned many businesses in various sectors of the economy. McCarthy founded the Shamrock Hotel in Houston, which garnered him national fame and inspired the fictional character Jett Rink in Edna Ferber's 1952 novel Giant which, in 1956, became a film, which starred James Dean in the role.

Giant (1956 film)
Giant is a 1956 American epic drama film directed by George Stevens, from a screenplay adapted by Fred Guiol and Ivan Moffat from Edna Ferber's 1952 novel. The film stars Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, and James Dean; and features Carroll Baker, Jane Withers, Chill Wills, Mercedes McCambridge, Dennis Hopper, Sal Mineo, Rod Taylor, Elsa Cárdenas, and Earl Holliman.

Giant was the last of Dean's three films as a leading actor, and earned him his second and final Academy Award nomination – he was killed in a car crash before the film was released. His friend Nick Adams was called in to do some voice dubbing for Dean's role.

In 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".
Ganoderma zonatum
Ganoderma zonatum is a plant pathogen that infects the palm species causing butt rot. It is a fungus that infects the bottom 122–152 centimeters (4–5 feet) of the plant also rotting the roots. It has been known to be in both natural and planted environments and in the majority of cases only in palms.

Butt rot
Butt rot is a disease of plants, mostly trees, caused by fungi. The fungus attacks the moist, poorly protected undersurface of a tree trunk's thickest part (the "butt" above the root, as opposed to "top"), where the end of the stem makes contact with the soil.  It may affect the roots as well, causing a disease known as root rot.  It then moves up into the interior of the plant, producing a roughly conical column of dead, rotted plant matter, up to one and a half meters long in severe cases.  Such an infection is likely to impair the transport properties of the xylem tissue found at the center of the stem. It also weakens the stem and makes the plant more vulnerable to toppling. One particularly virulent species of fungus associated with butt rot is Serpula himantioides.
Deep Creek, Florida
Deep Creek is a deed restricted unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. It lies 5.5 miles (8.9 km) East of Port Charlotte. The community is part of the Sarasota-Bradenton-Punta Gorda Combined Statistical Area. Deep Creek is served by utilities of both Punta Gorda and Port Charlotte. Deep Creek's mail is processed at the Punta Gorda post office, but telephone numbers in the area are registered as Port Charlotte.

Charlotte County, Florida
Charlotte County is a U.S. county located in southwestern Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 186,847. Its county seat is Punta Gorda.

Charlotte County comprises the Punta Gorda, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota Combined Statistical Area.
The Slighted Maid
The Slighted Maid is a 1663 comedy play by the English writer Robert Stapylton.

It was staged by the Duke's Company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre in London. The cast included Henry Harris as Salerno, Thomas Betterton as Iberio, Matthew Medbourne as Filomarini, William Smith as Lugo, Philip Cademan as Arviedo, John Young as Corbulo, Cave Underhill as Peralta, James Nokes as  Gioseppe, Samuel Sandford as Vindex, Anne Gibbs as  Decio, Jane Long as Diacelia and Mary Betterton as Pyramena.

John Young (stage actor)
John Young was an English stage actor of the seventeenth century. He was a member of the Duke's Company during the Restoration Era, appearing at Lincoln's Inn Fields and then at the Dorset Garden Theatre when the company relocated. Not much is known about his background. He was repeatedly in debt during his acting career. In 1667 he stood in for Thomas Betterton after he fell ill during the run of Macbeth appearing as the title role. The diarist Samuel Pepys described him as "a bad actor at best".
Replica Redux
Replica Redux is a 2012 extended version of the cult copy store comedy Replica, directed by Raymond Scott Daigle, which was originally released in 2008. Unlike the myriad festival cuts of the film, Replica Redux is nearly twice the running time at nearly 30 minutes.

The movie adds 16 minutes of all-new material, and represents a significant re-edit of the original which follows the night-in-the-lives of several "graveyard-shift workers at a Kinko's-type copy shop." The film stars Daedalus Howell who plays a beleaguered nightshift manager whose life collapses in the course of several hours and Josh Staples whose character is largely responsible for the mayhem. The film was photographed by Abe Levy, after hours, in a Fed-Ex Kinkos without corporate knowledge. Daigle released Replica Redux on YouTube in 2012.

Daedalus Howell
Daedalus Howell (born July 19, 1972) is an American writer, journalist, filmmaker, actor, conceptual artist, and radio host who lives and works in Petaluma, California.

He wrote the novels Quantum Deadline and The Late Projectionist and the essay collection I Heart Sonoma: How to Live and Drink in Wine Country. He is the writer-director of the feature films Pill Head and Werewolf Serenade. He hosted the podcast Daedalus Howell: Night School of the Mind and The Morning Show on KSVY 91.3 FM, Sonoma. Since 2019, he's served as the editor of the North Bay Bohemian and the Pacific Sun newspapers. In August 2025, Howell became the host of The Drive with Daedalus Howell, an afternoon talk show on Wine Country Radio's 95.5 FM broadcasting from Santa Rosa, CA.
YUNG (magazine)
YUNG is a quarterly magazine and online platform in the Middle East and North Africa celebrating global art, fashion, music and culture. It was founded by Sandra Yeghiazarian.

YUNG curates an annual collection called "The List" of change-makers, pioneers, and visionaries shaping the future of the MENA region and beyond. The List has featured artists such as Zeyne, Winfred Yavi, Rawdah Mohamed, Cairokee, May Calamawy, and Prince Gyasi. In April 2025, YUNG published a profile of future First Lady of New York City Rama Duwaji.

Rama Duwaji
Rama Sawaf Duwaji (born June 30, 1997) is an American animator, illustrator, and ceramist. Throughout her career, her illustrations have been featured in The New Yorker and The Washington Post, as well as at Vice, the BBC, Apple, and Tate Modern.

Duwaji is the current first lady of New York City, following the inauguration of her husband, Zohran Mamdani, as mayor of New York City in 2026.
Llangollen Farm
Llangollen Farm is an historic American horse and cattle farm located in western Loudoun County, Virginia on Trappe Rd. near Upperville at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Eight miles (13 km) from the town of Middleburg, the area is home to a number of prominent Thoroughbred-breeding farms and a large country estates.  The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

Upperville, Virginia
Upperville is a small unincorporated village in Fauquier County, Virginia, United States, along U.S. Route 50, fifty miles from downtown Washington, D.C. and near the Loudoun County line. Founded in the 1790s along Pantherskin Creek, it was originally named Carrstown by first settler Josephus Carr. Through an 1819 act passed by the Virginia General Assembly, the name was changed to Upperville.

John Updike wrote of Upperville in his sardonic 1961 poem "Upon Learning That a Town Exists Called Upperville".
1990–91 Santosh Trophy
The 1990–91 Santosh Trophy was the 47th edition of the Santosh Trophy, the main State competition for football in India. It was held in Palakkad, Kerala. Maharashtra defeated Kerala 1–0 in the final to win the competition for the second time. Kerala finished second for the fourth straight year.

The age restriction of 23 years was continued for this edition but removed from 1991–92. A separate tournament was started for that age group.

Matches were held in four zones and eight teams qualified for the final round in Palakkad. Goa and Kerala received direct qualification as the finalists of 1989–90.

Kerala football team
The Kerala football team, formerly known as Travancore-Cochin football team, is an Indian state level semi-professional football team representing Kerala in Indian state football competitions including the Santosh Trophy and National Games of India.

The team appeared in the Santosh Trophy finals 15 times, and have won the trophy 7 times. Kerala last won the Santhosh Trophy in 2022 by defeating Bengal in the final on 2 May at the Payyanadu Stadium in Malappuram. The Kerala team was captained by Jijo Joseph under head coach Bino George, being unbeaten during the tournament.
We're Talking Serious Money
We're Talkin' Serious Money (1992), also known as Serious Money, is an action comedy film  directed by James Lemmo. He also co-wrote the screenplay with Leo Rossi, who also stars in the film. Cinematography by Jacques Haitkin. It also stars: Dennis Farina, Fran Drescher, John LaMotta, Peter Iacangelo. It was produced by: Lisa M. Hansen, Harold Welb, Paul Hertzberg, who makes a small cameo in the film, Catalaine Knell, Guy J. Louthan, co-star Leo Rossi, and Harold Welb. The movie was filmed in Los Angeles, California, and New York City, New York. It was released by Grey Matter Entertainment and CineTel Films in the United States.

Leo Rossi
Leo Rossi (born June 26, 1946) is an American actor, writer and producer. He is a character actor known for his role as foul-mouthed EMT Vincent "Budd" Scarlotti in the 1981 horror film Halloween II, as the serial killer Turkell from the 1990 horror sequel Maniac Cop 2, and as Detective Sam Dietz in the Relentless franchise. His other films include Heart Like a Wheel (1983), River's Edge (1986), The Accused (1988), Analyze This (1999), One Night at McCool's (2001), and 10th & Wolf (2006).
Emiway Bantai
Bilal Shaikh (born 13 November 1995), known professionally as Emiway Bantai, is an Indian rapper from Mumbai, Maharashtra. The name Emiway combines "Emi" from Eminem and "Way" from Lil Wayne, while Bantai is Mumbai street-slang meaning "brother" or "dude".

He is a prominent figure in the Desi hip-hop community, creating songs in Hindi, English, and Marathi. Emiway gained prominence with his 2014 debut single "Aur Bantai" and was featured in the 2019 Bollywood film Gully Boy as himself, contributing to the soundtrack's "Asli Hip Hop".

Desi hip-hop
Desi hip hop is a term for music and culture which combines hip-hop with Indian influences ; the term desi referring to the Indian diaspora. The term has also come to be used as an alternative for rap music and even pop music which involves rappers of South Asian origins.
Memphis blues
The Memphis blues is a style of blues music created from the 1910s to the 1930s by musicians in the Memphis area, such as Frank Stokes, Sleepy John Estes, Furry Lewis and Memphis Minnie. The style was popular in vaudeville and medicine shows and was associated with Beale Street, the main entertainment area in Memphis.

W. C. Handy, the "Father of the Blues", published the song "The Memphis Blues" in 1909 and this was the first blues to be written down. In lyrics, the phrase has been used to describe a depressed mood.

Sleepy John Estes
John Adam Estes (January 25, 1899 or 1900 – June 5, 1977), known as Sleepy John Estes, was an American blues guitarist, songwriter and vocalist. His music influenced such artists as The Beatles, Bob Dylan and Led Zeppelin.
Walter Boas Medal
The Walter Boas Medal is awarded by the Australian Institute of Physics for research in Physics in Australia. It is named in memory of is named in memory of Walter Boas (1904-1982) — an eminent scientist and metallurgist who worked on the physics of metals.

Walter Boas
Walter Moritz Boas FAA (10 February 1904 – 12 May 1982) was a German-Australian metallurgist.

Boas was born in Berlin, Germany and was educated at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin; Dip. Engin. 1928, Dr.-Ing. 1930). After several positions at German and Swiss institutions, Boas became a lecturer in metallurgy at University of Melbourne in 1938; then from 1940 to 1947, senior lecturer. From 1947 to 1949, Boas was principal research officer, CSIR Division of Tribophysics; and from 1949 to 1969 chief of the division.

The Walter Boas Medal of the Australian Institute of Physics is named in his honour.
Blake Shinn
Blake Shinn (born 26 September 1987) is an Australian jockey, who rode the 2008 Melbourne Cup winner Viewed for trainer Bart Cummings.

As of early July 2025, Shinn has won 2,031 races, including 28 at Group One level. On Melbourne Cup day 2010, Blake Shinn missed his ride in the Cup on Precedence, after a fall in Race 3 at Flemington resulted in him being taken to hospital.

Shinn has also won:

the 2021 Hong Kong Classic Mile on Excellent Proposal for trainer John Size

the 2021 Hong Kong Sprint on Sky Field for trainer Caspar Fownes

the 2022 Hong Kong Champions & Chater Cup on Russian Emperor for Douglas Whyte

the 2022 Hong Kong Gold Cup on Russian Emperor for Douglas Whyte

Happy Clapper
Happy Clapper (25 October 2010 – April 2025) was a multiple Group 1-winning Australian-bred Thoroughbred racehorse.

He is also remembered for having run second on 5 occasions behind champion race mare Winx.
All Re-Mixed Up
All Re-Mixed Up is a remix album by Puscifer. It was released on August 27, 2013 by Puscifer Entertainment. It contains alternate versions, remixes and reworks of the 12 songs from Puscifer's second studio album, Conditions of My Parole. The album also features previous Puscifer contributors, such as Carina Round, and new musicians, such as Sir Mix-a-Lot, as remixers.

Samples of the entire album were released for streaming via Amazon on July 17, 2013. The entire album was streamed on Spin magazine's official website on August 20, 2013.

Sir Mix-a-Lot
Anthony L. Ray (born August 12, 1963), better known by his stage name Sir Mix-a-Lot or his CB handle Prime Minista, is an American rapper. He is best known for his 1992 hit song "Baby Got Back", which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.