hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Davidsbündlertänze
Davidsbündlertänze (Dances of the League of David), Op. 6, is a group of eighteen pieces for piano composed in 1837 by Robert Schumann, who named them after his music society Davidsbündler. The low opus number is misleading: the work was written after Carnaval, Op. 9, and the Symphonic Studies, Op. 13.

Davidsbündler
The Davidsbündler (League of David) was a music society created by German Romantic composer Robert Schumann in his writings. It was inspired by literary societies, real and imagined ones, such as the Serapionsbrüder (The Serapion Brethren) of ETA Hoffmann, however as Richard Taruskin noted, the concept was most realized in Schumann's reviews of his fellow composers and their aesthetic styles. The illusory group was created to defend the cause of contemporary music against its detractors to whom Schumann routinely called philistine.
Dobre Małe
Dobre Małe [ˈdɔbrɛ ˈmawɛ] (German: Klein Todenhagen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Będzino, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Będzino, 10 km (6 mi) west of Koszalin, and 129 km (80 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Będzino
Gmina Będzino is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Będzino, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Koszalin and 128 km (80 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 180.92 square kilometres (69.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,287.
1975 ABA playoffs
The 1975 ABA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the American Basketball Association's 1974–75 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Kentucky Colonels defeating the Western Division champion Indiana Pacers in the ABA Finals in five games.

George McGinnis
George F. McGinnis (August 12, 1950 – December 14, 2023) was an American professional basketball player who played 11 seasons in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Indiana Hoosiers, earning third-team All-American honors in 1971, before starting his pro career in the ABA with the Indiana Pacers. A three-time ABA All-Star with the Pacers, McGinnis was named the ABA Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1975 and won two ABA championships with the team. He was a three-time NBA All-Star with the Philadelphia 76ers. He was named to the ABA All-Time Team and inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
Thick description
In the social sciences and related fields, a thick description is a description of human social action that describes not just physical behaviors, but their context as interpreted by the actors as well, so that it can be better understood by an outsider. A thick description typically adds a record of subjective explanations and meanings provided by the people engaged in the behaviors, making the collected data of greater value for studies by other social scientists.

The term was first introduced by 20th-century philosopher Gilbert Ryle. However, the predominant sense in which it is used today was developed by anthropologist Clifford Geertz in his book The Interpretation of Cultures (1973) to characterise his own method of doing ethnography. Since then, the term and the methodology it represents has gained widespread currency, not only in the social sciences but also, for example, in the type of literary criticism known as New Historicism.

The Interpretation of Cultures
The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays is a 1973 book by the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz. The book is a foundational text in cultural anthropology and represents Geertz’s vision of how culture should be studied and understood. The essays collectively argue for a new approach to anthropology, one that emphasizes the interpretive analysis of culture, which Geertz describes as “webs of significance” spun by humans themselves. The book was listed in the Times Literary Supplement as one of the 100 most important publications since World War Two.
Lucky Bay
Lucky Bay is a bay located at 33°59′40″S 122°13′57″E﻿ / ﻿33.99444°S 122.23250°E﻿ / -33.99444; 122.23250 on the south coast of Western Australia, in the Cape Le Grand National Park. Located southeast of Esperance, the bay is a tourist spot known for its bright white sands and turquoise-coloured waters.

In May 2023, Lucky Bay was voted as the best beach in the world in a study based on the votes of over 750 travel professionals.

Cape Le Grand National Park
Cape Le Grand National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 631 km (392 mi) south-east of Perth and 56 km (35 mi) east of Esperance. The park covers an area of 31,801 hectares (78,580 acres).
The area is an ancient landscape which has been above sea level for well over 200 million years and remained unglaciated. As a result, the area is home to many primitive relict species.
Established in 1966, the park is managed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife.
The name Le Grand is from one of the officers on L'Espérance, one of the ships in the 1792 expedition of Bruni d'Entrecasteaux.

The locality of Cape Le Grand of the Shire of Esperance shares almost identical boundaries with the national park, the exception being a number of roads in the west of the park and locality, which are part of the later but not the former.
Tramways in Adelaide
The Adelaide tramways network served much of the inner suburbs and several outer suburbs of Adelaide, Australia, from 1878 until soon after World War II, when it started to decline. The sole Glenelg light rail line, which was the only route to survive the closures, did however remain in operation. After falling into a state of disrepair and neglect, in the 2000s the line underwent major civil engineering upgrades and, progressively, 5.5 kilometres (3.4 miles) of route extensions; and received a new tram fleet.

Adelaide Entertainment Centre
The Adelaide Entertainment Centre (AEC) is an indoor arena located in Adelaide. It is used for sporting and entertainment events. It is the principal venue for concerts, events and attractions for audiences between 1,000 and 11,300.

It is located on Port Road in the suburb of Hindmarsh, just north-west of the Adelaide city centre. With modern architecture and acoustics, function rooms and catering, the Adelaide Entertainment Centre provides a live entertainment venue for hundreds of thousands of people each year.

In 2010 the Adelaide Entertainment Centre completed a $52 million redevelopment with a new entry and theatre complex.
Black River First Nation
Black River First Nation (sometimes Little Black River First Nation; Ojibwe: Makadewaagamijiwanoonsing) is an Ojibwa First Nation located around O'Hanley, Manitoba, along the O'Hanley and Black Rivers, on the eastern shore of Lake Winnipeg.

It is 32 km (20 mi) north of Pine Falls, and around 150 km (93 mi) north of Winnipeg. Though geographically situated in Eastern Manitoba, it is more so administratively a part of Northern Manitoba. Its reserve is called Black River 5 Indian Reserve, which spans 8.093 km2 (2,000 acres) and whose population was 521 as of the 2011 census.

In January 2008, the total registered population of the First Nation was 977, of which the on-reserve population was 701.

The settlement is accessible by an all-weather road (via PR 304) and 4 km of municipal road.

First Nations in Manitoba
First Nations in Manitoba constitute of over 160,000 registered persons as of 2021, about 57% of whom live on reserve. Manitoba is second to Ontario in total on-reserve population and in total First Nation population.

There are 63 First Nations in the province and five indigenous linguistic groups. The languages are Nēhiyawēwin, Ojibwe, Dakota, Oji-Cree, and Dene.

First Nations are listed by common usage names but other names may be applied in certain areas; for example, "Cree Nation" and "First Nation" is applied to certain bands on the same reserve.
Economy of Wales
The economy of Wales is part of the wider economy of the United Kingdom, and encompasses the production and consumption of goods, services and the supply of money in Wales.

On the whole, gross domestic product (GDP) in Wales has increased since 1999, although it remains lower than the UK average. UK government and Welsh government expenditure in Wales has also increased over the same period. Wales has received funding from the European Structural and Investment Funds and the UK government has announced that this funding is being replaced by the UK Shared Prosperity Fund, although the Welsh Government has suggested that Wales is receiving less money. Wales has a negative fiscal balance, although all countries and regions of the UK also had a fiscal deficit in 2020/21. The Gross Value Added in Wales has increased since 1998, but per head remains lower than the UK average.

Development Bank of Wales
The Development Bank of Wales (branded as simply Banc; Welsh: Banc Datblygu Cymru) is a Welsh development bank that provides financial support for Welsh businesses, property developers and homeowners and is owned by the Welsh Government. The bank provides loans for businesses to start up, scale and grow and also provides equity investments for early stage and established businesses.
Jenni Russell
Jenni Cecily Russell (born 16 July 1960) is a British journalist and broadcaster. She is a columnist for The Times, a contributing writer for The New York Times, and a book reviewer for The Sunday Times. She has been a columnist for The Guardian and written the political column for London Evening Standard.

She worked for many years at the BBC and ITN, latterly as editor of The World Tonight on BBC Radio 4. She is married to Stephen Lambert, a media executive, and lives in London.

Stephen Lambert (media executive)
Stephen Lambert OBE (born 22 March 1959) is an English television producer and executive who works in Britain and America. He is the chief executive of Studio Lambert, one of All3Media's production companies, which produces Gogglebox, Undercover Boss, Squid Game: The Challenge, Race Across the World, The Circle and The Traitors. It also produces scripted series including Three Girls, The Nest and Boarders.

In Lambert's previous job at the independent production company RDF, he was responsible for global unscripted hits such as Wife Swap, Faking It and The Secret Millionaire.
Henry Willoughby, 5th Baron Middleton
Henry Willoughby, 5th Baron Middleton (19 December 1726 – 14 June 1800), was an English nobleman, the son of Hon. Thomas Willoughby.

He was born at York in 1726 and entered Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1745. He succeeded his father in 1742, inheriting Birdsall House. In 1757, he served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire. He succeeded his cousin Thomas Willoughby to the Middleton barony and estates (Wollaton Park and Middleton Hall, Warwickshire) in 1781.

He married Dorothy Cartwright in 1756 and lived in the family seat at Wollaton Park, Nottinghamshire. They had three children:

Henry Willoughby, 6th Baron Middleton (1761–1835)

Hon. Dorothy Willoughby (d. 13 April 1824, married on 24 November 1784 Richard Langley of Wykeham Abbey

Hon. Henrietta Willoughby (d. March 1846), married Richard Lumley-Saunderson, 6th Earl of Scarbrough

His memorial is in St. Leonard's Church, Wollaton.

St Leonard's Church, Wollaton
St Leonard's Church is a Church of England parish church in Wollaton, Nottinghamshire, England. Dating originally from the 13th century, the church was restored in the Victorian era and again in the 20th century. It is notable for the large number of funerary monuments it contains. Many are to the Willoughby family, of nearby Wollaton Hall. There is also a memorial to Robert Smythson, designer of the hall, and one of the first English architects. The church is a Grade II* listed building.
Sonoran hot dog
The Sonoran hot dog is a style of hot dog that originated in Hermosillo, the capital of the Mexican state of Sonora, in the late 1980s, though some theorize its existence as early as the 1940s. It is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona.  It consists of a hot dog that is wrapped in bacon and grilled, served on a bolillo-style hot dog bun, and topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, and a variety of additional condiments, often including mayonnaise, mustard, and jalapeño salsa.

The Sonoran hot dog is prepared and sold by vendors called "dogueros" at street carts. It was estimated in 2009 that over 200 places in Tucson purveyed the Sonoran hot dog, and that Phoenix had even more.

In 2018, the restaurant El Guero Canelo won a James Beard award in the America's Classics category for their Sonoran hot dogs.

Bolillo
A bolillo (Spanish pronunciation: [boˈliʝo] in Mexico) or pan francés (in Central America, meaning "French bread") is a type of savory bread made in Mexico and Central America. It is a variation of the baguette, but shorter in length, and is often baked in a stone oven. Brought to Mexico City in the 1860s by Emperor Maximilian's troupe of cooks, its use quickly spread throughout the country.

It is roughly 15 centimeters (5.9 in) long, in the shape of an ovoid (similar to an American football), with a crunchy crust and a soft inside known as migajón (Spanish pronunciation: [miɣaˈxon], literally "big crumb"). It is the main ingredient for tortas and molletes. It has a slash on top made with a slashing tool or bread lame, which permits the exhaust of steam and the expansion of bread without stressing its skin. Other variations include bolillos made of alternate ingredients such as whole wheat, wheat germ, or flax.
Sortedam Lake
Sortedam Lake (Danish: Sortedams Sø) is a lake at Copenhagen in Denmark. A vertical slope was added in the area in 1929. In September 2012 it was announced that there were plans to build a floating bridge on the lake, and construction material left from digging tunnels would be placed on the eastern part of Sortedam in the Østerbrogade (‘Lille Trianglen’) area. Painter Christen Købke lived near the lake in the 1830s, and painted Efterårsmorgen ved Sortedamssøen in 1838.

Efterårsmorgen ved Sortedamssøen
Efterårsmorgen ved Sortedamssøen (Autumn Morning on Lake Sortedam) is an oil painting by Christen Købke, one of the leading artists in the Golden Age of Danish Painting. Included in the 2006 Danish Culture Canon, the painting hangs in Copenhagen's Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek.
The Professional (1981 film)
The Professional (original title: Le Professionnel; French pronunciation: [lə pʁɔfɛsjɔˈnɛl]) is a 1981 French action thriller film directed by Georges Lautner. The film stars Jean-Paul Belmondo as the title role. The film is based on the award-winning 1976 novel Death of a Thin-Skinned Animal by Patrick Alexander.

The film was a commercial success upon its theatrical release and was the fourth most watched feature film in France in 1981 behind La Chèvre, Raiders of the Lost Ark and The Fox and the Hound, selling 5,243,559 tickets.

The music was composed by Ennio Morricone, and the main theme "Chi Mai" became an instrumental hit and subsequent classic.

The famous final scene of the movie was made in Château de Maintenon.

Cyrielle Clair
Cyrielle Clair (born 1 December 1955) is a French actress. She has appeared in 55 films and television shows since 1978. Clair starred in the 1983 film La Belle captive, which was entered into the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival.
Makoto Kobayashi
Makoto Kobayashi (小林 誠, Kobayashi Makoto; born April 7, 1944) is a Japanese physicist known for his work on CP-violation who was awarded one-fourth of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."

Spontaneous symmetry breaking
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a spontaneous process of symmetry breaking, by which a physical system in a symmetric state spontaneously ends up in an asymmetric state. In particular, it can describe systems where the equations of motion or the Lagrangian obey symmetries, but the lowest-energy vacuum solutions do not exhibit that same symmetry. When the system goes to one of those vacuum solutions, the symmetry is broken for perturbations around that vacuum even though the entire Lagrangian retains that symmetry.
Listed buildings in Doddington, Cheshire
Doddington is a former civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contained eight buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.  Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest grade, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II.  Much of the parish was occupied by Doddington Park, which contains all the listed buildings.  The major buildings are Doddington Hall and its predecessor, Delves Hall.  The other listed structures include stables and a boathouse associated with Doddington Hall, and Demesne Farm with associated buildings.

Delves Hall
Delves Hall, also known as Doddington Castle, is a fortified structure in Doddington Park to the north of Doddington Hall in the civil parish of Doddington, Cheshire, England.  It is designated by Historic England as a Grade I listed building.
Aetna Township, Logan County, Illinois
Aetna Township is located in Logan County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 535 and it contained 228 housing units. Chestnut, Illinois and Bakerville, Illinois are the only communities in the township.

Aetna Township most likely derives its name from Mount Etna.

Logan County, Illinois
Logan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 27,987. Its county seat is Lincoln.

Logan County comprises the Lincoln, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Springfield-Jacksonville-Lincoln, IL Combined Statistical Area.
.32 S&W
The .32 S&W is a straight-walled, centerfire, rimmed handgun cartridge (also known as the .32 S&W Short), and was originally designed as a black powder cartridge. It was introduced in 1878 for Smith & Wesson pocket revolvers.  The .32 S&W was offered to the public as a light defense cartridge for "card table" distances.

The .32 S&W Short was the basis for several other .32-caliber handgun cartridges. The .32 S&W Short can safely be fired in guns chambered for .32 S&W Long, .32 H&R Magnum and .327 Federal Magnum.

Iver Johnson
Iver Johnson was an American firearms manufacturer from 1871 to 1993. Named after its founder, Norwegian-born Iver Johnson (1841–1895), the company also produced bicycles and motorcycles in its early days.

The name was acquired by Squires Bingham International, which renamed itself Iver Johnson Arms in 2006. As it does not manufacture parts or provide information relating to the pre-1993 company, it represents a continuation of it in name only.
Band of Angels
Band of Angels is a 1957 American drama film set in the American South before and during the American Civil War, based on the 1955 novel of the same title by Robert Penn Warren. It was directed by Raoul Walsh and stars Clark Gable, Yvonne De Carlo and Sidney Poitier.

Patric Knowles
Patric Knowles (born Reginald Lawrence Knowles; 11 November 1911 – 23 December 1995) was an English film actor. Born in Horsforth, West Riding of Yorkshire, he later changed his name to reflect his Irish heritage.  He made his film debut in 1932, and played either first or second film leads throughout his career. He appeared in films from the 1930s to the 1970s.
Leonid Kharitonov (actor)
Leonid Vladimirovich Kharitonov (Russian: Леонид Владимирович Харитонов; 1930–1987) was a Soviet and Russian theatre and film actor. He played in the films Private Ivan, Ivan Brovkin on the State Farm and Street Full of Surprises. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1972).

Incognito from St. Petersburg
Incognito from St. Petersburg (Russian: Инкогнито из Петербурга, romanized: Inkognito iz Peterburga) is a 1977 Soviet historical crime comedy film directed by Leonid Gaidai, based upon Nikolai Gogol's play, The Government Inspector.
Victor Conrad
Victor Conrad (1876-1962) was an Austrian-American physicist, seismologist, and meteorologist. He was the first director of the Austrian seismological service and a reputed academician of international accomplishment. He was politically victimized twice, in 1919 for his ethnicity and in 1934 as a socialist. He emigrated to the United States in 1938, continuing his academic career in New York, California, and Cambridge. Conrad's scientific work is documented in more than 240 papers concerning meteorology, climatology and seismology. In 1944, he published "Methods in Climatology" (Harvard University Press). Later editions, starting in 1950, listed Leo W. Pollak, as second author. He was the first to deduce the continental crust transition structure which is now named the Conrad discontinuity.

Leo Wenzel Pollak
Leo Wenzel Pollak (September 23, 1888 in Prague – November 24, 1964 in Dublin) was a geophysicist, meteorologist and pioneer in scientific data processing. His career was spent at the Geophysical Institute in Prague, where he rose to the rank of professor and director (1911-1939), the Irish Meteorological Service (1939-1947), and the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (1947-1963).

In 1950, he was credited as the second author of the second edition of Victor Conrad's 1944 book, "Methods in Climatology."
Hashem Abd al-Rahman
Sheikh Hashem Abd al-Rahman (Arabic: هاشم عبد الرحمن) also known as Hashem Abdul Rahman, was mayor of Umm al-Fahm, an Israeli Arab city in the Wadi Ara region of Israel.

A member of the Islamic Movement party in Israel, al-Rahman served as deputy mayor between 1989 and 1998. During Abd al-Rahman's term a project was inaugurated to boost Jewish tourism to Umm al-Fahm.

Umm al-Fahm
Umm al-Fahm (Arabic: أمّ الفحم pronunciationⓘ, Umm al-Faḥm; Hebrew: אוּם אֶל-פַחֶם Um el-Faḥem) is a city located 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of Jenin in the Haifa District of Israel. In 2023 its population was 59,319, nearly all of whom are Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel. The city is situated on the Umm al-Fahm mountain ridge, the highest point of which is Mount Iskander (522 metres (1,713 feet) above sea level), overlooking Wadi Ara. Umm al-Fahm is the social, cultural and economic center for residents of the Wadi Ara and Triangle regions.
North College Hill High School
North College Hill High School is a public high school in North College Hill, Ohio.  It is the only high school in the North College Hill City Schools district and has an enrollment of approximately 400 to 450 students.

North College Hill, Ohio
North College Hill is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The population was 9,663 at the 2020 census. Located about 10 miles (16 km) north of downtown Cincinnati, the city takes its name from its proximity to the Cincinnati neighborhood of College Hill (formerly Pleasant Hill), which borders it to the south.
Smith–Volterra–Cantor set
In mathematics, the Smith–Volterra–Cantor set (SVC), ε-Cantor set, or fat Cantor set is an example of a set of points on the real line that is nowhere dense (in particular it contains no intervals), yet has positive measure. The Smith–Volterra–Cantor set is named after the mathematicians Henry Smith, Vito Volterra and Georg Cantor.  In an 1875 paper, Smith discussed a nowhere-dense set of positive measure on the real line, and Volterra introduced a similar example in 1881.  The Cantor set as we know it today followed in 1883. The Smith–Volterra–Cantor set is topologically equivalent to the middle-thirds Cantor set.

Henry John Stephen Smith
Henry John Stephen Smith (2 November 1826 – 9 February 1883) was an Irish mathematician and amateur astronomer remembered for his work in elementary divisors, quadratic forms, and Smith–Minkowski–Siegel mass formula in number theory. In matrix theory he is visible today in having his name on the Smith normal form of a matrix.  Smith was also first to discover the Cantor set.