hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Harckham
Peter Harckham (born September 16, 1960) is an American businessman and politician from the State of New York. A Democrat, Harckham represents Senate District 40 in the New York State Senate. He was first elected in 2018, defeating incumbent Terrence Murphy. The 40th district includes parts of Rockland, Putnam and Westchester counties in the Hudson Valley.

Before serving in the Senate, Harckham was a member of the Westchester County Board of Legislators and served in the administration of Andrew Cuomo.

Putnam County, New York
Putnam County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,668. The county seat is Carmel, within one of the county's six towns. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Putnam County is bordered by Dutchess County to the north, Connecticut and its county of Fairfield to the east,  Westchester County to the south, and the Hudson River and Orange County to the west. Midtown Manhattan is around a one-hour drive, and the county is included in the New York metropolitan area.

Putnam County was formed in 1812 from Dutchess County and is named for Israel Putnam, a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War.

It is one of the most affluent counties in America, ranked 21st by median household income, and 43rd by per-capita income, according to the 2012 American Community Survey and 2009–2013 American Community Survey, respectively.
Paul Diwakar
N. Paul Divakar is a Dalit activist and former General Secretary of the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights, based in Delhi, India. He was formerly the General Secretary of the Dalit Bahujan Shramik Union, a Dalit-Bahujan rights organisation in Andhra Pradesh.

National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights
National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR), founded in 1998, now comprises four operational strands, each working to eradicate caste-based discrimination against Dalits in India. It is based in Delhi and has chapters elsewhere in the country. It has stated its aims to be achieving greater visibility for Dalit issues and holding the state, in the form of its criminal justice system, accountable for its alleged failures.
Patric Zimmerman
Patric Laine Zimmerman (born October 10, 1954 in Los Angeles, California) is a retired American voice actor. He is best known for voicing Revolver Ocelot in the English-language version of the Metal Gear series from 1998 to 2008.

Yo Yogi!
Yo Yogi! is an American animated television series, and the seventh entry in the Yogi Bear franchise, produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions that aired from September 14 to December 7, 1991, on NBC for 13 episodes.
Marine evacuation system
A marine evacuation system (MES) is a lifesaving device found on many modern passenger ships or oil rigs consisting of an inflatable slide or escape chute where a passenger can evacuate straight into waiting life rafts. Developed in 1979 by RFD, a New Zealand–based company that distributes safety equipment; MES is replacing traditional davit-launched life rafts used on ships.

MESs are common on high speed craft, where weight and evacuation times must be kept to a minimum, although many conventional ferries and cruise ships are now fitting MESs to complement or replace lifeboats.

The main manufacturers of MES are Survitec Group (RFD Beaufort and Brude Safety) Zodiac, Viking, ALBE Engineering & Consulting GmbH in Germany and Liferaft Systems Australia. They take very little space on deck, positioned on the front of the embarkation deck and on the sides of the ship. MES requires little time and effort to assemble, which is crucial in times of emergency.

Escape chute
An escape chute is a special kind of emergency exit, used where conventional fire escape stairways are impractical. The chute is a fabric (or occasionally metal) tube installed near a special exit on an upper floor or roof of a building, or a tall structure. During use, the chute is deployed, and may be secured at the bottom by a fire fighting crew some distance out from the building. Once the tube is ready, escapees enter the tube and slide down to a lower level or the ground level.
Varg Veum
Varg Veum is the central character in a series of crime novels, written by the Norwegian author Gunnar Staalesen, about a private detective  who lives in Bergen, on the west coast of Norway. The books have been translated into several languages, including English, Spanish, German, and Swedish.

In the series there are 20 novels, two short story compilations and an additional short story, a collaboration (1993) with writer Fredrik Skagen, in which Veum meets a hero of Skagen's books, Morten Martens.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Chase Tower (Chicago)
Chase Tower is a 60-story skyscraper in The Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Completed in 1969, it is located at 10 South Dearborn Street. At 850 feet (259 m) tall, it is the fourteenth-tallest building in Chicago and the tallest building inside the Chicago 'L' Loop elevated tracks, and, as of May 2022, the 66th-tallest in the United States. JPMorgan Chase has its U.S. and Canada commercial and retail banking headquarters here. The building is also the headquarters of Exelon.
The building and its plaza (known as Exelon Plaza) occupy the entire block bounded by Clark, Dearborn, Madison, and Monroe streets.

Madison Street (Chicago)
Madison Street is a major east–west street in Chicago, Illinois. Prior to human intervention, in the early 19th century the Chicago River after forming a large bend emptied into Lake Michigan at the present day intersection of Madison Street and Michigan Avenue.  The street was laid out in the first plat of Chicago. Since 1908, it has served as the address origen between North and South on the Chicago street grid.

Notable buildings located along Madison Street include the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Chase Tower, Three First National Plaza, the Chicago Civic Opera House, Citigroup Center and the United Center. The West Side's United Center is across Madison Street from the former site of the Chicago Stadium, "the Madhouse on Madison" (demolished in 1995).
Circuito Sur de Oriente
The Circuito Sur de Oriente (CSO), meaning "Southern Circuit of the Orient", is a west-east highway connecting Bayamo to Santiago de Cuba, through Manzanillo, Niquero and the southern coastal side of eastern Cuba, below the Sierra Maestra mountain range. Also known as Circuito Guacanayabo-Sur de Oriente, because it crosses the Gulf of Guacanayabo, the name Oriente (meaning "Orient"), refers to the ancient and former Oriente Province. With a length of 347 km, it is the fourth-longest Cuban highway after the "Carretera Central", the "Circuito Norte" and the "Circuito Sur".

Guamá, Cuba
Guamá is a municipality in the Santiago de Cuba Province of Cuba. The municipal seat is located in the town of Chivirico. It was named after Guamá, the Taíno cacique who led a rebellion against the Spanish 1530s.
Bandy in Norway
The Norwegian bandy season starts with the Kosa Open where the winner of the elite section qualifies for the Kopa Cup. Eight teams then contest the Norwegian Bandy Premier League. The league system comprises four leagues, with nineteen different clubs as well as ten B teams.

Norwegian Bandy Premier League
The Norwegian Bandy Premier League Norwegian: Eliteserien is the top level of bandy in Norway. National bandy champions have been named yearly since 1912, but the league was only founded in 1932.

The league consists of eight teams. After the regular league, the leading teams goes to a play-off which decides what team will be the Norwegian champion. Since 1976, the winner of the league is formally awarded the title league champion (Norwegian: seriemester), a title which however is not counted to be worth as much as the national championship title. Stabæk Idrettsforening won the final in 2016.
Ray (optics)
In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow.  Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by dividing the real light field up into discrete rays that can be computationally propagated through the system by the techniques of ray tracing. This allows even very complex optical systems to be analyzed mathematically or simulated by computer.  Ray tracing uses approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations that are valid as long as the light waves propagate through and around objects whose dimensions are much greater than the light's wavelength.  Ray optics or geometrical optics does not describe phenomena such as diffraction, which require wave optics theory. Some wave phenomena such as interference can be modeled in limited circumstances by adding phase to the ray model.

Physical optics
In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in optical communication, which is studied in the sub-branch of coherence theory.
George Edward Bonsor Saint Martin
George Edward Bonsor Saint Martin (March 30, 1855 – August 1930) was a French-born British historian, painter, and archaeologist who is known for the discovery and study of several sites in Spain–including the necropolis and amphitheater at Carmona–parts of the ancient Roman town of Baelo Claudia in Cádiz, and the Setefilla zone in Lora del Río. He was also known as an advocate for the preservation of archaeological sites.

Baelo Claudia
Baelo Claudia was an ancient Roman town in Hispania, located 22 kilometres (14 mi) outside of Tarifa, near the village of Bolonia, in southern Spain. Situated on the shore of the Strait of Gibraltar, the town began as a fishing village and trading hub when it was settled approximately 2,000 years ago. Although a prosperous town at the time of Emperor Claudius, it went into a decline partially fueled by earthquakes and was abandoned by the 6th century.

The study of its architectural remains shows that the Roman town originated at the end of the 2nd century BC, and from the beginning possessed a great wealth that made it an important economic center in the Mediterranean area.
John Greenwood (divine)
John Greenwood (1556 – 6 April 1593) was an English Separatist Puritan, or Brownist, minister who was executed for his faith. He led the London underground church from 1587 to 1593 and wrote several works of Brownist apologetics, working closely with Henry Barrow.

Brownists
The Brownists were a Christian group in 16th-century England. They were a group of English Dissenters or early Separatists from the Church of England. They were named after Robert Browne, who was born at Tolethorpe Hall in Rutland, England, in the 1550s. The terms Brownists or Separatists were used to describe them by outsiders; they were known as Saints among themselves.

A majority of the Separatists aboard the Mayflower in 1620 were Brownists, and the Pilgrims were known into the 20th century as the Brownist Emigration.

The Brownists were eventually absorbed into the Mennonite Church, while others joined the Baptist Church.
Ndumeti
Ndumeti is an administrative ward in Siha District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 560 km2 (220 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 1,297 m (4,255 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 11,344.

Siha District, Kilimanjaro
Siha is one of the seven administrative districts of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. The district covers approximately 1,217 square kilometres (470 mi2). It is bordered to the west by Meru District in Arusha Region and to the northeast by Rombo District and the southeast Hai District. The western part of Mount Kilimanjaro is located within the district's boundaries. The district covers the former Chagga state of  Siha.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of Siha District was 139,019.
Marina Volnova
Marina Ivanovna Volnova (Russian: Мари́на Ива́новна Вольно́ва; born 26 July 1989 in Kzyl-Orda, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union) is a Kazakhstani female amateur boxer.  She won the bronze medal in the Women's boxing middleweight 75kg category in the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Kyzylorda
Kyzylorda is a city in south-central Kazakhstan, capital of Kyzylorda Region and former capital of the Kazakh ASSR from 1925 to 1927.

The city has a population of 242,462 (2020). It historically developed around the Syr Darya river and was the site of a Kokand fortress. The population of the city with nearby villages is 312,861 (2020).
Paul Britten Austin
Paul Britten Austin (5 April 1922 – 25 July 2005) was an English author, translator, broadcaster, administrator, and scholar of Swedish literature.

He is known in particular for his translations of and books on the Swedish musician, singer and poet Carl Michael Bellman, including his prizewinning book The Life and Songs of Carl Michael Bellman. He also translated books by many other Swedish authors.

Alongside his work on Swedish literature, Austin spent 25 years assembling a trilogy of history books, 1812: Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, telling the story of Napoleon Bonaparte's failed campaign entirely through eyewitness accounts.

Sven-Bertil Taube
Sven-Bertil Gunnar Evert Taube (24 November 1934 – 11 November 2022) was a Swedish singer and actor. Internationally, he was perhaps better known for his acting career. Taube played Henrik Vanger in the film The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, and the lead role in Puppet on a Chain.
Poonguzhali
Poonguzhali is a fictional character from the Tamil historical novel, Ponniyin Selvan, written by Kalki Krishnamurthy. Poonguzhali is the niece of Mandakini Devi. She was the wife of Senthan Amuthan, who later became Uttama Chola. Their marriage made Poonguzhali the aunt of Arulmozhi Varman. She was a friend of Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan, who was one of the protagonists in the novel. Aishwarya Lekshmi portrayed the character in PS-1 and PS-2.

Aishwarya Lekshmi
Aishwarya Lekshmi (born 6 September 1991) is an Indian actress and producer who works predominantly in Malayalam and Tamil films. She has received one Filmfare Award South, one Tamil Nadu State Film Award, one Kerala Film Critics Association Award and three SIIMA Awards.

Aishwarya Lekshmi made her acting debut with the 2017 Malayalam film Njandukalude Nattil Oridavela, which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South. She went on receive praises for Mayaanadhi (2017), Varathan (2018), Kaanekkaane (2021), the two-part Tamil epic Ponniyin Selvan: I (2022), which is her highest grossing releases and Ponniyin Selvan: II (2023), Ammu (2022), Kumari (2022), Gatta Kusthi (2022), Hello Mummy (2024) and Maaman (2025).
Boys of Steel
Boys of Steel: The Creators of Superman is a picture book written by Marc Tyler Nobleman and illustrated by Ross MacDonald. It is the first picture book biography of Superman creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, and is the first ever stand-alone biography of the pair.

Jerry Siegel
Jerome "Jerry" Siegel (/ˈsiːɡəl/ SEE-gəl; October 17, 1914 – January 28, 1996) was an American comic book writer. He was the co-creator of Superman, in collaboration with his friend Joe Shuster, published by DC Comics. They also created Doctor Occult, who was later featured in The Books of Magic. Siegel and Shuster were inducted into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1992 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1993. With Bernard Baily, Siegel also co-created the long-running DC character The Spectre. Siegel created ten of the earliest members of the Legion of Super-Heroes, one of DC's most popular team books, which is set in the 30th Century. Siegel also used pseudonyms including Joe Carter and Jerry Ess.
Michelle Rojas
Michelle  Rojas (née Pennington; born December 16, 1987) is an American voice actress and director who is the founder and owner of Studio Nano. Some of her major roles are Tohka Yatogami in Date A Live, Zuikaku in Azur Lane, Kanade Sakurada in Castle Town Dandelion, Mikoto Sakuragawa in Gonna be the Twin-Tail!!, Kō Yagami in New Game!, Nashiro Yasuhisa in Tokyo Ghoul, Maya Sato in Classroom of the Elite, Toka Yada in Assassination Classroom, Shion in That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime, Roxy Migurdia in Mushoku Tensei: Jobless Reincarnation, and Yamato in One Piece.

Gonna be the Twin-Tail!!
Gonna be the Twin-Tail!! (Japanese: 俺、ツインテールになります。, Hepburn: Ore, Tsuintēru ni Narimasu; lit. "I Will Become Twintailed"), abbreviated OreTwi (俺ツイ), is a Japanese light novel series written by Yume Mizusawa and illustrated by Ayumu Kasuga. Shogakukan has published 22 volumes under their Gagaga Bunko imprint since June 2012.

The series follows an young male high school student with an extraordinary love for pig tails (or "twin tails") where he encountered a mysterious girl from another universe while monsters begin attacking the city, declaring they will drain the world's energy in the name of the Twintails. He would then transform him into a female Twintail warrior.

An anime adaptation produced by Production IMS aired in Japan from October 9 to December 25, 2014.
Nasvadi State
Nasvadi State was a minor princely state during the British Raj in what is today Gujarat State India. It was initially administered by the Rewa Kantha Agency and then by the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency. It was part of the 28 Princely States making up the Sankheda Mehwas, estates dating from the fall of Pawagadh in 1484, by Rajputts settling on the south of the territory near the town of Sankheda, from which the Sankheda Mehwas derive their name. The state had a population of 6 536 and an area of 19.5 sq miles.

Baroda and Gujarat States Agency
Baroda and Gujarat States Agency was a political agency of British India, managing the relations of the British government of the Bombay Presidency with a collection of princely states.

The political agent, who was also Collector of the British District of the Panchmahal, resided at Baroda (Vadodara).
Polesie (association)
Polesie was a cultural association whose aim was the recognition of the local residents of West Polesie (called "Yotvingians" by the group) as a separate national minority and the autonomy of Western Polesie within Belarus.

West Polesian
West Polesian (захыднёполіськая мова, zakhydnyopolis'kaya mova, полісьська волода, polis's'ka voloda) is the East Slavic dialect group (or variety) spoken in southwestern Belarus, in northwestern Ukraine and adjoining regions of Poland. There is controversy regarding whether West Polesian belongs to Belarusian or Ukrainian, or is a separate microlanguage (as has been proposed by linguist Aleksandr Dulichenko).

Various variants or dialects of West Polesian are used in everyday speech. Attempts were made in the 1990s by Nikolai Shelyagovich to develop a standard written language, although his efforts received almost no support and the campaign eventually ceased. In particular, writer Nil Hilevich and some others spoke against  Shelyagovich, claiming that he represented a threat to the national integrity of Belarus, and labelled "Yotvingian separatism".
Fyrisvellir
Fyrisvellir, Fyris Wolds, or Fyrisvallarna, was the marshy plain (vellir) south of Gamla Uppsala where travellers had to leave the ships on the river Fyris (Fyrisån) and walk to the Temple at Uppsala and the hall of the Swedish king.

Temple at Uppsala
The Temple at Uppsala was long held to be a religious centre in the Norse religion once located at what became Gamla Uppsala (Swedish "Old Uppsala"), Sweden attested in Adam of Bremen's 11th-century work Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum and in Heimskringla, written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. Uppsala has for long been exposed to fanciful theories about the implications of these descriptions of the temple and of the findings of archaeological excavations in the area, including findings of extensive wooden structures and log lines from the 5th century which allegedly played a supporting role to activities at the site, including ritual sacrifice. According to sources from the later Middle Ages the temple was destroyed by King Inge the Elder in the 1080s, but there are no contemporary sources to support that.
String Quartet No. 3 (Bacewicz)
The String Quartet No. 3 is a composition for string quartet written in 1947 by Polish Composer Grażyna Bacewicz. The violinist-composer wrote this piece during her stay in Paris following the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, and it was later awarded the Polish Ministry of Culture Award in 1955 alongside her Symphony No.4 and Violin Concerto No.3. This quartet was the first to be initially published alongside quartets 4-7 before more recent reprintings of her prior quartets.

Grażyna Bacewicz
Grażyna Bacewicz Biernacka ([ɡraˈʐɨna baˈt͡sɛvit͡ʂ] ⓘ; 5 February 1909 – 17 January 1969) was a Polish composer and violinist of Lithuanian origin. She is the second Polish female composer to have achieved national and international recognition, the first being Maria Szymanowska in the early 19th century.
The Margaret Catchpole, Ipswich
The Margaret Catchpole is a pub in Cliff Lane, Ipswich in Suffolk, England. It is named after Margaret Catchpole, a servant of Elizabeth and John Cobbold of the Tolly Cobbold brewery. Built in 1936 by the local architect Harold Ridley Hooper for the Cobbold brewery, it is a Grade II* listed building. Most of its interior features have remained unaltered since the 1930s, making it one of the finest examples of this period in England. Since 2003 it has been part of the Holywells Park Conservation Area.

Margaret Catchpole
Margaret Catchpole (14 March 1762 – 13 May 1819) was an English servant girl, chronicler, and deportee to Australia. Born in Suffolk, she worked as a servant in various houses before being convicted of stealing a horse and escaping from Ipswich Gaol. Following her capture, she was transported to the Australian penal colony of New South Wales, where she remained for the rest of her life. Her entry in the Australian Dictionary of Biography describes her as "one of the few true convict chroniclers with an excellent memory and a gift for recording events".
Jersey Gods
Jersey Gods is a comic book published by Image Comics. It was written by Glen Brunswick, pencilled and inked by Dan McDaid, with colors by Rachelle Rosenberg. The covers were drawn by Mike Allred and coloured by Laura Allred. Alternative covers were also provided by Dan McDaid, Darwyn Cooke, Paul Pope and Whilce Porticio.
A back-up strip, Tales from the Great War, was written by Mark Waid and drawn by Joe Infurnari.
Prior to publication, teaser strips appeared in Popgun volume 2 and Invincible #55.

Darwyn Cooke
Darwyn Cooke (November 16, 1962 – May 14, 2016) was a Canadian comics artist, writer, cartoonist, and animator who worked on the comic books Catwoman, DC: The New Frontier, The Spirit and Richard Stark's Parker: The Hunter. His work has been honoured with numerous Eisner, Harvey, and Joe Shuster Awards.
1967 Koynanagar earthquake
The 1967 Koynanagar earthquake occurred near Koynanagar town in Maharashtra, India on 11 December local time. The magnitude 6.6 shock hit with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). It occurred near the site of Koyna dam, raising questions about induced seismicity, and claimed at least 177 lives and injured over 2,200.

Koyna Dam
The Koyna Dam is one of the largest dams in Maharashtra, India. It is a rubble-concrete dam constructed on Koyna River which rises in Mahabaleshwar, a hillstation in Sahyadri ranges. It is located in Koyna Nagar, Satara district, in the Western Ghats on the state highway between Chiplun (44 KM) and Karad (58 KM).