hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Project Forward (interstellar)
Project Forward was launched in 2011 with the purpose of exploring beamed energy propulsion. The project aims to analyze and assess past beamed-powered concepts, describe the construction of sail designs, and provide a starsail system concept. Challenges include lossy divergence of the beam as well as sail design at feasible sizes.

Beam-powered propulsion
Beam-powered propulsion, also known as directed energy propulsion, is a class of aircraft or spacecraft propulsion that uses energy beamed to the spacecraft from a remote power plant to provide energy. The beam is typically either a microwave or a laser beam, and it is either pulsed or continuous. A continuous beam lends itself to thermal rockets, photonic thrusters, and light sails. In contrast, a pulsed beam lends itself to ablative thrusters and pulse detonation engines.

The rule of thumb that is usually quoted is that it takes a megawatt of power beamed to a vehicle per kg of payload while it is being accelerated to permit it to reach low Earth orbit.

Other than launching to orbit, applications for moving around the world quickly have also been proposed.
The Sweeney (2012 film)
The Sweeney is a 2012 British action drama film, inspired by the 1970s  British television police drama The Sweeney, but set in contemporary London. Written and directed by Nick Love, from a story by Love and John Hodge, it is based on the characters created by Ian Kennedy Martin. It stars Ray Winstone as Jack Regan, Plan B (credited as Ben Drew) as George Carter, and Damian Lewis as Frank Haskins, with Allen Leech and Hayley Atwell.

The story focuses on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police. The Squad's purpose is to investigate commercial armed robberies, along with the prevention and investigation of other serious armed crime. The title is derived from Sweeney Todd, which is Cockney rhyming slang for "Flying Squad". The film was released on 12 September 2012.

Allen Leech
Allen Leech (born 18 May 1981) is an Irish actor. He is widely known for his roles as Tom Branson in the ITV period drama Downton Abbey (2010–2015) and Paul Prenter in the biopic Bohemian Rhapsody (2018).

Leech made his professional acting debut in the 1998 production of A Streetcar Named Desire, had his first major film role as Vincent Cusack in Cowboys & Angels (2003), and earned an Irish Film & Television Award nomination for his performance as Mo Chara in Man About Dog (2004). Leech also played Marcus Agrippa on the HBO historical drama series Rome (2007).
Lance Todd
Lancelot Beaumont "Lance" Todd (26 May 1883 – 14 November 1942) was a New Zealand-born rugby league footballer and manager of the early 20th century. As a player, he represented New Zealand in 1907 and 1908 and played in England for the Wigan and Dewsbury clubs. He later became the manager at Salford and led the club to three League Championships and one Challenge Cup victory.

1908–09 Northern Rugby Football Union season
The 1908–09 Northern Rugby Football Union season was the 14th season of rugby league football in the United Kingdom.

The governing body, the Northern Union (NU) decided to admit four extra clubs, all from Wales; Aberdare, Barry, Mid-Rhondda and Treherbert, to expand the Northern Rugby League to 31 clubs.  With six Welsh clubs in the league the NU also established a Welsh League along the same lines as the existing Lancashire and Yorkshire leagues.

Wigan won their first Championship this season beating Oldham 7–3 in the play-off final.  Wigan also ended the regular season as the league leaders. Oldham's appearance in the Championship final was the first time that a team from outside the top two in the league had reached the final.

Wigan won the Lancashire League. Halifax won the Yorkshire League. The Welsh League was won by Ebbw Vale.
Stephen Hansen
Stephen Hansen (28 September 1701 – 22 January 1770) was a Danish industrialist, businessman and General War Commissioner. He is most known for his involvement with Kronborg Rifle Factory in Hellebæk and for building Hellebækgård as well as the Stephen Hansen Mansion on the harbourfront in Helsingør..

Helsingør
Helsingør (/ˌhɛlsɪŋˈɜːr/ HEL-sing-UR, Danish: [helse̝ŋˈøɐ̯ˀ]; classically known in English as Elsinore (/ˈɛlsɪnɔːr, ˌɛlsɪˈnɔːr/ EL-sin-or, -⁠OR), is a coastal city in northeastern Denmark. Helsingør Municipality had a population of 63,953 on 1 January 2025, making it the 23rd most populated municipality in Denmark. Helsingør is located at the narrowest part of the Øresund strait and together with Helsingborg in Sweden, forms the northern reaches of the Øresund Region, centred on Copenhagen and Malmö. Helsingør is a ferry city, with the frequent departures on the HH Ferry route, which connects Helsingør with Helsingborg, 4 km (2.5 mi) across the Øresund.

Its castle Kronborg was used by William Shakespeare as the setting for his play Hamlet.
Gog Magog Hills
The Gog Magog Hills (known locally as the Gogs) are a range of low chalk hills extending for several miles to the southeast of Cambridge in England. The highest points are either side of the A1307 Babraham Road, and are marked on the Ordnance Survey map as Little Trees Hill and Wandlebury Hill, at 74 m (243 ft), and Telegraph Clump, at 75 m (246 ft). The area as a whole is undefined, but is roughly the elevated area lying northwest of the 41 m (135 ft) col at Worsted Lodge.

Unlike the nearby hills of the Newmarket Ridge, which have steep sides but flat tops, these hills have large drops between summits and as such have quite a distinctive appearance; Little Trees Hill looks particularly good from Huckeridge Hill near Sawston, and White Hill dominates the view from the National Cycle Route 11 section towards Great Shelford. The hills therefore have relatively high topographic prominence.

Sawston
Sawston is a large village in Cambridgeshire in England, situated on the River Cam about seven miles (11 km) south of Cambridge with a population of 7,271.

The village has historical roots dating back to medieval times and has landmarks such as Sawston Hall, a Grade I listed Tudor manor house, and St. Mary's Church, which dates back to the 13th century.

It is best known for its once notable paper and leather industry dating back to the 17th century and the opening of the first village college, Sawston Village College, in 1930.
Nikki: Wild Dog of the North
Nikki: Wild Dog of the North is a 1961 adventure film directed by Jack Couffer and Don Haldane. The plot, based on the novel Nomads of the North by James Oliver Curwood, centers around the adventures of a malamute dog named Nikki.

James Oliver Curwood
James Oliver Curwood (June 12, 1878 – August 13, 1927) was an American action-adventure writer and conservationist. His books were often based on adventures set in the Hudson Bay area, the Yukon or Alaska and ranked among the top-ten best sellers in the United States in the early and mid 1920s, according to Publishers Weekly. At least one hundred and eighty motion pictures have been based on or directly inspired by his novels and short stories; one was produced in three versions from 1919 to 1953. At the time of his death, Curwood was the highest paid (per word) author in the world.

He built Curwood Castle as a place to greet guests and as a writing studio in his hometown of Owosso, Michigan. The castle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is now operated by the city as a museum. The city commemorates him with an annual Curwood Festival.
Masao Yoshida (nuclear engineer)
Masao Yoshida (吉田 昌郎, Yoshida Masao; 17 February 1955 – 9 July 2013) was a nuclear engineer who served as plant manager of the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant during the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Naoto Kan
Naoto Kan (菅 直人, Kan Naoto; born 10 October 1946) is a Japanese former politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) from June 2010 to September 2011.

Kan was the first Prime Minister since the resignation of Junichiro Koizumi in 2006 to serve for more than one year, with his predecessors Yukio Hatoyama, Tarō Asō, Yasuo Fukuda, and Shinzo Abe either resigning prematurely or losing an election. On 26 August 2011, Kan announced his resignation. Yoshihiko Noda was elected as his successor.

On 1 August 2012, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced Kan would be one of the members of the UN high-level panel on the post-2015 development agenda.

Kan would announce his retirement from politics in November 2023. In February 2024 he would publish a memoir reflecting on his time in politics titled 'Fifty Years of Citizen Politics' (市民政治50年, Shimin Seiji 50-nen).
Nicole Moreno
Nicole Andrea Moreno (born 22 August 1987), also known as Luli (/ˈluːli/ LOO-lee) and Luli Love, is a Chilean model, dancer, panelist, fitness influencer and bodybuilder.

The winner of several beauty pageants in Chile, she was Queen of the Viña del Mar Festival in 2016, a title given by the entertainment press to the most outstanding woman of the Viñamarino festival.

Pampilla Festival
The Pampilla Festival (Spanish: Fiesta de la Pampilla; also known as Pampilla de Coquimbo or simply La Pampilla) is a Chilean celebration that takes place between 18 and 20 September every year in honor of the country's Fiestas Patrias – although it usually extends two days before or two days after those dates – in the esplanade of the same name, located in the city of Coquimbo. During this period, even weeks before activities begin, hundreds of families settle in tents and vehicles in the hills.
Kim Kwang-kyu (actor)
Kim Kwang-kyu (Korean: 김광규; born December 8, 1967) is a South Korean actor. He made his acting debut in 1999 in Dr. K, and its director fellow Busan native Kwak Kyung-taek later cast him in a small but memorable role as a physically abusive teacher in the 2001 box-office hit Friend. Kim continued acting in both television and film as a supporting actor, notably in Couple or Trouble (2006), The Secret of Coocoo Island (2008), Scent of a Woman (2011), and I Can Hear Your Voice (2013). He also appears on the reality shows I Live Alone (since 2013) and Three Meals a Day (2015).

Scent of a Woman (TV series)
Scent of a Woman (Korean: 여인의 향기; Hanja: 女人의 香氣) is a 2011 South Korean television drama series starring Kim Sun-a, Lee Dong-wook, Um Ki-joon and Seo Hyo-rim. It aired on SBS from July 23 to September 11, 2011 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.
Annaghdown
Annaghdown (from Irish Eanach Dhúin, meaning 'the marsh of the fort', pronounced [ˌanˠəx ˈɣuːnʲ]) is a civil parish in County Galway, Ireland. It lies around Annaghdown Bay, an inlet of Lough Corrib. Villages in the civil parish include Corrandulla, Cloonboo, and Annaghdown, a census settlement in the east of the parish, with Corrandrum National School located at its eastern end. The townland of Annaghdown is located at the western end of the parish.

Annaghdown is also an ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuam and the Church of Ireland Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe.

Cloonboo
Cloonboo (Irish: Cluain Bú), also Clonboo, is a village in County Galway, Ireland. It is located on the N84 national secondary road from Galway to Castlebar.

Cloonboo is in the civil parish of Annaghdown, in the barony of Clare.
Eastlake High School (Texas)
Eastlake High School is a school in unincorporated El Paso County, Texas, near Horizon City, Texas, United States, on the edge of El Paso. The school is in the Socorro Independent School District, and opened in 2010.

Horizon City, Texas
Horizon City is a city in El Paso County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 22,489, reflecting an increase of 5,754 from the 16,735 counted in the 2010 Census.
Pelland, Minnesota
Pelland is an unincorporated community in Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States, located along the Rainy River.

The community is located southwest of International Falls at the junction of U.S. Highway 71 (U.S. 71) and State Highway 11 (MN 11).

Pelland is located within Rainy Lake Unorganized Territory.

Nearby places include International Falls, Littlefork, and Loman. Pelland is located 11 miles southwest of International Falls and eight miles north of Littlefork. ZIP codes 56649 (International Falls), 56653 (Littlefork), and 56654 (Loman) all meet near Pelland.

Pelland is also known locally as Pelland Junction or the "Y". The Rainy River, the Big Fork River, and the Little Fork River are all in the vicinity.

Koochiching County, Minnesota
Koochiching County (/ˈkuːtʃɪtʃɪŋ/ KOO-chitch-ing) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,062. Its county seat is International Falls. A portion of the Bois Forte Indian Reservation is in the county. A small part of Voyageurs National Park extends into its boundary, with Lake of the Woods County to its northwest.
René A. Messa
René A. Messa was a college football player. He was a prominent running back for the LSU Tigers of Louisiana State University, selected All-Southern in 1904. He later played for the University of Havana, which played LSU in the Bacardi Bowl in 1907. He also punted.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Woodlawn, Mississippi
Woodlawn is an unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Mississippi. Woodlawn is located northeast of Columbus on Mississippi Highway 12. According to the United States Geological Survey, a variant name is Woods Lawn.

The Woodlawn Cumberland Presbyterian Church was founded in the community in 1869.

Mississippi Highway 12
Mississippi Highway 12 (MS 12) is a state highway in northern Mississippi that runs 198.7 miles (319.8 km) west–east from MS 1 west of Hollandale at the Mississippi River to State Route 18 (SR 18) at the Alabama state line northeast of Columbus. MS 12 traverses three major regions of the state, the Mississippi Delta, the  North Central Hills, and the Golden Triangle.
Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon
Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon (died 4 June 1155), feudal baron of Plympton in Devon, was the son of Richard de Redvers and his wife Adeline Peverel.

He was one of the first to rebel against King Stephen, and was the only first rank magnate never to accept the new king. He seized Exeter, and was a pirate out of Carisbrooke, but he was driven out of England to Anjou, where he joined the Empress Matilda. She made him Earl of Devon after she established herself in England, probably in early 1141.

He founded several monasteries, notably those of Quarr Abbey (1131), in the Isle of Wight, a priory at Breamore, Hampshire, and the Priory of St James, at Exeter. Some monastic chronicles call his father also Earl of Devon, but no contemporary record uses the title, including the monastic charters.

Carisbrooke
Carisbrooke is a village on the south-western outskirts of Newport, in the civil parish of Newport and Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight, England. It is best known as the site of Carisbrooke Castle. It also has a medieval parish church, St Mary's Church (overlooking the High Street, with views to the castle), which began as part of a Benedictine priory established by French monks c. 1150. The priory was dissolved by King Henry V of England in 1415, during the Hundred Years' War. In 1907, the church was restored. It has a 14th-century tower rising in five stages with a turret at one corner and a battlemented and pinnacled crown.

A Roman Villa was discovered in the Victorian era on the site of the old vicarage.
Durant High School (Oklahoma)
Durant High School (also known as Durant High and DHS) is a public secondary school in Durant, Oklahoma, serving grades 9, 10, 11, and 12. The school is part of the Durant Independent School District. Durant's mascot is the Lion. The high school has approximately 1,000 students, making it one of the largest high schools in Southeastern Oklahoma.

Durant Independent School District
Durant Independent School District is a public school district based in Durant, Oklahoma, United States. Durant ISD takes some students in from places such as Calera, Armstrong, Mead, Silo, Caddo, and Atoka. In terms of enrollment, Durant ISD is the largest public school district in Southeastern Oklahoma.
Repeat It
"Repeat It" is a song by American rappers Lil Tecca and Gunna, released on August 6, 2021, as the third single from his second mixtape We Love You Tecca 2 (2021). It was produced by Taz Taylor, Census and Nico Baran.

We Love You Tecca 2
We Love You Tecca 2 is the second studio album by American rapper Lil Tecca. It was released through Galactic and Republic Records on August 27, 2021, one day after his 19th birthday. The album contains guest appearances from Gunna, Iann Dior, Chief Keef, Trippie Redd, Nav, and Lil Yachty. It serves as the sequel to his 2019 mixtape, We Love You Tecca, and the album was released three days before the second anniversary of the mixtape.
Homecoming (The Wire)
"Homecoming" is the 31st episode of American crime drama The Wire, also the sixth episode of the show's third season. The episode was written by Rafael Alvarez from a story by David Simon & Rafael Alvarez and was directed by Leslie Libman. It originally aired on October 31, 2004, on HBO in the U.S. In the episode, the Baltimore police take action after seeing negative outcomes from their designated drug dealing zones, Stringer Bell encounters difficulties in entering the real estate business, and Omar Little tampers with a witness to the murder of Tosha.

The episode had nearly 1.4 million viewers and had positive reviews from The Guardian and HitFix.

Rafael Alvarez
Rafael Alvarez (born May 24, 1958) is an American author based in Baltimore and Los Angeles. Alvarez went to work for the Sunpapers of Baltimore as a teenager—first in the circulation department and then the horse racing desk in sports—before landing on the City Desk as a utility man and neighborhood folklorist. He was with The Sun from 1977 through 2001. After leaving the paper, Alvarez worked on ships as a laborer before joining the staff of the HBO drama The Wire. He also worked on the NBC crime dramas Life and The Black Donnellys.

Among his many books are two short story collections—The Fountain of Highlandtown and Orlo & Leini; a history of the Archdiocese of Baltimore; two anthologies of journalism—Hometown Boy and Storyteller; and The Tuerk House, a history of Baltimore's pioneering drug and alcohol treatment center for the poor. In 2010, he was nominated for an Edgar Award for The Wire: Truth Be Told, an encyclopedic companion to the television series.
The Many Hands
The Many Hands is a BBC Books original novel written by Dale Smith and based on the long-running science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Tenth Doctor and Martha Jones. It was published on 10 April  2008, alongside Martha in the Mirror and Snowglobe 7.

Dale Smith (writer)
Paul Dale Smith (born November 1976) is a writer and playwright from Leicester, England but currently living and working in Greater Manchester. He writes under the name Dale Smith, and has had previous works published and performed under the names Paul Smith and Paul D. Smith.

He is most well known for work on various Doctor Who spin-offs.
Linda Gottfredson
Linda Susanne Gottfredson (née Howarth; born 1947) is an American psychologist and writer. She is professor emerita of educational psychology at the University of Delaware and co-director of the Delaware-Johns Hopkins Project for the Study of Intelligence and Society. She is best known for writing the 1994 letter "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", which was published in the Wall Street Journal in defense of Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's controversial book The Bell Curve (1994).

She is on the boards of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences, the International Society for Intelligence Research, and the editorial boards of the academic journals Intelligence, Learning and Individual Differences, and Society.

International Society for Intelligence Research
The International Society for Intelligence Research (ISIR) is a scientific society for researchers in human intelligence. It was founded by Douglas K. Detterman of Case Western Reserve University in 2000.

The society advocates for ongoing support for scientific research on cognitive ability, supporting early career researchers, advocating for  intelligence, student scholarships, and hosting an annual conference. A 2018 New Statesman article called two editors of Intelligence "eugenicists" and that ISIR conferences have included speakers who are part of "the infiltration of mainstream academia by eugenicists".

Until 2023, Intelligence was the journal of the society. With the advent of additional journals focussed on the topic it has become agnostic to recommending a single journal.
Ewa Petelska
Ewa Petelska (24 December 1920 – 20 August 2013) was a Polish film director and screenwriter. She directed 26 films between 1951 and 1985. Her 1963 film Black Wings (Czarne skrzydła) was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize. Her 1973 film Copernicus (Kopernik) was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver Prize.

She often collaborated with her husband, Czesław Petelski.

8th Moscow International Film Festival
The 8th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 10 to 23 July 1973. The Golden Prizes were awarded to the Soviet film That Sweet Word: Liberty! directed by Vytautas Žalakevičius and the Bulgarian film Affection directed by Ludmil Staikov.
Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

Sergey Oldenburg
Sergey Fyodorovich Oldenburg (Russian: Серге́й Фёдорович Ольденбу́рг; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1863 – 28 February 1934) was a Russian orientalist who specialized in Buddhist studies. He was a disciple of Ivan Minayev, the founder of Russian Indology.
Bōken Ō
Bōken Ō (冒険王, "Adventure King") was a monthly magazine for youth published by Akita Shoten between 1949 and 1983. It was among the first generation of children's comic magazines after World War II in Japan and was initially focused on publishing illustrated prose and emonogatari and then shifted to manga.

Akita Shoten
Akita Publishing Co., Ltd. (株式会社秋田書店, Kabushiki-gaisha Akita Shoten) is a Japanese publishing company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It was founded by Teio Akita in 1948. As of May 2023, the company's president is Shigeru Higuchi. The company is known for publishing the manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Champion, which serialized works such as Osamu Tezuka's Black Jack, Keisuke Itagaki's Baki the Grappler, and Shinji Mizushima's Dokaben.