hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Briavels
St Briavels (pronounced Brevels, once known as 'Ledenia Parva' (Little Lydney)), is a medium-sized village and civil parish in the Royal Forest of Dean in west Gloucestershire, England; close to the England-Wales border, and 5 miles (8 km) south of Coleford.  It stands almost 800 feet (240 m) above sea level on the edge of a limestone plateau above the valley of the River Wye, above an ancient meander of the river. To the west, Cinder Hill drops off sharply into the valley. It is sheltered behind the crumbling walls of the 12th century St Briavels Castle.

Llandogo
Llandogo is a small village in Monmouthshire, south Wales, between Monmouth and Chepstow in the lower reaches of the Wye Valley AONB, two miles north of Tintern. It is set on a steep hillside overlooking the River Wye and across into the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, England. The 2011 census population was 547.
Stefan de Vrij
Stefan de Vrij (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈstefan də ˈfrɛi]; born 5 February 1992) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Serie A club Inter Milan and the Netherlands national team.

De Vrij began his career at his local club VV Spirit, and debuted as a professional for Feyenoord at age 17. He spent five seasons at the Eredivisie club, serving briefly as captain, before joining Lazio in July 2014.

A full international since 2012, De Vrij has earned over 70 caps for the Netherlands. He was part of the Dutch team that finished third at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and was selected for the Castrol Performance Index Team of the Tournament. He also played at UEFA Euro 2020 and Euro 2024, reaching the semi-finals of the latter.

Ouderkerk aan den IJssel
Ouderkerk aan den IJssel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌʌudərkɛr(ə)k aːn də(n) ˈɛisəl]; English: Ouderkerk upon IJssel) is a village in the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, in the province of South Holland, the Netherlands. It is situated along the river Hollandse IJssel and has over 4000 inhabitants.

Ouderkerk aan den IJssel, together with Lageweg and IJssellaan, was a separate municipality until 1 January 1985 when the municipalities in the Krimpenerwaard were reorganized and it was merged with Gouderak to form the municipality Ouderkerk. Of these, Ouderkerk aan den IJssel is the largest population centre and the location of the town hall.
Rajendra Gupta
Rajendra Gupta (born 17 October 1947) is an Indian film, television and theatre actor and director who is known for his television roles of Adina Beg Khan Sahib e Azam in 2010 series of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Pandit Jagannath in the 1990s Doordarshan fantasy television series Chandrakanta and Sudha's father – Jagat Narayan – in the 1998–2001 Sony TV drama Saaya.

An alumnus of the National School of Drama (1972 batch), Gupta has worked in numerous television serials and films. He played the role of the Mukhiya (village headman) of Champaner in the Oscar-nominated 2001 film Lagaan. He also played the role of Kesri Narayan in the TV serial Chidiya Ghar, that aired on Sab TV. He is also a part of Hindi haryanvi big budget film Rukke Padge with actor Gaurav Prateek. Currently, he is portraying the role of Pandit Jagannath Mishra in Jagannath Aur Purvi Ki Dosti Anokhi at Sony TV.

Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro
Salim Langde Pe Mat Ro (transl. Don't Cry for Salim, the Lame) is a 1989 Indian film directed by Saeed Akhtar Mirza, with Pavan Malhotra as lead. The film won Best Feature Film in Hindi and Best Cinematography at 37th National Film Awards.
Frank Hurley
James Francis "Frank" Hurley OBE (15 October 1885 – 16 January 1962) was an Australian photographer, cinematographer of documentary films, and director of drama feature films. He participated in a number of expeditions to Antarctica and served as an official war photographer with Australian forces during both world wars. He was the official photographer for the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) led by Douglas Mawson,  the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–16 led by Ernest Shackleton, and BANZARE (1929–31), again led by Mawson.

His artistic style produced many memorable images. He also used staged scenes, composites, and photographic manipulation.

Charles Bean
Charles Edwin Woodrow Bean (18 November 1879 – 30 August 1968), also commonly identified as C. E. W. Bean, was an Australian historian and one of Australia's official war correspondents. 
He was editor and principal author of the 12-volume Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, and a primary advocate for establishing the Australian War Memorial (AWM).

According to the Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War, no other Australian has been more influential in shaping the way the First World War is remembered in Australia.

When Bean died on 30 August 1968, aged 88, an obituary written by Guy Harriott, associate editor of The Sydney Morning Herald and a former war correspondent, described Bean as being "one of Australia's most distinguished men of letters".
International Institute of Human Rights
The International Institute of Human Rights (French: Institut international des droits de l'homme, IIDH) is an association under French local law based in Strasbourg, France. It includes approximately 300 members (individual and collective) worldwide, including universities, researchers and practitioners of human rights.

The IIDH was founded by René Cassin, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968. He donated the prize money for the creation of an international institute of human rights in Strasbourg. The current president is Jean-Paul Costa since 2011.

IIHR is a recognized partner of the United Nations and has consultative status with ECOSOC and UNESCO. It also collaborates with other international and regional organizations, including the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the African Union.

Jean-Paul Costa
Jean-Paul Costa (3 November 1941 – 27 April 2023) was a French jurist and was the President of the European Court of Human Rights from 19 January 2007 until his term at the Court ended on 3 November 2011. He was first appointed a judge of the Court on 1 November 1998, and in 2009 was elected to serve an additional three years as President.
Muraiyur
Muraiyur is a village in the Taluk of Singampunari in the district of Sivaganga in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Distance from other locations:

9.566 kilometres (5.944 mi) from the Taluk's main town of Singampunari

33.15 kilometres (20.60 mi) from the district's main city of Sivaganga

375 kilometres (233 mi) from the state capital of Chennai.

Sivaganga district
Sivaganga district is one of the 38 districts (an administrative district) in Tamil Nadu, the south Indian state. This district was formed on 15 March 1985 by trifurcation of Ramanathapuram district into Ramanathapuram, Virudhunagar and Sivaganga districts. The city of Sivaganga is the district headquarters, while Karaikudi is the most populous city in the district, administered by the Karaikudi Municipal Corporation. It is bounded by Pudukkottai district on the northeast, Tiruchirappalli district on the north, Ramanathapuram district on southeast, Virudhunagar district on southwest and Madurai district on the west. The area's other larger towns include Sivaganga, Kalayar Kovil, Devakottai, Manamadurai, Ilaiyangudi, Thiruppuvanam, Singampunari and Tiruppattur. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,339,101 with a sex ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males.
Hello Hello (song)
"'Hello Hello" (ハロー・ハロー, Harō Harō) is the debut single by Japanese rock act Superfly, released on April 4, 2007. The song was composed by guitarist Koichi Tabo with lyrics co-written by vocalist Shiho Ochi. It reached No. 31 on the Oricon weekly singles chart and charted for seven weeks. A special "bonus version" of the song was released on iTunes featuring a live version of "Hello Hello" with the title "13,000 Person Live @ Osaka-jō Hall FM802 Requestage".

Superfly (band)
Superfly is a Japanese rock act that debuted on April 4, 2007. Formerly a duo, the act now consists solely of lyricist and vocalist Shiho Ochi with former guitarist Kōichi Tabo still credited as the group's composer and part-time lyricist. Superfly's first two studio albums were certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan, and their first four consecutive albums (the third being classified as a "single" by the group) all debuted at the top of the Oricon Weekly Album Charts, a first for a female recording artist in Japan in over seven years.
2024 Snooker Shoot Out
The 2024 Snooker Shoot Out (officially the 2024 9Club Snooker Shoot Out) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 4 to 7 December 2024 at the Mattioli Arena in Leicester, England. The tenth ranking event of the 2024‍–‍25 season, it was played under a variation of the standard rules of snooker, with every match contested over a single frame. The event was broadcast by Eurosport and Discovery+ in Europe and other broadcasters worldwide.

Mark Allen was the defending champion, having defeated Cao Yupeng 65‍–‍4 in the previous final, becoming the first player in the history of the event to win the title while ranked within the world's top 16. Allen was defeated by Si Jiahui in the second round.

Tom Ford won the tournament, defeating Liam Graham 31‍–‍28 in the final and capturing his maiden ranking title. Zhou Yuelong made the highest break of the tournament, a 101, which was also the only century break of the event.

Wu Yize
Wu Yize (Chinese: 吴宜泽; pinyin: Wú Yízé; born 14 October 2003) is a Chinese professional snooker player. In May 2022 he was named the World Snooker Tour’s ‘Rookie of the Year’. He won his first ranking title and the first professional title of his career in winning the 2025 International Championship, defeating John Higgins 10–6 in the final. He made 14 century breaks during the tournament. This win moved him into the top 16 for the first time in his career.
Carbonatation
Carbonatation is a chemical reaction in which calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide and forms insoluble calcium carbonate:

The process of forming a carbonate is sometimes referred to as "carbonation", although this term usually refers to the process of dissolving carbon dioxide in water.

Carbonation
Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.  In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids.

In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common. Metal hydroxides (MOH) and metal oxides (M'O) react with CO2 to give bicarbonates and carbonates:

MOH  +  CO2  →   M(HCO3)

M'O  +  CO2  →   M'CO3
Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway
The Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway was an English railway company which built and operated a standard gauge railway in Cumberland, England intended to open up the hematite orefield to the south-east of Whitehaven.  It opened for goods traffic in 1855 and for passenger traffic in 1857.

Egremont, Cumbria
Egremont /ˈɛɡrəmənt/ is a market town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It is situated just outside the Lake District National Park, five miles (eight kilometres) south of Whitehaven and on the River Ehen. The parish also includes the villages of Bigrigg and Moor Row.

The town lies at the foot of the Uldale valley and Dent Fell. It has a long industrial heritage including dyeing, weaving and iron ore mining. The modern economy is based around the nuclear industry at nearby Sellafield.

Egremont Castle was built in the 12th century on the site of an earlier fortification. The castle ruins stand at the southern end of Main Street, near where the street widens out to serve as the market place. Egremont was granted a charter for a market and annual fair by King Henry III around 1266. The fair continues as the Crab Fair, which now hosts the World Gurning Championships.
McAuslan in the Rough
McAuslan in the Rough is the second collection of short stories by George MacDonald Fraser featuring a young Scottish officer named Dand MacNeill. It is a sequel to The General Danced at Dawn and concerns life in a Highland regiment after the end of World War II.

It is slightly more comical in tone than that first collection. Some of the stories are set in North Africa; other in Scotland after the regiment's return to Scotland and the retirement of the old Colonel.

George MacDonald Fraser
George MacDonald Fraser OBE FRSL (2 April 1925 – 2 January 2008) was a British author and screenwriter. He is best known for a series of works that featured the character Flashman. Over the course of his career he wrote eleven novels and one short-story collection in the Flashman series of novels, as well as non-fiction, short stories, novels and screenplays—including those for the James Bond film Octopussy, The Three Musketeers (along with both its sequels) and an adaptation of his own novel Royal Flash.
Ambohimalaza Miray
Ambohimalaza Miray is a rural municipality in Analamanga Region, in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antananarivo Avaradrano and its population numbers to  15,988 in 2018.

It is located at 18 km East of Antananarivo along the National Road 2.

12 Fokontany (villages) belong to the municipality: Ambohimalaza Miray, Ambatofotsy, Fiadanana, Ambohitrandriana, Mahia, Masombahiny, Andranosoa, Ambatomalaza, Antentona, Ambohitremo, Atsimon’ Ambohidray and Andranonomby. 8 of these fokontany are connected to electricity.

Antananarivo-Avaradrano (district)
Antananarivo-Avaradrano is a district of Analamanga in Madagascar.

It covers the smaller communes in the outskirts of Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar. The district has an area of 581.9 km2 (224.7 sq mi), and the estimated population in 2020 was 375,183.
Marc Senter
Marc Senter is an American actor. He is most known for his work in Red White & Blue, The Devil's Carnival, and his award-winning performance in The Lost. His other film credits include Brawler, Cabin Fever 2: Spring Fever, and Starry Eyes. Senter has also appeared in a handful of television programs such as JAG, NCIS, The District, Like Family, and had a small recurring role on The Young and the Restless. He was also featured in Emilie Autumn's Fight Like a Girl music video.

The Lost (2006 film)
The Lost is a 2006 American psychological horror film that was written and directed by Chris Sivertson based on the Jack Ketchum novel of the same name, which in turn was inspired by the true story of serial killer Charles Schmid. It was produced by Lucky McKee. The film stars Marc Senter as charismatic teen sociopath Ray Pye. Senter won best actor awards from both Screamfest and Fantaspoa film festivals. He was also nominated for a Fangoria Chainsaw Award. Supporting cast include Shay Astar, Alex Frost, Michael Bowen, and Robin Sydney. The movie had its world premiere at the SXSW Film Festival with a limited theatrical release following shortly after.
The Matchgirls
The Matchgirls is a musical by Bill Owen and Tony Russell about the London matchgirls strike of 1888. It premiered at the Globe Theatre, London, on 1 March 1966, directed and choreographed by Gillian Lynne.

The musical focuses on the lifestyle of the match cutters at the Bryant and May factory in Bow, London, with strong references to the condition Phossy jaw and the political climate of the era.

Bill Owen (actor)
William John Owen Rowbotham (14 March 1914 – 12 July 1999) was an English actor and songwriter. He is best known for portraying Compo Simmonite in the Yorkshire-based BBC comedy series Last of the Summer Wine for over a quarter of a century. He died on 12 July 1999, his last appearance on-screen being shown in April 2000.
Doubles (food)
Doubles is a common street food originating in Trinidad and Tobago and is of Indo-Trinidadian origin. It consists of curried chickpeas served on two fried flatbreads. It is normally eaten during breakfast, but is also eaten occasionally during lunch or as a late-night snack and popular hangover food.

Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.
Bry-sur-Marne
Bry-sur-Marne (French pronunciation: [bʁi syʁ maʁn] ⓘ, lit. 'Bry-on-Marne') is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 12.6 km (7.8 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Part of the Métropole du Grand Paris, on the departmental border with Seine-Saint-Denis, Bry-sur-Marne is the westernmost commune of Marne-la-Vallée.

Louis Daguerre
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (/dəˈɡɛər/ ⓘ də-GAIR; French: [lwi ʒɑk mɑ̃de daɡɛʁ]; 18 November 1787 – 10 July 1851) was a French scientist, artist and photographer recognized for his invention of the eponymous daguerreotype process of photography. He became known as one of the fathers of photography. Though he is most famous for his contributions to photography, he was also an accomplished painter, scenic designer, and a developer of the diorama theatre.
Aerobic methane production
Aerobic methane production is a potential biological pathway for atmospheric methane (CH4) production under oxygenated conditions. The existence of this pathway was first theorized in 2006. While significant evidence suggests the existence of this pathway, it remains poorly understood and its existence is controversial. Naturally occurring methane is mainly produced by the process of methanogenesis, a form of anaerobic respiration used by microorganisms as an energy source. Methanogenesis usually only occurs under anoxic conditions. By contrast, aerobic methane production is thought to occur in oxygenated environments under near-ambient conditions. The process involves non-microbial methane generation from terrestrial plant-matter. Temperature and ultraviolet light are thought to be key factors in this process. Methane may also be produced under aerobic conditions in near-surface ocean water, a process which likely involves the degradation of methylphosphonate.

Methanogenesis
Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane coupled to energy conservation by microbes known as methanogens. It is the fourth and final stage of anaerobic digestion. Organisms capable of producing methane for energy conservation have been identified only from the domain Archaea, a group phylogenetically distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria. The production of methane is an important and widespread form of microbial metabolism. In anoxic environments, it is the final step in the decomposition of biomass.  Methanogenesis is responsible for significant amounts of natural gas accumulations, the remainder being thermogenic.
R v Morgentaler
R v Morgentaler, [1988] 1 SCR 30 is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada which held that the abortion provision in the Criminal Code was unconstitutional because it violated women's rights to security of the person under section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Since this ruling, there have been no criminal laws regulating abortion in Canada.

Security of person
Security of the person is a basic entitlement guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948.  It is also a human right explicitly defined and guaranteed by the  European Convention on Human Rights, the Constitution of Canada, the Constitution of South Africa and other laws around the world.

In general, the right to the security of one's person is associated with liberty and includes the right, if one is imprisoned unlawfully, to a remedy such as habeas corpus.  Security of person can also be seen as an expansion of rights based on prohibitions of torture and cruel and unusual punishment.  Rights to security of person can guard against less lethal conduct, and can be used in regard to prisoners' rights.
Occupation of Gori
During the Russo-Georgian War, the city of Gori in Georgia was militarily occupied by Russia for a period of nine days, beginning on 13 August 2008. Although it ultimately withdrew from Gori on 22 August, the Russian military has been occupying other parts of Georgia for almost two decades.

Vyacheslav Borisov
Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Borisov (Russian: Вячеслав Николаевич Борисов; 12 January 1955 – 4 November 2021) was a Russian major general. He took part in the 2008 Russo-Georgian War as a commanding officer in South Ossetia. The International Criminal Court (ICC) collected evidence against Borisov, who, according to a ICC prosecutor, was "believed to have intentionally contributed to the execution" of war crimes against Georgian civilians, but Borisov died before the ICC investigation was concluded.
MTR Adtranz–CAF EMU
The Adtranz-CAF EMU (also known as A-Train, CAF-Train or LAR-Train) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train that operates on the MTR rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong. There are two variants, one used on the conventional Tung Chung line, and a more luxurious version used on the Airport Express. The vehicle interiors were designed for MTR by Jones Garrard (Tung Chung Line) and Design Triangle (Airport Express), while the vehicle exterior and driver's cab interior were designed in the UK by Design Triangle (the first two model building of these were made in Spain by Diara Design). These two variations are built jointly by Adtranz (acquired by Bombardier Transportation in 2001, then Alstom in 2021) and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) and manufactured in Spain in 1996-1997.

Design Triangle
Design Triangle was a transport design firm, based in Cambridge, UK.  Founded in 1986, Design Triangle specializes in the design of the interiors and exteriors of vehicles (and vessels) for public transport, particularly rail passenger cars. The company was dissolved in 2017.
Kranti Kanade
Kranti Kanade is a National Award winning Indian filmmaker. His films include Peepal Tree, CRD (film), Gandhi of the Month, Mahek and Chaitra. He studied at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) and FTII (Film and Television Institute of India).

CRD (film)
CRD is a 2016 drama-romance Indian film by National Award Winning Director Kranti Kanade written with Yuva Sahitya Akademi Award Winning Dramatist Dharmakirti Sumant. Set in the world of College Theatre, it probes fascism and fierce competition in arts.
Severomuysky Tunnel
The Severomuysky Tunnel (Russian: Северому́йский тонне́ль) is a railroad tunnel on the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM), in northwestern Buryatia, Russia. It is named after the Northern Muya Range it cuts through.  The tunnel is 15.34 kilometres (9.53 mi) long, the longest in Russia (excluding metro lines).

Northern Muya Range
The Northern Muya Range (Russian: Се́веро-Му́йский хребе́т, romanized: Severo-Muyskiy khrebet) is a mountain range in Buryatia, Russia, part of the Stanovoy Highlands.

The Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM) railway traverses the southern end of the mountain range via the Severomuysky Tunnel.