hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Stuart Society
The Royal Stuart Society, founded in 1926, is the largest extant Jacobite organisation in the United Kingdom. Its full name is The Royal Stuart Society and Royalist League, although it is best known simply as the "Royal Stuart Society". It acknowledges Francis, Duke of Bavaria as head of the House of Stuart, while refraining from making any claim on his behalf that he does not make himself.

The society organises annual events to commemorate the major anniversaries of Jacobitism and other events of Royalist interest.

Antonia Fraser
Lady Antonia Margaret Caroline Fraser (née Pakenham; born 27 August 1932) is a British author of history, novels, biographies and detective fiction.

She is the widow of the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature, Harold Pinter, and prior to his death in 2008 was also known as Lady Antonia Pinter.
William Butterfield
William Butterfield (7 September 1814 – 23 February 1900) was a British Gothic Revival architect and associated with the Oxford Movement (or Tractarian Movement). He is noted for his use of polychromy.

St Andrew's Church, Rugby
The Church of St Andrew is a Church of England parish church and civic church in the centre of Rugby, in Warwickshire, England. It is a grade II* listed building. It is unique in having two peals of bells hung in separate towers and is part of the Major Churches Network. The church has medieval origins, but was greatly enlarged during the Victorian era.
Villa de Merlo
Villa de Merlo is a small city in the Department of Junín, Province of San Luis, Argentina. It is administered by a mayor Leonardo Rodriguez. The town lies 796 meters (abt. 2600 feet) above sea level. The local demonym for Merlo is a "Merlino".

Merlo is the third most populated country town in the province. The city is famous for its microclimate, specifically for the amount of negatively charged particles in the atmosphere. The weather is mostly mild and dry, with little wind, and the area has a number of streams.

San Luis Province
San Luis (Spanish pronunciation: [san ˈlwis]) is a province of Argentina located near the geographical center of the country (on the 32° South parallel). Neighboring provinces are, from the north clockwise, La Rioja, Córdoba, La Pampa, Mendoza and San Juan.
Birmingham Bach Choir
The Birmingham Bach Choir is a large chamber choir based in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Established in 1919, it is one of the city's oldest musical groups, predating both the City of Birmingham Symphony Chorus and the City of Birmingham Choir.

John Joubert (composer)
John Pierre Herman Joubert (/dʒuːˈbɛər/ joo-BAIR; 20 March 1927 – 7 January 2019) was a British composer of South African birth, particularly of choral works. He lived in Moseley, a suburb of Birmingham, England, for over 50 years. A music academic in the universities of Hull and Birmingham for 36 years, Joubert took early retirement in 1986 to concentrate on composing and remained active into his eighties. Though perhaps best known for his choral music, particularly the carols Torches and There is No Rose of Such Virtue and the anthem O Lorde, the Maker of Al Thing, Joubert composed over 160 works including three symphonies, four concertos and seven operas.
Shear band
In solid mechanics, a shear band (or, more generally, a strain localization) is a narrow zone of intense strain due to shearing, usually of plastic nature, developing during severe deformation of ductile materials.
As an example, a soil (overconsolidated silty-clay) specimen is shown in Fig. 1, after an axialsymmetric compression test. Initially the sample was cylindrical in shape and, since symmetry was tried to be preserved during the test, the cylindrical shape was maintained for a while during the test and the deformation was homogeneous, but at extreme loading two X-shaped shear bands had formed and the subsequent deformation was strongly localized (see also the sketch on the right of Fig. 1).

Rigid line inclusion
A rigid line inclusion, also called stiffener, is a mathematical model used in solid mechanics to describe a narrow hard phase, dispersed within a matrix material. This inclusion is idealised as an infinitely rigid and thin reinforcement, so that it represents a sort of ‘inverse’ crack, from which the nomenclature ‘anticrack’ derives.

From the mechanical point of view, a stiffener introduces a kinematical constraint, imposing that it may only suffer a rigid body motion along its line.
Udokan mine
The Udokan mine is a large copper mine located in the south of Russia in Zabaykalsky Krai, around 30 km south of the town of Novaya Chara on the Baikal Amur Mainline.

The mine is part of the Udokan Ore Region that includes the Udokan, Kalar and Kodar ranges. The Udokan Ore Region represents the largest copper deposit in Russia and third largest in the world, having estimated reserves of 1.2 billion tonnes of ore grading 2% copper.

Udokan Range
The Udokan Range (Russian: хребет Удокан) is a mountain range in Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Zabaykalsky Krai, Russian Federation. The nearest town is Chara.

There is copper mining in the range at the Udokan mine, part of the Udokan Ore Region that includes the Kalar and Kodar ranges. A stretch of the Baikal–Amur Mainline passes through the range following the valley of the Khani river.
Quiero Ser (song)
"Quiero Ser" (I want to be) is the debut solo single by Spanish singer-songwriter Amaia Montero. It was released on October 4, 2008 as the lead single from her eponymous debut album, Amaia Montero, also serving as the album's opening track. It became her first release after departing the group La Oreja de Van Gogh.

The single was premiered on Spanish radio station "Los 40 Principales". In January 2009, it became the longest charting number one single in the Spanish airplay history with 13 consecutive weeks in the number one spot.

Amaia Montero
Amaia Montero Saldías (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈmaja monˈteɾo salˈdi.as]; born 26 August 1976) is a Spanish singer and songwriter mainly known as the lead vocalist of the Spanish pop-band La Oreja de Van Gogh from 1996 to 2007, and 2025 onwards.

Amaia has sung in a variety of languages, including Basque, Spanish, Catalan, Italian, French and English. She also wrote some of the most successful singles of the band on their original versions, including "Mariposa" (2000) and "Puedes Contar Conmigo" (2003) among many others. Including her work with the band, Montero has sold over 10 million albums worldwide.
Former Kameoka Family Home
The Former Kameoka Family Home is a residential structure that was originally located in Koori Town within the Date District of Fukushima Prefecture. It was dismantled and rebuilt within the same prefecture, in the town of Hobara Town in Date. The house is designated an Important Cultural Property of Japan.

Date, Fukushima
Date (伊達市, Date-shi; [date]) is a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2026, the city had an estimated population of 55,004 in 23,314 households and a population density of 219 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 265.10 square kilometres (102.36 sq mi).
Finn Salomonsen
Finn Salomonsen (31 January 1909 – 23 April 1983) was a Danish ornithologist. He is best known for his work on the birds of Greenland.

His interest in Greenland began at the age of 16 when he made a trip with Lehn Schioler to the Upernavik District. He obtained a degree in zoology in 1932 and joined as a zoological assistant in the Danish Nature Reserves. He worked on migration of birds and moulting patterns extensively. During World War II he fled to Sweden with his family to escape persecution due to his Jewish ancestry.

Salomonsen's work included over scientific publications, and authorship or co-authorship of 19 books. Apart from research in the Greenland and Arctic region, he went on expeditions to the Philippines (1951–1952) and to the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea (Noona Dan expedition, 1962). He was editor of the Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift from 1942 to 1961.

Finn Salomonsen was father of the Danish rock-singer Sanne Salomonsen (born 1955).

Seute Deern (1939)
Seute Deern (Low German for "Sweet girl") is a wooden, gaff-rigged ketch built as the cargo ship Havet (Danish for "The Sea") in Svendborg, Denmark in 1939 for Captain Karl Lorenzen. Sold in 1956 to J. Lauritzen and renamed Noona Dan. Noona Dan circumnavigated the world in 1961/1962 on the Danish research cruise known as the Noona Dan expedition to the Western Pacific Ocean. After the expedition the ship was sold to Germany as a training ship, first owned and operated by Deutsche Schulschiff-Verein and 1973 by the German Clipper association. She continues to sail with young people on training cruises in the Baltic Sea. In winter the ship is moored at Hamburg-Harburg.
Índice de Precios Selectivo de Acciones
The Indice de Precios Selectivo de Acciones (S&P/CLX IPSA) is a Chilean stock market index composed of the 30 stocks with the highest average annual trading volume in the Santiago Stock Exchange (Spanish: Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago). In the past, the index was re-based back to 1000 on the last trading day of each year. The index has been calculated since 1977 and is revised on a quarterly basis.

Santiago Stock Exchange
The Santiago Stock Exchange (SSE; Spanish: Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago), founded on November 27, 1893, is Chile's dominant stock exchange, and the third largest stock exchange in Latin America, behind Brazil's BM&F Bovespa, and the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores in Mexico. On December 5, 2014, the Santiago Stock Exchange announced it was joining the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges (SSE) initiative, becoming the 17th Partner Exchange of the initiative.
Team Chicky World
Team Chicky World was a Danish professional road bicycle racing team, which was active in the seasons 1998 to 1999. The main sponsor Danpo is a Danish producer of poultry products. Chicky World is a brand name of Danpo. Danpo decided not to renew the sponsorship due to the media focus on doping.

Kim Andersen, former yellow jersey rider in Tour de France, was sports director both years.
Norwegian Steffen Kjærgaard was the top rider of the team, winning great victories both years including Circuit de la Sarthe (1999), Bayern rundfahrt (1998) and Tour of Normandy (1999). He left the team to join US Postal Service in 2000. Swedish rider Martin Rittsel also won some great victories for the fantastic team including Tour of Argentina.

Michael Sandstød rode for the team in 1998.
Nicki Sørensen rode for the team in 1999.

Kim Andersen (cyclist)
Kim Andersen (born 10 February 1958) is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer and current cycling team directeur sportif. From 2004 to 2010, he was a directeur sportif for Danish ProTour Team Saxo Bank. From 2011, he holds the same position at the Leopard Trek team.
Melbourne tram route 5
Melbourne tram route 5 is a tram route on the Melbourne tramway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Operated by Yarra Trams, the route is coloured red and extends from Melbourne University to Malvern over 12.6-kilometre (7.8 mi) of double track via Swanston Street, St Kilda Road, Dandenong Road and Malvern East. It is serviced out of Malvern depot utilising Z and D1 class trams.

Domain Interchange
Domain Interchange was a major interchange on the Melbourne tram system. It featured two island platforms with four tracks, and had dedicated turning tracks and through tracks. It was located on St Kilda Road between Domain Road and Park Street, adjacent to Kings Domain, and was one of the busiest interchanges on the system, being used by eight tram routes. A shelter built in 1986 was replaced when the stop was rebuilt in 2013.

The stop and interchange was demolished in April 2018, to facilitate the construction of the underground Anzac railway station as part of the Melbourne Metro Rail Project. Anzac Station tram stop opened in December 2022 to the south of the former Domain Interchange site.
Gibson Sibanda
Gibson Jama Sibanda (1944 – 24 August 2010) was a Zimbabwean politician and trade unionist. He was a founding member of the Movement for Democratic Change and at the time of his death was the Vice-President of the faction of the Movement for Democratic Change led by Arthur Mutambara. A former president of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, he was first elected to the House of Assembly in the 2000 parliamentary election. He was a member of the Senate and a Minister of State in the Office of Deputy Prime Minister Arthur Mutambara at the time of his death in 2010.

Minister of State in the Deputy Prime Minister's Office (Zimbabwe)
The Minister of State in the Deputy Prime Minister's Office was a non-cabinet ministerial position in the government of Zimbabwe. There were two incumbents: Gibson Sibanda and Sekai Holland. The duties of the position were never publicly defined.
Jodie Dibble
Jodie Marie Cook (née Dibble; born 17 September 1994) is a former English cricketer who played as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler and right-handed batter. She appeared in one Twenty20 International for England, against West Indies on 24 March 2014. She has played domestic cricket for Devon, Berkshire, Nottinghamshire and Western Storm.

Nottinghamshire Women cricket team
The Nottinghamshire Women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Nottinghamshire. They play their home games at John Fretwell Sporting Complex, Nettleworth and are captained by Teresa Graves.  In 2019, they played in Division One of the final season of the Women's County Championship, and in 2021 won the East Midlands Group of the Women's Twenty20 Cup. They are partnered with the East Midlands regional side The Blaze.
Jerzy Kuryłowicz
Jerzy Kuryłowicz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjɛʐɨ kurɨˈwɔvit͡ʂ]; 26 August 1895 – 28 January 1978) was a Polish linguist whose main area of interest was historical linguistics, specifically Indo-European studies. He is known for identifying consonantal reflexes in Hittite that were previously only hypothesized by Ferdinand de Saussure, thereby offering first direct evidence for the laryngeal theory.

Indo-European studies
Indo-European studies (German: Indogermanistik) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the Indo-European languages and related cultural history through historical linguistics, comparative philology, archaeology, and genetics.

The discipline coalesced in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe as comparative linguists including Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Franz Bopp, and August Schleicher refined methods for reconstructing a shared ancestry among the languages. Research centers on rebuilding the Proto-Indo-European language, homeland, and society by combining comparative analysis with archaeological, mythological, and genetic evidence to test models such as the Kurgan hypothesis. Dedicated programs, research centers, journals, and book series sustain Indo-European studies across Europe and North America.
Leader Lane
Leader's Lane is a short street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The street was part of the former city of York, Upper Canada. It runs from Wellington Street to King Street, crossing Colborne Street. The street was renamed Leader's Lane after the Toronto Leader, a newspaper whose offices were located there from 1852 to 1878.

It was the site of York's first jail and "hanging yard".
The original jail, a log building, built in 1796, at the corner with Colborne Street has long since been demolished, but several buildings remain on the street which are over 100 years old.

Toronto Leader
The Toronto Leader was a newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in the 19th century.
The paper was published by James Beaty, a wealthy leather merchant.
Its office were located on what is now Leader Lane from 1852 to 1878.

An article published in The New York Times in 1861 called the paper the "recognized Government organ of Canada West."
The archives of several other newspapers quote or otherwise reference the Toronto Leader.
Frank E. Putnam
Frank E. Putnam (January 9, 1857 – July 6, 1944) was an American lawyer and politician.

Putnam was born in Grafton, Vermont and graduated from Vermont Academy. He went to the University of Michigan Law School, in 1884, and was admitted to the Minnesota bar in 1885. Putnam lived in Blue Earth, Faribault County, Minnesota, with his wife and family and practiced law in Blue Earth. He served as the Blue Earth City Attorney and as the Faribault County Attorney. Putnam served in the Minnesota Senate from 1903 to 1930 and was a Republican. He also served as president of the Minnesota State Bar Association in 1926 and 1927. Putnam died in Blue Earth, Minnesota.

Vermont Academy
Vermont Academy (VA) is a private, co-educational, college preparatory, boarding and day school in Saxtons River, Vermont, serving students from ninth through twelfth grade, as well as postgraduates. Founded in 1876, the campus was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Vermont Academy Campus Historic District in 2015.
John Fanning (Irish politician)
John Fanning (22 October 1903 – 1 January 1982) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. A farmer, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary North constituency at the 1951 general election. He was re-elected at every subsequent general election until he retired from politics at the 1969 general election.

1969 Irish general election
The 1969 Irish general election to the 19th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 18 June, following the dissolution of the 18th Dáil on 22 May by President Éamon de Valera on the request of Taoiseach Jack Lynch. The general election took place in 42 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, with boundary changes under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1969. The governing Fianna Fáil won its fourth successive election.

The 19th Dáil met at Leinster House on 21 April to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Lynch was re-appointed Taoiseach, forming the 13th government of Ireland, a single-party majority Fianna Fáil government.
Gifford, Washington
Gifford is an unincorporated community in Stevens County, Washington, United States. Gifford is located across the Columbia River from Inchelium. The community is served by Washington State Route 25 and the Gifford–Inchelium ferry. Gifford has a post office with ZIP code 99131.

Gifford was named for James O. Gifford, who settled there in 1890.

Stevens County, Washington
Stevens County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington along the Canada–US border. At the 2020 census, its population was 46,445. As of July 2023, the population was estimated to be 48,837. The county seat and largest city is Colville, and the largest CDP is Suncrest. The county was created in 1863 and named after Isaac Stevens, the first governor of Washington Territory.

Stevens County is included in the Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most of the Spokane Indian Reservation is within the borders of the county.
Commanders at War
Commanders at War is a television show on the Military Channel (now American Heroes Channel). It highlights specific battles or skirmishes from World War II, where one commander is pitted against another. Using computer-generated imagery, many scenes are illustrated using cardboard-cutout-like figures to represent soldiers and equipment. Key battle decisions are examined, in order to explain the overall outcome of the battle.

American Heroes Channel
American Heroes Channel (formerly Military Channel and originally Discovery Wings Channel) is an American multinational pay television channel owned by the Warner Bros. Discovery Networks unit of Warner Bros. Discovery. The network carries programs related to the military, warfare, and military history and science.

As of November 2023, AHC is available to approximately 28,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its 2014 peak of 62,000,000 households. Along with Boomerang, Cooking Channel, Destination America, Discovery Family, Discovery Life, and Science Channel, American Heroes Channel is among the less prevalent networks of Warner Bros. Discovery.

In recent years, AHC has lost carriage with the growth of streaming alternatives including its parent company's HBO Max, and has generally been depreciated by Warner Bros. Discovery in current retransmission consent negotiations with cable and streaming providers.
A Bold Stroke for a Husband
A Bold Stroke for a Husband is a 1783 comedy play by the British writer Hannah Cowley. The title is a variation on Susanna Centlivre's A Bold Stroke for a Wife. The original Covent Garden cast included William Thomas Lewis as Don Julio, Richard Wroughton as Don Carlos, John Quick as Don Caesar, John Edwin as Don Vincentio, Richard Wilson as Gasper, John Whitfield as Don Garcia, James Fearon as Vasquez, Mary Robinson as Victoria, Sarah Maria Wilson as Minette, Mary Whitfield as Laura, Harriet Pitt as Sancha and Isabella Mattocks as Olivia. The epilogue was written by John O'Keeffe. The play is in five acts and is set in Madrid.

Richard Wilson (stage actor)
Richard Wilson (1744–1796) was an English stage actor. He was born in Durham. After featuring in provincial theatre in Northern England and Scotland he appeared as King Lear at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh in 1772, gaining a reputation thereafter for performing in comedies. In 1775 he joined the company of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London and performed there and at the Haymarket on and off for the remainder of his career. In 1795 he was imprisoned for debt at the King's Bench Prison in Southwark and died the following year. His wife was the actress Sarah Maria Wilson.
Radio Begum
Radio Begum is an Afghan radio station made by women, for women. It was created on 8 March 2021 to coincide with International Women's Day by Afghan entrepreneur and journalist Hamida Aman, and is run by Begum Organization for Women (called BOW) which had been founded on 8 December 2020. It broadcasts live and continuously via both FM and satellite, to Kabul and more rural surroundings, covering approximately three quarters of the country. On 8 March 2024 its sister broadcaster Begum TV was launched in Paris with a grant from Malala Fund, to provide video courses covering the Afghan school curriculum from 7th to 12th Grade by satellite.

Hamida Aman
Hamida Aman is an Afghan media entrepreneur and founder of the Begum Organization for Women who has made significant contributions to Afghan women's rights. In 2024, she was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 inspirational women.
Georgia State Route 56
State Route 56 (SR 56) is an inverted question mark-shaped state highway that travels south-to-north,  with a western loop around Vidalia. It is 140.3-mile-long (225.8 km) and travels through portions of Tattnall, Toombs, Montgomery, Treutlen, Emanuel, Burke, and Richmond counties in the southeastern and east-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The route connects the Reidsville and Augusta areas, via Swainsboro and Waynesboro.

Montgomery County, Georgia
Montgomery County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 8,610. The county seat is Mount Vernon. Montgomery County is part of the Vidalia, GA micropolitan statistical area.
Matt Vinc
Matt Vinc (/vɪns/ VINSS; born June 9, 1982, in St. Catharines, Ontario) is a Canadian professional box lacrosse goaltender who plays for the Buffalo Bandits in the National Lacrosse League and for the Peterborough Lakers of the Major Series Lacrosse.

He was a member of Team Canada He is also a teacher and lacrosse coach at Denis Morris Catholic High School in St. Catharines.

Goaltender (box lacrosse)
The goaltender or goalie is a playing position in indoor or box lacrosse.  More heavily armoured than a field lacrosse goaltender, since the invent of indoor lacrosse in 1931, the box lacrosse goalie has evolved into a much different position than its field lacrosse cousin.