hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alcibiades (play)
Alcibiades is a 1675 tragedy by the English writer Thomas Otway, based on the life of the Athenian statesman and general Alcibiades. Staged by the Duke's Company, it premiered at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London with a cast that featured Thomas Betterton as  Alcibiades, Matthew Medbourne as  Agis, Samuel Sandford as Tissaphernes, John Crosby as Patroclus, Henry Harris as Theramnes, Thomas Gillow as Polyndus, Mary Lee as Deidamia, Mary Betterton as Timandra and Elizabeth Barry as Draxilla.

Thomas Gillow
Thomas Gillow (died 1687) was an English stage actor of the Restoration era. His name was sometimes written Gilloe or Gillo.

His first known role was at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre in Samuel Pordage's Herod and Mariamne in 1671. He remained with the Duke's Company at the Dorset Gardens Theatre until the merger that created the United Company in 1682. His first role at Drury Lane was in John Dryden's The Duke of Guise in November that year. He remained a prominent member of the company, appearing in a mixture of comedies and tragedies. He died in May 1687 and was buried at St Bride's Church in the City of London. An actress billed as Mrs Gillow appeared at the Dorset Street Theatre between 1675 and 1678 and this may have been his wife Mary Gillow.
Michel Bernard (writer)
Michel Bernard (born 14 December 1958, in Bar-le-Duc) is a French writer and senior official. A graduate from the École nationale d'administration (ENA) in 1992, he made a career in the prefectural corps.

Bar-le-Duc
Bar-le-Duc (French pronunciation: [baʁ lə 'dyk] ⓘ), formerly known as Bar, is a commune in the Meuse département, of which it is the capital. The department is in Grand Est in northeastern France.

The lower, more modern and busier part of the town extends along a narrow valley, shut in by wooded or vine-clad hills, and is traversed by the Ornain, which is crossed by several bridges. It is bordered on the north-east by the Marne–Rhine Canal and on the south-west by a small arm of the Ornain called the Canal des Usines, on the left bank of which the upper town (Ville Haute) is situated.

The highly rarefied Bar-le-duc jelly, also known as Lorraine jelly, is a spreadable preparation of white currant or red currant fruit preserves. First mentioned in the historical record in 1344, it is also colloquially referred to as "Bar caviar".
New South Wales 82 class locomotive
The 82 class is a class of diesel locomotives built by Clyde Engineering, Braemar for The New South Wales State Rail Authority's FreightRail division (FreightCorp from 1996) in 1994–1995. The sale of FreightCorp and its assets along with National Rail in 2002 saw ownership of all 55 remaining 82 class locomotives (three units had already been destroyed in a major collision at Beresfield train station in 1997) transferred to the newly formed Pacific National and patched over with its logos. As of October 2024, all but one of these locomotives remains in active service with Pacific National, one having been scrapped in 2016 after sustaining significant fire damage.

FreightCorp
FreightCorp, formally Freight Rail, was a railway operator owned by the Government of New South Wales. It was responsible for intrastate and some interstate railway cargo handling from its foundation in January 1989 until it was privatised in August 2002.
Williamstown Town Hall
Williamstown Town Hall is a civic building located in Williamstown, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia.

The hall was built in two stages, the first being the front municipal offices, designed in the Greek revival style to the design of then young architect Joseph Plottel, dating from 1919. The hall behind was added to the design of Gibbs, Finlay & Morsby, and  officially opened in 1927.

After the City of Williamstown was amalgamated with the City of Altona in 1994 to form the new City of Hobsons Bay, the building continued to be used for council meetings, though not as often as its Altona counterpart.

Joseph Plottel
Joseph Plottel (1 January 1883 – 28 May 1977) was a British born architect who was active in Melbourne, Australia between 1911 and World War II. He worked in a range of revival styles, as well as Art Deco in the 1930s. He is best known for the St Kilda Synagogue (1927) and the Footscray Town Hall (1936).
Sursee District
Sursee District is one of the five Ämtern, or districts, of the German-speaking Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland. Its capital is the town of Sursee.  It has a population of 76,451 (as of 31 December 2020).  In 2013 the name was changed from Amt Sursee to Wahlkreis Sursee as part of a reorganization of the Canton.  A sixth Wahlkreis was created, but in Sursee everything else remained essentially unchanged.

Sursee District consists of the following municipalities:

^a  1992/97 survey gives a total area of 287.50 km2 (111.00 sq mi) without including certain large lakes, while the 2000 survey includes lakes and gives the higher value.

Canton of Lucerne
The canton of Lucerne (German: Kanton Luzern [ˈkantɔn luˈtsɛrn]; Romansh: Chantun Lucerna; French: Canton de Lucerne; Italian: Cantone Lucerna) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the country's central, German-speaking part. The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 416,347. As of 2007, the population included 57,268 foreigners, or about 15.8% of the total population. The cantonal capital is the city of Lucerne.
Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 225 million tonnes in 2022) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.

Propionaldehyde
Propionaldehyde or propanal is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CHO. It is the 3-carbon aldehyde. It is a colourless, flammable liquid with a pungent and fruity odour. It is produced on a large scale industrially.
Al-Balqaʼ Applied University
Al-Balqaʼ Applied University (BAU) (Arabic جامعة البلقاء التطبيقية) is a government-supported university located in Salt, Jordan, was founded in 1997, a distinctive state university in the field of Bachelor and associate degree Applied Education, at the capacity of more than 21,000 student distributed into 10,000 at the bachelor's degree program and 11,000 at the associate degree program.

Balqa' Applied University was formed by merging several colleges distributed over almost all of the Jordanian provinces. The merger was the result of royal decree, under the auspices of his majesty the late King Hussein to provide qualified professionals who focus on applied technical studies.

BAU was ranked 5th  on national level, and achieved an international ranking of 2575 and a regional ranking of 55 according to the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities ranking, as well as a regional ranking of 79 according to US News Education.

As-Salt
As-Salt (Arabic: السلط As-Salt), also known as Salt, is an ancient trading city and administrative centre in west-central Jordan. It is on the old main highway leading from Amman to Jerusalem. Situated in the Balqa highland, about 790–1,100 metres above sea level, the city is built in the crook of three hills, close to the Jordan Valley. One of the three hills, Jabal al-Qal'a, is the site of a 13th-century ruined fortress. It is the capital of Balqa Governorate of Jordan.

The Greater Salt Municipality has about 107,874 inhabitants (2018).

In 2021, the city of Salt was inscribed at the UNESCO World Heritage list.
Alma Bryant High School
Alma Bryant High School is a public high school located in Irvington, Alabama, United States, off State Highway 188 between Grand Bay and Bayou La Batre.

It serves Bayou La Batre, Coden, Dauphin Island, Grand Bay, Irvington, Mon Louis Island, and St. Elmo.

Grand Bay, Alabama
Grand Bay is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southwest Mobile County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Mobile metropolitan area. The population was 3,460 at the 2020 census.
Business Promotion Council
Business Promotion Council (BPC) is a council that promotes the export of specific products in Bangladesh. Business Promotion Council is an undertaking of the Ministry of Commerce, and is responsible for the task of export diversification through capacity building and coordinating the efforts of six sector-based councils.

Ministry of Commerce (Bangladesh)
The  Ministry of Commerce (Bengali: বাণিজ্য মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Bāṇijyô Montronaloy) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for formulating and implementing national trade and commerce policies, regulating domestic and international trade, and promoting Bangladesh’s commercial and export sectors
Flins Renault Factory
The Flins Renault Factory is a car factory in France, straddling the towns of Flins and Aubergenville in Yvelines, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Paris. It is the largest (and, since the closure of the Boulogne-Billancourt factory, the oldest) Renault Group factory in mainland France. It was designed by the architect Bernard Zehrfuss and opened in 1952. It is 237 hectares (590 acres) in extent, of which 67 are occupied by covered buildings.

The factory is internally known as the Pierre Lefaucheux Factory in memory of Pierre Lefaucheux, Renault's first CEO following post-WWII nationalisation, who died in a single car accident in a Renault Frégate, manufactured at the Flins plant.

Between 1952 and the summer break of July 2009 the plant had assembled 16,850,000 vehicles.

Pierre Lefaucheux
Pierre-André Lefaucheux (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ɑ̃dʁe ləfoʃø]; 30 June 1898 – 11 February 1955) was a leading French industrialist and recipient of the Order of Liberation, awarded to heroes of France's Liberation during World War II.

As the first chairman of Renault during the critical years after World War II, Lefaucheux died in an automobile accident in 1955 at age 56 – while directing the development of the forthcoming Renault Dauphine.

Lefaucheux was the subject of the 2009 biography, Patron de Renault, Pierre Lefaucheux (1944–1955) by Cyrille Sardais.
Venus in Blue Jeans
"Venus in Blue Jeans" is a 1962 song written by Howard Greenfield and Jack Keller. It was recorded that year by Jimmy Clanton and reached No. 7 on the Billboard charts, and No. 5 on the CHUM Chart in Canada.

The song was also recorded that year by Mark Wynter who released the song in the UK where it reached No. 4.

Jimmy Clanton
Jimmy Clanton (born September 2, 1938) is an American singer who became known as the "swamp pop R&B teenage idol". His band recorded a hit song "Just a Dream" which Clanton had written in 1958 for the Ace Records label. It reached number four on the Billboard chart and sold a million copies. Clanton performed on Dick Clark's American Bandstand and toured with popular artists like Fats Domino, Jerry Lee Lewis and the Platters.
St Lite Kinen
The St Lite Kinen (セントライト記念, sentoraito kinen) is a  Grade 2 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old Thoroughbred colts and fillies run over a distance of 2,200 metres at the Nakayama Racecourse, Funabashi, Chiba. The race is run in September and serves as the main trial race for the Kikuka Sho (run in October).

It was first run in 1947 and was named in honour of the Japanese Triple Crown winner St Lite. Among the winners of the race have been Symboli Rudolf, Legacy World and Nakayama Festa.

The race was run at Tokyo Racecourse from 1947 until 1956 and in 1966, 1968, 1974,  and 1976–1979. The 2014 running took place at Niigata Racecourse.

Symboli Rudolf
Symboli Rudolf (Japanese : シンボリルドルフ, March 13, 1981 – October 4, 2011) was a Japanese thoroughbred racehorse who won the Japanese Triple Crown, sired by Partholon, a son of Milesian, out of Sweet Luna, a daughter of Speed Symboli. Symboli Rudolf was inducted into the Japan Racing Association Hall of Fame in 1987. Due to his racing career and his namesake, Rudolf I of Germany, the horse was dubbed "Kōtei (皇帝)", or emperor.
Owen Hatteras
Major Owen Hatteras (1912–1923) is a composite personage and pseudonym created and employed by H. L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan for The Smart Set literary magazine and adapted by Willard Huntington Wright during his short tenure as editor.  The pseudonym was used to critique American (“Puritan”) traditions and ideals, such as marriage, religion, and academe, while protecting Mencken and Nathan's own reputations.  First with the “Pertinent & Impertinent” column and eventually the “Americana” column, Hatteras observed and denigrated American institutions, frivolity and sentimentalism, materialism, racism, censorship, and conservatism.

George Jean Nathan
George Jean Nathan (February 14, 1882 – April 8, 1958) was an American drama critic and magazine editor. He worked closely as an editor with H. L. Mencken bringing the literary magazine The Smart Set to prominence and while co-founding and editing The American Mercury and The American Spectator.
Geology of Tasmania
The geology of Tasmania is complex, with the world's biggest exposure of diabase, or dolerite. The rock record contains representatives of each period of the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. It is one of the few southern hemisphere areas that were glaciated during the Pleistocene with glacial landforms in the higher parts. The west coast region hosts significant mineralisation and numerous active and historic mines.

East Tasman Plateau
43°58′S 150°29′E﻿ / ﻿43.96°S 150.48°E﻿ / -43.96; 150.48

The East Tasman Plateau is a submerged microcontinent south east of Tasmania.  Its area is 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi), and it is mostly from 2,500 to 3,000 metres (8,200 to 9,800 ft) deep. It is a circular piece of continental rocks surrounded by oceanic crust.  Volcanism occurred there 36 million years ago. The East Tasman Plateau is separated from the island of Tasmania by 100 kilometres (62 mi) of deeper water, and the East Tasman Saddle is a higher ridge connecting the plateau to the Freycinet Peninsula region of the Tasmanian East Coast. This ridge runs north west from the plateau. South-west of the plateau is the L'Atalante Depression. The East Tasman Plateau represents a continental fragment.
Darnac
Darnac (French pronunciation: [daʁnak]; Occitan: Darnac) is a former commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Val-d'Oire-et-Gartempe.

Val-d'Oire-et-Gartempe
Val-d'Oire-et-Gartempe (French pronunciation: [val dwaʁ e ɡaʁtɑ̃p]; Occitan: Vau d'Oira e Gartempa) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Bussière-Poitevine (the seat), Darnac, Saint-Barbant and Thiat.
Living a Little, Laughing a Little
"Living a Little, Laughing a Little" is a song recorded by the American R&B vocal group The Spinners. It was written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed. The song was released as a single from their 1974 album New and Improved in February 1975.

The single debuted at number #77, and peaked at number #37 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

The Spinners (American group)
The Spinners are an American rhythm and blues vocal group that formed in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954. They enjoyed a string of hit singles and albums during the 1960s and 1970s, particularly with producer Thom Bell.  The group continues to tour, without any original members, after Henry Fambrough retired in 2023.

The group is also listed as the Detroit Spinners and the Motown Spinners, due to their 1960s recordings with the Motown label. These other names were used in the UK to avoid confusion with a British folk group also called The Spinners. On June 30, 1976, they received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The Spinners were inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2015 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2023.
Prenex normal form
A formula of the predicate calculus is in prenex normal form (PNF) if it is written as a string of quantifiers and bound variables, called the prefix, followed by a quantifier-free part, called the matrix. Together with the normal forms in propositional logic (e.g. disjunctive normal form or conjunctive normal form), it provides a canonical normal form useful in automated theorem proving.

Every formula in classical logic is logically equivalent to a formula in prenex normal form. For example, if , , and  are quantifier-free formulas with the free variables shown then

is in prenex normal form with matrix , while

is logically equivalent but not in prenex normal form.

Arithmetical hierarchy
In mathematical logic, the arithmetical hierarchy, arithmetic hierarchy or Kleene–Mostowski hierarchy (after mathematicians Stephen Cole Kleene and Andrzej Mostowski) classifies certain sets based on the complexity of formulas that define them.  Any set that receives a classification is called arithmetical.  The arithmetical hierarchy was invented independently by Kleene (1943) and Mostowski (1946).

The arithmetical hierarchy is important in computability theory, effective descriptive set theory, and the study of formal theories such as Peano arithmetic.

The Tarski–Kuratowski algorithm provides an easy way to get an upper bound on the classifications assigned to a formula and the set it defines.

The hyperarithmetical hierarchy and the analytical hierarchy extend the arithmetical hierarchy to classify additional formulas and sets.
An Echo in the Darkness
An Echo in the Darkness (1994) is the second novel in the Mark of the Lion Series by Francine Rivers. It was awarded a RITA Award for best inspirational romance by the Romance Writers of America in 1995.

RITA Award
The RITA Award, presented by the Romance Writers of America (RWA) from 1990 to 2019, was the most prominent award for English-language romance fiction. It was named for the RWA's first president, Rita Clay Estrada. After not being awarded in 2020, it was replaced by the Vivian Award, which was awarded once in 2021.
Cooper-Bessemer
Cooper-Bessemer was a brand of industrial engines and compressors manufactured in Mount Vernon, Ohio. The Cooper-Bessemer Corporation was formed when the C. & G. Cooper Company (founded in 1833) and the Bessemer Gas Engine Company (founded in 1899) merged in 1929. In 1965, the company was renamed to Cooper Industries and relocated to Houston, Texas. In the 1990s, Cooper Industries' Petroleum and Industrial Equipment Group was spun off to become Cooper Cameron Corporation, known as the Compression Systems group of Cameron International Corporation. Cooper Machinery Services is the current original equipment manufacturer for Cooper-Bessemer engines.

Cameron International
Cameron International Corporation (formerly Cooper Cameron Corporation (CCC) and Cooper Oil Tool, Cameron Iron Works) though now operating under Schlumberger, is a global provider of pressure control, production, processing, and flow control systems as well as project management and aftermarket services for the oil and gas and process industries. Cameron was acquired by Schlumberger (SLB) in 2016, and now operates as 'Cameron, an SLB Company.' At the start of the SLB acquisition in 2015, Cameron employed approximately 23,000 people and delivered $9.8 billion in revenue.
City for Conquest
City for Conquest is a 1940 American epic drama film directed by Anatole Litvak and starring James Cagney, Ann Sheridan and Arthur Kennedy. The film is based on the 1936 novel of the same name by Aben Kandel. The supporting cast features Elia Kazan, Anthony Quinn, Donald Crisp, Frank McHugh, Frank Craven and Lee Patrick.

Aben Kandel
Aben Kandel (August 15, 1897 – January 28, 1993) was an American screenwriter, novelist, and boxer. He was screenwriter on such classic B movies as I Was A Teenage Werewolf, Joan Crawford's final movie Trog, and one of Leonard Nimoy's first starring vehicles, Kid Monk Baroni.  He is the father of poet Lenore Kandel and screenwriter Stephen Kandel.
Flight to Canada
Flight to Canada is a 1976 novel by African-American author Ishmael Reed. Set in the last years of the American Civil War and its aftermath, the story makes ready use of anachronism, referencing both actual and fabricated pop-cultural phenomena from the twentieth century, such as the made-up "Beecher Hour" TV show, as well as technology such alike cassette tapes, jumbo jets, and Coffee-Mate. Published in the year of the United States Bicentennial, the book was called "a demonized Uncle Tom's Cabin" by The New York Times. Reed himself has described the novel, as a "neo–slave narrative", and its influence has been identified in the work of Colson Whitehead.

Ishmael Reed
Ishmael Scott Reed (born February 22, 1938) is an American poet, novelist, essayist, songwriter, composer, playwright, editor and publisher known for his satirical works challenging American political culture. Perhaps his best-known work is Mumbo Jumbo (1972), a sprawling and unorthodox novel set in 1920s New York. Reed's work represents neglected African and African-American perspectives.
Festival Omladina
Festival Omladina (English: Youth Festival), also known as Omladinski Festival, is a music festival held in Subotica, Serbia. The festival was founded in 1961 as a competition of young composers of popular music. Their compositions were initially performed by pop singers, but soon the performers of competing compositions became rock bands. In the 1970s, the non-competitive part, featuring established rock acts, was added to the program, and in the 1980s the festival became a competition of young rock bands. During the years, some of the most notable acts of the Yugoslav pop and rock scene performed on the festival.

In 1990, at the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, the festival ceased to exist. In 2011 the festival anniversary was celebrated with a concert of famous acts who made their first steps on the festival, and in 2012 the festival was reestablished.

Mizar (band)
Mizar (Macedonian: Мизар [miˈzar]) is a Macedonian rock band from Skopje. They achieved a status of a cult band, especially in Macedonia and across the former Yugoslavian countries.

The group is notable for its first self-titled album, as it was the first popular music album in the former Yugoslavian countries in Macedonian. The album was a major success and it is listed among the top ten rock albums ever released in former Yugoslavian countries.

Mizar was formed in 1981 in the then Socialist Republic of Macedonia. Because of the band's avant-garde sound and image, its Christian leanings and support for Macedonian self-determination, they were viewed with certain degree of suspicion by the former authorities. Still, the group received great media attention including numerous appearances on the national television. The 2014 documentary Mizar: The Star of Hope details the band's origins.