hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gott v. Berea College
Gott v. Berea College, 161 S.W. 204 (Ky. 1913), was a case heard before the Kentucky Court of Appeals wherein J. S. Gott—a restaurant owner—sued the private institution of Berea College when they issued a new policy in their 1911 student manual that forbid their students from patronizing establishments not owned by the college. Gott believed that the college and its officers had purposely acted unlawfully to injure his business and reputation by enforcing their new policy. The Kentucky Court of Appeals upheld the decision of the lower court of appeals and sided completely with Berea College in this case on the bases of in loco parentis. This was one of the earliest uses of in loco parentis by a private institution and would establish a precedent for decades to come.

In loco parentis
The term in loco parentis, Latin for "in the place of a parent", refers to the legal responsibility of a person or organization to take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent.

Originally derived from English common law, the doctrine is applied in two separate areas of the law. First, it grants educational institutions such as colleges and schools discretion to act in the best interests of their students, although not allowing what would be considered violations of the students' civil liberties. Second, this doctrine may allow a non-biological parent to exercise the legal rights and responsibilities of a biological parent if they have held themselves out as the parent.

The in loco parentis doctrine is distinct from the doctrine of parens patriae, the psychological parent doctrine, and adoption.
Fort Washington, Pennsylvania
Fort Washington is a census-designated place and suburb of Philadelphia in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The CDP, as of 2020, is entirely in Upper Dublin Township. The population was 5,446 at the 2010 census.

Fort Washington State Park
Fort Washington State Park is a 493-acre (200 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Springfield and Whitemarsh Townships in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. The park is noted for the springtime flowering of dogwood trees, and is popular with families for picnics and hiking. It is approximately 17 miles (27 km) north of Philadelphia, 2 miles (3.2 km)  from exit 339 of the Pennsylvania Turnpike.
Le Charivari
Le Charivari was an illustrated magazine published in Paris, France, from 1832 to 1937.  It published caricatures, political cartoons and reviews. After 1835, when the government banned political caricature, Le Charivari began publishing satires of everyday life.  The name refers to the folk practice of holding a charivari, a loud, riotous parade, to shame or punish wrongdoers.

Nadar
Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (French: [ɡaspaʁ feliks tuʁnaʃɔ̃]; 5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910), known by the pseudonym Nadar (French: [nadaʁ]) or Félix Nadar, was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist who was a proponent of heavier-than-air flight. In 1858, he became the first person to take aerial photographs. Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many of the great national collections of photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after his death.
Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine
Frederick II (c. 1165 – c. 1213) was the Duke of Lorraine from 7 April 1206 until his death in 1213. He was the son of Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine and Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla of Greater Poland. He succeeded his father as Duke of Lorraine upon his father's death.

Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla of Greater Poland
Wierzchoslawa Ludmilla of Greater Poland (Polish: Wierzchosława Ludmiła Mieszkówna; b. bef. 1153 – d. bef. 1223), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast, by marriage Lady of Bitsch and during 1205-1206 Duchess of Lorraine.

She was the second daughter and fourth child of Mieszko III the Old, Duke of Greater Poland and since 1173 High Duke of Poland, by his first wife Elisabeth, daughter of King Béla II of Hungary. Her name was probably given after High Duchess Viacheslava of Novgorod, wife of Bolesław IV the Curly, the ruling High Duke of Poland; with this gesture, Duke Mieszko III maybe showed an expression of warming relations between him and his brother the High Duke.
The Nothing Factory
The Nothing Factory (Portuguese: A Fábrica de Nada) is a 2017 Portuguese drama film directed by Pedro Pinho, whose prior works were documentaries. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival and the Bright Future section at the International Film Festival Rotterdam. At Cannes it won the FIPRESCI Prize.

2017 Cannes Film Festival
The 70th Cannes Film Festival took place from 17 to 28 May 2017, in Cannes, France. Spanish filmmaker Pedro Almodóvar was the president of the jury for the main competition. Italian actress Monica Bellucci hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. Swedish filmmaker Ruben Östlund won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for his comedy-drama film The Square.

The festival celebrated its 70th edition with a special anniversary section featuring some of the new works from well established filmmakers. The official poster of the festival featured Italian actress Claudia Cardinale. The actress responded: "'I am honored and proud to be flying the flag for the 70th Festival de Cannes, and delighted with this choice of photo. It's the image I myself have of the Festival, of an event that illuminates everything around ... Happy anniversary!"

The festival opened with Ismael's Ghosts by Arnaud Desplechin, and closed with The Square.
Hi Fi (album)
Hi Fi is the fourth studio album by Hugh Cornwell, released on 2 October 2000 by Koch Entertainment.

It is produced by Laurie Latham, who also worked on Cornwell's previous album Guilty (1997). All instrumentation is by Cornwell with appearances from Justin Chapman (drums), Michelle Marti (bass) and Mike Polson (guitar) from his touring band, a string quartet, and harmonica player John Dominic (ex-the Bo Street Runners, Deborah Bonham Band).

In 2001, the album was released in the US (Koch) and Europe (Edel) under the same title but with different artwork, an additional version of "Gingerbread Girl" and two live tracks.

A remixed and remastered vinyl edition of Hi Fi was released by Cornwell's own HIS Records in 2021. It was released in a limited edition of 500 copies, with new cover art work, and with the original track listing.

Hugh Cornwell
Hugh Alan Cornwell (born 28 August 1949) is an English musician, singer-songwriter and writer, best known for being the lead vocalist and lead guitarist for the punk rock and new wave band the Stranglers from 1974 to 1990. Since leaving the Stranglers, Cornwell has recorded a further ten solo studio albums and continues to record and perform live.
Diorama (Kenshi Yonezu album)
Diorama is the first album by Japanese musician Kenshi Yonezu. It was released on May 16, 2012. It was the first studio album released under his real name, and the first to use his own voice as opposed to his Vocaloid albums released under the name Hachi. The album was one of the top independent releases in Japan in 2012, and was one of the winners of the 5th CD Shop Awards.

Kenshi Yonezu
Kenshi Yonezu (米津 玄師, Yonezu Kenshi; born March 10, 1991) is a Japanese singer and songwriter. He started releasing Vocaloid music under the stage name Hachi (ハチ) in 2009. In 2012, he debuted under his real name, releasing music with his own voice. He has sold at least 4.2 million physical copies and over 7 million digital copies in Japan.

Yonezu's 2018 single "Lemon" became his biggest hit in Japan, topping the Billboard Japan Hot 100 year-end chart for two consecutive years (2018–2019). His 2022 song "Kick Back" is his most successful single to date outside Japan, debuting on international charts including UK Rock & Metal Singles and US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs, and was certified Platinum by the RIAA for 1,000,000 sold copies in the United States, becoming the first song with Japanese lyrics to achieve it.
Hermione Norris
Hermione Norris is an English actress. She attended the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in the 1980s, before taking small roles in theatre and on television. In 1996, she was cast in her breakout role of Karen Marsden in the comedy drama television series Cold Feet. She appeared in every episode of the series from 1998 to 2003 and was nominated for a British Comedy Award.

From 2002 to 2005, Norris co-starred in the crime drama series Wire in the Blood as Carol Jordan, and from 2005 to 2009 co-starred in the BBC One spy drama Spooks as Ros Myers. Her role in Spooks won her the award for Best Actress at the 2008 ITV3 Crime Thriller Awards, and another nomination the next year. From 2007 to 2009, she co-starred in the ITV comedy drama Kingdom. In 2020, she appeared in the Australian thriller series Between Two Worlds.

Ros Myers
Rosalind Sarah Myers is a fictional character from the BBC television series Spooks, which follows the exploits of Section D, a counter-terrorism division in MI5.

She is portrayed by British actress Hermione Norris. The character was a former MI6 officer who joins MI5 in the fifth series.
Fremantle submarine base
Fremantle submarine base was the utilisation of Fremantle Harbour as a submarine base in World War II. The submarine base was second only to Pearl Harbor in the Pacific theatre, with US, British and Dutch submarines operating from Fremantle during the war. US submarines operating from Fremantle accounted for approximately one quarter of all US submarine patrols in the Pacific.

USS Bullhead
USS Bullhead (SS-332), a Balao-class submarine, was the last US Navy ship sunk by enemy action during World War II, probably on the same day that an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. She was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the bullhead (a name given to a number of large-headed bottom-dwelling fish, especially the catfish, miller's thumb, and sculpin).
Cortes 'C'
Cortes 'C', or Cortes, (April 24, 2002 – July 13, 2023) was a horse ridden by four-time U.S. Olympian Beezie Madden in show jumping. He was owned by Abigail Wexner. The pair have won many competitions and have competed in the Olympics together, including being named the 2014 United States Equestrian Federation (USEF) International Horse of the Year.

Beezie Madden
Elizabeth Madden (née Patton; born 20 November 1963) is an American Olympic champion equestrian competing in show jumping. She has two Olympic golds and one silver in team jumping, and an individual bronze. She won the FEI Show Jumping World Cup twice; won two silvers and two bronzes at World Championships; and won two golds, one silver and two bronzes at the Pan American Games. She was the first American to break into the international top three show jumping ranking, and the first woman to win over one million dollars in show jumping prize money.

She competed at the 2004 Athens Olympics, winning team gold for the United States; at the 2008 Beijing Olympics winning team gold and individual bronze; at the 2012 London Olympics; and at the 2016 Rio Olympics winning team silver. She and her husband John Madden own and operate John Madden Sales, a horse training and sales business, out of Cazenovia, New York.
Godmoma
Godmoma was a trio of female vocalists. The trio consisted of Cynthia Girty, Carolyn Myles, and Tony Walker.

Godmoma released one album, Godmoma Here, in 1981, on Elektra Records. Godmoma Here was produced by P-Funk bassist Bootsy Collins and included musical contributions by Sly Stone, Fred Wesley, Maceo Parker, and Catfish Collins, among others.

In 1980, Godmoma performed vocals on Collins' Ultra Wave album. They have contributed to some of his other albums, including The One Giveth, the Count Taketh Away (1982), What's Bootsy Doin'? (1988), and Blasters of the Universe (1994).

As individuals, the members of Godmoma have worked with artists such as Bobby Womack and David Ruffin.

Ultra Wave
Ultra Wave is the fifth album released by funk musician Bootsy Collins. It was released on November 12, 1980, by Warner Bros. Records. It is the first album credited solely to Bootsy Collins, as opposed to his previous releases, which were credited to Bootsy's Rubber Band. In 2007, "Ultra Wave" was licensed through Rhino Records and reissued through the Collectors Choice music service.
Naam Japo
In Sikhism, Nām Japō 
(Punjabi: ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ, pronunciation: [näːm d͡ʒəpo]), also known as Naam Japna or Naam Simran, is the remembrance of God or the Akal Purkh, the supreme formless power that is timeless and immortal, through the  meditation or contemplation of the various Names of God (or qualities of God), especially the chanting of the word "Waheguru" ('Wonderful Lord') representing the formless being, the creator of all the forms, and the being omnipresent in all forms.

Less commonly, it is the vocal singing of hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib; Singing of hymns with musical accompaniment is generally referred to as kirtan. While contemplating God's names a devotee is able to get nām, the divine connection with God. Through nām, the devotees are able to harness Godly qualities and remove the five thieves.

Nāma
Nāma is Sanskrit for name. In this context its meaning is the creative power. Alternate meanings in the Granth Sahib include shabda (word), kirtan (melody). In Arabic it is kalam (kalam meaning "pen") "a" indicates something that's written by pen, in Chinese it means Tao. Simran means repetition of, or meditation on, the name of the divine and is the principal method or tool which is meant to unite the soul with the Paramatman, or God.
Tim Worner
Tim Worner is an Australian business executive. He was the chief executive officer of Seven West Media from December 2011 until August 2019. He was previously the CEO of the Seven Network. He succeeded his longtime mentor David Leckie for that role in December 2011.

Seven West Media
Seven West Media Limited was an Australian diversified media business, with an extensive presence in broadcast television, radio, print and online publishing.

Seven West Media owned the Seven Network, Australia's second-largest commercial television network (by audience and advertising market share). It also owned The West Australian, The Sunday Times and the Community Newspaper Group.

Seven Group Holdings Ltd (SGH), a company controlled by Australian Capital Equity, was Seven West Media's largest shareholder, with over $1 billion in Seven West Media shares and $250 million of Seven West Media convertible preference shares (CPS).

In September 2025, Seven West Media and Southern Cross Media Group announced their intention to merge. The merger was completed on 7 January 2026.
Bloomery, Hampshire County, West Virginia
Bloomery is an unincorporated community in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Bloomery is northwest of Winchester, Virginia, along the Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 127). According to the 2000 census, the Bloomery had a population of 321.

Bloomery was named for its one-time importance as a center of bloomeries for iron smelting.

Hampshire County, West Virginia
Hampshire County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,093. Its county seat is Romney, West Virginia's oldest town (1762). The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1754, from parts of Frederick and Augusta Counties (Virginia) and is the state's oldest county. The county lies in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands region.

Hampshire County is part of the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Loch a Tuath (ward)
Loch a Tuath (Scottish Gaelic for 'Broad Bay', lit. 'North Loch'') is one of the 11 wards of Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Scottish Gaelic for 'Council of the Western Isles'). Created in 2007, the ward elects three councillors using the single transferable vote electoral system and covers an area with a population of 2,654 people.

Independents have dominated elections in the Western Isles and the majority of councillors elected in the area have had no party affiliation. However, since 2012, the Scottish National Party (SNP) have held one of the seats.

Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Scottish Gaelic for 'Council of the Western Isles'; Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈkʰõ.ərˠʎə nə ˈɲelan ˈʃiəɾ]) is the local authority for Na h-Eileanan an Iar (the Western Isles, also known as the Outer Hebrides), one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It is based in Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis.
Giulianova
Giulianova (Giuliese: Gigljië [ˈdʒiʝʝə]) is a coastal town and comune in the province of Teramo, Abruzzo region, Italy. The comune also has city (Italian: città) status, thus also known as Città di Giulianova.

Province of Teramo
The province of Teramo (Italian: provincia di Teramo; Abruzzese: pruvìngie de Tèreme) is a province in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Teramo. The province has an area of 1,948 square kilometres (752 sq mi), a population of 313,029 (2012), and is subdivided into 47 comuni (sg.: comune), see comunes of the province of Teramo. The province of Teramo shares its northern border with the province of Ascoli Piceno in the Marche region, southern and southwestern borders with the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region, and a western border with the province of Rieti in the Lazio region. To the south is the province of Pescara in the Abruzzo region and to the east is the Adriatic Sea.
Cillian O'Connor
Cillian O'Connor (born 1992) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Ballintubber and the Mayo county team. O'Connor is the leading all-time top scorer in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship

Ballintubber GAA
Ballintubber GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club, based in Ballintubber, County Mayo, Ireland. The club is a member of the Mayo GAA county board, and fields Gaelic football teams in competitions run by the board. Ballintubber's home pitch is located at the Ray Prendergast Memorial Park, Carrowkeel, Clogher, Claremorris, County Mayo. Ireland.
Ned McWherter
Ned Ray McWherter (October 15, 1930 – April 4, 2011) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 46th Governor of Tennessee, from 1987 to 1995.  Prior to that, he served as Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1973 to 1987, the longest tenure as Speaker up to that time.: 79  He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Governor of Tennessee
The governor of Tennessee is the head of government of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor is the only official in the Tennessee state government who is directly elected by the voters of the entire state.

The current governor is Bill Lee, a member of the Republican Party, who took office on January 19, 2019, as the state's 50th governor. He was re-elected to serve a second term in 2022.
NetCDF
NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a set of software libraries and self-describing, machine-independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. The project homepage is hosted by the Unidata program at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). They are also the chief source of netCDF software, standards development, updates, etc. The format is an open standard. NetCDF Classic and 64-bit Offset Format are an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium.

Message Passing Interface
The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a portable message-passing standard designed to function on parallel computing architectures.  The MPI standard defines the syntax and semantics of library routines that are useful to a wide range of users writing portable message-passing programs in C, C++, and Fortran. There are several open-source MPI implementations, which fostered the development of a parallel software industry, and encouraged development of portable and scalable large-scale parallel applications.
Growing Up Aboriginal in Australia
Growing Up Aboriginal in Australia is a 2018 biographical anthology compiled and edited by Anita Heiss and published by Black Inc. It includes 52 short written pieces by Aboriginal Australians from many walks of life and discusses issues like Australian history of colonisation and assimilation, activism, significance of country, culture and language, identity and intersectionality, family, and racism. Notable contributors include poet Tony Birch, singer Deborah Cheetham, Australian rules footballer Adam Goodes, and actress Miranda Tapsell. The book won the 2019 Small Publishers' Adult Book of the Year award at the Australian Book Industry Awards.

Australian Book Industry Awards
The Australian Book Industry Awards (ABIA) are publishers' and literary awards held by the Australian Publishers Association (APA) annually in Australia since 2001.

The awards celebrate "the achievements of authors and publishers in bringing Australian books to readers". Award recipients are first selected by an academy of more than 200 industry professionals, and then a shortlist and winners are chosen by judging panels.

In 2025, ABIA is presenting 14 book awards, eight business awards, and the Lloyd O’Neil and Pixie O’Harris awards.
Busemann–Petty problem
In the mathematical field of convex geometry, the Busemann–Petty problem, introduced by Herbert Busemann and Clinton Myers Petty (1956, problem 1), asks whether it is true that a symmetric convex body with larger central hyperplane sections has larger volume. More precisely, if K, T are symmetric convex bodies in Rn such that

for every hyperplane A passing through the origin, is it true that Voln K ≤ Voln T?

Busemann and Petty showed that the answer is positive if K is a ball. In general, the answer is positive in dimensions at most 4, and negative in dimensions at least 5.

Herbert Busemann
Herbert Busemann (12 May 1905 – 3 February 1994) was a German-American mathematician specializing in convex and differential geometry.  He is the author of Busemann's theorem in Euclidean geometry and geometric tomography.  He was a member of the Royal Danish Academy and a winner of the Lobachevsky Medal (1985), the first American mathematician to receive it.  He was also a Fulbright scholar in New Zealand in 1952.
Bits and Pieces (album)
Bits and Pieces is the fifth compilation of material from comedy duo Scared Weird Little Guys. The album was released in May 2004.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2004 the album won the ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release.

2004 ARIA Music Awards
The 18th Annual Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as ARIA Music Awards or simply the ARIAs) were held on 17 October 2004 at the Sydney SuperDome within the Sydney Olympic Complex. The ceremony, hosted by Rove McManus and produced by Roving Enterprises for Network Ten, was held for the first time on a Sunday night and averaged 1.39 million viewers. The 2004 ARIA Fine Arts Awards had been presented at a ceremony weeks earlier.
Ḍ
Ḍ (minuscule: ḍ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from D with the addition of a dot diacritic.

In the transcription of Afro-Asiatic languages such as Arabic, ⟨ḍ⟩ represents an "emphatic" consonant [dˤ], and is used for that purpose in the Berber Latin alphabet.

In the transcription of Indic and East Iranian languages, and in the orthography of the O'odham and Sicilian languages, ⟨ḍ⟩ represents a retroflex [ɖ]. This was used in a former transcription of Javanese, but has been replaced by ⟨dh⟩.

In modern discussion of Early Old French (9th-11th centuries), it represents a voiced dental fricative, [ð], a sound that disappeared by the time of late 12th-century Old French as reflected in new spellings. Examples: riḍre "to laugh" (later rire), aiméḍe "loved" (feminine singular past participle, later aimée).

Dot (diacritic)
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot primarily refers to the glyphs "combining dot above" (◌̇),  and "combining dot below" (◌̣)
which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in 
a variety of languages. Similar marks are used with other scripts.