hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Edgar Cohen
William Edgar Cohen (November 2, 1941 – May 20, 2014) was the president of CNS Productions, Inc. and co-author of Uppers, Downers, All Arounders, a textbook on the neurochemistry and neuropharmacology of psychoactive drugs.  Additionally, he wrote and directed over two hundred teaching films and documentaries. Cohen was born in Washington, D.C., and raised in New York City.

Darryl S. Inaba
Darryl S. Inaba (born June 16, 1946) is an American pharmacist who is the remaining owner and President of CNS Productions, Inc. in Medford, OR.  He is an associate professor of Pharmacology at the UCSF Medical Center in San Francisco, California, and the Director of Clinical and Behavioral Health Services at ARC (Addiction Recovery Center) in Medford, Oregon. He is also special consultant and instructor for the University of Utah School of Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies, as well as the Director of Education and Research at CNS Productions. Dr. Inaba is also on the editorial board of the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, which has been published since 1967.
Vector Sport
Vector Sport is a British sports car racing team currently competing in the European Le Mans Series. Founded in 2021 by Gary Holland, a former team manager at Jota Sport and Dragon Racing, the Silverstone-based outfit has focused its on-track operations on the LMP2 class, entering the FIA World Endurance Championship in 2022 and 2023.

At the end of 2022, Vector agreed a technical partnership to run the Isotta Fraschini Tipo 6 LMH-C in the Le Mans Hypercar category in 2024. However, the teams split amidst alleged contract breaches on the part of Isotta Fraschini, who later partnered with Duqueine Team.

Isotta Fraschini
Isotta Fraschini (Italian pronunciation: [iˈzɔtta fraˈskiːni]) is an Italian luxury car manufacturer, also producing trucks, as well as engines for marine and aviation use. Founded in Milan, Italy, in 1900 by Cesare Isotta and the brothers Vincenzo, Antonio, and Oreste Fraschini, in 1955 it was merged with engine manufacturer Breda Motori and renamed F.A. Isotta Fraschini e Motori Breda.
LaChanze
LaChanze Sapp-Gooding, known professionally as LaChanze (/ləˈʃɑːnz/; born December 16, 1961), is an American actress, theater producer, singer, and dancer. She won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 2006 for her role as Celie Harris Johnson in The Color Purple. LaChanze has subsequently received four more Tony Awards for co-producing Kimberly Akimbo, Topdog/Underdog, The Outsiders, and Purpose.

If/Then
If/Then is a musical with a libretto by Brian Yorkey and a theatrical score by Tom Kitt, directed by Michael Greif. It tells the story of a 38-year-old woman named Elizabeth who moves back to New York City for a fresh start.

If/Then began previews on Broadway at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on March 5, 2014, opened on March 30, 2014, and closed on March 22, 2015, a total of 401 performances and 29 previews. The cast recording was released by Masterworks Broadway on June 3, 2014, and debuted at number 19 on the Billboard 200, the highest-charting Broadway cast recording since the cast recording of The Book of Mormon was released in 2011.

If/Then started its national tour in Denver, Colorado, on October 13, 2015. On January 27, 2016, Jackie Burns replaced Idina Menzel as Elizabeth for the remainder of the tour.
Grinnell Peninsula
Grinnell Peninsula is a peninsula of northwestern Devon Island in Nunavut, Canada.

It was sighted by the First Grinnell Expedition in 1850 and named "Grinnell Land" after Henry Grinnell, who had co-financed the expedition. The expedition leaders were uncertain at the time if the new land was part of Devon Island, Cornwallis Island, or a previously uncharted island or northern continent.: 197  The name was not universally recognized, as British Admiralty charts of 1851 listed it as "Albert Land" (after Prince Albert) based on Royal Navy observations.: 203–207

First Grinnell expedition
The First Grinnell expedition of 1850 was the first American effort, financed by Henry Grinnell, to determine the fate of the lost Franklin Northwest Passage expedition. Led by Lieutenant Edwin De Haven, the team explored the accessible areas along Franklin's proposed route. In coordination with British expeditions, they identified the remains of Franklin's Beechey Island winter camp, providing the first solid clues to Franklin's activities during the winter of 1845, before becoming icebound themselves.
Mahanayaka
Mahanayaka (also spelled as Maha Nayaka, Maha Nayake) Theras are high-ranking Buddhist monks who oversee and regulate the Buddhist clergy in Theravada Buddhist countries. The title Maha Nayaka translates to English as 'Great Leader' and it is considered to be a very important position held by a monk in a Theravada Buddhist country. It is usually bestowed upon the senior Buddhist monks who are appointed the Chief Prelates of monastic fraternities known as Nikayas.

Rāmañña Nikāya
Rāmañña Nikāya (රාමඤ්ඤ නිකාය, also spelled Ramanya Nikaya) was one of the three major Buddhist orders in Sri Lanka. It was founded in 1864 when Ambagahawatte Saranankara, returned to Sri Lanka after being ordained by the Neyyadhamma Munivara Sangharaja of Ratnapunna Vihara in Burma. It was one of three Sri Lankan orthodox Buddhist monastic orders, along with Siam Nikaya and Amarapura Nikaya. On 16 August 2019, the Amarapura and Rammana Nikaya were unified as the Amarapura–Rāmañña Nikāya, making it the largest Buddhist fraternity in Sri Lanka.
Owan West
Owan West is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Its headquarter is in the town of Sabongida Ora.

It had an area of 732 km2 and a population of 97,388 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 313.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Kierpajny Wielkie
Kierpajny Wielkie [kʲɛrˈpai̯nɨ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Gmina Pieniężno
Gmina Pieniężno is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Pieniężno, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south-east of Braniewo and 55 km (34 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 241.43 square kilometres (93.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,789 (out of which the population of Pieniężno amounts to 2,915, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,874).
Gwrtheyrnion
Gwrtheyrnion or Gwerthrynion was a commote in medieval Wales, located in Mid Wales on the north side of the River Wye; its historical centre was Rhayader. It is said to have taken its name from the legendary king Vortigern (Welsh: Gwrtheyrn). For most of the medieval era, it was associated with the cantref of Buellt and then Elfael, small regional kingdoms whose rulers operated independently of other powers. In the Norman era, like the rest of the region between Wye and Severn it came to be dominated by Marcher Lordships.

Rhwng Gwy a Hafren
Rhwng Gwy a Hafren (Welsh for 'between [the] Wye and Severn') was a region of medieval Wales, located in the Welsh Marches between Powys to the north and Brycheiniog to the south. It was bounded by the rivers Wye (Gwy) and Severn (Hafren). It covered about the same territory as Radnorshire, now part of the county of Powys. The region first came into its own in the 9th or 10th centuries, when it was ruled by leaders who operated independently of the surrounding kingdoms. After the Norman invasion, it comprised the central part of the Welsh Marches and was the site of frequent struggles between Welsh and Norman forces.
Perplexity
In information theory, perplexity is a measure of uncertainty for a discrete probability distribution. The perplexity of a fair coin toss is 2, and that of a fair die roll is 6; and generally, for a probability distribution with exactly N outcomes each having a probability of exactly 1 / N, the perplexity is simply N. But perplexity can also be applied to unfair dice, and to other non-uniform probability distributions. It can be defined as the exponentiation of the information entropy. The larger the perplexity, the less likely it is that an observer can guess the value which will be drawn from the distribution.

Perplexity was originally introduced in 1977 in the context of speech recognition by Frederick Jelinek,  Robert Leroy Mercer, Lalit R. Bahl, and James K. Baker.

Frederick Jelinek
Frederick Jelinek (18 November 1932 – 14 September 2010) was a Czech-American researcher in information theory, automatic speech recognition, and natural language processing. He is well known for his oft-quoted statement, "Every time I fire a linguist, the performance of the speech recognizer goes up".

Jelinek was born in Czechoslovakia before World War II and emigrated with his family to the United States in the early years of the communist regime. He studied engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and taught for 10 years at Cornell University before accepting a job at IBM Research. In 1961, he married Czech screenwriter Milena Jelinek. At IBM, his team advanced approaches to computer speech recognition and machine translation. After IBM, he went to head the Center for Language and Speech Processing at Johns Hopkins University for 17 years, where he was still working on the day he died.
Newton County School System
The Newton County Schools System is a public school district in Newton County, Georgia, United States, based in Covington.

It includes all areas of the county except for areas in Social Circle; portions in Social Circle are in the Social Circle City School District. It serves the communities of Covington, Mansfield, Newborn, Oxford, and Porterdale.

Newton County, Georgia
Newton County is a county located in the East Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,483. The county seat is Covington. Newton County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA.
St George's Church, Isle of Man
St George's Church is an Anglican church in Douglas, Isle of Man and falls within the Diocese of Sodor and Man. It was formerly one of two worship centres in association with All Saints Church, Douglas.

Nelly Brennan
Eleanor (Nelly) Brennan, (26 January 1792 – 23 January 1859) was a Manx washerwoman who became instrumental in the introduction of the practices of nursing on the Isle of Man. She came to prominence during the cholera outbreaks which affected the town of Douglas in 1832 and 1833 in which she nursed those suffering from the disease. This has led to her becoming known as the "Florence Nightingale of the Isle of Man."
White Nights (1957 film)
White Nights (Italian: Le notti bianche), is a 1957 romantic melodrama film directed by Luchino Visconti, based on Fyodor Dostoevsky’s 1848 short story of the same name. It was written for the screen by Visconti and Suso Cecchi d'Amico, and stars Maria Schell, Marcello Mastroianni, and Jean Marais. The film received positive reviews from critics and audiences, and won the Silver Lion at the 18th Venice International Film Festival.

White Nights (short story)
"White Nights" (Russian: Белые ночи, romanized: Belye nochi; original spelling Бѣлыя ночи, Beliya nochi) is a short story by Fyodor Dostoevsky, originally published in 1848,  early in the writer's career.

Like many of Dostoevsky's stories, "White Nights" is told in the first person by a nameless narrator. The narrator is a young man living in Saint Petersburg who suffers from loneliness. He gets to know and falls in love with a young woman, but the love remains unrequited as the woman misses her lover, with whom she is finally reunited.
History of the DC Universe
History of the DC Universe is a two-issue comic book limited series created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez which was published by DC Comics following the end of Crisis on Infinite Earths.

Steve Lightle
Steve Lightle (November 19, 1959 – January 8, 2021) was an American comics artist who worked primarily as a penciller. He was best known as the artist of DC Comics' Legion of Super-Heroes and Doom Patrol titles.
No Man Is an Island (film)
No Man Is an Island is a 1962 war film based on a true story about the exploits of George Ray Tweed, a United States Navy radioman who avoided capture and execution by the Japanese during their years-long World War II occupation of Guam. It stars Jeffrey Hunter as Tweed. The film was shot entirely in the Philippines and all the supporting actors spoke Tagalog rather than Chamorro, to the amusement of Chamorros who saw the film.

George Ray Tweed
George Ray Tweed (July 2, 1902 – January 16, 1989) was a decorated radioman in the United States Navy who served during World War II. He is most famous for evading Japanese capture for two years and seven months after the surrender of the U.S garrison on Guam in 1941.
Castle in the Air (film)
Castle in the Air is a 1952 British comedy film directed by Henry Cass and starring David Tomlinson, Helen Cherry and Margaret Rutherford. The screenplay was by Edward Dryhurst and Alan Melville based on Melville's 1949 stage play of the same title. Produced by ABPC, the film was made at the company's Elstree Studios.

Castle in the Air (play)
Castle in the Air is a comedy play by the British writer Alan Melville, which was originally performed in 1949.

It premiered at the Coventry Hippodrome on 20 September 1949 before transferring to London's West End where it ran for 292 performances between 7 December 1949 and 17 August 1950, initially at the Adelphi Theatre before moving to the Savoy. The original London cast featured Jack Buchanan, William Kendall, Ewan Roberts, Coral Browne and Irene Manning. It was directed by Roy Rich.

In 1952 it was adapted into a British film of the same title directed by Henry Cass and starring David Tomlinson, Helen Cherry and Margaret Rutherford.
Dieter Vieweger
Dieter Vieweger, a Biblical scholar and Prehistoric Archaeologist, was born in Chemnitz, East Germany in 1958. He studied Theology (Old Testament Studies) and Prehistoric Archaeology in Leipzig and Frankfurt am Main. After that he held a number of distinguished research and educational positions. Today he teaches at the „Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal“, and the universities of Münster and Witten-Herdecke while also being the director of scientific institutes in Jerusalem and Amman as well as in Wuppertal.

German Archaeological Institute
The German Archaeological Institute (German: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, DAI) is a research institute in the field of archaeology (and other related fields). The DAI is a "federal agency" under the Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
Lake Kuyucuk
Lake Kuyucuk (Turkish: Kuyucuk Gölü), is a small shallow lake located in Arpaçay district of Kars Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It has an area of 245 ha (2.45 km2) and a maximum depth at 13 m (43 ft). The lake area is an internationally recognized Ramsar site, important for its ornithofauna, and a tourist wildlife reserve.

Arpaçay
Arpaçay (Armenian: Զարիշատ, romanized: Zarishat) is a town in Kars Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Arpaçay District. It has a population of 2,344 (2022). The mayor is Erçetin Altay (AKP). The town is populated by Karapapakhs.
Île d'Yeu Aerodrome
Île d'Yeu Aerodrome or Aérodrome d'Ile d'Yeu - Grand Phare (IATA: IDY, ICAO: LFEY) is an airport located 3.5 km west of Port-Joinville on the island of Île d'Yeu, a commune of the Vendée département in the Pays de la Loire région of France.
46°43′03″N 002°23′33″W﻿ / ﻿46.71750°N 2.39250°W﻿ / 46.71750; -2.39250

Île d'Yeu
Île d'Yeu (French pronunciation: [il djø]) or L'Île-d'Yeu, is an island and commune just off the Vendée coast of western France. The island's two harbours, Port-Joinville in the north and Port de la Meule to the south, in a rocky inlet of the southern granite coast, are famous for tuna and lobster fishing, respectively.

Administratively, the commune of L'Île-d'Yeu is part of the Vendée department and the Pays de la Loire region of France.
Nomoneas
Nomoneas are a group of islands of Chuuk Lagoon, Chuuk, Micronesia. They are part of the Caroline Islands.

Administratively they are divided into two districts: Northern Nomoneas and Southern Nomoneas. The main islands of Northern Nomoneas are Fono, Piis-Penau, and Weno. The main islands of Southern Nomoneas are Fefan, Param, Tonowas, Tsis, and Uman.

Chuuk Lagoon
Chuuk Lagoon, previously Truk Atoll, is an atoll in the central Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1,800 kilometres (970 nautical miles) northeast of New Guinea and is part of Chuuk State within the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). A protective reef, 225 kilometres (140 mi) around, encloses a natural harbour 79 by 50 km (43 nmi × 27 nmi), with an area of 2,130 km2 (820 sq mi). It has a land area of 93.07 square kilometres (35.93 square miles), with a population of 36,158 people and a maximal elevation of 443 metres (1,453 ft). Weno city on Weno (formerly Moen) Island functions as both the atoll's capital and the state capital, and is the largest city in the FSM with its 13,700 people.

Chuuk Lagoon was the Empire of Japan's main naval base in the South Pacific theatre during World War II. It was the site of a major U.S. attack during Operation Hailstone in February 1944, and Operation Inmate, a small assault conducted by British and Canadian forces during June 1945.
High Evolutionary
The High Evolutionary (Herbert Edgar Wyndham) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is depicted as a scientist who seeks to evolve different life forms such as the New Men. The High Evolutionary's goals have often put him at odds with different superheroes.

Originally introduced as an antagonist in the Thor comics, the High Evolutionary would go on to feature prominently in storylines involving the Fantastic Four and the Silver Surfer. His backstory was later connected to the X-Men villain Mister Sinister, while the High Evolutionary became integral to the origin stories of the Avengers heroes Scarlet Witch, Quicksilver, and Spider-Woman.

Chukwudi Iwuji portrays the High Evolutionary in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 (2023). Additionally, Richard Newman, Jonathan Frakes, Corey Burton, and Nolan North have voiced the character in animation.

Beyonders
The Beyonders are a fictional higher-dimensional race appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They live outside the Marvel Multiverse and are responsible for the Multiverse's destruction during Jonathan Hickman's Avengers (2012), New Avengers (2013), and Secret Wars (2015) saga.
Pett dynasty
The so-called Pett dynasty was a family of shipwrights who prospered in England between the 15th and 17th centuries. It was once said of the family that they were "so knit together that the Devil himself could not discover them". This saying refers to the era during which Samuel Pepys was much involved in getting royal aid for Ann Pett, widow of Christopher Pett. The Petts Wood district of south-east London is named for the family.

Petts Wood
Petts Wood is a town in south-east London, England, previously located in the historic county of Kent. It lies south of Chislehurst, west of St Paul's Cray and Poverest, north of Orpington and Crofton, and east of Southborough and Bromley Common. The area forms part of the London Borough of Bromley local authority district in the ceremonial county of Greater London.
Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal
The Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal is a ferry terminal in Singapore, located at Changi. The terminal serves ferry services to the Indonesian islands of Batam and Bintan, and Desaru, in Johor, Malaysia. It is owned and managed by Singapore Cruise Centre.

Desaru
Desaru is a beach resort in Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia. Located 60km away from Malaysia's second largest city, Johor Bahru, it is famous for its pristine beach, water park and premium integrated resort, facing the South China Sea, and recently became a popular camping spot with the influx of luxurious hotel resorts.

Desaru has been named one of the world's 100 greatest places in 2021 by Time magazine, the only destination in Malaysia to make into this list.
Shuffle algebra
In mathematics, a shuffle algebra is a Hopf algebra with a basis corresponding to words on some set, whose product is given by the shuffle product X ⧢ Y of two words X, Y: the sum of all ways of interlacing them.  The interlacing is given by the riffle shuffle permutation.

The shuffle algebra on a finite set is the graded dual of the universal enveloping algebra of the free Lie algebra on the set.

Over the rational numbers, the shuffle algebra is isomorphic to the polynomial algebra in the Lyndon words.

The shuffle product occurs in generic settings in non-commutative algebras; this is because it is able to preserve the relative order of factors being multiplied together - the riffle shuffle permutation. This can be held in contrast to the divided power structure, which becomes appropriate when factors are commutative.

Lyndon word
In mathematics, in the areas of combinatorics and computer science, a Lyndon word is a nonempty string that is strictly smaller in lexicographic order than all of its rotations. Lyndon words are named after mathematician Roger Lyndon, who investigated them in 1954, calling them standard lexicographic sequences. Anatoly Shirshov introduced Lyndon words in 1953 calling them regular words.  Lyndon words are a special case of Hall words; almost all properties of Lyndon words are shared by Hall words.
Get Out Your Handkerchiefs
Get Out Your Handkerchiefs (French: Préparez vos mouchoirs) is a 1978 French comedy film directed by Bertrand Blier and starring Carole Laure, Gérard Depardieu, Patrick Dewaere and Riton Liebman. The film won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 51st Academy Awards. Critic Arion Berger called it "a romantic comedy that bears no resemblance to romantic comedy as a genre".

The film tells the story of a ménage à trois in which two men share a woman to cure her of an unexplained depression, with many symptoms. Eventually, she begins an affair with an underage boy. The film employs heavy references to historical musician Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, combined with the music of the film's composer Georges Delerue, who won the César Award for Best Original Music. Get Out Your Handkerchiefs was a critical success.

Patrick Dewaere
Patrick Dewaere (26 January 1947 – 16 July 1982) was a French film actor. Born in Saint-Brieuc, Côtes-d'Armor, he was the son of French actress Mado Maurin. An actor from a young age, his career lasted more than 21 years until his suicide in Paris, in 1982.