hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dorsten
Dorsten (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʁstn̩] ⓘ; Westphalian: Dössen) is a town in the Recklinghausen district of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Dorsten has a population of about 75,000.

Dorsten is situated on the western rim of Westphalia bordering the Rhineland. Its historical old town lies on the south bank of the river Lippe and the Wesel–Datteln Canal and was granted city rights in 1251. During the twentieth century, the town was enlarged in its north by the villages of the former Herrlichkeit Lembeck. While Dorsten's northern districts are thus shaped by the  rural Münsterland with its many historical castles, just south of the town the Ruhr region begins, Germany's largest urban agglomeration with more than seven million inhabitants.

The exact linguistic derivation of the word "Dorsten" is unknown, leaving the meaning of the town's name unclear.

Lippe (river)
The Lippe (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪpə] ⓘ) is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Rhine and 220.3 km (136.9 mi) in length with an elevation difference of 125 metres and a catchment area of 4.890 km².
The source is located at the edge of the Teutoburg Forest in Bad Lippspringe close to the city of Paderborn. It runs westward through Paderborn, Lippstadt and then along the northern edge of the Ruhr area, parallel to the river Emscher and river Ruhr. The river finally enters the Rhine at Wesel.
Charles Morgan (automaker)
Charles Peter Henry Morgan (born 29 July 1951) is the former managing director of the Morgan Motor Company, a UK car manufacturer.

The grandson of the founder of the company, H.F.S. Morgan, and the son of the company's former chairman Peter Morgan, Charles Morgan, who had been educated at Oundle public school in the 1960s, joined the family firm full-time in 1985. Previously he had worked for 10 years as a news cameraman for ITN and then briefly in the publishing industry. After the Morgan Motor Company was featured on the BBC's Troubleshooter in 1991, he obtained an MBA. In 2013, he was removed as Morgan's managing director and continued as strategy director until October 2013, when he was voted off the company's board. He remains a minority shareholder.

He and the company and other family shareholders promptly sued each other.

In 2019, he and the family sold their entire interest in the company to InvestIndustriel.

Morgan Motor Company
Morgan Motor Company Limited is a British motor car manufacturer majority-owned by European investment group InvestIndustrial. Morgan was founded in 1910 by Henry Frederick Stanley Morgan. The company is based in Malvern Link, an area of Malvern, and employs approximately 220 people. As of September 2025, the company manufactures 630 cars per year.

Morgan cars are unusual in that wood (from the ash tree) has been used in their construction for a century, and is still used in the 21st century for framing the body shell. An Experience Centre and museum have exhibits about the company's history from Edwardian times until the present day, developments in automobile technology, and a display of its most prominent historical models. There are also guided tours of the factory, an on-site dealership and restaurant
Phạm Thị Liên
Phạm Thị Liên (范氏蓮, 1758–1791) was an empress consort of Tây Sơn dynasty, Vietnam.

Born in Quy Nhơn, Bình Định Province. According to Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện, she was maternal half-sister of Bùi Đắc Tuyên and Bùi Văn Nhật. She married Nguyễn Huệ, and was crowned the empress and received the noble title Chính Cung hoàng hậu (正宮皇后) when she was thirty. She had three sons and two daughters, the eldest son was Nguyễn Quang Toản.

Liên died in 1791, and received the posthumous name Nhân Cung Ðoan Tĩnh Trinh Thục Nhu Thuần Vũ Hoàng chính hậu (仁恭端靜貞淑武皇正后).

Nguyễn Quang Toản
Emperor Cảnh Thịnh (chữ Hán: 景盛), born Nguyễn Quang Toản (chữ Hán: 阮光纘; 1783–1802), was the third and last emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty. He followed his father Quang Trung (Nguyễn Huệ ruled 1788–1792) at the age of 9, and reigned for 10 years.

Cảnh Thịnh was defeated by the Nguyễn dynasty in 1802. He was taken, along with a number of his royalties, officials, and generals, to Phú Xuân. There, he was executed by Gia Long, first emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty.
Happily (film)
Happily is a 2021 American comedy thriller film written and directed by BenDavid Grabinski, in his directorial debut. It stars Joel McHale, Kerry Bishé, Stephen Root,  Natalie Morales, Paul Scheer and Natalie Zea.

It was released on March 19, 2021 by Saban Films.

BenDavid Grabinski
BenDavid Thomas Grabinski (born February 12, 1983) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer and television showrunner. He wrote and directed the 2026 buddy comedy film Mike & Nick & Nick & Alice starring Vince Vaughn, James Marsden, and Eiza González that is scheduled to headline the 2026 South by Southwest Film & TV Festival on March 14, 2026 and is distributed by Hulu. His directorial debut was the 2021 comedy thriller film Happily starring Joel McHale and Kerry Bishé.
Carrog
Carrog is a village in Denbighshire, Wales, near Corwen. Formerly referred to as Llansanffraid-Glyn Dyfrdwy, as it lies within the parish of Llansanffraid Glyndyfrdwy, it takes its modern name from the Great Western Railway station on the opposite bank of the River Dee, which in turn took its name (possibly to avoid confusion with the adjacent Glyn Dyfrdwy station and that in Llansanffraid Glan Conwy) from the Carrog estate on that bank. It is in the community of Corwen.

Carrog railway station is part of the Llangollen Railway and is a passing place on the line, now the extension to Corwen past the site of Bonwm has been opened. One notable resident of Carrog is Peredur Lynch who graduated from Bangor University to become a literary historian. Carrog has one primary school, Ysgol Carrog, which is over 100 years old.

River Dee, Wales
The River Dee (Welsh: Afon Dyfrdwy, Latin: Deva Fluvius) flows through North Wales and Cheshire, England. The majority of the river is located in Wales, with the stretch between Aldford and Saltney within England and two other sections forming the border between the two countries. The length of the section from Bala to Chester is 113 km (70 miles).

The river rises on Dduallt in Snowdonia and flows east through Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Corwen, and Llangollen. It turns north near Overton-on-Dee and forms part of the England–Wales border before fully entering England near Aldford, north-east of Wrexham. It flows through Chester then re-enters Wales near Saltney; the final section is canalised and discharges to the Irish Sea via an estuary 23 km (14 miles) long.
Desi DNA
Desi DNA is a British television show on the BBC covering Desi (North Indian) art, culture and entertainment that launched in 2003.

In 2004, Desi DNA received the Best Lifestyle Programme award from the Royal Television Society.

The show was broadcast on BBC Two and was co-presented by Adil Ray, Anita Rani and Nihal Arthanyake with additional contributions by Nikki Bedi, Sonia Deol, Bobby Friction, Murtz and a number of other presenters. Waheed Khan, Irshad Ashraf and Sangeeta Sehdev have all been directors on the show.

Nikki Bedi
Nikki Bedi (/ˈbeɪdi/ BAY-dee; née Moolgaoker; 9 September 1966) is a British television and radio presenter, born to an Indian father of Maharashtrian origin and an English mother. She was married to food stylist Sunil Vijayakar before her second marriage to Kabir Bedi from 1992 to 2005; she retained her married name after their divorce. She describes herself as "Indo-Anglian".

She writes and presents The Arts Hour and The Arts Hour on Tour for the BBC World Service, and co-hosted BBC Radio 4's Saturday Live.
Frederiksberg station
Frederiksberg station is an underground Copenhagen Metro station located at Falkonér Plads, off Falkonér Allé, in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The station is an interchange station between the M1/M2 and M3 lines and is in fare zone 2. Nearby landmarks include Frederiksberg Centret, Falkoner Center, Frederiksberg Gymnasium, Frederiksberg Central Library and Copenhagen Business School's Solbjerg Campus.

Copenhagen Business School
Copenhagen Business School (Danish: Handelshøjskolen i København), often abbreviated and referred to as CBS (also in Danish), is a public university situated in Copenhagen, Denmark. Founded in 1917, It is considered and ranked as one of the most prestigious business schools in Western Europe and the world.

CBS offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programmes within business, typically with an interdisciplinary and international focus. It is accredited by EQUIS (European Quality Improvement System), AMBA (Association of MBAs), as well as AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), making it one of the few schools worldwide to hold the "triple-crown" accreditation, and along with Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences, the only two in Denmark.

Since the Danish Universities Act of 2003, CBS has had a board of directors with an external majority. The Board of Directors appoints the President of CBS, who is currently Peter Møllgaard.
2012–13 Scottish Cup
The 2012–13 Scottish Cup was the 128th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament began on 4 August 2012 and ended on 26 May 2013. It was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in the second season of a three-year partnership and is known as the William Hill Scottish Cup. The winner of the competition qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League. The holders Hearts were knocked out by their Edinburgh rivals Hibernian in the fourth round, in a repeat of the previous season's final.

Edinburgh derby
The Edinburgh derby is an informal title given to any football match played between Scottish clubs Heart of Midlothian (Hearts) and Hibernian (Hibs), the two oldest professional clubs based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The two clubs have a fierce rivalry that dates back to the clubs being founded in the mid-1870s, which makes it one of the longest running rivalries in world football. The first match between the clubs was played on the Meadows on Christmas Day 1875.

The matches are normally played at either Easter Road or Tynecastle. They have been regularly played in the top level of the Scottish football league system, although derbies were played in the second tier during the 2014–15 season. The teams sometimes also play against one another in cup tournaments, such as the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup. The clubs have met twice in Scottish Cup finals, in 1896 and 2012, both of which were won by Hearts.
As-Safira District
as-Safira District (Arabic: منطقة السفيرة, romanized: manṭiqat as-Safīrah) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of as-Safira. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 178,293.

The main towns are as-Safira and Khanasir. The main economic activity is agriculture. Since ancient times, as-Safira was a fertile area where grains and other crops were harvested.

Districts of Syria
The 14 governorates of Syria, or muhafazat (sing. muhafazah), are divided into 65 districts, or manatiq (sing. mintaqah), including the city of Damascus. The districts are further divided into 281 subdistricts, or nawahi (sing. nahiya). Each district bears the same name as its district capital.

Districts and subdistricts are administered by officials appointed by the governor, subject to the approval of the minister of the interior. These officials work with elected district councils to attend to assorted local needs, and serve as intermediaries between central government authority and traditional local leaders, such as village chiefs, clan leaders, and councils of elders.
A Mighty Heart (film)
A Mighty Heart is a 2007 American drama film directed by Michael Winterbottom from a screenplay by John Orloff. It is based on the 2003 memoir of the same name by Mariane Pearl.

The film was screened out of competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, before being released in North America on June 22, 2007. A Mighty Heart was met with positive reviews from critics but was a box office failure.

2007 Cannes Film Festival
The 60th Cannes Film Festival was held from 16 to 27 May 2007.  British filmmaker Stephen Frears served as jury president for the main competition. Romanian filmmaker Cristian Mungiu won the Palme d'Or for the drama film 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days.

The official poster featured Pedro Almodóvar, Juliette Binoche, Jane Campion, Souleymane Cissé, Penélope Cruz, Gérard Depardieu, Samuel L. Jackson, Bruce Willis and Wong Kar-wai, all photographed by Alex Majoli, as a commemoration of the 60th festival edition.

The festival opened with My Blueberry Nights by Wong Kar-wai, and closed with Days of Darkness by Denys Arcand. German actress Diane Kruger was the mistress of ceremonies.
Fleming, Georgia
Fleming is an unincorporated community in Liberty County, Georgia, United States. The community is 10.2 miles (16.4 km) east-northeast of Hinesville. A post office at Fleming was established in 1869: 53  and remained in operation until March 9, 2013; it still has its ZIP code, 31309. As of the United States Census 2010, the population of the 31309 ZIP Code Tabulation Area was 1,210.

Liberty County, Georgia
Liberty County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population is 65,256. The county seat is Hinesville.

Liberty County is part of the Hinesville, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Savannah metropolitan area.
Massimiliano Massimo
Massimiliano Massimo (3 January 1849 – 6 May 1911) was an Italian Jesuit. He founded the Istituto Massimiliano Massimo at first dedicated to the Virgin Mary and now named after him.

His father was Prince Vittorio Emanuele (Camillo IX) of Rome. He traced his descent from Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus.

He was taught by the Jesuit astronomer Angelo Secchi, and joined the Jesuits in 1868, being ordained in 1876. He later inherited the Palazzo Peretti and, in 1879, made it available to the Jesuits for the re-foundation of a school to continue the Roman College's work in secondary education.

His works including supporting orphans and prison inmates, guiding the congregation of the church of Saint Ignazio, and taking part in the meetings of the Lazio regional committee of the Opera dei Congressi for the organization of the XI Italian Catholic Congress held in Rome and for the episcopal jubilee of Leo XIII.

Massimiliano Massimo Institute
The Massimiliano Massimo Institute (Istituto Massimiliano Massimo) is a Jesuit school in Rome. It is considered one of the most prestigious and exclusive schools in Rome. The school, with over 10,000 former students, has one of the most prestigious alumni registries in Italy.
Bronwyn Drainie
Bronwyn D. A. Drainie CM (born 1945) is a Canadian arts journalist. She was the editor-in-chief of  the Literary Review of Canada from 2003 to 2015. She has also been a columnist and book reviewer for The Globe and Mail. Drainie served as a host of programming on CBC Radio, including the flagship program Sunday Morning. She is the daughter of actors John Drainie and Claire Drainie Taylor.

She was appointed as a Member of the Order of Canada in 2023.

Sunday Morning (radio program)
Sunday Morning was a Canadian radio news and information program, which aired on CBC Radio One from 1976 to 1997.

Created by producer Mark Starowicz as a "Sunday New York Times of the air", the magazine style program was one of the highest-budget and highest-rated shows on CBC Radio during its run. Although the program's centrepiece was radio documentaries, the show also featured interviews, round table discussions, book reviews, arts reports, puzzles and various features designed to resemble an audio version of a high-end newspaper.
Alfred J. Andrea
Alfred John Andrea (born November 18, 1941) is an American historian of medieval and world history.

He is professor emeritus of History at the University of Vermont, former president of the World History Association, and Distinguished Professor at the University of the Peloponnese in Greece.

His scholarship has focused on the crusades, papal–Byzantine relations, the Silk Road, and the historiography of world history. He has been a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation since 1965.

Gunther of Pairis
Gunther of Pairis  (c. 1150 – c. 1220) was a German Cistercian monk and author, writing in Latin.

His best-known work is his Historia Constantinopolitana about the Fourth Crusade, in a mixture of prose and verse. It was based on the account of Martin of Pairis, abbot of Pairis Abbey, and includes the siege and looting of Constantinople. His is the only western account to state explicitly that the crusaders pillaged Greek churches, as the other accounts were written by the pillagers themselves, such as Geoffrey of Villehardouin, who wrote The Conquest of Constantinople.

Gunther also wrote Solimarius, about the First Crusade, and Ligurinus, an epic about Frederick Barbarossa.
Univerbation
In linguistics,   univerbation is the diachronic process of combining a fixed expression of several words into a new single word.

The univerbating process is epitomized in Talmy Givón's aphorism that "today's morphology is yesterday's syntax".

Thomas Givon
Thomas Givon (born 22 June 1936), also known as Talmy Givón, is a Palestinian linguist and writer. He is one of the founders of "West Coast Functionalism", today classified as a usage-based model of language, and of the linguistics department at the University of Oregon. Givón advocates an evolutionary approach to language and communication.
Flammarion (lunar crater)
Flammarion is a lunar impact crater on the south edge of Sinus Medii. Its diameter is 76 km. It is named after the French astronomer Camille Flammarion. It is located between the crater Mösting to the northwest and Herschel to the southeast. The bowl-shaped Mösting A intersects the western rim of Flammarion.

The worn outer wall of Flammarion is broken in the northwest, and the remainder is eroded and damaged. The most intact section of the wall lies to the southeast. A rille designated Rima Flammarion lies across the gap in the northwest rim, extending about 80 kilometers to the west-southwest. The crater floor has been flooded by lava, and is relatively smooth with only a few scattered craterlets to mark the surface.

Camille Flammarion
Nicolas Camille Flammarion FRAS (French: [nikɔla kamij flamaʁjɔ̃]; 26 February 1842 – 3 June 1925) was a French astronomer and author. He was a prolific author of more than fifty titles, including popular science works about astronomy, several notable early science fiction novels, and works on psychical research and related topics. He also published the magazine L'Astronomie, starting in 1882. He maintained a private observatory at Juvisy-sur-Orge, France.
1932 World Series
The 1932 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1932 season. The 29th edition of the World Series, it matched the American League champion New York Yankees versus the National League champions Chicago Cubs. The Yankees won in a four-game sweep. By far it is mostly noteworthy for Babe Ruth's "called shot" home run, in his 10th and last World Series. It was punctuated by fiery arguments between the two teams, heating up the atmosphere before the World Series even began. A record 13 future Hall of Famers played in this World Series, with three other future Hall of Famers also participating: umpire Bill Klem, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy, and Cubs manager Rogers Hornsby. It was also the first World Series in which both teams wore uniforms with numbers on the backs of the shirts.

Bill Klem
William Joseph Klem (born Klimm; February 22, 1874 – September 16, 1951), known as "the Old Arbitrator", was an American baseball umpire who worked in Major League Baseball from 1905 to 1941, spending his entire career in the National League (NL). He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record. Klem was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953 and was notably one of the first two umpires ever inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame alongside Tom Connolly. Bill Klem was 77 years old.
CNN Philippines Sports Desk (TV program)
CNN Philippines Sports Desk (formerly Solar SportsDesk, or simply Sports Desk) is a Philippine television sports news broadcasting show broadcast by Solar Sports, Solar News Channel, 9TV and CNN Philippines. Originally anchored by Jinno Rufino, it aired on Solar Sports from 2004 to 2007 and from December 3, 2012 to September 26, 2014. The show moved to Solar News Channel, 9TV and CNN Philippines from December 3, 2012 to January 26, 2024, and was replaced by Starting Lineup on RPTV's evening timeslot. Andrei Felix serve as the final anchor. Sports Desk airs on weekdays at 10am (with a replay at 2:30pm) and 10pm, with a weekend recap edition on Saturdays at 12:30pm. on May 1, 2023, the show will air on Primetime Weeknights at 8:30 pm.

The program aired its last broadcast on January 26, 2024, as CNN Philippines ceased live news operations on the morning of January 29 ahead of the network's closure on January 31.

Charles Tiu
Charles Alandy-Dy Tiu (born January 11, 1989) is a TV presenter and basketball coach who currently serves as head coach of the Phoenix Super LPG Fuel Masters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA), the Benilde Blazers of NCAA Philippines, and Strong Group Athletics. He is the brother of Chris Tiu.
Land of the Free II
Land of the Free II is the ninth full-length studio album by Gamma Ray. It was released 19 November in Europe, 21 November in Japan and January 15, 2008 for North America. To promote Land of the Free II, Gamma Ray joined Helloween on the 2007/08 Hellish Rock Tour. The song "Into the Storm" is available on the band's MySpace page and its music video on YouTube.

The first-edition CD, released as a Digipak, was limited to 30,000 copies.

Kai Hansen
Kai Michael Hansen (born 17 January 1963) is a German musician who is the founder, lead guitarist and vocalist of power metal band Gamma Ray. He is also one of the co-founders of another power metal band Helloween, which he was a part of from 1983 to 1989 and rejoined in 2016. He is a prominent figure in power metal and has sold millions of albums worldwide. In 2011, he joined the band Unisonic featuring Helloween vocalist Michael Kiske. Hansen and Kiske reunited with Helloween in 2017 for a world tour with all current members, celebrating the 30-year anniversary of release of the albums Keeper of the Seven Keys Parts I and II.
1229 University of Paris strike
The University of Paris strike of 1229 took place in Paris, France. The strike occurred as a disagreement over an unpaid tab at a local tavern. The ensuing disagreement caused the deaths of several students when Queen Blanche ordered the mercenary bodyguards to punish the student riot. The students protested with a "dispersion", or student strike; the masters suspended lectures. This lasted more than two years and led to several reforms in the medieval university when Pope Gregory IX issued the bull Parens scientiarum. The event demonstrates the town and gown power struggles with the Church, secular leaders, and the emerging student class and a lessening of local Church authority over the University of Paris. The university was placed squarely under direct papal patronage, part of the program to centralise the Church structure, which had intensified under Innocent III.

Town and gown
Town and gown are two distinct communities of a university town; 'town' being the non-academic population and 'gown' metonymically being the university community, especially in ancient seats of learning such as Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, and St Andrews, although the term is also used to describe modern university towns as well as towns with a significant public school.  The metaphor is historical in its connotation but continues to be used in the literature on urban higher education and in common parlance.