hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyperloop pod competition
The Hyperloop Pod Competition was an annual competition sponsored by SpaceX from 2015 to 2019 in which a number of student and non-student teams participated to design—and for some teams, build—a subscale prototype transport vehicle in order to demonstrate technical feasibility of various aspects of the Hyperloop concept.  The competitions were open to participants globally, although all competitions and judging occurred in the United States of America.

A competition in 2020 on a longer track was envisioned; however, in the event, no longer track was built and the pod-racing competition was superseded in 2021 by a tunnel-boring competition, with the aim for teams to rapidly and accurately build a tunnel 30 m (98 ft) long and 30 cm (0.98 ft) wide.

Technical University of Munich
The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; German: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences.

Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the university now has additional campuses in Garching, Freising, Heilbronn, Straubing, Ottobrunn, and Singapore, with the Garching campus being its largest. The university is organized into seven schools, and is supported by numerous research centers. It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 51,954 students and an annual budget of €2,171.0 million including the university hospital.

A University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, TUM is among the leading universities in the European Union. Its researchers and alumni include 19 Nobel laureates and 26 Leibniz Prize winners.
Greatest Hits (Rheostatics album)
Greatest Hits is the first studio album by Canadian rock band Rheostatics. Only 1,000 copies were released in 1987, and all sold out. The album was rereleased in 1996.

Despite the album's name, it is not a greatest hits compilation in the conventional sense. It does, however, compile songs from the band's pre-1987 demo releases. The album's best known song is "The Ballad of Wendel Clark, Parts I and II", an ode to Toronto Maple Leafs player Wendel Clark.

Wendel Clark
Wendel Lee Clark (born October 25, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. His professional career lasted from 1985 until 2000, during which time he played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Quebec Nordiques, New York Islanders, Tampa Bay Lightning, Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Blackhawks. He was chosen first overall in the 1985 NHL entry draft by the Maple Leafs, the team he played with on three occasions, captaining the team from 1991 to 1994. Clark is a fan favourite in Toronto, continuing to represent the Maple Leafs at public events.
Kohistan, Pakistan
Kohistan is a mountainous region located in the northern Pakistan. It consists of Indus Kohistan, Swat Kohistan and Dir Kohistan in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, with a total area of 11,531 square kilometres (4,452 sq mi).

Kolai-Palas Kohistan District
Kolai-Palas Kohistan District (Urdu: ضلع کولئی-پالس کوہستان) is a district in the Hazara Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It was a sub-division of the Kohistan district within the Hazara division till it attained the status of a separate district in 2017.
George Leonard (ice hockey)
George Arthur Joseph Leonard (August 27, 1886 – August 21, 1917) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played with the Quebec Bulldogs of the National Hockey Association and was with the Bulldogs when they won the 1912 Stanley Cup.

He died during combat in World War I.

Quebec Bulldogs
The Quebec Bulldogs (French: Bulldogs de Québec) were an ice hockey team based in Quebec City. The team was officially known as the Quebec Hockey Club (French: Club de hockey de Québec), and later as the Quebec Athletic Club (French: Club athlétique de Québec). One of the first organized ice hockey clubs, the club debuted in 1878 with the opening of the Quebec Skating Rink. The club continued as an amateur team through various leagues, eventually becoming professional in 1908. The club would play in the National Hockey Association (the forerunner to the NHL) and the National Hockey League. In 1920, the team moved to Hamilton, Ontario and became the Hamilton Tigers.
100th Missile Defense Brigade
100th Missile Defense Brigade (Ground-based Midcourse Defense), known as 100th MDB (GMD), is a multi-component  (meaning both Title 10 and Title 32) United States Army National Guard brigade headquartered at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. It has component formations located in Fort Greely, Alaska, Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, and Fort Drum, New York manned by national guardsmen of the 49th Missile Defense Battalion, 100th MDB, Detachment 1, and 100th MDB, Detachment 2 in Alaska, California, and New York, respectively, on a round-the-clock 24/7/365 basis.  100th MDB (GMD) is part of the United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
1872 Massachusetts legislature
The 93rd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1872 during the governorship of Republican William B. Washburn. Horace H. Coolidge served as president of the Senate and John E. Sanford served as speaker of the House.

Horace H. Coolidge
Horace Hopkins Coolidge (February 11, 1832 – February 3, 1912) was a Massachusetts lawyer and politician who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and as a member and President of the Massachusetts Senate.
Symphony No. 4 (Karetnikov)
The Symphony No. 4, Op. 17 was the fourth of six symphonies by Russian composer Nikolai Karetnikov. It was composed in 1963 at the age of 33, and premiered in Prague in 1968 during the Prague Spring. It received its Western premiere on 29 March 1994, 7 months before Karetnikov's death, in London's Barbican Hall by the BBC Symphony conducted by Alexander Lazarev.

One of the most adventurous Soviet symphonic works in the 1960s, it is a bleak single-movement dodecaphonic symphony structured into five continuous sections lasting for c. 25 minutes, and it has been compared with the music of Roberto Gerhard and Roger Sessions. Karetnikov said the symphony was written under the impression of his personal tragedy and the end of Khrushchev Thaw. He spoke of an internal programme derived from Sophocles' tragedy Oedipus Rex.

Nikolai Karetnikov
Nikolai Nikolayevich Karetnikov (Russian: Никола́й Николáeвич Карéтников; 28 June 1930 in Moscow – 9 October 1994 in Moscow) was a Russian composer of the so-called Underground – alternative or nonconformist group in Soviet music.
KMMS-FM
KMMS-FM (94.7 MHz, "The Moose 94.7") is a radio station licensed to serve Bozeman, Montana. The station is owned by Townsquare Media, licensed to Townsquare License, LLC. It airs an adult album alternative music format.

All Townsquare Media Bozeman studios are located at 125 West Mendenhall Street, downtown Bozeman. KXLB, KMMS-FM, KZMY, and KISN all share a transmitter site on Green Mountain, east of Bozeman.

The station was assigned the KMMS-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on May 15, 1991.

After 30 years on the 95.1 frequency, KMMS moved to 94.7 FM at 12 pm MT on May 28, 2020.

Bozeman, Montana
Bozeman (/ˈboʊzmən/ BOHZ-mən) is a city in and the county seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The 2020 United States census put Bozeman's population at 53,293, making it Montana's fourth-largest city. It is the principal city of the Bozeman, Montana, Metropolitan Statistical Area, consisting of all of Gallatin County, with a population of 118,960. It is the second-largest of Montana's statistical areas.
The Prayer (film)
The Prayer (French: La prière) is a 2018 French drama film written and directed by Cédric Kahn. Starring Anthony Bajon as Thomas, the film follows a young drug addict that undergoes to rehab in a catholic recovery group center.

The film had its world premiere at the main competition of the 68th Berlin International Film Festival, where Bajon won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. It was theatrically released in France on 21 March 2018, by Le Pacte.

Le Pacte
Le Pacte is a French motion picture company headquartered in Paris. It specializes in film distribution, co-productions and international sales. It was founded by Jean Labadie in November 2007, shortly after he was forced out of his previous company, BAC Films. Since its creation, it has become one of the largest independent French distribution companies. It had a record number of admissions in 2019 with more than 6.5 million cumulative admissions.
Lake Monomonac
Lake Monomonac is a reservoir in Rindge, New Hampshire, and Winchendon, Massachusetts, in the United States. It was created from a small pond in New Hampshire by the construction of dams on the North Branch of the Millers River, a part of the Connecticut River watershed.

Lake Monomonac is 594 acres (240 ha) in size, with 411 acres (166 ha) in New Hampshire and the remaining 183 acres (74 ha) in Massachusetts. The lake has a maximum recorded depth of 22 feet (6.7 m) and an average depth of 10 feet (3.0 m).

The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth and largemouth bass, black crappie, chain pickerel, white perch, pumpkinseed, bluegill, horned pout, and green sunfish.

North Branch Millers River
The North Branch of the Millers River is a river in southwestern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Millers River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.

The North Branch rises in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, at the outlet of Mountain Pond. It flows west through Island Pond into Rindge, and passes the villages of East Rindge and Converseville to Lake Monomonac. From the lake's outlet in Massachusetts, the North Branch flows south parallel to U.S. Route 202, joining the Millers River at Whitney Pond in Winchendon.

The North Branch is 6.0 miles (9.7 km) long, 4.0 miles (6.4 km) of which are in New Hampshire, with 2.0 miles (3.2 km) in Massachusetts. If the channel length of 2.9 miles (4.7 km) through Lake Monomonac were included, the total length would be 8.9 miles (14.3 km).
Brynmawr Experiment
The Brynmawr Experiment was an effort led by Peter Scott to address issues of poverty and unemployment in Brynmawr, South Wales, between 1929 and 1939. Initially a relief project response of the Quakers in South-East England, it grew first into an effort to set up small industries and finally an ambitious utopian subsistence agriculture project for unemployed workers.

Having received large amounts of money from government and private donations, the projects barely made a profit throughout their existence and finally closed in 1939. The official reason for their closure was that unemployment was wiped out due to the opening of local armament factories in the wake of the Second World War, but credit and government loans were also not extended which meant that the projects could not continue.

Brynmawr
Brynmawr (/brɪnˈmaʊər/ brin-MOUR, Welsh: [brɨnˈmaur]; Welsh for 'big hill') is a market town, community and electoral ward in Blaenau Gwent, Wales. The town, sometimes cited as the highest town in Wales, is situated at 1,250 to 1,500 feet (380 to 460 m) above sea level at the head of the South Wales Valleys. It grew with the development of the coal mining and iron industries in the early 19th century. Until the reorganisation of local authorities in 1974, Brynmawr was administered as part of the county of Brecknockshire.
Middletown, Ohio
Middletown is a city in Butler and Warren counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 50,987 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area in southwest Ohio, 29 miles (47 km) northeast of Cincinnati and 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Dayton.

Incorporated in 1833 and designated a city in 1886, Middletown was formed from parts of Lemon, Turtlecreek, and Franklin townships. It was home to AK Steel Holding Corporation, formerly known as Armco and founded in 1900, whose steel factory in Middletown still operates as part of Cleveland-Cliffs. The city also features Hook Field Municipal Airport, now serving only general aviation, and a regional campus of Miami University. In 1957, Middletown was named an All-America City.

Cincinnati metropolitan area
The Cincinnati metropolitan area (also known as the Cincinnati Tri-State area or Greater Cincinnati) is a metropolitan area with its core in Ohio and Kentucky. Its largest city is Cincinnati and includes surrounding counties in the U.S. states of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana.

The United States Census Bureau's formal name for the area is the Cincinnati, OH–KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the metro area had a population of 2,256,884, making Greater Cincinnati the 30th-most populous metropolitan area in the United States, and the largest metro area in Ohio, followed by Columbus and Cleveland. The Cincinnati–Wilmington, OH–KY–IN Combined Statistical Area, adds Clinton County, Ohio (defined as the Wilmington, OH micropolitan area) and, until 2023, Mason County, Kentucky (defined as the Maysville, KY micropolitan area), was part of the CSA. The Cincinnati metropolitan area is considered part of the Great Lakes megalopolis.
Francis Hallé
Francis Hallé (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃sis ale]; 15 April 1938 – 31 December 2025) was a French botanist and biologist. He was a specialist on tropical rainforests and of tree architecture. He is best known for the first "Radeau des cimes" ("Navigating the peaks") he initiated with an aerostatic balloon in 1986. He was a Professor Emeritus at the University of Montpellier.

In 2010, he and Luc Jacquet started to collaborate for a Wild-Touch film project, La Forêt des pluies, a documentary about primary forests.

Hallé died in 2025, at the age of 87.

Wild-Touch
Wild-Touch is a French non-profit organization created in 2010 by Luc Jacquet. This organization wants to develop and support projects that could mediatize environmental problems, especially with the production of films.

One of the main projects (and the first project of Wild-Touch) is the production of Once upon a forest (Il était une forêt), a documentary about the risk of disappearance of primary forests in the  world. Started in August 2010, this film is made by Luc Jacquet and botanist Francis Hallé, with the support of actress Marion Cotillard.
José Maria da Fonseca
José Maria da Fonseca, also known as JM da Fonseca, is the oldest table wine company in Portugal, though some port wine houses pre-date it. The family-owned company was founded in 1834 and is based in the village of Azeitão on the Setúbal Peninsula. It is now in its 7th generation and most of its production is exported internationally. Among its best known wine brands are Periquita and Lancers.

Azeitão (São Lourenço e São Simão)
Azeitão (São Lourenço e São Simão) is a civil parish in the municipality of Setúbal, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes São Lourenço and São Simão. The population in 2011 was 18,877, in an area of 69.32 km2. It is composed of a cluster of small "aldeias" or small villages, some of those are: Vila Fresca de Azeitão, Vila Nogueira de Azeitão, Brejos de Azeitão, Aldeia de Irmãos, Aldeia Velha, Vendas de Azeitão. Two of the closest cities are Setúbal and Palmela.
This region is very famous for the cheese and wine.
Porteous formula
In mathematics, the Porteous formula, or Thom–Porteous formula, or Giambelli–Thom–Porteous formula, is the expression for the fundamental class of a degeneracy locus (or determinantal variety) of a morphism of vector bundles in terms of Chern classes. Giambelli's formula is roughly the special case when the vector bundles are sums of line bundles over projective space. Thom (1957) pointed out that the fundamental class  must be a polynomial in the Chern classes  and found this polynomial in a few special cases, and Porteous (1971) found the polynomial in general. Kempf & Laksov (1974) proved a more general version, and Fulton (1992) generalized it further.

Determinantal variety
In algebraic geometry, determinantal varieties are spaces of matrices with a given upper bound on their ranks. Their significance comes from the fact that many examples in algebraic geometry are of this form, such as the Segre embedding of a product of two projective spaces.
Battle of Tel Hai
The Battle of Tel Hai was fought on 1 March 1920 between Arab and Jewish forces at the village of Tel Hai in Northern Galilee. In the course of the event, a Shiite Arab militia, accompanied by Bedouin from a nearby village, entered the Jewish agricultural locality of Tel Hai in search of French soldiers. Confusion over the presence of the militias subsequently led to shots being fired and a firefight breaking out. In the aftermath of the fighting, eight Jews and five Arabs were killed. Joseph Trumpeldor, the commander of Jewish defenders of Tel Hai, was shot in the hand and stomach, and died while being evacuated to Kfar Giladi that evening. Tel Hai was eventually abandoned by the Jews and burned by the Arab militia.

The event is perceived by some scholars as part of the Franco-Syrian War and by some as an outbreak of violence in the later developing intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine.

Kfar Giladi
Kfar Giladi (Hebrew: כפר גלעדי, lit. 'Giladi Village') is a kibbutz in the Galilee Panhandle of northern Israel. Located south of Metula on the Naftali Mountains above the Hula Valley and along the Lebanese border, it falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In 2023, it had a population of 789.

Kfar Giladi is also notable for archaeological discoveries such as Neolithic and Chalcolithic findings as well as the remains of a Jewish mausoleum dating from Roman times.
Centesimus annus
Centesimus annus (Latin for "the hundredth year") is an encyclical which was written by Pope John Paul II in 1991 on the hundredth anniversary of Rerum novarum, an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891. It is part of a larger body of writings, known as Catholic social teaching, which trace their origin to Rerum novarum and aim to relate the teachings of Jesus to the industrial age.

It was one of fourteen encyclicals issued by John Paul II. The theologian Cardinal Georges Cottier was influential in drafting the encyclical.

Georges Cottier
Georges Marie Martin Cottier OP (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ maʁi maʁtɛ̃ kɔtje]; 25 April 1922 – 31 March 2016) was a Swiss Catholic prelate who served as Theologian of the Pontifical Household under Pope John Paul II from 1990 to 2005, after a career as a theologian and teacher. He was a member of the Dominicans and was made a cardinal in 2003.
U.S. Route 5 in Massachusetts
U.S. Route 5 (US 5) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway extending from southern Connecticut to the northernmost part of Vermont. In Massachusetts, the route travels 53.46 miles (86.04 km), paralleling the Connecticut River and Interstate 91 (I-91) through Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin counties.

Hampden County, Massachusetts
Hampden County is a non-governmental county located in the Pioneer Valley of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Hampden County's population was 465,825. Its traditional county seat is Springfield, the Connecticut River Valley's largest city, and economic and cultural capital; with an estimated population of 154,758, approximately one-third of Hampden County residents  live in Springfield.
42°08′N 72°38′W﻿ / ﻿42.14°N 72.63°W﻿ / 42.14; -72.63
Timiskaming First Nation
Timiskaming (former official designation Timiskaming 19) is a First Nations reserve in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec, Canada, just north of the head of Lake Timiskaming. It belongs to the Timiskaming First Nation, an Algonquin band. It is geographically within the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality but administratively not part of it.

Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Abitibi-Témiscamingue (French pronunciation: [abitibi temiskamɛ̃ɡ] ⓘ) is an administrative region located in western Québec, Canada, along the border with Ontario. It became part of the province in 1898. It has a land area of 57,736.50 square kilometres (22,292.19 sq mi) and its population was 147,082 people as of the 2021 census. The region is divided into five regional county municipalities (French: municipalité régionale de comté, or MRC) and 79 municipalities. Its economy continues to be dominated by resource extraction industries. These include logging and mining all along the rich geologic Cadillac Fault between Val-d'Or and Rouyn-Noranda, as well as agriculture.
Bokeo International Airport
Bokeo International Airport (IATA: BOR, ICAO: VLBK) is a domestic airport (despite its name) in Laos. The airport is located in the Ton Pheung district, Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone of Bokeo Province in Northern Laos and was opened in February 2024 after three years of construction.

Ton Pheung district
Ton Pheung (Lao: ຕົ້ນເຜິ້ງ, pronounced [tôn pɤ̏ŋ]) is a district (muang) of Bokeo province in northwestern Laos. The district lies in northwest Laos and borders Tachileik district of Burma and Chiang Saen district and Chiang Khong district of  Chiang Rai province,  Thailand. In addition, The district is the location of the Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone.
Bynum Independent School District
Bynum Independent School District is a public school district based in Bynum, Texas (USA).

Located in Hill County, a small portion of the district extends into Navarro County. Notable unincorporated communities in the district include Brandon and Irene.

The district has one school Bynum High School that serves students in grades pre-kindergarten through twelve.

Bynum High School
Bynum High School is a public high school located in Bynum, Texas (USA). It is part of the Bynum Independent School District located in south central Hill County and classified as a 1A school by the UIL.  In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.
Boniface Bebi
Boniface Bebi was a Mamili, or tribal king, of the Mafwe in Namibia, from 1987 to 1999. Born in Linyanti, South West Africa (now Namibia), he succeeded Richard Muhinda in 1987, as the sixth recorded King of the Mafwe. After being involved in the Caprivi conflict, in which autonomy was sought for the Lozi people of the Caprivi Strip, he fled for Botswana, which granted him political asylum, after which  Denmark granted him and Mishake Muyongo political asylum. His first-born child, Hoster Bebi, died in 2000; he lost a son while in Danish exile.

He was succeeded by George Simasiku as King of the Mafwe.

Caprivi conflict
The Caprivi conflict was an armed conflict between the Namibian government and the Caprivi Liberation Army, a rebel group that waged a brief insurrection in 1999 for the secession of the Caprivi Strip.