hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sequestrant
A sequestrant is a food additive which improves the quality and stability of foods. A sequestrant forms chelate complexes with polyvalent metal ions, especially copper, iron and nickel. This can prevent the oxidation of the fats in the food. Sequestrants are therefore a type of preservative.

The name comes from Latin and means "to withdraw from use".

Common sequestrants are:

Calcium chloride (E509)

Calcium acetate (E263)

Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (E385)

Glucono delta-lactone (E575)

Sodium gluconate (E576)

Potassium gluconate (E577)

Sodium tripolyphosphate (E451)

Sodium hexametaphosphate (E452i)

Sodium and calcium salts of EDTA are also commonly used in many foods and beverages.

Potassium gluconate
Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. It is also referred to as 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt, D-gluconic acid potassium salt, or potassium D-gluconate.

It contains 16.69%  elemental potassium by mass. Thus 5.99 g  of potassium gluconate contains 1 g of potassium.

It has a density of 1.73 g/cm3.
Campo e Tamel (São Pedro Fins)
Campo e Tamel (São Pedro Fins) is a civil parish in the municipality of Barcelos, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Campo and Tamel (São Pedro Fins). The population in 2011 was 1,521, in an area of 4.81 km².

Barcelos, Portugal
Barcelos (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐɾˈsɛluʃ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in Braga District in the Minho Province, in the north of Portugal. The city of Barcelos had 26,042 inhabitants in 2021, while the municipality had 116,959 inhabitants in 2024 across an area of 378.90 square kilometres (146.29 mi2). With 61 parishes, it is the municipality with the highest number of parishes in the country. Barcelos lies on the Portuguese Way, a Christian pilgrimage route connecting to the Camino de Santiago.

It is known for the Rooster of Barcelos and for its textile and adobe industries, as well as its horseback riding events and "figurado" style of pottery, which are comical figurines with accentuated features of farmers, folk musicians, and nativity scene characters. Barcelos is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a Crafts and Folk Art City.
Wave equation
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

This article focuses on waves in classical physics. Quantum physics uses an operator-based wave equation often as a relativistic wave equation.

Separation of variables
In mathematics, separation of variables (also known as the Fourier method) is any of several methods for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an equation so that each of two variables occurs on a different side of the equation.
Ysgol Gyfun Gwynllyw
Ysgol Gymraeg Gwynllyw is a Welsh-medium all-age school located in Trevethin, Pontypool in Torfaen, Wales and named for Saint Gwynllyw. The school had 781 pupils on roll in 2024. The school changed its name from Ysgol Gyfun Gwynllyw to Ysgol Gymraeg Gwynllyw, in 2022, dropping "Comprehensive" and instead highlighting the Welsh language, due to its move from a High School to an all-age school for ages 3 to 18, the first in South East Wales. This area has the lowest proportion of Welsh speakers in Wales.

Torfaen
Torfaen (/tɔːrˈvaɪn/; [tɔrˈvaɪn]) is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. Torfaen is bordered by the county of Monmouthshire to the east, the city of Newport to the south, and the county boroughs of Caerphilly and Blaenau Gwent to the south-west and north-west. It is within the boundaries of the historic county of Monmouthshire, and between 1974 and 1996 was a district of Gwent, until it was reconstituted as a principal area in 1996.
1896 Massachusetts legislature
The 117th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1896 during the governorship of Roger Wolcott. George P. Lawrence served as president of the Senate and George von Lengerke Meyer served as speaker of the House.

Notable legislation included "An Act to Provide for the Security and Preservation of the So-called Bulfinch Portion of the State House."

George von Lengerke Meyer
George von Lengerke Meyer (June 24, 1858 – March 9, 1918) was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, as United States ambassador to Italy and Russia, as United States Postmaster General from 1907 to 1909 during the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt and United States Secretary of the Navy from 1909 to 1913 during the administration of President William Howard Taft.
New Brunswick Route 101
Route 101 is 76 kilometres long and runs from downtown Fredericton to a junction with Route 7 in Welsford.

The highway follows Regent Street from downtown Fredericton up a large hill to the edge of the city, where it continues south to New Maryland, Nasonworth, Beaver Dam Tracyville and Tracy at Route 645. From Tracy, the highway turns east along the South Branch of the Oromocto River to Fredericton Junction. Route 101 then turns southeast, paralleling the New Brunswick Southern Railway line through Blissville, Hoyt and Wirral crossing Route 7 to its end at Eagle Rock road at Welsford.

Queens County, New Brunswick
Queens County (French: Comté de Queens; 2021 population 10,998) is located in south central New Brunswick, Canada. The county shire town is the village of Gagetown. The county was named as an expression of loyalty to the Crown and to commemorate a group of earlier settlers originally from Queens County, New York.
French Leave (1937 film)
French Leave is a 1937 British comedy film directed by Norman Lee and starring Betty Lynne, Edmund Breon and John Longden. It was based on a play by Reginald Berkeley which had previously been made into a film of the same title in 1930. It was made at Welwyn Studios.

Reginald Berkeley
Reginald Cheyne Berkeley MC (18 August 1890 – 30 March 1935) was a Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom, and later a writer of stage and radio plays, then a screenwriter in Hollywood. He had trained as a lawyer. He died in Los Angeles from pneumonia after an operation.

His son Humphry Berkeley was a Conservative MP in the United Kingdom.
Josef Stangl
Josef Stangl (German: [ˈjoːzɛf ˈʃtaŋl̩]; 12 August 1907 – 8 April 1979) was a Roman Catholic bishop of Würzburg, Germany.

Born in Kronach, Bavaria, Stangl became a priest on 16 March 1930, and he was appointed by Pope Pius XII as Bishop of Würzburg on 27 June 1957.

He approved the exorcism on Anneliese Michel in 1975 and 1976, ordering total secrecy, "after careful consideration and good information" by Father Arnold Renz. She died of malnutrition from almost a year of semi-starvation while the rites of exorcism were performed.

Stangl consecrated Father Joseph Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI, as a bishop on 28 May 1977.

On 8 January 1979, Stangl withdrew as a bishop of Würzburg, and died in Schweinfurt in April 1979.

Kronach
Kronach (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁoːnax] ⓘ; East Franconian: Gronich) is a town in Upper Franconia, Germany, located in the Franconian Forest area. It is the capital of the district Kronach.

The town is equipped with a nearly complete city wall and Germany's biggest and most complete early modern fortress, Rosenberg Fortress. The headquarters of German television and AV equipment manufacturer Loewe are located there.
Psychology of reasoning
The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. It overlaps with psychology, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, logic, and probability theory.

Psychological experiments on how humans and other animals reason have been carried out for over 100 years. An enduring question is whether or not people have the capacity to be rational. Current research in this area addresses various questions about reasoning, rationality, judgments, intelligence, relationships between emotion and reasoning, and development.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Yolanda Gil
Yolanda Gil is a Spanish-born American computer scientist specializing in knowledge discovery and knowledge-rich intelligent user interfaces at the University of Southern California (USC). She served as president of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), and chair of the Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (SIGAI) for the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Gil was appointed to the National Science Board in 2024.

National Science Board
The  National Science Board (NSB) of the United States establishes the policies of the National Science Foundation (NSF) within the framework of applicable national policies set forth by the president and Congress.  The NSB also serves as an independent policy advisory body to the president and Congress on science and engineering research and education issues.  The Board has a statutory obligation to "...render to the President and to the Congress reports on specific, individual policy matters related to science and engineering and education in science and engineering, as Congress or the President determines the need for such reports," (e.g., Science and Engineering Indicators; Report to Congress on Mid-scale Instrumentation at the National Science Foundation).  All board members are presidential appointees.  NSF's director serves as an ex officio 25th member and is appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate.
Battle of Wolkowisk
The Battle of Wolkowisk (Volkovysk) took place 14–16 November 1812 in the course of the French invasion of Russia near the village of Wolkowisk, where 35,000–40,500 Austrian, Saxon and French soldiers under Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg defeated 27,000–32,000 Russian soldiers under Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken. Osten-Sacken managed to push back Jean Reynier's corps, but failed to dislodge it from the heights. The decisive offensive was carried out by the Austrians, who arrived later.

Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken
Fabian Gottlieb Fürst von der Osten-Sacken (Russian: Фабиа́н Вильге́льмович О́стен-Са́кен, romanized: Fabian Vilgelmovich Osten-Saken; 20 October [O.S. 9 October] 1752 – 7 April [O.S. 26 March] 1837) was a field marshal in the Imperial Russian Army of Baltic German descent who led the army against the Duchy of Warsaw and later governed Paris during the city's brief occupation by the anti-French coalition.
María Montez International Airport
María Montez International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional María Montez) (IATA: BRX, ICAO: MDBH) is an international airport 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of the Caribbean port city of Barahona, in the Barahona Province of the Dominican Republic. It is named after the late film star Maria Montez, who was born in the province of Barahona. The Barahona VOR/DME (Ident: BHO) and Barahona non-directional beacon (Ident: BHN) are located on the field.

Maria Montez
María África Gracia Vidal (6 June 1912 – 7 September 1951), known professionally as Maria Montez, was a Dominican actress who gained fame and popularity in the 1940s starring in a series of filmed-in-Technicolor costume adventure films. Her screen image was that of a seductress, dressed in fanciful costumes and sparkling jewels. She became so identified with these adventure epics that she became known as The Queen of Technicolor. Over her career, Montez appeared in 26 films, 21 of which were made in North America, with the last five being made in Europe.
Hot Springs State Park
Hot Springs State Park is a public recreation area in Thermopolis, Wyoming, known for its hot springs, which flow at a constant temperature of 135 °F (57.2 °C). The state park offers free bathing at the State Bath House, where temperatures are moderated to a therapeutic 104 °F (40.0 °C). The petroglyph site at Legend Rock, some 25 miles (40 km) away, is also part of the park. The park is managed by the Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites.

Travertine
Travertine (/ˈtrævərtiːn/ ⓘ TRAV-ər-teen) is a form of fresh water limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and rusty varieties. It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave. In the latter, it can form stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems.

Travertine is frequently used in Italy and elsewhere as a building material. Similar, but softer and extremely porous deposits formed from ambient-temperature water are known as tufa.
Lolland Line
The Lolland Line (Danish: Lollandsbanen) is a 50.2 kilometres (31.2 mi) long railway line in Denmark which runs mostly on the island of Lolland between the cities of Nykøbing Falster and Nakskov via Maribo.

The railway line opened in 1874. It is currently operated by the regional railway company Lokaltog which runs frequent local train services from Nakskov to Nykøbing Falster with onward connections from Nykøbing to the rest of Denmark.

Nakskov
Nakskov is a market town on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. The town has a population of 12,200 (1 January 2025) and is the largest town on the island of Lolland. It is located in Lolland municipality in Region Sjælland.

Nakskov is situated on the western coast of the island of Lolland, one of the agriculturally richest of the Danish islands. It lies adjacent to the inner part of the Nakskov Fjord, an inlet from the Langeland Belt (Langelandsbælt) that runs between the islands of Lolland and Langeland. Nakskov Fjord is a wildlife reserve, known for its bird life. Nakskov is one of the most environmentally conscious and cleanest towns of Denmark. Technological and environmental enterprises have replaced the earlier heavy industries, and in recent years, local government has restored the town.
Marshal Stanisław Małachowski High School, Płock
Marshal Stanisław Małachowski High School (Polish: Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Marszałka Stanisława Małachowskiego w Płocku) is a school in Płock and the oldest school in Poland. Its roots go back to 1180. It is now a general education high school. It was named after the Polish statesman Stanisław Małachowski.

Stanisław Małachowski
Count Stanisław Małachowski, of the Nałęcz coat-of-arms (Polish pronunciation: [staˈɲiswaf mawaˈxɔfskʲi]; 1736–1809) was a Polish statesman, the first Prime Minister of Poland, a member of the Polish government's Permanent Council (Rada Nieustająca) (1776–1780), Marshal of the Crown Courts of Justice from 1774, Crown Grand Referendary (1780–1792) and Marshal of the Four-Year Sejm (1788–1792).

The son of Jan Małachowski, the royal grand chancellor, Małachowski was named marshal (speaker) of the Sejm (Diet) in 1788. He was the prime force behind the constitution, adopted in 1791, that embodied such modern western European reforms as majority rule in parliament, separation of powers, and enfranchisement of the middle classes; this constitution was abrogated at the Second Partition of Poland in 1792. In 1807–09 Małachowski served as president of the senate (government) of the Duchy of Warsaw, promoted by Napoleon Bonaparte.
Solomon Strong
Solomon Strong (March 2, 1780 – September 16, 1850) was a U.S. representative from Massachusetts.

Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, Strong was graduated from Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1798.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1800 and commenced the practice of law.
He served as member of the State senate in 1812 and 1813.
He served as judge of the circuit court of common pleas in 1818 and judge of the court of common pleas from 1821 until his resignation in 1842.

Strong was elected as a Federalist to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Congresses (March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1819).
He was not a candidate for renomination in 1818.
He was again a member of the State senate in 1843 and 1844.
He died in Leominster, Massachusetts, on September 16, 1850.
He was interred in Evergreen Cemetery.

15th United States Congress
The 15th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in the Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1817, to March 4, 1819, during the first two years of James Monroe's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Wired FM
Wired 99.9FM is a college radio station in Limerick city, Ireland, licensed by the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland to serve the student population of Limerick City. It is currently run as a partnership between Mary Immaculate College and Limerick Institute of Technology. The station broadcasts all over Limerick city on 99.9FM and also streams online.

Wired FM  99.9 is a member of CRAOL, the Community Radio Forum of Ireland.

CRAOL
CRAOL ([kɾˠiːlˠ] or [kɾˠeːlˠ], Irish: "announce, broadcast"), also called the Community Radio Forum of Ireland, or Community Radio Ireland, is the representative, co-ordinating, lobbying, training and support group for Irish Community Radio. Every week, across Ireland, 2000 community radio volunteers broadcasts to 170,000 people in 20 fully licensed stations and 42 aspirant stations. The organisation runs a helpline to assist in the development of community radio. CRAOL is a registered provider of FETAC Accredited training.

CRAOL receives funding from the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland and the support organization The Wheel.
Rocío González (politician)
Rocío de María González Zúñiga is a Peruvian politician. She was elected as a Congresswoman representing Arequipa for the 2006–2011 term. González was elected as a member of the Union for Peru party, but left the party after the election to form the Peruvian Democratic Party along with fellow Congress members Carlos Torres Caro and Gustavo Espinoza. She was removed from her post following her conviction on criminal charges related to her business stealing electric power from the government.

Peruvian Democratic Party
The Peruvian Democratic Party (Spanish: Partido Demócrata Peruano, PDP) is a Peruvian political party founded on 26 June 2006 by former Union for Peru (UPP) members following differences within the party.

Elected Congress members Carlos Torres Caro, Gustavo Espinoza and Rocío González left UPP after the defeat of the party's presidential ticket, led by Ollanta Humala and featuring Torres Caro as a candidate to Second Vice-President, in the Second Round (runoff) of the 2006 national election. The rift arose when Humala called on radical left groups to join a "People's Democratic and Nationalist Front" ("Frente Nacionalista Democrático y Popular"), to be led by UPP and Humala's own Peruvian Nationalist Party.

Torres Caro is the party's leader and most prominent member, having not only been on UPP's presidential ticket, but also having obtained the most individual votes from UPP's congressional candidates.
Croatian National Soccer Federation
Croatian National Soccer Federation (Croatian: Hrvatski Nacionalni Nogometni Savez) of is a soccer federation which helps coordinate Croatian Canadian and Croatian American clubs. It organizes the annual Croatian-North American Soccer Tournament. It is based in Toronto, Ontario.

During the time of Communist Yugoslavia the Federation considered itself the National representative of Croatian soccer, recognizing the Croatian Football Federation (HNS) as its superior after 1991. The CNSF has organized special events with the help of the HNS in recent years. In 2005 Hajduk Split's junior side had a tour of Canada, and the Croatian U21s played several matches against local Croatian Canadian sides.

Croatian Canadians
Croatian Canadians (French: Canadiens d'origine croate) are Canadian citizens who are of Croatian descent. The community exists in major cities including the Greater Toronto Area, Hamilton, Ottawa, Vancouver, Victoria, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Windsor, Montreal and Waterloo Region.

Popular events celebrated in the Croatian-Canadian community include the Canadian-Croatian Folklore Festival (held both in eastern and western Canada), the Croatian-North American Soccer Tournament, North American Mladifest and annual Croatia days, organised by Croatian Cultural Centre in Vancouver.
Arthur Rock
Arthur Rock (born August 19, 1926) is an American businessman and investor. Based in Silicon Valley, California, he was an early investor in major firms including Intel, Apple, Scientific Data Systems and Teledyne.

Teach For America
Teach For America (TFA) is an American nonprofit organization whose stated mission is to "enlist, develop, and mobilize as many as possible of our nation's most promising future leaders to grow and strengthen the movement for educational excellence."

The organization aims to accomplish this by recruiting and selecting college graduates from top universities around the United States to serve as teachers. The selected members, known as "corps members," commit to teaching for at least two years in a traditional public or public charter K–12 school in one of the 52 low-income communities that the organization serves.
Robert G. Albion
Robert Greenhalgh Albion (August 15, 1896, in Malden, Massachusetts – August 9, 1983, in Groton, Connecticut) was Harvard's first professor of Oceanic History and inspired two generations of maritime historians in the United States.

Groton, Connecticut
Groton (/ˈɡrɒtən/ GRAH-tən) is a town in New London County, Connecticut, located on the Thames River. It is the home of General Dynamics Electric Boat, which is the major contractor for submarine work for the United States Navy. The Naval Submarine Base New London is located in Groton, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer is also a major employer. Avery Point in Groton is home to a regional campus of the University of Connecticut. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 38,411 at the 2020 census.