hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John D. Hargreaves
John Desmond Hargreaves (25 January 1924 – 14 February 2015) was the Burnett-Fletcher Professor of History at the University of Aberdeen.

Hargreaves was noted for his work on the history of Africa; its colonisation and de-colonisation. His career at Aberdeen began in 1954 when he was appointed as a lecturer in History.  Hargreaves received his chair in 1962.

Hargreaves went part-time in 1982 and retired in 1985. A Festschrift was produced in his honour.

Hargreaves died on 14 February 2015 at the age of 91.

Burnett-Fletcher Chair of History
The Burnett-Fletcher Chair of History at the University of Aberdeen, was founded in 1903. The professorship was established upon funds left by John Burnett, merchant in Aberdeen, and by Mary E. Fletcher, widow of Robert Fletcher. It is a general chair in history, not dedicated to a particular field or subject area. It was originally named the Burnett-Fletcher Chair of History and Archaeology.
Charles River Esplanade
The Charles River Esplanade is a park in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, it is located on the south bank of the Charles River Basin and comprises part of the Charles River Reservation. The park was dedicated in 1910 as the Boston Embankment. The Esplanade went through a major expansion from 1928 to 1936.

Storrow Drive
Storrow Drive, officially James Jackson Storrow Memorial Drive, is a major crosstown parkway in Boston, Massachusetts, running east–west along the southern bank of the Charles River.  It is restricted to cars; trucks and buses are not permitted on it, while pedestrian access is available via walking paths on the Charles River side of the road. Boston drivers use the route for quick access to downtown locations, and as the primary access route for the Fenway-Kenmore neighborhood and Longwood Medical Area.

The parkway is named for James J. Storrow, an investment banker who led a campaign to create the Charles River Basin and preserve and improve the riverbanks as a public park. He had never advocated a parkway beside the river, and Helen Storrow, his widow, publicly opposed it.
Mass Media Stars
Mass Media Stars is the second album by the Italian progressive rock band Acqua Fragile. The album was released by Dischi in 1974. The album is sung entirely in English, as was the band's first album Acqua Fragile, but it also received a release in the United States which was unusual for an album by an Italian progressive group.

Acqua Fragile
Acqua Fragile is an Italian progressive rock band, active from 1971 to 1975 and from 2013 to the present. The band was established in the city of Parma. Bernardo Lanzetti, leader and vocalist of the band, is best known for his work with Premiata Forneria Marconi and has played in many other progressive rock acts, including neoprogressive band Mangala Vallis.
Garshuni
Garshuni or Karshuni (Syriac alphabet: ܓܪܫܘܢܝ, Arabic alphabet: كرشوني) are non-Syriac writings using the Syriac alphabet, most often being Arabic. The word "Garshuni", derived from the word "grasha" which literally translates as "pulling", was used by George Kiraz to coin the term "garshunography", denoting the writing of one language in the script of another.

Garshunography
Garshunography is the use of "the script of one language to write utterances of another language which already has a script associated with it sociolinguistically". The phenomenon has also been called allography or heterography, although both these terms have other uses, the former to denote different shapes of the same grapheme and the latter to denote different spellings of homophones. In French, the term métagrammatisme has also been proposed. The term "garshunography" comes from Garshuni, a term of uncertain origin that refers to the writing of the Arabic language in the Syriac script.
Ansongo Cercle
Ansongo Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Gao Region of Mali. The administrative center (chef-lieu) is the town of Ansongo.  The Niger River passes through the cercle and plays an important role in transportation and the economy in the region.

The cercle is divided into seven communes:

Ansongo

Bara

Bourra

Ouattagouna

Talataye

Tessit

Tin-Hama

Tessit
Tessit  is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Ansongo in the Gao Region of south-eastern Mali. As of 1998 the commune had a population of 6,717.

Between March 15 and 16, 2021, Islamic State in the Greater Sahara fighters clashed with Malian and French troops over control of a Malian military base, with ISGS jihadists overrunning the coalition and taking over the town.
Electric dragbike
An electric dragbike is an electric motorcycle used for drag racing.

Electric dragsters have come of age with new developments in battery and motor technology. Electric motors powered by lithium cells can deliver power-to-weight ratios similar to high performance gasoline engines. Drag races last around ten seconds so battery range is not an issue. A number of electric dragbikes and dragsters (cars) are competing with Top Fuel classes.  Electric drag racing records are listed at NEDRA.

Drag racing
Drag racing is a type of motor racing in which automobiles or motorcycles compete, usually two at a time, to be first to cross a set finish line. The race follows a short, straight course from a standing start over a measured distance, most commonly 1⁄4 mi (1,320 ft; 402 m), with a shorter, 1,000 ft (0.19 mi; 304.80 m) distance becoming increasingly popular, as it has become the standard for Top Fuel dragsters and Funny Cars, where some major bracket races and other sanctioning bodies have adopted it as the standard. The 1⁄8 mi (660 ft; 201 m) is also popular in some circles. Electronic timing and speed sensing systems have been used to record race results since the 1960s.

The history of automobiles and motorcycles being used for drag racing is nearly as long as the history of motorized vehicles themselves, and has taken the form of both illegal street racing and as a regulated motorsport.
Want (Solar song)
"Want" (stylized in all caps) is a song recorded by South Korean singer Solar. An upbeat, nu-disco and pop song, it was released on April 2, 2025, by RBW. The song was written by Jang Da-in and Dr. JO, with composition by Joacim Persson, Johan Alkenäs, Sqvare, and Avenue 52.

Solar (singer)
Kim Yong-sun (Korean: 김용선, born February 21, 1991), known professionally as Solar (솔라), is a South Korean singer, songwriter, and actress signed under RBW. She is the leader and vocalist of girl group Mamamoo and its sub-unit Mamamoo+. She made her solo debut with the single "Spit It Out" on April 23, 2020. She released her first extended play 容: Face with its lead single "Honey" on March 16, 2022. Solar ventured into musical acting through the musical Mata Hari for its 2022 production. Solar will make her film debut with a role as Mi-yeon in horror film The Cursed. Solar also made her debut in Taiwan with Chinese Single "Floating Free" on June 11, 2025.
Jay Gordon (physician)
Jay N. Gordon (born 1948) is an American pediatrician, lecturer, and author.  He is well-known within the anti-vaccine movement for his promotion of vaccine hesitancy. He does encourage vaccinating but at the discretion of the parent. He is also a long-time advocate of breastfeeding; he became a member of the International Health Advisory Council of the La Leche League in 2005.

Gordon's patients have included Eliza Jane Scovill and the son of the actress and anti-vaccine activist Jenny McCarthy.

Death of Eliza Jane Scovill
Eliza Jane Scovill (December 3, 2001 – May 16, 2005) was the daughter of AIDS denialist Christine Maggiore, an HIV-positive activist who publicly questioned the link between HIV and AIDS, and supported HIV-positive pregnant women who want to avoid taking anti-HIV medication. Eliza Jane's May 16, 2005 death from AIDS, at the age of three and a half, sparked a social and legal controversy over her mother's decision not to take precautions during pregnancy and breastfeeding to prevent transmission of the virus, and her parents' decision to not have her treated for HIV infection during her life.
Vern Riffe
Vernal G. Riffe Jr. (June 26, 1925 – July 31, 1997) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. Riffe served in the Ohio House of Representatives for 36 years, from 1959 to 1995, and served as speaker for 19 years, from 1975 to 1994.

Portsmouth, Ohio
Portsmouth is a city in Scioto County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat.  Located in southern Ohio 41 miles (66 km) south of Chillicothe, it lies on the north bank of the Ohio River, across from Kentucky and just east of the mouth of the Scioto River. The population was 18,252 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Portsmouth micropolitan area.
Ontario Highway 94
King's Highway 94, commonly referred to as Highway 94, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario that serves as a southeast bypass of North Bay. The route begins at Highway 654, near an interchange with Highway 11 south of Callander. It connects with Highway 17 after passing near Corbeil, a total distance of 12.0 kilometres (7.5 mi).

Highway 94 was first assumed in 1937 to provide tourist access to the Dionne Quintuplets, whom lived near Corbeil. It was extended by several kilometres along the former alignment of Highway 11 when the Callander Bypass opened in 1987. Otherwise, the route has remained unchanged.

East Ferris
East Ferris is a township in northeastern Ontario, Canada, located between Trout Lake and Lake Nosbonsing in Nipissing District.

East Ferris was incorporated in 1921. West Ferris Township has been annexed into the city of North Bay since 1968.
Hooke Court
50°48′07″N 2°39′59″W﻿ / ﻿50.8019°N 2.6663°W﻿ / 50.8019; -2.6663

Hooke Court is a 17th-century manor house in the parish of Hooke in Dorset, England. It is a Grade II* listed building built around the time of the English Civil War.

Standing in about 6 hectares (14 acres) of mature park and woodland, Hooke Court is on the outskirts of Hooke, a village in rural Dorset. It lies at the foot of Warren Hill.

In the Civil War it was damaged by fire by Roundheads but repaired in 1647 by the Duke of Bolton. There had previously been medieval buildings on the site.

Hooke Court was previously a boarding school for boys with educational, emotional or behavioural problems, from 1946 to 1992.  Saint Francis School for Boys was run and managed by Society of Saint Francis.

Hooke Court is today used as a residential study centre. In 2007 it was featured on the television series Time Team which attempted to discover the nature of the medieval buildings.

Warren Hill, Hooke, Dorset
Warren Hill is a prominent elevation, 215 metres (705 ft) high, 1 kilometre southwest of the hamlet of Hooke, in the county of Dorset in southern England. Its prominence of 51 metres (167 ft) means it is listed as one of the Tumps. It is located within the Dorset Downs.

The summit is open, as is the hill's eastern flank, but much of the western side of the hill is covered by the woods of Hooke Park. Hooke Court lies just to the northeast. The Jubilee Trail passes Warren Hill just to the south and the Wessex Ridgeway just to the north.
Die Freude reget sich, BWV 36b
Die Freude reget sich (Joy awakens), BWV 36.3, BWV 36b), is a secular cantata composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. The work appears to date from 1738–1740, when Bach was living in Leipzig. Bach drew on material he had composed more than a decade earlier for the cantata Schwingt freudig euch empor, BWV 36.1.

Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (German: [ˈbax ˌvɛʁkə fɐˈtsaɪçnɪs], lit. 'Bach Works Catalogue'; BWV) is a catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990 and the third edition in 2022.

The catalogue groups compositions by genre. Even within a genre, compositions are not necessarily collated chronologically. 
In part this reflects the fact that some compositions cannot be dated. However, an approximate or precise date can be assigned to others: for example, BWV 992 was composed many years before BWV 1.
Narendra Man Singh
Narendra Man Singh (Nepali: नरेन्द्र मान सिंह; 1958 – 27 November 2009) was a Nepalese footballer. A forward, was the first Nepali player to play professional football in India, and played for the Nepal national team in the 1982 Asian Games. He played nearly eight years for the two Indian sides Mafatlal Group and Mahindra United.

Mahindra United FC
Mahindra United Football Club (formerly known as Mahindra & Mahindra) was an Indian professional football club based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Founded in 1962, the club competed in the I-League, then the top tier of the Indian football league system, before closing down at the end of 2009–10 season. Affiliated with Mumbai Football Association, the club participated in both the National Football League, and MDFA Elite League.

Nicknamed "Jeepmen", the club was popularly referred as India's MU after the English Premier League powerhouse Manchester United. It was one of the most popular football clubs in the country and was known for its consistent good performance in the last four decades of its existence. The club had won many major tournaments in India, and also clinched an international tournament, 2003 POMIS Cup in the Maldives.
Dharwad
Dharwad (Kannada pronunciation: [d̪ʰäːɾɐʋäːɖɐ] ⓘ), also known as Dharwar, is a city located in the northwestern part of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of the Dharwad district of Karnataka and forms a contiguous urban area with the city of Hubballi. It was merged with Hubballi in 1962 to form the twin cities of Hubballi-Dharwad. It covers an area of 213 km2 (82 sq mi) and is located 430 km (270 mi) northwest of Bangalore, on NH-48, between Bangalore and Pune.

In 2016, Hubli-Dharwad was selected for solar city / green city master plans. In 2017, government of India included Hubli-Dharwad city for a smart city project, a flagship scheme for overall development of infrastructure in the twin-cities.

National Highway 48 (India)
National Highway 48 (NH 48) is a major National Highway of India that starts at Delhi and terminates at Chennai, traversing through seven states of India. It has a total length of 2807 km (1744 miles). NH 48 passes through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The stretch between Pune and Bengaluru was known as P.B. Road in olden days.

Its stretch from Delhi to Mumbai was earlier designated as NH 8, and the stretch between Mumbai and Chennai was designated, NH 4 before all the national highways were renumbered in the year 2010.
Trams in Budapest
The tram network of Budapest is part of the mass transit system of Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. Tram lines serve as the second-most important backbone of the transit system after the bus network, carrying almost 100 million more passengers annually than the Budapest Metro. In operation since 1866, the Budapest tram network is among the world's largest tram networks by route length—operating on 174 kilometres (108 mi) of total route—and is the busiest in the world.

As of 2023, the tram network is made up of 35 regular lines (26 main lines and 9 supplemental lines) and the Budapest Cog-wheel Railway (signed as route 60). The system is operated by Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt. under the supervision of the municipal Budapesti Közlekedési Központ. Since 2016, the system uses the world's longest 9-sectioned articulated tram vehicle, the CAF Urbos 3/9, on route 1.

Types of trams
Trams have been used since the 19th century, and since then, there have been various uses and designs for trams around the world. This article covers the many design types, most notably the articulated, double-decker, drop-centre, low-floor, single ended, double-ended, rubber -tired, and tram-train; and the various uses of trams, both historical and current, most notably cargo trams, a dog car, hearse tram, maintenance trams, a mobile library service, a nursery tram, a restaurant tram, a tourist tram, and as mobile offices.
Iwasawa theory
In number theory, Iwasawa theory is the study of objects of arithmetic interest over infinite towers of number fields. It began as a Galois module theory of ideal class groups, initiated by Kenkichi Iwasawa (1959) (岩澤 健吉), as part of the theory of cyclotomic fields. In the early 1970s, Barry Mazur considered generalizations of Iwasawa theory to abelian varieties. More recently (early 1990s), Ralph Greenberg has proposed an Iwasawa theory for motives.

Tower of fields
In mathematics, a tower of fields is a sequence of field extensions

F0 ⊆ F1 ⊆ ... ⊆ Fn ⊆ ...

The name comes from such sequences often being written in the form

A tower of fields may be finite or infinite.
Wanguty
Wanguty [vanˈɡutɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Reszel, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) east of Reszel, 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Kętrzyn, and 59 km (37 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Reszel
Gmina Reszel is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is seated in the town of Reszel. Reszel is approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) west of Kętrzyn and 52 km (32 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 178.71 square kilometres (69.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 8,335 (out of which the population of Reszel amounts to 5,098, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,237).
Hinesburg, Vermont
Hinesburg is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for Abel Hine, town clerk. The population was 4,698 at the 2020 census.

The main settlement of Hinesburg in the center of town is a census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 872 at the 2020 census.

Hinesburg (CDP), Vermont
Hinesburg is the primary village and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Hinesburg, Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 872, out of 4,698 in the entire town of Hinesburg.

The village is in southern Chittenden County, slightly northwest of the center of the town of Hinesburg. It is in the valley of the La Platte River, which flows northwest to Lake Champlain in the town of Shelburne. Vermont Route 116 passes through the village, leading north 10 miles (16 km) to South Burlington and south 17 miles (27 km) to Bristol.
Vasil (film)
Vasil is a 2022 Spanish-Bulgarian comedy-drama film written and directed by Avelina Prat in her directorial feature debut, which stars Ivan Barnev (as the title character), Karra Elejalde, and Alexandra Jiménez alongside Susi Sánchez, and Sue Flack.

Ivan Barnev
Ivan Georgiev Barnev (Bulgarian: Иван Георгиев Бърнев; born 15 July 1973) is a Bulgarian actor. He is best known for his performance as Jan Dítě in I Served the King of England (2006), as well as his frequent collaborations with filmmakers Kristina Grozeva and Petar Valchanov in films such as The Lesson (2014), The Father (2019) and Triumph.
Yangdachengzi
Yangdachengzi (simplified Chinese: 杨大城子; traditional Chinese: 楊大城子; pinyin: Yángdàchéngzǐ) is a town in western Jilin province of Northeast China. It is under the administration of Gongzhuling and is more than 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Changchun, the provincial capital.

Yangdachengzi is on the common border of three county-level divisions, which are Gongzhuling, Shuangliao and Changling County. The town has a total area of 251 square kilometres (97 sq mi), with a town district area of 4 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi). As of 2008, it had a total population of 53,000, while the number of town district residents is 12,000.

Gongzhuling
Gongzhuling (simplified Chinese: 公主岭; traditional Chinese: 公主嶺; pinyin: Gōngzhǔlǐng; lit. 'Princess Ridge') is a county-level city under the administration of Changchun. It is located in central Jilin province of Northeast China, halfway between Siping and Changchun, along the main railway line in the Northeast. Major employers in the city include Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, located on the north side of the railway and several factories which manufacture auto parts. There is major military presence in the area, including a PLA base and a military airport.
Lotus Flowers for Miss Quon
Lotus Flowers for Miss Quon (German: Lotosblüten für Miss Quon) is a 1967 thriller film directed by Jürgen Roland and starring Lang Jeffries, Francesca Tu and Werner Peters. Based on the 1961 novel A Lotus for Miss Quon by James Hadley Chase, it was made as a co-production between France, Italy and West Germany.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Peter Rothe. Location shooting took place around Hong Kong.

Peter Rothe
Peter Rothe (born 1935) is a German art director who worked designing sets in the German film and television industries. He worked on a number of production by Wolf C. Hartwig's Rapid Film during the 1970s.
Providence Friars women's ice hockey
The Providence Friars women's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the Providence College. The Friars are a member of Hockey East. They play at the 3,030-seat Schneider Arena in Providence, Rhode Island.

Providence College
Providence College is a private Catholic university in Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1917 by the Dominican Order and the Diocese of Providence, it offers 47 undergraduate majors and 17 graduate programs.

The college requires all of its undergraduate students to complete 16 credits in the Development of Western Civilization, a major part of the college's core curriculum. In the spring of 2021, it enrolled 4,128 undergraduate students and 688 graduate students for a total enrollment of 4,816 students. In athletics, Providence College competes in NCAA Division I, and is a founding member of the original Big East Conference and Hockey East. It was part of the original six other basketball-centric Catholic colleges which broke off from the original Big East (today's American Athletic Conference) to form the current Big East at the start of the 2013–14 academic year.
Vologda
Vologda (Russian: Во́логда, IPA: [ˈvoləɡdə]) is a city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population: 313,944 (2021 census); 301,755 (2010 census); 293,046 (2002 census); 282,802 (1989 Soviet census).

The city serves as a major transport hub of the Northwest of Russia. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation has classified Vologda as a historic city, one of 41 in Russia and one of only three in Vologda Oblast. The Russian Cultinfo website wrote that there were 224 monuments of historical, artistic and cultural importance in Vologda.

Novaya Ladoga
Novaya Ladoga (Russian: Но́вая Ла́дога, lit. 'New Ladoga') is a town in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the point where the Volkhov River flows into Lake Ladoga, 140 kilometers (87 mi) east of St. Petersburg. Population:  8,838 (2010 Census); 9,920 (2002 Census); 11,310 (1989 Soviet census).