hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Mallet
James Mallet (born 15 March 1955 in London) is an evolutionary zoologist specialising in entomology.

He was educated at Winchester College. 
He became  professor of biological diversity at the Department of Biology, University College London. He was co-director of the Centre for Ecology and Evolution, a centre of excellence in research and teaching formed by University College London, the Institute of Zoology (Zoological Society of London), Natural History Museum, Imperial College, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway and Kew Gardens. In 2013 he was distinguished lecturer on Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. His research has included work on the species concept central to evolutionary biology, along with hybridization and the process of speciation.

He was awarded the Darwin-Wallace Medal by the Linnean Society of London in 2008.

His wife, Hopi Hoekstra, an evolutionary biologist, became dean of Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences in August 2023.

Darwin–Wallace Medal
The Darwin–Wallace Medal is a medal awarded by the Linnean Society of London for "major advances in evolutionary biology". Historically, the medals have been awarded every 50 years, beginning in 1908.  That year marked 50 years after the joint presentation by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace of two scientific papers—On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection—to the Linnean Society of London on 1 July 1858. Fittingly, Wallace was one of the first recipients of the medal, in his case it was, exceptionally, in gold, rather than the silver version presented in the six other initial awards. However, in 2008 the Linnean Society announced that due to the continuing importance of evolutionary research, the medal will be awarded on an annual basis beginning in 2010.
The Junk Mail
"The Junk Mail" is the 161st episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. It was the fifth episode of the ninth and final season. The episode aired on October 30, 1997. In this episode, Jerry is gifted a van by a childhood friend and cannot turn it down for fear of hurting his feelings, Elaine mistakenly thinks she has fallen in love when the sight of a man triggers memories of an old commercial he appeared in, and Kramer, tired of getting swamped with junk mail, tries to stop all delivery of his mail, only to uncover a conspiracy by the United States Postal Service to keep the public from realizing that mail is pointless. Produced when e-mail was becoming a mainstream form of communication, the episode reflected the popular prediction of the time that postal service would soon become obsolete.

Newman (Seinfeld)
Newman is a recurring character in the television show Seinfeld, portrayed by Wayne Knight from 1992 until the show's finale in 1998. He is Jerry Seinfeld's arch-nemesis and Cosmo Kramer's close friend.
Battle of Decimomannu
The Battle of Decimomannu, Battle of Cornus or Battle of Caralis was fought 215 BC on the island of Sardinia when a Carthaginian army sailed to the island to support a local revolt against Roman rule. The army, led by Hasdrubal the Bald, fought a Roman army of similar size under the praetor Titus Manlius Torquatus in the Fall of 215 BC somewhere between Sestu and Decimomannu, just north of Caralis. The Romans destroyed the Carthaginian army and then scattered their fleet in a sea battle south of Sardinia.

Decimomannu
Decimomannu (Sardinian: Deximumannu or Déximu Mannu [ˌdeʒimuˈmanːu]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the region of Sardinia in Italy, located about 17 km (11 mi) northwest of central Cagliari. It has 8,355 inhabitants.
Enne Petha Raasa
Enne Petha Raasa is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Siraj and produced by Rajkiran who is also credited for the story. The film stars Ramarajan, Rupini, Srividya and Vinu Chakravarthy. It was released on 27 January 1989.

Rajkiran
Mohideen Abdul Khadar, known by his stage name Rajkiran, is an Indian actor, producer and director, who has acted in more than 30 Tamil films. He won one Filmfare Award South and four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards in his career.
First Army (Greece)
The Greek First Army (Greek: 1η Στρατιά, Proti Stratia), is the highest formation of the Hellenic Army and its only extant field army.

Various English and German-language sources erroneously mention the existence of a First Army during the Greco-Italian War and the Battle of Greece (1940–41). The Greek Army did not employ an army-level command in this period. Leo Niehorster's website shows the higher organisation of the Greek Army on 15 August 1940, with the General Staff of the Army directly supervising five corps, three divisions, and the Thessaloniki Fortress.

The First Army was created in March 1947, during the Greek Civil War. It controlled the II and III Corps, with Volos as its headquarters. It was abolished on 10 February 1948, and re-established in 1951 with its HQ at Larissa, where it remains to this day. Its CO is always a lieutenant general.

II Army Corps (Greece)
The II Army Corps (Greek: Β' Σώμα Στρατού, abbr. Β' ΣΣ) was an army corps of the Hellenic Army. Established in 1913, it took part in all subsequent wars of Greece. Since 1998 the corps functioned as a strategic reserve force, and comprised the Army's special forces and army aviation units, as well as mechanized infantry. It was disbanded on 29 November 2013.
Hyperforeignism
A hyperforeignism is a type of hypercorrection where speakers identify an inaccurate pattern in loanwords from a foreign language and then apply that pattern to other loanwords (either from the same language or a different one). This results in a pronunciation of those loanwords which does not reflect the rules of either language. For example, the ⟨n⟩ in habanero is pronounced as [n] in Spanish, but English-speakers often pronounce it as /nj/, as if the word were spelled habañero.

Hyperforeignisms can manifest in a number of ways, including the application of the spelling or pronunciation rules of one language to a word borrowed from another.

Intentional hyperforeignisms can be used for comedic effect, such as pronouncing Report with a silent ⟨t⟩ in The Colbert Report or pronouncing Target as /tɑːrˈʒeɪ/ tar-ZHAY, as though it were an upscale boutique. This form of hyperforeignism is a way of poking fun at those who earnestly adopt foreign-sounding pronunciations of pseudo-loanwords.

Voiced postalveolar fricative
A voiced postalveolar or palato-alveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to many if not most English-speakers as the "s" sound in "fusion".

The International Phonetic Association uses the phrase voiced postalveolar fricative for the sibilant sound [ʒ], though technically it also describes the voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences.
Churnet Valley line
The Churnet Valley line was one of the three original routes planned and built by the North Staffordshire Railway. Authorised in 1846, the line opened in 1849 and ran from North Rode in Cheshire to Uttoxeter in East Staffordshire. The line was closed in several stages between 1964 and 1988 but part of the central section passed into the hands of a preservation society and today operates as the Churnet Valley Railway.

Leek, Staffordshire
Leek is a market town and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of the county of Staffordshire, England. The town lies on the River Churnet, 10 miles (16 km) north east of Stoke-on-Trent. In 2021 it had a population of 19,385.

Leek is an ancient borough and was granted its royal charter in 1214. It is the administrative centre for the Staffordshire Moorlands District Council. King John granted Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, the right to hold a weekly Wednesday market and an annual seven-day fair in Leek in 1207.

Leek's coat of arms is a saltire shield. On the top is the Stafford knot, either side is the Leek double sunset and below a gold garb. The crest is a mural crown with three mulberry leaves on a mount of heather on top of which a moorcock is resting his claw on a small-weave shuttle. The motto Arte favente nil desperandum translates to: Our skill assisting us, we have no cause for despair.
1997–98 Irish Cup
The 1997–98 Irish Cup was the 118th edition of the Irish Cup, Northern Ireland's premier football knock-out cup competition. It concluded on 2 May 1998 with the final.

Glenavon were the defending champions after winning their 5th Irish Cup last season, with a 1–0 win over Cliftonville in the 1997 final. This season Glenavon reached the final again for the third year in a row, but were defeated 1–0 after extra time by Glentoran, who won the cup for the 17th time. This was a repeat of the 1995–96 final two years earlier that also ended 1–0 to the Glens.

Glenavon F.C.
Glenavon Football Club is a Northern Irish semi-professional football club that competes in the NIFL Premiership. Founded in 1889, the club hails from Lurgan and plays its home matches at Mourneview Park. Club colours are blue and white. Glenavon's bitter rivals are Portadown, with their matches known as the "Mid-Ulster Derby". Glenavon are a part of the Mid-Ulster F.A.
Fukutomi, Hiroshima
Fukutomi (福富町, Fukutomi-chō) was a town located in Kamo District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 2,879 and a density of 47.42 persons per km2. The total area was 60.71 km2.

On February 7, 2005, Fukutomi, along with the towns of Kōchi, Kurose and Toyosaka (all from Kamo District), and the town of Akitsu (from Toyota District), was merged into the expanded city of Higashihiroshima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Toyota District, Hiroshima
Toyota (豊田郡, Toyota-gun) is a district located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Currently the district has only the town of Ōsakikamijima.

As of April, 2008, the district has an estimated population of 8,739 and a Density of 202 persons/km2. The total area is 43.28 km2.
Hot Rods to Hell
Hot Rods to Hell is a 1967 American suspense film, the last by director John Brahm. The film was based on a 1956 Saturday Evening Post story by Alex Gaby, "52 Miles to Terror", which was the working title of the film.

ABC bought the broadcast rights and aired the film as part of its ABC Sunday Night Movie series in 1968, using a 100-minute print. When Turner Classic Movies bought the rights to MGM's extensive film library, they acquired the 100-minute print.

Mimsy Farmer
Merle "Mimsy" Farmer (born February 28, 1945) is an American former actress, artist and sculptor. She began her career appearing in several Hollywood studio films, such as Spencer's Mountain (1963) and Bus Riley's Back in Town (1965), followed by roles in the exploitation films Devil's Angels and Riot on Sunset Strip (both 1967).

Farmer then gained fame as an actress in Europe; her films included the drama More (1969), the adventure film Strogoff (1970), as well as multiple Italian giallo films: Dario Argento's  Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1971), The Perfume of the Lady in Black (1974), Autopsy (1975), and Lucio Fulci's The Black Cat (1981). She retired from acting in the early 1990s and went on to work as an artist, creating models for the film industry.
On Your Head (film)
On Your Head (French: Le Ciel sur la tête) is a Canadian comedy-drama film, directed by André Melançon and Geneviève Lefebvre and released in 2001. The film stars Arianne Maheu as Simone, a young blind girl living with her single father Marc (Serge Dupire) who is scheming to set him up with a single woman in their town, Céline (Céline Bonnier), so that she can have a new mother.

The cast also includes Marc Messier as Céline's irascible anarchist father Gaby; Daniel Fanego as Diego, an Argentine pilot who is a rival for Céline's affections; David Boutin as Marc's best friend Fred on whom Simone has a schoolgirl crush; and Maka Kotto as Florent, the town's parish priest.

Osvaldo Montes received a Genie Award nomination for Best Original Song at the 22nd Genie Awards, for the song "La niebla del tiempo".

David Boutin (actor)
David Boutin (born November 12, 1969) is a Canadian actor from Quebec. He is most noted for his performance in the 2000 film Hochelaga, for which he won the Jutra Award for Best Supporting Actor at the 3rd Jutra Awards in 2001.

His other credits have included the films The Countess of Baton Rouge (La Comtesse de Bâton Rouge), The Long Winter (Quand je serai parti... vous vivrez encore), Marriages (Mariages), On Your Head (Le Ciel sur la tête), Inside (Histoire de pen), Seducing Doctor Lewis (La Grande séduction), Tideline (Littoral), Black Eyed Dog, A Family Secret (Le Secret de ma mère), The Broken Line (La Ligne brisée), Je me souviens, Trash (Décharge) and 1:54, and the television series Diva, Tag, Temps dur, H2O, Human Trafficking, Rumeurs, Tout sur moi, Nouvelle adresse, District 31 and Les Pays d'en haut.
The Father, the Son, and the Holy Guest Star
"The Father, the Son, and the Holy Guest Star" is the twenty-first and final episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 15, 2005. The episode was written by Matt Warburton and directed by Michael Polcino.

In this episode, Marge enrolls Bart in Catholic school after he is expelled from Springfield Elementary for performing a prank. Liam Neeson guest starred as Father Sean. The episode received mixed reviews.

Originally supposed to air April 10, the episode was dropped from the week's schedule due to the death of Pope John Paul II, since this episode revolved around Catholicism. This episode is also the 350th episode in production order (in broadcast order, "Future-Drama" is the 350th episode).

The Simpsons season 16
The sixteenth season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons aired on Fox between November 7, 2004, and May 15, 2005. It contained 21 episodes, beginning with Treehouse of Horror XV. The season was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. Executive producer Al Jean remained the showrunner. The season contains six hold-over episodes from the season 15 (FABF) production line. Season 16 was released on DVD and Blu-ray in Region 1 on December 3, 2013, Region 2 on December 2, 2013, and Region 4 on December 11, 2013.
Something About Cats and Other Pieces
Something About Cats and Other Pieces is a collection of fantasy, horror and science fiction short stories, poetry and essays by American author H. P. Lovecraft. 2,995 copies were released in 1949 and was the fourth collection of Lovecraft's work published by Arkham House.

The stories for this volume were selected by August Derleth.

Sonia Greene
Sonia Haft Greene Lovecraft Davis (March 16, 1883 – December 26, 1972) was an American one-time pulp fiction writer and amateur publisher, businesswoman, and milliner who bankrolled several fanzines in the early twentieth century. She is noted for her thirteen-year marriage to American weird fiction writer H. P. Lovecraft. She was a president of the United Amateur Press Association.
Deke Sharon
Deke Sharon (born December 12, 1967) is an American singer, arranger, composer, director, producer, author, coach, pioneer, and teacher of a cappella music, and is one of the leaders and promoters of the contemporary a cappella community. He has been referred to as "the father of contemporary a cappella" and "the godfather of a cappella".

Straight No Chaser (group)
Straight No Chaser (SNC) is a professional American a cappella group that originated in 1996 at Indiana University.  Originally a student group at the university, they recorded a video in 1998 of a comical version of  "The 12 Days of Christmas". The founding members all graduated, to be replaced by other students, in 1999. In 2007, the 1998 video went viral on YouTube, and subsequently led to a reunion of the founding members and a five-album record deal with Atlantic Records in 2008. The YouTube video has been viewed more than 26 million times.

The group continues as a student-run a cappella group at Indiana University (until 2012 under the same name, and since 2012 under a new name, Another Round). All members of the professional group have been members of the student group prior to joining.
Scharfrichterhaus
The Scharfrichterhaus (executioner’s house) in Passau, Germany, is designated as a national historical treasure and was built circa 1200. Located on "Milchgasse" ("Milk Street"), it was the official residence for the Scharfrichter (executioner) of the city of Passau. It is now a jazz and cabaret stage on which political cabaret is performed.

Scharfrichter
The term Scharfrichter (German for executioner, literally: "sharp judge") refers specifically to a tradition of executioners in the German states. Using a sword of execution, they had the responsibility of actually executing prisoners; his assistant, the "Löwe" (lion), would carry out tasks such as forcibly conveying prisoners to the presence of a judge (while roaring, hence the name), "rubbish clearance", burying unwanted bodies, and carrying out brandings. The Scharfrichter was a well-known figure nicknamed the "Mate of Death" and instantly recognizable in their traditional black frock coat and silk top hat.

The word "Scharfrichter" is composed of the words "scharf" (sharp/edged), and "Richter" (judge), because he had to do justice (richten) with the sword.
Discogobio
Discogobio is a genus of cyprinid fish that are found in eastern Asia. So far the 16 species have only been identified from China (12 species) and Vietnam (5 species) wherein each species is endemic to the country in which it is found.

Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of cyprinoid freshwater fishes commonly referred to as the carp family, which includes the carps, barbs, and barbels, among others. These cyprinids also share sister taxa with the danionins and minnows under the suborder Cyprinoidei. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest family of vertebrates overall, with roughly 1,780 species split into 166 valid genera.

Cyprinids range from the 12 mm (0.5 in)-long glassfishes, to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis). The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos (κυπρῖνος 'carp').
Dyson conjecture
In mathematics, the Dyson conjecture (Freeman Dyson 1962) is a conjecture about the constant term of certain Laurent polynomials, proved independently in 1962 by Wilson and Gunson. Andrews generalized it to the q-Dyson conjecture, proved by Zeilberger and Bressoud and sometimes called the Zeilberger–Bressoud theorem. Macdonald generalized it further to more general root systems with the Macdonald constant term conjecture, proved by Cherednik.

Ivan Cherednik
Ivan Cherednik (Иван Владимирович Чередник) is a Russian-American mathematician. He introduced double affine Hecke algebras, and used them to prove Macdonald's constant term conjecture in (Cherednik 1995). He has also dealt with algebraic geometry, number theory and Soliton equations. His research interests include representation theory, mathematical physics, and algebraic combinatorics. He is currently the Austin M. Carr Distinguished Professor of mathematics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

In 1998 he was an Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin.
Viljo Virtanen
Viljo Artturi Virtanen (28 January 1912 – 2 July 1989) was a Finnish schoolteacher and politician, born in Karkkila. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1951 to 1970, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He served as Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 22 March 1968 to 31 December 1969.  Virtanen was the mayor of Savonlinna from 1963 to 1969 and the governor of Mikkeli Province from 1970 to 1979. He was a presidential elector in the 1950, 1956, 1962 and 1968 presidential elections.

Mikkeli Province
The Mikkeli Province (Finnish: Mikkelin lääni, Swedish: S:t Michels län) was a province of Finland from 1831 to 1997. The province was named after the city of Mikkeli.

Under Russian rule, it was called Saint Michel Governorate. Parts of the province were transferred to the Central Finland Province in 1960. In 1997 it was merged with Kuopio Province and Northern Karelia Province into the new Eastern Finland Province.
Julie Zwillich
Julie Zwillich (/ˈzwɪlɪk/ ZWIL-ik) is a Canadian and American television personality. She is the host of Food Network Canada's Summer's Best and CBC's Surprise! It's Edible Incredible! She became a television personality in 1997 with the debut of Stuff, which aired on TVOntario, ABC Australia, across Asia and South America, and on the WAM! network in the US. Her co-host, Kevin Brauch, went on to become The Thirsty Traveler.

Zwillich was a host on the popular TVOKids live broadcast from 1999 to 2002 and went on to host BrainBounce! on TV Ontario and Discovery UK, and the sports show SWEAT on OLN and TSN. She is also an actor, and performed all 26 characters on The Blobs, played the characters Emily and Enrique on Beyblade and is the voice of multiple characters on CBC's kid show, The X. Zwillich can be seen hosting videos for Kraft Foods, WalMart and other companies as well as on Yahoo! Shine and Deepak Chopra's Chopra Well channel on YouTube.

BrainBounce!
BrainBounce! was produced by Megafun Productions and aired on TV Ontario from 2001 to 2004. It currently airs on Discovery Kids in the UK. The series was shot in Montreal and Toronto as a "piggyback" production: the original French version, Le Monde a la Loupe (hosted by Stéphanie Allaire) was shot at the same time in each location.

Each episode begins in an "ordinary" place - a camp site, a dance studio, a movie theatre - and jumps into one fantasy world after another as more questions are discovered. Some have described the show as "stream-of-consciousness" or "encyclopedia" television. Subjects such as art, music, science, animals, the human body are explored by way of sketches, interviews with guest experts, experiments and mini-documentaries.
Revenue stamps of Ireland
Revenue stamps of Ireland refer to the various revenue or fiscal stamps, whether adhesive, directly embossed or otherwise,  which have been used on the island of Ireland since 1774. These include issues by the Kingdom of Ireland, issues by the United Kingdom specifically for use in Ireland or briefly Southern Ireland, and issues of an independent southern Ireland since 1922 (including the Provisional Government of Ireland, the Irish Free State and the Republic of Ireland). Revenue stamps of Northern Ireland were also issued from 1921 to the 1980s, but they are not covered in this article.

Revenue stamp
A revenue stamp, tax stamp, duty stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to designate collected taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.  Typically, businesses purchase the stamps from the government (thereby paying the tax), and attach them to taxed items as part of putting the items on sale, or in the case of documents, as part of filling out the form.

Revenue stamps often look very similar to postage stamps, and in some countries and time periods it has been possible to use postage stamps for revenue purposes, and vice versa. Some countries also issued dual-purpose postage and revenue stamps.