hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wood's anomaly
In optics, Wood's anomaly refers to the rapid variation of light intensity at diffracted spectral orders in metallic gratings. It was first observed by American physicist Robert W. Wood in 1902. Initially unexplained by conventional grating theories, the effect was later understood to arise partly from the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons at the grating surface and partly from the coupling of incident light into diffracted orders, one of which becomes evanescent at a grazing angle. The latter effect is also known as Rayleigh anomaly or Rayleigh–Wood anomaly,  after Lord Rayleigh's 1907 work on gratings.

Studies on Wood anomalies acted as a progenitor to the fields of plasmonics and metamaterials. Wood anomalies were also observed in acoustic gratings, where they were associated both with diffracted waves at a grazing incidence and surface acoustic waves.

Robert W. Wood
Robert Williams Wood (May 2, 1868 – August 11, 1955) was an American physicist and inventor who made pivotal contributions to the field of optics. He pioneered infrared and ultraviolet photography. Wood's patents and theoretical work inform modern understanding of the physics of ultraviolet light, and made possible myriad uses of UV fluorescence, which became popular after World War I. He published many articles on spectroscopy, phosphorescence, diffraction, and ultraviolet light.
Massachusetts Route 24
Route 24 is a 40.91-mile-long (65.84 km) freeway south of Interstate 93 (I-93) in southeastern Massachusetts, linking Fall River with the Boston metropolitan area.  It begins in the south in Fall River at the border with Tiverton, Rhode Island, and runs north to an interchange with I-93/US 1 in Randolph. Route 24 is also known as the Fall River Expressway, and officially as the Amvets Highway. Route 24 has a total of 21 interchanges (including the split at its northern terminus with I-93.)

Route 24 connects many of the major cities of Southeastern Massachusetts with Boston and Providence: Brockton, Taunton, Fall River, and New Bedford (via the junction with Route 140).

Bridgewater, Massachusetts
Bridgewater is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the city's population was 28,633. The historic city center of Bridgewater is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Boston, Massachusetts and approximately 35 miles east of Providence, Rhode Island. The town of Bridgewater was formerly a census-designated place (CDP) until 2010, when Bridgewater was granted city status. Today, Bridgewater is one of 13 municipalities in Massachusetts that have applied for and have been granted a city government while claiming "the town of" in their official names.
Bystander (magazine)
The Bystander was a British weekly tabloid magazine including reviews, topical drawings, cartoons and short stories. Published from Fleet Street, it was started in 1903 by George Holt Thomas.  Its first editor, William Comyns Beaumont, later edited the magazine again from 1928 to 1932.

It was popular during World War I for its publication of the "Old Bill" cartoons by Bruce Bairnsfather. The magazine also employed artists including H. M. Bateman, W. Heath Robinson, Howard Elcock, Helen McKie, Arthur Watts, Will Owen, Edmund Blampied and L. R. Brightwell.

It published some of the earliest stories of Daphne du Maurier (Beaumont's niece), as well as short stories by Saki, including "Filboid Studge, the Story of a Mouse that Helped".

The magazine ran until 1940, when it merged with The Tatler (titled Tatler & Bystander until 1968).

Edmund Blampied
Edmund Blampied (30 March 1886 – 26 August 1966) was one of the most eminent artists to come from the Channel Islands, yet he received no formal training in art until he was 15 years old. He was noted mostly for his etchings and drypoints published at the height of the print boom in the 1920s during the etching revival, but was also a lithographer, caricaturist, cartoonist, book illustrator and artist in oils, watercolours, silhouettes and bronze.
Valdisotto
Valdisotto (Lombard: Val de Sota) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) northeast of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Sondrio.

Valdisotto borders the following municipalities: Bormio, Grosio, Sondalo, Valdidentro, Valfurva.

Province of Sondrio
The province of Sondrio (Italian: provincia di Sondrio), also known as Valtellina (the major valley of the province) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its provincial capital is the city of Sondrio.

As of 2024, it has a population of 179,165.
Prisionera de amor
Prisionera de amor (English title: Prisoner of love) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Pedro Damián for Televisa in 1994.

Maribel Guardia and Saúl Lisazo starred as protagonists, while Julieta Egurrola, Lorena Meritano, Rosario Gálvez, Gabriela Goldsmith, Sebastián Ligarde and Fernando Ciangherotti starred as antagonists.

Rosario Gálvez
Rosario Gálvez (October 15, 1926 – September 17, 2015) was a Mexican actress. She was married to Luis Aguilar, "El Gallo Giro", one of the icons of the golden age of Mexican cinema, from 1957 until his death in 1997.
Sokol Balla
Sokol Balla (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈsɔkɔl ˈbala]; born May 7, 1973) is an Albanian journalist, writer, television host and political analyst, best known as the host of the political talk show Real Story. Over the years, he has been affiliated with several major Albanian television networks, where he has hosted or contributed to a variety of political programs including Fahrenheit, Top Story, and Exclusive.

Top Story (Albanian TV program)
Top Story nga Grida Duma (English: Top Story by Grida Duma), or simply Top Story, is an Albanian political and current affairs talk show broadcast on Top Channel. Since November 2022 it has been hosted by former politician Grida Duma. The program covers political, social, cultural, and other current issues in Albania through reports, studio interviews, and debates.
Monroe Golf Club
Monroe Golf Club is a  Donald Ross-designed course in Pittsford, New York, a suburb southeast of Rochester.  Opened for play in 1924, it is home to the annual Monroe Invitational Championship, a highly regarded amateur event first played in 1937.

Monroe Golf Club was ranked #96 in Golfweek's 2011 top 100 best classic courses. Nearby to the northwest is the well-known Oak Hill Country Club, also designed by Ross.

Monroe Invitational
The Monroe Invitational Championship is an annual amateur golf tournament in the United States, played since 1937 at Monroe Golf Club in Pittsford, New York, a suburb southeast of Rochester. Originally a match play event, it switched to 72-hole stroke play format in 1998.

The MIC is a "category B" tournament in the World Amateur Golf Ranking, meaning it is one of the top 100 men's amateur tournaments in the world.

The course at Monroe Golf Club opened in 1924 and was designed by Donald Ross.

Nick Palladino won the 2013 event in a playoff. Due to rain, the event had been shortened to 54 holes. Entering his senior year at the University of Rochester, Palladino became the first Division III player to win the event.
MKS units
The metre, kilogram, second system of units, also known more briefly as MKS units or the MKS system, is a physical system of measurement based on the metre, kilogram, and second (MKS) as base units. Distances are described in terms of metres, mass in terms of kilograms and time in seconds. Derived units are defined using the appropriate combinations, such as velocity in metres per second. Some units have their own names, such as the newton unit of force which is defined as kilogram times metres per second squared.

The modern International System of Units (SI, from the French name Système international d'unités) was originally created as a formalization of the MKS system. The SI has been redefined several times since then and is now based entirely on fundamental physical constants, but still closely approximates the original MKS units for most practical purposes.

Newton (unit)
The newton (symbol: N) is the unit of force in the International System of Units (SI). Expressed in terms of SI base units, it is 1 kg⋅m/s2, the force that accelerates a mass of one kilogram at one metre per second squared.

The unit is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, specifically his second law of motion.
Hatch Lane and Highams Park North (ward)
Hatch Lane and Highams Park North is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The ward was first used in the 2022 elections. It returns three councillors to Waltham Forest London Borough Council.

Waltham Forest London Borough Council
Waltham Forest London Borough Council, also known as Waltham Forest Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Waltham Forest in London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. The council is based at Waltham Forest Town Hall in Walthamstow.
Army Public School, Dagshai
Army Public School is a boarding school located in Dagshai, India. It lies on top of the Dagshai Hills. General K Sunderji and General R S Dayal established the school in 1986 under HQ Western Command.  It is a co-educational residential School affiliated to the CBSE, New Delhi, and is a member of the Indian Public Schools' Conference.

The name Dagshai, according to a popular local legend was derived from Daag-e-Shahi. During the Moghul times a Daag-e-Shahi (royal mark) was put on the forehead of the criminals and sent packing to the then Dagshai village. This can also be seen on a rock edict in the school premises.
The closest railway station is Kumarhatti located some two kilometers from Dagshai. Trains from and to Kalka operate on this track between Kalka and Shimla.

Dagshai
Dagshai, also known as Daagh-e-Shahi, is one of the oldest cantonment towns in the Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, India.  It is situated on top of a 5,689-foot (1,734-m) high hillock that stands sphinx-like astride the Kalka-Shimla Highway at a point about 11 km from Solan. It was founded in 1847 by the East India Company by securing free of cost five villages from Maharaja of Patiala aka Bhupinder Singh of Patiala. The names of these villages were Dabbi, Badhtiala, Chunawad, Jawag and Dagshai. The new cantonment was named after the last named village, as it was the largest and most strategically located. The name Dagshai, according to a popular local legend was derived from Daagh-e-Shahi. During the Moghul times a Daagh-e-Shahi (royal mark) was put on the forehead of the criminals and sent packing to the then Dagshai village.
In a Different Key
In a Different Key: The Story of Autism is a 2016 non-fiction book by John Donvan and Caren Zucker.  It discusses the history of autism and autism advocacy, including issues such as the refrigerator mother theory and the possibility of an autism epidemic. Donald Triplett, the first person diagnosed with autism, and psychiatrist Leo Kanner are also covered, as is the ongoing  debate concerning the neurodiversity movement, especially with respect to autistic people with more apparent support needs.

John Donvan
John Donvan (born 1955) is an American journalist, filmmaker, and debate moderator. He is known for hosting the Open to Debate series broadcast on NPR, for his work as a long-time correspondent and anchor for ABC News, and for his writing, reporting, and documentary filmmaking on the history of autism.
El Diario (Mexico, 1906)
El Diario: periódico independiente de la mañana was a newspaper founded in Mexico City on October 13, 1906 by Ernesto Simondetti and Juan Sánchez Azcona. It had an illustrated Sunday supplement, El Diario Illustrado.

It has been claimed that it was secretly financed by Enrique Creel.

Its writers included Frías Fernández, Larrañaga Portugal, Torres Palomar, and Jacobo Pratl, as well as the Americans Benjamin De Casseres and a certain O'Brien. Its artist was Álvaro Pruneda, along with the American caricaturist Carlo de Fornaro, who became the artistic director of the Diario Illustrado.

Carlo de Fornaro
Carlo de Fornaro (sometimes spelled Carlo di Fornaro) (1872–1949) was an artist, caricaturist, writer, humorist, and revolutionary.

His work is in the collection of the US National Gallery of Art and Harvard's Fogg Art Museum. His caricatures have been compared to those of Sem, Leonetto Cappiello, and Carlo Pellegrini.

His 1902 book Millionaires of America contains color caricatures of the captains of American industry.
Glanzenberg railway station
Glanzenberg railway station (German: Bahnhof Glanzenberg) is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich, situated in the city of Dietikon. The station is located on the Zurich to Olten main line, within fare zone 154 of ZVV.

S11 (ZVV)
The S11 is a regional railway line of the S-Bahn Zürich on the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), Zürich transportation network. The S11 is one of the network's lines connecting the cantons of Zürich and Aargau.

At Zürich HB, trains of the S11 service usually depart from underground tracks (Gleis) 41–44 (Museumstrasse station).
95th Kvartal, Kryvyi Rih
95th Quarter or Kvartal 95 (Ukrainian: 95 квартал) is a public square and also a residential neighborhood in downtown Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine. Its name literally means "quarter", in the way the city was divided during the post-war (World War II) Soviet period.

Nowadays, the neighborhood became famous in connection with the 6th president of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy — and his stage production Kvartal 95 Studio, which was named after it due to its proximity to all project participants (although the number "95" also had symbolic significance). With Zelenskyy becoming President of Ukraine and gaining increasing international fame, the name "95th Quarter" spread beyond Ukraine.

Kvartal 95 Studio
Kvartal 95 Studio (Ukrainian: Сту́дія «Кварта́л-95», lit. 'Studio «Neighborhood-95»'; Russian: Сту́дия «Кварта́л-95») is a Ukrainian production company founded in 2003 by Volodymyr Zelenskyy alongside Serhiy Shefir and Boris Shefir. The company produces films and television shows in Russian and Ukrainian, as well as organising concerts.
Star Magic Presents
Star Magic Presents is a Philippine television drama anthology series broadcast by ABS-CBN. It aired from July 29, 2006 to May 10, 2008.  and was replaced by Wonder Mom. The show features artists from Star Magic, the talent management agency of ABS-CBN.

In an interview, Star Magic Director Johnny Manahan explained that the show's main goal was "to provide a platform whereby the agency’s fresh, yet unknown talents can shine in tandem with its more established stars. Each week, a new face is paired with an established artist, the better to remind the older stars of their responsibility to help their younger brothers and sisters."

In the Philippines, this program airs on Saturday at 10 a.m-11 a.m. in Metro Manila. (Timeslot may vary in some areas) It is also broadcast worldwide on TFC: The Filipino Channel.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Al-Naft SC (basketball)
Al-Naft Sports Club (transl. Oil Sports Club) is an Iraqi professional basketball club based in the Al-Rusafa district in Baghdad. Owned and operated by the Ministry of Oil, the team plays in the Iraqi Basketball League and has won seven national league championships. The team is part of the Al-Naft SC sports club that also fields a football team. Home games of Al-Naft are played in the Al-Shaab Hall.

In 2022–23, Al-Naft played in the inaugural season of the West Asia Super League (WASL). In 2019 they had already played in the WABA Champions Cup and finished in the third place.

FIBA West Asia Super League
The FIBA West Asia Super League (WASL) is a regional basketball league organised by FIBA Asia, consisting of clubs from West Asia, India and Kazakhstan. The league was announced in 2022 and started with the inaugural season from December, until June 2023.

There are two zones in the competition: West Asia and the Gulf. The top four teams from each zone compete in the final eight for the title. The champion and runner-up qualify for the Basketball Champions League Asia (BCL).

Al Riyadi is the most successful team in the league's history, having won two titles.
DFDS Seaways France
DFDS Seaways France, trading as DFDS Seaways, and formerly known as New Channel Company A/S, is the trading name of the ferry services across the Dover Strait and English Channel operated by DFDS Seaways and formerly operated by LD Lines. Travel time is around 90 minutes.

Newhaven
Newhaven is a port town in the Lewes district of East Sussex, England, lying at the mouth of the River Ouse.

The town developed during the Middle Ages as the nearby port of Seaford began drying up, forcing a new port to be established. A sheltered harbour was built in the mid-16th century, and a breakwater in the late 18th, to provide continued access to the sea. Newhaven increased in importance following the arrival of the railway in 1847, and regular cross-Channel ferry services to Dieppe. Though these have been reduced in the 21st century, Newhaven still provides regular ferry services and continues to be used as an important freight terminal. In 2021 the parish had a population of 12,854.
Mia Pohánková
Mia Pohánková (born 21 October 2008) is a Slovak professional tennis player. She won the girls' singles title at the 2025 Wimbledon Championships. She has a career high WTA singles ranking of No. 394, achieved on 6 October 2025, and a career high WTA doubles ranking of No. 951, achieved on 6 November 2023.

2025 Wimbledon Championships
The 2025 Wimbledon Championships was a major tennis tournament which took place at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, England from 30 June to 13 July with the preliminary rounds played from 23 to 26 June. It consisted of singles, doubles, mixed doubles, junior, wheelchair and Invitational tournaments play.

It was the 138th edition of the Wimbledon Championships and the third major tournament of 2025. For the first time in Wimbledon's history, line judges were replaced with automated electronic line judges.

The women's and men's singles finals, held on the second Saturday and Sunday, began at 4:00 PM instead of the traditional 2:00 PM start time, and both finals were scheduled as the last matches of the day. The organisers stated that these adjustments aimed to enhance viewership in North and South America.
Yasunori Nomura
Yasunori Nomura (born 21 January 1974 - ) is a theoretical physicist working on particle physics, quantum gravity, and cosmology. He is a professor of physics at University of California, Berkeley, a senior faculty scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, a senior research scientist at Riken, and an affiliate member at Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. Since 2015, he has been the director of the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics.

Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
The Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) is an international research institute for physics and mathematics situated in Kashiwa, Japan, near Tokyo. Its full name is "Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan". It is one of 20 Kavli Institutes.

The main subjects of study at IPMU are particle physics, high energy physics, astrophysics, astronomy and mathematics. The institute addresses five key questions: "How did the universe begin? What is its fate? What is it made of? What are its fundamental laws? Why do we exist?"
Left & Right (album)
Left & Right is an album by the jazz multi-instrumentalist Roland Kirk, released on the Atlantic label in 1969. It contains performances by Kirk with Jim Buffington, Julius Watkins, Frank Wess, Rahn Burton, Vernon Martin and Roy Haynes, with Warren Smith, Richard Williams, Dick Griffin, Benny Powell, Pepper Adams, Alice Coltrane, Jimmy Hopps, Daniel Jones and Gerald "Sonny" Brown featuring on an extended track with orchestration by Gil Fuller.

Dick Griffin
James "Dick" Richard Griffin (born January 28, 1940, in Jackson, Mississippi) is an American jazz trombonist known for his work on Strata-East Records, and with Rahsaan Roland Kirk.

As a child he studied piano, soon switching to trombone.

After earning his bachelor's degree in 1963, Griffin began teaching high school while working on his Master's.  Griffin is most known for his technique of circular phonics, combining multiphonics with circular breathing. He taught music theory and the history of jazz at Wesleyan University.  Later in life, Griffin became an accomplished painter, with showings in New York City and Europe.

A 1995 CD release, The Eighth Wonder & More (Konnex Records) features that album as well as most of the Now is the Time album.
Goose Prairie Township, Clay County, Minnesota
Goose Prairie Township is a township in Clay County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 199 at the 2000 census.

Goose Prairie Township was named from the former abundance of wild geese on its lakes.

Clay County, Minnesota
Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,318, and was estimated to be 66,848 in 2024, Its county seat is Moorhead.

Clay County is part of the Fargo, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari
Mujarrad Maqalat al-Shaykh Abi al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (Arabic: مجرّد مقالات الشيخ أبي الحسن الأشعري, lit. 'Summary of Shaykh Abi al-Hasan al-Ash'ari's Treatises/Articles') is an Islamic theological book written by the Shafi'i-Ash'ari scholar Ibn Furak (d. 406/1015), in which he gives a summary of the views, ideas and opinions of the Sunni scholar Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (d. 324/935), the theologian after whom the Ash'ari school of theology is named.

This work is considered as one of the most important and essential sources of the Ash'ari school of Islamic theology.

Ibn Furak
Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Fūrāk, Abū Bakr al-Asbahānī al-Shāfi`ī, commonly known as Ibn Fūrāk (Arabic: ابن فورك); c. 941–c. 1015  CE / 330–406 AH). The Imam, a leading authority on kalam and usul, the transmitter of Al-Ash`ari's school, an expert in Arabic language, grammar and poetry, an orator, a jurist, and a hadith master from the Shafi'i Madhhab in 10th century.