hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
E-tu Zen Sun
E-tu Zen Sun (24 July 1921 – 28 June 2021) 孫任以都 was a historian, especially of "economic history of pre-20th century China."

The eldest daughter of Chen Hengzhe and H. C. Zen, she was born in Beijing.  She arrived in the United States in 1941 and attended Vassar. She completed her PhD at Radcliffe under the supervision of John King Fairbank, on some of whose projects she also collaborated.

She was professor for many years at Pennsylvania State University, until retirement in 1988. She also served as president of the American Association of University Women State College from 1959 to 1961. With her husband Shiou-chuan Sun, a professor of engineering with a mining specialty, she produced the first English translation of Tiangong Kaiwu. This was the first time the work appeared in a European language.

Chen Hengzhe
Chen Hengzhe (simplified Chinese: 陈衡哲; traditional Chinese: 陳衡哲; pinyin: Chén Héngzhé; Wade–Giles: Ch'en Heng-che; 12 July 1890 – 1976), pen name Sophia H. Z. Chen (Chinese: 莎菲; pinyin: Shāfēi), was a pioneering writer in modern vernacular Chinese literature, a leader in the New Culture Movement, and the first female professor at a Chinese university. Chen is known for aiming to educate Chinese people by incorporating values from both Western culture and Chinese culture, producing many works reflecting these values.
Commodity form theory
Commodity form theory is a theory of jurisprudence advanced by the Soviet legal theorist Evgeny Pashukanis. The theory argues that the legal form is the parallel of the commodity form under capitalist society.

All law is concerned with the process of the exchanging of commodities between subjects who act as the "guardians" of commodities and are created by law in order to enable the commodity production form of society to function. The theory can be explained as based on two premises, logical and historical.

Evgeny Pashukanis
Evgeny Bronislavovich Pashukanis (Russian: Евгений Брониславович Пашуканис; Lithuanian: Eugenijus Pašukanis; 23 February [O.S. 10 February] 1891 – 4 September 1937) was a Soviet and Lithuanian legal scholar, best known for his work The General Theory of Law and Marxism. He advocated for a philosophy of law that the Soviet authorities considered threatening to their regime. He was executed in 1937 after Stalinists, including Andrey Vyshinsky, accused him of plotting to overthrow the Soviet state.
Reminisce (song)
"Reminisce" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mary J. Blige from her debut album, What's the 411? (1992). It was co-written by Kenny Greene and Dave "Jam" Hall, who also produced it. Described as a new jack swing song inspired by 1970s soul music, it contains a sample of "Stop, Look, Listen" (1989) by American rapper MC Lyte. The single was released in October 1992, by Uptown and MCA Records, peaking at number fifty-seven on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number six on the Hot R&B Singles chart. A more uptempo and hip hop-inspired remix of the song, featuring duo Pete Rock & CL Smooth, later appeared on Blige's 1993 remix album of the same name. The accompanying music video for "Reminisce" was directed by Marcus Raboy.

What's the 411?
What's the 411? is the debut album by American R&B singer Mary J. Blige. It was released on July 28, 1992, by Uptown Records and MCA Records. After signing a record contract with Uptown, Blige began working on the album with producer Sean "Puffy" Combs. Other producers and songwriters included DeVante Swing, Tony Dofat, Dave Hall, Mark Morales and Mark "Cory" Rooney. The resulting music covered hip hop soul, contemporary R&B, and new jack swing styles.

What's the 411? was also met with positive reviews from critics, who applauded Blige's singing and the combination of hip hop and soul music, which led to her being named the "Queen of Hip Hop Soul". The album peaked at number six on the US Billboard 200 and topped the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and eventually sold 3.5 million copies.
Brookhaven State Park
Brookhaven State Park is a 1,638-acre (6.63 km2) state park in Wading River and Ridge, New York, approximately 74 miles (119 km) east of New York City. Established in 1971, the park land was formerly the property of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Protecting a large amount of the Long Island Pine Barrens, the park also contains scattered wetlands.

Brookhaven State Park is located along the east side William Floyd Parkway, between NY 25 and NY 25A. The park contains 25 miles (40 km) of multi-use trails.

New York State Route 25A
New York State Route 25A (NY 25A) is a state highway on Long Island in New York, United States. It serves as the main east–west route for most of the North Shore of Long Island, running for 73 miles (117 km) from Interstate 495 (I-495) at the Queens–Midtown Tunnel in the New York City borough of Queens to NY 25 in Calverton, Suffolk County. The highway is a northern alternate route of NY 25, which follows a more inland routing along Jericho Turnpike.

The route is known for its scenic path through decidedly lesser-developed areas such as Brookville, Fort Salonga, Centerport, and Roslyn. It is known by various names along its routing, the most prominent of which include Northern Boulevard, North Hempstead Turnpike, Main Street, Fort Salonga Road, and North Country Road. It merges with NY 25 for approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in Smithtown.
Karczewie
Karczewie [karˈt͡ʂɛvjɛ] (German: Marienau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoty, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-west of Płoty, 12 km (7 mi) south of Gryfice, and 63 km (39 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Gmina Płoty
Gmina Płoty is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Płoty, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Gryfice and 63 km (39 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 238.79 square kilometres (92.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,212 (out of which the population of Płoty amounts to 4,142, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,070).
BHP Mitsubishi Alliance
The BHP Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA) is an Australian coal mining company operating in Central Queensland. The largest coal producer in Australia, it is a joint venture with BHP and Mitsubishi each owning 50%. It was established in 2001.

The BMA alliance operates five mines in the Bowen Basin:

Broadmeadow

Caval Ridge

Goonyella Riverside

Peak Downs

Saraji

BMA also operates Moranbah Airport and part of the Hay Point Coal Terminal. It operated the Gregory coal mine until March 2019, when it was sold to Japan's Sojitz Corporation. BMA owned the Blackwater and Daunia coal mines until it was sold to Whitehaven Coal in April 2024.

Bowen Basin Coalfields
The Bowen Basin Coalfields contains the largest coal reserves in Australia. This major coal-producing region contains one of the world's largest deposits of bituminous coal.  The Basin contains much of the known Permian coal resources in Queensland including virtually all of the known mineable prime coking coal. It was named for the Bowen River, itself named after Queensland's first Governor, Sir George Bowen.

The Bowen Basin covers an area of over 60,000 square kilometres in Central Queensland running from Collinsville to Theodore.  There was a combined population of 41,973 people in the area in 2001. The ornamental snake is a small reptile native to the Bowen Basin region.
Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus
Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus (11 November 1729 – 6 June 1814) was a German physician, natural historian and economist.

He was the son of Hermann Samuel Reimarus, the brother of the writer Elise Reimarus and the father (by his first marriage) of Johanna Reimarius, who married Georg Heinrich Sieveking. He married twice, the second time to Sophia, sister of August Adolph von Hennings.

In 1755, he visited London and studied under the anatomists William Hunter and James Douglas. His achievements include introducing smallpox vaccination to Hamburg and introducing continental Europe to the idea of the lightning rod.

Georg Heinrich Sieveking
Georg Heinrich Sieveking (1 January 1751 in Hamburg, Holy Roman Empire – 25 January 1799 in Hamburg, Holy Roman Empire) was a German merchant and follower of the Enlightenment. Together with his friend and business partner, Caspar Voght, he led one of the largest trading firms in the Hanseatic League during the second half of the 18th century. On 14 July 1790, the first anniversary of the Storming of the Bastille, a freedom celebration organized by Sieveking occurred in Harvestehude, a neighborhood of Hamburg, which received attention far beyond the city. In 1796, a few years before his death, Sieveking succeeded in abolishing the 1793 Hamburg-imposed Embargoes against Paris.
Los Pinos Airstrip
Los Pinos Airstrip is a paved airstrip located South of San Quintín, Municipality of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, just on the East side of the Federal Highway 1, to the East of "Hotel Santa Maria" and Cielito Lindo Airstrip. The Flying Samaritans' Mother Lode and Tucson chapters operate a monthly fly-in clinic here and in El Rosario to the south. The airstrip is used solely for general aviation  purposes.  As of April 2025, it is permanently closed to GA, including the Flying Samaritans.

San Quintín, Baja California
San Quintín (Spanish for 'Saint Quentin') is a city in San Quintín Municipality, Baja California, located on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. The city had a population of 4777 in 2011. San Quintín is an important agricultural center for Baja California.
Ivory Coast national football team
The Ivory Coast national football team (French: Équipe de football de Côte d'Ivoire, recognized as the Côte d'Ivoire by FIFA) represents Ivory Coast in men's international football. Nicknamed the Elephants, the team is managed by the Ivorian Football Federation (FIF). The team has won the Africa Cup of Nations three times, in 1992, 2015 and 2023, and has qualified for the FIFA World Cup four times, in 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2026.

Ivory Coast's home colours are all orange. Since 2020 their home games have been played at Alassane Ouattara Stadium, in Abidjan. Prior to this their home ground was Felix Houphouet Boigny Stadium, also in Abidjan. Didier Zokora holds the record for number of caps, with 123. The nation's leading goalscorer is Didier Drogba, who scored 65 goals for the Elephants in 105 appearances.

Ivorian Football Federation
The Ivorian Football Federation (French: Fédération Ivoirienne de Football; FIF) is the governing body of football in Ivory Coast and is in charge of the Ivory Coast national team and other footballing matters in the country.
Ara Ubiorum
The Ara Ubiorum (Altar of the Ubii) was a Roman sanctuary in the Oppidum Ubiorum (modern day Cologne). It was erected in the last decade of the 1st century BC and was dedicated to the goddess Roma and the Roman emperor. It was a central location for the Germans conquered by Augustus to demonstrate their loyalty to Rome and the Emperor through offerings. Like the Ara trium Galliarum, the altar was the site of the concilium provinciae ("pronvicial council") for the planned province of Germania Magna. The priests who serviced the altar were drawn from high-ranking Germans.

Concilium provinciae
A Concilium provinciae (Latin for 'Provincial council', known in Greek as a koinon) was an assembly of delegates from all the settlements and cities in a Roman province, which met once a year in the capital of the relevant region in order to celebrate a festival in honour of the goddess Roma, a divine personification of the Roman state. These festivities were led by a flamen, a priest, who was chosen annually by the assembly.

In addition to this ceremonial and religious aspect, the Concilium provinciae also provided a venue for the local aristocracy and political elite to deliberate on internal concerns and problems of the province or to choose delegations to communicate local concerns to Rome.
Roni Jonah
Roni Jonah (born July 16, 1986) is a Canadian director, actress, and professional wrestler. She has worked for both Ohio Valley Wrestling and Women's Extreme Wrestling. She is known for starring in the 2015 horror anthology film Volumes of Blood.

Girl/Girl Scene
Girl/Girl Scene is an American comedy-drama streaming television series. It was created and written by Tucky Williams, who also stars as Evan, a sexually promiscuous, androgynous, lesbian. The first episode premiered on Blip (now defunct), on September 6, 2010, and the last episode premiered on January 5, 2015. The story features several LGBT women struggling with romantic relationships. The series now airs on Amazon Video.
Inlandia Institute
The Inlandia Institute is a literary and cultural organization based in Riverside, California whose mission "is to recognize, support and expand literary activity in the Inland Empire, thereby deepening people’s awareness, understanding, and appreciation of this unique, complex and creatively vibrant area." Inlandia started as a joint project of the Riverside Public Library and Heyday Books in 2007 and was formally established as an independent non-profit organization in June 2009.

Marion Mitchell-Wilson served as its Executive Director from its inception until 2012 when she stepped down for health reasons.  Cati Porter, acclaimed Riverside poet and editor, became Executive Director of the Inlandia Institute after Mitchell-Wilson's departure.

Heyday Books
Heyday is an independent nonprofit publisher based in Berkeley, California.

Heyday was founded by Malcolm Margolin in 1974 when he wrote, typeset, designed, and distributed The East Bay Out, a guide to the natural history of the hills and bay shore in and round Berkeley and Oakland, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. Heyday publishes around twenty books a year, as well as the quarterly magazine News from Native California.

In 2004, they merged with their nonprofit wing, the Clapperstick Institute, and became a full-fledged 501(c)(3) nonprofit enterprise. In 2016, Margolin retired from Heyday, and Steve Wasserman, previously editor-in-chief of the Los Angeles Times Book Review and an editor-at-large at Yale University Press, became Margolin's successor as publisher and executive director. Since 2020, the company has been co-led by Wasserman, publisher, and longtime staff member Gayle Wattawa, now general manager.
Cliffs of Moher
The Cliffs of Moher (/ˈmʌhər/; Irish: Aillte an Mhothair) are sea cliffs located at the southwestern edge of the Burren region in County Clare, Ireland. They run for about 14 kilometres (9 miles).  At their southern end, they rise 120 metres (390 ft) above the Atlantic Ocean at Hag's Head, and, 8 kilometres (5 miles) to the north, they reach their maximum height of 214 metres (702 ft) just north of O'Brien's Tower, a round stone tower near the midpoint of the cliffs, built in 1835 by Sir Cornelius O'Brien, then continue at lower heights. The closest settlements are the villages of Liscannor 6 km (4 miles) to the south, and Doolin 7 km (4 miles) to the north.

From the cliffs, and from atop the tower, visitors can see the Aran Islands in Galway Bay, the Maumturks and Twelve Pins mountain ranges to the north in County Galway, and Loop Head to the south. The cliffs rank among the most visited tourist sites in Ireland, with around 1.5 million visits per year.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
1993 Peruvian Segunda División
The 1993 Peruvian Segunda División, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 12 teams. the tournament winner, Ciclista Lima was promoted to the 1994 Torneo Descentralizado. The tournament was played on a home-and-away round-robin basis.

The Club Enrique Lau Chun received financial support from the Centro Iqueño.

Ciclista Lima Association
Ciclista Lima Association is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Lima. It is the second-oldest club in Peru.

The club was founded 1896 and plays in the Copa Perú, which is the third division of the Peruvian league.
William E. Moerner
William Esco Moerner, also known as W. E. Moerner, (born June 24, 1953) is an American physical chemist and chemical physicist with current work in the biophysics and imaging of single molecules. He is credited with achieving the first optical detection and spectroscopy of a single molecule in condensed phases, along with his postdoc, Lothar Kador. Optical study of single molecules has subsequently become a widely used single-molecule experiment in chemistry, physics and biology. In 2014, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Pleasanton, California
Pleasanton is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the Amador Valley, it is an upscale suburb in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 79,871 at the 2020 census. In 2005 and 2007, Pleasanton was ranked the wealthiest middle-sized city in the United States by the Census Bureau.

Pleasanton is home to the headquarters of Safeway, Workday, Ellie Mae, Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Blackhawk Network Holdings, Veeva Systems, and Simpson Manufacturing Company. Other major employers include Kaiser Permanente, Oracle, and Macy's. Although Oakland is the Alameda County seat, a few county offices are located in Pleasanton.

The Alameda County Fairgrounds are located in Pleasanton, where the county fair is held during the last week of June and the first week of July. Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park is located on the west side of town.
Biała Wola
Biała Wola [ˈbjawa ˈvɔla] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of the Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Gmina Lubomino
Gmina Lubomino is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Lubomino, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Lidzbark Warmiński and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 149.56 square kilometres (57.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,717.
Ma'bad al-Juhani
Ma'bad ibn Kalid al-Juhanī (Arabic: معبد الجهني; died 80 AH/ 699CE), was from the tribe of Juhaynah which lived and still live in around the city of Medinah in Arabia. He was Qadari, an idea he got from Sinbuya, and was declared as misguided by some of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, such as Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab. He was crucified by the orders of the Caliph Abd al-Malik in Damascus. According to a couple of sahih hadith, "The first person to speak about Al-Qadar" (the doctrine of predestination) or at least the first person in Basra to speak about it, was "Ma'bad Al-Juhani." His ideas were later followed by Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-Dimashqī an-Nabati al-Qībtī.

Predestination in Islam
Qadar (Arabic: قدر, lit. 'power'  or 'link', with translations including "predestination", "divine decree", and "preordainment") is the concept of divine destiny in Islam. As God is all-knowing and all-powerful, everything that has happened and will happen in the universe is already known. At the same time, human beings are responsible for their actions, and will be rewarded or punished accordingly on Judgement Day.

Predestination is one of Sunni Islam's six articles of faith (along with belief in the Oneness of Allah, the Revealed Books, the Prophets of Islam, the Day of Resurrection and Angels). In Sunni discourse, those who assert free-will are called Qadariyya, while those who reject free-will are called Jabriyya.

Some early Islamic schools (Qadariyah and Muʿtazila) did not accept the doctrine of predestination; Predestination is not included in the Five Articles of Faith of Shi'i Islam. At least a few sources describe Shi'i Muslims as denying predestination.
Isolona
Isolona is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. There are 21 species native to Africa. They occur in humid habitat types.

Species include:

Isolona campanulata Engler & Diels

Isolona capuronii Cavaco & Keraudren

Isolona cauliflora Verdc.

Isolona congolana (De Wild. & T. Durand) Engl. & Diels

Isolona cooperi Hutchinson & Dalziel

Isolona deightonii Keay

Isolona dewevrei Engl. & Diels.

Isolona ghesquierei Cavaco & Keraudren

Isolona heinsenii Engl. & Diels

Isolona hexaloba Engler

Isolona humbertiana Ghesq. ex Cavaco & Keraudr.

Isolona lebrunii Boutique

Isolona letestui Pellegr.

Isolona linearis

Isolona madagascariensis (A.DC.) Engl.

Isolona maitlandii Keay

Isolona perrieri Diels

Isolona pilosa Diels

Isolona pleurocarpa Diels

Isolona thonneri (De Wild. & T.Durand) Engl. & Diels

Isolona zenkeri Engl.

Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
Ms. Tree (comic book)
Ms. Tree is a comic book series named for its lead character, co-created by writer Max Allan Collins and artist Terry Beatty. Her name is a paronomasia, or play on words, of the term "Mystery". In addition to the comics, the character has also appeared in short stories and a novel by Collins.

Eclipse Comics
Eclipse Comics was an American comic book publisher, one of several independent publishers during the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1978, it published the first graphic novel intended for the newly created comic book specialty store market. It was one of the first to offer royalties and creator ownership of rights.

Creators whose early work appears in Eclipse publications include Scott McCloud, Timothy Truman, Dan Brereton, James Hudnall and Chris Ware, while the publisher also produced creator-owned work by Don McGregor, Mark Evanier, Gene Colan, Alan Moore, Steve Englehart, Steve Gerber and P. Craig Russell.
Natomas High School
Natomas High School is a high school in the Natomas Unified School District located in the Natomas neighborhood of Sacramento. It is located at 3301 Fong Ranch Road.  The school mascot is Nelly the Nighthawk.

Natomas Unified School District
Natomas Unified School District is located in northwestern Sacramento, California.  It is the main school district of Natomas, a neighborhood of Sacramento. Robyn Castillo is the Superintendent.

NUSD ranks first in California for diversity and is the second-most diverse school district in the entire United States.
Fayal Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Fayal Township is an urban township in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,809 at the 2010 census.

U.S. Highway 53 and State Highway 37 (MN 37) are two of the main routes in the township. Other routes include Bodas Road.

Minnesota State Highway 37
Minnesota State Highway 37 (MN 37) is a 28.325-mile-long (45.585 km) highway in northeast Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with U.S. 169 / State Highway 73 in Hibbing and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with State Highway 135 in Gilbert.

Highway 37 serves as a direct route between Hibbing and U.S. Highway 53.