hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sack of Meru
The Sack of Meru, (31 October 1896 – 17 November 1896) was a series of punitive attacks by the Germans and Chagga States on the slopes of Mount Meru against the Meru and Warusha in retaliation for the deaths of two missionaries.
For the Chagga, it was to save the cattle and Chagga women that the Arusha had taken hostage in the past raids by the Warusha.

Rwa people
The Rwa or Meru sometimes Rwo (Wameru in Swahili) are a Bantu ethnic and linguistic group based on the south and eastern slopes of Mount Meru in Meru District of the Arusha Region of Tanzania, the Rwa population is estimated to number 198,000.
James McGuire (Irish politician)
James Ivan McGuire (24 July 1903 – 1989) was an Irish politician and barrister. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South constituency at the 1933 general election. He lost his seat at the 1937 general election.

His brother was Edward McGuire, a businessman and senator.

1933 Irish general election
The 1933 Irish general election to the 8th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 24 January following the dissolution of the 7th Dáil on 2 January by Governor-General Domhnall Ua Buachalla on the advice of the Executive Council. The general election took place in 30 parliamentary constituencies throughout the Irish Free State for 153 seats in Dáil Éireann.

The 8th Dáil met at Leinster House on 8 February to nominate the President and Executive Council of the Irish Free State for appointment by the Governor-General. Outgoing president Éamon de Valera was re-appointed leading a Fianna Fáil government, which fell one seat short of an overall majority.
Chatterton, Lancashire
Chatterton is a small village in the southern part of the Rossendale Valley in the Rossendale area of Lancashire, England.

It is half a mile north of Ramsbottom town centre on the A676 between Bolton and Edenfield. For local government purposes, it receives services from Rossendale Borough Council and Lancashire County Council. Nearby are the village of Stubbins and the hamlet of Strongstry. Running alongside the village separating it from Strongstry is the River Irwell.

Much of the land to the west of the village is in the care of the National Trust and consists of hillside pasture and woodland leading up to Holcombe Moor and Peel Monument.

Parkland at Chatterton was given to the people of the district of Ramsbottom as a peace memorial by the Porritt family.

Ramsbottom
Ramsbottom is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester, England. The population at the 2011 census was 17,872. Historically in Lancashire, it lies on the River Irwell in the West Pennine Moors, 3.9 miles (6.3 km) north-west of Bury and 12 miles (19 km) of Manchester. Its Victorian architecture, Pennine landscape and industrial heritage, including the East Lancashire Railway, contribute to heritage tourism in the town.
San Maiano
San Maiano is a frazione of the comune of Città di Castello in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 270 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 207 inhabitants.

Città di Castello
Città di Castello (Italian pronunciation: [tʃitˈta ddi kasˈtɛllo], lit. 'Castle Town') is a city and comune (municipality) in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of Umbria. It is situated on a slope of the Apennines, on the flood plain along the upper part of the river Tiber. The city is 56 km (35 mi) north of Perugia and 104 km (65 mi) south of Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, on the highway SS 3 bis. It is connected by the SS 73 with Arezzo, Tuscany, and the A1 highway, situated 38 km (23 mi) west. The comune of Città di Castello has an exclave named Monte Ruperto within Marche.
Bratislava–Brno offensive
The Bratislava–Brno offensive was an offensive conducted by the Red Army in western Slovak Republic and south Moravia towards the end of World War II. The offensive was held between 25 March and 5 May 1945 using the forces of the 2nd Ukrainian Front to capture the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava, and the capital of Moravia, Brno.

53rd Army (Soviet Union)
The 53rd Army (Russian: 53-я армия) was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army which was formed in August 1941, disbanded in December 1941, and reformed in May 1942.  It fought throughout World War II before again being disbanded after the war in October 1945. The army was first formed for the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran and was disbanded there in December 1941. The army reformed in May 1942. It fought in the Demyansk Pocket, the Battle of Kursk, the Battle of Belgorod, the Battle of the Dnieper, the Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket, the Uman–Botoșani Offensive, the Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, the Battle of Debrecen, the Budapest Offensive, and the Prague Offensive. At the end of the war in Europe it was moved to the Far East and fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The army was disbanded in October 1945.
Hướng Hóa district
Hướng Hóa (listenⓘ) is a rural district of Quảng Trị province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 69,003. The district covers an area of 1,145 km2. The district capital lies at Khe Sanh. The population is made up of ethnic Vietnamese as well as Bru people and Ta Oi people.

Quảng Trị province
Quảng Trị (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kʷâŋ ʈ͡ʂîˀ]) is a coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Huế to the south, Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east, with 75 kilometres (47 mi) of coast.
Historic Chapels Trust
The Historic Chapels Trust is a British Registered Charity set up to care for redundant non-Anglican churches, chapels, and places of worship in England.  To date, its holdings encompass various nonconformist Christian denominations and Roman Catholic sites.

Redundant church
A redundant church, now referred to as a closed church, is a church building that is no longer used for Christian worship. The term most frequently refers to former Anglican churches in the United Kingdom, but may also be used for disused churches in other countries. Redundant churches may be deconsecrated, but this is not always done.

Reasons for redundancy include population movements, changing social patterns, merging of parishes, and decline in church attendance (especially in the Global North). Historically, redundant churches were often demolished or left to ruin. Today, many are repurposed as community centres, museums or homes, or are protected under the care of heritage preservation organisations such as Friends of Friendless Churches or the Churches Conservation Trust, and are demolished only if no alternative can be found.
Saint Ildefonsus (El Greco, Illescas)
Saint Ildefonsus is a 1597-1603 painting by El Greco, painted for the Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Caridad in Illescas, Toledo, where it still hangs. It shows saint Ildefonsus, bishop of Toledo writing in his oratory in Toledo Cathedral, possibly one of his treatises in defence of Mary's virginity. He looks to his left for inspiration from a statue of the Virgin Mary that he had in his oratory, probably the Virgin of Charity of Illescas.

The painting was on show at Museo del Prado in 2020/2021.

Illescas, Toledo
Illescas is a town and municipality of Spain located in the province of Toledo, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 56.75 km2 and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 30,229, which makes it the third most populated municipality in the province. It belongs to the traditional comarca of La Sagra.
KCNA4
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 also known as Kv1.4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNA4 gene. It contributes to the cardiac transient outward potassium current (Ito1), the main contributing current to the repolarizing phase 1 of the cardiac action potential.

Cardiac transient outward potassium current
The cardiac transient outward potassium current (referred to as Ito1 or Ito) is one of the ion currents across the cell membrane of heart muscle cells. It is responsible for the (brief) repolarizing phase 1 of the cardiac action potential (which succeeds depolarisation, and precedes the plateau phase). The Ito is produced by movement of positively charged potassium (K+) ions from the intracellular into the extracellular space. It exhibits rapid activation and inactivation. Ito1 is complemented with Ito2 resulting from Cl− ions to form the transient outward current Ito.

The Ito1 is generated by voltage-gated K+ channels Kv1.4, Kv4.2, and (especially) Kv4.3; these channels undergo ball-and-chain inactivation to terminate the current.

It occurs in atrial, ventricular, and conduction system cells. In ventricular myocardium, it is more potent in the epicardium than the endocardium; this transmural Ito1 gradient underlies the J wave ECG finding.
A Mighty Heart (film)
A Mighty Heart is a 2007 American drama film directed by Michael Winterbottom from a screenplay by John Orloff. It is based on the 2003 memoir of the same name by Mariane Pearl.

The film was screened out of competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, before being released in North America on June 22, 2007. A Mighty Heart was met with positive reviews from critics but was a box office failure.

A Mighty Heart
A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Daniel Pearl (also subtitled A Mighty Heart: The Inside Story of the Al Qaeda Kidnapping of Danny Pearl) (2003) is a memoir by Mariane Pearl, a freelance French journalist. She covers the 2002 kidnapping and murder by terrorists in Pakistan of her late husband Daniel Pearl, an American journalist with The Wall Street Journal.
Commonwealth Grants Commission
The Commonwealth Grants Commission is an Australian independent statutory body that advises the Australian Government on financial assistance to the states and territories of Australia under section 96 of the Australian Constitution. The commission was established in July 1933 by the Lyons government during the Great Depression to provide impartial advice on the distribution of federal government grants to the states. The commission operates under the Commonwealth Grants Commission Act 1973, and is responsible for measuring the relative fiscal capacity of each state and territory.

The Commission recommends how the revenues raised from the goods and services tax (GST) should be distributed to each state and territory to achieve horizontal fiscal equalisation, a central feature of the Australian federation.

Goods and services tax (Australia)
Goods and Services Tax (GST) in Australia is a value added tax of 10% on most goods and services sales, with some exemptions (such as for certain food, healthcare and housing items) and concessions (including qualifying long-term accommodation, which is taxed at an effective rate of 5.5%). GST is levied on most transactions in the production process, but is in many cases refunded to all parties in the chain of production other than the final consumer.

The tax was introduced by the Howard government and commenced on 1 July 2000, replacing the previous federal wholesale sales tax system and designed to phase out a number of various State and Territory Government taxes, duties and levies such as banking taxes and stamp duty.

A proposed increase of GST to 15% has been put forward, but is generally lacking in bipartisan support.
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
Lateral to either olfactory groove are the internal openings of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina (or canals).

The posterior ethmoidal foramen opens at the back part of this margin under cover of the projecting lamina of the sphenoid, and transmits the posterior ethmoidal vessels and nerve.

Posterior ethmoidal artery
The posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head which arises from the ophthalmic artery to supply the posterior ethmoidal air cells, and the meninges. It is smaller than the anterior ethmoidal artery.
Battle of Saint-Lô
The Battle of Saint-Lô was one of the three conflicts in the battle of the hedgerows which took place between July 7 and 19, 1944, in Saint-Lô, Manche, Normandy, France, just before Operation Cobra. Saint-Lô had fallen to Germany in 1940, and, after the Invasion of Normandy, the Americans targeted the city, as it served as a strategic crossroads. American bombardment caused heavy damage (up to 95% of the city was destroyed) and a high number of casualties, which resulted in the martyr city being called "The Capital of Ruins", popularized in a report by Samuel Beckett.

USS St. Lo
USS St. Lo (AVG/ACV/CVE–63) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier of the United States Navy during World War II. On 25 October 1944, St. Lo became the first major warship to sink as the result of a kamikaze attack. The attack occurred during the Battle off Samar, part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf.
Javon McCrea
Javon Tyree McCrea (born November 5, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Buffalo eXtreme of the American Basketball Association. Born in Newark, New York, he played college basketball for the Buffalo Bulls between 2010 and 2014.

Newark, New York
Newark (/ˈnjuːərk/ NEW-ərk) is a village in Wayne County, New York, United States, 35 miles (56 km) south east of Rochester and 48 miles (77 km) west of Syracuse. The population was 9,017 at the 2020 census. The Village of Newark is in the south part of the Town of Arcadia and is in the south of Wayne County. It is the most populous community in Wayne County.
Zoeterwoude-Rijndijk
Zoeterwoude-Rijndijk is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Zoeterwoude, and lies about 5 km (3 mi) southeast of Leiden.

The statistical area "Zoeterwoude-Rijndijk", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 2770.

Since 1975 a Heineken brewery is located in this town.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
2021 Chile Open – Singles
Cristian Garín defeated Facundo Bagnis in the final, 6–4, 6–7(3–7), 7–5 to capture the men's singles tennis title at the 2021 Chile Open.

Thiago Seyboth Wild was the defending champion, but chose not to defend his title.

Facundo Bagnis
Facundo Bagnis (Spanish pronunciation: [faˈkundo ˈβaɣnis]; born 27 February 1990) is an Argentine inactive professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 55 reached in November 2016. Bagnis competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour where he has won 17 singles titles. He also won one ATP doubles title in Stuttgart.
Neil Anderson (RNZN officer)
Vice Admiral Sir Neil Dudley Anderson, KBE, CB (5 April 1927 – 5 June 2010) was a senior officer in the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). He served as Chief of Naval Staff, the professional head of the RNZN, from 1978 to 1980 and as Chief of Defence Staff from 1980 to 1983. He married the author Barbara Anderson in 1951, and the couple had two children. He died on 5 June 2010 aged 83.

Anderson was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1967 Queen's Birthday Honours, and advanced to Commander of the same order in the 1977 New Year Honours. Also in 1977, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1980 New Year Honours, and knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1982 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
The Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (French: Médaille du jubilé d'argent de la reine Elizabeth II) is a commemorative medal created in 1977 to mark the 25th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's accession in 1952. The medal is physically identical in all realms where it was awarded, save for Canada, where it contained unique elements. As an internationally distributed award, the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal holds a different place in each country's order of precedence for honours.
Sathyathinte Nizhalil
Sathyathinte Nizhalil is 1975 Malayalam-language film directed by Babu Nandancode. The story was written by Prema Shanmugham with dialogue and screenplay by Sreekumaran Thampi.  Playback singers were Ambili, K. J. Yesudas and P. Susheela, and actors were Sudheer, K. P. Ummer, Ushanandini, Bahadoor, Pappu, Thikkurisi Sukumaran Nair, Philomina, Janardanan and Kunchan.

Malayalam actor Sudheer won the 1975 "Best Actor Award" from the Kerala State Government for his role in the film. This was P.S. Nivas's first film as an independent cinematographer.

P. S. Nivas
Panayamparambil Sreenivasan a.k.a. P. S. Nivas (27 May 1946 – 1 February 2021) was an Indian cinematographer, film director and film producer who worked in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, and Hindi cinema. He was a recipient of National Film Award for Best Cinematography for the 1976 Malayalam film Mohiniyaattam.He is the second Keralite to win the national honor after Mankada Ravi Varma. He was a frequent collaborator with Bharathiraja and they worked together in 8 films.
Giustiniana Wynne
Giustiniana Wynne, Countess Rosenberg-Orsini (21 January 1737 – 22 August 1791) was a Venetian writer. She features in the memoirs of Casanova and had a long secret love affair with Andrea Memmo, one of the last statesmen of the Venetian Republic.

Andrea Memmo
Andrea Memmo (29 March 1729 – 27 January 1793) was a Venetian patrician and politician. Tutored by Carlo Lodoli, he was a proponent of Enlightenment values and political reform for the stagnant Republic of Venice. He is well known for his love affair with Giustiniana Wynne, following her to Milan and Paris, before returning to Venice.
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.

Nuclear technology
Nuclear technology is technology that involves the nuclear reactions of atomic nuclei. Among the notable nuclear technologies are nuclear reactors, nuclear medicine and nuclear weapons. It is also used, among other things, in smoke detectors and gun sights.
Norm Peach
Norm Peach is an American bassist from Utica, New York who was a member of Earthstar during the late 1970s.  He also played with Dennis Rea and Daniel Zongrone in Zuir prior to joining Earthstar.  He appeared on two Earthstar albums: Salterbarty Tales (1978) and French Skyline (1979).

Salterbarty Tales
Salterbarty Tales is the debut album by the American electronic band Earthstar. It was recorded in 1977 and 1978 and released by Moontower Records in 1978.  The album is the only release to feature significant grand piano sections performed by Craig Wuest with relatively basic synthesizer work and far less multitracking when compared to later Earthstar albums.  It is also the only album not to feature tape loop instruments:  the mellotron and the Birotron.

Salterbarty Tales has been described as "impossible to find" by Earthstar guitarist Dennis Rea.  A few copies sold online in 2007 ranged in price from US $75 to US $125.

In December 2023, Made in Germany Music officially reissued Salterbarty Tales as part of the 5-CD set Collected Works.
Pinedale, Arizona
Pinedale is an unincorporated community in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. The population was 487 at the 2010 census. The elevation is approximately 6,500 ft (2,000 m) and it is part of the Mogollon Rim mountain range.

Pinedale was first known as Mortensen, after the Mortensen and Petersen families who established a Mormon settlement there in 1879. It was also known as Percheron, for the breed of stallions which James Mortensen had brought with him. By 1888, however, the settlement was called Pinedale.

Navajo County, Arizona
Navajo County (Navajo: Tʼiisyaakin Áłtsʼíísí Bił Hahoodzo) is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 106,717. The county seat is Holbrook.

Navajo County comprises the Show Low, Arizona Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Navajo County contains parts of the Hopi Indian reservation, the Navajo Nation, and Fort Apache Indian Reservation.
Zombiepura
Zombiepura (Chinese: 尸杀军营),  is a 2018 Singaporean horror comedy film directed by Jacen Tan. The film stars Alaric Tay and Benjamin Heng. The film was the first widely released Singaporean zombie film.

Jacen Tan
Jacen Tan is a Singaporean independent film director, and has been named by The Straits Times Life! as one of Singapore's "most exciting young talents" and “Singapore's latest film funnyman”.

Tan is known for his low budget films, highly localised treatment of Singaporean issues and the liberal use of Singlish in his films. All his film titles consist of commonly spoken Hokkien words. He has directed music videos for popular Singaporean bands Rudra, Lunarin and Documentary in Amber, and has been named by The Straits Times Life! as one of Singapore's "most exciting young talents". His films Tak Giu and Zo Peng are used in the course "Singapore Literature & Culture II" at Nanyang Technological Univers
Taupo International Motorsport Park
Taupo International Motorsport Park and Events Centre (previously known as the Bruce McLaren Motorsport Park) is a motorsports circuit located in Broadlands Road, Taupō, New Zealand. It is owned by Tony Quinn who also owns Highlands Motorsport Park and Hampton Downs Motorsport Park.

The circuit was an upgrade from a 1.398 km (0.869 mi) Taupo Car Club's circuit to the new 3.500 km (2.175 mi) international layout in 2006. The Motorsport Park was completed in 2006 at the cost of NZ$13 million. It features driver training facilities, a motorsport business park with 13 first floor corporate suites and a second floor race control, corporate and catering complex.

Taupō
Taupō, sometimes written Taupo, is a town located in the central North Island of New Zealand. It is situated on the edge of Lake Taupō, which is the largest freshwater lake in New Zealand. Taupō was constituted as a borough in 1953. It has been the seat of Taupō District Council since the council was formed in 1989.

Taupō is the largest urban area of the Taupō District, and the second-largest urban area in the Waikato region, behind Hamilton. It has a population of approximately 26,600 (June 2024). Taupō is known for its natural beauty, with the surrounding area offering a range of outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, fishing, skiing, and water sports. Visitors can also enjoy a variety of attractions, including the Wairakei Power Station, Huka Falls, and the Tongariro National Park.