hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernst Ullring
Ernst Ullring DSO (18 June 1894 – 10 October 1953) was a Norwegian naval officer and inventor who is known for his contributions during the Second World War.

Ullring was born in Horten to Ole Edvard Ullring and Svenda Fogelstrøm, and graduated as naval officer in 1916. He invented a series of naval instruments, including the direction finder called Ullrings peileskive. During the Norwegian Campaign in 1940 he was in command of the destroyer HNoMS Sleipner, and he served as military governor of Svalbard 1942–1943. In 1944 and 1945 he served as commodore at the Royal Naval Reserve, and was involved in the Battle of the Atlantic, including the Arctic convoys. His war decorations include the Norwegian War Cross with Sword, the Defence Medal 1940–1945, the Norwegian War Medal, the Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal, and the British Distinguished Service Order.

HNoMS Sleipner (1936)
HNoMS Sleipner was a destroyer commissioned into the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1936. The lead ship of the Sleipner class, she gained near-legendary status in Norway by enduring over two weeks of intense air attack by Luftwaffe bombers following the 9 April 1940 invasion of Norway. After the resistance in South Norway started unravelling she made her way over the North Sea to continue the fight against the Germans from exile. After serving as a convoy escort along the coast of the United Kingdom, she was decommissioned in 1944. She was recommissioned in 1948 after being converted to a frigate. Along with her surviving sister ships she was sold for scrapping in 1959.
Lee In-hwi
Lee In-hwi (Korean: 이인휘; born 1958, Seoul, South Korea) is a South Korean writer. He made his literary debut in 1988 when his novella Uri eoksen jumeok (우리 억센 주먹 Our Clenched Fists) appeared in the literary journal Nokdukkot. He chaired the Practicing Freedom Committee under the Writers Association of Korea and is a board member of the Association. He won the Manhae Literature Prize in 2016 for his short story collection Pyeheoreul boda (폐허를 보다 I See the Ruins).

Manhae Prize
The Manhae Prize is a series of awards in the following categories: Peace, Social Service, Academic Excellence, Art, Literature, and Buddhist Missionary Work awarded by The Society for the Promotion and Practice of Manhae's Thoughts in memory of Buddhist reformer and anti-Japanese independence activist Han Yong-un (1879–1944).
Hand formula
The Hand formula, also known as the Hand rule, calculus of negligence, or BPL formula, is a conceptual formula created by United States Judge Learned Hand, which describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (constituting negligence).  The original description of the calculus was in United States v. Carroll Towing Co., in which an improperly secured barge had drifted away from a pier and caused damage to several other boats.

United States v. Carroll Towing Co.
United States v. Carroll Towing Co., 159 F.2d 169 (2d. Cir. 1947), is a decision from the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals that proposed a test to determine the standard of care for the tort of negligence. The judgment was written by Judge Learned Hand wherein he described what is now called the Hand formula, a classic example of a balancing test.
Carol Hanisch
Carol Hanisch (born 1942) is an American radical feminist activist. She was an important member of New York Radical Women and Redstockings. She is best known for popularizing the phrase "the personal is political" in a 1970 essay of the same name. She does not take responsibility of the phrase, stating in her 2006 updated essay, with a new introduction, that did not name it that, or in fact use it in the essay at all. Instead she claims that the title was done by the editors of Notes from the Second Year: Women's Liberation (where it was published), Shulamith Firestone and Anne Koedt. She also conceived the 1968 Miss America protest and was one of the four women who hung a women's liberation banner over the balcony at the Miss America Pageant, disrupting the proceedings.

Miss America protest
The Miss America protest was a demonstration held at the Miss America 1969 contest on September 7, 1968, attended by about 200 feminists and civil rights advocates. The feminist protest was organized by New York Radical Women and included putting symbolic feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can" on the Atlantic City boardwalk, including bras, hairspray, makeup, girdles, corsets, false eyelashes, mops, and other items. The protesters also unfurled a large banner emblazoned with "Women's Liberation" inside the contest hall, drawing worldwide media attention to the Women's Liberation Movement.

Reporter Lindsy Van Gelder drew an analogy between the feminist protesters throwing bras in the trash cans and Vietnam War protesters who burned their draft cards. The bra-burning trope was permanently attached to the event and became a catch-phrase of the feminist era.
Land's End Plantation (Scott, Arkansas)
The Land's End Plantation, also known as James Robert Alexander House, is a historic plantation at 1 Land's End Land in rural southeastern Pulaski County, Arkansas, off Arkansas Highway 161 south of Scott.  It is a 5,000-acre (2,000 ha) working plantation, located on the banks of the Arkansas River.  The main plantation complex includes a 1925 Tudor Revival house, designed by John Parks Almand, and more than 20 outbuildings.  AR 161, which passes close to the main house, is lined by pecan trees planted about 1900 by James Robert Alexander, the plantation owner.

The house and a 54-acre (22 ha) portion of the estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Scott, Arkansas
Scott is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lonoke and Pulaski counties in the central part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. Per the 2020 census, the population was 97. It is part of the Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Lucky Ones (film)
The Lucky Ones is a 2007 American comedy-drama directed by Neil Burger and stars Tim Robbins, Rachel McAdams and Michael Peña.

The screenplay by Burger and Dirk Wittenborn focuses on three United States Army soldiers who find themselves drawn together by unforeseen circumstances.

The film was released in the US on September 26, 2008 and was a box office bomb.

Neil Burger
Neil Norman Burger  is an American filmmaker. He is known for the fake-documentary Interview with the Assassin (2002), the period drama The Illusionist (2006), Limitless (2011), and the sci-fi action film Divergent (2014).
Sonic Past Music
Sonic Past Music is a record label in Southern California that specializes in releasing previously unpublished music from mainstream artists. Most of the music from the label is from artists from the 1960s and 1970s sunshine pop, psychedelic pop era.

Artists include names like The Millennium, Curt Boettcher, Lee Mallory, Joey Stec, Sandy Salisbury, and Randy Meisner from The Eagles, Richie Sambora from Bon Jovi, Huey Lewis from his early days in Clover, Jawk-Dog (members of The Doobie Brothers and Creedence Clearwater Revival) and Rick Springfield.

The company was formed in 1998 by Joey Stec of The Millennium.

Lee Mallory
William George "Lee" Mallory (January 10, 1945 – March 21, 2005) was a singer, songwriter and guitarist who was part of bands including The Millennium and Sagittarius. His most successful single was a cover of the Phil Ochs/Bob Gibson song "That's the Way It's Gonna Be". The song, produced by Curt Boettcher, reached No. 86 on the charts and was a surprise hit in Seattle. A CD by the same name was released in 2002, with many songs and demos Mallory had recorded during the 1960s. Lee Mallory helped start the California Sound of the 1960s.
Starter for Ten (novel)
Starter for Ten by David Nicholls is a novel first published in 2003 about the character Brian Jackson and his first year of university (1985–86), his attempts to get on the Granada Television quiz show University Challenge, and his tentative attempts at romance with Alice Harbinson, another member of the University Challenge team. The title is taken from an opening question to a round on the quiz show worth ten points, known as the teams' "starter for ten".  Because this reference might be lost on American readers, it was originally released as A Question of Attraction when it was published in the United States.

It was adapted in 2006 as the film Starter for 10 and as a stage musical in 2024.

David Nicholls (writer)
David Alan Nicholls (born 30 November 1966) is a British novelist and screenwriter. Initially an actor after graduating from college, he became a screenwriter, notably creating the television series Rescue Me (2002) and adaptations of novels, plays, and memoirs. He is the author of six novels.
School of Medicine and Public Health (University of Wisconsin–Madison)
The School of Medicine and Public Health is a professional school for the study of medicine and public health at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. It is one of only two medical schools in Wisconsin, along with the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, and the only public one.

The school's main building, the Health Sciences Learning Center, is located at the western end of UW–Madison's campus, adjacent to the UW Health University Hospital, its primary affiliated teaching hospital, as well as the Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research. UWSMPH is active in teaching and research, and extramural research grants received by UWSMPH totaled US$367.8 million in 2017–18, accounting for 40 per cent of all research grants received by UW–Madison.

James Thomson (cell biologist)
James Alexander Thomson is an American developmental biologist best known for deriving the first human embryonic stem cell line in 1998 and for deriving human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) in 2007.
Solo Electric Bass 1
Solo Electric Bass 1 is a live album by Squarepusher. The album consists of twelve tracks recorded from Squarepusher's September 2007 live performance at Cité de la Musique in Paris, France, as part of the Jazz à la Villette 2007 festival. In contrast to Squarepusher's  multi-instrumental performances, the tracks on Solo Electric Bass 1 were performed using only a 6-string electric extended-range bass guitar and amplifier. The release is limited to 850 copies worldwide.

Squarepusher
Thomas Russell Jenkinson (born 17 January 1975), known professionally as Squarepusher, is an English electronic musician, record producer, bassist, multi-instrumentalist and DJ. His music spans several genres including drum and bass, IDM, acid techno, jazz fusion, and electroacoustic music. His recordings are often typified by a combination of complex drum programming, live instrumental playing, and digital signal processing. Since 1995, he has recorded for Warp Records as well as smaller labels, including Rephlex Records. He is the older brother of Ceephax Acid Crew (Andy Jenkinson).
Back to the Beach
Back to the Beach is a 1987 American comedy film starring Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello, directed by Lyndall Hobbs. The original music score is composed by Steve Dorff.  The film generated a total domestic gross of $13,110,903. It received a "two thumbs up" rating from Siskel and Ebert, who compared it favorably to Grease.

The film is an open parody of the beach party films made popular in the 1960s, especially those in which Avalon and Funicello had appeared. The plot is merely the means of connecting the various sight gags, homages and in-jokes.  All character names are taken from those earlier films.

The film's soundtrack included covers of several well-known beach tunes, along with new songs by such artists as Aimee Mann and Private Domain.

Frankie Avalon
Francis Thomas Avallone  (born September 18, 1940), known professionally as Frankie Avalon, is an American singer, actor and former teen idol. He had 31 charting U.S. Billboard singles from 1958 to late 1962, including number one hits, "Venus" in 1959 and "Why" in 1960.

Avalon started appearing in films in the 1960s; he is well-known for having appeared in the Beach party films of this decade and for supporting roles in the 1960 western The Alamo and in the 1978 musical film Grease. In the latter film, he sings the song "Beauty School Dropout".
Bromochloromethane
Bromochloromethane or methylene bromochloride and Halon 1011 is a mixed halomethane. It is a heavy low-viscosity liquid with refractive index 1.4808.

Halon 1011 was invented for use in fire extinguishers in Germany during the mid-1940s, in an attempt to create a less toxic, more effective alternative to carbon tetrachloride. This was a concern in aircraft and tanks as carbon tetrachloride produced highly toxic by-products when discharged onto a fire. It was slightly less toxic, and used up until the late 1960s, being officially banned by the NFPA for use in fire extinguishers in 1969, as safer and more effective agents such as halon 1211 and 1301 were developed. Due to its ozone depletion potential its production was banned from January 1, 2002, at the Eleventh Meeting of the Parties for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

Bromochloromethane's biodegradation is catalyzed by the hydrolase enzyme alkylhalidase:

CH2BrCl  + H2O   →   CH2O + HBr + HCl

Alkylhalidase
In enzymology, an alkylhalidase (EC 3.8.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

bromochloromethane + H2O  formaldehyde + bromide + chloride

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are bromochloromethane and H2O, whereas its 3 products are formaldehyde, bromide, and chloride.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on halide bonds in carbon-halide compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is alkyl-halide halidohydrolase. Other names in common use include halogenase, haloalkane halidohydrolase, and haloalkane dehalogenase.
The Boxer's Bride
The Boxer's Bride (German: Die Boxerbraut) is a 1926 German silent sports film directed by Johannes Guter and starring Xenia Desni, Willy Fritsch and Hermann Picha.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Erich Czerwonski.

Willy Fritsch
Willy Fritsch (born Wilhelm Egon Fritz, 27 January 1901 – 13 July 1973) was a German Silesian theatre and film actor, a popular leading man and character actor from the silent-film era to the early 1960s.
Eurith D. Rivers
Eurith Dickinson Rivers (December 1, 1895 – June 11, 1967), commonly known as E. D. Rivers and informally as "Ed" Rivers, was an American politician from Lanier County, Georgia. A Democrat, he was the 68th Governor of Georgia, serving from 1937 to 1941.

Lanier County, Georgia
Lanier County is a county in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. At the 2020 census, the population was 9,877. The county seat is Lakeland. It is named after Georgia poet Sidney Lanier.

Lanier County is part of the Valdosta metropolitan area and shares Moody Air Force Base with Lowndes County on its western boundary.
Searles Lake
Searles Lake  is an endorheic dry lake in the Searles Valley of the Mojave Desert, in northwestern San Bernardino County, California. The lake in the past was also called Slate Range Lake and Borax Lake.

The mining community of Trona is on its western shore. The evaporite basin is approximately 19 km (12 mi) long and 13 km (8.1 mi) at its widest point, yielding 1.7 million tons annually of industrial minerals within the basin to the Searles Valley Minerals mining operations. Searles Lake is bounded by the Argus and Slate Mountains, and was named after John Wemple Searles.

Slate Range (California)
The Slate Range is located in the Mojave Desert in San Bernardino County, California, southwest of Death Valley and east of Trona.

The mountains lie to the east of Searles Lake and the Argus Range at the southern end of the Panamint Range. The southern part of the range lies in the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, which is off-limit to the general public. Manly Pass lies at the northern end of the Slate Range, with Layton Pass at the southern end.
Zwierzchów
Zwierzchów [ˈzvʲɛʂxuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełchatów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) east of Bełchatów and 47 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Bełchatów
Gmina Bełchatów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bełchatów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 179.89 square kilometres (69.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,306.
Music to Eat
Music to Eat is an album by the avant garde rock group Hampton Grease Band.  Their only album, and the first album by a band fronted by Bruce Hampton, it was released in 1971 as a two-disc LP.

Music to Eat did not sell many copies. Despite this, it has since garnered enough interest to warrant Columbia to officially re-issue the album on CD in 1996 and on vinyl in 2018. Like albums by Captain Beefheart, Frank Zappa, and Pere Ubu, Music to Eat helped establish a quirky, experimental version of rock music.

Bruce Hampton
Bruce Hampton (born Gustav Valentine Berglund III; April 30, 1947 – May 1, 2017) was an American musician. He was a key figure in the Atlanta music scene, mentoring numerous other musicians who became national stars.  His own musical style was avant-garde, combining elements of jazz, fusion, southern rock, and jam band styles.

He first rose to prominence as the leader of the Hampton Grease Band. Adopting the moniker Colonel Hampton B. Coles, Retired or alternatively Col. Bruce Hampton Ret., and sometimes playing a sort of dwarf guitar called a "chazoid", he later formed several other bands, some of whose names include The Late Bronze Age, The Aquarium Rescue Unit, The Fiji Mariners, The Codetalkers, The Quark Alliance, Pharaoh Gummitt, and Madrid Express.
Hunter Johnson (tennis)
Hunter Johnson (born 2 June 1994) is a professional American tennis player and pickleball player.

Johnson has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 1,470 achieved on 24 October 2016 and a career high doubles ranking of World No. 201 achieved on 21 March 2022.

Johnson made his ATP main draw debut at the 2021 Delray Beach Open on hard course in Florida, where he was granted entry into the main doubles draw partnering with his twin brother Yates Johnson. They were defeated in the first round by another American duo, Christian Harrison and Ryan Harrison, in straight sets 2–6, 2–6.

Johnson has reached 20 career doubles finals, with a record of 12 wins and 8 losses all coming at the ITF Futures level. He has yet to reach a final in singles at any level.

2021 Delray Beach Open
The 2021 Delray Beach Open (officially known as 2021 Delray Beach Open by VITACOST.com for sponsorship reasons) was a professional men's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 29th edition of the tournament, and part of the 2021 ATP Tour. It took place in Delray Beach, Florida, United States between January 7 and January 13, 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was rescheduled from its original dates in mid February. Fourth-seeded Hubert Hurkacz won the singles title.
Los hombres las prefieren viudas
Los hombres las prefieren viudas (Men Prefer Widows) is a 1943 Argentine film, directed by Gregorio Martínez Sierra and starring Catalina Bárcena, Santiago Gómez Cou and Alita Román.

The film, made by Estudios San Miguel, is based on the play of the same name by Pedro E. Pico. It premiered in Buenos Aires on July 21, 1943. The film was remade in Spain in 1970, with the same title, by León Klimovsky.

Pedro E. Pico
Pedro E. Pico (27 July 1882 – 12 November 1945) was an Argentine dramatist, lawyer, journalist, and screenwriter. His plays such as La polca del espiante and ¡Para eso se paga! were performed at the Teatro de la Comedia, and he later wrote several plays with Samuel Eichelbaum including Un romance turco (A Turkish Romance) (1920) and La Juana Figueroa (1921).

In the 1940s he became a successful screenwriter. At the 1944 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards, he won the Silver Condor Award for Best Adapted Screenplay with Manuel Agromayor and Alfredo de la Guardia for Juvenilia.
The Showgrounds, Wangaratta
The Wangaratta Showgrounds is situated on the banks of the Ovens River, close to central Wangaratta and provides a large venue for a host of local sports and community clubs.

It has hosted the Wangaratta Agricultural Show since 1860 and the annual Wangaratta Athletic Carnival since 1917.

The sports oval is a major North Eastern cricket and football venue in Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia and is known as the Norm Minns Oval.

Victorian Athletic League
The Victorian Athletic League organises professional footrunning events ranging from 70 to 3200 metres. The most famous of these events is the Stawell Gift which has been run since 1878 and hosts the richest footrace in Australia. Many other gifts are held around Victoria in country and metro locations including Ballarat, Bendigo, Wangaratta, Maryborough, Keilor, Yarrawonga, Ringwood, Rye and Olympic Park. Races are run under a handicap system which makes races competitive. Each race has a different handicap limit. Generally, the greater the sum of the prize money for a race, the less handicap is available, limiting the class of runners that can win. Runners are awarded prize money when making finals and bookmaking occurs at major meets.
Golden (Jill Scott song)
"Golden" is the first single released by American soul and R&B singer-songwriter Jill Scott, from her second album Beautifully Human: Words and Sounds Vol. 2. The song peaked at 59 on the UK Singles Chart. It was also featured in the 2008 video game Grand Theft Auto IV on the in-game R&B radio station The Vibe 98.8, and also appears in the films Beauty Shop (2005), Obsessed (2009), and What Men Want (2019). Comedian Ellen DeGeneres chose the song to be used in the closing credits of her 2024 Netflix special Ellen DeGeneres: For Your Approval.

Ellen DeGeneres: For Your Approval
Ellen DeGeneres: For Your Approval is a 2024 American stand-up comedy special by comedian and television host Ellen DeGeneres. It was recorded at the Orpheum Theatre in Minneapolis, Minnesota in August 2024 and premiered on September 24, 2024, on Netflix. For Your Approval was her first stand-up special since 2018's Ellen DeGeneres: Relatable, also produced by Netflix. DeGeneres has stated that the special will be her final outing as a comedian.
Janice Shaw Crouse
Janice Shaw Crouse is an American anti-abortion activist. She was executive director of the World Congress of Families IX. She is Senior Fellow of Concerned Women for America. She is on the advisory board of Coalition for Divorce Reform.

She was raised in Milstead, Georgia and graduated from Asbury College in 1961. There she met her future husband Gilbert Crouse.
She was a college dean and public high school teacher. She became George H. W. Bush's speechwriter in 1991. In the 90s, she was executive director of  Institute on Religion and Democracy's Ecumenical Coalition on Women and Society project. George W. Bush appointed her as an official US delegate to the 2002 U.N. Children's Summit and 2003 U.N. Commission on the Status of Women.

Asbury University
Asbury University is a private Christian university in Wilmore, Kentucky, United States. Although it is a non-denominational school, the college is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement and is a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Connection. The school offers 50-plus majors across 17 departments. In the fall of 2016, Asbury University had a total enrollment of 1,854: 1,640 traditional undergraduate students and 214 graduate students. The campus of Asbury Theological Seminary, which became a separate institution in 1922, is located across the street from Asbury University.