hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Esseneite
Esseneite is a relatively rare mineral of the pyroxene group, with formula CaFeAlSiO6. It is the ferric-iron-dominant member. Esseneite is an iron-analogue of other pyroxene-group members, davisite, grossmanite, and kushiroite. It is a metamorphic mineral forming in pyrometamorphic rocks called paralavas, which are formed due to fusing on sedimentary rocks usually in result of coal fires. Esseneite is found in both natural and anthropogenic coal-fire sites.

Esseneite was named for Eric J. Essene (1939–2011), a metamorphic petrologist and Professor of Geosciences at the University of Michigan.

The mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group C2/c.

Eric J. Essene
Eric J. Essene (April 26, 1939, Berkeley, California – May 20, 2011, Ann Arbor, Michigan) was a professor emeritus of geosciences and a metamorphic petrologist at the University of Michigan. In 2010, Essene was awarded the Penrose Medal by the Geological Society of America. He was a leader in the development of geothermobarometry as a tool in understanding the rock assemblages of high grade metamorphic suites and the evolution of continental crust.

Essene earned his BS in geosciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1961 and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1967. He served post-doctoral positions at Cambridge University and Australian National University after gaining his doctorate from Berkeley, then began his long career in teaching and research at the University of Michigan in 1970.

The mineral Esseneite was named for Essene.
Battle of Samara Bend
The Battle of Samara Bend (Russian: Монгольско-булгарское сражение, lit. 'Mongolian-Bulgar battle'), also known as the Battle of Kernek, was the first battle between the Volga Bulgaria and the Mongol Empire, which took place during the autumn of 1223 at the southern border of Volga Bulgaria. It is famous for being known as the first battle that the Mongol Empire lost. Although prior to this battle the Mongol army suffered a defeat to Rus' princes at Battle of Oleshia.

The battle at Samara Bend began with the Bulgar forces retreating and the Mongols pursuing them, leading them successfully into a Bulgar ambush. The Bulgars counterattacked the Mongols, and drove them back.

Subutai
Subutai (c. 1175–1248) was a Mongol general and the primary military strategist of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan. He ultimately directed more than 20 campaigns, during which he conquered more territory than any other commander in history as part of the expansion of the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire in human history. He often gained victory by means of sophisticated strategies and routinely coordinated movements of armies that operated hundreds of kilometers apart from each other. Subutai is regarded as one of the greatest military commanders in history, and the single greatest in Mongolian history. He was instrumental in the conquests of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan.
Arengario
In Italy, an arengario (also spelled arrengario or arengo; pl.: arengari, arrengari, arenghi) is a government building in various historic periods. The word comes from the verb "arringare" ("to address"), as arengari usually have balconies from which the authorities would address the population in public speeches.

It was originally the town hall of Italian medieval communes, especially in Northern Italy. Under Fascism, it was also local governments seats, such as the seat of the podestà (mayor). As a consequence, a number of both medieval and modern (Fascist) buildings in different Italian cities are known as "Arengario". Notable arengari include:

the medieval Arengario of Monza

the medieval Arengario of Brescia

the early 20th century Arengario of Milan

Arengario (Monza)
The Arengario is a historic building in Monza, northern Italy. It was built in the 13th century and is named after its original function as the town's "arengario" (i.e., town hall). It is located in the most central square of Monza, Piazza Roma.

Its architecture is clearly inspired by that of the Palazzo della Ragione of Milan, with a portico surmounted by a single upper floor that was used for councils. The side of the building facing South has a small stone loggia (added to the main building in 1330) informally known as "la Parléra" (in Lombard, "the speaking place"), where the commune's decrees were declaimed to the population. In the 14th century, a bell tower was added, decorated with Ghibelline-styled merlons. In the original building, external stairs led to the upper floor; these have been replaced in 1904 with a new stairway inside the tower.
Charlotte Augusta Haig
Charlotte Augusta (Astor) Haig (March 29, 1858 – July 30, 1920) was an American socialite. She was a member of the Astor family, the Livingston family, and the Van Cortlandt family. Haig has been portrayed by Hannah Shealy in the HBO drama The Gilded Age.

The Gilded Age (TV series)
The Gilded Age is an American historical drama television series created and written by Julian Fellowes for HBO that is set in the United States during the Gilded Age, the boom years of the 1880s, in New York City. Originally announced in 2018 for NBC, it was later announced in May 2019 that the show was moved to HBO. The first season premiered on January 24, 2022, and the second on October 29, 2023. In December 2023, the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered on June 22, 2025. In July 2025, the series was renewed for a fourth season.

The series has received positive reviews, with particular praise for the costumes and performances of lead actors Carrie Coon, Morgan Spector, Cynthia Nixon, and Christine Baranski. At the 76th Primetime Emmy Awards, the second season received six nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series and acting nods for Coon and Baranski.
Edmonton Convention Centre
The Edmonton Convention Centre (ECC, known as the Shaw Conference Centre from 1997 to 2018), is a meeting, entertainment, and convention venue located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Opened in 1983, it is managed by Explore Edmonton, the destination marketing organization of the city of Edmonton.

It is located on Jasper Avenue and built into a hill, emerging onto Grierson Hill Road and into the Louise McKinney Riverfront Park. The riverside site allows for approximately 70 per cent of the building space to be located underground, burrowed into the cliff face, concealing the fact that the building is over 10 stories high.

It is reported by EEDC that the ECC boosts Edmonton's economy by an estimated $44 million a year.

Explore Edmonton
Explore Edmonton Co. is a destination marketing organization in Edmonton, Alberta. It is involved in promoting Edmonton tourism, operating two of the city's event facilities—the Edmonton Convention Centre and the Edmonton Expo Centre.

It was formerly known as the Edmonton Economic Development Corporation (EEDC), and additionally acted as an economic development agency for the city. In 2019, Edmonton's city council voted in favour of splitting its economic development activities into a new innovation authority (which would be known as Innovate Edmonton). After the dissolution of Northlands in 2021, Explore Edmonton took over stewardship of K-Days and Farmfair International.
Broda, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Broda [ˈbrɔda] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Brusy, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Brusy
Gmina Brusy is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Brusy, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of Chojnice and 80 km (50 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 400.74 square kilometres (154.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,129, of which the population of Brusy is 4,582, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,547.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Zaborski Landscape Park.
Samuele Bersani
Samuele Bersani (born 1 October 1970) is an Italian singer-songwriter. He received the "Mia Martini" Critics Award at the Sanremo Music Festival in 2000 and in 2012, with the songs "Replay" and "Un pallone", respectively.
His best known songs also include "Giudizi universali", released in 1997 and certified in 2017 as a platinum-selling single by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry, and "Spaccacuore," which was later covered by Italian singer Laura Pausini. He wrote the lyrics of Lucio Dalla's song "Canzone."

In 2000, Bersani recorded the soundtrack of the film Chiedimi se sono felice, by Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo.
In 2007, he won the Amnesty International Italy "Voci per la liberta" Award for "Occhiali rotti", a song included in his album L'aldiqua (2006) and written in memory of journalist Enzo Baldoni. His record Cinema Samuele received the Targa Tenco for Best Album in 2021.

Sanremo Music Festival 2000
The Sanremo Music Festival 2000 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2000), officially the 50th Italian Song Festival (50º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 50th annual Sanremo Music Festival, held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo in late February 2000 and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was presented by Fabio Fazio, supported by Luciano Pavarotti, Teo Teocoli and Inés Sastre. Composers Pino Donaggio and Giorgio Moroder and lyricist Carla Vistarini served as the artistic directors.

The winners of the Big Artists section were the group Piccola Orchestra Avion Travel with the song "Sentimento", while Samuele Bersani won the Critics Award with the song "Replay". Jenny B won the Newcomers section with the song "Semplice sai".

After every night, Alessia Marcuzzi and the comedy duo Fichi d'India hosted DopoFestival, a talk show about the festival with the participation of singers and journalists.
Holberg Suite
The Holberg Suite, Op. 40, more properly From Holberg's Time (Norwegian: Fra Holbergs tid), subtitled "Suite in olden style" (Norwegian: Suite i gammel stil), is a suite of five movements based on eighteenth-century dance forms, written by Edvard Grieg in 1884 to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Dano-Norwegian humanist playwright Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754).

It exemplifies nineteenth-century music which makes use of musical styles and forms from the preceding century. Although not as famous as Grieg's incidental music from Peer Gynt, which is itself usually performed as arranged in a pair of suites, many critics regard the works as of equal merit.

Edvard Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (/ɡriːɡ/ GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛdvaʁd ˈhɑ̀ːɡəʁʉp ˈɡʁɪgː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide. His use of Norwegian folk music in his own compositions brought the music of Norway to fame, as well as helping to develop a national identity, much as Jean Sibelius did in Finland and Bedřich Smetana in Bohemia.

Grieg is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues that depict his image and many cultural entities named after him: the city's largest concert building (Grieg Hall), its most advanced music school (Grieg Academy) and its professional choir (Edvard Grieg Kor). The Edvard Grieg Museum at Grieg's former home, Troldhaugen, is dedicated to his legacy.
1993 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1993 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 99th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1888. The draw for the preliminary and first round pairings took place on 16 February 1993. The championship ran from 27 June to 26 September 1993.

Kilmallock were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Doon in the quarter-finals.

On 26 September 1993, Patrickswell won the championship after a 0–17 to 0–07 defeat of Adare in the final. It was their 13th championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons.

Patrickswell's Gary Kirby was the championship's top scorer with 1–32.

Patrickswell GAA
Patrickswell GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Patrickswell, County Limerick, Ireland. The club is primarily concerned with the game of hurling, but has also fielded teams in Gaelic football.
Arthur Cumnock
Arthur James Cumnock (February 12, 1868 – June 8, 1930) was an American college football player. He and Amos Alonzo Stagg were selected as the ends on the first All-America team in 1889. Cumnock invented the first nose guard. He is also credited with developing the tradition of spring practice in football; in March 1889, Cumnock led the Harvard team in drills on Jarvis field, which is considered the first-ever spring football practice.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
La Bastide-l'Évêque
La Bastide-l'Évêque (French pronunciation: [la bastid levɛk]; Languedocien: La Bastida de l'Avesque) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Le Bas Ségala.

Le Bas Ségala
Le Bas Ségala (French pronunciation: [lə ba seɡala], literally The Lower Ségala; Occitan: Lo Bas Segalar) is a commune in the department of Aveyron, southern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of La Bastide-l'Évêque, Saint-Salvadou and Vabre-Tizac.
Glynis Breakwell
Dame Glynis Marie Breakwell DBE DL FRSA FAcSS (born West Bromwich, 26 July 1952) is a British social psychologist, researcher and former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Bath. In January 2014 she was listed in the Science Council's list of '100 leading UK practising scientists'. Her tenure as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Bath was marred by controversy over her remuneration, culminating in her dismissal.

Breakwell has been a Fellow of the British Psychological Society since 1987 and an Honorary Fellow since 2006. She is a chartered health psychologist and in 2002 was elected an Academician of the Academy of Social Sciences.

Breakwell was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to higher education. She is also a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Somerset.

2012 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 2012 were announced on 31 December 2011 in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, Belize, Saint Christopher and Nevis, the Solomon Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the Cook Islands, to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 2012.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by the country (in order of independence) whose ministers advised The Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc. and then divisions i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.
The New Cool (book)
The New Cool: A Visionary Teacher, His FIRST Robotics Team, and the Ultimate Battle of Smarts is a 2011 non-fiction narrative book by American writer Neal Bascomb. It follows four FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) teams through the course of the 2009 season. Its main subject, however, is Team 1717 and the exploits of its students and its head mentor Amir Abo-Shaeer; the other teams followed were teams 217, 395, and 67, from Sterling Heights, Michigan, New York City, and Milford, Michigan respectively.

Amir Abo-Shaeer
Amir Muhsin Abo-Shaeer (Arabic: امير محسن ابو شعير; born March 20, 1972) is an American teacher and mechanical engineer. In 2001, during his first year of teaching, he established the Dos Pueblos Engineering Academy (DPEA) on the Dos Pueblos High School campus. In addition to being the Director of the DPEA, he teaches physics, engineering, robotics, machining, and manufacturing. His focused outreach efforts have yielded 50% female student enrollment in the DPEA. He also ran FRC Team 1717 as part of the academy program. He was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2010. He is the first high school teacher to win the award, as well as the first FIRST mentor to win the award for work relating to FIRST robotics.
Congress of Tucumán
The Congress of Tucumán (Spanish: Congreso de Tucumán) was the representative assembly, initially meeting in San Miguel de Tucumán, that declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America (modern-day Argentina, Uruguay, part of Bolivia) on July 9, 1816, from the Spanish Empire.

Tucumán Province
Tucumán (Spanish pronunciation: [tukuˈman]) is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neighboring provinces are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.
It's Trad, Dad!
It's Trad, Dad! (U.S. title: Ring-A-Ding Rhythm) is a 1962 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester in his feature directorial debut. It stars singer and actress Helen Shapiro alongside Craig Douglas, John Leyton, the Brook Brothers, and Chubby Checker, among other rock-and-roll singers, as well as several Dixieland jazz bands. The film was one of the first produced by Amicus Productions, a company known predominantly for horror films.

Craig Douglas
Terence Perkins (born 13 August 1941) known professionally as Craig Douglas, is an English pop singer, who was popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s. His sole UK chart-topper, "Only Sixteen" (1959), outsold Sam Cooke's original version there.
Sagrestia Vecchia
The Sagrestia Vecchia di San Lorenzo, or Old Sacristy of San Lorenzo, is the older of two sacristies of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence, Italy. It is one of the most important monuments of early Italian Renaissance architecture. Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and paid for by the Medici family, who also used it for their tombs, it set the tone for the development of a new style of architecture that was built around proportion, the unity of elements, and the use of the classical orders. The space came to be called the "Old Sacristy" after a new one was begun in 1510 on the other side of S. Lorenzo's transept.

Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo di ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi (1377 – 15 April 1446), commonly known as Filippo Brunelleschi (/ˌbruːnəˈlɛski/ BROO-nə-LESK-ee; Italian: [fiˈlippo brunelˈleski]) and also nicknamed Pippo by Leon Battista Alberti, was an Italian architect, designer, goldsmith, and sculptor. He is considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture. He is recognized as the first modern engineer, planner, and sole construction supervisor. In 1421, Brunelleschi became the first person to receive a patent in the Western world. He is most famous for designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral, and for the mathematical technique of linear perspective in art which governed pictorial depictions of space until the late 19th century and influenced the rise of modern science. His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. Most surviving works can be found in Florence.
Lake Notoro
Lake Notoro (能取湖, Notoro-ko / Notori-ko), also Lake Notori or Notoro Lagoon, is a coastal lagoon by the northern shore of Abashiri, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is included in Abashiri Quasi-National Park.

It is the 13th-largest lake in Japan. It is about 2 km (1.2 mi) northwest of Lake Abashiri and 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Lake Saroma (also a coastal lagoon).

Abashiri
Abashiri (網走市, Abashiri-shi) is a city located in Okhotsk Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

Abashiri is known as the site of the Abashiri Prison, a Meiji-era facility used for the incarceration of political prisoners. The old prison has been turned into a museum, but the city's new maximum-security prison is still in use.

As of 2008, the city has an estimated population of 40,333 and a density of 85.6 persons per km2 (222 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 470.94 km2 (181.83 sq mi).
Calderone glacier
The Calderone glacier (Italian: Ghiacciaio del Calderone) is a glacier located in the Apennine Mountains in Abruzzo, Italy. Found in the Gran Sasso d'Italia mountain group, it lies just beneath the Corno Grande, the highest peak in the Apennines.

With the disappearance of the Corral de la Veleta glacier in the Sierra Nevada in 1913, "Il Calderone" became one of Europe's southernmost known glaciers (42°28′N, 13°33′E), being slightly to the north only compared to Snezhnika (latitude of 41°46′09″ N) and Banski Suhodol Glaciers in Pirin Mountain in Bulgaria. If present deglaciation trends continue, the Calderone may soon disappear as well. The discovery of a number of small glaciers in the Accursed Mountains in 2009 seemed to threaten Calderone's positions.

Banski Suhodol Glacier
The Banski Suhodol Glacier (Bulgarian: Ледника в Бански Суходол, Lednika v Banski Suhodol) is a glacieret in the Pirin Mountains of Bulgaria. It lies below the Kutelo peak (2908 m.) in the upper Banski Suhodol Valley (Bulgarian: Бански Суходол).
Institute of Creative Photography
The Institute of Creative Photography (Czech: Institut tvůrčí fotografie, ITF), also referred as Opava School of Photography, is the largest post-secondary school of photography in the Czech Republic. It is part of Silesian University in Opava.

Silesian University in Opava
The Silesian University in Opava, (Czech: Slezská univerzita v Opavě) is a university offering tertiary education. It was
established by the law (Nr. 314/199), adopted by the Czech National Council on 9 July 1991, making it one of the youngest universities in the Czech Republic.

In 1999 the Mathematical Institute in Opava was established after its separation from the Faculty of Philosophy and Science, and in 2008 several other institutes were separated from the same faculty and the Faculty of Public Policies in Opava was created.

The Silesian University in Opava has participated in the Erasmus Programme since 1999. The number of students and employees participating in the Erasmus Programme increased every year for the first 10 years.
Steinar Hansson
Steinar Hansson (31 May 1947 – 3 August 2004) was a Norwegian journalist and publisher. He was born in Asker. He worked as editor in the publishing house Pax Forlag, and edited the newspaper Ny Tid from 1979. From 1983 he worked for the publishing house J.W. Cappelens Forlag. He was cultural editor for the newspaper Arbeiderbladet, and later for Dagbladet. He was chief editor of Arbeiderbladet (renamed to  Dagsavisen in 1997) from 1995 to 2001

He was awarded The Great Journalist Prize in 1999.

Ny Tid
Ny Tid (English: Modern Times Review) is a Norwegian current affairs website. It is currently owned by Ny Tid & Orientering AS. It is headed by Truls Lie, formerly the editor-in-chief of Morgenbladet and editor-in-chief/publisher of Le Monde diplomatique in Norway.