hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Braunschweig (region)
Braunschweig (German Regierungsbezirk Braunschweig) was one of the eight former administrative regions (Regierungsbezirke) of Lower Saxony, Germany. It was located in the southeast of the state.

The region covers roughly the area of the former state of Brunswick-Lüneburg. It was founded in 1978 out of 'Verwaltungsbezirk Braunschweig'. At the end of 2004, all Regierungsbezirke of Lower Saxony were dissolved.

The other seven were Regierungsbezirk Aurich, Regierungsbezirk Hannover, Regierungsbezirk Hildesheim, Regierungsbezirk Lüneburg, Regierungsbezirk Osnabrück, Regierungsbezirk Stade and Regierungsbezirk Weser-Ems. 'Verwaltungsbezirk Oldenburg' was dissolved in June 1977 and became part of Regierungsbezirk Weser-Ems.

The region of Braunschweig was (2005/6) the most R&D-intensive area in the whole European Economic Area investing 7.1% of its GDP for research & technology.

Regierungsbezirk
A Regierungsbezirk (German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁk] ⓘ, pl. Regierungsbezirke, German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁkə], lit. 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of the sixteen Länder (states of Germany) are split into Regierungsbezirke, each in turn split into rural or urban districts.

Regierungsbezirke serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's sixteen states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen Regierungsbezirke features a non-legislative governing body called a Regierungspräsidium (governing presidium) or Bezirksregierung (district government) headed by a Regierungspräsident (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. Saxony has Direktionsbezirke (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the state parliament.
Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel
Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel  (colloquially the Infinite Hotel Paradox or Hilbert's Hotel) is a thought experiment which illustrates a counterintuitive property of infinite sets. It shows that a fully occupied hotel with infinitely many rooms may still accommodate additional guests, even infinitely many of them, and this process may be repeated infinitely often. The idea was introduced by David Hilbert in a 1924–1925 lecture "Über das Unendliche", first printed in (Hilbert 2013, p. 730), and was popularized through George Gamow's 1947 book One Two Three... Infinity.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
Lurpak
Lurpak is a Danish brand of butter owned by Arla Foods. It is sold in over 75 countries worldwide, and is known for its distinctive silver packaging. Lurpak came into existence in October 1901 after a cooperative of several Danish dairy farmers decided to create and register a common brand and mark for butter to increase sales. Its trumpetlike logo is based on the lur, an ancient brass instrument once used in Scandinavia.

Lurpak's principal market is the United Kingdom.

Lurpak butter is made from milk, but their spreadable range contains rapeseed oil.

Lur
A lur, also lure or lurr, is a long natural horn without finger holes that is played with a brass-type embouchure. Lurs can be straight or curved in various shapes. The purpose of the curves was to make long instruments easier to carry (e.g. for marching, like the modern sousaphone) and to avoid directing the loud noise at nearby people.

The name lur is used for two distinct types of ancient wind instruments. The more recent type is made of wood and was in use in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages. The older type, named after the more recent type, is made of bronze, dates to the Bronze Age and was often found in pairs, deposited in bogs, mainly in Denmark and Germany. It consists of a mouthpiece and several pieces and/or pipes.  Its length can reach between 1.5 and 2 metres. It has been found in Norway, Denmark, South Sweden, and Northern Germany. Illustrations of lurs have also been found on several rock paintings in Scandinavia.
Graziano Gasparini
Graziano Gasparini (31 July 1924 – 30 November 2019) was a Venezuelan architect, photographer, painter and historian,  sometimes referred to as Graciano Gasparini (ie using a Spanish version of his first name).

Gasparini was born in Gorizia, on the Italian–Slovenian border, in 1924. After completing his education in Venice, he worked for Carlo Scarpa in connection with the Biennale. After a break caused by the Second World War, the famous exhibition resumed in 1948, and Gasparini first visited Venezuela that year while promoting it. He settled in Caracas and pursued a career as an architect.
He specialised in restoring Spanish Colonial architecture, while developing a parallel career as an architectural historian.  The buildings he worked on include the Bolivarian Museum in Caracas, which was inaugurated in 1960.

His scholarship was recognised by the award of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1987.

He died in Caracas, aged 95.

Bolivarian Museum
The Bolivarian Museum (Spanish: Museo Bolivariano) is dedicated to Simón Bolívar, the hero of Latin American independence. It is situated  in Caracas, Venezuela. The museum is run in tandem with the birthplace of Simón Bolívar next door. The collections include items related to Bolivar and Venezuelan independence.
Henry B. Neef House
The Henry B. Neef House is located just north of the Minne Lusa neighborhood of North Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The Neef House was the first steel-frame house in the area, and was a pioneering construction style in Nebraska.

It was built in 1929 by Henry Neef.

The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 2010. The listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service's weekly list of September 24, 2010.

Minne Lusa
The Minne Lusa Residential Historic District is located in North Omaha, Nebraska. It is included on the National Register of Historic Places. According to the National Park Service, it is an "example of a substantial, affordable single-family residential development within the city limits that was platted, developed and constructed by a single firm between 1915 and 1941." The neighborhood is filled with bungalows, Craftsman, and other styles that were popular in the era.  There are 540 properties in the neighborhood that contribute to the historic district, the other 167 do not.  Minne Lusa Boulevard is a contributing structure.

The district's boundaries are Vane Street on the north and Redick Avenue on the south; North 24th Street on the east and North 30th Street on the west. It is located just north of the Miller Park neighborhood, and just south of Florence and includes all of the area originally known as the Minne Lusa Addition.
Félix Torres (baseball)
Félix Torres Sánchez (Spanish: [ˈfeliɣ̞s ˈtores ˈsantʃes]; May 1, 1932 – August 8, 2025) was a Puerto Rican professional baseball player who played three seasons for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball after spending time in the Cincinnati Redlegs and Philadelphia Phillies farm systems.

1960 Caribbean Series
The twelfth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was a baseball tournament held from February 10 through February 15, 1960 featuring the champion teams from Cuba (Cienfuegos), Panama (Marlboro), Puerto Rico (Caguas) and Venezuela (Rapiños). The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio Nacional of Panama City.

It was the final edition of the first stage of the CBWS, after MLB Commissioner Ford Frick banned American players from playing in Cuba for the 1960-61 winter season. As response, in March 1961 the Fidel Castro government would decree the abolition of professional sport in Cuba. The Series would be suspended until 1970, reconstituting without Cuba and Panama, while adding the Dominican Republic. Cuba would return to the Series in 2014.

For the seventh time, and fifth consecutive year, Cuba won the CBWS championship with an undefeated record of 6-0.
Suite PreCure
Suite PreCure (スイートプリキュア♪, Suīto PuriKyua♪; stylized as Suite PreCure♪) is a Japanese anime television series and the eighth installment in Izumi Todo's Pretty Cure metaseries. The series is produced by Toei Animation and directed by Munehisa Sakai, who directed the One Piece anime series. Character designs were done by Akira Takahashi, who previously worked on Kaidan Restaurant. The series aired on TV Asahi's ANN network between February 6, 2011, and January 29, 2012, replacing HeartCatch PreCure! in its time-slot, and was succeeded by Smile PreCure! A manga adaptation by Futago Kamikita was serialised in Kodansha's monthly Nakayoshi magazine.

The main topic of the series is music, the second to do so after HeartCatch PreCure! used it as a secondary theme, which influences the names of the Cures and the magical devices they use. Another theme is friendship, as emphasized by the relationship between Hibiki Hojo and Kanade Minamino.

Izumi Todo
Izumi Todo (東堂いづみ, Tōdō Izumi), credited with creating series like Ojamajo Doremi and Pretty Cure, is a collective pen name used by Toei Animation television producers when contributing to their various anime series. Pseudonyms used in a similar manner include Hajime Yatate from Sunrise and Saburo Yatsude for Toei Company's anime and tokusatsu television productions. The use of the pen name began with Ojamajo Doremi.

The name comes from "Tōei Dōga (the former name of Toei Animation), Ōizumi Studio" (written in Japanese as 東映動画大泉スタジオ).
Sam Spade
Sam Spade (Samuel Spade) is a fictional character and the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's 1930 novel The Maltese Falcon. Spade also appeared in four lesser-known short stories by Hammett.

The Maltese Falcon, first published as a serial in the pulp magazine Black Mask, is the only full-length novel by Hammett in which Spade appears. The character, however, is widely cited as a crystallizing figure in the development of hard-boiled private detective fiction—Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe, for instance, was strongly influenced by Spade.

Spade was a departure from Hammett's nameless and less-than-glamorous detective, the Continental Op. Spade combined several features of previous detectives, most notably his detached demeanor, keen eye for detail, and unflinching determination to achieve his own justice.

Black Mask (magazine)
Black Mask was a pulp magazine first published in April 1920 by the journalist H. L. Mencken and the drama critic George Jean Nathan. It is most well-known today for launching the hardboiled crime subgenre of mystery fiction, publishing now-classic works by Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Erle Stanley Gardner, Cornell Woolrich, Paul Cain, Carroll John Daly, and others.
Double Bay
Double Bay is a harbourside eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 4 kilometres east of the Sydney central business district. It is the administrative centre of the local government area of the Municipality of Woollahra.

Double Bay takes its name from the bay of Sydney Harbour and refers to the two geographical formations between Point Piper and Darling Point, which are interrupted by a miniature point in between. The eastern part is also known as Blackburn Cove. It has some of the most expensive real-estate in Australia and is colloquially often referred to as "Double Pay", a term coined due to the high income of people living there, and the nature of the shopping area which features high-end fashion labels.

Dally Messenger
Herbert Henry "Dally" Messenger, (12 April 1883 – 24 November 1959) was an Australian rugby league and rugby union footballer. One of Australia's first professional rugby footballers, he is recognised as one of the greatest-ever players in either code. He played for New South Wales in the first match run by the newly-created New South Wales Rugby Football League, which had just split away from the established New South Wales Rugby Football Union.

Sometimes nicknamed "The Master", Messenger had a stocky build, and while standing only about 172 centimetres (5 ft 8 in) in height, he was a powerful runner of the ball and a solid defender. According to his peers, the centre's greatest attributes were his unpredictability and astonishing physical co-ordination, coupled with an ability to kick goals from almost any part of the ground. He was a teetotaller and non-smoker during his career and other than breakfast, Messenger would rarely eat before a match.
Buzzfest
Buzzfest is the name of two unrelated music festivals held in Houston, Texas and Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The Buzzfest in Houston is a bi-annual show hosted by the radio station 94.5 The Buzz while the Buzzfest in Nashville is an annual show (usually in the late summer) hosted by the radio station 102.9 The Buzz.

Electric Touch (band)
Electric Touch was an American rock band, consisting of Shane Lawlor on lead vocals/guitar/piano, Louis Messina Jr. on drums, Christopher Leigh on lead guitar/vocals, Portland Musser on bass, and Isaac Strycker on keys/vocals.

They performed with popular acts Heart, Weezer, Evanescence, Foo Fighters, The Cars, Rival Sons, Hot Chelle Rae, The Bravery, Peelander-Z, Paramore, The Airborne Toxic Event, Bon Jovi, and Our Lady Peace, among others.
Clonygowan
Clonygowan (also Cloneygowan) (Irish: Cluain na nGamhan, meaning 'pasture of the calves') is a village in County Offaly, Ireland, on the R420 regional road between Tullamore to Portarlington road. As of the 2016 census, it had a population of 198 people. The main village centre is built around a central green.

County Offaly
County Offaly (/ˈɒfəli/; Irish: Contae Uíbh Fhailí) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of Uí Failghe. It was formerly known as King's County, in honour of Philip II of Spain. Offaly County Council is the local authority for the county. The county population was 82,668 at the 2022 census.
Tyrone Poole
Tyrone Poole (born February 3, 1972) is an American former professional football player who played 13 seasons as a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Fort Valley State Wildcats. He was selected by the Carolina Panthers 22nd overall of the 1995 NFL draft.

Poole has also played for Indianapolis Colts, Denver Broncos, New England Patriots, Oakland Raiders and Tennessee Titans. He earned Super Bowl rings with the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVIII and Super Bowl XXXIX.

In 2011, Poole released a book, "Ultimate Success in the Game of Life," that chronicles his life, going from poverty, to quitting football his senior year at LaGrange High School, to winning the Super Bowl.

Fort Valley State Wildcats
The Fort Valley State Wildcats are the athletic teams that represent Fort Valley State University, located in Fort Valley, Georgia, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Wildcats are full members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, where all 12 of its athletic programs compete. Fort Valley has been a member of the SIAC since 1941.
R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd
R v Big M Drug Mart Ltd (Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada v Big M Drug Mart Ltd) is a landmark decision by Supreme Court of Canada where the Court struck down the federal Lord's Day Act for violating section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This case had many firsts in constitutional law including being the first to interpret section two.

Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section that confirms that the rights listed in the Charter are guaranteed. The section is also known as the reasonable limits clause  or limitations clause, as it legally allows the government to limit an individual's Charter rights.  This limitation on rights has been used in the last twenty years to prevent a variety of objectionable conduct such as child pornography (e.g., in R v Sharpe), hate speech (e.g., in R v Keegstra), and obscenity (e.g., in R v Butler).

When the government has limited an individual's right, there is an onus upon the Crown to show, on the balance of probabilities, firstly, that the limitation was prescribed by law namely, that the law is attuned to the values of accessibility and intelligibility; and secondly, that it is justified in a free and democratic society, which means that it must have a justifiable purpose and must be proportional.
Laeh Glenn
Laeh Glenn (born 1979) is an American visual artist. She is based in Sebastopol, California. Her work addresses the digital life of an image; namely, how repetition and sharing influence image quality and how painting has the ability to converse with damaged images.

Sebastopol, California
Sebastopol (/sɪˈbæstəpoʊl, -puːl/ sib-AST-ə-pohl, -⁠pool) is a city in Sonoma County, California, with a recorded population of 7,521, per the 2020 U.S. census.

Sebastopol was once primarily a plum- and apple-growing region. The creation of The Barlow, a $32 million mall on a floodplain in Sebastopol, has converted old agricultural warehouses into a marketplace for dining, tasting rooms, and art, and has made Sebastopol a Wine Country destination.

Horticulturist Luther Burbank had gardens in this region. The city hosts an annual Apple Blossom Festival in April, Gravenstein Apple Fair in August, and is home to the Sebastopol Documentary Film Festival.
1957 FA Charity Shield
The 1957 FA Charity Shield was the 35th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match held between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by Manchester United, who had won the 1956–57 Football League, and Aston Villa, who had won the 1956–57 FA Cup, at Old Trafford, Manchester, on 22 October 1957. Manchester United won the match 4–0, with Tommy Taylor scoring a hat-trick and Johnny Berry adding a penalty.

Tommy Taylor
Thomas Taylor (29 January 1932 – 6 February 1958) was an English footballer, who played as a centre-forward and was known for his aerial ability. He was one of the eight Manchester United players who died in the Munich air disaster.
Ricky Ball
Ricky Ball is a musician from New Zealand. He played drums in the following bands: the Beat boys, the Courtiers, Challenge, Ticket, Jimmy Sloggett Band, Tommy Ferguson's Goodtime Band, Rainbow, Hello Sailor, Woody, the Pink Flamingos (briefly, at the beginning) and Beaver.

Woody (consisting of three-quarters of Ticket among the line up) was a resident band at Jilly's in Auckland, one of several nightclubs in New Zealand run by Maurice Greer, formerly of Human Instinct.

According to Stranded in Paradise, Ricky Ball owned a boutique when he joined the Pink Flamingos and left when they were likely to be more than a resident band at Jilly's.

Hello Sailor (band)
Hello Sailor was a New Zealand pop/rock band originally formed in 1975. Although the band formally disbanded in 1980 after just two albums, they have continued to sporadically reunite during the years since; recording a further four albums and performing numerous live tours and appearances.
The Gentle Gunman
The Gentle Gunman is a 1952 British drama film directed by Basil Dearden and starring John Mills, Dirk Bogarde and Elizabeth Sellars. It was written by Roger MacDougall based on his 1950 play of the same title that was televised by the BBC in September 1950. It was produced by Ealing Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jim Morahan.

The Gentle Gunman (play)
The Gentle Gunman is a 1950 thriller play by the British writer Roger MacDougall. A former IRA gunman attempts to renounce his violent past, as he is now convinced a non-violent approach is best.

It premiered at the Cambridge Arts Theatre before transferring to the Arts Theatre in London's West End where it ran for 31 performances between 2 and 27 August 1950. The original London cast included Henry Hewitt, Robin Bailey, Victor Maddern, Larry Burns, Michael Golden, Harry Towb, Eddie Byrne, Kevin Stoney, Louise Hampton and Maureen Pryor.  The production was televised by the BBC in September 1950.
Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum
The Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum is located at 215 S. Tejon Street in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The granite building with a domed clock tower was the El Paso County Courthouse building from 1903 to 1973. The museum, which moved to this location in 1979, has fine arts, artifacts and archival collections that document the Pikes Peak region. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places, and was the 2nd property to be listed in El Paso County, after Pikes Peak.

Located within Alamo Square Park the museum is also home to the Starsmore Center for Local History, a manuscript collection and research facility.

Alamo Square Park, Colorado Springs
Alamo Square Park, located at 215 South Tejon Street, is the site of the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum, which has fine art and historical exhibits and a museum store.  A fountain, sculptures and gazebo are located in the park.

It was previously the El Paso County Courthouse from 1903 to 1973. The square was previously known as South Park.
Deceit (2021 miniseries)
Deceit is a British four-part television drama, based on the true story of a controversial undercover operation carried out by the Metropolitan Police in 1992. Niamh Algar stars as the undercover police officer, codenamed "Lizzie James", who attempts to entrap a suspect in a murder investigation. It premiered on Channel 4 on 13 August 2021, and all subsequent episodes were made available for streaming on All 4 that same day. The series, written by Emilia di Girolamo and produced by Story Films, received critical acclaim.

Emilia di Girolamo
Emilia di Girolamo is a British television screenwriter, and author. Di Girolamo has also written articles and blog posts for The Guardian newspaper. Her daughter Raffiella by actor Dom Chapman is an actress.
Manvel Grigoryan
Lieutenant General Manvel Sektori Grigoryan (Armenian: Մանվել Սեկտորի Գրիգորյան; 14 July 1956 – 19 November 2020) was an Armenian military leader and a member of the National Assembly of Armenia.

At one point he was one of the highest-ranking officials in the Armenian Army, serving as Deputy Minister of Defense from 2000 to 2008. He served as the president of the Yerkrapah Volunteer Union from 1999 to 2018.

Yerkrapah
Yerkrapah Volunteer Union (Armenian: «Երկրապահ» կամավորական միություն, ԵԿՄ «Yerkrapah» kamavorakan miut'yun, YeKM) or Yerkrapah Union of Veterans, meaning Defenders of the Land, is an Armenian non-governmental group that consisted of 6,000 veterans of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, formed by Vazgen Sargsyan. The Yerkrapah is a large and influential veteran group. The Yerkrapah Union was actively involved in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, although after the death of Sargsyan, Yerkrapah's influence in Armenian politics began to decline. Yerkrapah had incorporated between 5,000 and 30,000 veterans. According to Thomas de Waal, after 1994 "the veterans' group Yerkrapah became the most powerful organization in the country."