hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judicial reform
Judicial reform is the complete or partial political reform of a country's judiciary. Judicial reform can be connected to a law reform, constitutional amendment, prison reform, police reform or part of wider reform of the country's political system.

Stated reasons for judicial reform include increasing of the independence of the judiciary, constitutionalism and separation of powers, increased speed of justice, increased fairness of justice, improved impartiality, and improving electoral accountability, political legitimacy and parliamentary sovereignty.

Areas of the judicial reform often include: codification of law instead of common law, changing between an inquisitorial system and an adversarial system, changes to court administration such as judicial councils or changes to appointment procedure, establishing mandatory retirement age for judges or increasing the independence of prosecutors from the executive.

Speedy trial
In criminal law, the right to a speedy trial is a human right under which it is asserted that a government prosecutor may not delay the trial of a criminal suspect arbitrarily and indefinitely. Otherwise, the power to impose such delays would effectively allow prosecutors to send anyone to jail for an arbitrary length of time without trial, expressed as the maxim "Justice delayed is justice denied."

Although it is important for the protection of speedy trial rights for there to be a court in which a defendant may complain about the unreasonable delay of the trial, it is also important that nations implement structures that avoid the delay.

Jurimetrics allows to estimate the current judicial efficiency. Speedy justice tends to correlate with quality and fairness of justice.
2016 New York City Marathon
The 2016 New York City Marathon was the 46th running of the annual marathon race in New York City, New York, which took place on November 6. The elite men's race was won by Eritrea's Ghirmay Ghebreslassie in a time of 2:07:51 hours while Kenya's Mary Jepkosgei Keitany won the women's race in 2:24:26 for a third consecutive victory.

In the wheelchair races, Switzerland's Marcel Hug (1:35:49) and American Tatyana McFadden (1:47:43) won the men's and women's races, respectively. The handcycle races were won by Australia's Michael Taylor (1:23:06) and New Zealand's Tiffiney Perry (2:03:58).

A total of 48,468 runners finished the race, comprising 29,830 men and 18,638 women.

Mary Jepkosgei Keitany
Mary Jepkosgei Keitany (born 18 January 1982) is a Kenyan former professional long distance runner. She was the world record holder in a women-only marathon, having won the 2017 London Marathon in a time of 2:17:01. As of November 2022, she placed fifth on the world all-time list at the marathon and eleventh on the respective world all-time list for the half marathon.

Her former half marathon best of 1:05:50 (2011) remained the women's world record for three years . She also has held world bests at 10 miles (50:05 minutes), 20 kilometres (1:02:36), and 25 kilometres (1:19:53), all of which were set in road races. In August 2018, she was honored by the Shoe4Africa foundation who funded and built the Mary Keitany Shoe4Africa school in Torokwonin, Baringo County, Kenya.  She and her husband Charles sit on the Shoe4Africa school board.
Pagani Automobili
Pagani Automobili S.p.A. (commonly known as Pagani) is an Italian manufacturer specializing in high-performance sports cars and advanced carbon fiber components. Founded in 1992 by Argentine-Italian engineer and entrepreneur Horacio Pagani, the company is headquartered in San Cesario sul Panaro, near Modena, Italy.

The brand gained global recognition with its debut model, the Pagani Zonda, followed by the critically acclaimed Huayra, and the latest Utopia. Pagani's cars often feature a V12 engine developed in collaboration with Mercedes-AMG.

San Cesario sul Panaro
San Cesario sul Panaro (Modenese: San Gèr; Western Bolognese: San Cesèri) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 12 km (7 mi) southeast of Modena. Sports car manufacturer Pagani is located here. The town has a Romanesque-style church dedicated to Saint Caesarius of Terracina. It is also home of Danit.

The battle of San Cesario took place in the area in August 1229.
DVV Coburg
The DVV Coburg (full name: Deutsche Jugend Kraft Viktoria Verein für Bewegungsspiele Coburg e.V.) was a German association football club from the town of Coburg, Bavaria. Coburg became part of Bavaria in 1920, after the First World War.

The club was formed in 2000, when VfB Coburg merged with local side DJK/Viktoria Coburg. Of the three clubs, VfB was by far the most notable, spending 21 seasons in the tier three Fußball-Bayernliga from 1952 to 1984. The club also made a single appearance in the DFB-Pokal (German Cup) in 1977–78, losing 3–0 at fellow amateurs TuS Langerwehe.

DVV was disbanded on 30 June 2012, having declared insolvency in June 2011 owing Euro 118,000 to the German tax department. The club was succeeded by FC Coburg, which took over the league place of DVV.

TuS Langerwehe
TuS Langerwehe is a German association football club from the town of Langerwehe, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club's greatest success has been promotion to the tier three Oberliga Nordrhein on five occasions, to be relegated again after short stints in the league.

The club has also qualified for the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, on seven occasions, reaching the round of sixteen twice.
Virginia Raggi
Virginia Elena Raggi (Italian pronunciation: [virˈdʒiːnja ˈraddʒi]; born 18 July 1978) is an Italian lawyer and politician who served as Mayor of Rome from 2016 to 2021. A member of the anti-establishment Five Star Movement (M5S), Raggi was first elected to the Rome city council in 2013. Raggi led her party to victory in the 2016 municipal election, becoming the first woman and first M5S member elected mayor of Rome. Following the M5S' defeat in the 2021 Rome municipal election, Raggi left office as mayor.

2021 Rome municipal election
Municipal elections took place in Rome on 3–4 October 2021 and 17–18 October 2021. Open for election were the office of Mayor of Rome and all the 48 seats of the City Council, as well as the presidents and councils of each of the fifteen municipi in which the city is divided.

Local elections in Italy are usually scheduled between 15 April and 15 June, however on 4 March 2021 the Italian government decided to postpone them to the autumn following a new spike of cases in the coronavirus pandemic.

Roberto Gualtieri, member of the Democratic Party (PD) and former minister, was elected mayor, winning in the runoff against centre-right independent Enrico Michetti with just over 60% of the vote. The incumbent mayor Virginia Raggi was defeated after failing to qualify for the runoff.
Senpukuji Station
Senpukuji Station (泉福寺駅, Senpukuji-eki; せんぷくじえき) is a train station located in Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is on the Nishi-Kyūshū Line which has been operated by the third-sector Matsuura Railway since 1988.

Sasebo
Sasebo (佐世保市, Sasebo-shi) is a core city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is the second-largest city in Nagasaki Prefecture, after its capital, Nagasaki. As of 1 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 230,873 in 102,670 households, and a  population density of 540 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 426.01 km2 (164.48 sq mi).
Esteban Salas y Castro
Esteban Salas y Castro (December 25, 1725 – July 14, 1803) was a Cuban composer of religious music. His compositions focused chiefly on vocal music, and are a fine representation of the late Baroque style. Although heavily influenced by French and Italian works of the period, his music is considered to incorporate an original Latin American component.

He became a teacher and head of music at the Chapel of Music at the cathedral of Santiago de Cuba from 1764. He also studied theology and canon law and was ordained a priest in Santiago de Cuba in 1790. Salas composed his last carol for Christmas 1801.

Interest in his works was revived during the twentieth century following the rediscovery of many of his scores during the 1940s by the Cuban novelist and musicologist, Alejo Carpentier.  Not much is known about his personal life but he was generally described as a man of mixed Spanish and African heritage.

The music conservatory in Santiago de Cuba is named in his honor.

Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkuβa]) is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some 870 km (540 mi) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.

The municipality extends over 1,023.8 km2 (395.3 sq mi), and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Daiquirí, El Caney, El Cobre, El Cristo, Guilera, Leyte Vidal, Moncada and Siboney.

Historically Santiago de Cuba has been the second-most important city on the island after Havana, and remains the second-largest. It lies on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In 2022, the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 507,167 people.
UWF International
Union of Wrestling Forces International, better known as UWF International, U-Inter, or simply UWFi, was a shoot style professional wrestling promotion in Japan from 1991 to 1996. The UWF international was the successor to the Newborn UWF that ran from 1988 to 1990, which itself was the successor to the original Universal Wrestling Federation.

Although the matches were predetermined, the UWF-i was very convincing for its time, promoting a combat-based style featuring a mix of wrestling, submission grappling and kickboxing. The promotion also held kickboxing contests and, in rare instances, special shoot matches. In retrospect, UWFi, along with other shoot-style promotions, served as a precursor to mixed martial arts and to popular Japanese MMA promotions, particularly Pride FC. The promotion was also known for hiring dangerous shooters Lou Thesz, Billy Robinson and Danny Hodge as trainers and promoters of their product in order to establish legitimate credibility.

Yoji Anjo
Yoji Anjo (Japanese: 安生 洋二, Anjō Yōji) (born March 28, 1967) is a retired Japanese professional wrestler, mixed martial artist and kickboxer. Anjo is considered to be one of the pioneers of the shoot style movement during the 1980s and early 90s.
Daryl Roth
Daryl Roth (born December 21, 1944) is an American theatre producer who has produced over 90 productions on and off Broadway. Most often serving as a co-producer or investor, Roth has also been a lead producer of Broadway shows such as Kinky Boots, Indecent, Sylvia, It Shoulda Been You, and The Normal Heart.

Roth frequently cites that she holds "the singular distinction of producing seven Pulitzer Prize-winning plays." She was a lead producer of Nilo Cruz's Anna in the Tropics, Margaret Edson's Wit, Paula Vogel's How I Learned to Drive, and Edward Albee's Three Tall Women. Roth was co-producer of Bruce Norris' Clybourne Park, Tracy Letts' August: Osage County, and David Auburn's Proof.

Indecent (play)
Indecent is a 2015 American play by Paula Vogel. It recounts the controversy surrounding the play God of Vengeance by Sholem Asch, which was produced on Broadway in 1923, and for which the producer and cast were arrested and convicted on the grounds of obscenity.

Indecent was first produced in 2015. It had an Off-Broadway run in 2016, followed by a Broadway run in 2017 at the Cort Theatre. The play was nominated for three Tony Awards and won Best Direction of a Play for Rebecca Taichman and Lighting Design in a Play for Christopher Akerlind.
Love Story 2050
Love Story 2050 is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language science fiction-fantasy romance film directed by Harry Baweja and produced by Pammi Baweja. The film stars Harman Baweja, and Priyanka Chopra. It is the first Bollywood film on utopian time travel.

The film premiered was on 2 July 2008 in London, and was released in India 4 July 2008. It was a commercial failure at the box-office.

Kaurna
The Kaurna people (English: /ˈɡɑːrnə/, Kaurna: [ɡ̊auɳa]; also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaurna culture and language were almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the British colonisation of South Australia in 1836. However, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. The phrase Kaurna meyunna means "Kaurna people".
Edmonton Oil Kings
The Edmonton Oil Kings are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Edmonton, Alberta, that play in the Western Hockey League (WHL). The team, founded in 2006, shares an ownership group with the National Hockey League's Edmonton Oilers. The team is the fourth WHL team based in Edmonton, and its identity connects to the original Oil Kings club, which was one of the league's founding franchises in 1966. The Oil Kings are three-time WHL champions and won the 2014 Memorial Cup.

Henrik Samuelsson
Henrik Samuelsson (born February 7, 1994) is a Swedish-American former professional ice hockey player. Samuelsson most notably played with Modo Hockey in the Swedish Hockey League and the Arizona Coyotes in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Tom Moylan
Thomas Patrick Moylan (born 26 December 1943) is an American-Irish academic, literary and cultural critic, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Language, Literature, Communication and Culture at the University of Limerick. Moylan's academic interests are in utopian studies and critical theory, science fiction studies, cultural studies, American studies, and Irish studies.

Science fiction studies
Science fiction studies is the common name for the academic discipline that studies and researches the history, culture, and works of science fiction and, more broadly, speculative fiction.

The modern field of science fiction studies is closely related to popular culture studies, a subdiscipline of cultural studies, and film and literature studies.  Because of the ties with futurism and utopian works, there is often overlap with these fields as well.  The field also has spawned subfields, such as feminist science fiction studies.
Running Away
"Running Away" is a single recorded by the American rock band Hoobastank. It was the second single released from their self-titled debut album on April 1, 2002. The song peaked at number two on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.

Hoobastank
Hoobastank (sometimes stylized as h∞bastank, and originally known as Hoobustank) is an American rock band formed in 1994 in Agoura Hills, California, by vocalist Doug Robb, guitarist Dan Estrin, drummer Chris Hesse, and original bassist Markku Lappalainen. They were signed to Island Records from 2001 to 2012 and have released six albums and one EP to date. Their most recent album, Push Pull, came out in May 2018. They have sold ten million albums worldwide.
Tome District, Miyagi
List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Rikuzen Province > Tome District

Japan > Tōhoku region > Miyagi Prefecture > Tome District

Tome District (登米郡, Tome-gun) was a district located in northeastern Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. It was dissolved in 2005 when forming the city of Tome.

As of 2000, the district estimated population of 89,389 and a density is 191 persons per km2. The total area was 467.98 km2.

Rikuzen Province
Rikuzen Province (陸前国, Rikuzen no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [ɾi.kɯꜜ.(d)zeɴ, -(d)zen no kɯ.ɲi]) is an old province of Japan in the area of Miyagi Prefecture (excluding Igu, Katta and Watari Districts) and parts of Iwate Prefecture (specifically Kesen District). It was sometimes called Rikushū (陸州), with Rikuchū and Mutsu Provinces.
Yokohama University of Art and Design
Yokohama University of Art and Design (横浜美術大学, Yokohama bijutsu daigaku) is a private university in Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. In 2009, the university was reorganized from a two-year college to a four-year university.
Originally established in 1966 as a women's junior college.

Aoba-ku, Yokohama
Aoba-ku (青葉区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 302,643 and a density of 8,610 persons per km2. The total area was 35.14 km2.
2025 Tipperary Senior Football Championship
The 2025 Tipperary Senior Football Championship is the 133rd staging of the Tipperary Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.

The defending champions were Loughmore–Castleiney. They were defeated at the semi-final stage by Kilsheelan–Kilcash. Clonmel Commercials defeated Kilsheelan–Kilcash in the final to win the championship for a record 22nd time.

Clonmel Commercials
Clonmel Commercials GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association Gaelic football club located in the town of Clonmel in County Tipperary, Ireland.

The club is part of the South Division of Tipperary GAA. They have been Tipperary Senior Football champions on twenty two occasions, and Munster club champions once since their formation in 1934.
Poincaré group
The Poincaré group, named after Henri Poincaré (1905), was first defined by Hermann Minkowski (1908) as the isometry group of Minkowski spacetime.  It is a ten-dimensional non-abelian Lie group that is of importance as a model in our understanding of the most basic fundamentals of physics.

Translation (geometry)
In Euclidean geometry, a translation is a geometric transformation that moves every point of a figure, shape or space by the same distance in a given direction. A translation can also be interpreted as the addition of a constant vector to every point, or as shifting the origin of the coordinate system. In a Euclidean space, any translation is an isometry.
Strzelce Małe, Łódź Voivodeship
Strzelce Małe [ˈstʂɛlt͡sɛ ˈmawɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Masłowice, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 25 km (16 mi) east of Radomsko and 80 km (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Masłowice
Gmina Masłowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Masłowice, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) east of Radomsko and 79 km (49 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 116.2 square kilometres (44.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,369.
Christofle
Christofle is a luxury French silverware and tableware company founded in Paris in 1830 by Charles Christofle.

The company is known for having introduced electrolytic gilding and silver plating in France in 1842. The company was acquired in 2012 by one of its shareholders, the Chalhoub family's luxury group.

Chalhoub Group
Chalhoub Group (Arabic: مجموعة شلهوب) is a privately held luxury goods retailer and distributor, headquartered in Dubai, UAE.

The Chalhoub Group is the largest retail operator in the Middle East and a member of the International Association of Department Stores since 2023. The company has more than 14,000 employees in 14 countries.
Two Johns, Maryland
Two Johns, is an unincorporated community on Maryland's Eastern Shore in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. It is situated on Maryland Route 16. The name derives from an early resident who was a vaudeville actor, John Stewart Crossy. He toured with John Hart and a series of other girthy men as the "Two Johns" or the "Fat Men's Club" during the height of his popularity. The village appears on the 1897 Map of Caroline County.

Maryland Route 16
Maryland Route 16 (MD 16) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  The state highway runs 51.06 miles (82.17 km) from Taylors Island east to the Delaware state line in Hickman, where the highway continues as Delaware Route 16 (DE 16).  MD 16 connects Cambridge with several communities in northern Dorchester County and southwestern Caroline County, including East New Market and Preston.  The state highway runs concurrently with U.S. Route 50 (US 50) near Cambridge, MD 331 between East New Market and Preston, and both MD 404 and MD 313 near Andersontown.  MD 16 was constructed between Church Creek and Preston as one of the original state roads in the early and mid-1910s.  The highway was extended in both directions in the late 1910s: north to what was to be designated MD 313 near Denton and west to Taylors Island.  MD 16 was extended through Andersontown to the Delaware state line in the early 1930s.  MD 16's bypass of Cambridge was constructed in the mid-1960s.
PSD–PNL Alliance
The Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Liberal Party (PNL) are two of the major political parties in Romania. They have formed multiple alliances with each other in modern Romanian history:

The Social Liberal Union (USL), 2011–2014

The National Coalition for Romania (CNR), 2021–2025

The Romania Forward Electoral Alliance (A.RO), 2025

Social Liberal Union
The Social Liberal Union (Romanian: Uniunea Social Liberală, USL) was a grand coalition of several political parties which was active in Romania during the early to mid 2010s. The alliance contained two major political parties, one major centre-left and one centre-right, more specifically the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Liberal Party (PNL), respectively.
Platinum Highway
The Platinum Highway is part of the N4 route, and a major South African highway built under concessions with a private contractor. In 2001, the project was voted Infrastructure Deal of the Year by Project Finance International Magazine. It took eight years to complete. The highway is part of the Trans-Kalahari Corridor, which links Pretoria with Namibia via Botswana. The contract had tougher concession terms than were seen in previous contracts.

The Platinum Highway is the section of the N4 from the Skilpadshek Border with Botswana, through Zeerust, Swartruggens, Rustenburg and Brits, to the interchange with the N1 in Pretoria (Tshwane). The concessionaire responsible for this road is Bakwena and the entire route is a toll road. There are 4 tollgates on the route (one west of Swartruggens; one east of Rustenburg; one east of Brits; one at the N1 interchange).

Rustenburg
Rustenburg (/ˈrʌstənbɜːrɡ/; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈrœstənbœrχ], Afrikaans and Dutch: City of Rest) is a city at the foot of the Magaliesberg mountain range. Rustenburg is the most populous city in North West province, South Africa (549,575 in 2011 and 626,522 in the 2016 census). In 2017, the city's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached ZAR 63.8 billion, accounting for 21.1% of the GDP of the North West Province, and 1.28% of the GDP of South Africa.  Rustenburg was one of the official host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, being in close proximity to Phokeng, the capital of the Royal Bafokeng Nation, where the Royal Bafokeng Stadium is located. The England national football team also used this as their base camp for the tournament.