hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ardeatine massacre
The Ardeatine massacre, or Fosse Ardeatine massacre (Italian: Eccidio delle Fosse Ardeatine), was a mass killing of 335 civilians and political prisoners carried out in Rome on 24 March 1944 by German occupation troops during the Second World War as a reprisal for the Via Rasella attack in central Rome against the SS Police Regiment Bozen the previous day.

Subsequently, the Ardeatine Caves site (Fosse Ardeatine) was declared a Memorial Cemetery and National Monument open daily to visitors. Every year, on the anniversary of the slaughter and in the presence of the senior officials of the Italian Republic, a solemn state commemoration is held at the monument in honour of the fallen. Each year, 335 names are called out, a simple roll call of the dead, to reinforce that 335 discrete individuals symbolise a collective entity.

Museum of the Liberation of Rome
The Museum of the Liberation of Rome (Italian: Museo storico della Liberazione - Roma) is located in an apartment building at Via Tasso 145, Rome, close to the basilica of St. John Lateran. It records the period of German occupation of Rome (September 1943 – June 1944) in the Second World War  and its subsequent liberation. The building housing the museum was used by the SS to torture members of the Italian Resistance in the first half of 1944.
Rodolfo Nin Novoa
Rodolfo Nin Novoa (born 25 January 1948) is a Uruguayan politician who served as the 14th vice president of Uruguay from 2005 to 2010. He also served as Minister of Foreign Relations of Uruguay from 2015 to 2020 under Tabaré Vázquez. A member of the Broad Front, he is the leader of the Progressive Alliance faction.

Cerro Largo Department
Cerro Largo Department (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsero ˈlaɾɣo]) is a department of Uruguay. Its capital is Melo. It is located in the east of the country, bordering Brazil to its northeast with Yaguaron River as the natural border, Treinta y Tres Department to its south, Durazno Department to its west and the departments of Tacuarembó and Rivera to its northwest with Negro River as its natural border with them.
Streptocarpus teitensis
Streptocarpus teitensis, synonym Saintpaulia teitensis, is a species of Streptocarpus in the section Saintpaulia. It is endemic to 1 square kilometer on Mbololo Hill in the Taita Hills of southern Kenya. The total population is estimated at less than 2,500 individual plants in the wild.

Taita Hills
The Taita Hills, sometimes also spelled as Teita Hills, are a mountain range located in the Taita-Taveta County in south-eastern Kenya. The hills consist of three massifs: Dawida, Sagalla in the southern side of Voi township and Kasigau in the south near the border of Tanzania. The Dawida massif is the largest and tallest of the three, with an altitude of 2,228 metres (7,310 ft) above sea level at its highest peak, Vuria. Dawida has three other main peaks: Iyale, Wesu, and Susu.
Viscofan
Viscofan is a Spanish company that manufactures casings for meat products, with operations in multiple countries. It produces four types of artificial casings: cellulose, collagen, fibrous, and plastic. The company has been listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange General Index since December 1986 and was previously part of the IBEX 35 index.

Madrid Stock Exchange General Index
The Madrid Stock Exchange General Index (IGBM) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index that measures the performance of a selected number of continuous market stocks. It is the principal index for the Bolsa de Madrid (Madrid Stock Exchange) and represents the construction, financial services, communications, consumer, capital/intermediate goods, energy and market service sectors. The index is calculated by BME. The index was developed with a base value of 100 as of December 31, 1985.
Scleritis
Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera. The disease is often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or rheumatoid arthritis. There are three types of scleritis: diffuse scleritis (the most common), nodular scleritis, and necrotizing scleritis (the most severe). Scleritis may be the first symptom of onset of connective tissue disease.

Episcleritis is inflammation of the episclera, a less serious condition that seldom develops into scleritis.

Sclera
The sclera, also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber.

In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. People with dark skin can have naturally darkened sclerae, the result of melanin pigmentation.

In humans, and some other vertebrates, the whole sclera is white or pale, contrasting with the coloured iris.
Promises to Keep (film)
Promises to Keep is a 1988 documentary film produced by Ginny Durrin. Its subject is the advocate Mitch Snyder and the Community for Creative Non-Violence. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

Mitch Snyder
Mitch Snyder (August 14, 1943 – July 3, 1990) was an American advocate for the homeless. He was the subject of a made-for-television 1986 biopic, Samaritan: The Mitch Snyder Story, starring Martin Sheen.
Léopold Reichling
Léopold Nicolas Reichling (March 11, 1921 in Luxembourg City – May 2, 2009) was a Luxembourgish biologist and naturalist.

He is especially known for his publications in the fields of botany, zoology and nature conservation. He assembled three major scientific collections: an herbarium, a collection of heteroptera and a collection of human artefacts of the Stone Age.

The following are some taxa that were named after Léopold Reichling:

Asplenium ×reichlingii Lawalrée, 1951; a monstrous form of the fern Asplenium trichomanes;
Taraxacum reichlingii Soest, 1971; a plant;
Lichenoconium reichlingii Diederich, 1986; a fungus;
Reichlingia leopoldii Diederich & Scheid., 1996; a lichen.

Reichlingia leopoldii
Reichlingia leopoldii is a species of lichen-forming fungus (a lichenised hyphomycete) in the family Arthoniaceae. It forms greyish-green patches up to several centimetres across on hard siliceous rocks such as basalt, often in sheltered overhangs and crevices. The fungus reproduces asexually through distinctive chocolate-brown, branched spores that develop on the thallus surface, and no sexual reproductive structures are known. In continental Europe the species is rare and scattered, occurring mainly on the bark of veteran oaks in long-established woodlands from the Netherlands and Belgium eastward to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In Britain it is known only from a few rock localities in eastern Scotland, while elsewhere it has been recorded from primeval beech forests in the Carpathians.
Chooz Nuclear Power Plant
The Chooz Nuclear Power Station (French: Centrale nucléaire de Chooz) lies in the municipality of Chooz in the Ardennes department, France, on the Meuse River in a panhandle protruding into Belgium, between the French city of Charleville-Mézières and the Belgian municipality of Dinant, near the comune of Givet.

Three nuclear reactors have been built on the site, Chooz A, Chooz B1 and Chooz B2. Chooz A was permanently shutdown in 1991 and has been undergoing the decommissioning process since 2007.

As of 2022, the plant employed around 1200 operators.

The Chooz reactors were a source of neutrinos for the Chooz neutrino oscillation experiment; a new experiment, Double Chooz, was also operating nearby.

Ardennes (department)
Ardennes (French: [aʁdɛn] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the broader Ardennes. Its prefecture is the town Charleville-Mézières. The department has 270,582 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the department are known as Ardennais or Ardennaises.
Pinacotheca, Melbourne
Pinacotheca was a gallery in Melbourne, Australia.  Established in 1967 by Bruce Pollard, it was ideologically committed to the avant-garde and represented a new generation of artists interested in post-object, conceptual and other non-traditional art forms.

Trefor Prest
Trefor Prest (26 June 1945, Cardiff, UK) is a Welsh-born Australian sculptor living in Victoria since 1961. He produces highly-finished intricate and puzzling, often humorous, quasi-mechanical or machine-age constructions that are the subject of solo shows in major public and commercial galleries and feature in national and international group exhibitions, including the Mildura Sculpture Triennials.
Go Back for Murder
Go Back for Murder is a 1960 mystery play by the British writer Agatha Christie. It is an adaptation of her 1942 novel Five Little Pigs, with the principal character of the book Hercule Poirot removed from the story. Much of the detective work is taken over by Carla Crale, daughter of the murder victim, with the assistance of Justin Fogg a lawyer.

It premiered at the King's Theatre in Edinburgh. It then transferred to the Duchess Theatre in London's West End where it ran for 37 performances. It received a poor reception from critics. The London cast included Robert Urquhart, Lisa Daniely, Ann Firbank, Margot Boyd, Mark Eden, Dorothy Bromiley and Nigel Green. It was directed by Hubert Gregg.

Robert Urquhart (actor)
Robert Urquhart (16 October 1922 – 21 March 1995) was a Scottish character actor who worked on the stage, for British television, and in film. His breakthrough role was Paul Krempe in The Curse of Frankenstein in 1957, along with Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee.
Jerzens
Jerzens is a municipality and a village in the district of Imst (district) and is located 8 km south of Imst at the Pitze River in the valley with the same name. Settlement of the area began around 600. The village was mentioned in a register in 1313 for the first time. Jerzens has 1008 inhabitants and its main source of income is agriculture and tourism.

Imst District
The Bezirk Imst is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It borders the district Reutte in the north, as well as sharing a small border with Bavaria (Germany). It borders the district Innsbruck-Land in the east, South Tyrol (Italy) in the south, and the district Landeck in the west.

Area of the district is 1,724.65 square kilometres (665.89 sq mi), which makes it by area rank 4 of the districts of Tyrol, with a population of 57,734 (as of January 1, 2012) (Number 6 in Tyrol), and a population density of 33 persons per km2. The administrative center of the district is Imst.
Susumu Fujita
Susumu Fujita (藤田 進, Fujita Susumu, 8 January 1912 – 23 March 1991) was a Japanese film and television actor. He played the lead role in Akira Kurosawa's  first feature, Sanshiro Sugata, and appeared in other Kurosawa films including  The Men Who Tread On the Tiger's Tail (as Togashi, commander of the border guards) and The Hidden Fortress (as General Tadokoro). Later, he was a supporting actor in Ishirō Honda's Mothra vs. Godzilla, among many other films.

Before and during World War II Fujita was considered one of the great stars of Japanese cinema. In the post-war period he became known for supporting roles, often playing a soldier in war films, such as in Masaki Kobayashi's The Human Condition (film series). During the 1960s and 1970s he played minor roles in "special effects pictures" such as Ultraman and Frankenstein vs. Baragon.

The Human Condition (film series)
The Human Condition (人間の條件, Ningen no jōken) is a trilogy of Japanese epic war drama films co-written and directed by Masaki Kobayashi, based on the novel of the same name by Junpei Gomikawa. The films are subtitled No Greater Love (1959), Road to Eternity (1959), and A Soldier's Prayer (1961).

The trilogy follows the life of Kaji, a Japanese pacifist and socialist, as he tries to survive in the totalitarian and oppressive world of World War II-era Japan.
Stogovo
Stogovo (Macedonian: Стоговоⓘ; Albanian: Stogovë) is a mountain in the western part of North Macedonia. It has impressive peaks: Golem Rid (2278 m), Babin Srt (2242 m), Kanesh and many more higher than 2000 meters above the sea level.

Mountain Stogovo can be easily reached by bus that goes from the capital of North Macedonia – Skopje to the town of Debar, at the place called "Boshkov most" (bridge).  The nature is almost totally preserved on the range, because this mountain is far away from the large populated areas in the country and it is not frequently visited by mountain climbers.

41°29′00″N 20°39′00″E﻿ / ﻿41.4833°N 20.65°E﻿ / 41.4833; 20.65

Debar
Debar (Macedonian: Дебaр [ˈdɛbar] ⓘ; Albanian: Dibër, Albanian definite form: Dibra or Dibra e Madhe) is a city in the western part of North Macedonia, near the border with Albania, off the road from Struga to Gostivar. It is the seat of Debar Municipality. Debar has an ethnic Albanian majority and is North Macedonia's only city where ethnic Macedonians do not rank first or second demographically. The official languages are Macedonian and Albanian.
2010 Rally Argentina
The 2010 Rally Argentina was the 30th running of Rally Argentina and the third round of the 2010 Intercontinental Rally Challenge season. The rally consisted of 15 special stages and took place over 19–21 March 2010. The rally was also a round of the South American Rally Championship and the Argentine Rally Championship.

Juho Hänninen
Juho Ville Matias Hänninen (born 25 July 1981) is a Finnish rally driver. He is the 2010 Intercontinental Rally Challenge (IRC) champion and 2011 Super 2000 World Rally Championship (S-WRC) champion with co-driver Mikko Markkula driving a works entered Fabia S2000 for Red Bull Škoda. He also won the 2004 Group N Finnish Rally Championship title, and debuted in the World Rally Championship during the 2006 season.
Eleanor Roosevelt High School (Maryland)
Eleanor Roosevelt High School (ERHS) is a Maryland public magnet high school specializing in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The school was established in 1976 at its current location in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States and is part of the Prince George's County Public Schools system. It was the first high school named for former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt.

It serves all of the City of Greenbelt and a section of the Seabrook census-designated place. It also serves a section of the former Goddard CDP.

Roosevelt has received numerous awards, including being twice awarded National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence; a New American High School; a National School of Character; and receiving the Siemens Awards for Advanced Placement. Roosevelt was named #382 on America's Top 1,500 Public High Schools list for 2009, by Newsweek Magazine and was also recognized as a Silver Medal School by U.S. News & World Report, in 2008.

Prince George's County Public Schools
Prince George's County Public Schools (PGCPS) is a public school district that serves Prince George's County, Maryland. During the 2024–25 academic year, the district enrolled around 133,000 students and operated over 200 schools. PGCPS is the second-largest school district in Maryland, the third-largest district in the Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area, the 18th-largest in the United States, and the nation's largest school district with a majority-black student population.

Headquartered in Upper Marlboro, PGCPS is the county's sole school district. The Prince George's County Board of Education comprises 14 members who oversee the Superintendent.

On June 13, 2025, Dr. Shawn Joseph was named as interim Superintendent for the district.
Bromine(III) fluorosulfonate
Bromine(III) fluorosulfonate is an inorganic compound of bromine, sulfur, fluorine, and oxygen with the chemical formula Br(SO3F)3. This is a trivalent compound of bromine from the group of fluorosulfonates.

Fluorosulfonate
Fluorosulfonate, in organic chemistry, is a functional group that has the chemical formula F-SO2-R, and typically is a very good leaving group. In organic chemistry, fluorosulfonate is different than fluorosulfate. In fluorosulfonates, sulfur atom is directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom such as carbon. In inorganic chemistry, fluorosulfonate is another term for fluorosulfate, the anion F-SO2-O−, the conjugate base of fluorosulfonic acid. They form a series of salts with metal and organic cations called fluorosulfates.

Organic (alkyl) fluorosulfonates are usually strong alkylation agents, similar to triflate esters (F3C-SO2-OR). But unlike the triflate group, the fluorosulfonate group is not stable against hydrolysis. Therefore, fluorosulfonate esters are less frequently used as alkylation agents than triflate esters.

General chemical structure of a fluorosulfate ester. In Fluorosulfonates,  sulfur atom is directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom such as carbon.
Valentine S. Keppel
Valentine S. "V.S." "Val" Keppel (February 21, 1865 – September 7, 1940) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in La Crosse County, Wisconsin in Mormon Coulee, Keppel went to the public schools. He was a farmer and lived in Long Coulee near Holmen, Wisconsin. He was the manager and secretary of the Holmen Cooperative Creamery and was also secretary of the Holmen Telephone Company. Keppel was also one of the directors of the Holmen Bank. Keppel was a supporter of United States Senator Robert M. La Follette, Sr. and the Wisconsin Progressive Party. Keppel served on the grade school and high school board. He also served on the La Crosse County Board and was chairman of the county board. During World War I, Keppel served on the local draft board. From 1907 to 1909, Keppel served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Then, from 1925 to 1933, Keppel served in the Wisconsin State Senate and was a Republican. Keppel died in Holmen, Wisconsin as a result of a stroke.

Holmen, Wisconsin
Holmen (/ˈhoʊlmən/ HOHL-mən) is a city in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 10,661 as of the census of 2020. It is part of the La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Three Floors
Three Floors (Italian: Tre piani) is a 2021 Italian drama film co-produced, co-written and directed by Nanni Moretti. It is based on the 2017 novel Shalosh Qomot by Eshkol Nevo, moving the setting from Tel Aviv to Rome, and also marking Moretti's first adaptation of the work of another artist. It stars an ensemble cast that includes Margherita Buy, Riccardo Scamarcio, Alba Rohrwacher, Adriano Giannini, Elena Lietti, Alessandro Sperduti, Denise Tantucci and Moretti, as neighbors in a three floor building.

The film had its world premiere in the main competition of the 74th Cannes Film Festival on 11 July 2021, where it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. It was theatrically released in Italy on 23 September 2021 by 01 Distribution.

Nanni Moretti
Giovanni "Nanni" Moretti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈnanni moˈretti]; born 19 August 1953) is an Italian film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is most known for his Palme d'Or winner film The Son's Room (2001) and his Special Jury Prize winner film Sweet Dreams (1981). He is also the recipient of three David di Donatello Award for Best Film, for: Caro diario in 1994, The Son's Room in 2001, and The Caiman in 2006.

Every film he directed since Caro diario has been shown at main competition of the Cannes Film Festival. In 2012 he served as the jury president of the festival's main competition.
Gilbert Rohde
Gilbert Rohde (1894–1944), whose career as a furniture and industrial designer helped to define American modernism during its first phase from the late 1920s to World War II, is best known today for inaugurating modern design at Herman Miller Inc.

Herman Miller
MillerKnoll, Incorporated, doing business as Herman Miller, is an American company that produces office furniture, equipment, and home furnishings. Its best known designs include the Aeron chair, Noguchi table, Marshmallow sofa, Mirra chair, and Eames Lounge Chair. Herman Miller is also credited with the 1968 invention of the office cubicle (originally known as the "Action Office") under then–director of research Robert Propst.
CrowdBlue
CrowdBlue (formerly known as Crowdpac) is a politics-centric crowdfunding platform founded in 2014. It has four founders: Stanford University professor Adam Bonica, David Cameron's former political advisor Steve Hilton, Google executive Gisel Kordestani, and social entrepreneur Paul Hilder. In 2025, It was rebranded as CrowdBlue and Bart Myers appointed as a new CEO.

Paul Hilder
Paul Hilder is a British-born social entrepreneur, writer and organiser. As well as working for non-profit organisations, he is a co-founder of openDemocracy.net and has stood for various positions in the Labour Party.
Fortescue (novel)
Fortescue is an 1846 three-volume novel by the Irish writer James Sheridan Knowles. He had for many years been a leading West End playwright, but by this stage his career was in gradual decline, and he turned to novel-writing. It is set in Cork where Knowles was born and raised. The New Monthly Magazine review believed that the novel may have been semi-autobiographical. It was serialised in The Sunday Times. It was published in New York by Harper Brothers in 1847.

James Sheridan Knowles
James Sheridan Knowles (12 May 1784 – 30 November 1862) was an Irish dramatist and actor. A relative of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Knowles enjoyed success writing plays for the leading West End theatres. Later in his career he also produced several novels.
Dim Stars
Dim Stars was an alternative rock supergroup active briefly in the early 1990s. The group was composed of bassist Richard Hell of Richard Hell and the Voidoids, guitarist Thurston Moore and drummer Steve Shelley from Sonic Youth, and guitarist Don Fleming from Gumball; there was some guitar work by Robert Quine, also of the Voidoids. Their initial release was a limited-edition set of three 7" EPs, which was later released as one CD on compact disc in 1992. This was followed by a full-length album, which was regarded as a showcase for Hell's songwriting abilities. The group did not tour together and essentially disbanded after the release of the LP.

Richard Hell
Richard Lester Meyers (born October 2, 1949), better known by his stage name Richard Hell, is an American singer, songwriter, bass guitarist and writer.

Hell was in several important early punk rock bands, including Neon Boys, Television and the Heartbreakers, after which he formed Richard Hell & the Voidoids. Their 1977 album Blank Generation influenced many other punk bands. Its title track was named "One of the 500 Songs That Shaped Rock" by music writers in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame listing and is ranked as one of the all-time Top 10 punk songs by a 2006 poll of original British punk figures, as reported in the Rough Guide to Punk.

Since the late 1980s, Hell has devoted himself primarily to writing, publishing two novels and several other books. He was the film critic for BlackBook magazine from 2004 to 2006.
Tair Kaminer
Tair Kaminer (Hebrew: תאיר קמינר) is an Israeli conscientious objector. In 2016, Kaminer served six consecutive prison terms, totaling 160 days, for her refusal to enlist in the Israel Defense Forces, the longest imprisonment of any female objector.

Mesarvot
Mesarvot (Hebrew: מסרבות, lit. 'Refusers (fem.)') is an Israeli organization supporting conscientious objectors in their total refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces. The organization has existed since 2015 and provides a network for public attention and legal support of youth refusing to join the army and former conscientious objectors.