hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samoa hotspot
The Samoa hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located in the south Pacific Ocean.
The hotspot model describes a hot upwelling plume of magma through the Earth's crust as an explanation of how volcanic islands are formed. The hotspot idea came from J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963 based on the Hawaiian Islands volcanic chain.

In theory, the Samoa hotspot is based on the Pacific Tectonic Plate travelling over a fixed hotspot located deep underneath the Samoan Islands.
The Samoa hotspot has created the Samoan Islands (American Samoa and Samoa), the islands of Uvea or Wallis Island (Wallis and Futuna) and Niulakita (Tuvalu), as well as the submerged Pasco banks and Alexa Bank.

As the Pacific Plate moves slowly over the hotspot, thermal activity builds up and is released in magma plume spewing through the Earth's crust, forming each island in a chain. The Samoa islands generally lie in a straight line, east to west, in the same direction of the tectonic plate 'drifting' over the hotspot.

Hotspot (geology)
In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone hotspots. A hotspot's position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries, and so hotspots may create a chain of volcanoes as the plates move above them.

There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. The alternative plate theory is that the mantle source beneath a hotspot is not anomalously hot, rather the crust above is unusually weak or thin, so that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow depths.
Frankee Connolly
Francesca Rose Connolly is an English singer from Helmshore. She was a member of the groups Mini Viva, who had a No. 7 hit with "Left My Heart in Tokyo", and M.O, with whom she had a No. 18 hit with "Who Do You Think Of?".

M.O
M.O are an English girl group consisting of members Annie Ashcroft and Chanal Benjilali, and previously Frankee Connolly until her departure in June 2017 and Nadine Samuels until her departure in 2020. The group was formed in 2012 by the members themselves, after their previous groups Mini Viva and Duchess had disbanded. Starting out on independent label Operator Records, they have been signed to Polydor Records since early 2016. On 19 October 2020, Nadine Samuels confirmed her departure from the group.
No Questions Asked (film)
No Questions Asked is a 1951 American crime film noir directed by Harold F. Kress and starring Barry Sullivan, Arlene Dahl, George Murphy and Jean Hagen. The screenplay was written by Sidney Sheldon from a story by Berne Giler.

Sidney Sheldon
Sidney Sheldon (February 11, 1917 – January 30, 2007) was an American writer. He was prominent in the 1940s and 50s, first working on Broadway plays, and then in motion pictures, notably writing the successful comedy The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer (1947), which earned him an Oscar in 1948. He went on to work in television, where over 20 years he created The Patty Duke Show (1963–66), I Dream of Jeannie (1965–70), and Hart to Hart (1979–84). After turning 50, he began writing best-selling romantic suspense novels, such as The Other Side of Midnight (1973), Master of the Game (1982),  and Rage of Angels (1980).

Sheldon's novels have sold over 300 million copies in 51 languages. He is consistently cited as one of the top 10 best-selling fiction writers of all time.
Cortina Savage
The Cortina Savage is a custom performance automobile based on the Ford Cortina. The car was designed and produced by Jeff Uren and his companies, Race Proved Performance and Racing Equipment Ltd., and Jeff Uren Ltd. Production of the conversion started in the mid-1960s and was applied to multiple generations of the Cortina, with the Mk2 Savage built in the largest numbers.

Jeff Uren
Jeffery Macandrew-Uren (17 October 1925 – 6 April 2007), was a British engineer, racing driver, race team manager, tuner, customiser, and entrepreneur. He won the British Saloon Car Championship in its sophomore year. He was a driver and team manager for Ford Motor Company's rallying efforts, team manager with John Willment's racing division, and team manager for AC Cars' 1964 Le Mans team. He later created a series of performance-oriented engine-swapped custom Ford models.
Tellusboutyourself
Tellusboutyourself is the second studio album by South Korean singer Yerin Baek. It was released digitally through Blue Vinyl on December 10, 2020, and physically on January 8, 2021, by Dreamus. Written and recorded in English, the album is primarily a pop-R&B record. It contains fourteen tracks including the double title tracks "Hate You" and "0415", which were released simultaneously with the album's digital release.

Yerin Baek
Baek Ye-rin (Korean: 백예린; born June 26, 1997), anglicized as Yerin Baek, is a South Korean singer-songwriter. A former member of South Korean duo 15&, she debuted as a solo artist with her extended play, Frank, in 2015. Baek is credited with writing and composition for the majority of her songs, often touching on personal topics and real-life experiences. In addition to her solo career, she is also the lead vocalist and guitarist for the South Korean rock band The Volunteers and has been performing with them since 2018.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.  Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.

Granuloma
A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages (along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. Such substances include infectious organisms including bacteria and fungi, as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin, and suture fragments.
Look for a Woman
Look for a Woman (Russian: Ищите женщину, romanized: Ishchite zhenshchinu) is a 1983 Soviet crime comedy television film adaptation of the play "La Perruche et le Poulet" by French writer Robert Thomas, which is, in turn, the French adaptation of "Busybody" by Jack Popplewell, directed by Alla Surikova.

Alla Surikova
Alla Ilinichna Surikova (Russian: А́лла Ильи́нична Су́рикова; born November 6, 1940, in Kyiv) is a Soviet and Russian film director, writer, and teacher.

She is a People's Artist of Russia (2000), winner of the Award of the Government of the Russian Federation (2009), and a member of the Russian Union of Cinematographers.

She is best known as the director of the Red Western comedy film A Man from the Boulevard des Capucines which starred famous Soviet actors including Andrei Mironov, Aleksandra Yakovleva, Nikolai Karachentsov, Oleg Tabakov, Leonid Yarmolnik, Mikhail Boyarsky and Igor Kvasha.
Nadel vanishing theorem
In mathematics, the Nadel vanishing theorem is a global vanishing theorem for multiplier ideals, introduced by A. M. Nadel in 1989. It generalizes the Kodaira vanishing theorem using singular metrics with (strictly) positive curvature, and also it can be seen as an analytical analogue of the Kawamata–Viehweg vanishing theorem.

Multiplier ideal
In commutative algebra, the multiplier ideal associated to a sheaf of ideals over a complex variety and a real number c consists (locally) of the functions h such that

is locally integrable, where the fi are a finite set of local generators of the ideal. Multiplier ideals were independently introduced by Nadel (1989) (who worked with sheaves over complex manifolds rather than ideals) and Lipman (1993), who called them adjoint ideals.

Multiplier ideals are discussed in the survey articles Blickle & Lazarsfeld (2004), Siu (2005), and Lazarsfeld (2009).
Vesele, Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Vesele (Ukrainian: Веселе) is a rural settlement in Melitopol Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, southern Ukraine. It was formerly the administrative center of Vesele Raion until the raion was abolished in 2020. It has a population of 9,340 (2022 estimate).

Melitopol Raion
Melitopol Raion (Ukrainian: Мелітопольський район) is one of the five raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. The administrative center of the region is Melitopol. Population: 276,638 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Melitopol Raion was significantly expanded.  The population was 48,191 (2020 est.).

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the raion has been occupied by Russia. Pro-Ukrainian partisans are very active in the area.
Merregnon
Merregnon is a narrative orchestral music series created and produced by Thomas Böcker through his company, Merregnon Studios. Combining symphonic compositions with fantasy storytelling, the project launched in 1999 and has since produced several albums and live concert performances. The most recent works, Merregnon: Land of Silence (2021) and Merregnon: Heart of Ice (2024), premiered with the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra and the Deutsche Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz, respectively. Aimed at families and younger audiences, the series follows in the tradition of orchestral works such as The Carnival of the Animals by Saint-Saëns and Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf.

The Merregnon series features contributions from composers known for their work in the video game industry, including Nobuo Uematsu, Yoko Shimomura, Chris Hülsbeck, and Yuzo Koshiro.

Chris Huelsbeck
Christopher Hülsbeck (born 2 March 1968), known internationally as Chris Huelsbeck, is a German video game music composer. He gained popularity for his work on game soundtracks for The Great Giana Sisters and the Turrican series.
Age of Iron
Age of Iron is a 1990 novel by South African Nobel Prize winner J. M. Coetzee. It is among his most popular works and was the 1990 Sunday Express Book of the Year. In it, he paints a picture of social and political tragedy unfolding in a country ravaged by racism and violence. Critically acclaimed, it remains one of the most striking pieces of literature regarding South African apartheid and is still used in schools worldwide for literature studies.

The Sunday Express Book of the Year
The Sunday Express Book of the Year also known as The Sunday Express Fiction Award was awarded between 1987 and 1993. Worth £20,000 for the winner and £1,000 for each of the five shortlisted authors, it was the most lucrative fiction prize in Britain at the time.
Hi Honey, I'm Home!
Hi Honey, I'm Home! is an American television sitcom that ran from July 19, 1991, to July 12, 1992, for 13 episodes. Each week, a new episode of the series aired on ABC as part of its Friday night TGIF lineup. The same episode would re-air Sunday night on Nickelodeon as part of the channel's Nick at Nite lineup. ABC stopped airing the series after the sixth episode of the first season. The show's second and final season only aired on Nick at Nite before being canceled in July 1992. The series was taped before a live audience in Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Studios Florida.

Nick at Nite
Nick at Nite (stylized as nick@nite since 2002) is an American nighttime programming block on Nickelodeon. The block's programming broadcasts during the evening, prime time and late night hours. The block initially consisted of syndicated sitcoms and films from the 1950s to the 1970s. Nick at Nite gradually shifted its programming to primarily airing sitcoms as recent as the mid-1990s to the 2010s. The block was launched on July 1, 1985, and it replaced A&E on Nickelodeon's channel space after it spun off into its own 24-hour channel. The block launched present-day TV Land in 1996. The Nickelodeon Group, a division of Paramount Skydance's networks unit, generally regards Nick at Nite as a separate channel that shares space with Nickelodeon on the channel due to the block targeting adult audiences. Nielsen has reported Nick at Nite ratings separately from Nickelodeon since 2004.
Tecmash
Tecmash (Russian: Техмаш)—formal name Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Nauchno-Proizvodstvenny Kontsern Tekhnologii Mashinostroeniya (Russian: Акционерное общество научно-производственный концерн технологии машиностроения)—is a 2010s-20s Russian arms industry company within the Rostec state corporation group producing and developing weapons, munitions, and ammunition for Armed Forces.  Founded in 2011, the Tecmash consortium played an important role in manufacturing military equipment and supplies during the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Rostec
Rostec, formally trading as State Corporation "Rostec", fully the State Corporation for the Promotion of the Development, Manufacture, and Export of High Tech Products "Rostec" and formerly Rostekhnologii, is a Russian state-owned defense conglomerate headquartered in Moscow.

Established in 2007, the organization comprises about 800 enterprises, which together form 15 holding companies: eleven in the defense-industry complex and three in civil sectors. Rostec's organizations are located in 60 constituents of the Russian Federation and supply goods to over 70 countries.

The organization is headed by Sergey Chemezov, appointed to the position by Russian president Vladimir Putin. The 2014 EU sanctions listing for Chemezov describes how Rostec subsidiaries supported Russia's annexation of Crimea.
Riverside Christian School
Riverside Christian School, founded in 1973, is a private Christian school in Yakima, Washington for preschool through 12th Grade students. Riverside Christian School is a member of the Association of Christian Schools International and Washington Federation of Independent Schools.

Yakima, Washington
Yakima (/ˈjækɪmɑː/ or /ˈjækɪmə/) is a city in and the county seat of Yakima County, Washington, United States, and the state's 11th most populous city. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 96,968 and a metropolitan population of 256,728. The unincorporated suburban areas of West Valley and Terrace Heights are considered a part of greater Yakima.

Yakima is about 60 miles (100 kilometers) southeast of Mount Rainier in Washington. It is situated in the Yakima Valley, a productive agricultural region noted for apple, wine, and hop production. As of 2011, the Yakima Valley produces 77% of all hops grown in the United States. The name Yakima originates from the Yakama Nation Native American tribe, whose reservation is located south of the city.
American Conservatory of Music
The American Conservatory of Music (ACM) was a major American school of music founded in Chicago in 1886 by John James Hattstaedt (1851–1931). The conservatory was incorporated as an Illinois non-profit corporation. It developed the Conservatory Symphony Orchestra and had numerous student recitals. The oldest private degree-granting music school in the Midwestern United States, it was located in Chicago until 1991.

That year, 1991, its board of trustees—chaired by Frederic Wilbur Hickman—voted to close the institution, file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, liquidate the assets, and dissolve the corporation. The conservatory closed at the end of the semester, in May 1991.

An organization based in Hammond, Indiana, uses the name "American Conservatory of Music" and identifies as the reorganized continuation of the Chicago institution. It also has a base in Belize that was founded in 1886 and is currently led by Theodora Schultze.

Gail Kubik
Gail Thompson Kubik (September 5, 1914 – July 20, 1984) was an American composer, music director, violinist, and teacher.

He first gained widespread recognition for his scores for World War II documentary films, including Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress (1944). He is best remembered for winning the 1952 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Symphony Concertante, and for his score for Gerald McBoing-Boing.
Progress Reform
Progress Reform is an EP by the Leeds-based post-rock group I Like Trains. The EP's title is a reference to the lyrics of "The Beeching Report", which are concerned with the 1960s Beeching Axe British railway reforms. Other songs on the EP have other historical implications.

"Terra Nova" – Robert Scott's doomed mission to the South Pole in 1912.

"No Military Parade" – Roald Amundsen and the events after the polar expedition.

"A Rook House for Bobby" – tells the story of Bobby Fischer's 1992  chess match against Boris Spassky in Yugoslavia, after which Fischer was unable to return to the USA. The song's video includes a high-speed animation of the final game, with which Fischer won the match.

"The Beeching Report" – the effects of Dr Richard Beeching's report.

I Like Trains
I Like Trains (previously styled as iLiKETRAiNS) is an English alternative/post-rock band, formed in Leeds, West Yorkshire. It draws its inspiration from historical failings and a pessimistic world view.

I Like Trains has had its music used in Hollywood film trailers, advertisements and television, including an episode of CSI: Miami.
Larkin Company
The Larkin Company, also known as the Larkin Soap Company, was a company founded in 1875 in Buffalo, New York as a small soap factory. It grew tremendously throughout the late 1800s and into the first quarter of the 1900s with an approach called "The Larkin Idea" that transformed the company into a mail-order conglomerate that employed 2,000 people and had annual sales of $28.6 million (equivalent to $448,906,000 in 2024) in 1920. The company's success allowed them to hire Frank Lloyd Wright to design the iconic Larkin Administration Building which stood as a symbol of Larkin prosperity until the company's demise in the 1940s.

Larkin Terminal Warehouse
The Larkin Terminal Warehouse, also known as Larkin at Exchange or the Larkin R/S/T Building, : p.88  is located at 726 Exchange Street, Buffalo, New York in a neighborhood known as the "Hydraulics." The neighborhood was one of Buffalo's earliest industrial districts and its name is derived from the construction of a small hydraulic canal. The building, clearly visible from the I-190 interstate, was originally part of the Larkin Company and was one of the last constructed buildings in the complex. The building has a radio tower on the roof erected by WEBR-AM in 1936.
Old/Quartet
Old/Quartet is an album recorded in 1967 by Roscoe Mitchell's Art Ensemble which later became known as the  Art Ensemble of Chicago. It was released on the Nessa label in 1975 and features performances by Mitchell, Lester Bowie, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Phillip Wilson.

Nessa Records
Nessa Records is an American jazz record label founded in Chicago in 1967 by producer Chuck Nessa.

After working at Delmark Records for a year, Nessa started the label at the urging of Roscoe Mitchell and Lester Bowie. The first album was released under Bowie's name because Mitchell was under contract to Delmark. Since the mid 80's the label has been based in Whitehall, Michigan.
Dobrzenica
Dobrzenica [dɔbʐɛˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prażmów, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Six Polish citizens were murdered by Nazi Germany in the village during World War II.

Gmina Prażmów
Gmina Prażmów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Prażmów, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Piaseczno and 31 km (19 mi) south of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 86.11 square kilometres (33.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,554.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Chojnów Landscape Park.
Golomb sequence
In mathematics, the Golomb sequence, named after Solomon W. Golomb (but also called Silverman's sequence), is a monotonically increasing integer sequence where an is the number of times that n occurs in the sequence, starting with a1 = 1, and with the property that for n > 1 each an is the smallest positive integer which makes it possible to satisfy the condition. For example, a1 = 1 says that 1 only occurs once in the sequence, so a2 cannot be 1 too, but it can be 2, and therefore must be 2. The first few values are

1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12 (sequence A001462 in the OEIS).

Solomon W. Golomb
Solomon Wolf Golomb (/ɡəˈloʊm/ gə-LOHM; May 30, 1932 – May 1, 2016) was an American mathematician, engineer, and professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California, best known for his works on mathematical games. He most notably invented Cheskers (a hybrid between chess and checkers) in 1948. He also fully described polyominoes in 1953. He specialized in problems of combinatorial analysis, number theory, coding theory, and communications. Pentomino board games, based on his work, would go on to inspire Tetris.
Frederick Hackwood
Frederick William Hackwood FRHS (18 April 1851 – 4 December 1926) was an English teacher, antiquarian, journalist, and prolific non-fiction writer who produced more than 30 books. He was born in Wednesbury, West Midlands and served that town as a justice of the peace, historian, and councillor. He wrote for the Wednesbury Herald for twenty years.

Wednesbury Herald
The Wednesbury Herald was a weekly newspaper published in the Municipal Borough of Wednesbury, England, during the Victorian era. It billed itself as the only conservative paper published there. The publisher was Robert Ryder and an associated Ryder's Annual was published each November. Microfilm copies of the paper are held by Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council archives.
John Moore (bishop of Bauchi)
John Francis Moore, SMA (12 January 1942 in Dublin, Ireland – 20 January 2010) was the Bishop of the Diocese of Bauchi, Nigeria. He was ordained a priest on 20 December 1965 for the Society of African Missions.

Bishop Moore was born on 12 January 1942 in the parish of Harold's Cross, Dublin, in the Archdiocese of Dublin, the second son of John and Mary Moore (née Broughal). He was educated at the Christian Brothers Secondary School, Synge Street, Dublin from 1955 to 1959. In 1960 he became a member of the SMA. From 1960 to 1966 he studied Philosophy and Theology at the SMA Major seminary at Dromantine House, Newry, Co Down. Right Reverend Eugene Doherty, Bishop of Dromore, ordained him to the priesthood on 20 December 1965 in St Colman's Cathedral, Newry.

On 5 July 1996 he was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Bauchi and Titular Bishop of Gigthi, and ordained on
7 November 1996 by Bishop Gabriel Ganaka.

Harold's Cross
Harold's Cross (Irish: Cros Araild, meaning 'Harold's Cross') is an affluent urban village and inner suburb on the south side of Dublin, Ireland in the postal district D6W. The River Poddle runs through it, though largely in an underground culvert, and it holds a major cemetery, Mount Jerome, and Our Lady's Hospice.