hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marcus Terentius Varro
Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was described by Petrarch as "the third great light of Rome" (after Virgil and Cicero). He is sometimes called Varro Reatinus ("Varro of Rieti") to distinguish him from his younger contemporary Varro Atacinus ("Varro of Atax").

The City of God
On the City of God Against the Pagans (Latin: De civitate Dei contra paganos), often called The City of God, is a book of Christian philosophy written in Latin by Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century AD. Augustine wrote the book to refute allegations that Christianity initiated the decline of Rome and is considered one of his seminal works, standing alongside the Confessions, the Enchiridion, On Christian Doctrine, and On the Trinity. As a work of one of the most influential Church Fathers, The City of God is a cornerstone of Western thought, expounding on many questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the existence of evil, the conflict between free will and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of original sin.
Geetha Arts
Geetha Arts is an Indian film production and distribution company known for its works in Telugu cinema. It is one of the largest and most successful production houses in South Indian cinema. It was established in 1972 by Allu Aravind. It has produced around 60 films majority of them in Telugu in addition to a few films in Hindi, Tamil, and Kannada languages.

Geetha Arts marked its beginning through the 1974 Telugu film Bantrothu Bharya. The company has produced films featuring actors such as Chiranjeevi, Rajinikanth, Aamir Khan, Pawan Kalyan, Ram Charan, Allu Arjun, Ganesh, Nani, Ravichandran, Govinda and Kartik Aaryan. It has also expanded its presence into film distribution, exhibition and digital content.

Bantrothu Bharya
Bantrothu Bharya (translation: Wife of Peon) is a 1974 Telugu drama film directed by Dasari Narayana Rao and produced by Allu Aravind and Dasari Narayana Murthy under Geetha Arts. The film stars Chalam, Krishnam Raju, Srividya and Vijaya Nirmala in the lead roles. The music was composed by Ramesh Naidu. It is the first film produced by Geetha Arts. It was successful at the box-office. The film was remade of Malayalam movie Bhoomidevi Pushpiniyayi (1974).
Wankinco River
The Wankinco River is a 7.3-mile-long (11.7 km) river in eastern Massachusetts, United States. It is a tributary of the Wareham River, which drains into Buzzards Bay.

Although now spelled Wankinco, it was previously written as Wankinquoah, which may have been derived from Wonqun, meaning "crooked".

The river originates at East Head Reservoir, a pond in the Myles Standish State Forest, and flows southwards through various impoundments and cranberry bogs to join the Agawam River near the center of Wareham, Massachusetts, after which it forms the Wareham River, forming Wareham's main harbor with a depth of about 12 feet (3.7 m). During a portion of its course, it serves as the boundary between Carver and Plymouth, Massachusetts.

East Head Reservoir
East Head Reservoir, also known as East Head Pond, is a 92-acre (370,000 m2) pond in Carver and Plymouth, Massachusetts, within the Myles Standish State Forest, located northeast of the forest headquarters, east of Barrett Pond, southwest of New Long Pond and College Pond, and northwest of Fearing Pond. The reservoir is the headwaters to the Wankinco River.
Constitutional references to God
Constitutional references to God exist in the constitutions of a number of nations, most often in the preamble. A reference to God in a legal text is called invocatio dei ('invocation of God') if the text itself is proclaimed in the name of the deity. A reference to God in another context is called nominatio dei ('naming of God'). Such invocationes and nominationes dei are found notably in several European constitutional traditions (reflecting the strong position of established churches in those countries and the tradition of invoking God in legal documents) and in the constitutions of Islamic countries.

Preamble
A preamble (from Latin  preambulum 'preliminary, preface') is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy.  When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute.  It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law.

In the American context of parliamentary procedure, according to Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution.
Josh Dun
Joshua William Dun (born June 18, 1988) is an American musician. He is best known as the drummer of the musical duo Twenty One Pilots, alongside Tyler Joseph, but he has collaborated with other artists as well. His band has been nominated for six Grammy Awards, of which he has won one.

Breach (Twenty One Pilots album)
Breach is the eighth studio album by the American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, released on September 12, 2025, through Fueled by Ramen. It is a follow-up to the duo's previous album Clancy (2024), and concludes a conceptual series also consisting of Blurryface (2015), Trench (2018), and Scaled and Icy (2021). Primarily written by vocalist Tyler Joseph and co-produced with Paul Meany and Mike Elizondo, the album received positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success, becoming the duo's second record to debut atop the Billboard 200, and the biggest opening week vinyl sales for a rock album since tracking began in 1991.
Robert Treat Paine Jr.
Robert Treat Paine Jr. (December 9, 1773 – November 13, 1811) was an American poet and editor. He was the second son of Robert Treat Paine, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Born Thomas Paine (after his paternal grandfather), he changed his name to that of his recently deceased older brother in 1801, in part as a tribute to his father and in part to avoid confusion with the more famous Thomas Paine, the revolutionary pamphleteer, who was unpopular at that time. He received bachelor's and master's degrees from Harvard University, for whose commencement ceremonies he wrote a number of pieces.

Robert Treat Paine
Robert Treat Paine (March 11, 1731 – May 11, 1814) was a lawyer, politician and Founding Father of the United States who signed the Continental Association and Declaration of Independence as a representative of the colonial era Province of Massachusetts Bay, one of the original Thirteen Colonies. He served as the state's first attorney general and as an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, the state's highest court.
Yseult (singer)
Yseult Marie Onguenet (French pronunciation: [isœlt maʁi ɔ̃ɡne], [izœlt]; born 19 August 1994), known mononymously as Yseult, is a French singer-songwriter and model. She rose to prominence after becoming the runner-up on the tenth season of Nouvelle Star, a French singing reality competition television series. She subsequently signed to Polydor Records, before releasing her debut album, Yseult, in 2015. Since leaving Polydor, she has released three extended plays as an independent artist: Rouge (2019), Noir (2019) and Brut (2020). She performed the song "My Way" for the 2024 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony. She also worked with artists such as Christina Aguilera, Kanye West, Black Eyed Peas, Rema, Anitta, Banks, Sevdaliza, Pabllo Vittar, Shygirl, and Ty Dolla Sign.

Nouvelle Star season 10
The tenth season of Nouvelle Star began on October 31, 2013, and finished on February 20, 2014. Cyril Hanouna was renewed as host for a second season. All four judges from season 9 stayed for season 10, namely André Manoukian, Olivier Bas, Sinclair and Maurane.

Auditions were held in Marseille, Lyon and Paris. The winner was Mathieu Saikaly.
John Richardson (actor)
John Richardson (19 January 1934 – 5 January 2021) was an English actor who appeared in films from the late 1950s until the early 1990s. He was a male lead in Italian genre films, most notably Mario Bava's Black Sunday (1960) with Barbara Steele, but he was best known for playing the love interest of Ursula Andress in She (1965) and then of Raquel Welch in One Million Years B.C. (1966).

Barbara Steele
Barbara Steele (born 29 December 1937) is an English actress and producer, known for starring in Italian gothic horror films of the 1960s. She has been referred to as the "Queen of All Scream Queens" and "Britain's first lady of horror". She played the dual role of Asa and Katia Vajda in Mario Bava's landmark film Black Sunday (1960), and starred in The Pit and the Pendulum (1961), The Horrible Dr. Hichcock (1962), The Long Hair of Death (1964), and Castle of Blood (1964).

Additionally, Steele had supporting roles in Federico Fellini's 8½ (1963), David Cronenberg's Shivers (1975), Joe Dante's Piranha and Louis Malle's Pretty Baby (both 1978), and appeared on television in the 1991 TV series Dark Shadows. She won a Primetime Emmy Award for producing the American television miniseries War and Remembrance (1988–89). Steele appeared in several films in the 2010s, including a lead role in The Butterfly Room (2012) and supporting role in Ryan Gosling's Lost River (2014).
Funiculus (neuroanatomy)
A funiculus is a small bundle of axons (nerve fibres), enclosed by the perineurium. A small nerve may consist of a single funiculus, but a larger nerve will have several funiculi collected together into larger bundles known as fascicles. Fascicles are bound together in a common membrane, the epineurium.

Funiculi in the spinal cord are columns of white matter.
Examples include:

Anterior funiculus of the spinal cord

Lateral funiculus of the spinal cord

Posterior funiculus of the spinal cord

Nerve fascicle
A nerve fascicle is a bundle of nerve fibers belonging to a nerve in the peripheral nervous system. A nerve fascicle is also called a fasciculus, as is a nerve tract in the central nervous system.

A nerve fascicle is enclosed by perineurium, a layer of fascial connective tissue. Each enclosed nerve fiber in the fascicle is enclosed by a connective tissue layer of endoneurium. Bundles of nerve fascicles are called fasciculi and are constituents of a nerve trunk. A main nerve trunk may contain a great many fascicles enclosing many thousands of axons.

In the central nervous system, a bundle of nerve fibers is called a nerve tract. In neuroanatomy, different tracts in the spinal cord are bundled into fasciculi such as the medial longitudinal fasciculus. In the spinal cord, fasciculi are bundled into columns called funiculi such as the anterior funiculus.
WPGB
WPGB (104.7 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  It broadcasts a country music format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.   Its studios and offices are located on Abele Rd. in Bridgeville next to I-79, along with its sister stations. WPGB carries The Bobby Bones Show on weekday mornings, syndicated from Nashville.

WPGB has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 14,500 watts.  The transmitter is off Rising Main Avenue at Lanark Street, on a tower shared with WPXI-TV and other FM stations in the Pittsburgh radio market. WPGB broadcasts using HD Radio technology.  Its HD2 digital subchannel carries the sports radio programming of co-owned WBGG (970 AM).

Urban adult contemporary
Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on their playlists, and generally include some mix of contemporary R&B and traditional R&B (while urban oldies stations emphasize only the latter). Urban adult contemporary playlists generally consist of many different genres that originated amongst Black Americans including R&B, soul, funk, disco, jazz, pop, hip-hop, electro, quiet storm, gospel, new jack swing, and hip-hop soul.
Committee for Communities
The Committee for Communities is a Northern Ireland Assembly committee established to advise, assist and scrutinise the work of the Department for Communities and Minister for Communities (currently Gordon Lyons). The committee also plays a key role in the consultation, consideration and development of new social development legislation.

Until 2016, the committee was called the Committee for Social Development.

Department for Communities
The Department for Communities (DfC, Irish: An Roinn Pobal; Ulster Scots: Depairtment fur Commonities) is a devolved Northern Ireland government department in the Northern Ireland Executive.  The minister with overall responsibility for the department is the Minister for Communities. The department was created in May 2016 following the Fresh Start Agreement and the dissolution of several departments, such as the Department for Social Development, the Department of the Environment, the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and the Department for Employment and Learning from which several functions have amalgamated.
Armored Car Robbery
Armored Car Robbery is a 1950 American film noir directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Charles McGraw, Adele Jergens and William Talman.

The film tells the story of a well-planned robbery of cash from an armored car when it stops at a sports stadium. The theft goes awry and tough Los Angeles cop Jim Cordell pursues the culprits.

Wrigley Field (Los Angeles)
Wrigley Field was a ballpark in Los Angeles, California. It hosted minor league baseball teams in the region for more than 30 years. It was the home park for the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League (PCL), as well as for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB) during their inaugural season in 1961. The park was designed by Zachary Taylor Davis, who had designed MLB stadiums Comiskey Park and Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois. The ballpark was used as the backdrop for Hollywood films about baseball, the 1960 TV series Home Run Derby, jazz festivals, beauty contests, and civil rights rallies.
Uprising (2001 film)
Uprising is an American 2001 war drama television film about the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising during the Holocaust. The film was directed by Jon Avnet and written by Avnet and Paul Brickman. It was first aired on the NBC television network over two consecutive nights in November 2001.

Yitzhak Zuckerman
Yitzhak Zuckerman (Polish: Icchak Cukierman; Hebrew: יצחק צוקרמן; 13 December 1915 – 17 June 1981), also known by his nom de guerre "Antek", was one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 against Nazi Germany during World War II.
Kulturkampf
The Kulturkampf (German pronunciation: [kʊlˈtuːɐ̯ˌkamp͡f]; lit. 'Cultural Struggle') was the seven-year political conflict (1871–1878) between the Catholic Church in Germany led by Pope Pius IX and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, as well as other German states. The Prussian church-and-state political conflict was about the church's direct control over both education and ecclesiastical appointments in the Prussian kingdom. Moreover, when compared to other church-and-state conflicts about political culture, the Kulturkampf of Prussia also featured anti-Polish sentiment.

In modern political usage, the German term Kulturkampf describes any conflict (political, ideological, or social) between the secular government and the religious authorities of a society. The term also describes the great and small culture wars among political factions who hold deeply opposing values and beliefs within a nation, a community, and a cultural group.

Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism is a clerical-political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on (and expresses loyalty to) the prerogatives and powers of the Pope in matters related to civil state governance. It contrasts with Gallicanism, the belief that popular civil authority – often represented by the monarch's or state's authority – over the Church is comparable to that of the Pope.
Mil Mi-28
The Mil Mi-28 (NATO reporting name "Havoc") is a Soviet all-weather, day-night, military tandem, two-seat anti-armour attack helicopter. It is an attack helicopter with no intended secondary transport capability, and is better optimized than the Mil Mi-24 gunship for the role. It carries a single gun in an under nose barbette, plus external loads carried on pylons beneath stub wings.

LMUR
The LMUR (Russian: ЛМУР, Легкая многоцелевая управляемая ракета, romanized: Legkaya Mnogotselevaya Upravlyayemaya Raketa, lit. 'Light Multipurpose Guided Rocket') is a Russian helicopter-launched air-to-surface missile. It is also recognized under the alternative designations Kh-39, Izdeliye 305 (Russian: Изделие 305, lit. 'Product no. 305') and 9A-7755.
Special Class Railway Apprentice
Special Class Railway Apprentice (SCRA) was a programme by which candidates are selected by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) India, to train in the undergraduate program in mechanical engineering at the Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jamalpur. This programme started in 1927 and is one of the oldest in India.

In 2015, Railways decided to close down this examination after UPSC communicated that it was not inclined to continue conducting the examination. However, the Ministry of Finance in 2021, in its report on the rationalisation of Indian Railways has recommended to start conducting the exam again stating that Indian Railways requires specialised training and skills beyond what is part of a regular graduation program.

Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
The Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (IRIMEE) was founded in 1888 as a technical school and commenced training Mechanical Officers for Indian Railways in 1927. It is the oldest of the five Centralised Training Institutes (CTIs) for training officers for Indian Railways. IRIMEE is located at Jamalpur in the Munger district of Bihar, on the Patna-Bhagalpur rail route. IRIMEE provides theoretical and practical training for a four-year undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering as well as professional courses to officers and supervisors of Indian Railways. There are also courses for non-railway organizations and foreign railways.
Scenic Railway (Dreamland Margate)
The Scenic Railway was a wooden roller coaster located at the Dreamland Amusement Park in Margate, United Kingdom. First opened in 1920, the ride was distinctive compared to modern-day roller coasters, as a brakeman was required to travel with the train to control its speed, manually applying brakes when needed. UK's English Heritage granted the roller coaster Grade II listed status in 2002 and Grade II* listed status in 2011, when it was the oldest operating roller coaster in the UK and one of only eight scenic railways in the world. The Scenic Railway was non-operational from 2006 until 2015 amid park closure and restoration following an arson attack. The ride was closed in August 2024 due to a derailing incident, and has remained standing but not operating since. In January 2026 it was announced that the ride would no longer operate.

Margate
Margate is a seaside town in the Thanet District of Kent, England. It is located on the north coast of Kent and covers an area of 2 miles (3 kilometres) long, 16 miles (26 kilometres) north-east of Canterbury and includes Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay and Westbrook. In 2011 it had a population of 61,223.

The town has been a significant maritime port since the Middle Ages, and was associated with Dover as part of the Cinque Ports in the 15th century. It became a popular place for holidaymakers in the 18th century, owing to easy access via the Thames, and later with the arrival of the railways. Popular landmarks include the sandy beaches and the Dreamland amusement park. During the late 20th century, the town went into decline along with other British seaside resorts, but attempts are being made to revitalise the economy.
Balista
Balista or Ballista (died c. 261), also known in the sources with the name of "Callistus", was one of the Thirty Tyrants of the controversial Historia Augusta, and supported the rebellion of the Macriani against Emperor Gallienus.

Harry Sidebottom
Harry Sidebottom is a British author and historian, best known for his two series of historical novels the Warrior of Rome, and Throne of the Caesars.  He is Quondam Fellow and Tutor in Ancient History at St. Benet's Hall, Oxford, and lecturer at Lincoln College.
Guy Self
Guy Self is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama Holby City played by John Michie. He first appeared in the sixteenth series episode "Sink or Swim", broadcast on 26 November 2013. Guy is a consultant neurosurgeon and Holby City Hospital's chief executive officer (CEO) until he resigns from his CEO position. The character also appeared in Holby City's sister show, Casualty. Guy departed in the nineteenth series episode "Song of Self – Part Two", but returned for a nine episode guest stint later in the series. Michie has since reprised the role on three occasions: for one episode in 2018, ten episodes in 2020, and one episode in 2022.

Holby City series 19
The nineteenth series of the British medical drama television series Holby City commenced airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 11 October 2016 and concluded airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 19 December 2017. The series consists of 64 episodes; an increase from the previous series.
Operation Grog
Operation Grog was the code name for the British naval and air bombardment of Genoa and La Spezia on 9 February 1941, by Force H of the Royal Navy, consisting of the battleship HMS Malaya, the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal, the battlecruiser HMS Renown and the light cruiser HMS Sheffield screened by ten fleet destroyers including HMS Fearless, Foxhound, Foresight, Fury, Firedrake and Jersey.

Force H
Force H was a British naval formation during the Second World War. It was formed in late-June 1940, to replace French naval power in the western Mediterranean removed by the French armistice with Nazi Germany. The force occupied an odd place within the naval chain of command. Normal British practice was to have naval stations and fleets around the world, whose commanders reported to the First Sea Lord via a flag officer. Force H was based at Gibraltar but there was already a flag officer at the base, Flag Officer Commanding, North Atlantic. The commanding officer of Force H did not report to this Flag Officer but directly to the First Sea Lord, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound.
Jan Wyrowiński
Jan Alfons Wyrowiński (born 27 August 1947, Brusy) is a Polish politician and Kashubian activist. He was the chairman of Kashubian-Pomeranian Association in the period 1994–1999. He has served multiple terms in the Sejm, Senate, as well as serving as Deputy Marshal of the Senate.

Brusy
Brusy [ˈbrusɨ] (Kashubian: Brusë; formerly German: Bruß) is a town in northern Poland, located in the Chojnice County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. As of June 2023, the town has a population of 5,103.