hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Volia
Volia is an extinct monospecific genus of mekosuchine crocodylian closely related to Mekosuchus and Trilophosuchus. Volia is known from a collection of largely fragmentary remains including skull bones and limbs recovered from the Voli Voli and Wainibuku Caves on Viti Levu (Fiji), with similar remains having been found on Naigani. It was around 2–3 metres (7–10 ft) long, making it the largest predatory animal on the island and subsequently most likely the apex predator of the Pleistocene ecosystems of Fiji. It may have fed on giant iguanas, flightless birds or even fish. Like its closest relatives, it may have been more terrestrial than today's crocodiles.

Atholl Anderson
Atholl John Anderson CNZM (born 1943) is a New Zealand archaeologist who has worked extensively in New Zealand and the Pacific. His work is notable for its syntheses of history, biology, ethnography and archaeological evidence. He made a major contribution to the evidence given by the iwi (tribe) Ngāi Tahu to the Waitangi Tribunal.
William Bainbridge
Commodore William Bainbridge (May 7, 1774 – July 27, 1833) was a United States Navy officer. During his long career in the young American navy he served under six presidents beginning with John Adams and is notable for his many victories at sea. He commanded several famous naval ships, including the USS Constitution, and saw service in the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812. Bainbridge was also in command of the USS Philadelphia when she grounded off the shores of Tripoli, Libya in North Africa, resulting in his capture and imprisonment for many months. In the latter part of his career he became the U.S. Naval Commissioner.

USS George Washington (1798)
The first USS George Washington was a frigate in the United States Navy. She was named after United States Founding Father and President George Washington.

George Washington was built as a merchant vessel at Providence, R.I., in 1793; purchased by the Congress at Providence 12 October 1798 from John Brown and John Francis for $10,400 in cash and $30,000 in 6 percent navy stock, for use in the developing undeclared naval war (the so-called Quasi-War) with France, and converted to a warship under the supervision of Captain Silas Talbot with Captain Patrick Fletcher in command.
The Apostate (play)
The Apostate is an 1817 tragedy by the Irish writer Richard Lalor Sheil. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden on 3 May 1817. The original cast included William Macready as Pescara, Charles Kemble as Hemeya, Charles Mayne Young as Malec, Thomas Comer as Hamy, Charles Murray as Alvarez, Daniel Egerton as Gomez and Elizabeth O'Neill as Florinda. The prologue was spoken by Charles Connor. It was loosely inspired by a 17th century work by the Spanish playwright Pedro Calderón de la Barca. The play was a success, but reviewers generally attributed this to O'Neill's acting rather than Sheil's writing.

John Wilkes Booth's last appearance onstage before he assassinated Abraham Lincoln was as Pescara at Ford's Theater. Of that appearance, the Washington Republican later wrote: "The villain Pescara was represented by the greater villain Booth."

Charles Mayne Young
Charles Mayne Young (10 January 1777 – 1856) was an English actor. He was born to a respected London surgeon (doctor). His first stage appearance was in Liverpool on 20 September 1798, where he played a Young Norval in Home's blank verse tragedy Douglas. Young's first London appearance was in 1807, as Hamlet with his friend Charles Mathews playing Polonius. "With the decline of John Philip Kemble, and until the coming of Kean and Macready, he was the leading English tragedian". He retired in 1832 in a farewell performance playing Hamlet with, as a special honour to him, Mathews as Polonius and Macready as the Ghost.
National Assembly of Zambia
The National Assembly is Zambia's unicameral legislative body. Between 1972 and 1990, Zambia was a one-party state with the United National Independence Party (UNIP) as the sole legal party.

The current National Assembly, formed following elections held in 2021, has a total of 166 members. 156 members are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple plurality (or first-past-the-post) system. Eight additional seats are filled through presidential appointment. The Speaker, first deputy speaker and the Vice President are also granted a seat in the assembly.

United National Independence Party
The United National Independence Party (UNIP) is a political party in Zambia. It governed the country from 1964 to 1991 under the socialist presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, and was the sole legal party in the country between 1973 and 1990. On 4 April 2021, Bishop Trevor Mwamba was elected President of UNIP.
The Day Mars Invaded Earth
The Day Mars Invaded Earth (a.k.a. Spaceraid 63) is a 1963 American independently made 1963 black-and-white CinemaScope science fiction film, produced and directed by Maury Dexter, starring Kent Taylor, Marie Windsor, and William Mims. It was written by Harry Spalding and released by Twentieth Century Fox.

The film's storyline is a cross between George Pal's The War of the Worlds (1953), and Don Siegel's Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). Martian energy beings duplicate a scientist and his family as a first step toward their invasion of Earth to stop humanity's space programs.

Robert L. Lippert
Robert Lenard Lippert (March 31, 1909 – November 16, 1976) was an American film producer and cinema chain owner. He was president and chief operating officer of Lippert Theatres, Affiliated Theatres and Transcontinental Theatres, all based in San Francisco, and at his height, he owned a chain of 139 movie theaters.

He helped finance more than 300 films, including the directorial debuts of Sam Fuller, James Clavell, and Burt Kennedy. His films include I Shot Jesse James (1949) and The Fly (1958) and he was known as "King of the Bs".

In 1962, Lippert said, "the word around Hollywood is: Lippert makes a lot of cheap pictures but he's never made a stinker".
Paul Laverty
Paul Laverty (born 1957) is an Irish and Scottish screenwriter and lawyer best known for his collaborations with Ken Loach. He has won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay and was a nominee for the Best Screenplay award at the BAFTAs.

Ken Loach
Kenneth Charles Loach (born 17 June 1936) is a retired English filmmaker. His socially critical directing style and socialist views are evident in his film treatment of social issues such as poverty (Poor Cow, 1967), homelessness (Cathy Come Home, 1966), and labour rights (Riff-Raff, 1991, and The Navigators, 2001).

Loach's film Kes (1969) was voted the seventh greatest British film of the 20th century in a poll by the British Film Institute. Two of his films, The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006) and I, Daniel Blake (2016), received the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, making him one of only ten filmmakers to win the award twice. He also holds the record for the most films screened in the main competition at Cannes with 15.
Niu Xianke
Niu Xianke (Chinese: 牛仙客) (675 – September 2, 742), formally Duke Zhenjian of Bin (豳貞簡公), was a general and official of the Chinese Tang dynasty. He served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. He took an unconventional path to the position of chancellor by starting as a low-level bureaucrat and gradually getting promoted, rather than going through the imperial examinations, and was known for being careful and obedient to fellow chancellor Li Linfu.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
9th Youth in Film Awards
The 9th Youth in Film Awards ceremony (now known as the Young Artist Awards), presented by the Youth in Film Association, honored outstanding youth performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film, television and music for the 1986-1987 season, and took place on December 5, 1987, at the Hollywood Palladium in Hollywood, California.

Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member, Maureen Dragone, the Youth in Film Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film, television, theater and music.

Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film
The Young Artist Award for Best Performance by a Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film is one of the Young Artist Awards presented annually by the Young Artist Association to recognize a young actor under the age of 21, who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. In its early years, the award was also known as the Youth in Film Award for Best Young Actor Starring in a Motion Picture, as well as by numerous other variations to its title over the years, however, the spirit of the award has remained essentially the same since its inception.  Winners are selected by secret ballot of the 125 members of the Young Artist Association as well as former Youth in Film Award/Young Artist Award winners.
Ni Hao, Kai-Lan
Ni Hao, Kai-Lan is an American animated television series produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio. It began as a series of three interstitial shorts on Nick Jr. called Downward Doghouse. The first full episode was initially set to premiere on October 22, 2007 on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in the United States, but was delayed to February 7, 2008, to coincide with Chinese New Year.

Ni Hao, Kai-Lan is based on the childhood of series creator Karen Chau, who grew up in a bicultural Chinese-American household. "Ni hao" (你好 nǐ hǎo) means "Hello" in Mandarin, and Kai-Lan (凯兰 kǎi lán) is the Chinese name Chau was given at birth, which was later anglicized to Karen.

The first two seasons had 20 episodes each. The third season consisted of a two-part series finale. Sascha Paladino was the head writer and developer for the show.

This series was released on Paramount+ (at the time CBS All Access) on January 19, 2021, until it was removed on December 22, 2024, due to licensing contracts.

Sascha Paladino
Sascha Paladino is an American television writer and documentary director. At Nickelodeon, he was the head writer and developer of Ni Hao, Kai-Lan, for which he received a 2010 Daytime Emmy Award nomination. He also wrote for other Nick-produced shows, including Blue's Clues, Oobi (on the Noggin channel), Team Umizoomi, Wonder Pets! and the Nickelodeon revival of Winx Club. Paladino was the director of the documentary Throw Down Your Heart, which was about his half-brother, the banjo player Béla Fleck.

Paladino started working for Disney Junior with the 2013 show Henry Hugglemonster, and he later created Miles From Tomorrowland for the network. He is also the showrunner of Mira, Royal Detective.
The Swift Home Service Club
Swift Home Service Club is a 1947-1948 American television show, "credited with being the first sponsored daytime network TV show." Hosted by Tex McCrary and Jinx Falkenburg, it aired Monday through Friday at 1 p.m. ET.

Jinx Falkenburg
Eugenia Lincoln "Jinx" Falkenburg (January 21, 1919 – August 27, 2003) was an American actress and model. She married journalist and publicist Tex McCrary in 1945. Known as "Tex and Jinx", the couple pioneered and popularized the talk show format, first on radio and then in the early days of television. They hosted a series of interview shows in the late 1940s and early 1950s that combined celebrity chit-chat with discussions of important topics of the day.
Joe Newton (coach)
Joe Newton (April 13, 1929 – December 9, 2017) was a high school cross country and track coach at York High School in Elmhurst, Illinois.  In sixty years of coaching between 1956 and 2016, he won 28 Illinois state cross country titles  and one track state title.  A feature-length documentary was made about his life and successes, called The Long Green Line after his team's nickname. He died on December 9, 2017, aged 88.
Among his many accomplishments he was an assistant manager in charge of marathon runners in the U.S. team for the 1988 Olympics. He was the first high school coach to hold such an honor.  He was awarded the National Cross Country Coach of the Year four times and wrote four books, concentrating on training and motivation.

York Community High School
York Community High School  is a public secondary school in Elmhurst, Illinois, United States. It is a part of the Elmhurst Community Unit School District 205. Most of the students reside in Elmhurst; however, the district also draws a small number of students from Addison, Bensenville, and Oak Brook. York is the only secondary school in District 205, which, as a unit school district also includes an early childhood center, eight elementary schools, three middle schools, and a transition center.
Winship Point
Winship Point (62°14′32″S 58°43′43″W﻿ / ﻿62.24231°S 58.72853°W﻿ / -62.24231; -58.72853) is a point at the west side of the entrance to Potter Cove, King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1960 for Jonathan Winship, master of the ship O'Cain in 1820–21, operating from Potter Cove.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Winship Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Jonathan Winship
Jonathan Winship III (1780–1843) was an American 19th-century sailor and entrepreneur, the son and grandson of Jonathan Winships I and II, who in 1775 established a cattle market in Brighton, Massachusetts which became the largest in the state. In the early 1800s Winship was Captain of the Winship family's O'Cain trading vessel on all but its first voyage (when he was first mate), trading across the Pacific. Winship is credited with the first recorded entry into Humboldt Bay by sea, in June 1806. Winship Point and O'Cain Point in the South Shetland Islands are named for Winship and his vessel.

The War of 1812 led Winship to seek refuge in China, where he acquired horticultural skills. In 1820 he and his brother Francis founded a horticultural company, and later he played a key role in the founding of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society.
Automedusa
In Greek mythology, Automedusa (Ancient Greek: Αὐτομεδούση or Αὐτομέδουσα) was a Megarian princess as the daughter of King Alcathous either by his first wife, Pyrgo or second spouse, Evaechme, daughter of King Megareus of Megara. Thus, she was the sister of Ischepolis, Callipolis, Iphinoe and Periboea. Automedusa married Heracles's half-brother Iphicles and had by him a son Iolaus, who became the charioteer of Heracles.

Iphicles
In Greek mythology, Iphicles (/ˈɪfɪˌkliːz/ or /ˈaɪfɪˌkliːz/; Ancient Greek: Ἰφικλῆς Iphiklēs), also called Iphiclus, was the maternal half-twin brother of Heracles and one of the Calydonian boar hunters.
Tiger Stadium (Detroit)
Tiger Stadium, previously known as Navin Field and  Briggs Stadium, was a multi-use stadium located in the Corktown neighborhood of Detroit, Michigan, United States. The stadium was nicknamed "The Corner" for its location at the intersection of Michigan and Trumbull Avenues. It hosted the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1912 to 1999, as well as the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) from 1938 to 1939, 1941 to 1974. Tiger Stadium was declared a State of Michigan Historic Site in 1975 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

The last Tigers game at the stadium was held on September 27, 1999. In the decade after the Tigers vacated the stadium, several rejected redevelopment and preservation efforts finally gave way to the stadium's demolition, which was completed on September 21, 2009. The former playing field remained until 2018, when the site was redeveloped for youth sports as the Corner Ballpark.

Ernie Harwell
William Earnest Harwell (January 25, 1918 – May 4, 2010) was an American sportscaster, known for his long career calling play-by-play of Major League Baseball games.  For 55 seasons, 42 of them with the Detroit Tigers, Harwell broadcast the action on radio and/or television. In January 2009, the American Sportscasters Association ranked him 16th on its list of Top 50 Sportscasters of All Time.
Šilopaj
Šilopaj is a village in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 135 people.

The village was active in the Serbian Revolution, being organized into the knežina (administrative unit) of Kačer during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13). The knez Stojan Alempijević and Todor Ivanović were from Šilopaj.

Kačer (region)
Kačer (Serbian: Качер) is a historical subregion (or microregion) in Šumadija in central Serbia. The most notable settlements are Ljig, Belanovica and Rudnik. It was a knežina (administrative unit) in Revolutionary Serbia and was then organized as a srez of the Rudnik okrug in the Principality of Serbia.
Paula Wessely
Paula Anna Maria Wessely (20 January 1907 – 11 May 2000) was an Austrian theatre and film actor. Die Wessely (literally "The Wessely"), as she was affectionately called by her admirers and fans, was Austria's foremost popular postwar actress.

Episode (film)
Episode is an Austrian film from 1935. It belongs to the popular Austrian light romantic comedy genre known as the Wiener Film, but also contains, for a film of this genre, unusually serious social comment. It was written and produced by Walter Reisch. The film has a particular importance in German-language film history as the only Austrian film with a Jewish producer that was permitted to be imported and shown in Nazi Germany after 1933 and the ban on Jews working in the film industry.

The German premiere took place on 23 August 1935 in the Gloria-Palast in Berlin. The Austrian premiere was in a Vienna cinema on 13 September of the same year. It was first broadcast on television by the ARD on 2 December 1958. On 1 April 1994 it was released on VHS video.
Marmousets
The marmousets (referred to as les petites gens) is a nickname, first recorded in the chronicles of Jean Froissart, for a group of counselors to Charles VI of France. Although they were neither princes nor civil servants, they were very close to the king. Thanks to this position, they were able to access the highest functions of the state. These men were endowed with another quality, the solidarity between them. Chosen by Charles VI in 1388, they vowed to remain united and friends.

Jean de Montagu
Jean de Montagu or Jean de Montaigu (c.1363, Paris – Paris, 17 October 1409), was a royal secretary to Charles V, and subsequently an administrator and advisor to Charles VI of France, who became a leading figure in France during the early 15th Century.
Wanaque River
The Wanaque River (Native American for "place of the sassafras") is a tributary of the Pequannock River in Passaic County in northern New Jersey in the United States.

Once known as the Long Pond River, the source of the Wanaque River is Greenwood Lake, once known as Long Pond (not to be confused with the nearby village of Greenwood Lake in the state of New York).

Both Greenwood Lake and the surrounding Sterling Forest watershed straddle the border of the states of New Jersey and New York.

Downstream, the construction of dams at Monks and Wanaque created the Monksville and Wanaque reservoirs, respectively.

From the Raymond Dam of the Wanaque Reservoir, the river flows to its confluence with the Pequannock River.

Wanaque Reservoir
Wanaque Reservoir is a man-made lake located within Wanaque and Ringwood, New Jersey along the Wanaque River. The reservoir came into being in 1928 by the construction of the Raymond Dam along the river in Wanaque.  Besides the Wanaque River, the reservoir receives water from two diversions:  the Pompton Lakes intake, which takes water from the Ramapo River, and the Two Bridges intake, which takes water from the Pompton River. It is the second largest reservoir in New Jersey by volume, after Round Valley Reservoir. It is the second largest body of water in New Jersey by area, after Lake Hopatcong.
SEAT 133
The SEAT 133 is a small rear-engined car designed and sold by SEAT in Spain from 1974 until 1979, and until 1982 to export markets. The car used the chassis and engine of the by then defunct Fiat/SEAT 850 and featured a new body in the style of the smaller Fiat 126.

SEAT
SEAT S.A. (English: /ˈseɪɑːt/; Spanish: [ˈseat]; from Spanish Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo, lit. 'Spanish Passenger Car Company') is a Spanish car manufacturer that sells its vehicles under the SEAT and Cupra brands. Founded on 9 May 1950, it was created as a joint venture between Spain's government-owned Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI), which held a majority stake, Spanish private banks, and Fiat. After being listed as an independent automaker for 36 years, the Spanish government sold SEAT to the Volkswagen Group in 1986, and it remains a fully owned subsidiary of the Group.

The headquarters of SEAT S.A. is located in Martorell, near Barcelona, at the company's industrial complex. Over 468,000 units were produced in 2020 with more than 427,000 cars exported to over 75 countries worldwide.
C.D. Arrifanense
Clube Desportivo Arrifanense is a Portuguese football club from Arrifana, Santa Maria da Feira. Founded in 1931, the club currently plays at the Estádio Maria Carolina Leite Resende Garcia which holds a capacity of 4,000. The club is currently sponsored by Lacatoni and Ramitex.

Arrifana (Santa Maria da Feira)
Arrifana (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐʁiˈfɐnɐ]) is a Portuguese parish, located in the municipality of Santa Maria da Feira. The population in 2011 was 6,551, in an area of 5.29 km2. Its local inhabitants are known as Arrifanense.
Flint glass
Flint glass is optical glass that has relatively high refractive index and low Abbe number (high dispersion).  Flint glasses are arbitrarily defined as having an Abbe number of 50 to 55 or less.   The currently known flint glasses have refractive indices ranging between 1.45 and 2.00.

Traditionally, flint glasses were lead glasses containing around 4–60% lead(II) oxide; however, the manufacture and disposal of these glasses were sources of pollution.

In many modern flint glasses, lead oxides are replaced with other metal oxides such as titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide without significantly altering the optical properties of the glass.

Chromatic aberration
In optics, chromatic aberration (CA), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements varies with the wavelength of light. The refractive index of most transparent materials decreases with increasing wavelength. Since the focal length of a lens depends on the refractive index, this variation in refractive index affects focusing. Since the focal length of the lens varies with the color of the light, different colors of light are brought to focus at different distances from the lens or with different levels of magnification. Chromatic aberration manifests itself as "fringes" of color along boundaries that separate dark and bright parts of the image.