hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patty Judge
Patty Jean Judge (née Poole; born November 2, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 45th lieutenant governor of Iowa from 2007 to 2011 and the 13th secretary of agriculture of Iowa from 1999 to 2007. She unsuccessfully ran for reelection as lieutenant governor in 2010 after being elected to the office in 2006 with Chet Culver as governor.

2006 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 2006 Iowa gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 2006. The incumbent governor, Tom Vilsack, a Democrat, had served two terms and decided not to seek a third term. In the election, Chet Culver defeated Jim Nussle to win the governorship, by a margin of  54% to 44%.

As of 2025, this was the last time a Democrat won the governorship of Iowa. This election marks the first time Democrats won three consecutive gubernatorial elections in the state since 1966, and the only time Democrats have ever done so for four-year terms.
Undiscovered Country
Undiscovered Country is a 1979 Tom Stoppard play first produced at the Olivier Theatre in London. The play is an adaptation of Das weite Land by the Austrian playwright Arthur Schnitzler, which focuses on 1890s Viennese society, demonstrating the effects of upper class codes of behavior on human relationships. The main character is a self-made businessman named Friedrich Hofreiter who manages to be both charming and chauvinistic. Stoppard's alterations to the play consist of adding humor while lessening the melodrama. The title of the play is a reference to the concept of the afterlife as the "undiscovered country" from the "To be, or not to be" soliloquy in Hamlet.

Arthur Schnitzler
Arthur Schnitzler (15 May 1862 – 21 October 1931) was an Austrian author and dramatist. He is considered one of the most significant representatives of Viennese Modernism. Schnitzler’s works, which include psychological dramas and narratives, dissected turn-of-the-century Viennese bourgeois life, making him a sharp and stylistically conscious chronicler of Viennese society around 1900. Schnitzler's Jewish upbringing and the sexual content of his works made them controversial or banned in his time and beyond.
The Cowards
The Cowards (originally Zbabělci) is a Czech novel by Josef Škvorecký. Written in 1948–49 but not published until 1958, it is a story from the very end of the Second World War in Europe. Narrated in the first person by a Czech at the end of his teens, Danny Smiřický, it takes place in the week 4–11 May 1945 in his home town, a fictional town called Kostelec in northeast Bohemia, close to the frontier with then-German Middle Silesia (now part of Poland).

Škvorecký's prose is mostly narrative and immediate. This is interspersed with introspective passages in which Danny thinks in long sentences of many clauses representing the movement of his mind from one related thought to another.

Josef Škvorecký
Josef Škvorecký CM (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjozɛf ˈʃkvorɛtskiː] ⓘ; September 27, 1924 – January 3, 2012) was a Czech-Canadian writer and publisher. He spent half of his life in Canada, publishing and supporting banned Czech literature during the communist era. Škvorecký was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1980. He and his wife were long-time supporters of Czech dissident writers before the fall of communism in that country. Škvorecký's fiction deals with several themes: the horrors of totalitarianism and repression, the expatriate experience, and the miracle of jazz.
Sally (Kerbdog song)
"Sally" is a song by Kerbdog, released as a single on September 30, 1996, taken from their 1995 album On the Turn that was recorded in 1995 by GGGarth at Sound City Studios and A&M Studios in Los Angeles. The single was released on three different CD singles, each with two different B-sides, all of which were recorded in 1996 by Pete Hofman. A promo video for "Sally" was also filmed in London.

Kerbdog
Kerbdog were an alternative metal band from Kilkenny, Ireland, formed in 1991. Following two albums released on Mercury Records, the band split up in 1998. Since 2005, they have reformed for a series of occasional one-off performances. In 2012, a live album entitled Congregation was recorded and released in October 2014.
George Lovejoy
George Lovejoy (15 December 1923 – 4 February 2003) was an Australian radio sports commentator who is known for his broadcasts of Queensland rugby league football matches in the 1950s and 1960s. He called rugby league for 19 years – 652 games straight – and coined the phrase 'the greatest game of all'.

Nicknamed "Mr Football", Lovejoy worked for the 4BH station and was a household name in Queensland in the days before television was widespread. A plaque commemorating his career adorns Suncorp Stadium's Sports Media Hall of Fame.

The Australian Society of Sports History's annual George Lovejoy Memorial lecture is named after him and was inaugurated in 2009. Delivered in Brisbane, it is in the same mould as New South Wales' Tom Brock Lecture.

4BH
4BH is a radio station in Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. It broadcasts on a frequency is 1116 kHz in the AM radio band and is simulcasted in DAB+ on channel 9B. It is owned by Nine Entertainment and run under a lease agreement by Ace Radio.

From Friday, 8 October 2021, 4BH moved to 1116 kHz, formerly used by its sister station, 4BC, with that station moving to 882 kHz, which 4BH used.
Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang
Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang (French pronunciation: [mozak e ɡʁɑ̃ kastɑ̃]; Occitan: Mausac e Grand Castanh) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Mauzac station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda.

Mauzac station
Mauzac is a railway station in Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Libourne - Le Buisson railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.
48 Shades
48 Shades (titled Australian Pie: Naked Love in the United States) is a 2006 Australian comedy film by debut director Daniel Lapaine, starring Richard Wilson, Emma Lung, Robin McLeavy, and Victoria Thaine. It is based on Nick Earls's popular 1999 novel 48 Shades of Brown.

It was filmed in Brisbane, Australia. School scenes from the film were filmed in the real-life Brisbane Boys' College. The book on which the film is based has also been adapted into a play for La Boite Theatre Company.

Daniel Lapaine
Daniel Lapaine (born 15 June 1971) is an Australian stage, film and television actor, living in London. He first came to prominence in 1994, playing South African swimmer David Van Arkle in Muriel's Wedding (1994). He also works as a writer and director.

Other acting credits include 54 (1998), The 10th Kingdom (2000), Helen of Troy (2003), Death on the Nile (2004), Jericho (2006), Moon Shot (2009), Zero Dark Thirty (2012), Black Mirror (2011 & 2017), Versailles (2015), Catastrophe (2015), The Durrells (2017), Upright (2019–2022), and Queen of Oz (2023).
Nakanokuchi, Niigata
Nakanokuchi (中之口村, Nakanokuchi-mura) was a village located in Nishikanbara District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2005, the village had an estimated population of 6,613 and a density of 328.03 persons per km2. The total area was 20.16 km2.

On March 21, 2005, Nakanokuchi, along with the cities of Niitsu, Shirone and Toyosaka, the towns of Kameda, Kosudo and Yokogoshi (all from Nakakanbara District), the town of Nishikawa, and the villages of Ajikata, Iwamuro, Katahigashi and Tsukigata (all from Nishikanbara District), was merged into the expanded city of Niigata. As of April 1, 2007, the area is now part of Nishikan-ku ward (西蒲区, Nishikan-ku).

Nishikan-ku, Niigata
Nishikan-ku (西蒲区, Nishikan-ku) is one of the eight wards of Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture, in the Hokuriku region of Japan. As of 1 June 2016, the ward had an estimated population of 55,963 in 20,369 households  and a population density of 320 persons per km². The total area of the ward was 176.55 square kilometres (68.17 sq mi).
Otto Gold
Otto Gold (18 May 1909 – 7 April 1977) was a Czechoslovak figure skater and coach.

Gold, who competed in men's singles, won the silver medal at the 1930 European Figure Skating Championships in Berlin.

He began coaching in 1932. He coached Sonia Henie at the 1935 World Figure Skating Championships.

In 1937, he moved to Ontario, Canada, where he began a four-decade coaching career at the Minto Skating Club. He was one of the first coaches of 1948 Olympic champion Barbara Ann Scott, and also worked in Vancouver, Connecticut and Lake Placid. He has been recognised for raising the level of figure skating in North America.

In April 1977, Gold died in a Toronto hospital from injuries caused by a fire at his apartment.

His daughter, Frances Gold Lynn, was a figure skater who placed fourth at the 1962 U.S. Figure Skating Championships and later became a coach. He was inducted into the Canadian Figure Skating Hall of Fame in its inaugural class of 1990.

Barbara Ann Scott
Barbara Ann Scott OC OOnt (May 9, 1928 – September 30, 2012) was a Canadian figure skater. She was the 1948 Olympic champion, a two-time World champion (1947–1948), and a four-time Canadian national champion (1944–46, 48) in ladies' singles. Known as "Canada's Sweetheart", she is the only Canadian to have won the Olympic ladies' singles gold medal, the first North American to have won three major titles in one year and the only Canadian to have won the European Championship (1947–48). During her forties she was rated among the top equestrians in North America. She received many honours and accolades, including being made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1991 and a member of the Order of Ontario in 2008.
Katy Trail State Park
The Katy Trail State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Missouri that contains the Katy Trail, the country's longest continuous recreational rail trail. It runs 240 miles (390 km), largely along the northern bank of the Missouri River, in the former right-of-way of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad. Open year-round from sunrise to sunset, it serves hikers, joggers, and cyclists. Its hard, flat surface is of "limestone pug" (crushed limestone).

The nickname "Katy" comes from the phonetic pronunciation of "KT", a short form of the railroad's abbreviated name, MKT. Sections of the Katy are also part of the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail and the American Discovery Trail.

Rail trail
A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed; in addition, rails with trails share the rail corridor with active railways, light rail or with disused track. As shared-use paths, rail trails are primarily for non-motorised traffic including pedestrians, bicycles, horseback riders, skaters and cross-country skiers, although snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles may be allowed. The characteristics of abandoned railways lend themselves to rail trails and account for their popularity; these include gentle grades, well-engineered rights of way and structures (bridges and tunnels), and passage through historical areas. Many rail trails are long-distance trails, while some shorter rail trails are known as greenways or linear parks.
Short Circuit (video game)
Short Circuit is a video game based on the 1986 film of the same name. It was developed and published by British company Ocean Software, and was released in Europe in 1987, for Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 (C64), and ZX Spectrum. It was published again in 1989 as a budget re-release.

Ocean Software
Ocean Software Limited was a British software development company that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s.

The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester. Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of home computer systems such as the ZX Spectrum, Oric 1, Commodore 64, Dragon 32/64, MSX, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 16, Atari ST, Amiga, IBM PC, BBC Micro and video game consoles, such as the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Master System, and Sega Genesis/Mega Drive.
Peugeot Flux
The Peugeot Flux is a concept car from Peugeot that won the 2007 Peugeot International Design Competition after being unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show that year.

The car was designed by a 20-year-old Romanian, Mihai Panaitescu. Panaitescu said he wanted to create a car where “the occupants are always in contact with their surroundings” and that the car was intended to be used “as an explorer of sandy beaches, sweeping mountain roads, or simply commuting in the city”.

The vehicle was powered by hydrogen, with the powerplant mounted in the back and the tank in the front bonnet. The body of the Flux uses plastic body panels, polyurethane seats and an aluminium chassis. The Flux also featured as downloadable content for Project Gotham Racing 4 (2007), in which an Xbox 360 console can be seen on the right-hand side of the dashboard.

Peugeot auctioned the car in September 2020.

Project Gotham Racing 4
Project Gotham Racing 4 is a 2007 racing video game developed by Bizarre Creations and published by Microsoft Game Studios. The fourth main title of the Project Gotham Racing series, it was released exclusively for the Xbox 360 in October 2007. New features included weather effects, Bulldog mode, and the inclusion of motorcycles. Like its predecessors, PGR4 was a critical and commercial success, however it would be the final title in the series, with Bizarre having since been acquired by Activision, and announcing that Project Gotham Racing 4 would be their last game produced for distribution by Microsoft Game Studios.
Chitake River
The Chitake River flows through the Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe, and has its source in the  Zambezi Escarpment. The source is a perennial spring at the foothills, which flows for 1 kilometre within the canyon walls. The river discharges into the Rukomechi River.

There is a major fossil site on the Chitake River, where large numbers of Syntarsus rhodesiensis have been found.

Source: 16°10′30″S 29°35′13″E﻿ / ﻿16.17500°S 29.58694°E﻿ / -16.17500; 29.58694
Mouth: 16°04′32″S 29°24′46″E﻿ / ﻿16.07556°S 29.41278°E﻿ / -16.07556; 29.41278

Megapnosaurus
Megapnosaurus (meaning "big dead lizard", from Greek μέγα = "big", ἄπνοος = "not breathing", "dead", σαῦρος = "lizard") is an extinct genus of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 188 million years ago during the early part of the Jurassic Period in what is now Africa. The species was a small to medium-sized, lightly built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore, that could grow up to 2.2 m (7.2 ft) long and weigh up to 13 kg (29 lb).

It was originally given the genus name Syntarsus, but that name was later determined to be preoccupied by a beetle. The species was subsequently given a new genus name, Megapnosaurus, by Ivie, Ślipiński & Węgrzynowicz in 2001. Some studies have classified it as a species within the genus Coelophysis, but this interpretation has been challenged by more subsequent studies and the genus Megapnosaurus is now considered valid.
Futsal-Regionalliga Süd
The Futsal-Regionalliga Süd is the highest German futsal league. It consists of 10 teams and was introduced in the 2015–16 season with seven teams. The winner of each Futsal-Regionalliga takes part in the Deutsche Futsal-Meisterschaft to determine the German champion at the end of the season. The second-placed team has the chance to qualify for the Deutsche Futsal-Meisterschaft through a playoff round. The bottom teams of the Regionalliga are relegated directly or compete in a relegation playoff round. The Futsal-Regionalliga Süd is organised by the Southern German Football Association and includes the Federal States of Bavaria, Hessia and Baden-Wurttemberg.

TSV Weilimdorf
TSV Weilimdorf (officially: TSV Weilimdorf 1948 e.V.) is a German sports and leisure club.

The Futsal team became German champion in 2019 and 2021 and is a founding member of the Futsal Bundesliga, the highest German league in the futsal from the 2021/22 season.
Execution (The Twilight Zone)
"Execution" is episode 26 of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. It features Albert Salmi, who also plays the lead character in the Season 4 episode "Of Late I Think of Cliffordville".

Albert Salmi
Albert Salmi (March 11, 1927 – April 22, 1990) was an American actor of stage, film, and television. Best known for his work as a character actor, he appeared in over 150 film and television productions.
When the Haar Rolls In
When the Haar Rolls In is the fourth studio album by James Yorkston. The haar in the title is also a metaphor for depression.

Released on 1 September 2008 in the UK, the album was available on double 10" vinyl, CD, and a limited edition discbox set which features the original album in CD and 10" vinyl format, a disc of remixes of Yorkston's songs and a disc of covers of Yorkston's songs.

Norma Waterson, Mike Waterson and Marry Waterson feature on the album.

James Yorkston
James Yorkston (born James Patrick Yorkston Wright; 21 December 1971) is a Scottish folk musician, singer-songwriter and author from the village of Kingsbarns, Fife. He has been releasing music since 2001. As well as recording as a solo artist, he has released music with his backing band the Athletes, as part of the Fence Collective, and as a member of the trio Yorkston/Thorne/Khan. He has also written fiction and non-fiction books.
Edgar Adrian
Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian OM FRS (30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977) was an English electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons. He provided experimental evidence for the all-or-none law of nerves.

All-or-none law
In physiology, the all-or-none law (sometimes the all-or-none principle or all-or-nothing law) is the principle that if a single nerve fibre is stimulated, it will always give a maximal response and produce an electrical impulse of a single amplitude. If the intensity or duration of the stimulus is increased, the height of the impulse will remain the same. The nerve fibre either gives a maximal response or none at all.

It was first established by the American physiologist Henry Pickering Bowditch in 1871 for the contraction of heart muscle.

An induction shock produces a contraction or fails to do so according to its strength; if it does so at all, it produces the greatest contraction that can be produced by any strength of stimulus in the condition of the muscle at the time.

This principle was later found to be present in skeletal muscle by Keith Lucas in 1909. The individual fibres of nerves also respond to stimulation according to the all-or-none principle.
Peter Kelly Gaudreault
Peter Kelly Gaudreault is a Canadian actor and writer, most noted for his regular role as RCMP officer James Harper in the television series North of 60. He received a Gemini Award nomination for Best Lead Actor in a Dramatic Program or Miniseries at the 14th Gemini Awards in 1999, for the North of 60 spinoff film In the Blue Ground.

He later had a regular role as Ollie Frenette in the television series Rabbit Fall.

In 2009 he published the children's book With a Hug and a Listen, a story based on his own young son's first day at school.

14th Gemini Awards
The Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's 14th Gemini Awards were held on November 7, 1999, to honour achievements in Canadian television. The awards show, which was hosted by Rick Mercer, took place at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre and was broadcast on CBC Television.
Jon Jarl
Jon Jarl was a Swedish jarl at the end of the 12th and in the early 13th centuries. He is mentioned in Erik's Chronicle from the 1320s to have spent years fighting against Russians and Ingrians in the early Swedish–Novgorodian Wars.

According to 15th-century historian Ericus Olai, he was murdered at his home in Asknäs in Ekerö parish by the Lake Mälaren in 1206, allegedly by Russian pirates.

According to Erik's Chronicle, Jon Jarl was a Swedish earl in the east tasked with the protection of the kingdom against Russians and Ingrians. Sven Tunberg considers it likely that the earl belonged to the Sverker family and that he was King Sverker the Younger's "Finnish earl" for nine years.

Jarl
Jarl (/jɑːl/) was a rank of the nobility in Scandinavia during the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. The institution evolved over time and varied by region. In Old Norse, it meant "chieftain", specifically one appointed to rule a territory in a king's stead. It could also denote a sovereign prince. For example: During the Viking age the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway held the title of jarl, often wielding no less power than their neighboring kings. In later medieval Sweden and Norway there was typically only one jarl in the kingdom, second in authority only to the king. The title became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by the rank of duke (hertig/hertug/hertog). The word is etymologically related to the English earl.
Kolopom languages
The Kolopom languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005). Along with the Mombum languages, they are the languages spoken on Kolepom Island (Yos Sudarso Island) in South Papua, Indonesia.

Mombum languages
The Mombum languages, also known as the Komolom or Muli Strait languages, are a pair of Trans–New Guinea languages, Mombum (Komolom) and Koneraw, spoken on Komolom Island just off Yos Sudarso Island, and on the southern coast of Yos Sudarso Island, respectively, on the southern coast of New Guinea. Komolom Island is at the southern end of the Muli Strait.
Dicle University
Dicle University (Turkish: Dicle Üniversitesi, Kurdish: Zanîngeha Dîcleyê) is a public university located in Diyarbakır, Turkey, and one of the largest higher education institution. Vocational schools are located in Ergani, Çermik, Çüngüş, Bismil, and Silvan

Silvan, Diyarbakır
Silvan (Kurdish: Farqîn; Ottoman Turkish: ميا فارقين, romanized: Meyafarikîn, Armenian: Սիլվան, romanized: Silvan) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,252 km2, and its population is 86,161 (2022). It is populated by Kurds.
Zhuganpo Formation
The Zhuganpo Formation is a Triassic geologic unit found in southern China. It has historically been known as the Zhuganpo Member of the Falang Formation. A diverse fossil assemblage known as the Xingyi biota or Xingyi Fauna can be found in the upper part of the Zhuganpo Formation. Fossils of the Xingyi biota include articulated skeletons of marine reptiles, abundant fish, and a plentiful assortment of invertebrates indicating a Ladinian to Carnian age for the sediments of the formation.

Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian. Its boundaries are not characterized by major extinctions or biotic turnovers, but a climatic event (known as the Carnian pluvial episode characterized by substantial rainfall) occurred during the Carnian and seems to be associated with important extinctions or biotic radiations. Another extinction occurred at the Carnian-Norian boundary, ending the Carnian age.
2022 Kentucky House of Representatives election
The 2022 Kentucky House of Representatives election was held on November 8, 2022. The Republican and Democratic primary elections were held on May 17. All 100 seats of the house were up for election. Republicans increased their majority in the chamber, gaining five seats.

A numbered map of the house districts can be viewed here.

Michael Pollock (politician)
Michael Edward "Sarge" Pollock (born May 27, 1966) is an American politician and Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Kentucky's 51st House district since November 2021. His district comprises Marion and Taylor counties.