hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caprotinia
The Caprotinia, or feasts of Juno Caprotina, were ancient Roman festivals which were celebrated on July 7, in favor of the female slaves. During this solemnity, they ran about, beating themselves with their fists and with rods. None but women assisted in the sacrifices offered at this feast.

Plutarch's Life of Numa and Life of Camillus offer two possible origins for this feast, or the famous Nonae Caprotinae or Poplifugium. Firstly—and, in Plutarch's opinion, most likely—it commemorates the mysterious disappearance of Romulus during a violent thunderstorm that interrupted an assembly in the Palus Caprae ("Goats' Marsh"). Secondly, it commemorates a Roman victory by Camillus over the Latins; according to a minor tradition, a Roman serving maid or slave dressed as a noblewoman and surrendered herself to the Latins as hostage; that night, she climbed a wild fig-tree (caprificus, literally "goat-fig") and gave the Romans a torchlight signal to attack.

Palus Caprae
The Palus Caprae (or Capreae; meaning "Goat Marsh" or "the Goat's pool") was a site within the Campus Martius in Ancient Rome. In Roman mythology, the Palus Caprae was the place where Romulus underwent ascension into godhood.
St Thomas' Church, Strasbourg
St Thomas' Church (French: Église Saint-Thomas, German: Thomaskirche) is a historic building in Strasbourg, eastern France. It is the main Lutheran church of the city since its cathedral became Catholic again after the annexation of the town by France in 1681. It is nicknamed the "Protestant Cathedral" (la cathédrale du Protestantisme alsacien, Kathedrale der Protestanten) or the Old Lady (Die alte Dame), and the only example of a hall church in the Alsace region. The building is located on the Route Romane d'Alsace. It is classified as a Monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1862. Its congregation forms part of the Protestant Church of Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine.

Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine
The Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine (French: Église protestante de la Confession d’Augsbourg d’Alsace et de Lorraine, EPCAAL; German: Protestantische Kirche Augsburgischen Bekenntnisses von Elsass und Lothringen, Kirche A.B. von Elsass und Lothringen; Alsatian: d' Protäschtàntischa Kìrch vum Augsburigischa Bekänntniss vum Elsàss ùn Lothringa) is a Lutheran church of public-law corporation status (établissement public du culte) in France. The ambit of the EPCAAL comprises congregations in Alsace and the Lorrain Moselle department.
Monarda fistulosa
Monarda fistulosa, the wild bergamot or bee balm, is a wildflower in the mint family Lamiaceae, widespread and abundant as a native plant in much of North America. This plant, with showy summer-blooming pink to lavender flowers, is often used as a honey plant, medicinal plant, and garden ornamental.  The species is quite variable, and several subspecies or varieties have been recognized within it. Despite its name, it has no relation to the 'true' bergamot, a citrus fruit.

Bergamot orange
Citrus bergamia, commonly known as the bergamot orange (pronounced /ˈbɜːrɡəmɒt/), is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green colour similar to a lime, depending on ripeness.

Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cultivars found bergamot orange to be a probable hybrid of lemon (itself a hybrid between bitter orange and citron) and bitter orange. Extracts have been used as an aromatic ingredient in food, tea, snus, perfumes, and cosmetics. Use on the skin can increase photosensitivity, resulting in greater damage from sun exposure.
Bari Grand Prix
The Bari Grand Prix was a Grand Prix road race, held in Bari, Italy, between 1947 and 1956. The course was 3.449 miles (6 km) and, except for 1956, was run in an anticlockwise direction. In 1953 the race was not contested.

Grand Prix motor racing
Grand Prix motor racing, a form of motorsport competition, has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as early as 1894. It quickly evolved from simple road races from one town to the next, to endurance tests for car and driver. Innovation and the drive of competition soon saw speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), but because early races took place on open roads, accidents occurred frequently, resulting in deaths both of drivers and of spectators. A common abbreviation used for Grand Prix racing is "GP" or "GP racing".

The Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus, founded in Paris, on 20 June 1904, reorganised as Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), in 1947, headquartered in Paris. Each event of the Formula One World Championships is still called a Grand Prix; Formula One is also referred to as "Grand Prix racing". Some IndyCar championship races are also called "Grands Prix".
Leigh railway station
Leigh railway station is on the Redhill to Tonbridge Line and serves Leigh in Kent, England. It is 39 miles 56 chains (39.70 miles, 63.89 km) measured from London Charing Cross  via Redhill. Train services are operated by Southern.

Leigh, Kent
Leigh (/ˈlaɪ/), historically spelled Lyghe, is a village and a civil parish located in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England. It is located six miles (10 km) south of Sevenoaks town and three miles (5 km) west of Tonbridge.

There is a large village green; nearby is Hall Place, once Leigh Hall, occasionally open to the public, built in 1876. The parish church (13th century) is dedicated to St Mary.
Tragedy at the Royal Circus
Tragedy at the Royal Circus (German: Tragödie im Zirkus Royal) is a 1928 German silent drama film directed by Alfred Lind and starring Bernhard Goetzke, Ellen Kürti, and Werner Pittschau.

The film's art direction was by Willi Herrmann and Bernhard Schwidewski

Alfred Lind
Søren Estrup Alfred Lind (27 March 1879 – 29 April 1959) was a Danish cinematographer, screenwriter, and film director of the silent era. Lind was a prominent director in early Scandinavian cinema, and also worked in the German film industry. He is believed to have shot the earliest surviving footage of Iceland from 1906.
Zobel-class fast attack craft
The Type 142 Zobel class was a German class of torpedo bearing fast attack craft (torpedo boats). They were in service with the Bundesmarine during the Cold War to protect the Baltic sea coast. The class was designed by Lürssen.

The Zobel class was replaced by the Type 143A Gepard class, they were the last fast attack craft with only torpedoes as main armament, all later classes have anti-ship missiles.

The Kartal-class fast attack craft of the Turkish Navy is an advanced version of the Zobel class; vessels of this class are armed with Penguin anti-ship missiles and mines in addition to torpedoes.

Kartal-class fast attack craft
The Kartal class is a class of fast attack missile and torpedo boats of the Turkish Navy.

The vessels of this class were built by Lürssen Werft in Germany, and were based on the Zobel class. However, unlike the Zobel class, which were armed with only torpedoes, the Kartal class are armed with missiles and torpedoes, and can carry up to four mines.

TCG Kartal was the first vessel of the class to be launched, but TCG Denizkuşu was the first to be delivered and commissioned. TCG Meltem sank after colliding with the Soviet training ship Khasan in 1985. Meltem was salvaged, but never repaired.
The Nextmen
The Nextmen is a UK production/songwriting/DJ duo consisting of Dom Search (a.k.a. Dominic Betmead) and Brad Baloo (a.k.a. Brad Ellis). They combine hip hop, drum & bass, dub, pop, soul, and other electronic and indie genres into their sounds, and have worked with artists from the UK and US.

Zarif (singer)
Zarif Davidson, known professionally as Zarif or Mona Lisa Veto, is an English singer-songwriter and musician whose music incorporates soul, funk, and pop. She performs with a nine-piece band and sometimes plays keyboard and guitar.
Sarsai Nawar Wetland
Sarsai Nawar Wetland, also known as Sarsai Nawar Jheel is a bird sanctuary in Sarsai Nawar, Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh, India.  It aims to conserve waterbirds, notably the Sarus Crane. It has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2019.

Etawah district
Etawah district is one of the districts in the western portion of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Etawah town is the district headquarters. The district covers an area of 2311 km2. It has a population of 1,581,810.
Sequential decoding
Recognised by John Wozencraft, sequential decoding is a limited memory technique for decoding tree codes.   Sequential decoding is mainly used as an approximate decoding algorithm for long constraint-length convolutional codes.  This approach may not be as accurate as the Viterbi algorithm but can save a substantial amount of computer memory. It was used to decode a convolutional code in 1968 Pioneer 9 mission.

Sequential decoding explores the tree code in such a way to try to minimise the computational cost and memory requirements to store the tree.

There is a range of sequential decoding approaches based on the choice of metric and algorithm.  Metrics include:

Fano metric

Zigangirov metric

Gallager metric

Algorithms include:

Stack algorithm

Fano algorithm

Creeper algorithm

Robert Fano
Roberto Mario "Robert" Fano (11 November 1917 – 13 July 2016) was an Italian-American computer scientist and professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He became a student and working lab partner to Claude Shannon, whom he admired zealously and assisted in the early years of information theory.
Lustenau railway station
Lustenau railway station (German: Bahnhof Lustenau) is a railway station in the town of Lustenau, located in the district of Dornbirn in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge St. Margrethen–Lauterach line of Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB). It is situated at the Austria–Switzerland border.

Vorarlberg S-Bahn
Vorarlberg S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Vorarlberg) is a label for regional rail services in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. The S-Bahn services also connect to stations in the German town of Lindau, the Swiss towns of St. Margrethen and Buchs, and the Principality of Liechtenstein.

It is integrated into the Vorarlberg Transport Association (VVV), which manages ticket pricing. Liechtenstein and northeastern Switzerland are within the Ostwind Transport Association transit district. The services are operated by the state-owned Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB), THURBO (a subsidiary of Swiss Federal Railways) and the privately owned Montafonerbahn (mbs).

Three services (S1, S3, R5) are part of a transnational railway network around Lake Constance (Bodensee) marketed as Bodensee S-Bahn.
Jan Karłowicz
Jan Aleksander Ludwik August Karłowicz (May 28, 1836 – June 14, 1903) was Polish ethnographer, musicologist, composer, linguist, folklorist, lexicographer, dialectologist, one of the first Lithuanianists.

Karłowicz was a correspondent of Belarusian ethnographer and folklorist Stefania Ulanowska.

Stefania Ulanowska
Stefania Ulanowska (née Bolewska; Belarusian: Стэфанія Уланоўская, c. 1839 – aft. 1912) was a Belarusian ethnographer, folklorist and writer. She is most known for her work on Latvian culture and the Latgalian language.
Bulimulus sp. nov. 'nilsodhneri'
Bulimulus sp. nov. 'nilsodhneri'  is an undescribed species of  tropical air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Bulimulinae.

This species is endemic to Ecuador.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The specific name nilsodhneri is apparently in honor of Swedish malacologist Nils Hjalmar Odhner.

Nils Hjalmar Odhner
Nils Hjalmar Odhner (6 December 1884 – 12 June 1973) was a Swedish zoologist who studied mollusks, a malacologist. He was professor of invertebrate zoology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

He was the father of ambassador Bengt Odhner (1918–1990).
Cycling at the 2015 Pan American Games
Cycling competitions at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto were held July 10 to 25, 2015 at four different venues. The BMX competitions took place at the Centennial Park Pan Am BMX Centre in Toronto, the mountain biking competitions happened at the Hardwood Ski and Bike (Hardwood Mountain Bike Park) in Oro-Medonte, due to naming rights the venue was known as the latter for the duration of the games. The road races happened in the streets of Downtown Toronto with the start and finish being adjacent to the  Ontario Place West Channel. Finally the track cycling events occurred at the Milton Velodrome in Milton. The road cycling time trials happened in the streets surrounding the velodrome (Milton Time Trial Course).

Ontario Place West Channel
The Ontario Place West Channel, also known as the Toronto Western Beaches Watercourse is a "flat water" training and competition centre for rowing, paddling, and water sports located on the shoreline of Lake Ontario in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Highways Department
Highways Department is a government agency under the Transport and Logistics Bureau of the Government of Hong Kong. It is responsible for developing Hong Kong's road and railway network as well as road maintenance.

Transport and Logistics Bureau
Transport and Logistics Bureau (Chinese: 運輸及物流局) is a policy bureau for the Government of Hong Kong. It is responsible for the transport and logistics policy portfolios. The agency was established on 1 July 2022, when the housing portfolios of the former Transport and Housing Bureau was spun off to form the Housing Bureau. The current (since 1 July 2022) Secretary for Transport and Logistics is Lam Sai-hung.

This bureau was newly established under the re-organization of policy bureaux proposed by Carrie Lam, the fifth Chief Executive of Hong Kong, and was adopted by John Lee, the succeeding Chief Executive after Carrie Lam. On 19 June 2022, the Central People's Government announced the appointment of Lam Sai-hung, former Permanent Secretary for Development (Works), as the first Secretary for Transport and Logistics.
Brookhaven State Park
Brookhaven State Park is a 1,638-acre (6.63 km2) state park in Wading River and Ridge, New York, approximately 74 miles (119 km) east of New York City. Established in 1971, the park land was formerly the property of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Protecting a large amount of the Long Island Pine Barrens, the park also contains scattered wetlands.

Brookhaven State Park is located along the east side William Floyd Parkway, between NY 25 and NY 25A. The park contains 25 miles (40 km) of multi-use trails.

County Route 46 (Suffolk County, New York)
County Route 46 (CR 46) is a major county road in eastern Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. It runs south-to-north from CR 75 in Smith Point County Park (part of the Fire Island National Seashore) to New York State Route 25A (NY 25A) near the border of Shoreham and Wading River. The road is known as the William Floyd Parkway along its entire length, and is named after William Floyd, a Long Island native and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence. Despite its "parkway" designation within the State of New York, the road is open to commercial vehicles.
Trerulefoot
Trerulefoot (pronounced /ˈtruːlfʊt/, Cornish: Bentreriwall) is a village in southeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is located on the A38 trunk road approximately halfway between the towns of Saltash and Liskeard. Trerulefoot has a farm shop, two cafés and a petrol filling station.

Bethany is a small hamlet near to Trerulefoot at 50°24′58″N 4°21′58″W﻿ / ﻿50.416°N 4.366°W﻿ / 50.416; -4.366, named after the South Carolinian, Bethany Bishop.

A38 road
The A38, parts of which are known as Devon Expressway, Bristol Road and Gloucester Road, is a major A-class trunk road in England.

The road runs from Bodmin in Cornwall to Mansfield in Nottinghamshire. It is 292 miles (470 km) long, making it the longest two digit A road in England. It was formerly known as the Leeds–Exeter Trunk Road, when this description also included the A61. Before the opening of the M5 motorway in the 1960s and 1970s, the A38 formed the main "holiday route" from the Midlands to Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.

Considerable lengths of the road in the West Midlands closely follow Roman roads, including part of Icknield Street. Between Worcester and Birmingham the current A38 follows the line of a Saxon salt road.

For most of the length of the M5 motorway, the A38 road runs alongside it as a single carriageway road.
Forestport Reservoir
Forestport Reservoir is a reservoir located by Forestport, New York. The reservoir was created by the impoundment of the Black River. Fish species present in the reservoir are yellow perch, lake trout, pickerel, white sucker, rock bass, smallmouth bass, and brown bullhead. There is state owned beach launch off Route 28.

Forestport (hamlet), New York
Forestport is a hamlet located on NY 28 in the Town of Forestport in Oneida County, New York. It is located about 25 miles (40 km) north of Utica, New York. The Forestport Reservoir is located here and was created by the impoundment of the Black River, which flows north through the hamlet.
JYP Naiset
JYP Naiset or JYP Jyväskylä Naiset is a Finnish ice hockey team in the Naisten Mestis. Their home is the Jyväskylän harjoitusjäähalli ('Jyväskylä training ice hall') in Jyväskylä, Central Finland. JYP Naiset have won the Aurora Borealis Cup three times, in 1997, 1998, and 2016.

The team is the successor of two teams: JyP Hockey Team (HT) Naiset, which existed from 1989 to 2000 and used the name JYP Naiset during the period 1997 to 2000, and Jyväskylän Hockey Cats (JyHC), which was founded in 1996 and was known as the Cats Jyväskylä during 2004 to 2009 and JYP Naiset from 2009 to present. They are the women's representative team of the ice hockey club JYP Juniorit ry and are loosely affiliated with JYP Jyväskylä of the Liiga.

Mika Väärälä
Mika Väärälä (born 22 January 1988) is a Finnish ice hockey coach. He has served as assistant coach to Hokiklub Budapest in the German Women's Ice Hockey League (DFEL) since 2024. Väärälä was previously head coach of KalPa Naiset in the Naisten Liiga (NSML) during the 2022–23 and 2023–24 seasons.
Revolutionary wave
A revolutionary wave (sometimes revolutionary decade) is a series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a particular timespan. In many cases, past revolutions and revolutionary waves have inspired current ones, or an initial revolution has inspired other concurrent "affiliate revolutions" with similar aims.
The causes of revolutionary waves have become the subjects of study by historians and political philosophers, including Robert Roswell Palmer, Crane Brinton, Hannah Arendt, Eric Hoffer, and Jacques Godechot.

Writers and activists, including Justin Raimondo and Michael Lind, have used the phrase "revolutionary wave" to describe discrete revolutions happening within a short time-span.

Mark N. Katz
Mark N. Katz (born November 11, 1954) is a professor of government and politics at George Mason University Schar School of Policy and Government in Fairfax, Virginia, United States, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC.  He researches and teaches classes about Russian politics and foreign policy, revolution, and the "war on terror".
Tillman, South Carolina
Tillman is an unincorporated community in Jasper County, South Carolina, United States. The community is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 321 and South Carolina Highway 336, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west of Ridgeland. Tillman has a post office with ZIP code 29943, which opened on August 2, 1880.

Tillman School, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Tillman.

South Carolina Highway 336
South Carolina Highway 336 (SC 336) is a 13.590-mile (21.871 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Ridgeland with nearby U.S. Route 321 (US 321) and SC 462.
Wheat Field with a Lark
In 1887, while he was residing in Paris, Vincent van Gogh executed an oil painting commonly known as Wheat Field with a Lark. It is housed in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, where it is known as Korenveld met patrijs (English: Wheat field with partridge).

Its lower half shows a partially harvested field of wheat under a sky patterned with light clouds. Poppies and cornflowers wave in the wind alongside the crop. A lark takes flight towards the upper left of the canvas.

Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑŋˈɣɔx mʏˌzeːjʏm]) is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. The museum opened on 2 June 1973, and its buildings were designed by Gerrit Rietveld and Kisho Kurokawa.

The museum contains the largest collection of Van Gogh's paintings and drawings in the world. In 2017, the museum had 2.3 million visitors and was the most-visited museum in the Netherlands, and the 23rd-most-visited art museum in the world. In 2019, the Van Gogh Museum launched the Meet Vincent Van Gogh Experience, a technology-driven "immersive exhibition" on Van Gogh's life and works, which has toured globally.
Albin 79
The Albin 79 is a Swedish sailboat that was designed by Rolf Magnusson as an International Offshore Rule Quarter Ton class cruiser-racer and first built in 1974.

The Albin 79 designation indicates its length overall in decimetres.

Quarter Ton class
Quarter Ton Class is an offshore sailing class of the International Offshore Rule racing the Quarter Ton Cup between 1967 and 1996 and from 2005 till now. The class is sailed by smaller keelboats of similar size and is likely the world's most produced keelboat class.
Thomas Wardle (industrialist)
Sir Thomas Wardle (26 January 1831 – 3 January 1909) was a British businessman, known for his innovations in silk dyeing and printing on silk. He was married to celebrated fabric artist Elizabeth Wardle. He collaborated with the designer William Morris, who visited his dyeworks in Leek, Staffordshire to learn how to use natural dyes.
He was knighted by Queen Victoria for his services to the silk industry.

North Staffordshire Field Club
The North  Staffordshire Field Club was an organisation founded in 1865 to study the natural history, geology, industrial history, folklore and local history of North Staffordshire, England. Its establishing president from 1865-70 was industrialist and banker James Bateman FRS.
Durban railway station
Durban railway station is the central railway station in the city of Durban, South Africa, located between Umgeni Road and  NMR Avenue / Masabalala Yengwa Avenue just to the north of the central business district. It is the terminus of Shosholoza Meyl long-distance services from Johannesburg and Cape Town, and the hub of a network of Metrorail commuter rail services that stretch as far as KwaDukuza (Stanger) to the north, Kelso to the south, and Cato Ridge inland.

M12 (Durban)
The M12 is a major metropolitan route in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa, beginning in uMhlanga Rocks and heading southwards through Durban North and Stamford Hill before ending just north of the Durban CBD.