hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Distribution (economics)
In economics, distribution is the way total output, income, or wealth is distributed among individuals or among the factors of production (such as labour, land, and capital). In general theory and in for example the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts, each unit of output corresponds to a unit of income. One use of national accounts is for classifying factor incomes and measuring their respective shares, as in national Income. But, where focus is on income of persons or households, adjustments to the national accounts or other data sources are frequently used. Here, interest is often on the fraction of income going to the top (or bottom) x percent of households, the next x percent, and so forth (defined by equally spaced cut points, say quintiles), and on the factors that might affect them (globalization, tax policy, technology, etc.).

Income distribution
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world.
U with diaeresis (Cyrillic)
U with diaeresis (Ӱ ӱ; italics: Ӱ ӱ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, derived from the Cyrillic letter U (У у У у).

U with diaeresis is used in the alphabets of the Altai, Khakas, Khanty, Mari and Shor languages, where it represents the close front rounded vowel /y/, the pronunciation of the Latin letter U with umlaut (Ü ü) in German. It is also used in the Komi-Yodzyak language.

U (Cyrillic)
U (У у; italics: У у or У у; italics: У у) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the close back rounded vowel /u/, somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "boot" or "boo". The forms of the Cyrillic letter U are similar to the lowercase of the Latin letter Y (Y y; Y y).
Aruvu Rezuru: Kikaijikake no Yōseitachi
Aruvu Rezuru: Kikaijikake no Yōseitachi (アルヴ・レズル -機械仕掛けの妖精たち-; lit. "Arve Rezzle: Mechanized Fairies") is a Japanese science fiction light novel series by Yū Yamaguchi that began serialization in 2011. It is released through the electronic magazine BOX-AiR, an imprint run by Kodansha Box. In December 2011, it was selected out of 11 winners of the New Author Awards to become the first BOX-AiR series to be animated. A short film adaptation (part of Anime Mirai 2013) by Zexcs debuted on March 2, 2013, directed by newcomer Tatsuya Yoshihara, who was previously an episode director for Sket Dance.

Young Animator Training Project
The Young Animator Training Project (若手アニメーター育成プロジェクト, Wakate Animētā Ikusei Purojekuto) is an annual project launched in 2010, and funded by the Japanese government's Agency for Cultural Affairs in order to support training animators. The project culminates in a series of anime shorts produced by various animation studios each year called:

Project A, released in 2011

Anime Mirai (アニメミライ; lit. "Anime Future"), released in 2012–2015

Anime Tamago (あにめたまご; lit. "Anime Egg"), released in 2016-2020

Anime no Tane (あにめのたね; lit. "Anime's Seed"), released since 2021
St. James' Episcopal Church (Manitowoc, Wisconsin)
St. James' Episcopal Church, named for James the Greater, is a historic Episcopal church located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The only Episcopal church in Manitowoc County, St. James' is a "broad church" parish in the Diocese of Fond du Lac. It is the oldest continually operating congregation in Manitowoc County, first meeting in 1841. and organizing in 1848. The current church building, an example of Gothic Revival architecture, was consecrated in 1902. The congregation is active in community service and social justice ministries.

Gustaf Unonius
Christianity portal

Gustaf Elias Marius Unonius also referred to as Gustav Unonius, Gustave Unonius, Gustavus Unonius, or Gustov Unonius (25 August 1810 – 14 October 1902) was a pioneer and priest in the American Midwest. Unonius served as a catalyst for early Scandinavian emigration to the Upper Midwest.
President's fleet review
The Review of the Fleet by the President of India is an event where ships, submarines and aircraft from the Indian Navy are paraded to be reviewed by the President of India. The President of India as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces reviews the Indian fleet as Head of the Republic.

Since India became a Republic in 1950, 13 fleet reviews have taken place. The President's fleet review could also include warships and delegates from other national navies. Of the 13, three were International fleet reviews (IFR) - in 2001, 2016 and 2026.

International Fleet Review 2026
The International Fleet Review 2026 (IFR 2026) was an international maritime exercise hosted and conducted by the Indian Navy on behalf of the President of India in February 2026 to improve relations with other navies in the region. The IFR 2026, along with MILAN, is the largest maritime assembly hosted by India since its independence.
Brian Hill (director)
Brian Hill is a British director of television programs and films. He is managing director of Century Films, a London-based independent film and television company.

Hill won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts award for New Director Fiction for the film Falling Apart in 2002.  He was nominated for the Best New Writer award for the film Bella & the Boys in 2005.

In 2021 he worked with Poet Laureate Simon Armitage to create Where Did the World Go?, a "pandemic poem" broadcast on BBC Two in June 2021.

Simon Armitage
Simon Robert Armitage (born 26 May 1963) is an English poet, playwright, musician and novelist. He was appointed Poet Laureate on 10 May 2019. He is professor of poetry at the University of Leeds.

He has published over 20 collections of poetry, starting with Zoom! in 1989. Many of his poems concern his home town in West Yorkshire; these are collected in Magnetic Field: The Marsden Poems. He has translated classic poems including the Odyssey, the Alliterative Morte Arthure, Pearl, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. He has written several travel books including Moon Country and Walking Home: Travels with a Troubadour on the Pennine Way. He has edited poetry anthologies including one on the work of Ted Hughes. He has participated in numerous television and radio documentaries, dramatisations, and travelogues.
Destruction of the Seven Cities
The Destruction of the Seven Cities (Spanish: Destrucción de las siete ciudades), in Chilean historiography was the destruction or abandonment of seven major Spanish outposts in southern Chile around 1600, caused by the Mapuche and Huilliche uprising of 1598. The Destruction of the Seven Cities, in traditional historiography, marks the end of the Conquest period and the beginning of the proper colonial period.

The Destruction of the Seven Cities had a long-lasting impact on the history of the Mapuche and the history of Chile, determining the shape of future Colonial Spanish–Mapuche relations, e.g. by causing the development of a Spanish–Mapuche frontier.

Zona Sur
Zona Sur (Southern Zone) is one of the five natural regions on which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950. Its northern border is formed by the Bío-Bío River, which separates it from the Central Chile Zone. The Southern Zone borders the Pacific Ocean to the west, and to the east lies the Andean mountains and Argentina. Its southern border is the Chacao Channel, which forms the boundary with the Austral Zone. While the Chiloé Archipelago belongs geographically to the Austral Zone in terms of culture and history, it lies closer to the Southern Zone.
Adrian Pang
Adrian Pang Yeow Soon (born 8 January 1966) is a Singaporean actor, host, and contracted artiste under FLY Entertainment. A full-time Mediacorp artiste from 1990 to 2010, Pang first came to prominence in the Singapore television scene with his performances in both English-language and Chinese-language television dramas produced by MediaCorp and SPH MediaWorks in the 1990s. Since then, he has taken roles in hosting and theatre production. More recently, he had a small role in the Hollywood cybercrime movie Blackhat (2015), starring Chris Hemsworth and Wang Leehom.

Fly Entertainment
FLY Entertainment (Chinese:飞艺娱乐) is a Singapore-based entertainment agency, specialising in services for the entertainment industry in Singapore and the region. Divisions include Artiste Management, Event Management and Marketing & Public Relations, in addition to several fully owned subsidiaries.
Nguyễn Văn Phương
Nguyễn Văn Phương (born 27 February 2001) is a Vietnamese tennis player.

Nguyễn has a career high ATP singles ranking of 1332 achieved on 21 May 2018. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 1098 achieved on 17 December 2018.

Nguyễn has a career-high ITF juniors ranking of 44, achieved on 31 December 2018.

Nguyễn represents Vietnam at the Davis Cup, where he has a W/L record of 0–1.

Vietnam Davis Cup team
The Vietnam Davis Cup team represents Vietnam in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Vietnam Tennis Federation. The President of VTF is Mr Nguyễn Danh Thái while the General Secretary is Mr Nguyen Quoc Ky. Commercial and International Affairs is handled by Mr Long Le Hoang.

Vietnam currently compete in the Asia/Oceania Zone of Group III. As South Vietnam they reached the final of Eastern Zone A in 1964, and of Eastern Zone B in  1965, 1969 and of Eastern Zone Preliminary Rounds in 1973.
Earwolf
Earwolf is an American comedy podcasting network founded by Scott Aukerman and Jeff Ullrich in August 2010. Initially built around the Comedy Death-Ray Radio podcast, the network has since grown to include many podcasts on diverse subjects. The Earwolf studios are in Los Angeles, California, United States.

In November 2014, Earwolf launched a sister network, Wolfpop, led by Paul Scheer. In March 2016, most of Wolfpop's programs were merged into Earwolf.

Howl was a podcasting app launched in 2015 by Midroll Media, whose premium version featured the entire back catalogue of Earwolf podcasts, along with several comedy specials and many limited-run podcasts. Howl was discontinued in 2019, with its programming made available on Stitcher Premium.

Harris Wittels
Harris Lee Wittels (April 20, 1984 – February 19, 2015) was an American comedian. He was a writer for The Sarah Silverman Program, a writer and executive producer for Parks and Recreation, and a recurring guest on Comedy Bang! Bang!
He coined the word humblebrag in 2010.
Zastrużne
Zastrużne [zasˈtruʐnɛ] (German: Sastrosnen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orzysz, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Orzysz, 27 km (17 mi) north of Pisz, and 86 km (53 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village has a population of 80.

Gmina Orzysz
Gmina Orzysz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Orzysz, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of Pisz and 96 km (60 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 363.49 square kilometres (140.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,567 (out of which the population of Orzysz amounts to 5,804, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,763).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Masurian Landscape Park.
Line 7 (Chengdu Metro)
Line 7 is a loop line of the Chengdu Metro (Chinese: 成都地铁7号线; pinyin: Chéngdū Dìtiě Qī Hào Xiàn). It loops between North railway station, Chengdu University of Technology, Huaishudian, Chengdu East railway station, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu South railway station, Taipingyuan, Jinsha Site Museum, Southwest Jiaotong University, and City North Coach Terminal Center. The total length is 38.63 km (24.00 mi). Line 7's color is light blue. The construction of Line 7 began in 2013, and ended in late 2017. According to the Chengdu Metro masterplan it will become the inner circle line, with Line 9 being the outer circle line.

Chengdu railway station
Chengdu railway station (Chinese: 成都火车站; pinyin: Chéngdū Huǒchē Zhàn) is a major railway station in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province. The station is located on North Second Ring Road, Jinniu District, to the North of the city centre. It is operated by China Railway Chengdu Group and is one of the most important hubs of the railway network in China.
Corts Valencianes
The Corts Valencianes (Valencian pronunciation: [ˈkoɾ(d)z valensiˈanes]), commonly known as Les Corts ([les ˈkoɾ(t)s]), are the main legislative body of the Generalitat Valenciana and therefore of the Valencian Community. The main location of the Corts is in the Palace of the Borgias in Valencia. However it can meet at any location in the Valencian lands. The Corts has its origins in bodies established in the thirteenth century by King James I of Aragon. The modern institution was established in 1982 under the Valencian statute of autonomy of 1982. The current Corts were elected in 2023.

Kingdom of Valencia
The Kingdom of Valencia (Valencian: Regne de València; Spanish: Reino de Valencia; Latin: Regnum Valentiae), located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon.

The Kingdom of Valencia was formally created in 1238 when the Moorish taifa of Valencia was taken in the course of the Reconquista. It was dissolved, alongside the other components of the old crown of Aragon, by Philip V of Spain in 1707, by means of the Nueva Planta decrees, as a result of the Spanish War of Succession.

During its existence, the Kingdom of Valencia was ruled by the laws and institutions stated in the Furs (charters) of Valencia; these charters granted it wide self-government under the Crown of Aragon and, later on, under the Spanish Monarchy.

The boundaries and identity of the present Spanish autonomous community of the Valencian Community are essentially those of the former Kingdom of Valencia.
Rocherlea, Tasmania
Rocherlea is a residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Launceston in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of the town of Launceston. The 2016 census recorded a population of 1081 for the state suburb of Rocherlea.
It is a northern suburb of Launceston, about ten minutes drive from the Launceston CBD and on the way to Lilydale. It has a community centre, church and op shop.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
2012 Negros earthquake
The 2012 Negros earthquake occurred on February 6, 2012 at 11:49 AM PST, with a body wave magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum intensity of VII (Destructive) off the coast of Negros Oriental, Philippines. The epicenter of the thrust fault earthquake was approximately 72 kilometres (45 mi) north of Negros Oriental's provincial capital, Dumaguete.

La Libertad, Negros Oriental
La Libertad, officially the Municipality of La Libertad (Cebuano: Lungsod sa La Libertad; Tagalog: Bayan ng La Libertad), is a municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 42,721 people.
Town Hall Party
Town Hall Party is an American country music and rockabilly entertainment program originating in Southern California. It was initially broadcast on radio in 1951 and then on television beginning in 1953.

The first radio broadcast was in Autumn 1951 by stations KXLA-AM in Pasadena, California, and KFI-AM in Los Angeles.

On television, the show was broadcast by KTTV-TV in Los Angeles.

Joe Maphis
Otis Wilson "Joe" Maphis (/ˈmeɪfɪs/ MAY-fis; May 12, 1921 – June 27, 1986), was an American country music guitarist. He married singer Rose Lee Maphis in 1953 and they performed together.

One of the flashiest country guitarists of the 1950s and 1960s, Joe Maphis was known as "The King of the Strings".
Argentinos Juniors
Asociación Atlética Argentinos Juniors is an Argentine sports club based in La Paternal, Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in the Argentine Primera División, and was recognized as one of the most important football teams of South America by FIFA. It is one of the eight Argentine first division teams that have won the Copa Libertadores. The continental trophy was won in the club's first entry to the contest, in 1985.

Nevertheless the most remarkable sign of Argentinos Juniors has been the talented players emerged from its youth divisions, with Diego Maradona as the greatest example of all. This earned the club the nickname semillero del mundo ("seedbed of the world"). As a result, it has been described as "one of Argentina's most distinctive football clubs".

Fernando Cáceres
Fernando Gabriel Cáceres (born 7 February 1969) is an Argentine retired professional footballer who played as a central defender.

He played for several clubs in the Primera División and La Liga during his professional career, spending 11 years in the latter competition and appearing in 340 games.

Cáceres represented Argentina at the 1994 World Cup and two Copa América tournaments.
National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning
The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is an Indian e-learning platform for university-level science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. NPTEL is the largest e-repository in the world of courses in engineering, basic sciences and selected humanities and management subjects. The platform and materials have been jointly developed by Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institute of Science. The initiative is funded by the central Ministry of Education. The project's central idea is to put recorded lectures taught by its member institutes online for open access. It operates an educational YouTube channel covering engineering, basic sciences, and some humanities and social science subjects. Popular NPTEL courses are being translated into popular local languages. The local languages which the translation are available in include Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil and Telugu.

Indian Institutes of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a network of prestigious, autonomous public engineering and technology institutions in India. Established in 1950, they are under the purview of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India and are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961. The Act designates them as Institutes of National Importance and lays down their powers, duties, and governance framework as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology. There are currently 23 IITs functioning under this act. Each IIT operates autonomously and is linked to the others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education (India) serves as the ex officio chairperson of the IIT Council.
Sauna (2008 film)
Sauna, also known as Filth or Evil Rising, is a 2008 Finnish horror film directed by Antti-Jussi Annila. The film was awarded three Jussi Awards in 2009: the best sound design, the best scenography and the best costumes. In addition, the film was nominated for best lead actor (Ville Virtanen), best lead actor (Tommi Eronen) and best editing.

Tommi Eronen
Tommi Johannes Eronen (born 18 September 1968) is a Finnish actor, best known for starring in the movies Jade Warrior (2006) and Bad Luck Love (2000). His performance in Bad Luck Love garnered him a Jussi Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Two Graves (novel)
Two Graves is a thriller novel by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child. It was released on December 11, 2012 by Grand Central Publishing. This is the twelfth book in the Special Agent Pendergast series and also the third novel in the Helen trilogy. The preceding novel is Cold Vengeance.

Douglas Preston
Douglas Jerome Preston (born May 31, 1956) is an American journalist and author. Although he is best known for his thrillers in collaboration with Lincoln Child (including the Agent Pendergast series and Gideon Crew series), he has also written six solo novels, including the Wyman Ford series and a novel entitled Jennie, which was made into a movie by Disney. He has authored a half-dozen nonfiction books on science and exploration and writes occasionally for The New Yorker, Smithsonian, and other magazines.
Simon (Sutcliff novel)
Simon is a children's historical novel written by Rosemary Sutcliff, first published in 1953. It is set during the First English Civil War, primarily focusing on the final campaign of 1645-1646 in the West Country and shows the effect of the conflict on two friends, who find themselves on opposite sides.

Battle of Torrington
50°57′11″N 4°08′28″W﻿ / ﻿50.953°N 4.141°W﻿ / 50.953; -4.141

The Battle of Torrington (16 February 1646) was a decisive battle of the south-western campaign of the First English Civil War and marked the end of Royalist resistance in the West Country. It took place in Torrington, Devon.
Robby Mills
Robert Martin Mills (born March 17, 1967) is an American politician who has served in the Kentucky Senate from the 4th district since 2019. He previously served in the Kentucky House of Representatives from the 11th district from 2017 to 2019, after defeating incumbent David Watkins in 2016. Mills was elected to the senate in 2018, defeating incumbent Democratic senator Dorsey Ridley. He was Daniel Cameron's running mate in their unsuccessful campaign in the 2023 Kentucky gubernatorial election.

Kentucky Senate
The Kentucky Senate is the upper house of the Kentucky General Assembly.  The Kentucky Senate is composed of 38 members elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth.  The Kentucky Senate meets at the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort annually beginning in January. Sessions last for 60 legislative days in even-numbered years and 30 legislative days in odd-numbered years.

The Republican Party has had control of the Senate since 1999, currently holding 32 seats, with the Democratic Party holding 5, and 1 seat being vacant. Senators serve four-year terms with no term limits; half (19) of the senators are up for election every second year, coinciding with federal House of Representatives and Senate elections.
Tarka, Nigeria
Tarka is a Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Wannune.

It has an area of 371 km2 and a population of 79,494 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 981.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
China National Highway 215
China National Highway 215 (G215) (sometimes referred to as Gansu Provincial Highway 215) runs from Hongliuyuan, Gansu to Yushu, Qinghai. It was originally 641 kilometres in length and ran south from Hongliuyuan towards Golmud. As part of the 2013 National Highway extension plan, it was extended to Yushu via Qumarlêb County and Zhidoi County, superseding part of Qinghai provincial highway S308.

Golmud
Golmud is a county-level city in the Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province, China. It is now the second-largest city in Qinghai and the third largest on the Tibetan Plateau (after Xining and Lhasa). The population in 2020 was 221,863.