hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów
The Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów (Polish: Cmentarz Obrońców Lwowa, Cmentarz Orląt Lwowskich,  Cemetery of the Lwów Eaglets, Orlat Cemetery) is a memorial and a burial place for the Poles and their allies who died in Lwów (Ukrainian: Lviv) during the hostilities of the Polish-Ukrainian War and Polish-Soviet War between 1918 and 1920.

The complex is a part of the city's historic Lychakiv Cemetery. There are about 3000 graves in that part of the cemetery; some from the Lwów Eaglets young militia volunteers, after whom that part of the cemetery is named. It was one of the most famous necropolises of the interwar Poland.

Initially neglected during Soviet times, much of the cemetery was destroyed in 1971. Following the Revolutions of 1989, the cemetery remained neglected until improvements in Polish-Ukrainian relations that resulted in its rebuilding and refurbishment, leading to it becoming one of the principal tourist attractions of Lviv.

Lwów Eaglets
Lwów Eaglets (Polish: Orlęta lwowskie) is a term of affection that is applied to the Polish child soldiers who fought for the city of Lwów (Ukrainian: L'viv), in Eastern Galicia, during the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919).
I Was Born This Way
"I Was Born This Way" is a disco song written by Chris Spierer and Bunny Jones. The song was first recorded by Valentino in 1975, then by Carl Bean in 1977, and both artists released it through Motown Records.

The record was first released on the Motown-distributed Gaiee Records, and performed by Valentino (real name "Charles Harris"). Frankie Crocker of WBLS in New York first aired the song and it was an instant hit. For over 50 years since it was written, it has become an anthem for the gay community and has been on countless compilation albums as well as being (sampled) on other recordings many times.

Carl Bean
Carl Bean (May 26, 1944 – September 7, 2021) was an African-American singer and activist who was the founding prelate of the Unity Fellowship Church Movement, a liberal Protestant denomination that is particularly welcoming of lesbians, gay and bisexual African Americans.
Irene Pepperberg
Irene Maxine Pepperberg (born April 1, 1949) is an American scientist noted for her studies in animal cognition, particularly in relation to parrots. She has been a professor, researcher and lecturer at multiple universities, and she is currently an Adjunct Research Professor at Boston University. Pepperberg also serves on the Advisory Council of METI International (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence). She is well known for her comparative studies into the cognitive fundamentals of language and communication, and she was one of the first to work on language learning in animals other than primate species (exemplified by the Washoe project), by extension to a bird species. Pepperberg is also active in wildlife conservation, especially in relation to parrots.

METI International
METI International, known simply as METI, is a non-profit research organization founded in July 2015 by Douglas Vakoch that creates and transmits interstellar messages to attempt to communicate with extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). It is based in San Francisco, California.
Battle of Argentovaria
48°04′54″N 7°21′20″E﻿ / ﻿48.081667°N 7.355556°E﻿ / 48.081667; 7.355556

The Battle of Argentovaria or Battle of Argentaria was fought in May 378 between the Western Roman Empire and the invading army of the Lentienses, a branch of the Alemanni, at Argentovaria (near Colmar, France). The Alemanni were overwhelmed by the Roman legionaries, though stood their ground bravely. Only 9,000 escaped from the field and Priarius, king of the Lentienses, was slain during the battle. The Lentienses disappear from the historical record following this defeat.

Emperor Gratian, who had given the command of the army for the battle to Nannienus and Mallobaudes, gained the title of Alemannicus Maximus.

Mallobaudes
Mallobaudes or Mellobaudes was a 4th-century Frankish king who also held the Roman title of comes domesticorum. 
In 354 he was a tribunus armaturarum in the Roman army in Gaul, where he served under Silvanus, who usurped power in 355. Mallobaudes tried unsuccessfully to intervene on his behalf. Appointed comes domesticorum by Gratian, he was second-in-command of the army in Gaul in 378 when he defeated the Alemannic tribes under King Priarius at Battle of Argentovaria (near modern Colmar) according to Ammianus Marcellinus. In 380 he killed Macrian, king of the Bucinobantes and Roman ally, who had invaded Frankish territory.
During the usurpation of Maximus, Mallobaudes was killed shortly after the assassination of the emperor Gratian.
A Void
A Void, translated from the original French La Disparition (lit. "The Disappearance"), is a 300-page French lipogrammatic novel, put out in 1969 by Georges Perec, written wholly without using the letter e, following Oulipo constraints.

Georges Perec
Georges Perec  (French: [ʒɔʁʒ peʁɛk]; 7 March 1936 – 3 March 1982) was a French novelist, filmmaker, documentalist, and essayist. He was a member of the Oulipo group. His father died as a soldier early in the Second World War and his mother was killed in the Holocaust. Many of his works deal with absence, loss, and identity, often through word play.
Wilhelm Kempff
Wilhelm Walter Friedrich Kempff (25 November 1895 – 23 May 1991) was a German pianist, teacher and composer. Although his repertoire included Bach, Mozart, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt and Brahms, Kempff was particularly well known for his interpretations of the music of Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert, recording the complete sonatas of both composers. He is considered to have been one of the chief exponents of the Germanic tradition during the 20th century and one of the greatest pianists of all time.

Deutsche Grammophon
Deutsche Grammophon (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ɡʁamoˈfoːn]; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the MCA family of labels in 1999. Deutsche Grammophon is the world's oldest surviving established record company. Presidents of the company are Frank Briegmann, Chairman and CEO Central Europe of Universal Music Group and Clemens Trautmann.
Telecommunications in Bahrain
Telecommunications in Bahrain are provided by the Bahrain Telecommunications Company, trading as Batelco, as well as other companies such as Zain and STC.

Prior to 1981 telecommunications services were provided by two separate departments: national services were provided by the Bahrain Telephone Company and international services by Cable & Wireless of the United Kingdom. These were combined in 1981 to form Batelco. Since then, other telecommunications companies have entered the market.

Batelco
Bahrain Telecommunication Company BSC, trading as Batelco (Arabic: بتلكو), is the principal telecommunications company in Bahrain. The company's headquarters are in Hamala, Bahrain and the company is listed on the Bahrain Bourse. The Chairman of the Board is Abdulla Bin Khalifa Al Khalifa.

The company provides services for mobiles through UMTS 2100 and LTE 1800 (the GSM network was shut down on 31 December 2019) while its residential Internet is an ADSL, Wireless (4G/5G) or FTTH service. Batelco is one of Bahrain's five Internet service providers.
2-Chlorobenzonitrile
2-Chlorobenzonitrile is an organic compound with the formula ClC6H4CN.  It is a white solid.  The compound, one of three isomers of chlorobenzonitrile, is produced industrially by ammoxidation of 2-chlorotoluene. The compound is of commercial interest as a precursor to 2-amino-5-nitrobenzonitrile, a precursor to dyes.

Chlorotoluene
Chlorotoluenes are aryl chlorides based on toluene in which at least one aromatic hydrogen atom is replaced with a chlorine atom. They have the general formula C7H8–nCln, where n = 1–5 is the number of chlorine atoms.
Alexander Morison McAldowie
Alexander Morison McAldowie FRSE (16 May 1852 – 4 September 1926) was a Scottish physician, folklorist and ornithologist. As an author his topics are diverse, and he wrote in all three fields, being known either as Alex McAldowie or A. M. McAldowie.

North Staffordshire Field Club
The North  Staffordshire Field Club was an organisation founded in 1865 to study the natural history, geology, industrial history, folklore and local history of North Staffordshire, England. Its establishing president from 1865-70 was industrialist and banker James Bateman FRS.
Alberta Highway 9
Highway 9 is a highway in south-central Alberta, Canada, which together with Saskatchewan Highway 7 connects Calgary with Saskatoon, Saskatchewan via Drumheller. It is designated as a core route of the National Highway System, forming a portion of an interprovincial corridor. Highway 9 spans approximately 324 kilometres (201 mi) from the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) east of Calgary to Alberta's  border with Saskatchewan.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
Taskers of Andover
Taskers of Andover were an Andover, Hampshire based metal works and engineering company, which became better known in the latter half of the 20th century for their lorry trailers. After 170 years in operation, the company became first part of the John Brown company, and then sold to Montracon, after which it closed.

Andover, Hampshire
Andover (/ˈændoʊvər/ AN-doh-vər) is a town in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England. The town is on the River Anton, a major tributary of the Test, and lies alongside the major A303 trunk road at the eastern end of Salisbury Plain, 18 miles (29 km) west of the town of Basingstoke. It is 14 miles (23 km) from Winchester, 35 miles (56 km) north of Southampton and 65 miles (105 km) from London.

The town developed as a centre for grain milling and wool processing, and in the 20th century it took on a significant Armed Forces presence.
Angle
In geometry, an angle is formed by two lines that meet at a point. Each line is called a side of the angle, and the point they share is called the vertex of the angle. The term angle is used to denote both geometric figures and their size or magnitude as associated quantity. Angular measure or measure of angle are sometimes used to distinguish between the measure of the quantity and figure itself. The measurement of angles is intrinsically linked with circles and rotation, and this is often visualized or defined using the arc of a circle centered at the vertex and lying between the sides.

Magnitude (mathematics)
In mathematics, the magnitude or size of a mathematical object is a property which determines whether the object is larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. More formally, an object's magnitude is the displayed result of an ordering (or ranking) of the class of objects to which it belongs. Magnitude as a concept dates to Ancient Greece and has been applied as a measure of distance from one object to another. For numbers, the absolute value of a number is commonly applied as the measure of units between a number and zero.

In vector spaces, the Euclidean norm is a measure of magnitude used to define a distance between two points in space. In physics, magnitude can be defined as quantity or distance. An order of magnitude is typically defined as a unit of distance between one number and another's numerical places on the decimal scale.
Noshiro Rocket Testing Center
The Noshiro Rocket Testing Center (能代ロケット実験場, Noshiro Roketto Jikkenjo) is a facility of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the city of Noshiro in Akita Prefecture, Japan.

JAXA
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, Kokuritsu-kenkyū-kaihatsu-hōjin Uchū Kōkū Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō; lit. 'National Research and Development Agency Aerospace Research and Development Organisation') is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of the Moon. Its motto is One JAXA and its corporate slogan is Explore to Realize (formerly Reaching for the skies, exploring space).
Port Huron High School
Port Huron High School (PHHS) was founded in 1868, and has been in continuous operation as a secondary school in Port Huron, Michigan since then.

Port Huron High School was originally located at what is now the site of St. Clair Community College. The original building was built in 1870, then rebuilt in 1874 and 1908 after it was twice destroyed in fires. In 1957, the high school moved to its current location and building.

In 2024, the U.S. News & World Report ranked Port Huron High School as between 480th and 673rd in the state. PHHS athletic teams competed in the Eastern Michigan League (EML) until the 1990s; upon dissolution of the EML, PHHS joined the Macomb Area Conference (MAC). The athletic teams are known as the "Red Hawks", a reference to the school colors—red, white and black. The name was changed in Spring, 2023.

Macomb Area Conference
The Macomb Area Conference (abbreviated to MAC) (formerly known as the Macomb Athletic Conference) is a high school sports league located in Southeastern Michigan. It is a member of the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA). There are currently 36 members, spread across Macomb County, St. Clair County, Oakland County, and Wayne County.

The MAC offers sports for both boys and girls, including boys and girls cross country, boys football, boys and girls basketball, boys baseball, and girls softball, boys and girls soccer, boys and girls swimming, girls volleyball, boys and girls track and field, wrestling, boys hockey, and boys and girls tennis.
We Are the Others
We Are the Others is the third studio album by the Dutch symphonic metal band Delain. It was released in the Benelux and Germany on 1 June 2012 and in the United Kingdom and France on 4 June by CNR Music, who took over Delain when Warner Music refused to release We Are the Others. The album was released in the US on 3 July. The first single, "Get the Devil Out of Me", was released on 13 April. The second single "We Are The Others" and its video was released on 11 September 2012. This is the first album by Delain without any studio songs with guest vocalist Marko Hietala. Live versions of "The Gathering" and "Control the Storm" are featured on the special edition of the album with Hietala singing his parts live.

Marko Hietala
Marko Tapani "Marco" Hietala (born 14 January 1966) is a Finnish heavy metal vocalist, bassist and songwriter. Internationally, he is best known as the former bassist, male vocalist and secondary composer to Tuomas Holopainen, of the symphonic metal band Nightwish. He is also the vocalist and bassist as well as composer and lyricist for the heavy metal band Tarot.

He is also a member of the supergroup Northern Kings, and portrayed one of the main characters in Ayreon's 2013 album The Theory of Everything.
Ishad
Ishad was an Old Turkic word used to designate the highest-ranking Göktürk generals (e.g., Buri-sad). It is also used in some Arabic sources to describe the Khagan Bek of the Khazars. Brook, citing Golden, proposes that Ishad is a variant of Shad, a Turkic title of Iranian origin.

Böri Shad
Böri Shad (fl. c. 627) (Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰇𐰼𐰃𐱁𐰑, böri šad, simplified Chinese: 步利设; traditional Chinese: 步利設; pinyin: bùlì shè; Wade–Giles: pu-li she, "Wolf governor") was a Turkic prince or general who fought the Persians south of the Caucasus during the Perso-Turkic war of 627–629. In this war the Western Turkic Khaganate was allied with the Byzantine Empire against Persia during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.
Gawłów, Masovian Voivodeship
Gawłów [ˈɡavwuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sochaczew, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Ambroży Mikołaj Skarżyński a Polish General who commanded a Napoleon's Imperial Guard squadron (Polish 1st Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard) was born in the village.

Gmina Sochaczew
Gmina Sochaczew is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Sochaczew, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 91.41 square kilometres (35.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,764.

The village of Żelazowa Wola, which is within Gmina Sochaczew, is the birthplace of the composer Frédéric Chopin.
John Drake (rugby union)
John Alan Drake (22 January 1959 – 13 December 2008) was a New Zealand rugby union footballer who represented the All Blacks and Auckland as a tighthead prop.

He played twelve times for New Zealand including eight test matches. He debuted for the All Blacks on the 1985 tour of Argentina playing in the 56–6 thumping of Mar del Plata. Drake was a key member of the 1987 All Black team which won the 1987 Rugby World Cup, playing in five of the six matches including scoring a try in the semi-final victory against Wales and playing in the final against France.

He retired at the end of the 1987 season while only 28 and later became a newspaper columnist and television commentator. Drake was educated at Auckland Grammar School. He died suddenly at his home, aged 49, on 13 December 2008.

Auckland Rugby Union
The Auckland Rugby Union is a New Zealand provincial rugby union. The union was established in 1883 and was originally responsible for the administration of the sport in most of the former Auckland Province, although its boundaries have since shrunk to include only a portion of the Auckland urban area. The union governs the Auckland representative team, which has won New Zealand's first-tier domestic provincial competition 17 times, more than any other team. Their most recent title was the 2018 Mitre 10 Cup Premiership. The union administers all club rugby within its boundaries, including the Gallaher Shield and other senior club rugby, as well as school rugby. Auckland also acts as a primary feeder to the Blues, who play in the Super Rugby competition.
Elberfeld–Dortmund railway
The Elberfeld–Dortmund railway is a major railway in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of a major axis for long distance and regional rail services between Wuppertal and Cologne, and is served by Intercity Express, InterCity, Regional Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains.

This 56 km long line was the main line of the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company. It was opened in 1849 and has been redeveloped several times since and is now fully electrified.

Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company
The Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company (German: Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, BME), also referred to as the Berg-Mark Railway Company or, more rarely, as the Bergisch-Markische Railway Company, was a German railway company that together with the Cologne-Minden Railway (Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) and the Rhenish Railway Company (Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RhE) was one of the three (nominally) private railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia. Its name refers to Bergisches Land and the County of Mark.
Marcel-Paul Schützenberger
Marcel-Paul "Marco" Schützenberger (24 October 1920 – 29 July 1996) was a French mathematician and Doctor of Medicine.  He worked in the fields of formal language, combinatorics, and information theory. In addition to his formal results in mathematics, he was "deeply involved in [a] struggle against the votaries of [neo-]Darwinism", a stance which has resulted in some mixed reactions from his peers and from critics of his stance on evolution. Several notable theorems and objects in mathematics as well as computer science bear his name (for example Schutzenberger group or the Chomsky–Schützenberger hierarchy). Paul Schützenberger was his great-grandfather.

In the late 1940s, he was briefly married to the psychologist Anne Ancelin Schützenberger.

Schützenberger group
In semigroup theory, a Schützenberger group is a group associated with a Green H-class of a semigroup. The Schützenberger groups associated with different H-classes are distinct, but the groups associated with two different H-classes contained in the same D-class of a semigroup are isomorphic. Moreover, if the H-class itself were a group, the Schützenberger group of the H-class would be isomorphic to the H-class. In fact, there are two Schützenberger groups associated with a given H-class, with each being antiisomorphic to the other.

The Schützenberger group was discovered by Marcel-Paul Schützenberger in 1957 and the terminology was coined by A. H. Clifford.
Piotrowiec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Piotrowiec [pjɔˈtrɔvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Gmina Pieniężno
Gmina Pieniężno is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Pieniężno, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south-east of Braniewo and 55 km (34 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 241.43 square kilometres (93.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,789 (out of which the population of Pieniężno amounts to 2,915, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,874).
Syrian National Orchestra for Arabic Music
The Syrian National Orchestra for Arabic Music was a Syrian orchestra dedicated to the performance of classical Arabic music, as well as experimental work based on traditional music from the Middle East. The orchestra played regular concerts in the Damascus Opera House since its opening in 2004. Due to the ongoing Syrian civil war, most of its members, like its principal conductor and oud virtuoso Issam Rafea, or Moslem Rahal, a notable ney player, have left Syria for exile in Europe, the US or other countries.

Issam Rafea
Issam Rafea, also written Essam Rafea (Arabic: عصام رافع, born 1971 in Kuwait), is a Syrian musician, music director and composer, noted for his compositions and performances on the Arabic oud, as former director of the Syrian National Orchestra for Arabic Music and for his collaboration with jazz and world music bands. Since 2013, Rafea has lived in Chicago, touring in the US as well as internationally.
Salamanca, Colón
Salamanca is a corregimiento in Colón District, Colón Province, Panama surrounded by landscapes, home of the lake Alajuela which supplies with water to the Panama Canal way, with a population of 5,043 as of 2023. Its population as of 1990 was 2,675; its population as of 2000 was 2,920; its population as of 2010 was 3,881.

Colón District, Panama
Colón District  is a district (distrito) of Colón Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 174,059; the latest official estimate (for 2019) is 253,366. The district covers a total area of 1,180 km². The capital lies at the city of Colón City.