hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Shipley Collins
Frank Shipley Collins (February 6, 1848 in Charleston, Massachusetts–1920) was an American botanist and algologist specializing in the study of marine algae.: 55–6  He was a pioneer in the study of the distribution of algae on the Atlantic seaboard and Bermudas and was the leading American algologist of his time.: 55–6  He wrote The Green Algae of North America and Working Key to the Genera of North American Algae.: 56  Several species bear his name in his honor, including Collinsiella tuberculata (green algae in the order Ulotrichales), and Phaeosaccion collinsii.: 56

One of his major undertakings was the co-editing of the exsiccata series, that became collectively known by the title of the first volume, the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Starting with 1895 until 1919, Collins teamed up with botanists William Albert Setchell and Isaac Holden to create this kind of published specimen collections of dried North American freshwater and marine algae.

Phaeosaccion
Phaeosaccion is a genus of algae with monostromatic tubular to saccate thalli, up to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long and to 2 centimetres (0.79 in) wide. It is classified in the family Phaeosacciaceae. It is olive brown and resembles young plants of Scytosiphon. The sole type in the genus is Phaeosaccion collinsii, a species of marine algae. It was first identified in a publication by W.G. Farlow in the article Notes on New England algae published in Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club in 1882. It was named in honor of Frank Shipley Collins.: 56  Phaeosacchion collinsii is red listed in Iceland as a vulnerable species (VU).
Our Father (2022 film)
Our Father is an American documentary film directed by Lucie Jourdan and produced by Michael Petrella and Jason Blum. Its story follows former Indianapolis-based fertility doctor Donald Cline, who, in a case of fertility fraud, used his own sperm to impregnate dozens of unsuspecting patients. The film was released on May 11, 2022. The film was watched for 42.60 million hours between May 8, 2022, and May 29, 2022, globally.

Fertility fraud
Fertility fraud is the failure on the part of a fertility doctor to obtain consent from a patient before inseminating her with his own sperm. This normally occurs in the context of people using assisted reproductive technology (ART) to address fertility issues.

The term is also used in cases where donor eggs are used without consent and more broadly, in instances where doctors and other medical professionals exploit opportunities that arise when people use assisted reproductive technology to address fertility issues. This may give rise to a number of different types of fraud involving insurance, unnecessary procedures, theft of eggs, and other issues related to fertility treatment.
Vasil Levski National Stadium
Vasil Levski National Stadium (Bulgarian: Национален стадион „Васил Левски“), named after Bulgarian national hero and revolutionary Vasil Levski (1837–1873), is the country's second largest stadium. The stadium has 43,230 seats and is located in the centre of Sofia, on the territory of the city's oldest and most famous park - the Borisova gradina.
The Bulgaria national football team's home matches and the Bulgarian Cup finals are held at the venue, as well as athletics competitions. It was used as the home venue for Levski Sofia's Champions League games, and is often used for important derbies between the big clubs from Sofia, instead of their own home stadiums.

Eternal derby of Bulgarian football
The Eternal derby of Bulgarian football or simply The Eternal derby (Bulgarian: Вечното дерби) is the name of the local derby football match between the two most popular and successful football clubs in Sofia and Bulgaria: Levski Sofia and CSKA Sofia. The dominant forces in Bulgarian football have won 26 and 31 national championship titles and 26 and 21 Bulgarian Cup titles, involved into 13 and 11 Doubles, respectively. The rivalry was chosen by COPA90 as the 2nd Maddest Derby in Eastern Europe.
Chaviães e Paços
Chaviães e Paços is a civil parish in the municipality of Melgaço, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Chaviães and Paços. The population in 2011 was 702, in an area of 8.48 km2.

Melgaço, Portugal
Melgaço (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɛlˈɣasu] ⓘ), officially the Town of Melgaço (Portuguese: Vila de Melgaço), is a municipality in the district of Viana do Castelo in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 9,213, in an area of 238.25 km2. It is the northernmost municipality in Portugal.

The present Mayor is Manoel Batista, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is Ascension Day.

Melgaço is certified by the EarthCheck Sustainable Destinations program.
Despenser War
The Despenser War (1321–22) was a baronial revolt against Edward II of England led by the Marcher Lords Roger Mortimer and Humphrey de Bohun. The rebellion was fuelled by opposition to Hugh Despenser the Younger, the royal favourite. After the rebels' summer campaign of 1321, Edward was able to take advantage of a temporary peace to rally more support and a successful winter campaign in southern Wales, culminating in royal victory at the Battle of Boroughbridge in the north of England in March 1322. Edward's response to victory was his increasingly harsh rule until his fall from power in 1326.

Hugh Despenser the Younger
Hugh Despenser, 1st Baron Despenser (also known as the Younger Despenser; c. 1287/1289 – 24 November 1326) was an English nobleman and royal favourite. He was the son and heir of Hugh Despenser, Earl of Winchester (the Elder Despenser) and his wife Isabel Beauchamp, daughter of William Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick. Despenser rose to national prominence as chamberlain of the royal household and a close favourite of Edward II of England. His influence at court earned him many enemies among the English nobility. After the overthrow of Edward II, Despenser was charged with high treason and ultimately hanged, drawn and quartered.
Otto Kuhler
Otto August Kuhler (July 31, 1894 – August 5, 1977) was an American designer, one of the best known industrial designers of the American railroads. According to Trains magazine he streamstyled more locomotives and railroad cars than Cret, Dreyfuss and Loewy combined. His extensive concepts for the modernization of the American railroads have repercussions onto the railways worldwide until today. In addition he was a prolific artist of industrial aesthetics and of the American West in general.

Kuhler (pronounced "Cooler") became a US citizen in 1928. Eight years before he had married Simonne Gillot, daughter of a Belgian doctor. They had one daughter, Winona (married name: Zabriskie), and one son, Renaldo, who became known as a natural-history museum artist.

Observation car
An observation car/carriage/coach (in US English, often abbreviated to simply observation or obs) is a type of railroad passenger car, generally operated in a passenger train as the rearmost carriage (the same as a caboose), with windows or a platform on the rear of the car for passengers' viewing pleasure. The cars were nearly universally removed from service on American railroads beginning in the 1950s as a cost-cutting measure in order to eliminate the need to "turn" the trains when operating out of stub-end terminals.

The push-pull mode of operation removes this limitation. In Europe, various trains are now fitted with observation cars at either or both ends.
Pylon (novel)
Pylon is the eighth novel by the American author William Faulkner. Published in 1935, Pylon is set in New Valois, a fictionalized version of New Orleans. It is one of Faulkner's few novels set outside Yoknapatawpha County, his favorite fictional setting. Pylon is the story of a group of barnstormers whose lives are thoroughly unconventional. They live hand-to-mouth, always just a step or two ahead of destitution, and their interpersonal relationships are unorthodox and shocking by the standards of their society and times. They meet an overwrought and extremely emotional newspaperman in New Valois, who gets deeply involved with them, with tragic consequences.

The novel provided the basis for the 1957 film The Tarnished Angels.

Barnstorming
Barnstorming was a form of entertainment in which stunt pilots performed tricks individually or in groups that were called flying circuses. Devised to "impress people with the skill of pilots and the sturdiness of planes," it became popular in the United States during the Roaring Twenties.

Barnstormers were pilots who flew throughout the country to sell airplane rides and perform stunts. Charles Lindbergh first began flying as a barnstormer. Barnstorming was the first major form of civil aviation in the history of manned flight.
Caldwell, Orange County, North Carolina
Caldwell is an unincorporated community in Orange County, North Carolina, United States. It is located at the junction of North Carolina Highway 57 and North Carolina Highway 157, northeast of Schley. Only a rural crossroads, it is the most significant community on fifteen mile stretches of both highways.

Caldwell is famous for the annual Fourth of July Parade that starts at the Caldwell Fire Department and ends at the Caldwell Community Center.

Caldwell 4 July Parade, 2007

Caldwell 4 July Parade, 2008

Caldwell 4 July Parade, 2010

The Dr. Arch Jordan House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Orange County, North Carolina
Orange County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 148,696. Its county seat is Hillsborough. Orange County is included in the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Florică Ică Calotă
Florică Ică Calotă (born 25 April 1964) is a Romanian politician of the Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party. Since 2012, he has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies. From 2008 to 2012, he served as deputy mayor of Alexandria.

He was born in Plosca, Teleorman County, and graduated from the Faculty of Food Science and Engineering of University of Galați.

Calotă joined the National Liberal Party in 1991, and served as vice president of its Teleorman County branch. He was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats from 2014 to 2019, and a member of PRO Romania for one month in 2019. He returned to the National Liberal Party in 2019, and switched to the Alliance for the Union of Romanians in 2023. Since 2024, he has been a member of the Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party.

Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party
The Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party (Romanian: Partidul Dreptate și Respect în Europa pentru Toți), often shortened to DREPT, is a Romanian non-parliamentary political party that ideologically follows Romanian nationalism and an anti-corruption discourse.

The party is represented in the public space by Vlad Gheorghe, a former independent MEP, and aims to be an electoral platform for independent candidates and small anti-system parties.

Starting from 2 September until 1 December 2024, the party had representation in the Romanian Parliament, initially having ten deputies, five of which have been expelled from the party because of their association with the establishment parties.
Center for Strategic Research (Iran)
Center for Strategic Research or Institute for Strategic Research (Persian: مرکز تحقیقات استراتژیک) is a leading Iranian think tank on strategy issues. It is the research arm of the Iranian state's Expediency Discernment Council. Prof. Mohammad Reza Majidi is the head of center. Before that, the head of organization was Ali Akbar Velayati who replaced former head Hassan Rouhani, the former President of Iran. It was established in 1989.It publishes Foreign Relations Quarterly, Rahbord (Strategy)  in Persian and Iranian Review of Foreign Affairsin English.

Expediency Discernment Council
The Expediency Discernment Council of the System (Persian: مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام, romanized: Majma'-e Tašxis-e Maslahat-e Nezâm) is an administrative assembly of Iran appointed by the Supreme Leader and was created upon the revision to the Constitution on 6 February 1988. It was originally set up to resolve differences or conflicts between the Majlis and the Guardian Council, but "its true power lies more in its advisory role to the Supreme Leader." According to Hooman Majd, the Leader "delegated some of his own authority to the council—granting it supervisory powers over all branches of the government" following President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's election in 2005.

Members of the council are chosen by the Supreme Leader every five years.
Elkwater, West Virginia
Elkwater is an unincorporated community in Randolph County, West Virginia, United States. Elkwater is located on U.S. Route 219 and West Virginia Route 55 along the Tygart Valley River, 5.6 miles (9.0 km) south-southwest of Huttonsville.

The community takes its name from nearby Elkwater Fork creek.

Randolph County, West Virginia
Randolph County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,932. Its county seat is Elkins. The county was founded in 1787 and is named for Edmund Jennings Randolph.

Randolph County comprises the Elkins, West Virginia, Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Entierro
In Chilean folklore the entierros (lit. "burrowing") are legendary treasures buried in different locations by different motives. The identity of the alleged burrowers vary from case to case, sometimes being indigenous peoples, pirates and privateers like Francis Drake or the Jesuits. A significant number of the entierro legends relate to the Spanish Conquest of Chile in the 16th century. Associated to this there is a significant folklore on how to unearth the entierros.

Some people believe that a nocturnal bird called Alicanto can show to treasure hunters the location of entierros.

Patagua trees are said to signal or guide people to an entierro.

Alicanto
The alicanto, in Chilean mythology, is a nocturnal flightless bird of the Atacama desert, which is said to run at night with glowing outspread wings, glittering in the gold or silver color deriving from the precious ores it supposedly eats. Some say it has strangely shining eyes. If the bird can be successfully detected without being noticed, it will lead the miner or prospector to a mother lode of gold or silver. But if the bird detects a human, it is said to extinguish its illumination, then disappear into darkness, or worse, lead the human to a perilous fall from a precipice.
The Island at the Top of the World
The Island at the Top of the World is a 1974 American live-action lost world fantasy adventure film directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Winston Hibler. It was released by Walt Disney Productions, distributed by Buena Vista Distribution and starring Donald Sinden and David Hartman.

Robert Stevenson (filmmaker)
Robert Edward Stevenson (31 March 1905 – 30 April 1986) was a British-American screenwriter and film director.

After directing a number of British films, including King Solomon's Mines (1937), he was contracted by David O. Selznick and moved to Hollywood, but was loaned to other studios, directing Jane Eyre (1943). He directed 19 live-action films for The Walt Disney Company in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.

A prolific filmmaker with a long, distinguished career, Stevenson is probably best remembered for directing the musical fantasy Mary Poppins (1964), for which Julie Andrews won the Academy Award for Best Actress and Stevenson was nominated for Best Director. His other Disney films include the first two Herbie films, The Love Bug (1968) and Herbie Rides Again (1974), as well as Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971). Three of his films featured English actor David Tomlinson.
Illinois Department of Revenue
The Illinois Department of Revenue (IDOR) is the code department of the Illinois state government that collects state taxes, operates the state lottery, oversees the state's casino industry, oversees the state's thoroughbred and harness horse racing industries, and regulates the distribution of alcoholic beverages throughout Illinois, including beer, wine, and liquor. It is headquartered at the Willard Ice Building, 101 West Jefferson in Springfield, Illinois.

Government of Illinois
The Government of Illinois, under the State of Illinois Constitution, has three branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. The State's executive branch is split into several statewide elected offices, with the Governor as chief executive and head of state, and has numerous departments, agencies, boards and commissions. Legislative functions are granted to the General Assembly, a bicameral body consisting of the 118-member House of Representatives and the 59-member Senate. The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court of Illinois and lower courts.
Peggy Guggenheim
Marguerite "Peggy" Guggenheim (/ˈɡʊɡənhaɪm/ GUUG-ən-hyme; August 26, 1898 – December 23, 1979) was an American art collector, bohemian, and socialite. Born to the wealthy New York City Guggenheim family, she was the daughter of Benjamin Guggenheim, who went down with the Titanic in 1912, and the niece of Solomon R. Guggenheim, who established the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Guggenheim collected art in Europe and America between 1938 and 1946. She exhibited this collection as she built it. In 1949, she settled in Venice, where she lived and exhibited her collection for the rest of her life. The Peggy Guggenheim Collection is a modern art museum on the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy, and is one of the most visited attractions in the city.

Roland Penrose
Sir Roland Algernon Penrose CBE (14 October 1900 – 23 April 1984) was an English artist, historian and poet. He was a major promoter and collector of modern art and an associate of the surrealists in the United Kingdom. During the Second World War he put his artistic skills to practical use as a teacher of camouflage.

Penrose married the poet Valentine Boué and then the photographer Lee Miller.
Military Park (Newark)
Military Park is a 6-acre (24,000 m2) city park in downtown Newark in Newark, New Jersey. Along with Lincoln Park and Washington Park, it makes up the three downtown parks in Newark that were laid out in the colonial era. It is a nearly triangular park located between Park Place, Rector Street and Broad Street.

The New Jersey Historical Society, Military Park Building,  the New Jersey Performing Arts Center,  the Robert Treat Center and the newly built One Theatre Square and 50 Rector St buildings are located across Park Place from the park. A $3.25 million renovation led by Dan Biederman was announced in February 2012. The reconstruction was expected to be completed in late  2013, but due to harsh weather was postponed until spring 2014. A casual restaurant, Burg, does business in the park. The park reopened in June 2014.

History of Newark, New Jersey
Newark has long been the largest city in New Jersey. Founded in 1666, it greatly expanded during the Industrial Revolution, becoming the commercial and cultural hub of the region. Its population grew with various waves of migration in the mid-19th century, peaking in 1950. It suffered greatly during the era of urban decline and suburbanization in the late 20th century. Since the millennium it has benefited from interest and re-investment in America's cities, recording population growth in the 2010 and 2020 censuses.
Leo Gregory
Leo Gregory (born 22 November 1978) is a British film and television actor. Notable roles in television and film include EastEnders as Mikey, Samson and Delilah (1996), Octane (2003), Stoned (2005), Green Street (2005), The Mark of Cain (2008), Wild Bill (2011), The Hooligan Factory (2014), and Once Upon a Time in London (2019).

Northmen: A Viking Saga
Northmen: A Viking Saga is a 2014 historical action film by Swiss director Claudio Fäh. It is an English-language film, produced by Swiss production house Elite Film Produktion AG (Zurich) in co-production with Jumping Horse Film GmbH (Germany, Hannover) and Two Oceans Production PTY Ltd. (South Africa, Cape Town).
Sami Agha
Mohammad Sami Agha (born 17 June 1989) is an Afghan cricketer.  Sami is a right-handed batsman.  He was born at Kandahar, Kandahar Province.

Sami played a single match for Afghanistan against Hong Kong in the quarter-finals of the cricket competition at the 2010 Asian Games. Afghanistan eventually won the silver medal.  Sami made his Twenty20 debut for the Afghan Cheetahs in the Faysal Bank Twenty-20 Cup against Rawalpindi Rams.  He played a further match in that competition, against Faisalabad Wolves.  In these two matches, he scored a total of 10 runs at an average of 5.00, with a high score of 10.

He made his first-class debut for Boost Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 26 October 2017.

2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament
The 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament was an edition of the Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament, a cricket tournament in Afghanistan. It was the first edition of the competition to be played with first-class status. The tournament started on 20 October 2017 and finished on 23 December 2017. Five regional teams competed in a double round-robin tournament with the top two teams in the group progressing to the final.

Speen Ghar Region finished first in the group stage and faced Band-e-Amir Region in the final. Band-e-Amir Region won the tournament, beating Speen Ghar Region by 537 runs in the final.
Frank Sinatra Conducts Tone Poems of Color
Frank Sinatra Conducts Tone Poems of Color is a 1956 album of short tone poems by eight notable mid-20th century Hollywood composers.

The album was conducted by Sinatra and marked the first musical collaboration between Sinatra and Gordon Jenkins. Each composition was inspired by the poetry of Norman Sickel.

A chapter discussing the album, "The Colors of Ava: Tone Poems of Color and the Painful Measure of Sinatra's Passions", appears in A Storied Singer: Frank Sinatra as Literary Conceit (Greenwood Press, 2002) by Gilbert L. Gigliotti.

The album was the first to be recorded at the then-newly opened Capitol Studios, which are under the Capitol Records Tower.

Victor Young
Albert Victor Young (August 8, 1899– November 10, 1956)  was an American composer, arranger, violinist and conductor. Young was posthumously awarded the Academy Award for Best Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture for Around the World in 80 Days at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957.
Türkentor (Munich)
The Türkentor (Turks' Gate) is a gatehouse in Munich. It is the only surviving part of the Türkenkaserne (Turk's barracks), built in 1826 for the Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment. The barracks and remaining gatehouse were named after the Türkenstraße on which they were located, which was in turn named after the Türkengraben channel dug along the Kurfürstenstraße by Turkish prisoners of war during the German states' 18th century wars with the Ottoman Empire to provide a waterway as part of the Northern Munich Canal System linking the Munich Residenz with the Schleissheim Palace.

Between 2008 and 2010 the Türkentor was restored with 780,000 euro from the Stiftung Pinakothek der Moderne. It reopened in October 2010 and since then has housed the sculpture Large Red Sphere by the American artist Walter De Maria, which had been purchased by the Stiftung Brandhorst.

Museum Brandhorst
The Brandhorst Museum was opened in Munich on 21 May 2009. It displays about 200 exhibits from the modern art collection of the heirs of the Henkel trust Udo and Anette Brandhorst. In 2009 the Brandhorst Collection comprises more than 700 works.