hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harwood, North Dakota
Harwood is a city in Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 794 at the 2020 census. It has become a bedroom community of the nearby Fargo-Moorhead area. Harwood was founded in 1881.

Fargo–Moorhead
Fargo–Moorhead, also known as the FM area, is a common name given to the metropolitan area comprising Fargo, North Dakota; Moorhead, Minnesota; and the surrounding communities. These two cities lie on the North Dakota–Minnesota border, on opposite banks of the Red River of the North. The region is the cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center of southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota.

The Fargo–Moorhead area is defined by the Census Bureau as comprising all of Cass County, North Dakota and Clay County, Minnesota, which includes the cities of West Fargo, North Dakota, Dilworth Minnesota, and numerous other towns and developments from which commuters travel daily for work, education, and regular activities. A July 1, 2024 census estimate placed the population at 267,793, an increase of 7.2% from the 2020 census, an increase of 28.3% from the 2010 census, and an increase of 53.6% from the 2000 census.
Yadira Caraveo
Yadira D. Caraveo (/jəˈdɪərə ˌkɛərəˈveɪoʊ/ yə-DEER-ə KAIR-ə-VAY-oh; born December 23, 1980) is an American politician and pediatrician who served as the U.S. representative for Colorado's 8th congressional district from 2023 to 2025. A Democrat, she was Colorado's first Latina member of Congress.

She represented the 31st district in the Colorado House of Representatives from 2019 to 2023. The district covered parts of Adams and Weld counties. She was elected to the United States Congress in 2022. Caraveo narrowly lost re-election in 2024 to Republican Gabe Evans. In April 2025, she announced her candidacy to return to Congress in the 2026 election. She withdrew from the race in September 2025, citing her struggle with mental health.

2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the State of Colorado, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections will coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections will take place on June 30, 2026.
State Radio Regulation of China
The State Radio Regulation of China (abbreviated as SRRC) is the radio regulation authority of the People's Republic of China with responsibilities including spectrum management and frequency allocation. It is referred to variously as a bureau or office under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The State Radio Monitoring Center (SRMC) / the State Radio Spectrum Management Center (SRSMC) are two technical centers supporting the SRRC. In contrast the National Radio and Television Administration regulates radio and other media content.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) is the sixth-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information goods, software industry and the promotion of the national knowledge economy.
Dead Lake Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota
Dead Lake Township is a township in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 535 at the 2020 census.

Dead Lake Township was organized in 1897, and named for a local lake commemorating a massacre of the Ojibwe Indians.

Otter Tail County, Minnesota
Otter Tail County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,081, and it was estimated at 60,884 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Fergus Falls.

Otter Tail County comprises the Fergus Falls micropolitan statistical area. With 1,048, Otter Tail County has more lakes than any other county in the United States.
The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N
The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N is a musical with lyrics and music by Oscar Brand and Paul Nassau. The musical book by Benjamin Bernard Zavin is based on Leo Rosten's stories of the fictional character Hyman Kaplan.

Leo Rosten
Leo Calvin Rosten (Yiddish: ליאָ קאַלװין ראָסטען‎; April 11, 1908 – February 19, 1997) was an American writer and humorist in the fields of scriptwriting, storywriting, journalism, and Yiddish lexicography.
Doan Bui
Doan Bui is a French journalist born in Le Mans.

She received the prix Albert-Londres 2013 for her report Les Fantômes du fleuve on migrants trying to penetrate Europe in Greece through Turkey, published by Nouvel Observateur.

In 2016, she was awarded the prix Amerigo Vespucci for her work Le Silence de mon père (Éditions L'Iconoclaste).

Prix Amerigo Vespucci
The prix Amerigo-Vespucci is a French literary award established in 1990, during the first International Festival of Geography (IFG) at Saint-Dié-des-Vosges. It rewards works on the theme of adventure and travel and refers to the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci.

Featuring 2500 euros (in 2014), it is traditionally awarded at the inauguration of the Book Fair. An Amerigo Vespucci Youth Award is also presented.
Timmy Fleming
Timmy Fleming (born 1969 in Killorglin, County Kerry) is an Irish former sportsman. He played Gaelic football with his local club Laune Rangers and was a member of the Kerry senior inter-county team between 1989 and 1994.

Laune Rangers GAA
Laune Rangers is a Gaelic football and Hurling club based in town of Killorglin, County Kerry, Ireland.  The club is affiliated to Kerry GAA.  Rangers won the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship in 1996.
Viktor Yelensky
Viktor Yevhenovych Yelensky (Ukrainian: Віктор Євгенович Єленський; born March 26, 1957, Chadan) is a Ukrainian scholar and public figure, an expert in religious studies, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor. He was a member of the Ukrainian Parliament (the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine) of the 8th convocation.

Ukrainian Strategy of Groysman
The Ukrainian Strategy of Groysman (Ukrainian: Українська стратегія Гройсмана, romanized: Ukrains'ka stratehiia Hroismana, USH) is a Ukrainian political party, led and conceived by former Ukrainian Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman.
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 provides constitutional protection to the indigenous and treaty rights of indigenous peoples in Canada. The section, while within the Constitution of Canada, falls outside the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The section does not define the term "aboriginal rights" or provide a closed list; some examples of the rights that section 35 has been found to protect are fishing, logging, hunting, the right to land (cf. aboriginal title) and the right to enforcement of treaties. There remains a debate over whether the right to indigenous self-government is included within section 35. As of 2006 the Supreme Court of Canada has made no ruling on the matter.  However, since 1995 the Government of Canada has had a policy recognizing the inherent right of self-government under section 35.

Indigenous rights
Indigenous rights are those rights that exist in recognition of the specific condition of indigenous peoples. This includes not only the most basic human rights of physical survival and integrity, but also the rights over their land (including native title), language, religion, and other elements of cultural heritage that are a part of their existence and identity as a people. This can be used as an expression for advocacy of social organizations, or form a part of the national law in establishing the relation between a government and the right of self-determination among its indigenous people, or in international law as a protection against violation of indigenous rights by actions of governments or groups of private interests.
Oberösch
Oberösch is a former municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Oberösch and Niederösch merged into Ersigen.

Emmental (administrative district)
Emmental District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Emmental-Oberaargau administrative region. It contains 40 municipalities with an area of 690.45 km2 (266.58 sq mi) and a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 97,666.
Vyjayanti Vasanta Mogli
Vyjayanti Vasanta Mogli is an Indian transgender activist, RTI activist, singer and motivational speaker. She intervened in the “Suresh Kumar Kaushal & Other vs Naz Foundation & Others” case in the Supreme Court in 2014 in which she highlighted the deleterious effects of conversion or reparative therapy on queer people through her affidavit.

Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation
Suresh Kumar Koushal & Anr. v. NAZ Foundation & Ors. (2013) is a case in which a 2-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India consisting of G. S. Singhvi and S. J. Mukhopadhaya overturned the Delhi High Court verdict in the case Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi and reinstated Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. The Supreme Court of India decided to revisit this judgement after several curative petitions were filed against it, in 2017. Thereby in 2018, in Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, a 5-judge bench of the Supreme Court overturned this 2-member judgement, again decriminalizing homosexuality. Portions of Section 377 relating to sex with minors, non-consensual sexual acts such as rape, and bestiality remain in force.
Digamma function
In mathematics, the digamma function is defined as the logarithmic derivative of the gamma function:

It is the first of the polygamma functions. This function is strictly increasing and strictly concave on , and it asymptotically behaves as

for complex numbers with large modulus () in the sector  for any .

The digamma function is often denoted as  or Ϝ (the uppercase form of the archaic Greek letter digamma meaning double-gamma).

Hurwitz zeta function
In mathematics, the Hurwitz zeta function is one of the many zeta functions. It is formally defined for complex variables s with Re(s) > 1 and a ≠ 0, −1, −2, ... by

This series is absolutely convergent for the given values of s and a and can be extended to a meromorphic function defined for all s ≠ 1. The Riemann zeta function is ζ(s, 1). The Hurwitz zeta function is named after Adolf Hurwitz, who introduced it in 1882.
Fred Eggan
Frederick Russell Eggan (September 12, 1906, in Seattle, Washington – May 7, 1991) was an American anthropologist best known for his innovative application of the principles of British social anthropology to the study of Native American tribes.  He was the favorite student of the British social anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown during Radcliffe-Brown's years at the University of Chicago.  His fieldwork was among Pueblo peoples in the southwestern U.S.  Eggan later taught at Chicago himself.  His students there included Sol Tax.

His best known works include his edited volume Social Anthropology of North American Tribes (1937) and The American Indian (1966).

His wife, Dorothy Way Eggan (1901–1965), whom he married in 1939, was also an anthropologist.

Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, FBA (born Alfred Reginald Brown; 17 January 1881 – 24 October 1955) was an English social anthropologist who helped further develop the theory of structural functionalism. He conducted fieldwork in the Andaman Islands and Western Australia, which became the basis of his later books. He held academic appointments at universities in Cape Town, Sydney, Chicago, and Oxford, and sought to model the field of anthropology after the natural sciences.
Ruhullah Khan
Ruhullah Khan (d. 1691/1692) was one of the highest-ranking nobles of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. He is known for his tenure as the mir bakhshi (paymaster-general) of the empire during the latter's rule. He actively participated in Aurangzeb's military campaigns in the Deccan frontier, such as the Siege of Bijapur (1685–1686) and Siege of Golconda (1687). He served as the subahdar (governor) of Mughal Hyderabad in the province's nascent stages.

Siege of Golconda
The siege of Golconda (1687 CE) was an eight-month military siege of the Golconda Fort (in present-day Telangana, India). This siege was personally directed by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb against the Golconda Sultanate, ruled by king Abul Hasan Qutb Shah. It was the second Mughal siege of the fort, following an aborted attempt by Aurangzeb in 1656 as a prince of emperor Shah Jahan. The event served as the climax of the Golconda Sultanate, which was annexed into the Mughal Empire as a result of the victory of the siege. The military confrontation was one of the final stages in the Mughal Empire's expansion southwards in the Indian subcontinent.

The siege was lengthy and laborious, hampered by the strength of the fort, environmental conditions, and dissent within the Mughal administration. The siege was won only through treachery. It exacerbated drought, famine and epidemic in the region.
Huta Przerębska
Huta Przerębska [ˈxuta pʂɛˈrɛmpska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Masłowice, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) east of Radomsko and 75 km (47 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Masłowice
Gmina Masłowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Masłowice, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) east of Radomsko and 79 km (49 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 116.2 square kilometres (44.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,369.
RiboGreen
RiboGreen is a proprietary fluorescent dye that is used in the detection and quantification of nucleic acids, including both RNA and DNA. It is synthesized and marketed by Molecular Probes/Invitrogen (a division of Life Technologies, now part of Thermo Fisher Scientific)  of Eugene, Oregon, United States. In its free form, RiboGreen exhibits little fluorescence and possesses a negligible absorbance signature. When bound to nucleic acids, the dye fluoresces with an intensity that, according to the manufacturer, is several orders of magnitude greater than the unbound form. The fluorescence can be detected by a sensor and the nucleic acid can be quantified. The presence of protein contaminants in the sample of nucleic acids to be tested does not make significant contributions to the absorbance, and thus allows for the addition of deoxyribonucleases to the protocol in order to degrade DNA, in the instances where one is only interested in detecting or quantifying RNA.

Invitrogen
Invitrogen is one of several brands under the Thermo Fisher Scientific corporation. The product line includes various subbrands of biotechnology products, such as machines and consumables for polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription, cloning, culturing, stem cell production, cell therapy, regenerative medicine, immunotherapy, transfection, DNA/RNA purification, diagnostic tests, antibodies, and immunoassays.

The predecessor corporation was Invitrogen Corporation (formerly traded as Nasdaq: IVGN), headquartered in Carlsbad, California. In 2008, a merger between Applied Biosystems and Invitrogen was finalized, creating Life Technologies. The latter was acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific in 2014.
Lancaster, Virginia
Lancaster is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lancaster County, Virginia, United States. It is the county seat, and is also known as Lancaster Courthouse or by an alternative spelling, Lancaster Court House. The community was first drawn as a CDP prior to the 2020 census and had a population of 105 at the said census.

Lancaster lies along Virginia State Route 3, 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Warsaw and 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Kilmarnock, the largest community in Lancaster County.

Belle Isle and the Lancaster Court House Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Virginia State Route 3
Virginia State Route 3 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia that extends from the town of Culpeper south and eastwardly to Gloucester in Virginia's Middle Peninsula region. For many years, a portion was named "Historyland Highway".
Notas para una cartografía de Filipinas
Notas para una cartografía de Filipinas, subtitled Prelude, Toccata, and Fugues for piano and gangsa, one player, is a work by the contemporary classical composer Jeffrey Ching (Chinese name in Piny''in: Zhuang Zŭxin 莊祖欣, 庄祖欣). It was completed in Berlin on 19 December 2007. The first performances were given by Kyoko Okuni in Münster on 30 September 2008 and by Abelardo Galang II in Osaka on 5 October 2008.

Jeffrey Ching
Jeffrey Ching (Chinese: 莊祖欣; pinyin: Zhuāng Zǔxīn, born 4 November 1965) is a contemporary classical composer. He was born in the Philippines, to Chinese parents. He is married to the operatic soprano Andión Fernández and has two children.

His opera The Orphan was given in the Theater Erfurt in 2009.
Los autonautas de la cosmopista
Los autonautas de la cosmopista ("The Autonauts of the Cosmoroute") is a book written by Julio Cortázar in collaboration with Carol Dunlop, who died shortly before it was published. It narrates the couple's extended expedition along the autoroute from Paris to Marseille during the months of May and June 1982.

Carol Dunlop
Carol Dunlop (April 2, 1946 – November 2, 1982) was a Canadian writer, translator, activist and photographer. She is best known for being the co-author, with her husband the Argentine writer Julio Cortázar, of the book The Autonauts of the Cosmoroute (1982).
Beyond Reasonable Doubt (TV series)
Beyond Reasonable Doubt is an Australian documentary series broadcast by the ABC in 1977. Presented by criminologist professor Gordon Hawkins, it had 4 episodes revisiting four different criminal cases. The cases involving Ronald Ryan, Alexander McLeod-Lindsay Leith Ratten, and Frits Van Beelen had their evidence re-examined and it was questioned whether the cases were proven beyond reasonable doubt. It was created by Geoff Daniels and produced by ABC's feature group.

Ronald Ryan
Ronald Joseph Ryan (21 February 1925 – 3 February 1967) was the last person to be legally executed in Australia. Ryan was found guilty of shooting and killing warder George Hodson during an escape from Pentridge Prison, Victoria, in 1965. Ryan's hanging was met with public protests by those opposed to capital punishment. Capital punishment was abolished in all states by 1985.
Toronto National Sea Fleas
The Toronto National Sea Fleas were a senior men's amateur ice hockey team that won the 1932 Allan Cup, and also represented Canada at the 1933 World Ice Hockey Championships held in Prague, Czechoslovakia where the team lost the final game to the United States in overtime to capture the silver medal for Canada.

The 1932 team which won the Allan Cup was coached by Harry Watson, who as a player had won an Olympic gold medal with a 1924 Toronto Granites.  Watson stepped down as head coach prior to the 1933 World Championships, to be replaced by Harold Ballard for the 1933 tournament and season.

The Toronto National Sea Fleas played as part of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) in the OHA Senior A League. The team were finalists for the league championship in 1930, and won the J. Ross Robertson Cup as league champions in 1932.

Harry Watson (ice hockey, born 1898)
Harry Ellis "Moose" Watson (July 14, 1898 — September 11, 1957) was a Canadian amateur ice hockey player. He was a member of the Toronto Granites team that won a gold medal for Canada in ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics. He was posthumously inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962, and into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1998.
Nolita
40°43′21″N 73°59′43″W﻿ / ﻿40.722542°N 73.9951515°W﻿ / 40.722542; -73.9951515

Nolita, sometimes written as NoLIta and deriving from "Northern Little Italy", is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Nolita is situated in Lower Manhattan, bounded on the north by Houston Street, on the east by the Bowery, on the south roughly by Broome Street, and on the west by Lafayette Street. It lies east of SoHo, south of NoHo, west of the Lower East Side, and north of Little Italy and Chinatown.

Little Australia
Little Australia is the name of communities of the Australian diaspora  in the United States, Canada, Japan, and the United Kingdom.  Common features of  Australian culture in   "Little Australia" include shops selling Australasian goods and restaurants lining the streets. A "Little Australia" strives essentially to have a sample of the culture of Australia transplanted to the midst of a large non-Australian city.
2024 Rio Open
The 2024 Rio Open, also known as Rio Open presented by Claro for sponsorship reasons, was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 10th edition of the Rio Open, and part of the ATP Tour 500 tournaments of the 2024 ATP Tour. It took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between February 19–25, 2024.

João Fonseca (tennis)
João Franca Guimarães Fonseca (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w fõˈsekɐ]; born 21 August 2006) is a Brazilian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 24, achieved on 3 November 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 160, reached on 23 February 2026. He is the current No. 1 singles player from Brazil.

Fonseca has won two ATP Tour singles titles at the 2025 Argentina Open and 2025 Swiss Indoors and one doubles title, at the 2026 Rio Open.

Fonseca is also the 2024 NextGen Finals champion.
Amoonguna
Amoonguna or Imengkwerne is a community in Rodinga Ward of the MacDonnell Region in the Northern Territory of Australia, 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Alice Springs.

The community features in the 2022 SBS Television police drama miniseries, True Colours.

True Colours (Australian TV series)
True Colours is an Australian drama miniseries broadcast from 4 July 2022 on SBS TV and NITV. The four-part miniseries was created, written and directed by Erica Glynn and Steven McGregor, and stars Rarriwuy Hick as a detective in a remote community in the Northern Territory.
2020 Lekki shooting
On the night of 20 October 2020, at about 6:50 p.m., members of the Nigerian Army opened fire on unarmed End SARS protesters at the Lekki toll gate (Admiralty Circle Plaza) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Amnesty International stated that at least 12 protesters were killed during the shooting. A day after the incident, on 21 October, the governor of Lagos State, Babajide Sanwo-olu, denied reports of any loss of lives, but later admitted in an interview with a CNN journalist that "only two persons were killed".

The Nigerian Army initially denied involvement in the shooting, but later stated that it had deployed soldiers to the toll gate on the orders of the governor of Lagos State. A month after the shooting, following a CNN documentary on the shooting, the Nigerian Army admitted to the Lagos Judiciary panel of inquiry into the shooting that it had deployed its personnel to the toll gate with both live and blank bullets.

DJ Switch (Nigerian DJ)
Obianuju Catherine Udeh Listenⓘ (born 1983 or 1984), professionally known as DJ Switch, is a Nigerian disc jockey who emerged as the winner of the first edition of The Glo X Factor in 2013 at the age of 29. She is the last of eight children, from Udi in Enugu State, a Geology graduate from University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State and now a professional disc jockey.