hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hezekiah Woodward
Hezekiah Woodward (1590–1675) was an English nonconformist minister and educator, who was involved in the pamphlet wars of the 1640s. He was a Comenian in educational theory, and an associate of Samuel Hartlib. He was one of those articulating the Puritan argument against the celebration of Christmas.

Samuel Hartlib
Samuel Hartlib or Hartlieb (c. 1600 – 10 March 1662) was a polymath of German-Polish origin, who settled, married and died in England. He was the son of Georg Hartlieb, a German merchant in Elbing (Elbląg), whose family had migrated to Poland at the beginning of the 16th century, and Elizabeth Langthon, a daughter of a rich English merchant in Danzig (Gdańsk). Hartlib was a noted promoter and writer in fields that included science, medicine, agriculture, politics and education. He was a contemporary of Robert Boyle, whom he knew well, and a neighbour of Samuel Pepys in Axe Yard, London, in the early 1660s. He studied briefly at the University of Cambridge upon arriving in England.
Beastmaster (TV series)
Beastmaster is an Australian-Canadian-American television series that aired from 1999 to 2002. It was loosely based on the 1982 MGM film, The Beastmaster, which was itself loosely adapted from the 1959 novel The Beast Master by American author Alice "Andre" Norton. The series aired 66 episodes over three complete seasons. It was produced by Coote/Hayes Productions.

The series was nominated for the Open Craft Award in the category of cinematography by the Australian Film Institute in 2000, and for the Saturn Award for Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films, USA, in 2001. It did not win any of them.

Emilie de Ravin
Emilie de Ravin (/ˈɛməli də ˈrævɪn/; born 27 December 1981) is an Australian actress. She first gained recognition for playing Tess Harding on The WB's science fiction television series Roswell (2000–2002). She went on to portray Claire Littleton on the ABC drama series Lost (2004–2008, 2010), and Belle on the ABC fantasy adventure series Once Upon a Time (2011–2018). De Ravin's film credits include Santa's Slay (2005), The Hills Have Eyes (2006) and Ball Don't Lie (2008), Brick (2005), Public Enemies (2009) and Remember Me (2010).
The Woods (comic)
The Woods is a serialized graphic novel written by James Tynion IV, with art by Michael Dialynas. In the story, more than 500 students, faculty, and staff from a Midwestern preparatory school vanish from Earth, and reappear on the forested moon of a planet in another star system.

The Woods was published by Boom! Studios in 36 issues, from May 2014 to October 2017. Distributors bought every copy of the first issue the day it was made available for wholesale purchase; Boom Studios! issued a second printing with a slightly different cover design. The entire series was later anthologized in nine volumes, which Boom! Studios published from September 2014 to March 2018.

Honours for The Woods include "Best Graphic Novel for Young Adults" (YALSA, 2016) and the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comic Book (2017).

Boom! Studios
Boom! Studios (stylized as BOOM! Studios), is an American comic book and graphic novel publisher. They are headquartered in Los Angeles, California, United States. As of September 2024, the company is a subsidiary division of Penguin Random House.
Druk Phuensum Tshogpa
Druk Phuensum Tshogpa  (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ།; Wylie: 'brug phun-sum tshog-pa; translation: Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party; abbr. DPT) is one of the major political parties in Bhutan. It was formed on 25 July 2007 as a merger of the All People's Party and the Bhutan People's United Party, which were both short-lived. The working committee of the merged entity, headed by the former home minister, Jigmi Yoezer Thinley, decided on the name for the new party. On 15 August 2007, Jigmi Yoezer Thinley was elected president of the party, and the party applied for registration, thus becoming the second political party in Bhutan to do so. On 2 October 2007, the Election Commission of Bhutan registered the party. On 24 March 2008, the party won the first general election held in Bhutan. The party secured 45 of the 47 seats to the National Assembly. The party tends to be more popular in the east of the country.

All People's Party (Bhutan)
The All People's Party (APP) is a former political party in Bhutan. Its leader was former Prime Minister Jigme Y. Thinley.

On July 25, 2007, the relatively strong APP merged with the failing Bhutan People's Unity Party, led by former lyonpo (assemblyman) Yeshey Zimba; the two parties unified as the Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party. Both the PUP and APP had been registered with the Election Commission.
Turkish March (Beethoven)
The Turkish March (Marcia alla turca) is a classical march theme by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was written for the 1809 Six Variations, Op. 76, and is in the Turkish style. Later, in 1811, Beethoven included the Turkish March in a play by August von Kotzebue called The Ruins of Athens (Op. 113), premiering in Budapest, Hungary, in 1812.

The march is in B-flat major, tempo vivace, and 24 time. Its dynamic scheme highly suggests a procession passing by, starting pianissimo, poco a poco, rising to a fortissimo climax, and then receding to pianissimo by the coda.

August von Kotzebue
August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (German: [ˈaʊɡʊst fɔn ˈkɔtsəbuː], Russian: Евстафий Леонтьевич Коцебу, romanized: Yevstafiy Leontyevich Kotsebu; 3 May [O.S. 22 April] 1761 – 23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1819) was a German playwright, who had also worked as a Russian diplomat.

In 1817, one of Kotzebue's books was burned during the Wartburg festival. He was murdered in 1819 by Karl Ludwig Sand, a militant member of the Burschenschaften. This murder gave Metternich the pretext to issue the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, which dissolved the Burschenschaften, cracked down on the liberal press, and seriously restricted academic freedom in the states of the German Confederation.
Fereej Bin Durham
Fereej Bin Durham (Arabic: فريج بن درهم; also spelled as Fereej bin Derhem) is a Qatari district in the municipality of Doha. Together with Al Mansoura, it makes up Qatar's Zone 25, which has a population of 37,082.

The district is in close proximity to Doha's business center and logistics focal points on the east coast, such as Hamad International Airport and Grand Hamad Street, making it a popular choice for commercial operators to set up in. It is also relatively close to some of Doha's major population centers such as Mushayrib. Bin Dirham Plaza, developed by Just Real Estate, is one such major project to capitalize on Fereej Bin Durham's location, having launched as a major 7-storey office project in 2017. Since the 2010s, the district has seen a significant increase in expatriate workers, primarily from South Asia, residing here. Furthermore, along with neighboring Al Mansoura, it has gained a reputation as an affordable commercial and activity hub.

Zone 25, Qatar
Zone 25 is a zone of the municipality of Doha in Qatar. The main districts recorded in the 2015 population census were Fereej Bin Durham and Al Mansoura.

Since the 2010s, the zone has seen a significant increase in expatriate workers residing here. Furthermore, it has gained a reputation as an affordable commercial and activity hub.
Richard Roby
Richard Roby (born September 28, 1985) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Shinshu Brave Warriors of the Japanese B.League.  He attended high school at Lawrence Academy at Groton, Massachusetts. Roby attended the University of Colorado at Boulder and played for the Buffaloes from 2004 to 2008.  He averaged 17 points and 5.5 rebounds during his career for the Buffaloes. He graduated as Colorado's all-time leading scorer, doing so in his final collegiate game.

Lawrence Academy (Groton, Massachusetts)
Lawrence Academy at Groton is a private, nonsectarian, co-educational college-preparatory boarding school located in Groton, Massachusetts. Founded in 1792 as Groton Academy and chartered in 1793 by Governor John Hancock, Lawrence is the tenth-oldest boarding school in the United States and the third-oldest in Massachusetts, following The Governor's Academy (1763) and Phillips Academy at Andover (1778).
Leaky mode
A leaky mode or tunneling mode in an optical fiber or other waveguide is a mode having an electric field that decays monotonically for a finite distance in the transverse direction but becomes oscillatory everywhere beyond that finite distance. Such a mode gradually "leaks" out of the waveguide as it travels down it, producing attenuation even if the waveguide is perfect in every respect.  In order for a leaky mode to be definable as a mode, the relative amplitude of the oscillatory part (the leakage rate) must be sufficiently small that the mode substantially maintains its shape as it decays.

Leaky modes correspond to leaky rays in the terminology of geometric optics.
The propagation of light through optical fibre can take place via meridional rays or skew rays. These skew rays suffer only partial reflection while meridional rays are completely guided. Thus the modes allowing propagation of skew rays are called leaky modes. 
Some optical power is lost into clad due to these modes.

Normal mode
A normal mode of a dynamical system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation.  The free motion described by the normal modes takes place at fixed frequencies.  These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as its natural frequencies or resonant frequencies.  A physical object, such as a building, bridge, or molecule, has a set of normal modes and their natural frequencies that depend on its structure, materials and boundary conditions.

The most general motion of a linear system is a superposition of its normal modes. The modes are "normal" in the sense that they move independently. An excitation of one mode will never cause excitation of a different mode. In mathematical terms, normal modes are orthogonal to each other.
Alluroididae
Alluroididae is a family of annelids belonging to the order Haplotaxida.

Genera:

Alluroides Beddard, 1894

Barryjamiesonia Ljunström, 1971

Brinkhurstia Jamieson, 1968

Kathrynella Omodeo, 1996

Righiella Omodeo & Coates, 2001

Standeria Jamieson, 1968

Haplotaxida
The Haplotaxida are one of two orders within the annelid subclass Oligochaeta, the other being the Lumbriculida. No real common name exists, but they are simply referred to as haplotaxids.

Given that the other clitellatan annelids are embedded between and around the Haplotaxida and Lumbriculida, the traditional Oligochaeta are a paraphyletic assemblage. Thus, the Haplotaxida might eventually be up-ranked to subclass status within the Clitellata or an expanded Oligochaeta, with the present suborders advancing to order rank. The latter – though without merging the Oligochaeta and Clitellata – has been proposed time and again in the past, most prominently for the distinct Moniligastrina.
Suspol, Leh
Suspol, also spelled Saspol, is a village and eponymous tehsil headquarter in the Leh district of Ladakh in India.

Saspol village is home to Saspol Caves. The interior walls of some of these caves are decorated with unique 15th century CE wall paintings.

Saspol Caves
Saspol Caves (a.k.a. Gon-Nila-Phuk Cave Temples) are situated in the hills behind Saspol, Ladakh, India, which is about 76 km from the city centre of Leh. Paintings exist in five caves, two of them extensively damaged. One of the painted caves, that have been given a coat of lime wash and red paint in the exterior is the most visited and is considered as the main cave. The paintings of Anuttarayoga Tantra (also known as Yoganiruttaratantra) in the main cave are very rare for the period of execution. These caves are under the administration of Likir Monastery.
Griselda (Vivaldi)
Griselda (Italian pronunciation: [ɡriˈzɛlda]) is a dramma per musica in three acts that was composed by Antonio Vivaldi. The opera uses a revised version of the 1701 Italian libretto by Apostolo Zeno that was based on Giovanni Boccaccio's The Decameron (X, 10, "The Patient Griselda"). The celebrated Venetian playwright Carlo Goldoni was hired to adapt the libretto for Vivaldi. The opera was first performed in Venice at the Teatro San Samuele on 18 May 1735.

Carlo Goldoni
Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (/ɡɒlˈdoʊni/, also US: /ɡɔːlˈ-, ɡoʊlˈ-/, Italian: [ˈkarlo oˈzvaldo ɡolˈdoːni]; 25 February 1707 – 6 February 1793) was an Italian playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venice. His works include some of Italy's most famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays of Goldoni for their ingenious mix of wit and honesty. His plays offered his contemporaries images of themselves, often dramatizing the lives, values, and conflicts of the emerging middle classes. Though he wrote in French and Italian, his plays make rich use of the Venetian language, regional vernacular, and colloquialisms. Goldoni also wrote under the pen name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he claimed in his memoirs the "Arcadians of Rome" bestowed on him.
PS Comet
PS (paddle steamer) Comet was built in 1812 for Henry Bell, a Scottish engineer who with his wife had become proprietor of the Baths Hotel offering sea bathing in Helensburgh. On 15 August 1812, Bell's ship began a passenger service on the River Clyde, connecting Helensburgh to Greenock and Glasgow. This was the first commercially successful steamboat service in Europe. Bell obtained the engine from John Robertson of Glasgow, and the ship was built for him by John and Charles Wood of Port Glasgow.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Rajkowy
Rajkowy [rai̯ˈkɔvɨ] (historical names: Raicovo, Raycow, Raichowe, Reykow, Reichenek; Kashubian: Rôjkòwë; Raikau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pelplin, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is a historically significant village in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Gmina Pelplin
Gmina Pelplin is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Pelplin, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Tczew and 50 km (31 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 140.45 square kilometres (54.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 16,547 (out of which the population of Pelplin amounts to 8,486, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,061).
M61 Vulcan
The M61 Vulcan is a hydraulically, electrically, or pneumatically driven, six-barrel, air-cooled, electrically fired Gatling-style rotary cannon which fires 20 mm × 102 mm (0.787 in × 4.016 in) rounds at an extremely high rate (typically 6,000 rounds per minute). The M61 and its derivatives have been the principal cannon armament of United States military fixed-wing aircraft for over sixty years.

Designed in 1946 by General Electric, the Vulcan entered service with the U.S. military in 1959. As of 2000, it was produced by General Dynamics. It is also manufactured under license in Japan by Sumitomo Heavy Industries for Japan's Self-Defense Force and by SNT Dynamics in South Korea.

U.S. helicopter armament subsystems
Helicopter armament systems developed by the United States military since the early 1960s include offensive and defensive weapons and gear of various types, including machine guns, grenade launchers, autocannon, and rockets.
Congolese Trade Union Confederation
The Congolese Trade Union Confederation (Confédération syndicale congolaise, CSC) is a trade union centre in Republic of the Congo.

Seeking greater political reform and the establishment of multiparty politics, the CSC unsuccessfully sought its independence from the ruling Congolese Labour Party (PCT) in 1990. It led a general strike and protests in September–October 1990, causing the PCT regime to allow the creation of other political parties and leading to the 1991 National Conference.

Jean-Michel Bokamba-Yangouma was the Secretary-General of the CSC from 1974 to 1997. An ally of President Pascal Lissouba, he fled into exile at the end of the 1997 civil war.

The CSC is affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions.

Jean-Michel Bokamba-Yangouma
Jean-Michel Bokamba-Yangouma (died 23 June 2020) was a Congolese politician. He was a prominent political figure from the 1970s to the 1990s, heading the Congolese Trade Union Confederation (Confédération syndicale congolaise, CSC). He was the President of the General Movement for the Construction of Congo (Mouvement général pour la construction du Congo, MGCC), a political party.
Goshen, Ohio
Goshen (/ˈɡoʊʃən/ GOH-shən) is a census-designated place in central Goshen Township, Clermont County, Ohio, United States.  The population was 715 at the 2020 census. It is centered on State Route 28 (especially where it overlaps with State Routes 132 and 48), approximately midway between Milford and Blanchester.

Clermont County, Ohio
Clermont County (/ˈklɛərmɒnt/ CLARE-mont), is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 208,601. Ordinanced in 1800 as part of the Virginia Military District, Clermont is Ohio's eighth oldest county, the furthest county west in Appalachian Ohio, and the eleventh oldest county of the former Northwest Territory. Clermont County is part of the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. 
The county is named from the French "clear hills or mountain."
Its county seat is Batavia, while its largest city is Milford.
Jim Courier
James Spencer Courier (born August 17, 1970) is an American former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 58 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 1992. Courier won 23 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including four majors – two at the French Open and two at the Australian Open – and was the youngest man in the Open Era to reach the final of all four singles majors, after reaching the final of the 1993 Wimbledon Championships aged 22 years, 319 days, a record that stood until Carlos Alcaraz achieved the same feat aged 22 years, 266 days at the 2026 Australian Open. He also won five Masters titles and was part of the victorious United States Davis Cup teams in 1992 and 1995.

Since 2005, Courier has worked as a tennis commentator, notably for Nine (and previously Seven), the host broadcaster of the Australian Open. He is also an analyst for Tennis Channel and Prime Video Sport.

Seven Sport
Seven Sport is the brand and production department under which all sporting events on the Australian Seven Network are broadcast. It broadcasts some of Australia's most prominent sporting events, such as the AFL and cricket, as well as horse racing and motor racing.

Seven Sport previously broadcast tennis (headlined by the Australian Open) and the Olympics & Paralympics for the best part of half a century, exclusively since the early 1970s and Moscow 1980 respectively. Seven lost the broadcast rights to both to arch-rival the Nine Network in 2018 (which commenced a year early in 2019) and 2022 respectively (having broadcast London 2012 in the past and re-commenced with Paris 2024). It caused the biggest ever 'shake-up' of Australian television sports broadcasting with widespread media coverage and public discussion at the time.
Buckmaster equation
In mathematics, the Buckmaster equation is a second-order nonlinear partial differential equation, named after John D. Buckmaster, who derived the equation in 1977. The equation models the surface of a thin sheet of viscous liquid. The equation was derived earlier by S. H. Smith and by P Smith, but these earlier derivations focused on the steady version of the equation.

The Buckmaster equation is

where  is a known parameter.

John D. Buckmaster
John David Buckmaster is an Emeritus Professor of Department of Aerospace Engineering at University of Illinois, specialized in the field of combustion He finished his bachelor's degree from Imperial College London in 1962 and completed PhD under the supervision of Geoffrey S. S. Ludford from Cornell University in 1969.
Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)
Mark Singleton is a scholar and practitioner of yoga. He studied yoga intensively in India, and became a qualified yoga teacher, until returning to England to study divinity and research the origins of modern postural yoga. His doctoral dissertation, which argued that posture-based forms of yoga represent a radical break from haṭha yoga tradition, with different goals, and an unprecedented emphasis on āsanas, was later published in book form as the widely-read Yoga Body.

Singleton was a senior research fellow at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London, working on the European Research Council-funded Hatha Yoga Project. As an editor of scholarly texts and essays on yoga, his works have been widely praised and well received by scholars. Gurus of Modern Yoga and Roots of Yoga are both considered important contributions to the field of yoga.

B. K. S. Iyengar
Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar (14 December 1918 – 20 August 2014) was an Indian teacher of yoga and author. He is the founder of the style of yoga as exercise called "Iyengar Yoga", and was considered one of the foremost yoga gurus in the world. He was the author of many books on yoga practice and philosophy including Light on Yoga, Light on Pranayama, Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, and Light on Life. Iyengar was one of the earliest students of Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, who is often called "the father of modern yoga". He has been credited with popularizing yoga, first in India and then around the world.

The Indian government awarded Iyengar the Padma Shri in 1991, the Padma Bhushan in 2002, and the Padma Vibhushan in 2014. In 2004, Iyengar was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine.
Banco Ambrosiano
Banco Ambrosiano (Italian pronunciation: [ˈban.ko am.broˈzja.no]; lit. 'Milanese Bank') was an Italian bank that was established in 1896 and collapsed in 1982. The Vatican-based Institute for the Works of Religion, commonly known as the Vatican Bank, was Banco Ambrosiano's main shareholder.

Carlo De Benedetti
Carlo De Benedetti (born 14 November 1934) is an Italian industrialist, engineer, and publisher. He is both an Italian and naturalized Swiss citizen. He was awarded the Order of Merit for Labour by the Italian state in 1983, the Medaglia d'oro ai benemeriti della cultura e dell'arte (gold medal of culture and art) and the Legion d'Honneur in 1987.

De Benedetti is chairman of the Rodolfo De Benedetti Foundation (Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti) in Milan, which he founded in 1998 in memory of his father. It promotes research into economic policy decisions regarding the labour market and welfare systems in Europe. In 2020, De Benedetti spent €10 million setting up Domani, a new liberal newspaper headquartered in Rome.