hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Left-right planarity test
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the left-right planarity test
or de Fraysseix–Rosenstiehl planarity criterion is a characterization of planar graphs based on the properties of the depth-first search trees, published by de Fraysseix and  Rosenstiehl (1982, 1985) and used by them with Patrice Ossona de Mendez to develop a linear time planarity testing algorithm. In a 2003 experimental comparison of six planarity testing algorithms, this was one of the fastest algorithms tested.

Planarity testing
In graph theory, the planarity testing problem is the algorithmic problem of testing whether a given graph is a planar graph (that is, whether it can be drawn in the plane without edge intersections). This is a well-studied problem in computer science for which many practical algorithms have emerged, many taking advantage of novel data structures. Most of these methods operate in O(n) time (linear time), where n is the number of edges (or vertices) in the graph, which is asymptotically optimal. Rather than just being a single Boolean value, the output of a planarity testing algorithm may be a planar graph embedding, if the graph is planar, or an obstacle to planarity such as a Kuratowski subgraph if it is not.
Pneuma (journal)
Pneuma: The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies is a peer reviewed theological journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies. It was established in 1979 and William Menzies (scholar) served as its first editor-in-chief. The current editor-in-chief is L. William Oliverio (Northwest University).

Society for Pentecostal Studies
The Society for Pentecostal Studies (SPS) is an American scholarly association of biblical scholars, theologians, and others who are members of Pentecostal churches or are involved in the Charismatic Renewal. It was founded in 1970.  The members of the Society consider themselves responsible for recording the history and developing the theology of these grassroots movements that have influenced Christianity worldwide.
1978 Grand Prix (tennis)
The 1978 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix was a professional tennis circuit held that year. It consisted of four Grand Slam tournaments, the Grand Prix tournaments and the Nations Cup, a team event. In addition eight World Championship Tennis (WCT) tournaments, a separate professional tennis circuit held from 1971 through 1977, were incorporated into the Grand Prix circuit. The 28 tournaments with prize money of $175,000 or more formed the Super Series category. Jimmy Connors won 10 of the 84 tournaments which secured him the first place in the Grand Prix points ranking. However he did not play enough tournaments (13) to qualify for largest share ($300,000) of the bonus pool, which instead went to third–ranked Eddie Dibbs.

Grand Prix tennis circuit
The ITF Grand Prix Circuit  was a professional tennis tour for male players founded in 1970 as the ILTF Grand Prix Tennis Circuit  it was administered by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and ran annually until 1989 when it and the rival WCT Circuit were replaced by a single world wide ATP Tour.

The women's tour the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix Circuit ran from 1971 to 1976. It's events were absorbed to form the Colgate International Series.
Mirza Ghalib (TV series)
Mirza Ghalib is an Indian Historical drama television drama series written and produced by poet Gulzar. The series was aired on Doordarshan National in 1988. Naseeruddin Shah played the role of Mirza Ghalib, the famous classical Urdu and Persian poet from Mughal Empire during British colonial rule. The series featured ghazals sung and composed by Jagjit Singh and Chitra Singh.

DD National
DD National (formerly DD1) is an Indian state-owned entertainment television channel, founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. It is the flagship channel of Doordarshan, launched 
on 15 September 1959. India's public service broadcaster, and the oldest and most widely available terrestrial television channel in India.
2022–23 Colgate Raiders men's ice hockey season
The 2022–23 Colgate Raiders Men's ice hockey season was the 93rd season of play for the program and the 62nd in the ECAC Hockey conference. The Raiders represented the Colgate University, played their home games at Class of 1965 Arena and were coached by Don Vaughan, in his 30th season as their head coach.

2022–23 ECAC Hockey men's season
The 2022–23 ECAC Hockey men's season was the 62nd season of play for ECAC Hockey and took place during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season. The regular season began on October 1, 2022, and concluded on February 25, 2023. Colgate won the conference tournament on March 18, 2023, and received an automatic bid for the 2023 ECAC Hockey men's ice hockey tournament. Quinnipiac won the 2023 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament, become the first conference member to win a national title since 2014.
The Mystery of Betty Bonn
The Mystery of Betty Bonn (German: Das Geheimnis um Betty Bonn) is a 1938 German adventure film directed by Robert A. Stemmle and starring Maria Andergast, Theodor Loos and Hans Nielsen. The film was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin with sets designed by the art directors Wilhelm Depenau and Ludwig Reiber. It was made by the leading German company UFA, based on a novel by Friedrich Lindemann.

Ludwig Reiber
Ludwig Reiber (1904–1979) was a German art director. The veteran Reiber worked on film and television set design from the silent era to the early 1970s. He was employed by the Munich-based Bavaria Film at the Emelka Studios. He worked on two Alfred Hitchcock films during the 1920s that were shot at Emekla. Following the Second World War he was employed on several European-made Hollywood productions such as Decision Before Dawn and Paths of Glory.
Battle of Famars
The Battle of Famars was fought on 23 May 1793 during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition. An Allied Austrian, Hanoverian, and British army under Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld defeated the French Army of the North led by François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche. The battle occurred near the village of Famars in northern France, five km south of Valenciennes.

François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche
François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche (14 July 1733 – 18 May 1814) briefly commanded a French army during the French Revolutionary Wars. He served in the French Royal Army as a cavalryman. In 1792 he was raised to the rank of general officer and fought at Valmy and Jemappes. The following year he led his troops at Neerwinden, was promoted to general of division and appointed to lead the Army of the North. Within three weeks he was defeated at Famars and resigned his army command. Soon afterward, he was denounced by the Revolutionary authorities and sacked, but he was lucky to escape the guillotine. A young Michel Ney served as his aide de camp. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 5.
BMW M2B15
The BMW M2B15 was BMW's first flat-twin engine. Manufactured from 1920 to 1923, the M2B15 was intended to be a portable industrial engine, but it was used by several German motorcycle manufacturers to power their motorcycles.

In 1920, BMW engineer Max Friz reverse-engineered the engine of foreman Martin Stolle's 1914 Douglas motorcycle and developed a similar 500 cc side-valve flat engine from it. This was referred to internally as the Type M2B15 and offered for sale officially as the "Bayern Motor". The engine was tried out by various motorcycle manufacturers. Starting in 1920, Victoria of Nuremberg used the engine in their KR 1 motorcycle, and other manufacturers such as SMW and Bison also fitted it.

Bayerische Flugzeugwerke used the M2B15 engine in their Helios motorcycle.  BMW inherited the Helios when it was merged with BFW in 1922.

Max Friz
Max Friz (October 1, 1883 – June 9, 1966) was a German mechanical engineer specializing in engine design.  He was the key contributor of engine design and innovation that led to the founding of Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH (BMW) in 1917.
Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's cross-country
The women's cross-country mountain biking at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place at the Laoshan Mountain Bike Course on August 23, 2008.

Germany's Sabine Spitz opened up a commanding, one-minute lead from the rest of the field and then stayed out in front to a spectacular finish with a gold-medal time in 1:45:11. Trailing behind the leader by more than forty seconds, Poland's Maja Włoszczowska took home the silver in 1:45:52, while Russian rider Irina Kalentieva held off a tight battle with Canada's Catharine Pendrel down the final lap to grab the bronze in 1:46:28. Among the 30 mountain bikers who competed in the cross-country race, only eighteen of them managed to complete the full distance.

Catharine Pendrel
Catharine Pendrel (born September 30, 1980) is a Canadian cross-country mountain biker from Harvey, New Brunswick. A member of the Canadian National team since 2004, Pendrel was the world champion in cross-country mountain biking in 2011 and 2014 and the 2007 Pan American Games champion. She is also the current reigning Commonwealth Games champion when she won gold in Glasgow. Additionally, Pendrel is the 2010 World Cup Champion as well as the winner of the 2012 UCI and 2016 World Cup Series. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
Springboig
Springboig is a neighbourhood in the east end of the Scottish city of Glasgow, situated north of the River Clyde. Administratively, it has been within the city's East Centre ward since 2017, having previously been in the Baillieston ward.

Springboig is bordered to the south by Shettleston and Budhill, to the east by Barlanark and Sandymount Cemetery, directly to the west by Greenfield with Carntyne, St Andrews Secondary School, Lightburn Hospital and Greenfield Park beyond, and to the north by the Edinburgh Road (A8), with Cranhill and Queenslie on the opposite side of the carriageways.

A8 road (Scotland)
The A8 is a major road in Scotland, connecting Edinburgh to Greenock via Glasgow. Its importance diminished following the construction of the M8 motorway which also covers the route between Edinburgh and Glasgow.
Saskatoon Fringe Festival
The Saskatoon Fringe Festival produced by 25th Street Theatre is an annual Fringe theatre festival in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. A Fringe Festival is not censored, and not juried, provides live theatre inexpensively, and a public busking forum for musicians.  The 10-day international theatre, arts, and culture Festival is hosted annually in the Broadway District in the Nutana neighborhood.

The Festival is open from August 3rd - 12th, 2023. The event is located W.E. Graham Park and on 11th Street East in Saskatoon, and will expand onto Broadway Avenue for August 5th and 6th. The 2023 theatre venues include The Broadway Theatre, The Refinery Arts Centre, and The Cosmo Civic Seniors Centre.

The festival is a major tourism destination drawing 40-50,000 people attend the site each year.

Nutana, Saskatoon
Nutana is a primarily residential neighbourhood located near the centre of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It includes the business district of Broadway Avenue.  It comprises a nearly even mixture of low-density, single detached dwellings and apartment-style multiple unit dwellings. As of 2009, the area is home to 6,261 residents. The neighbourhood is considered a middle to upper-income area, with an average family income of $67,657, an average dwelling value of $206,830 and a home ownership rate of 51.3%. First established in 1883, Nutana was the original settlement of what now makes up the city of Saskatoon.
Sula (Dnieper)
The Sula (Ukrainian: Сула) is a left tributary of the Dnieper with a total length of 363 kilometres (226 mi) and a drainage basin of 19,600 square kilometres (7,600 sq mi).

The river flows into the Dnieper through the Kremenchuk Reservoir, with which it forms a large delta with numerous islands, on which rare kinds of birds live. An important tributary is the Uday, smaller ones being Orzhytsya, Sliporid, Romen and Tern.

Large cities located on the river are Romny, Lokhvytsia and Lubny.

Lubny
Lubny (Ukrainian: Лубни, pronounced [lʊbˈnɪ]), historically also called Lubni (Ukrainian: Лубні) is a city in Poltava Oblast, central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Lubny Raion. It also hosts the administration of Lubny urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 44,089 (2022 estimate).
Matthew Newcomen
Matthew Newcomen (c. 1610 – 1 September 1669) was an English nonconformist churchman.

His exact date of birth is unknown.  He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge (M.A. 1633). In 1636 he became lecturer at Dedham in Essex, and led the church reform party in that county. He assisted Edmund Calamy the Elder in writing Smectymnuus (1641), and preached before parliament in 1643. He was multi-talented, excelling in preaching and debate, and was offered several lucrative positions.

He protested against the extreme democratic proposals called The Agreement of the People (1647), and was one of the commissioners at the Savoy Synod of 1658. When the Act of Uniformity was passed in 1662, Newcomen lost his living, but was soon invited to the pastorate at Leiden, where he was held in high esteem not only by his own people but by the university professors. He died of plague in 1669.

Dedham, Essex
Dedham is a village and civil parish in the City of Colchester district of Essex, England. It is near the River Stour, which is the border of Essex and Suffolk. The nearest town to Dedham is the small market town of Manningtree. The area around Dedham is recognised for its natural beauty, being designated as the Dedham Vale National Landscape. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,992.
Lemon to a Knife Fight
"Lemon to a Knife Fight" is a song by English rock band the Wombats. It was released as the lead single from the band's fourth album, Beautiful People Will Ruin Your Life, on 7 November 2017. The music video for the song was released on 29 November 2017.

Beautiful People Will Ruin Your Life
Beautiful People Will Ruin Your Life is the fourth major studio album by British rock band The Wombats. The album was released on 9 February 2018. The first single from the album, "Lemon to a Knife Fight", was released on 7 November 2017. This was followed by "Turn", "Cheetah Tongue", and "Black Flamingo".
The Day (Babyface album)
The Day is the fourth studio album by American R&B singer Babyface. It was  released by Epic Records on October 22, 1996, in the United States. The album peaked at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 and number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, also reaching the top ten on the Dutch Albums Chart. The Day was certified double platinum  by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and received Grammy Award nominations for Album of the Year and Best R&B Album respectively.

From the album, the track "Every Time I Close My Eyes" was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. A duet with Stevie Wonder, titled "How Come, How Long", was also Grammy nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Additionally, the singles "This Is for the Lover in You" and "Every Time I Close My Eyes" both reached number 6 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

Babyface (musician)
Kenneth Brian Edmonds (born April 10, 1959), known professionally as Babyface, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He has written and produced 26 number-one R&B hit songs and 
won 13 Grammy Awards. He was ranked number 20 on NME's 50 of The Greatest Producers Ever list.
St Arvans
St Arvans (Welsh: Llanarfan) is a village and community (equivalent to a parish) in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales. It is located two miles north west of Chepstow, close to Chepstow Racecourse, Piercefield House and the Wye Valley AONB. It is connected by a segregated bicycle path to the edge of Chepstow.

Chepstow Racecourse
Chepstow Racecourse is a thoroughbred horse racing course located just north of the town of Chepstow in Monmouthshire, Wales, near the southern end of the Wye Valley and close to the border with England. It is one of 16 racecourses operated by the Arena Racing Company and is home of the richest race in Wales, the Coral Welsh Grand National.
Phil Naro
Phillip Sampognaro (March 13, 1958 – May 3, 2021), known professionally as Phil Naro, was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and guitarist. He was best known for his work with the hard rock bands Talas, Chain Reaction, and Coney Hatch. Naro was the vocalist for the 2009 Daytime Emmy Award–winning song featured in the television series 6teen.

He also performed with the Toronto-based band 24K, founded by drummer Rome Steeler. The group signed a two-record deal with Relativity Records in New York and collaborated with producer Eddie Kramer, known for his work with Kiss, Jimi Hendrix, and Led Zeppelin.

Coney Hatch
Coney Hatch is a Canadian hard rock band who released three albums in the 1980s and released their album Four in 2013 and a live double album on vinyl, Postcard From Germany in 2023. Based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the band consisted of lead vocalist and guitarist Carl Dixon, vocalist and bassist Andy Curran, guitarist Steve Shelski and drummer Dave 'Thumper' Ketchum. The band was known for its loud live shows. In 2023, the band played Sweden Rock Festival to positive reviews. The band tours on a limited basis with three original members. Sean Kelly joined the lineup in 2014 replacing Steve Shelski.
Fire Fighters (film)
Fire Fighters is a silent short film, the second entry in Hal Roach's Our Gang (Little Rascals) series. Directed by Robert F. McGowan and Tom McNamara, the two-reel short was released to theaters in October 1922 by Pathé.

Tom McNamara (director)
Tom McNamara (May 7, 1886 – May 19, 1964) was an American film director, screenwriter and cartoonist from the 1910s to the 1940s. He is perhaps best known for his involvement as a director of several Our Gang shorts for the Hal Roach studio, and as the creator of the comic strip Us Boys in William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal.

McNamara died in San Francisco on May 19, 1964.
Turicum (automobile)
The Turicum was a Swiss automobile manufactured from 1904 to 1906 in Zürich and from 1907 to 1912 in Uster. The car's name Turicum is the Latin name of Zürich. The first car made by Martin Fischer was a small single-seater go-kart like vehicle. The car was 140 cm (55 in) long, with pedal-operated steering and powered by a motorcycle engine. The car had a chain drive, while a second prototype had a friction drive. The friction drive consisted of a flat steel disc coupled to the engine that drove a small, leather-covered wheel running at right angles to its surface. The small wheel could be moved across the surface of the large disc, giving a variable gear ratio. The cars attracted little public interest. Swiss industrialist Jakob Heusser was involved in the venture.

Jakob Heusser-Staub
Jakob Heusser-Staub (3 March 1862 – 23 August 1941 as Jakob Heusser) was a Swiss industrialist and philanthropist. Born and raised in the village of Irgenhausen, Heusser-Staub made Uster his home.  With the support of his wife, Berta, he founded the Heusser-Staub foundation.
Swan Valley (Western Australia)
Swan Valley is a region in the upper reaches of the Swan River between Guildford and Bells Rapids, Western Australia. It is bordered to the east by the Darling Scarp.  Both Ellenbrook and Jane Brook lie within the region and discharge into the Swan River. There are seven suburbs within the region: Baskerville, Belhus, Caversham, Henley Brook, Herne Hill, Millendon and West Swan. It is part of the City of Swan local government area.

Swan Valley Australian Geographical Indication is a sub-region of the larger Swan District wine region. Swan Valley was registered on 6 January 2003 following Swan District being registered on 10 December 1998.

Caversham, Western Australia
Caversham is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located in the City of Swan.

It contains many wineries as part of the Swan Valley wine region.
It is the location of brick and tile manufacturers, with Brisbane & Wunderlich establishing a tile manufacturing factory in 1953.
It has long been associated with agricultural pursuits and has regularly had a show.

It has also been the location of child welfare properties such as Riverbank.  In the 2000s Caversham was the location of a detention centre known as the Disability Justice Centre.
The Hall - originally known as the  Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall built in 1921, was replaced by the Caversham and District Memorial Hall.

It also was the location of the Caversham Wildlife Park, which has since moved into Whiteman Park.

It was the location of a war-time airstrip, the Caversham Airfield, which was later utilised as a motor-raceway.
Still Not Quite Human
Still Not Quite Human (also known as Not Quite Human III) is a 1992 American science fiction comedy television film written and directed by Eric Luke and starring Jay Underwood and Alan Thicke. It is the third and final film in a series based on the Not Quite Human novels by Seth McEvoy. The story, which has a darker tone than the previous films, features the human-looking android, Chip, embarking on a mission to rescue his father, who has been kidnapped by a ruthless tycoon to acquire his knowledge of android technology. Robyn Lively does not reprise her role as Becky, but is mentioned briefly.

Not Quite Human
Not Quite Human is the name of a series of young adult novels by Seth McEvoy about a scientist and his android creation which resembles a teenager.

The series consists of six books: Batteries Not Included (1985), All Geared Up (1985), A Bug in the System (1985), Reckless Robot (1986), Terror at Play (1986), and Killer Robot (1986).
SPH MediaWorks
SPH MediaWorks Ltd. (Chinese: 报业传讯; pinyin: bào yè chuán xùn) was a free-to-air terrestrial television broadcaster in Singapore that operated two television channels: Channel U and Channel i, as well as two radio stations: UFM 1003 and WKRZ 91.3FM. It merged with the city-state's long-established broadcasting company, Mediacorp, in 2004.

Singapore Press Holdings
Singapore Press Holdings Limited (SPH) was one of Singapore's two state media companies, which published The Straits Times, numerous other newspapers and operated radio, television and digital media.

In 2021, the media division was spun off as SPH Media, leaving behind the property and aged care businesses. Since its takeover by Cuscaden Peak in 2022, it has been renamed Cuscaden Peak Investments.

At its peak, SPH had over 4,000 employees. Its team of approximately 1,000 journalists included correspondents operating around the world. 2,500 of the staff, including the journalists and its media business were subsequently transferred to SPH Media.

The company was one of the country's "blue-chip" counters on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (SGX) until its delisting on 13 May 2022 following its acquisition by Cuscaden Peak. It was also a constituent of the Straits Times Index until its removal on 22 June 2020.
State House, Sierra Leone
The State House is the official residence of the president of Sierra Leone. It is home to the offices of the president, senior presidential staff and associated aides. The State House is located at State Avenue, Tower Hill, in central Freetown.

Official residence
An official residence is a residence designated by an authority and assigned to an official (such as a head of state, head of government, governor, or other senior figures), and may be the same place where the office holder conducts their work functions or lives.