hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niagara Cave
Niagara Cave is a limestone cave located in Harmony, Minnesota.  The cave is approximately 200 feet (61 m) deep; features include an underground stream, 60-foot waterfall, fossils, stalactites and stalagmites.  The cave is privately owned, with tours available seasonally.

The cave was first discovered in 1924, and in 1932, three spelunkers Al Cremer, Leo Tekippe, and Joe Flynn explored the cave and named the site Niagara Cave. Niagara Cave opened as a show cave in June 1934, and was described by geologist J Harlen Bretz in 1938.

The Minnesota Geological Survey noted in their 1995 survey, "Niagara Cave contains an excellent example of an underground river, complete with waterfall."

Harmony, Minnesota
Harmony is a city in Fillmore County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2020 census, Harmony had a population of 1,043. The town bills itself as the "Biggest Little Town in Southern Minnesota" and features the largest Amish community in the state.
Tharaka Waduge
Tharaka Waduge (born 27 February 1986) is a Sri Lankan first-class cricketer. He made his List A debut for Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club in the 2006–07 Premier Limited Overs Tournament on 8 November 2006. He made his first-class debut for Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club against Singha SC in Tier B of the 2006–07 Premier Trophy on 17 November 2006. He made his Twenty20 debut for Lankan Cricket Club in the 2012 CSN Premier Clubs T20 Tournament on 27 March 2012.

Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club
Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club is a first-class cricket team in Sri Lanka. They made their first-class debut in 1991 against Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club at Nondescripts Cricket Club Ground in Colombo.

In the 1993/94 season, they were bowled out for 31 runs in one of their innings in a match against Sinhalese Sports Club, the joint-lowest total in Sri Lankan first-class cricket history.
Aaron Broussard
Aaron Francis Broussard (born January 6, 1949) is a former American politician who served as the president, a combined municipal-parish position, of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, from 2003 to 2010. A Democrat, Broussard became known nationally for appearances he made in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

Kenner, Louisiana
Kenner is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the most populous city in Jefferson Parish, and is the largest incorporated suburb of New Orleans. The population was 66,448 at the 2020 census, making it the sixth-most populous city in Louisiana.
Sąpy, Elbląg County
Sąpy [ˈsɔmpɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Młynary, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south of Młynary, 22 km (14 mi) east of Elbląg, and 67 km (42 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Młynary
Gmina Młynary is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Młynary, which lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) north-east of Elbląg and 68 km (42 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 157.09 square kilometres (60.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 4,593 (out of which the population of Młynary amounts to 1,837, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,756).
Weinbiet
The Weinbiet is a hill, 554 m above sea level (NHN), in the borough of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate and is one of the highest hills in the Haardt, the line of mountains and hills forming the eastern edge of the Palatine Forest and facing the Upper Rhine Plain. On the summit is an inn, the Weinbiethaus, a stone-built panorama tower with a weather station and a radio transmission mast.

The two striking towers have made the hill a regional landmark above the plains roughly 400 metres below. The Winzergenossenschaft Weinbiet vineyard, on the municipalities of Mußbach (head office), Gimmeldingen and Haardt, takes its name from the hill.

Palatinate Forest
The Palatinate Forest (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfälzerwald [ˈpfɛltsɐvalt] ⓘ), sometimes also called the Palatine Forest, is a low-mountain region in southwestern Germany, located in the Palatinate in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The forest is a designated nature park (German: Naturpark Pfälzerwald) covering 1,771 km2 and its highest elevation is the Kalmit (672.6 m).

Together with the northern part of the adjacent Vosges Mountains in France it forms the UNESCO-designated Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve.
Blessings of the Land
Blessings of the Land (Filipino: Biyaya ng Lupa) is a 1959 Filipino drama film directed by Manuel Silos. It was entered into the 10th Berlin International Film Festival.  The film won Best Picture and Best Story from the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences.  In 1960, it was shown at the Asian Film Festival held in Tokyo.  The story was written by Celso Al. Carunungan, while the screenplay was written by Carunungan together with Pablo Naval.  The movie was produced by LVN Pictures.

The film is a melodrama about the life of a Filipino couple residing in a village.  The couple's deaf-mute son, Miguel, is tested and "must rise above his handicap" after the tragedies experienced by the family.

Celso Al. Carunungan
Celso Al. Carunungan (January 7, 1923 – February 15, 1988) was a Filipino writer, novelist, and scriptwriter in English and Filipino languages. In 1959, he won the Best Story prize from the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) for conceptualizing the story for the Tagalog-language film Biyaya ng Lupa ("Blessings of the Land"). He later conceived of the story for the 1976 drama film Iniibig Kita... Father Salvador. Among his works are Like a Big Brave Man, a novel published in New York in 1960 then in Manila in 1963; Return to Gomora and Other Stories (1963); Panorama of World Literature for Filipinos: Fourth Year (1966); Satanas sa Lupa (1971), a Tagalog novel; and To Die a Thousand Deaths: A Novel on the Life and Times of Lorenzo Ruiz. He was a production consultant for the 1982 American filmThe Year of Living Dangerously.
Doctor at Large (TV series)
Doctor at Large is a British television comedy series, the second of seven series in a franchise that began with Doctor in the House and was inspired by the "Doctor" books by Richard Gordon.   It was produced by London Weekend Television in 1971.

Writers for the Doctor at Large episodes were Bill Oddie, Graeme Garden, John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Bernard McKenna, Geoff Rowley, Andy Baker, Jonathan Lynn and David Yallop, as well as George Layton (under the pseudonym of "Oliver Fry").  The episode "No Ill Feelings" written by John Cleese is now seen as a prototype for Cleese's later series Fawlty Towers.

Madeline Smith
Madeline Smith (born 2 August 1949) is an English actress. After working as a model in the late 1960s, she went on to appear in many television series and stage productions, as well as comedy and horror films, in the 1970s and 1980s.

Smith played Bond girl Miss Caruso in Live and Let Die (1973), but also had larger roles in the horror films The Vampire Lovers (1970), Taste the Blood of Dracula (1970), Tam-Lin (1970), Theatre of Blood (1973) and Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell (1974), and comedy films including Up Pompeii (1971), Up the Front (1972) and Carry On Matron (1972) among others. She also appeared in the films The Killing of Sister George (1968), Pussycat, Pussycat, I Love You (1970), The Amazing Mr. Blunden (1972),  and the musical film Take Me High (1973) with Cliff Richard.

After leaving the acting profession in the mid-1980s to raise her family, she returned to acting in 2011.
High Council of Justice (Ukraine)
The High Council of Justice, or sometimes the Supreme Council of Justice (Ukrainian: Вища рада правосуддя) is the national council of the judiciary of Ukraine, which submits motions to appoint, dismisses and disciplines judges. In 2021, the Ethics Council was created with the intention of selecting the members of the High Council of Justice in a way that would help to create an independent and efficient judiciary in Ukraine.

Council of the judiciary
In the European continental judicial tradition, the national councils of the judiciary (of simply judicial councils) are institutions on judicial administration that ensure the self-management of the judiciary and the effective delivery of justice, which are autonomous or independent of the executive and legislature.

At the European Union level, they are gathered in the European Network of Councils for the Judiciary (ENCJ).
Akihiro Yano
Akihiro Yano (矢野 燿大, Yano Akihiro; real name: 矢野 輝弘, born December 6, 1968) is a former Japanese baseball player in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He started his career as the Number 2 Draft pick with the Chunichi Dragons in 1991, and played for the Hanshin Tigers from 1998 until his retirement in 2010.

Hanshin Tigers
The Hanshin Tigers (阪神タイガース, Hanshin Taigāsu) are a Nippon Professional Baseball team playing in the Central League. The team is based in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, next to their main stadium, Hanshin Koshien Stadium.

The Tigers are owned by Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Inc.

The Hanshin Tigers are one of the oldest professional clubs in Japan. They played their first season in 1936 as the Osaka Tigers and assumed their current team name in 1961.
Cannes Conference (1922)
The Cannes Conference was a formal conclave of nations held in Cannes, France, from 6 January to 13 January 1922. It brought together the Allied nations of the First World War.

The Cannes Conference primarily revolved around discussions between French Prime Minister Aristide Briand and British Prime Minister David Lloyd George regarding war reparations by Germany under the Treaty of Versailles. Briand's departure on 12 January, and the collapse of his government the next day resulted in the ending of the conference.

Aristide Briand
Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (French: [aʁistid pjɛʁ ɑ̃ʁi bʁijɑ̃]; 28 March 1862 – 7 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliation politics during the interwar period (1918–1939).

In 1926, he received the Nobel Peace Prize along with German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann for the realization of the Locarno Treaties, which aimed at reconciliation between France and Germany after the First World War. To avoid another worldwide conflict, he was instrumental in the agreement known as the Kellogg–Briand Pact of 1928, as well to establish a "European Union" in 1929. However, all his efforts were compromised by the rise of nationalistic and revanchist ideas like Nazism and fascism following the Great Depression.
Texan schooner San Antonio
The Texan schooner San Antonio was a two-masted schooner of the Second Texas Navy from 1839-1840. She was the sister ship of the San Jacinto and the San Bernard. In 1840, San Antonio was part of the Texas Navy flotilla led by Commodore Edwin Ward Moore which was dispatched to assist Yucatecan rebels that had taken up arms against Mexico.  In February 1842, while re-provisioning in New Orleans, the crew of the San Antonio mutinied and the Lieutenant was killed.  This was the only mutiny in the history of the Texas Navy. That fall, the San Antonio sailed for Campeche and was never heard from again.

Texas Navy
The Texas Navy, officially the Navy of the Republic of Texas, also known as the Second Texas Navy, was the naval warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces during the Republic of Texas. It descended from the Texian Navy, which was established in November 1835 to fight for independence from Centralist Republic of Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The Texas Navy, Texas Army, and Texas Militia were officially established on September 5, 1836 in Article II of the Constitution of the Republic of Texas. The Texas Navy and Texas Army were merged with the United States Armed Forces on February 19, 1846 after the Republic of Texas became the 28th state of the United States.
Daniel Bethlehem
Sir Daniel Lincoln Bethlehem KCMG KC (born 16 June 1960) is a barrister and former Legal Adviser to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom government. Before that he was an external Legal Adviser to Israeli Government, working with Ariel Sharon and Benjamin Netanyahu governments, and representing them at the International Court of Justice in The Hague.

He is a founding director of Legal Policy International Limited (LPI), From May 2006 to May 2011, he was the principal Legal Adviser to the United Kingdom's Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Prior to this, he was in practice at the London Bar and director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at the University of Cambridge and a fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge.

Lauterpacht Centre for International Law
The Lauterpacht Centre for International Law (LCIL) at the Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, England, was founded in 1983 by Sir Elihu Lauterpacht under the name The Research Centre for International Law. It was renamed in 1997 "to honour the achievements of his father Sir Hersch Lauterpacht and himself".

The Centre's objectives are:
to serve as a discussion forum for current issues by organising seminars, lectures and meetings aimed at developing an understanding of international law;
to promote research and the publication of core research material;
to provide, in Cambridge, an intellectual home for visiting researchers of international law from around the world who wish to pursue their own research in an atmosphere that is stimulating and congenial to the generation and exchange of ideas;
to provide education and training programmes of the highest quality;
to maintain a library of archival and source materials relating to international law.
Kordelio-Evosmos
Kordelio–Evosmos (Greek: Κορδελιό-Εύοσμος, Kordelió-Évosmos) is a municipality of the Thessaloniki Urban Area in the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Evosmos. The municipality has an area of 13.358 km2 and a population of 105,352 people (2021 census).

Thessaloniki (regional unit)
Thessaloniki (Greek: Μητροπολιτική ενότητα Θεσσαλονίκης Mitropolitiki enotita Thessaloníkis, Metropolitan unit of Thessaloniki) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Central Macedonia and its capital is the city of Thessaloniki.
Neuropsychiatry (journal)
Neuropsychiatry  is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access medical journal covering research on neuropsychiatry. The journal was established in 2011 and originally published by Future Medicine with Wayne Goodman and F. Markus Leweke (Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany) serving as its founding editors-in-chief up to 2015. Under the Future Science imprint, the journal's impact factor ranged from 0.486 to 1.456 (2012-2015). Since 2016 it is published by Pulsus Group via its openaccessjournals.com imprint, which is on Jeffrey Beall's list of "potential, possible, or probable predatory scholarly open-access publishers". According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2016 journal impact factor of 4.778. However, that impact factor was based on a total of 9 "citable items" in 2014, as no articles were deemed "citable" in subsequent years, and in 2018 the journal was omitted from the 2017 Journal Citation Reports.

Future Medicine
Future Medicine is a privately owned company based in London, England, United Kingdom. It is part of Future Science Publishing Group, primarily to publish peer-reviewed medical journals. Future Medicine publishes hybrid and full open access journals.
1962 Algerian independence referendum
An independence referendum was held in French Algeria on 1 July 1962. It followed French approval of the Évian Accords in an April referendum. Voters were asked whether Algeria should become an independent state, co-operating with France; 99.72% voted in favour with a voter turnout of 91.88%.

Following the referendum, France declared Algeria to be independent on 3 July; the decision was published in the official journal the following day, and Algerian leaders declared 5 July (the 132nd anniversary of the French arrival in Algiers) to be Independence Day. When Algeria ceased to be part of France it also ceased being part of the European Communities.

Independence Day (Algeria)
Independence Day (Arabic: عيد الاستقلال, romanized: ʿīd al-istiqlāli, French: Jour de l'Indépendance), observed annually on 5 July, is a National Holiday in Algeria commemorating colonial Algerian independence from France on 5 July 1962.
Calliarthron
Calliarthron is a genus containing two species of thalloid intertidal alga.  Specimens can reach around 30 cm in size. The thalli take a crustose form. The organisms lack secondary pit connections. Calliarthron reproduces by means of conceptacles; it produces tetraspores, dispores and carpospores.  The genus has lignin and contains secondary cell walls, traits which are normally associated with the vascular plants. It is similar to the genus Bossiella.

Calliarthron is calcified, but also has uncalcified joints that allow it to flex in response to the waves to which it is subjected. These joints start out calcified, and decalcify as they grow older. After decalcifying they grow much longer, then fatten themselves up in the same way as xylem formation, resulting in secondary walls.

Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants.  Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are polymers made by the cross-linking of phenolic precursors.
Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (Columbia, South Carolina)
Trinity Episcopal Church, now known as Trinity Episcopal Cathedral, is the first Episcopal and the oldest surviving sanctuary in Columbia, South Carolina, United States. It is a Gothic Revival church that is modeled after York Minster in York, England. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1971.

Trinity Church is on the east side of Sumter Street between Gervais and Senate streets. It is directly east of the South Carolina State House.

John S. Preston
John Smith Preston (April 20, 1809 – May 1, 1881) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was also a wealthy planter and attorney who became prominent in South Carolina politics in the 19th century. An ardent secessionist, he was the state's delegate dispatched to help convince the Virginia Secession Convention to join South Carolina in seceding from the antebellum Union in the months prior to the start of the American Civil War.
Dragonar Academy
Dragonar Academy (Japanese: 星刻(せいこく)の竜騎士(ドラグナー), Hepburn: Seikoku no Doragunā; lit. "Star-Marked Dragonar") is a Japanese light novel series written by Shiki Mizuchi, illustrated by Kohada Shimesaba, and published by Media Factory under the MF Bunko J imprint. The first volume was released on June 25, 2010, with a total of 20 volumes available in Japan so far. A manga adaptation by the illustrator, Ran, began serialization in Monthly Comic Alive during its June 2011 issue. It was one of five MF Bunko J light novel anime adaptations announced at Media Factory's Summer School Festival event on July 28, 2013. It has been licensed for North America by Funimation.

Yui Sakakibara
Yui Sakakibara (Japanese: 榊原ゆい, Hepburn: Sakakibara Yui, born October 13) is a Japanese voice actress, choreographer, dancer and singer from Hyōgo Prefecture. She appeared on Kōhaku Uta Gassen as background dancer behind Ami Suzuki in 1999 and 2000. She used the name Mayo Hinano (雛野 真代(まよ), Hinano Mayo) and others in her previous roles. She is also credited as FES from the band "Phantasm" (ファンタズム) in the Science Adventure visual novel series, which is a stage name of her character Ayase Kishimoto from Chaos;Head.
Dalton (program)
Dalton (named after John Dalton) is an ab initio quantum chemistry computer program suite, consisting of the Dalton and LSDalton programs. The Dalton suite is capable of calculating various molecular properties using the Hartree–Fock, MP2, MCSCF and coupled cluster theories. Version 2.0 of DALTON added support for density functional theory calculations. There are many authors, including Trygve Helgaker, Poul Jørgensen and Kenneth Ruud.

Dalton switched to the open source GNU LGPL licence in August 2017.

Kenneth Ruud
Kenneth Ruud (born 16 September 1969) is a Norwegian chemist.

He is a professor of chemistry at the University of Tromsø. He is author or coauthor of more than 150 scientific articles and director of the Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry in Tromsø. In 2008, he was the recipient of the Dirac medal from the World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists. He is one of the main contributors to the DALTON program package.

In 2012 he was elected fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

Since April 2010, Kenneth is president of the Norwegian Chemical Society.

In February 2013, Kenneth was elected Prorektor (= Vicepresident) for research of the University of Tromsø.

He will take up this function on August 1, 2013.
International Sand Sculpture Festival
Described as the largest sand sculpture event in the world, the International Sand Sculpture Festival or Festival Internacional de Escultura em Areia (FIESA) has been held in Pêra, Algarve, Portugal annually since 2003. The site at  occupies 15,000 square metres (3.7 acres).  Each year about 60 artists use 35000 tons of sand to create 50 works of art. The exhibition is also open in the evenings with atmospheric lighting.

Pêra (Silves)
Pêra (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpeɾɐ]) is a former civil parish in the municipality of Silves, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Alcantarilha e Pêra. The village is 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) south east of Silves and is 261 kilometres (162 mi) south south east of Lisbon. The village used to be called Pêra de Cima or Upper Pêra to distinguish it from the present Armação de Pêra, which was then named Pêra de Baixo (Lower Pêra).
Bad Bergzabern
Bad Bergzabern (German: [baːt ˈbɛʁktsaːbɐn] ⓘ; Palatine German: Berchzawwre) is a municipality in the Südliche Weinstraße district, on the German Wine Route in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated near the border with France, on the south-eastern edge of the Palatinate forest, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of Landau.

Bad Bergzabern is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Bad Bergzabern.

Bad Bergzabern has a tradition as a holiday destination and contains various half-timbered houses from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Of particular note from an earlier century is the Gasthaus Zum Engel (1579), which has been described as the most beautiful renaissance building in the entire region.

German Wine Route
The German Wine Route or Wine Road (German: Deutsche Weinstraße, pronounced [ˌdɔʏtʃə ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə]) is the oldest of Germany's tourist wine routes.  Located in the Palatinate region of the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate, the route was established in 1935.