hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hoffman Island
Hoffman Island is an 11-acre (4.5 ha) artificial island in the Lower New York Bay, off the South Beach of Staten Island, New York City. A smaller, 4-acre (1.6 ha) artificial island, Swinburne Island, lies immediately to the south. Created in 1873 upon the Orchard Shoal by the addition of land fill, the island is named for former New York City mayor (1866–1868) and New York Governor (1869–1871) John Thompson Hoffman.

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, Hoffman and Swinburne Islands were used as a quarantine station, housing immigrants who, upon their arrival at the immigrant inspection station at nearby Ellis Island, presented with symptoms of contagious diseases.

John T. Hoffman
John Thompson Hoffman (January 10, 1828 – March 24, 1888) was the 23rd governor of New York (1869–72). He was also recorder of New York City (1861–65) and the 79th mayor of New York City (1866–68). Connections to the Tweed Ring ruined his political career, in spite of the absence of evidence to show personal involvement in corrupt activities. He is to date the last New York City mayor elected Governor of New York and the last elected to higher office.
23rd Satellite Awards
The 23rd Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year's outstanding performers, films, television shows, home videos and interactive media, presented by the International Press Academy.

The nominations were announced on November 28, 2018. The winners were announced on January 3, 2019, and the ceremony was held on February 22, 2019.

For this cycle of the Satellite Awards, the categories Best Film, Best Actor, and Best Actress were split into Drama and Comedy/Musical categories. Previously, they had been joined in one category since the 16th ceremony in 2011.

Satellite Awards
The Satellite Awards are annual awards given by the International Press Academy that are commonly noted in entertainment industry journals and blogs. The awards were originally known as the Golden Satellite Awards. The award ceremonies take place each year at the InterContinental Hotel in Century City, Los Angeles.
Akira Hori
Akira Hori (堀晃, born 1944 in Tatsuno, Hyogo) is a Japanese science fiction writer. He has been involved in science fiction since high school and has a degree from Osaka University in engineering. He won the first Nihon SF Taisho Award in 1980  and has also won the Seiun Award.

Nihon SF Taisho Award
The Nihon SF Taishō Award (日本SF大賞, Nihon Esu Efu Taishō; lit. "Japan SF Grand Prize") is a Japanese science fiction award. It has been compared to the Nebula Award as it is given by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Japan or SFWJ. The Grand Prize is selected from not only Science Fiction novels, but also various SF movies, animations, and manga.

Special Awards (特別賞, Tokubetsushō) are awarded to the works that is considered to be special by the juries.  Since 2011, Special Services Award (特別功労賞, Tokubetsu kōrōshō) or Contribution Award (功績賞, Kōsekishō) is presented to the deceased person.
Operation N
Operation N (Polish: Akcja N, where "N" stands for the Polish word "Niemcy," "Germany") was a complex of sabotage, subversion and black-propaganda activities carried out by the Polish resistance against Nazi German occupation forces during World War II, from April 1941 to April 1944. These activities were organized by Office N, which in October 1941 was transformed into an Autonomous Sub-Department N of the Bureau of Information and Propaganda of the Armed Resistance, later of the Home Army. It was headed by Tadeusz Żenczykowski (codename Kania).

Operation N constituted part of a psychological-warfare campaign against the German occupation. It produced German-language newspapers and leaflets, ostensibly distributed by German anti-Nazi groups.

Grey Ranks
Grey Ranks (Polish: Szare Szeregi) was a codename for the underground paramilitary Polish Scouting Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego) during World War II.

The wartime organisation was created on 27 September 1939, actively resisted and fought German occupation in Warsaw until 18 January 1945, and contributed to the resistance operations of the Polish Underground State. Some of its members (Grupy Szturmowe – Assault Groups) were among the Home Army's best-trained troops.

Though formally independent, the Grey Ranks worked closely with the Government Delegation for Poland and Home Army Headquarters. The Grey Ranks had their own headquarters known under the cryptonym Pasieka (bee yard) staffed by the Chief Scout of Grey Ranks plus three to five deputies in the rank of Harcmistrz (Scoutmaster).
The Saint and Her Fool (1957 film)
The Saint and Her Fool (German: Die Heilige und ihr Narr) is a 1957 Austrian drama film directed by Gustav Ucicky and starring Gerhard Riedmann, Gudula Blau and Hertha Feiler.

It was based on the novel of the same title by Agnes Günther. Two previous film versions had been made, a silent film in 1928 and a sound film in 1935.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Isabella Schlichting and Werner Schlichting. It was shot using Agfacolor. It was made with backing from the West German distributor Gloria Film.

Werner Schlichting
Werner Schlichting (1904–1996) was a German art director who worked on over a hundred films during a lengthy career. He worked on a number of Austrian films including The Congress Dances and The Last Ten Days (1955).
The Boys from Syracuse (film)
The Boys from Syracuse is a 1940 American musical film directed by A. Edward Sutherland, based on the 1938 stage musical by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, which in turn was loosely based on the play The Comedy of Errors by William Shakespeare. The film was nominated for two Academy Awards; one for Best Visual Effects (John P. Fulton, Bernard B. Brown, Joe Lapis) and one for Best Art Direction (Jack Otterson).

Joe Lapis
Joe Lapis (10 April 1899 – 26 October 1991) was a Hungarian sound engineer. He was nominated for an Oscar for Best Special Effects on the film The Boys from Syracuse at the 13th Academy Awards. He worked on more than 170 films during his career.
Muckenhoupt weights
In mathematics, the class of Muckenhoupt weights Ap consists of those weights ω for which the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on Lp(dω). Specifically, we consider functions  f  on Rn and their associated maximal functions M( f ) defined as

where Br(x) is the ball in Rn with radius r and center at x. Let 1 ≤ p < ∞, we wish to characterise the functions ω : Rn → [0, ∞) for which we have a bound

where C depends only on p and ω. This was first done by Benjamin Muckenhoupt.

Benjamin Muckenhoupt
Benjamin Muckenhoupt (December 22, 1933, Boston – April 13, 2020, Whippany, New Jersey) was an American mathematician, specializing in analysis. He is known for the introduction of Muckenhoupt weights.
Sacred Warpath
Sacred Warpath is an EP by German thrash metal band Sodom, released in 2014. It contains one original studio track and live versions of three previously released songs. "Sacred Warpath" was re-recorded two years later on the band's fifteenth studio album, Decision Day (2016).

Decision Day
Decision Day is the fifteenth studio album by the German thrash metal band Sodom, released on 26 August 2016. This is Sodom's final album with guitarist Bernd "Bernemann" Kost and drummer Markus "Makka" Freiwald, who both parted ways with the band in January 2018, and it would be the last time the band had recorded together as a three-piece, a distinction Sodom had held since its inception. The artwork of Decision Day was designed by Joe Petagno. "Sacred Warpath", a track released two years earlier on the EP with the same title, was also re-recorded for this album.
Tatjana (opera)
Kukuschka (1896), better known in a revised version as Tatjana (1905), is the earliest opera of Franz Lehár. The plot for the opera was drawn by librettist Felix Falzari from American journalist and explorer George Kennan's writings about his six years in Siberia, including Siberia and the Exile System (1891). Kukuška is the Russian word for cuckoo.

Kukuška, an opera in 3 acts, was first performed 27 November 1896 at the Leipzig Stadttheater. The revised work, Tatjana, with changes to the libretto by Max Kalbeck was premiered 21 February 1905 in Brno, at the German Brünn Stadttheater.

Franz Lehár
Franz Lehár (/ˈleɪhɑːr/ LAY-har; Hungarian: Lehár Ferenc [ˈlɛhaːr ˈfɛrɛnt͡s]; 30 April 1870 – 24 October 1948) was an Austro-Hungarian composer. He is mainly known for his operettas, of which the most successful and best known is The Merry Widow (Die lustige Witwe).
Madiha Rizvi
Madiha Rizvi (born 25 December 1987) is a Pakistani actress. She is known for her roles in dramas Kahin Deep Jaley, Aik Thi Rania, Piya Naam Ka Diya, Mere Meherbaan, Parizaad, Aangan, Sammi, Rajo Rocket, and Chaudhry and Sons. She is the daughter of film actress Deeba.

Aik Thi Rania
Aik Thi Rania is a 2017 Pakistani drama serial directed by Abdullah Badini, produced by 7th Sky Entertainment, and written by Madiha Shahid. The drama stars Sumbul Iqbal and Syed Jibran in lead roles, and premiered on 3 November on Geo Entertainment, being aired every Friday at 8:00 P.M.
Norman Craig
Lieutenant-Commander Norman Carlyle Craig KC (15 November 1868 – 14 October 1919), was the Conservative Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom for the Isle of Thanet from 1910 until his death in 1919.

Isle of Thanet (UK Parliament constituency)
Isle of Thanet was a county constituency which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885, until it was abolished for the February 1974 general election.

It was located on the Isle of Thanet, in Kent.
Nicholas Charles Williams
Nicholas Charles Williams (born 1961) is an English painter and draughtsman. Born in Surrey, he trained at Richmond College, London. His work aims to examine aspects of human behaviour, conveyed through symbolism and direct observational painting. He has been the subject of solo shows at various galleries, including the Russell-Cotes Museum, Bournemouth, Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro Cathedral, and Liverpool Cathedral for European Capital of Culture 2008.  In 2001 he was awarded the Hunting Art Prize  and in 2008 shortlisted for the Threadneedle Figurative Prize.

Williams now lives and works in Cornwall, South West England and is a lifelong surfer. His studio is a former lifeboat station on the North coast of Cornwall.

Hunting Art Prize
The Hunting Art Prize is awarded annually to an artist for excellence in drawing and painting. The prize of $50,000, sponsored by Hunting plc, was established in the United Kingdom in 1981 and was mostly awarded to British artists before relocating to Houston in 2006. Since then it has been awarded to Texas artists.
Nguyên Lê
Nguyên Lê (Vietnamese: Lê Thành Nguyên; born 14 January 1959) is a French jazz musician and composer of Vietnamese ancestry. His main instrument is guitar, and he also plays bass guitar and guitar synthesizer.

He has released albums as a leader and as a sideman. His 1996 album Tales from Viêt-Nam blends jazz and traditional Vietnamese music. Nguyên Lê has performed with Randy Brecker, Vince Mendoza, Eric Vloeimans, Carla Bley, Michel Portal, Renaud Garcia-Fons, Per Mathisen, Marc Johnson, Peter Erskine, Trilok Gurtu, Paolo Fresu and Dhafer Youssef.

In spring 2011 he released Songs of Freedom, an album with cover versions of pop hits from the 1970s.

Paul McCandless
Paul Brownlee McCandless Jr. (born March 24, 1947) is an American multi-instrumentalist and founding member of the American jazz group Oregon. He is one of the few jazz oboists. He also plays bass clarinet, English horn, flute, penny whistle, tenor saxophone, sopranino saxophone,  and soprano saxophone.
Supposition theory
Supposition theory was a branch of medieval logic that was probably aimed at giving accounts of issues similar to modern accounts of reference, plurality, tense, and modality, within an Aristotelian context. Philosophers such as John Buridan, William of Ockham, William of Sherwood, Walter Burley, Albert of Saxony, and Peter of Spain were its principal developers. By the 14th century it seems to have drifted into at least two fairly distinct theories, the theory of "supposition proper", which included an "ampliation" and is much like a theory of reference, and the theory of "modes of supposition" whose intended function is not clear.

Ampliative
Ampliative (from Latin ampliare, "to enlarge"), a term used mainly in logic, meaning "extending" or "adding to that which is already known".

This terminology was often used by medieval logicians in the analyses of the temporal content of their subject terms. There were three rules outlined in its usage:

Common terms in a sentence only represent present things when they stand with a non-ampliating verb about the present;

A common term standing in a sentence with a verb about the past is able to stand for present and past things; and,

The common term standing with a verb about the future can indifferently stand for present and future things.

There are Roman texts that refer to it as ampliatio.

In Norman law, an ampliation was a postponement of a sentence in order to obtain further evidence.
Beneish M-score
The Beneish model is a statistical model that uses financial ratios calculated with accounting data of a specific company in order to check if it is likely (high probability) that the reported earnings of the company have been manipulated.

Earnings
Earnings are the net benefits of a corporation's operation. Earnings are also the amount on which corporate tax is due.  For an analysis of specific aspects of corporate operations several more specific terms are used as EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) and EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization).

Many alternative terms for earnings are commonly used, such as income and profit. These terms in turn have a variety of definitions, depending on their context and the objectives of the authors. For instance, the IRS uses the term profit to describe earnings, whereas for the corporation the profit it reports is the amount left after taxes are taken out.
Aerobiological engineering
Aerobiological engineering is the science of designing buildings and systems to control airborne pathogens and allergens in indoor environments. The most-common environments include commercial buildings, residences and hospitals. This field of study is important because controlled indoor climates generally tend to favor the survival and transmission of contagious human pathogens as well as certain kinds of fungi and bacteria.

Contagious disease
A contagious disease is an infectious disease that can be spread rapidly in several ways, including direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet contact.

These diseases are caused by organisms such as parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Many types of organisms live on the human body and they can sometimes cause disease.

Some common infectious diseases are influenza, COVID-19, ebola, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, Human papillomavirus infection, Polio, and Zika virus.

A disease is often known to be contagious before medical science discovers its causative agent. Koch's postulates, which were published at the end of the 19th century, were the standard for the next 100 years or more, especially with diseases caused by bacteria. Microbial pathogenesis attempts to account for diseases caused by a virus.
Kusilvak Mountains
The Kusilvak Mountains (Ingrill’er, Manialnguq in Yup'ik) is a mountain range of the Yukon Delta in Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska, to which the range gives its name. The mountains are adjacent to Nunavakanuk Lake. At their highest point they reach 2,241 ft (683 m) and span over 5 miles across.

The mountains were called Ingieguk on Russian maps, probably from the Yup'ik language name for mountain.

Nunavakanuk Lake
Nunavakanuk Lake is a lake in the Yukon Delta of Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska, United States. The lake is 9 mi (14 km) long and is bordered to the south east by the Kusilvak Mountains. The lake's name is Eskimo in origin.  At an elevation of −4 ft (−1.2 m) it is, or near, the lowest point in the state of Alaska.
Carnglaze Caverns
50°28′21″N 4°33′23″W﻿ / ﻿50.4726°N 4.5565°W﻿ / 50.4726; -4.5565

Carnglaze Caverns consists of three man-made caverns formed as part of a slate quarry in the Loveny Valley, near the village of St Neot, Liskeard, Cornwall, England, UK.

The first of the caverns, the Rum Store, is so called because it was used by the Royal Navy during the Second World War to store its supply of rum. In 2001 it was converted into an auditorium with seating for 400.

The lowest of the three caverns has a lake, which was where the cover image for Echo & the Bunnymen's LP Ocean Rain was shot.

The caverns have been used as an unusual concert venue, with performances from folk-rock artists such as Fish and Fairport Convention, as well as bands such as Embrace (in 2004), and British Sea Power (in 2005 and 2007). The site has also hosted craft and mineral shows.

Liskeard
Liskeard (/lɪˈskɑːrd/ ⓘ lih-SKARD; Cornish: Lyskerrys) is an ancient stannary and market town and civil parish in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth, 14 miles (23 km) west of the Devon border, and 12 miles (20 km) east of Bodmin. The Bodmin Moor lies to the north-west of the town. At the 2021 census the population of the parish of 10,902.
What a Little Moonlight Can Do
"What a Little Moonlight Can Do" is a popular song written by Harry M. Woods in 1934. In  1934, Woods moved to London for three years where he worked for the British film studio Gaumont British, contributing material to several films, one of which was Road House (1934). The song was sung in the film by Violet Loraine and included an introductory verse, not heard in the version later recorded by Billie Holiday in 1935.

Road House (1934 film)
Road House is a 1934 British comedy crime film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Violet Loraine, Gordon Harker and Aileen Marson. It was written by Leslie Arliss and Austin Melford, based on the 1932 play Road House by Walter Hackett.
Wolverley Church of England Secondary School
Wolverley CofE Secondary School is located in the village of Wolverley, near Kidderminster in Worcestershire, England. The mixed gender school has approximately 670 students on roll (2014) and opened in 2007 following the closure of its predecessor, Wolverley High School, as part of the local area reorganisation from three-tier education.  At the same time, the school became a controlled Church of England school.

The school accepts students aged 11 to 18, and offers courses at GCSE and A-Level. The February 2014 Ofsted inspection results, published in March 2014, reported the school as being 'a school that requires improvement'. Later inspections in June 2016 and November 2021 both rated the school as ‘Good’.

Wolverley
Wolverley is a village; with nearby Cookley (1 mi northeast), it forms a civil parish in the Wyre Forest District of Worcestershire, England. It is 2 miles north of Kidderminster and lies on the River Stour and the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal. At the time of the 2001 census, it had a population of 2,096. The village has also been known as "Overley" at various times.
Slim (film)
Slim is a 1937 American romantic drama film directed by Ray Enright and starring Pat O'Brien, Henry Fonda and Margaret Lindsay. It is sometimes (incorrectly) called Slim the Lineman. The picture is a film adaptation of the 1934 novel Slim by William Wister Haines, which concerns linemen in the electric power industry. The supporting cast features Jane Wyman.

William Wister Haines
William Wister Haines (September 17, 1908 – November 18, 1989) was an American author, screenwriter, and playwright. His most notable work, Command Decision, was published as a novel, play, and screenplay following World War II.
PFL 4 (2023)
PFL 4 was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Professional Fighters League that took place on June 8, 2023, at the Overtime Elite Arena in, Atlanta, Georgia, United States. This marked the fourth regular-season event of the tournament and included fights in the Featherweight and Light heavyweight divisions.

Marlon Moraes
Marlon Moraes (born April 26, 1988) is a Brazilian former professional mixed martial artist who last competed in the Featherweight division of the Professional Fighters League (PFL). He previously competed in the bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and World Series of Fighting (WSOF), the original incarnation of the PFL. He was the former and inaugural WSOF Bantamweight Champion.
Hunter's Moon (Finch novel)
Hunter's Moon is a BBC Books original novel written by Paul Finch and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Eleventh Doctor, and his Companions Amy Pond and Rory Williams.

Paul Finch
Paul Finch is an English author and scriptwriter. He began his writing career on the British television programme The Bill. His early scripts were for children's animation. He has written over 300 short stories which have appeared in magazines, such as All Hallows, the magazine of the Ghost Story Society and Black Static.  He also edits anthologies of Horror stories with the overall title of Terror Tales. He has written variously for the books and other spin-offs from Doctor Who. He is the author of the ongoing series of DS Mark Heck Heckenberg novels.
Scott Anderson (writer)
Scott Anderson (born 1959) is an American writer, novelist, non-fiction author, and war correspondent. He has authored non-fiction books including Lawrence in Arabia, The Man Who Tried to Save the World, and War Zones, as well as the novels Triage and Moonlight Hotel. He is a frequent contributor to the New York Times Magazine, GQ, Esquire, Men's Journal, Vanity Fair and other publications.

Nanette Burstein
Nanette Burstein is an American film and television director. Burstein has produced, directed, and co-directed several documentaries including the Academy Award nominated and Sundance Special Jury Prize winning film On the Ropes.
Stockton Creek
Stockton Creek is a tributary of Mariposa Creek in Mariposa County, California.  It was named after Robert F. Stockton who owned a mine and stamp mill during the California Gold Rush.  An impoundment on the creek owned by the Mariposa Public Utilities Commission holds a major source of water for the community of Mariposa.

The source of the creek is near Midpines Summit. Its confluence with Mariposa Creek is near the Mariposa County Fairgrounds.

Robert F. Stockton
Robert Field Stockton (August 20, 1795 – October 7, 1866) was a United States Navy commodore, notable in the capture of California during the Mexican–American War. He was a naval innovator and an early advocate for a propeller-driven, steam-powered navy.  Stockton was from a notable political family and also served as a U.S. senator from New Jersey.
Juodkrantė
Juodkrantė (literally: Black Shore, Kursenieki: Šatnūrta or Šatnūrte, German: Schwarzort) is a Lithuanian seaside resort town located on the Curonian Spit with a permanent population of about 720 people. A part of Neringa municipality, Juodkrantė is the second largest settlement on Lithuania's part of the spit. For centuries it was a fishing village, which underwent a tourist boom in the late 19th–early 20th century.

Curonian Spit
The Curonian Spit, sometimes called Courish Split (Lithuanian: Kuršių nerija; Russian: Ку́ршская коса́ / Kurshskaya kosa, German: Kurische Nehrung), is a 98-kilometre (61 mi) long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by Lithuania and Russia. Its southern portion lies within Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, and its northern within southwestern Klaipėda County of Lithuania.