hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German orthography
German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic. However, it shows many instances of spellings that are historic or analogous to other spellings rather than phonemic. The pronunciation of almost every word can be derived from its spelling once the spelling rules are known, but the opposite is not generally the case.

Today, Standard High German orthography is regulated by the Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung (Council for German Orthography), composed of representatives from most German-speaking countries.

Ligature (writing)
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. Examples are the characters ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩ used in English and French, in which the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the first ligature and the letters ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the second ligature. For stylistic and legibility reasons, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨i⟩ are often merged to create ⟨ﬁ⟩ (where the tittle on the ⟨i⟩ merges with the hood of the ⟨f⟩); the same is true of ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ to create ⟨ﬆ⟩. The common ampersand, ⟨&⟩, developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨t⟩ (spelling et, Latin for 'and') were combined.
Sizzle cymbal
A sizzle cymbal is a cymbal to which rivets, chains or other rattles have been added to modify the sound, attached either by means of holes bored in the cymbal or by means of an attachment known as a sizzler.

These rattles have two main effects on the tone of the cymbal:

Most obviously, the sound of the 'wash' of the cymbal is made louder and more penetrating, and is dominated by the sound of the rattles themselves.

Also important but less obvious, the cymbal loses some of its sustain and dynamic range, because whenever there is insufficient energy left in the cymbal to lift the rattles, the sound cuts out sharply.

Both effects have musical uses, and can also be used to mask unwanted overtones in cymbals of lesser quality. However the best results are still generally obtained with high quality cymbals.

Rattle (percussion beater)
A rattle is a percussion beater that is attached to or enclosed by a percussion instrument so that motion of the instrument will cause the rattle to strike the instrument and create musical sound.

Examples include:

The rivets of a sizzle cymbal.

The jingles of a tambourine.

The seeds inside a maraca.

The ball chain of a cabasa.

The snares of a snare drum.

Rattles may be the primary cause of the instrument's sound, as in the maraca, or they may modify its sound, as in the sizzle cymbal, or they may be used for both purposes depending on how it is played, as in the tambourine.

Ball chain surrounding the cabasa produces its sound when it is shaken

Rivets in a swish cymbal modify its sound

Tambourine jingles both sound when the tambourine is shaken and modify the sound of the hand beating the skin
Lowen (band)
Lowen are an English heavy metal band formed in 2017 by Nina Saeidi and Shem Lucas. The daughter of refugees of the Iranian Revolution in England, Saeidi wished to start an act that would allow her to perform metal with Middle Eastern elements.

The duo was formed after meeting at an Akercocke show and they have released one EP and two albums, the latest being Do Not Go to War With the Demons of Mazandaran (2024).

Church Road Records
Church Road Records is a British independent record label, founded in 2017. It is co-run by Sammy Urwin and Justine Jones, both of Employed to Serve. Originally founded as a mail-order distribution label, it was established as a proper record label in September 2020.
Angela Black (news anchor)
Angela Black is an American television news anchor and reporter, known primarily for her work for KABC-TV in Los Angeles, California and for being one of the earliest prominent African-American newscasters in Los Angeles television history.

KABC-TV
KABC-TV (channel 7) is a television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is the West Coast flagship station of the ABC television network, owned and operated through its ABC Owned Television Stations division. KABC-TV maintains studios in the Grand Central Business Centre of Glendale, and its transmitter is located on Mount Wilson.
Gluek, Minnesota
Gluek (/ɡlɪk/ GLIK) is an unincorporated community in Crate Township, Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States. There was a terminus point on the Minnesota Western Railroad in the community until the railroad was abandoned. The primary route to Gluek, Chippewa County Road 4, was formerly Minnesota State Highway 277.

Chippewa County, Minnesota
Chippewa County (/ˈtʃɪpəˌwɑː/ CHIP-ə-WAH) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,598. Its county seat is Montevideo. The county was formed in 1862, and was organized in 1868.
Spotswood, Victoria
Spotswood is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 7 km (4.3 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area. Spotswood recorded a population of 2,820 at the 2021 census.

The suburb is bounded by the Newport–Sunshine freight railway line in the west, the West Gate Freeway in the north, the Yarra River in the east and the Burleigh Street in the south.

Spotswood was named after John Stewart Spotswood, who was one of the first farmers who owned much of the area in the 1840s.

Harvie Krumpet
Harvie Krumpet is a 2003 Australian adult stop motion animated tragicomedy short film written, directed and animated by Adam Elliot, and narrated by Geoffrey Rush. It tells the life story of Harvie Krumpet, a Polish-Australian man whose life is plagued by bad luck but who nevertheless remains optimistic.

The film was funded by SBS Independent, the Australian Film Commission and Film Victoria, and it was filmed and animated by Adam Elliot and two assistants over 15 months in 2001–2003, using models made of plasticine and other materials. The production was completed in May 2003.

Harvie Krumpet premiered a month later at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival, followed by over 100 subsequent film festival screenings. It won many accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 2004.
Unalakleet Airport
Unalakleet Airport (IATA: UNK, ICAO: PAUN, FAA LID: UNK) is a state-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) north of the central business district of Unalakleet, a city in the Nome Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Unalakleet, Alaska
Unalakleet (/ˈjuːnələkliːt/ YOO-nə-lə-kleet; Inupiaq: Uŋalaqłiq, IPA: [uŋɐlɑχɬeq] or Uŋalaqłiit; Yup'ik: Ungalaqliit; Koyukon: Kk'aadoleetno’) is a city in Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States, in the western part of the state. As of the 2020 census, Unalakleet had a population of 765. Unalakleet is known in the region and around Alaska for its salmon and king crab harvests; the residents rely for much of their diet on caribou, ptarmigan, oogruk (bearded seal), and various salmon species.

Unalakleet is also known for its aesthetic value. It is located next to the Bering Sea and the large, clean Unalakleet River. The landscape also has trees, tundra, and hills behind it.
Flandreau Public Schools
Flandreau School District 50-3 , also known as Flandreau Public Schools, is a school district headquartered in Flandreau, South Dakota.

It operates an elementary school, a middle school, and a high school.

Flandreau, South Dakota
Flandreau /ˈflændruː/ FLAN-droo is a city in and county seat of Moody County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2,372 at the 2020 census. It was named in honor of Charles Eugene Flandrau, a judge in the territory and state of Minnesota. He is credited with saving the community of New Ulm, Minnesota, from destruction during conflict with the Sioux tribe in 1862.

In 2015, the nearby federally recognized Flandreau Indian Reservation of Santee Sioux had planned to open the nation's first recreational marijuana lounge in a former bowling alley, close to its existing Royal River Casino and Hotel. Any tourists or non-tribal members using marijuana on tribal land risked state prosecution, so they abandoned the plan.
Museo Guanche
Museo Guanche is an ethnographic museum in Icod de los Vinos, Tenerife. It is focused on the Guanches, the native inhabitants of the Canary Islands. It is located in the 'La Magalona' shopping centre. It contains life-sized scenes of Guanche culture, and recreations of paintings and petroglyphs from various parts of the islands. As of 2020, entrance fees are €6 for adults, and €3 for children.

Icod de los Vinos
Icod de los Vinos is a municipality in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife on the island of Tenerife, in the Canary Islands (Spain), located in the northwestern part of the island. Inhabitants of Icod are known in Spanish as "icodenses".

Icod has an area of 95.90 square kilometres (37.03 sq mi), is situated at an altitude of 235 metres (771 ft) above sea level, and had a population of 23,496 in 2022.
Tokushima Castle Museum
Tokushima Castle Museum (徳島市立徳島城博物館, Tokushima shiritsu Tokushima-jō hakubutsukan) opened in Tokushima, Japan, in 1992. The museum is located in a garden with the ruins of Tokushima Castle, and features exhibits about the history of the castle.

Tokushima (city)
Tokushima (徳島市, Tokushima-shi; Japanese: [tokɯ̥ꜜɕima]) is the capital city of Tokushima Prefecture on Shikoku island in Japan.  As of 1 September 2024, the city had an estimated population of 245,264 in 122,539 households and a population density of 1,280 persons per km². The total area of the city is 191.52 square kilometres (73.95 sq mi).
Peter Darling
Peter Darling (born 25 October 1963) is an English dancer and choreographer best known for his award-winning work in Billy Elliot the Musical.

In 2010, he choreographed Matilda the Musical at the RSC's Courtyard Theatre, which has since transferred to the West End and Broadway. He also choreographed for another Roahl Dahl stage adaption, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.  In 2015, it was announced he had teamed up with the creative team from Matilda to choreograph Groundhog Day. The musical transferred to The Old Vic in 2016, running through to September.

He was educated at Alleyn's School.

Groundhog Day (musical)
Groundhog Day is a musical with music and lyrics by Tim Minchin and a book by Danny Rubin. It is based on the 1993 film of the same name, directed by Harold Ramis and written by Ramis and Rubin.

It tells the story of Phil Connors, an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who, during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, finds himself in a time loop, repeating the same day again and again.

The musical made its world premiere at The Old Vic in London in summer 2016 and was nominated for eight Laurence Olivier Awards in 2017, winning for Best New Musical and Best Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical for Andy Karl; it later opened on Broadway in 2017, and was nominated for seven Tony Awards, including Best Musical and Best Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical for Karl.
Selene
In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene (/sɪˈliːniː/; Ancient Greek: Σελήνη pronounced [selɛ̌ːnɛː] seh-LEH-neh) is the goddess and personification of the Moon. Also known as Mene (/ˈmiːniː/; Ancient Greek: μήνη pronounced [mɛ̌ː.nɛː] MEH-neh), she is traditionally the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun god Helios and the dawn goddess Eos. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, her brother Helios and the mortal Endymion. In post-classical times, Selene was often identified with Artemis, much as her brother, Helios, was identified with Apollo. Selene and Artemis were also associated with Hecate and all three were regarded as moon and lunar goddesses, but only Selene was regarded as the personification of the Moon itself.

Her equivalent in Roman religion and mythology is the goddess Luna.

Theogony
The Theogony (Ancient Greek: Θεογονία, romanized: Theogonía, lit. 'the genealogy or birth of the gods') is a poem by Hesiod (8th–7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 730–700 BC. It is written in the epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1,022 lines. It is one of the most important sources for the understanding of early Greek cosmology.
Peoria, Ohio
Peoria is an unincorporated community in Liberty Township, Union County, Ohio, United States. It is located along Raymond Road, about 1.75 mi (2.82 km) south of Raymond and 6.5 mi (10.46 km) northwest of Marysville.

A post office was established in Peoria on September 26, 1872; it was closed on August 11, 1967. The mail service is now sent through the Columbus regional mail sorting facility, and distributed through the Marysville and Raymond local post offices.

Union County, Ohio
Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,784. Its county seat is Marysville. Its name is reflective of its origins, being the union of portions of Franklin, Delaware, Madison, and Logan counties. Union County is part of the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Patrick Carpentier
Patrick Carpentier (born August 13, 1971) is a Canadian former professional auto racing driver. In the Champ Car World Series and the IndyCar Series, he achieved five wins and 24 podiums, as well as two third place championship finishes in 2002 and 2004. The long-time Champ Car driver switched to the IndyCar Series in 2005, and moved on to Grand Am Road Racing in 2007. After a few NASCAR races in 2007, he moved full-time into the series in 2008. Since 2009, he has only had part-time drives, so became a contractor and renovator in Montreal, trading in real estate in Las Vegas, as well as being a color commentator for television coverage of various racing series. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 32 Ford Fusion for Go FAS Racing. Carpentier is now the president of a home construction firm in Quebec.

Circuit Gilles Villeneuve
The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, also spelled Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve (French pronunciation: [siʁ.kɥi ʒil vilnœv]), is a 4.361 km (2.710 mi) motor racing circuit on Notre Dame Island in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the venue for the FIA Formula One Canadian Grand Prix. It has previously hosted the World Sportscar Championship, the Champ Car World Series (Grand Prix of Montreal), the NASCAR Pinty’s Series, the NASCAR Nationwide Series (NAPA Auto Parts 200), and the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series.
MLB 2K13
MLB 2K13 (sometimes called Major League Baseball 2K13) is a 2013 baseball video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. This is the first and only MLB 2K game not to be released on the PlayStation 2, PSP, Wii, Nintendo DS and Microsoft Windows. The commentary is delivered by the trio of Gary Thorne, Steve Phillips, and John Kruk. David Price (then of the Tampa Bay Rays) is the game's cover athlete replacing Justin Verlander from MLB 2K12.

On January 6, 2014, 2K Sports announced that MLB 2K13 would be the final game in the MLB 2K series. This would be the last MLB game to be released on an Xbox console until MLB The Show 21, as Sony Interactive Entertainment would be the exclusive licensee for MLB Advanced Media, who eventually forced them to release the games on Xbox and Nintendo consoles to keep the license.

John Kruk
John Martin Kruk (born February 9, 1961) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and outfielder. Kruk played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Philadelphia Phillies, and Chicago White Sox from 1986 through 1995. During his career, he was a three-time MLB All-Star. After retiring as a player, Kruk became a baseball analyst for ESPN. He is now a color commentator for Phillies' games on NBC Sports Philadelphia.
Ramoth Chapel
Ramoth, Hirwaun originally a Baptist chapel in Davies Row, Hirwaun, Aberdare, Wales. Services at Ramoth were held in the Welsh language. Following renovation in 1982, the building continues to be used for Christian worship as an Assemblies of God fellowship.

Hirwaun
Hirwaun (/ˈhɪərwaɪn/, locally /ˈhɜːrwɪn/; Welsh pronunciation: [ˈhɪrwai̯n] ⓘ) is a village and community at the north end of the Cynon Valley in the County Borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales. It is 4 miles (6 km) NW of the town of Aberdare, and comes under the Aberdare post town. At the United Kingdom Census 2021 census, Hirwaun had a population of 5237;. The village is on the Heads of the Valleys Road and at the southern edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park.
Hartland, California
Hartland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tulare County, California, United States. Hartland sits at an elevation of 4,475 feet (1,364 m). The 2020 United States census reported Hartland's population was 69.

Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.
Phahonphonphayuhasena
Phahonphonphayuhasena (Thai: พหลพลพยุหเสนา) is a Thai noble title, granted to high-ranking military officers.

People who held the title include:

Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (Kim), held the title with the rank phra from 1885 to 1895, and phraya from 1895

Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (Arun Chatrakul), held the title from 1900 to 1903, later became Chaophraya Bodindechanuchit

Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (Nop Phahonyothin), held the title from 1903 to 1913

Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena (Phot Phahonyothin), held the title from 1931

Chaophraya Bodindechanuchit (Arun Chatrakul)
Chaophraya Bodindechanuchit (Thai: เจ้าพระยาบดินทรเดชานุชิต), personal name Mom Rajawongse Arun Chatrakul (หม่อมราชวงศ์อรุณ ฉัตรกุล, 14 April 1856 – 25 August 1921), was a Royal Siamese Army officer who served as Minister of War under King Vajiravudh from 1914 to 1921.
PAC Cresco
The PAC Cresco is a turboprop-powered derivative of the Fletcher FU-24 (later called the PAC Fletcher) aerial topdressing aircraft, manufactured by the Pacific Aerospace Corporation in Hamilton, New Zealand. The Cresco was superseded by the PAC P-750 XSTOL in the early 21st century, but in 2019 was returned to production with the first new aircraft being completed 3 December 2020.

NZAero
NZSkydive Ltd, trading as NZAero, is an aircraft manufacturing company based in Hamilton, New Zealand. Along with its predecessors, it has sold more than 700 utility, training and agricultural aircraft. The company replaced Pacific Aerospace Ltd, which became insolvent and was liquidated in 2021.
Superman vs. The Elite
Superman vs. The Elite is a 2012 American animated superhero film based on the comic book story "What's So Funny About Truth, Justice & the American Way?" in Action Comics #775 (March 2001). It was adapted to film by Joe Kelly, who also wrote the comic book story and it was directed by Michael Chang. The film featured the return of George Newbern as Superman and David Kaufman as Jimmy Olsen reprising their roles from the DC Animated Universe. Released on June 12, 2012, it is the 14th film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies.

George Newbern
George Newbern (born December 30, 1964) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Charlie in the ABC show Scandal (2012–2018) and Bryan MacKenzie in Father of the Bride (1991) and its sequels Father of the Bride Part II (1995) and Father of the Bride Part 3 (ish) (2020). He guest starred as Danny (The Yeti) in Friends and had a recurring role as Julia's son Payne in Designing Women.

Newbern is also known for his long-running role as the voice of Superman in various DC media starting with the animated series Justice League, as well as the voice of Sephiroth in the Final Fantasy series and the Kingdom Hearts series.
Lives on the Boundary
Lives on the Boundary, written by American scholar Mike Rose, is a 1989 work of non-fiction that explores the challenges and successes associated with literacy at the margins of America’s education system. Much of the work is autobiographical and explores Rose’s own challenges both learning and teaching reading and writing. The narrative base helps the reader form a personal connection to Rose, his colleagues, and his students. This book ultimately gives a voice to those marginalized by America's education system.

Mike Rose (educator)
Mike Rose (May 14, 1944 – August 15, 2021) was an American scholar of education who studied literacy and the struggles of working-class America. He was a Research Professor of Social Research Methodology in the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies.
Bob Herwig
Bob Herwig (December 12, 1914 – December 14, 1974) was an American football center. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1938 NFL draft with the 30th overall pick. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1964. Until their divorce in 1946, he was married to novelist Kathleen Winsor.

Kathleen Winsor
Kathleen Winsor (October 13, 1915 – May 26, 2003) was an American author. She is best known for her first work, the 1944 historical novel Forever Amber. The novel, racy for its time, became a runaway bestseller even as it drew criticism from some authorities for its depictions of sexuality. She wrote seven other novels, none of which matched the success of her debut.
Airborne (horse)
Airborne (1943 – 11 September 1962) was an Irish-bred British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire.  After showing little worthwhile form as a two-year-old, Airborne improved to become one of the leading three-year-olds in Britain in 1946. He won five successive races including two Classics: the  Derby at Epsom and the St Leger at Doncaster. He was the most recent of four greys to have won the Epsom Classic. Airborne went on to have a stud career of limited success.

British Classic Races
The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses, and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own age group. As such, victory in any classic marks a horse as amongst the very best of a generation. Victory in two or even three of the series (a rare feat known as the Triple Crown) marks a horse as truly exceptional.
Noorabad Assembly constituency
Noorabad was a legislative constituency in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of  Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Noorabad was also part of Anantnag Lok Sabha constituency until its dissolution.

Anantnag Lok Sabha constituency
Anantnag was a Lok Sabha constituency in Jammu and Kashmir  in northern India. This constituency came into existence  in 1967 and it was officially replaced and renamed as the Anantnag-Rajouri Constituency in May 2022.