hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Theodosius the Deacon
Theodosius the Deacon or Theodosios Diakonos (Greek: Θεοδόσιος ο Διάκονος) was a Byzantine poet who lived in the 10th century. He is known only through his The Capture of Crete (Greek: Ἅλωσις τῆς Κρήτης, in Latin: De Creta capta), an epic poem in 1039 twelve-syllable lines, written in 962/963 to celebrate the recapture of the island of Crete from the Arabs in 961 by Nikephoros Phokas.

Siege of Chandax
The siege of Chandax in 960–961 was the centerpiece of the Byzantine Empire's campaign to recover the island of Crete which since the 820s had been ruled by Muslim Arabs. The campaign followed a series of failed attempts to reclaim the island from the Muslims stretching as far back as 827, only a few years after the initial conquest of the island by the Arabs, and was led by the general and future emperor Nikephoros Phokas. It lasted from autumn 960 until spring 961, when the main Muslim fortress and capital of the island, Chandax (modern Heraklion) was captured. The reconquest of Crete was a major achievement for the Byzantines, as it restored Byzantine control over the Aegean littoral and diminished the threat of Saracen pirates, for which Crete had provided a base of operations.
Sgt. Fury & his Howling Commandos: Shotgun Opera
Sgt. Fury & his Howling Commandos: Shotgun Opera also known as simply Shotgun Opera or Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos, Vol. 2 is a 2009 comic book one-shot published by Marvel Comics. The story was written by Jesse Alexander and drawn by John Paul Leon.

Jesse Alexander
Jesse Alexander is an American television writer and producer. He was a co-executive producer and writer on Heroes. Originally from Santa Barbara, California, Alexander attended Sarah Lawrence College and AFI Conservatory. At Sarah Lawrence, he befriended J. J. Abrams, his collaborator on a number of projects.

Alexander became showrunner for American Gods starting with the second season, replacing Bryan Fuller and Michael Green. This was also his only season, replaced with Charles Eglee for season three.
My Last Duchess
"My Last Duchess" is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue. It first appeared in 1842 in Browning's Dramatic Lyrics. The poem is composed in 28 rhyming couplets of iambic pentameter (heroic couplet).

In the first edition of Dramatic Lyrics, the poem was merely titled "Italy".

Dramatic monologue
Dramatic monologue is a type of poetry written in the form of a speech of an individual character. M.H. Abrams notes the following three features of the dramatic monologue as it applies to poetry:

The single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes up the whole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment […].
This person addresses and interacts with one or more other people; but we know of the auditors' presence, and what they say and do, only from clues in the discourse of the single speaker.
The main principle controlling the poet's choice and formulation of what the lyric speaker says is to reveal to the reader, in a way that enhances its interest, the speaker's temperament and character.
Ogoso Station
Ogoso Station (小古曽駅, Ogoso-eki) is a railway station on the Kintetsu Utsube Line in Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu. It is 5.0 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kintetsu-Yokkaichi Station.

Yokkaichi
Yokkaichi (四日市市, Yokkaichi-shi) is a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2025, the city had an estimated population of 305,279 in 147,185 households and a population density of 1,478.3 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 206.50 square kilometres (79.73 sq mi).
1956 French Togoland autonomy referendum
A referendum on autonomy was held in French Togoland on 28 October 1956. Since World War I, the territory had been a League of Nations mandate and then a United Nations Trust Territory under French control. The referendum offered residents the choice of remaining a Trust Territory or becoming an autonomous region within the French Union. The result was 93% in favour of the latter, with a 77% turnout. However, the referendum was rejected by the United Nations General Assembly as it had not included the option of independence and opted to continue with the trusteeship. In neighbouring British Togoland, a referendum earlier in the year had resulted in the territory becoming part of Ghana.

The trusteeship was ended in 1960 when French Togoland became independent as Togo.

French Togoland
French Togoland (French: Togo français) was a French colonial League of Nations mandate from 1916 to 1946, and a UN trust territory from 1946 to 1960 in French West Africa. In 1960 it became the independent Togolese Republic.
California Park, California
California Park is an unincorporated community in Marin County, California, United States, and a suburb of San Rafael. It lies north of San Quentin State Prison.  Marin Sanitary Service is the largest tenant in the area.

The community is in ZIP code 94901 and area codes 415 and 628.

Area codes 415 and 628
Area codes 415 and 628 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the city of San Francisco and its northern suburbs in Marin County (across the Golden Gate), and the northeast corner of San Mateo County in the U.S. state of California. Area code 415 was one of the eighty-six original North American area codes established in 1947, but modified in geographic configuration later. Area code 628 was assigned in 2015 to form an overlay in that numbering plan area in mitigation of central office prefix exhaustion.
Everybody Plays the Fool
"Everybody Plays the Fool" is a 1972 song first recorded by American R&B group The Main Ingredient, and written by J. R. Bailey, Rudy Clark and Ken Williams. It was the first single released from the group's album Bitter Sweet, released with the B-side "Who Can I Turn To (When Nobody Needs Me?)". "Everybody Plays the Fool" was the group's highest charting hit single, reaching No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the fall of 1972. It also peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard R&B chart and at No. 25 on the Billboard adult contemporary chart. It was certified gold by the RIAA.

The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song at the 1973 ceremony, losing to "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone".

A 1991 cover of the song by Aaron Neville, from the album Warm Your Heart, was also successful, reaching #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #1 in New Zealand.

J. R. Bailey
James Ralph Bailey (June 17, 1937 – September 6, 1985) was an American R&B singer and songwriter. A member of The Cadillacs from 1956 to 1972, he also recorded as a solo artist. He worked as a background vocalist for singers such as Aretha Franklin, Roberta Flack, Donny Hathaway, Melvin Van Peebles and Jimmy Castor.
Sir Gregory Parsloe
Sir Gregory Parsloe-Parsloe, 7th Baronet (usually called Sir Gregory Parsloe) is a fictional character from the Blandings Castle short stories and novels of British author P. G. Wodehouse. In the stories, Parsloe resides at Matchingham Hall, near Blandings Castle, and is the rival and enemy of Lord Emsworth.

Blandings Castle
Blandings Castle is a recurring fictional location in the stories of British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse, being the seat of Lord Emsworth and the setting for numerous tales and adventures. The stories were written between 1915 and 1975.

The series of stories taking place at the castle, in its environs and involving its denizens have come to be known as the "Blandings books", or, in a phrase used by Wodehouse in his preface to the 1969 reprint of the first book, "the Blandings Castle Saga".

In a radio broadcast on 15 July 1961, Evelyn Waugh said: "The gardens of Blandings Castle are that original garden from which we are all exiled."
Davlekanovo
Davlekanovo (Russian: Давлеканово; Bashkir: Дәүләкән, Däwläkän) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the Dyoma River 90 kilometers (56 mi) west of Ufa. Population:  24,073 (2010 Census); 23,860 (2002 Census); 21,911 (1989 Soviet census). It was previously known as Itkulovo.

Dyoma (river)
The Dyoma (Bashkir: Дим, Dim, also Күгиҙел, Kügiźel; Russian: Дёма) is a river in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It flows north and joins the Belaya from the left bank at Ufa, the capital and largest city of Bashkortostan. The river is 535 km (332 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 12,800 km2 (4,900 sq mi). Its average discharge is 35 cubic metres per second (1,200 cu ft/s).

The Dyoma has its sources on the northern slopes of the Obshchy Syrt plateau at the border of Orenburg Oblast north of the south-flowing Salmysh branch of the Sakmara River. From there, it flows towards the northeast into Bashkortostan, where it forms a wide valley. Here, the river runs slowly, and is heavily meandering, particularly in its lower reaches before its confluence with the Belaya.

The town of Davlekanovo lies at the Dyoma, and the river's mouth is within the boundaries of the city of Ufa, in the township of Dyoma, named after the river.
Sala Municipality, Sweden
Sala Municipality (Swedish: Sala kommun) is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Sala.

The present municipality was created in 1971, when the City of Sala was amalgamated with the rural municipalities Möklinta and Tärna and a part of Västerfärnebo.

Västmanland County
Västmanland County (Swedish: Västmanlands län) is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Södermanland, Örebro, Gävleborg, Dalarna and Uppsala. The county also has a stretch of shoreline towards Mälaren (Sweden's third largest lake).
Len Ackland
Len Earl Ackland (born 1944) is a journalist and retired journalism professor from the University of Colorado Boulder. He was founding director of the Center for Environmental Journalism in 1992.

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor's degree in history, and from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies with a Master's degree. 
He was a humanitarian worker, RAND researcher and freelance writer during the Vietnam War in 1967-68.
He was a reporter for the Chicago Tribune and the Des Moines Register, where he won The George Polk Award in 1978 for a series on discriminatory mortgage lending, or "redlining."   
He was editor of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists when it won the 1987 National Magazine Award for a special issue on the Chernobyl nuclear accident. In 1991 he joined the faculty of the University of Colorado Boulder.  He is a member of the Unitarian Universalist Church of Boulder.

Unitarian Universalist Church of Boulder
The Unitarian Universalist Church of Boulder is a Unitarian Universalist ("UU") church in Boulder, Colorado.

In 2017, congregation members voted to become a sanctuary church and from December 2017 to March 2022, undocumented immigrant Ingrid Encalada Latorre lived in sanctuary within the church building prior to being pardoned by Colorado Governor Jared Polis and granted a stay of removal in 2021. Encalada Latoree was one of more than 70 immigrants nationally who lived in sanctuary in churches during the first Trump presidency.
Woodland (Duluth)
Woodland is a neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota, United States.  Woodland Avenue serves as a main route in the community.  The neighborhood is located between Fairmont Street and Martin Road.  Other routes include Calvary Road.

Rice Lake, Minnesota
Rice Lake is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,112 at the 2020 census.

Main routes include Rice Lake Road (County Road 4) and Martin Road (County Road 9).

Rice Lake Road runs north–south, and Martin Road runs east–west. Other routes include Howard Gnesen Road, Arnold Road, Calvary Road, West Tischer Road, and West Beyer Road.
Locality (linguistics)
In linguistics, locality refers to the proximity of elements in a linguistic structure. Constraints on locality limit the span over which rules can apply to a particular structure. Theories of transformational grammar use syntactic locality constraints to explain restrictions on argument selection, syntactic binding, and syntactic movement.

Projection principle
In linguistics, the projection principle is a stipulation proposed by Noam Chomsky as part of the phrase structure component of generative-transformational grammar. The projection principle is used in the derivation of phrases under the auspices of the principles and parameters theory.
The Plain, Oxford
The Plain is an important junction, now a roundabout constructed in 1950, just east of Magdalen Bridge in Oxford, England. To the east and southeast are St Clement's, Cowley Road and Iffley Road which leads to the Liddell Buildings of Christ Church on the other side of the Christ Church Meadow. Magdalen College School is to the south. Cowley Place, also to the south, leads to St Hilda's College, the most easterly college of the University of Oxford.

The Plain received its name after the parish church of St Clement's which stood here until 1829. The roundabout is the site of the former churchyard.

St Clement's, Oxford
St Clement's is an area and road in Oxford, England, on the east bank of the River Cherwell. "St Clement's" is usually taken to describe a small triangular area from The Plain (a roundabout) bounded by the River Cherwell to the North, Cowley Road to the South, and the foot of Headington Hill to the East. It also refers to the ecclesiastical parish of St Clement's which includes some neighbouring areas and is used in the names of local City and County electoral districts.

The area has a multicultural and socially diverse population ranging from owner occupiers, student accommodation and homes in multiple occupation to social housing. A number of properties in the area belong to The Charity of Thomas Dawson (The Dawson Trust) which was founded in 1521 to generate money for the benefit of the people of St Clement's and the parish church.
Pam Gregory
Pamela Gregory (née Duane) is an American figure skating coach and former competitor. She coaches at the University of Delaware Figure Skating Club and has trained many skaters, most notably Kimmie Meissner. Gregory is married to Scott Gregory. They have one daughter, Victoria.

As a competitive skater, Gregory passed her gold test, allowing her to skate at the senior level. However to be competitive, she would have had to leave home to pursue her career, and Gregory was not willing to do that. She quit competition and began to work for her coach, Linda Monney, as an assistant coach. She skated professionally in The Next Ice Age, a skating company. Gregory began working at the University of Delaware rink in 1990 and previously coached Scott Smith, Jeff Merica, Chrisha Gossard, Sara Wheat, Kelsey Drewel, and Christine Zukowski. Gregory has been Meissner's main coach since Meissner's novice season.

University of Delaware Figure Skating Club
The University of Delaware Figure Skating Club (UDFSC) was chartered in January 1986.  The University of Delaware is home to the Blue (Fred Rust Arena) and Gold arenas which serve as the home of the University of Delaware Figure Skating Club and the Delaware Ice Skating Science Development Center (ISSDC).  The University of Delaware Ice Skating Science Development Center (ISSDC) is a year-round training facility designed to meet the needs of figure skaters, first-time competitors and Olympians.  The ISSDC was directed by Ronald Ludington, who coached skaters in 9 consecutive Olympics and 36 World Championships.  His personal credentials included several skating titles: U.S. Pair Champion (1956–60), U.S. Silver Dance Champion (1958), World Bronze Medalist (1959), Olympic Bronze Medalist (1960), and World Invitational Dance Champion (1965).
Baseball at the 2011 Pan American Games
Baseball at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara was held between October 19 and 25, 2011. All games were played at the Pan American Baseball Stadium in Lagos de Moreno, Mexico. The draw for the competition took place in July 2011, in which the eight teams were drawn into two groups of four.

Baseball was competed by men only, while women competed in the similar sport of softball. Each team could enter a team of 24 athletes for a maximum of 192 competitors for this tournament. The tournament was played using designated hitter rules.

Cuba entered the tournament having won 10 consecutive baseball gold medals at the Pan American Games, dating back to 1971. Canada won the tournament, defeating the United States in the gold medal game. Cuba finished in third place, winning the bronze medal.

Canada national baseball team
The Canada national baseball team (French: Équipe du Canada de baseball masculin) represents Canada in international baseball. They are overseen by Baseball Canada, the governing body of baseball in Canada.

Canada was an inaugural member of the World Baseball Classic, making its debut in the first edition. They have yet to make it past the first round.

Team Canada will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.
2017–18 World Boxing Super Series – super middleweight division
The 2017–18 World Boxing Super Series – super middleweight division was a World Boxing Super Series professional boxing tournament taking place between September 2017 and September 2018 in several countries. The Super Series features eight top-rated super middleweight boxers in a single-elimination tournament. Its winner holds the WBA's world title, The Ring magazine title, as well as the Muhammad Ali trophy. The tournament was organized by Comosa AG. A cruiserweight tournament was held concurrently, with prize money for both competitions totaling US$50 million.

Chris Eubank Jr
Christopher Livingstone Eubank Jr (born 18 September 1989) is a British professional boxer. He has held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) middleweight title since 2024. Previously, he held the World Boxing Association (WBA) interim middleweight title twice between 2015 and 2021. He also held the (IBO) super-middleweight title twice between 2017 and 2019. At regional level, he held the British middleweight title in 2016. He is the son of former two-division world champion boxer, Chris Eubank.

Eubank Jr's first meeting against Conor Benn was named Fight of the Year by The Ring magazine, Boxing Writers Association of America, ESPN, BoxingScene, and CBS Sports.
Chrissiesmeer
Chrissiesmeer (Lake Chrissie) is a small town situated on the N17 road in Msukaligwa Local Municipality, in a wetland area of Mpumalanga province in South Africa, on the northern banks of the eponymous Lake Chrissie.

Lake Chrissie
Lake Chrissie (Afrikaans: Chrissiesmeer) is a lake in Msukaligwa Local Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa. It is a shallow and large lake, with a maximum depth of about 6 metres (20 ft), 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) long, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide. The lake is named after Christiana Pretorius, daughter of Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, the first president of the Boer Transvaal Republic. The lake is also informally known as "Matotoland" (meaning "land of frogs") and its Swazi name is "Kachibibi" (meaning "big lake"). The Sotho name is Seokodibeng, meaning the place of many waters.

A famous battle of the Second Boer War was fought by Lake Chrissie on 6 February 1901.
Circlotron
Circlotron valve amplifier is a type of power amplifier utilizing symmetrical cathode-coupled bridge layout of the output stage. Original circlotrons of 1950s used output transformers to couple relatively high output impedance of vacuum tubes to low-impedance loudspeakers. Circlotron architecture, easily scalable, was eventually adapted to operate without output transformers, and present-day commercially produced circlotron models are of output transformerless (OTL) type.

Output transformerless
Output transformerless (OTL) is a type of vacuum tube audio power amplifier, which omits an output transformer for the purpose of greater linearity and fidelity. Conventional vacuum tube amplifier designs rely upon an output transformer to couple the amplifier's output stage to the loudspeaker. Instead, OTLs use one of two primary methods for output stage coupling: direct coupling (DC) or capacitive coupling (AC).
André Aubréville
André Aubréville (30 November 1897, in Pont-Saint-Vincent (Meurthe-et-Moselle) – 11 August 1982, in Paris) was a French botanist, professor at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris and a member of the Academy of Sciences. He was the first scientist to introduce the term "desertification" (in his 1949 book: Climats, forêts et désertification de l'Afrique tropicale (Climates, Forests, and Desertification of Tropical Africa), and wrote a number of floras of former French colonies.

Ronald William John Keay
Ronald William John Keay (20 May 1920 – 7 April 1998) was a British botanist, who did much of his work in tropical Africa.

Keay was educated at the University of Oxford. He was an expert in West African forest flora working at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and at the Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI), part of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), and was director of that institute from 1960 to 1962. He collected specimens in Rhodesia, Nigeria, West Cameroon, the Congo, Rhodesia and Zambia.

During the 1970s and '80s he was a member, council member, treasurer and vice president of the Royal Society. After his retirement from the Royal Society he served as president of the Institute of Biology and also the treasurer of the Linnean Society of London.
Nanbu, Aomori
Nanbu (南部町, Nanbu-chō) is a town located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2025, the town had an estimated population of 15,922 in 7360 households, and a population density of 104 persons per km2 . The total area of the town is 153.12 square kilometres (59.12 sq mi).

Sannohe District, Aomori
List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Mutsu Province > Sannohe District

Japan > Tōhoku region > Aomori Prefecture > Sannohe District

Sannohe District (三戸郡, Sannohe-gun) is a district located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan.  It occupies the southeast corner of the prefecture, bordering Iwate Prefecture.

As of June 1, 2019, the district has an estimated population of 63,205 and a density of 65.2 persons per km2. The total area was 969.34 km2.
Plethysm
In algebra, plethysm is an operation on symmetric functions introduced by Dudley E. Littlewood, who denoted it by {λ} ⊗ {μ}. The word "plethysm" for this operation (after the Greek word πληθυσμός meaning "multiplication") was introduced later by Littlewood (1950, p. 289, 1950b, p.274), who said that the name was suggested by M. L. Clark.

If symmetric functions are identified with operations in lambda rings, then plethysm corresponds to composition of operations.

Λ-ring
In algebra, a λ-ring or lambda ring is a commutative ring together with some operations λn on it that behave like the exterior powers of vector spaces. Many rings considered in K-theory carry a natural λ-ring structure. λ-rings also provide a powerful formalism for studying an action of the symmetric functions on the ring of polynomials, recovering and extending many classical results (Lascoux (2003)).

λ-rings were introduced by Grothendieck (1957, 1958, p.148). For more about λ-rings see Atiyah & Tall (1969), Knutson (1973), Hazewinkel (2009) and Yau (2010).
Ambohijanaka
Ambohijanaka is a suburb and a rural commune in Analamanga Region, in the  Central Highlands of Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antananarivo-Atsimondrano and its populations numbers to 27,088 in 2018.

Antananarivo-Atsimondrano (district)
Antananarivo-Atsimondrano is a district of Analamanga in Madagascar. It covers the outskirts  of Antananarivo, and its postal code is 102. The district has an area of 422.0 km2 (162.9 sq mi), and the estimated population in 2020 was 699,348.