hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
GNU/Linux naming controversy
Since the 1990s, there has been ongoing debate over whether operating systems that use the Linux kernel in combination with GNU software should be referred to as Linux or GNU/Linux.

Supporters of the term Linux argue that it is more widely used in the media and by the general public, and that it serves as a practical shorthand for systems that combine the Linux kernel with software from a variety of sources, including the GNU Project.

Advocates of the term GNU/Linux, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF) and its founder Richard Stallman, argue that the name acknowledges the contributions of the GNU Project, particularly how the Linux kernel was added on top of the original GNU operating system. A few distributions, such as Debian, Trisquel, and Parabola GNU/Linux-libre, use this naming convention.

Parabola GNU/Linux-libre
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is a free and open-source Linux distribution based on Arch Linux and Arch Linux ARM for the x86-64, i686, and ARMv7 architectures. It is distinguished from other Arch-based distributions by offering only free software. It includes the GNU operating system components common to many Linux distributions and the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel. Parabola is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a completely free operating system, true to their Free System Distribution Guidelines.

Parabola uses a rolling release model like Arch, such that a regular system update is all that is needed to obtain the latest software. Development focuses on system simplicity, community involvement and use of the latest free software packages.
Guduru (woreda)
Guduru (also transliterated Gudru or Goodroo) is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. This woreda is named after one of the sections of the Macha Oromo, also known as the Torban Guduru ("the seven houses of Guduru"), which coalesced into a kingdom around 1855 under Gama Moras, which lay between the Abay River and the Gibe region. It was also the location of the Battle of Embabo, fought 6 June 1882; the Shewan forces of Menelik defeated the Gojjame army, capturing Negus Tekle Haymanot and establishing a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay.

Part of the Horo Gudru Welega Zone, Guduru is bordered on the south by Jimma Rare, on the southwest by Jimma Horo, on the west by Lake Finicha'a, on the northwest by Abay Chomen, on the north by the Abay River which separates it from the Amhara Region, and on the east by the Guder River which separates it from the Mirab Shewa Zone. The administrative center is Guduru. Hababo Guduru woreda was separated from Guduru.

Guduru, Ethiopia
Guduru (also known as Kombolcha or Kombosha) is a town in south-western Ethiopia. Located in the Horo Gudru Welega Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 09°32′N 37°30′E﻿ / ﻿9.533°N 37.500°E﻿ / 9.533; 37.500 and an elevation of 1969 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Guduru woreda.

The British traveller C.F. Rey passed through Gudru (which he called "Kombolcha") in December 1926, which he described as a "township" which covered a considerable area with a "straggle" of farmsteads consisting of a tukul and "a largish piece of ground belonging to it, which may or may not be enclosed by a rough fence."

Records at the Nordic Africa Institute website provide details of a primary school in Guduru in 1968, and also mention the presence of a fort and a church.
Where the Ragged People Go
Where the Ragged People Go is the first album by the Norwegian band Shining. It was released in 2001 on BP Productions.

The album title, "Where the Ragged People Go", is a line from the song The Boxer by Simon & Garfunkel.

Jørgen Munkeby
Jørgen Munkeby (born 3 September 1980 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz rock and heavy metal musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as the frontman in the band Shining and as a former member of Jaga Jazzist.
Doug's 1st Movie
Doug's 1st Movie is a 1999 American animated comedy film based on the television series Doug. Despite the film's title, it is the series finale of the show.

Directed by Maurice Joyce, the film was produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and Jumbo Pictures with animation provided by Plus One Animation. It stars the regular television cast of Tom McHugh, Fred Newman, Chris Phillips, Constance Shulman, Frank Welker, Alice Playten, Guy Hadley, and Doris Belack. It was released by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution under its Walt Disney Pictures label on March 26, 1999; an accompanying Mickey Mouse Works short entitled Donald's Dynamite: Opera Box was also released with the film itself. The film received generally unfavorable reviews from critics, and no further films based on Doug were made.

Jumbo Pictures
Jumbo Pictures was an American animation studio founded by Jim Jinkins and David Campbell on July 20, 1990. On February 29, 1996, Disney, which had completed its purchase of ABC nearly 3 weeks prior on February 9, purchased Jumbo Pictures to add Doug to their roster of properties. Jumbo Pictures' Doug had been a key show of Disney's One Saturday Morning since 1997. Jumbo Pictures also made one film, Doug's 1st Movie, in 1999. The studio was shuttered on October 15, 2000.
Minami (singer)
Minami (美波; born September 14, 1997) is a Japanese singer and songwriter from Saitama, currently signed to Warner Music Japan.

Minami won the second FlyingDog Audition Grand Prix in 2017, and later signed onto FlyingDog under Victor Entertainment in 2019. On June 30, 2020, she transferred to Warner Music Japan.

FlyingDog
FlyingDog, Inc. (株式会社フライングドッグ, Kabushiki-gaisha Furaingu Doggu), also stylized as flying DOG, is a Japanese record label formerly known as the Victor Entertainment subsidiary M-serve (stylized as m-serve), founded in 1997. FlyingDog is a record label that specializes in the production of animation-related video and music software.
Spinal decompression
Spinal decompression is the relief of pressure on the spinal cord or on one or more compressed nerve roots passing through or exiting the spinal column. Decompression of the spinal neural elements is a key component in treating spinal radiculopathy, myelopathy and claudication.

Claudication
Claudication is a medical term usually referring to impairment in walking, or pain, discomfort, numbness, or tiredness in the legs that occurs during walking or standing and is relieved by rest.  The perceived level of pain from claudication can be mild to extremely severe.  Claudication is most common in the calves but it can also affect the feet, thighs, hips, buttocks, or arms. The word claudication comes from Latin  claudicare 'to limp'.

Claudication that appears after a short amount of walking may sometimes be described by US medical professionals by the number of typical city street blocks that the patient can walk before the onset of claudication. Thus, "one-block claudication" appears after walking one block, "two-block claudication" appears after walking two blocks, etc. The term block would be understood more exactly locally but is on the order of 100 meters (328 feet).
Cartman Finds Love
"Cartman Finds Love" is the seventh episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated sitcom South Park, and the 230th episode of the series overall. It premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on April 25, 2012, and is rated TV-MA L and M (ls) in Australia.

In the episode, when a new black girl transfers to South Park Elementary, Cartman is inspired to play matchmaker by setting her up with Token, the one black boy in class, because Cartman believes "black people belong together."

Tolkien Black
Tolkien Black is a fictional character in the adult animated television series South Park. He was voiced by Trey Parker in early appearances, but South Park art director Adrien Beard took over in 2000 and has performed the character since. Until 2022, the character's name was Token Black as a play on tokenism, and he formerly had the last name “Williams”. His name was retconned in the episode "The Big Fix" to be Tolkien, after J. R. R. Tolkien, though earlier episodes now have his name spelled Tolkien in the closed captioning.
JS Taigei
JS Taigei (SS-513) is the first boat of the Taigei-class attack submarine of Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. The submarine was ordered from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in 2017 and laid down on 16 March 2018 at Kobe, Japan. Taigei was launched on 14 October 2020 and commissioned on 9 March 2022.

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 海上自衛隊, Hepburn: Kaijō Jieitai), abbreviated JMSDF (海自, Kaiji), also simply known as the Japanese Navy, is the navy branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. The JMSDF was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after World War II. The JMSDF has a fleet of 164 ships, 346 aircraft and 50,800 personnel.
Our Construction
Our Construction (Korean: 우리의 건설) is a 1946 North Korean documentary. It is widely considered to be the first North Korean film, and predates the 1949 My Home Village, which was the first feature film in the country. It is a silent and black-and-white film.

It was filmed with a single camera and consists of three parts that each cover an event from the first half of 1946. The first part commemorates the 27th anniversary of the March First Movement, the second part covers International Workers' Day celebrations on 1 May, and the third covers repairs to infrastructure of the Pothong River in Pyongyang.

Cinema of North Korea
The cinema of North Korea began with the division of Korea and has been sustained since then by the ruling Kim dynasty. Kim Il Sung and his successor Kim Jong Il were both cinephiles and sought to produce propaganda films based on the Juche ideology.

All film production is supervised by the Workers' Party of Korea and generally concerns propaganda. North Korea has nevertheless produced some non-propaganda films for export to the wider world. The North Korean film industry is sometimes referred to as "Chollywood", a portmanteau of "chollima" and "Hollywood".
Fear on Trial
Fear on Trial is a 1975 American television film about the blacklisting of 1950s broadcast personality John Henry Faulk, based on Faulk's 1964 memoir of the same title. It was directed by Lamont Johnson.

John Henry Faulk
John Henry Faulk (August 21, 1913 – April 9, 1990) was an American storyteller, humorist, and radio show host. His successful lawsuit against the entertainment industry helped bring an end to the Hollywood blacklist.
Thug Love (song)
"Thug Love" is a song recorded by American rapper 50 Cent released on September 21, 1999, for his debut studio album Power of the Dollar (2000). The song was written by 50 Cent himself, alongside Rashad Smith, Joshua Michael Schwartz, Brian Kierulf and Nycolia "Tye-V" Turman and was produced by Smith with co-production from Schwartz and Kierulf. The song features guest vocals from American girl group Destiny's Child. A music video was to be filmed to accompany the song, but was cancelled when 50 Cent was shot nine times just three days before the video was scheduled to be filmed.

Power of the Dollar
Power of the Dollar is the debut EP and unreleased debut studio album by the American rapper 50 Cent. The EP version was released September 12, 2000, by Columbia Records and Trackmasters Entertainment. The album version was originally set to be released as 50 Cent's major-label debut on July 4, 2000, but he was ultimately dropped by Columbia Records after being shot nine times and the album was shelved. Subsequently, the album was heavily bootlegged. Since then, Columbia has stated it has no plans to release the album.

The EP features guest appearances from Destiny's Child, Noreaga, and the Madd Rapper. The album version was set to feature all the artists included on the EP as well as Bun B and Dave Hollister. The album's production was handled by Trackmasters, Red Spyda, Sha Self, DJ Scratch and Erick Sermon, among other producers and was leaked on YouTube in 2012.
Vinography
Vinography is a wine blog dedicated to wine reviews, restaurant reviews, news, and commentary about the world of wine. It was started by Alder Yarrow in January 2004, and has been described by The Independent as an interesting source of wine related info from the San Francisco Bay area. It receives some of the highest web traffic of any wine blog. The blog has been noted by Food & Wine Magazine and The Wall Street Journal for its popularity and comprehensiveness.

The blog's author and founder, Alder Yarrow, is a graduate of Stanford University and founded an interactive design and strategy consulting firm in San Francisco.

The name is a portmanteau of vino, the Latin root meaning "wine", and the Greek word graphein, meaning "write".

Alder Yarrow
Alder Yarrow is an American wine blogger and restaurant blogger, and since 2004, publisher of "Vinography", one of the internet's most highly rated wine blogs. The founder of Hydrant, a San Francisco-based strategy and design consulting firm, Yarrow's blog has been described to "exhaustively chronicle San Francisco's wine bars".

Since 2011, Yarrow has written a column for European wine critic Jancis Robinson's web site. Yarrow left his career in the design industry in 2020 to focus on wine writing.
Chita Rivera Awards for Dance and Choreography
The Chita Rivera Awards for Dance and Choreography, informally known as The Chitas, honor excellence in dance and choreography in both stage and screen productions. Presented annually at the Skirball Center for the Performing Arts in New York City, the awards celebrate outstanding achievements in Broadway and Off-Broadway theatre as well as in film.

Established in 1982 as The Astaire Awards, the honors were originally created to recognize the legacy of Fred Astaire and his sister Adele, who were celebrated for their influential work on the Broadway stage. In 2017, the awards were renamed in honor of two-time Tony Award-winning dance icon Chita Rivera.

The Chita Rivera Awards are presented by the New York City Dance Alliance, and the event is publicized by long-standing Broadway press agency Keith Sherman & Associates.

Keith Sherman & Associates
Keith Sherman & Associates, also known as (KSA), is a public relations, marketing, and communications company headquartered in Times Square, New York City. Specializing in entertainment, KSA represents a broad range of clients, including film, television, theatre, sports, major events, and multi-national corporations.

Most notably, KSA served as the exclusive communications firm for The Tony Awards for nearly two decades and The New York Times for 11 years.  Other major clients include Fortune 500 professional services firm Marsh McLennan, the world's oldest and largest cancer center Memorial-Sloan Kettering, and Montreal International Jazz Festival, the largest jazz festival in the world.
Chernobyl Raion
Chernobyl Raion (Russian: Чернобыльский район, romanized: Chernobyl'skiy rayon) or Chornobyl Raion (Ukrainian: Чорнобильський район, romanized: Chornobylskyi raion) was a raion in the Soviet Union located in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. It was one of 26 administrative raions (districts) of Kyiv Oblast in northern Ukraine. After the Chernobyl disaster, the majority of the raion was contaminated, and many of its populated places were included into the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, which is an officially designated exclusion area around the site of the disaster.

Vyshhorod Raion
Vyshhorod Raion (Ukrainian: Вишгородський район) is a raion (district) in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Vyshhorod. It has a population of 132,136 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Vyshhorod Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Ivankiv and Poliske Raions, as well as the cities of Slavutych and Vyshhorod, which were previously incorporated as cities of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Vyshhorod Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 76,347 (2020 est.).
Marchlands
Marchlands is a British television series developed from the American television drama pilot The Oaks, written and created by David Schulner, and broadcast on ITV in 2011. A follow-up series, Lightfields, was broadcast in 2013. Each five-episode series explores the lives of three families, occupying the same house in different time periods, which is haunted by a restless spirit.

Dakota Blue Richards
Dakota Blue Richards (born 11 April 1994) is an English actress. Her film debut at the age of 13 was in The Golden Compass, as the lead character Lyra Belacqua. Other lead roles include the wayward teenager April in Dustbin Baby and Maria in the 2009 film The Secret of Moonacre. In 2011, she played Franky Fitzgerald in the third generation cast of British teen drama Skins. She has also played roles in television, film and on stage.
Stuka (horse)
Stuka (foaled February 23, 1990 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the Grade I Santa Anita Handicap at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California.

Bred and raced by Allen Paulson, Stuka's sire was the multiple Grade 1 winner, Jade Hunter, his dam was Caerleon's Success, a daughter of Caerleon, the 1988 and 1991 Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland.

Stuka was trained by Gary Jones.

Retired after the 1994 racing season, Stuka was sold to South American interests and has had a successful career at stud in Chile where he stands at Haras Don Alberto. As at October 30, 2011 he has sired  45 stakes winners.

Haras Don Alberto
Haras Don Alberto (also Stud Haras Don Alberto, Don Alberto Stables) is a thoroughbred racehorse breeding and training farm from Chile that has expanded to include operations in Argentina, England, and the United States. It is a subsidiary of Bethia Holding.
Litchfield High School (Gadsden, Alabama)
Litchfield High School was a public high school in Gadsden, Alabama, serving grades nine through twelve. LHS was founded in 1958 as Litchfield Junior High School and was converted into a high school in 1975. The school bears the name of the former president of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and inventor of the first tubeless automobile tire, Paul Weeks Litchfield.

It closed after the 2005–2006 academic school year after the Gadsden City Board of Education voted to construct a new facility - Gadsden City High School - and consolidate Litchfield, Emma Sansom, and Gadsden High Schools into one school.

Cory Middle school was later moved into the Litchfield High School buildings and renamed Litchfield Middle School.

Paul W. Litchfield
Paul Weeks Litchfield (July 26, 1875 – March 18, 1959) was an American inventor, industrialist, and author. He served as President, Chairman, and the first CEO of the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company and the founder of the town of Litchfield Park, Arizona and the city of Goodyear, Arizona. Among his many accomplishments as chairman was the establishment of a research and development department that produced the first practical airplane tire, long-haul conveyor belts, hydraulic disc brakes for airplanes, the first pneumatic truck tire, and a bullet-sealing fuel tank for military airplanes. Litchfield was also the author of books on air power, trucks, employee relations, and business.
Endovelicus
Endovelicus (Portuguese: Endouellicus, Endovélico; Spanish: Endovélico, Enobólico) is one of the pre-Roman Lusitanian and Celtiberian gods of the Iron Age. He was originally a chthonic god. He was the God/Lord of the Underworld and of health, prophecy and the earth, associated with vegetation and the afterlife. Later accepted by the Romans themselves, who assimilated it to Pluto or to Serapis and made him a relatively popular god.

Endovelicus had a temple in São Miguel da Mota in Alentejo, Portugal, and there are numerous inscriptions and ex-votos dedicated to him in the Ethnological Museum of Lisbon; possible toponyms include Andévalo in Spain. The cult of Endovelicus prevailed until the 5th century, just when Christianity was spreading in the region.

Lusitanians
The Lusitanians were an Indo-European-speaking people living in the far west of the Iberian Peninsula, in present-day central Portugal and the regions of Extremadura and Castilla y León of Spain. It is uncertain whether the Lusitanians were Celts or Celticized Iberians, related to the Lusones. After its conquest by the Romans, the land was subsequently incorporated as a Roman province named after them (Lusitania).
Rwanda at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Rwanda sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. The country was represented by a single athlete. Jean de Dieu Nkundabera, who won a bronze medal in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, competed in the 800 metre wheelchair sprint.

Jean de Dieu Nkundabera
Jean de Dieu Nkundabera is a Rwandan athlete who competes in paralympic athletics.

Nkundabera represented Rwanda at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, and won his country's first ever Paralympic or Olympic medal in any sport, by taking bronze in the T46 men's 800 metre race, with a time of 1:58.95. He represented Rwanda again at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing.

As of 2016, Nkundabera remains Rwanda's sole Olympic or Paralympic medalist of any kind, despite Rwanda having a population of over 300,000 people with some sort of disability.
Mind Playing Tricks on Me
"Mind Playing Tricks on Me" is a song by Geto Boys, featured on their 1991 album We Can't Be Stopped. The lyrics describe the mental anguish and exhaustion of life as a gangster, including dealing with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, paranoia, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. It also samples "Hung Up on My Baby" by Isaac Hayes, from his 1974 film Tough Guys. At the song's peak, it reached 23 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it the highest-charting single by the Geto Boys.

We Can't Be Stopped
We Can't Be Stopped is the third studio album by Geto Boys, released on July 9, 1991. It was among their most successful records in terms of units sold. The album is analysed track-by-track by Geto Boys in Brian Coleman's book Check the Technique. We Can't Be Stopped was certified Platinum in early 1992.
Ana Cortés
Ana Emma del Rosario Cortés Jullian, more commonly known as Ana Cortés (24 August 1895 – 5 January 1998), was a Chilean painter of the Grupo Montparnasse. In 1974, she won the National Prize of Art of Chile, making her the first painter to do so.

National Prize of Art of Chile
The National Prize of Art of Chile, was created on November 9, 1942. It was awarded yearly since 1944 and alternated the mention among Painting or Sculpture, Music and Theatre. In 1992, it was replaced by the National Prizes of Plastic Arts, Musical Arts and Arts of the Representation and Audiovisual, respectively.
Basses Loaded
Basses Loaded is the 21st album by American rock band Melvins, released on June 3, 2016, through Ipecac Recordings. It features multiple bass guitar players, mainly those who had performed with the band over the past decade. Steven Shane McDonald of Redd Kross makes his debut with the Melvins, while Nirvana co-founder Krist Novoselic makes a guest appearance.

Nine songs from the album were previously released through Amphetamine Reptile Records on two limited edition EPs (Beer Hippy and War Pussy) and in a split-release with Le Butcherettes (Chaos as Usual). A version of the song "Choco Plumbing" appeared on the Cartoon Network program Uncle Grandpa in the episode "Uncle Melvins".

Melvins
Melvins (sometimes The Melvins) are an American rock band formed in 1983 in Montesano, Washington. Their early work was key to the development of both grunge and sludge metal. Primarily a trio, they have also performed as a quartet, with either two drummers or two bassists. Since 1984, vocalist and guitarist Buzz Osborne and drummer Dale Crover have been constant members.