hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hoffman nucleation theory
Hoffman nucleation theory is a theory developed by John D. Hoffman and coworkers in the 1970s and 80s that attempts to describe the crystallization of a polymer in terms of the kinetics and thermodynamics of polymer surface nucleation. The theory introduces a model where a surface of completely crystalline polymer is created and introduces surface energy parameters to describe the process. Hoffman nucleation theory is more of a starting point for polymer crystallization theory and is better known for its fundamental roles in the Hoffman–Weeks lamellar thickening and Lauritzen–Hoffman growth theory.

Crystallization of polymers
Crystallization of polymers is a process associated with partial alignment of their molecular chains. These chains fold together and form ordered regions called lamellae, which compose larger spheroidal structures named spherulites. Polymers can crystallize upon cooling from melting, mechanical stretching or solvent evaporation. Crystallization affects optical, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of the polymer. The degree of crystallinity is estimated by different analytical methods and it typically ranges between 10 and 80%, with crystallized polymers often called "semi-crystalline". The properties of semi-crystalline polymers are determined not only by the degree of crystallinity, but also by the size and orientation of the molecular chains.
René Privat
René Privat (4 December 1930 – 19 July 1995) was a French professional road bicycle racer. He was professional from 1952 to 1962 with 19 wins which included the classic Milan–San Remo. He also won three stages in the 1957 Tour de France and one stage in the 1960 Tour de France.

1957 Tour de France
The 1957 Tour de France was the 44th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 27 June to 20 July. It was composed of 22 stages over 4,669 km (2,901 mi).

The 1957 Tour was the first win for Jacques Anquetil, who won the Tour five times over his career.

The French national team was very successful in the 1957 Tour de France; not only did they provide the winning cyclist, they also won the team classification, and almost every daily team classification. They lost only one cyclist (the previous year's winner Roger Walkowiak), and had the stage winner 12 times. They had Forestier winning the points classification, and Bergaud second in the mountains classification. Only once they did not have the yellow jersey for the leader in the general classification, when Barone took it after the seventh stage.
I'm Different (Hi Suhyun song)
"I'm Different" (Korean: 나는 달라; RR: Naneun Dalla) is the debut single by YG Family unit Hi Suhyun, consisting of Lee Hi and Akdong Musician's Lee Su-hyun. It also features Bobby of iKON. The song was released digitally on November 11, 2014 by YG Entertainment and KT Music. This is the unit's only release before Lee Hi's departure from YG Entertainment on December 31, 2019. Blackpink's Jisoo appeared in the music video.

Billboard magazine described the song as a jazzy, funk-inspired duet that captures the two singers' unique energies and music styles.

Hi Suhyun
Hi Suhyun (Korean: 하이 수현) was a South Korean duo formed by YG Entertainment in 2014, consisting of Lee Hi and Lee Su-hyun from Akdong Musician. They released the number one single, "I'm Different", in November 2014.
Lutheran Women's Caucus
The Lutheran Women's Caucus (LWC) was organized by women in the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod in the 1960s and opened up to other synods in the 1970s, during the second wave of American feminism.  The purpose of the LWC was to support the ordination of women in the Lutheran church.    The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) soon began to ordain women in the 1970s, leaving the primary cause of feminists who were within both the Women's Caucus and ELCA without a primary focus for members, though caucus members of the Missouri Synod continued to be active. Since the mid-1980s, about 64% of American and Canadian Lutherans are members of the ELCA or ELCIC.

Today, the Lutheran Women's Caucus supports abortion rights, and is a member of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice.

Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice
The Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice (RCRC) is an American abortion rights organization founded in 1973  by clergy and lay leaders from mainline denominations and faith traditions to create an interfaith organization following Roe v. Wade, the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion in the U.S. In 1993, the original name – the Religious Coalition for Abortion Rights (RCAR) – was changed to the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice.
2025 Asia Cup
The 2025 Men's Asia Cup (also known as DP World Asia Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 17th edition of the Asia Cup cricket tournament. It took place in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 9 to 28 September 2025. The matches were played in the Twenty20 International (T20I) format. India was the defending champions of 2023.

The tournament featured eight teams. The five full members of the Asian Cricket Council, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka automatically qualified for the tournament and were joined by United Arab Emirates, Oman and Hong Kong, the teams which finished in the top three in the 2024 ACC Men's Premier Cup. In the final, India defeated Pakistan by 5 wickets to win their ninth title, and thus retained the title.

Andy Pycroft
Andrew John Pycroft (born 6 June 1956) is a Zimbabwean match referee and former cricketer who played in 3 Test matches and 20 One Day Internationals from 1983 to 1992. After his cricket career, Pycroft served as a national selector and coach for Zimbabwe national cricket team before being appointed to the ICC Elite Panel of Match Referees in 2009.
The No Asshole Rule
The No Asshole Rule: Building a Civilized Workplace and Surviving One That Isn't is a book by Stanford professor Robert I. Sutton. He initially wrote an essay for the Harvard Business Review, published in Breakthrough Ideas for 2004. Following the essay, he received more than one thousand emails and testimonies. Among other reasons disclosed in another article published at the Harvard Business Review, these letters led him to write the book, which sold more than 115,000 copies and won the Quill Award for best business book in 2007.

The theme of the book is that workplace bullying worsens morale and productivity.  To screen out the toxic staff, it suggests the "no asshole rule".  The author insists upon use of the word asshole since other words such as bully or jerk "do not convey the same degree of awfulness". In terms of using the word in the book's title, he said "There's an emotional reaction to a dirty title.  You have a choice between being offensive and being ignored."

Robert I. Sutton
Robert I. Sutton (born 1954 in Chicago) is an American professor of management science at the Stanford University School of Engineering and a researcher in the field of evidence-based management. He is a New York Times best-selling author.

Sutton received a Ph.D. in organizational psychology from the University of Michigan in 1984. He has been on the Stanford University faculty since 1983. He has also taught at the Haas School of Business of the University of California, Berkeley, and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford during the 1986–87, 1994–95, and 2002–03 academic years. He is currently also a Fellow at the design consulting firm IDEO and has a courtesy appointment as a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Bill Anderson (strongman)
William Smith Anderson MBE (6 October 1937 - 2 August 2019) was a Scottish Highland Games athlete. He won the World Highland Games Championships in 1981 and the Scottish Highland Games Championships 16 times. He also broke multiple world records and held every possible Scottish record in Highland Games.

Scottish Sports Hall of Fame
The Scottish Sports Hall of Fame is the national sports hall of fame of Scotland, set up in 2002. It is a joint project organised by sportscotland, the national governmental body for Scottish sport, and National Museums Scotland. It is also funded by BBC Scotland and donations from the general public. The founding patrons were Anne, Princess Royal, a notable supporter of the Scotland national rugby union team; First Minister Jack McConnell; and Formula One triple world champion Jackie Stewart.
Belgrave Walk tram stop
Belgrave Walk tram stop is a stop on the Tramlink service near Mitcham in the London Borough of Merton. The stop is named after Belgrave Walk, an adjacent residential street to the north.

The tram stop consists of an island platform which is accessed by pedestrian level crossings at both ends of the platform. The crossing at the western end only serves the north side of the line, whilst the one at the eastern end forms a path connecting neighbourhoods on either side of the line. The Phipps Bridge tram stop is clearly visible to the west.

Mitcham
Mitcham is an area within the London Borough of Merton in South London, England. It is centred 7.2 miles (11.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross. Originally a village in the county of Surrey, today it is mainly a residential suburb, and includes Mitcham Common. It has been a settlement throughout recorded history.

Amenities include Mitcham Library and Mitcham Cricket Green. Nearby major districts are Croydon, Sutton, Beddington, Wimbledon, Morden, Tooting, Streatham, Norbury and Colliers Wood. Mitcham, most broadly defined, had a population of 63,393 in 2011, formed from six wards including Pollards Hill.
GoldenPass Express
The GoldenPass Express is a luxury railway service that operates as a Panorama Express (PE) train between Montreux, on Lake Geneva, and Interlaken, in the Bernese Oberland, in Switzerland. The train is owned and operated jointly by the Montreux Oberland Bernois Railway (MOB) and BLS AG (BLS). As such, it uses the MOB's 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge line between Montreux and Zweisimmen. In Zweisimmen, the train cars change gauges in order to operate on BLS' 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge lines from Zweisimmen to Spiez and then from Spiez to Interlaken. The automatic gauge changeover, which adjusts both the track gauge and the height of the car body (to account for differences in platform heights), is believed to the first of its kind in the world when implemented on 11 December 2022.

Panorama Express
Panorama Express, abbreviated PE, is a special category of long-distance train in Switzerland. It was introduced with the December 2019 timetable change, and is generally used to denote tourism-focused services.

Characteristics of a Panorama Express can include first- and second-class seating, air-conditioned coaches, and a limited number of intermediate stops. Advance reservations are often required but not necessarily compulsory.
O'Carroll
O'Carroll (Irish: Ó Cearbhaill), also known as simply Carroll, Carrol or Carrell, is a Gaelic Irish clan which is the most prominent sept of the Ciannachta (also known as Clan Cian). Their genealogies claim that they are kindred with the Eóganachta (themselves led by the O'Sullivans and MacCarthys), descended paternally from Ailill Aulom. From the Middle Ages until 1552, the family ruled an area within the Kingdom of Munster known as Éile. The last monarch Tiege Cian O'Carroll surrendered and regranted to the Tudor Kingdom of Ireland.

Eóganachta
The Eóganachta (Modern Irish: Eoghanachta, pronounced [ˈoːnˠəxt̪ˠə]) were an Irish dynasty centred on Cashel which dominated southern Ireland (namely the Kingdom of Munster) from the 6/7th to the 10th centuries, and following that, in a restricted form, the Kingdom of Desmond, and its offshoot Carbery, to the late 16th century. By tradition the dynasty was founded by Conall Corc but named after his ancestor Éogan, the firstborn son of the semi-mythological 3rd-century king Ailill Aulom. This dynastic clan-name, for it was never in any sense a 'surname,' should more accurately be restricted to those branches of the royal house which descended from Conall Corc, who established Cashel as his royal seat in the late 5th century.
Marshall Metropolitan High School
John Marshall Metropolitan High School is a public 4–year high school located in the East Garfield Park neighborhood on the west side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in 1895, Marshall is operated by the Chicago Public Schools district. Marshall is named in honor of John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall serves the students of the East Garfield Park, West Garfield Park, North Lawndale and Humboldt Park neighborhoods.

Humboldt Park, Chicago
Humboldt Park is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States, located on the West Side of Chicago. The Humboldt Park neighborhood is known for its dynamic social and ethnic demographic change over the years. The Puerto Rican community has identified strongly with the area since the 1970s. Humboldt Park is also the name of the Chicago Park District's historic 207-acre (0.8 km2) park or public garden adjacent to the community area.
Fractional Laplacian
In mathematical analysis, the fractional Laplacian is an operator that generalizes the notion of the Laplace operator to fractional powers of spatial derivatives. It is frequently used in the analysis of nonlocal partial differential equations, especially in geometry and diffusion theory.

Nonlocal operator
In mathematics, a nonlocal operator is a mapping that maps a space of functions on a topological space to another space of functions on some domain in such a way that the value of the function output at a given point cannot be determined solely from the values of the input function in an arbitrary neighbourhood of any point. An example of a nonlocal operator is the Fourier transform.
Sam Parkin
Samuel Parkin (born 14 March 1981) is an English former footballer; a radio presenter for BBC Wiltshire, regularly involved with Swindon Town's coverage; and commentator for Chelsea TV. Throughout his career Parkin has played as a forward for Chelsea, Millwall, Wycombe Wanderers, Oldham Athletic, Northampton Town, Swindon Town, Ipswich Town, Luton Town, Leyton Orient, Walsall, St Johnstone, Queen of the South, St Mirren, and most recently Exeter City in League Two.

Chelsea TV
Chelsea TV was a British subscription based sports television channel, dedicated to the fans of the English Premier League football club, Chelsea. The channel first launched in August 2001 on Sky Digital. The station was registered with Ofcom as Chelsea Digital Media Ltd. It was broadcast daily from 10:00am to midnight. Until it was removed in early 2010, it used to be broadcast in Channel 427 on UPC Ireland.

The channel closed on 30 June 2019, and was moved to an online only service.
Live at Last Tour
The Live at Last Tour (also known as the Encore Tour in the summer of 2005) was the first concert tour by American recording artist Anastacia in support of her third studio album, Anastacia (2004). The tour played over 80 shows across Europe.

One Day in Your Life (Anastacia song)
"One Day in Your Life" is a song by American singer Anastacia from her second studio album, Freak of Nature (2001). Co-written with and produced by Sam Watters and Louis Biancaniello, the song was released as the album's second single on February 25, 2002, by Daylight Records and Epic Records. It was the first single from Freak of Nature to be released in the United States, peaking at number one on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart.
I'll Come Back as Another Woman
"I'll Come Back as Another Woman" is a song written by Kent Robbins and Richard E. Carpenter, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker.  It first charted in November 1986 as the third single from the album Girls Like Me.  The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Kent Robbins
Kent Marshall Robbins (April 23, 1947 – December 27, 1997) was an American country music songwriter.

Robbins was born  in Mayfield, Kentucky. He began writing for Charley Pride's Pi-Gem music in 1974. Between then and his death, he wrote songs for several other country music artists. Among his compositions was "Love Is Alive" by The Judds, for which he received a Grammy Award nomination in 1985. Robbins also founded a publishing company in 1981 with songwriter Buzz Cason.

Robbins died in an automobile accident outside Clanton, Alabama in 1997. One year after his death, he was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island
Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island (also known as Daffy Duck's Movie: Fantastic Island) is a 1983 American animated anthology film directed by Friz Freleng and Phil Monroe with a compilation of classic Warner Bros. cartoon shorts and animated bridging sequences, hosted by Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales. This was the first Looney Tunes compilation film to center on Daffy Duck, as the previous ones had centered on Bugs Bunny. The premise of the framing animation was a general parody of the popular 1970s/1980s television series Fantasy Island, with Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales playing caricatures of that series' principal characters, Mr. Roarke and Tattoo (respectively).

A note in the end credits dedicates the film to animator and story man, John Dunn, "who inspired it." Dunn died of heart failure in San Fernando, California on January 17, 1983; six months before the film's release.

Phil Monroe
Philip Monroe (October 31, 1916 – July 13, 1988) was an American animator and director best known for working for Warner Bros. Cartoons under the supervision of Chuck Jones. Monroe had also worked for UPA.
Cycasin
Cycasin is a carcinogenic and neurotoxic glucoside found in cycads such as Cycas revoluta and Zamia pumila. Symptoms of poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, seizures, and hepatotoxicity. In metabolic conditions, cycasin is hydrolyzed into glucose and methylazoxymethanol (MAM), the latter of which dissociates into formaldehyde and diazomethane.

It induces hepatotoxicity and Zamia staggers, a fatal nervous disease affecting cattle resulting from browsing on the leaves or other parts of cycads.

Zamia pumila
Zamia pumila, commonly known as guáyiga or guáyara in Spanish, is a small, tough, woody cycad native to the Greater Antilles. Z. pumila was the first species described for the genus and, therefore, is the type species for the genus Zamia, the Zamia pumila species complex, and the family Zamiaceae.
Turtle, Wisconsin
The Town of Turtle is located in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,393 at the 2020 census. The city of Beloit borders the town. The unincorporated communities of Foxhollow, Porters, and Shopiere are located in the town. The unincorporated community of Tiffany is also located partially within the town.

Beloit, Wisconsin
Beloit (/bəˈlɔɪt/ ⓘ bə-LOYT) is a city in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin, on the state border with Illinois. The population was 36,657 at the 2020 census. The Janesville–Beloit metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,000 residents.
Nottingham City Hospital
Nottingham City Hospital is a large hospital located in Nottingham, England. It occupies a large 90-acre (360,000 m2) site on the ring road to the North of the city centre. It is composed of many buildings, most of which are joined by long corridors. Buildings include a leisure club, a Maggies Centre for people with cancer, and a patient hotel. It is managed by the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust.

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH) is one of England's largest acute teaching trusts. It was established on 1 April 2006 following the merger of Nottingham City Hospital and the Queen's Medical Centre NHS Trusts. They provide acute and specialist services to 2.5m people within Nottingham and surrounding communities at the Queen's Medical Centre (QMC) and the City Hospital campuses, as well as specialist services for a further 3-4m people from across the region.

A merger with Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust was planned, and Peter Homa, Chief Executive of Nottingham at that time took the same role at Sherwood Forest, but refused to accept responsibility for the trust's £2.5bn private finance initiative contract. In 2016 Homa stepped down from the job at Sherwood Forest and in November 2016 it was announced that the merger would not proceed.
Ministry (government department)
Ministry or department (also less commonly used secretariat, office, or directorate) are designations used by first-level executive bodies in the machinery of governments that manage a specific sector of public administration.

These types of organizations are usually led by a politician who is a member of a cabinet—a body of high-ranking government officials—who may use a title such as minister, secretary, or commissioner, and are typically staffed with members of a non-political civil service, who manage its operations; they may also oversee other government agencies and organizations as part of a political portfolio. Governments may have differing numbers and types of ministries and departments. In some countries, these terms may be used with specific meanings: for example, an office may be a subdivision of a department or ministry.

Machinery of government
The machinery of government (sometimes abbreviated as MoG) is the interconnected structures and processes of government, such as the functions and accountability of departments in the executive branch of government.  The term is used particularly in the context of changes to established systems of public administration where different elements of machinery are created.

The phrase 'machinery of government' was thought to have been first used by author John Stuart Mill in Considerations on Representative Government (1861).  It was notably used to a public audience by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a radio broadcast in 1934, commenting on the role of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) in delivering the New Deal.  A number of national governments, including those of Australia, Canada, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, have adopted the term in official usage.
Smart Mobility Architecture
Smart Mobility Architecture (SMARC) is a computer hardware standard for computer-on-modules (COMs).
SMARC modules are specifically designed for the development of extremely compact low-power systems, such as mobile devices.

Computer-on-module
A computer-on-module (COM) is a type of single-board computer (SBC), a subtype of an embedded computer system. An extension of the concept of system on chip (SoC) and system in package (SiP), COM lies between a full-up computer and a microcontroller in nature.  It is very similar to a system on module (SOM).
Samuel Merritt University
Samuel Merritt University (SMU) is a private university focused on health sciences with its main campus in Oakland, California, and other facilities in Sacramento, San Mateo and Fresno. It was an affiliate of the Sutter Health Network and Alta Bates Summit Medical Center until it disaffiliated in January, 2022, becoming a wholly independent institution. It is the only provider of physical therapists, occupational therapists, and physician assistants and is the largest source of nurses in the greater East Bay. Formerly known as Samuel Merritt College, it was founded in 1909 as a hospital school of nursing. Today, it stands as a comprehensive health sciences university, encompassing three colleges: College of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, and College of Podiatric Medicine

Alta Bates Summit Medical Center
Sutter Health Alta Bates Summit Medical Center is located in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its three hospital campuses are located in Berkeley (Alta Bates Campus, Herrick Campus) and Oakland (Summit Campus). Alta Bates Summit is a non-profit community-based medical center and is part of Sutter Health.