hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cantsfield
Cantsfield is a hamlet and civil parish in the City of Lancaster, in Lancashire, England, near the boundary with North Yorkshire. It is situated near the River Greta and on the A687 road near the junction with the A683. The parish had a population of 76 according to the 2001 census. In the 2011 census the parish was included with Tunstall. The village is a designated conservation area.

Thurland Castle, situated between Cantsfield and Tunstall, was originally built in the 14th century, and after being damaged during the English Civil War and rebuilt on two occasions, has now been converted into apartments.

City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster, or simply Lancaster (/ˈlæŋkæstər/), is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, and also includes the towns of Carnforth, Heysham and Morecambe and a wider rural hinterland. The district has a population of 145,006 (2024), and an area of 219 square miles (567 km2).

Much of the district's rural area is recognised for its natural beauty; it includes part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and parts of the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of Arnside and Silverdale and the Forest of Bowland. The neighbouring districts are Westmorland and Furness, North Yorkshire, Ribble Valley and Wyre.
Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction
The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction (also called the Arbuzov reaction) is the chemical reaction of a trivalent phosphorus ester with an alkyl halide to form a pentavalent phosphorus species and another alkyl halide. The picture below shows the most common types of substrates undergoing the Arbuzov reaction; phosphite esters (1) react to form phosphonates (2),  phosphonites (3) react to form phosphinates (4) and phosphinites (5) react to form phosphine oxides (6).

The reaction was discovered by August Michaelis in 1898, and greatly explored by Aleksandr Arbuzov soon thereafter.  This reaction is widely used for the synthesis of various phosphonates, phosphinates, and phosphine oxides.  Several reviews have been published.  The reaction also occurs for coordinated phosphite ligands, as illustrated by the demethylation of {(C5H5)Co[(CH3O)3P]3}2+ to give {(C5H5)Co[(CH3O)2PO]3}−, which is called the Klaui ligand.

Phosphonate
In organic chemistry, phosphonates or phosphonic acids are organophosphorus compounds containing C−PO(OR)2 groups, where R is an organic group (alkyl, aryl). If R is hydrogen then the compound is a dialkyl phosphite, which is a different functional group. Phosphonic acids, typically handled as salts, are generally nonvolatile solids that are poorly soluble in organic solvents, but soluble in water and common alcohols.

Many commercially important compounds are phosphonates, including glyphosate (the active molecule of the herbicide Roundup), and ethephon, a widely used plant growth regulator. Bisphosphonates are popular drugs for treatment of osteoporosis.

In biochemistry and medicinal chemistry, phosphonate groups are used as stable bioisosteres for phosphate, such as in the antiviral nucleotide analog, Tenofovir, one of the cornerstones of anti-HIV therapy. And there is an indication that phosphonate derivatives are "promising ligands for nuclear medicine."
Melanesian megapode
The Melanesian scrubfowl or Melanesian megapode (Megapodius eremita) is a megapode species that is endemic to islands within Melanesia. The Melanesian scrubfowl has a unique strategy of egg incubation in which it relies on environmental heat sources. This bird species is culturally important for Indigenous peoples in Melanesia.

Megapode
The megapodes, also known as incubator birds or mound-builders, are stocky, medium-large, chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet in the family Megapodiidae. Their name literally means "large foot" and is a reference to the heavy legs and feet typical of these terrestrial birds. All are browsers, and all except the malleefowl occupy wooded habitats. Most are brown or black in color. Megapodes are superprecocial, hatching from their eggs in the most mature condition of any bird. They hatch with open eyes, bodily coordination and strength, full wing feathers, and downy body feathers, and are able to run, pursue prey and, in some species, fly on the day they hatch.
Howard Arman
Howard Arman (born 1954 in London) is an English choral conductor and opera director. He won the Handel Prize of the Handel Festival, Halle, in 1996, shaped the festival's orchestra and conducted operas of George Frideric Handel. He is a conductor of the Theater and Philharmonie Thüringen, also the Luzerner Theater. Since 2017 he is the director of the Bayerische Rundfunk Chor.

MDR Rundfunkchor
MDR Rundfunkchor is the radio choir of the German broadcaster Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR), based in Leipzig, Saxony. Dating back to 1924, the choir became the radio choir of a predecessor of the MDR in 1946, then called Kammerchor des Senders Leipzig, or Rundfunkchor Leipzig. The present name was established in 1992. The choir has appeared internationally, and has made award-winning recordings.
Amazing (Matt Cardle song)
"Amazing" is a song by British singer-songwriter Matt Cardle, released as the third single from his debut studio album, Letters, on 19 February 2012. The song was co-written by Tom Leonard, Martin Harrington, Ash Howes, Richard Stannard and Cardle himself. The single was backed with an all-new track, "All Is Said", as well as a live version of "Slowly", and a studio version of his cover of "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face".

Martin Harrington
Martin Harrington is a British songwriter, record producer and music publisher. He has written songs for artists including Emma Bunton, Five, Celine Dion, Natalie Imbruglia and Blue. The song "Love at First Sight" by Kylie Minogue, of which he was one of the co-writers, was nominated for both Grammy and Ivor Novello awards and was the most played song on UK radio in 2002. The song "Shiver" by Natalie Imbruglia, of which he was one of the co-producers, was the most played song on UK radio in 2005.

In June 2016, Harrington and Thomas Leonard filed a $20 million lawsuit against Ed Sheeran, alleging that his song "Photograph" copied elements from their 2009 composition "Amazing," performed by Matt Cardle. The case was settled in 2017 under undisclosed terms.
Atys (gastropod)
Atys is a genus of very small to medium-sized sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Haminoeidae.

All the species within the genus Atys are herbivores. They occur in tropical and warm oceans and seas. They are cephalaspideans, part of the suborder of headshield slugs and bubble snails.

The genus was named after Atys, a king of Alba Longa, who was mentioned in ancient Greek texts.

Haminoeidae
Haminoeidae, commonly known as the haminoeid bubble snail family, is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Haminoeoidea.

The name of this family has long been controversial, and used to be Atyidae or Atydidae. Another, but incorrect, spelling was Haminaeidae (See (ICZN) 2000. Opinion 1942).

A number of genera have been proposed for this family, but the species are hard to identify (or sometimes impossible to identify) by looking only at the external characteristics. Until the internal anatomy of 'wet' specimens has been fully described, the status of many of the genera listed here is uncertain.
A Hero on Horseback
A Hero on Horseback is a 1927 American silent Western film directed by Del Andrews and starring Hoot Gibson. It was produced and directed by Universal Pictures.

A copy is held in the Library of Congress collection.

Del Andrews
Del Andrews (October 5, 1894 – October 27, 1942), born Udell Endrows, was an American film director and screenwriter in the 1920s. He primarily worked on low budget westerns, writing and directing films starring Hoot Gibson, Fred Thomson, and Bob Custer.

He shared an Academy Award nomination with Maxwell Anderson for the script to Universal's 1930 film All Quiet on the Western Front.
Take It Home (B. B. King album)
Take It Home is a studio album by the American musician B.B. King, released in 1979. As with his previous album, Midnight Believer, members of the fusion band the Crusaders participated in the recording sessions.

Wilton Felder
Wilton Lewis Felder (August 31, 1940 – September 27, 2015) was an American saxophone and bass player, and is best known as a founding member of the Jazz Crusaders, later known as the Crusaders. Felder played bass on the Jackson 5's hits "I Want You Back" (1969) and "ABC" (1970) and on Marvin Gaye's "Let's Get It On" (1973).
George Paxinos
George Paxinos (Greek: Γιώργος Παξινός, born 6 December 1944) is a Greek Australian neuroscientist, born in Ithaca, Greece. He completed his BA in psychology at the University of California at Berkeley and his PhD at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. After a postdoctoral year at Yale University, he moved to the School of Psychology of the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. He is currently an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellow at Neuroscience Research Australia and Scientia Professor of Medical Sciences at the University of New South Wales.

He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, the Australian Academy of Social Sciences in Australia, and the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences. He was also awarded a Distinguished Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 2019. Paxinos is a corresponding member of the Academy of Athens, and the only Australian with this award.

Neuroscience Research Australia
Neuroscience Research Australia (or NeuRA) is an independent, not-for-profit medical research institute based in Sydney, New South Wales. The institute is made up of over 400 researchers specialising in research to improve the lives of people living with brain and nervous system disorders. The institute's research spans neurodegeneration, including dementia and Parkinson's disease; mental health and mental illness including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia; and translational neuroscience including falls prevention, pain and injury prevention.
Azmeri Haque Badhon
Azmeri Haque Badhon (born 28 October 1983) is a Bangladeshi actress who has also worked in Indian cinema. She became notable after being the 2nd runners-up at the Lux Channel I Superstar in 2006. Later, she made her film debut with a film called Nijhum Oronney in 2010 along with Ilias Kanchan and Champa. She also acts television drama.

Badhon got her breakthrough in acting for her lead role at Rehana Maryam Noor (2021), the first officially selected Bangladeshi film in the "Un Certain Regard" section of the 74th Cannes Film Festival. She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actress, the 14th Asia Pacific Screen Awards (APSA) in "Best Actress" category and the Hong Kong Asian Film Festival award in the New Talent category for this film.

Rehana Maryam Noor
Rehana Maryam Noor (Bengali: রেহানা মরিয়ম নূর) is a 2021 Bangladeshi film. The film is directed by Abdullah Mohammad Saad and produced under the banner of Metro Video and co-produced by Sensemakers Productions. The film is about the struggling life of a 37-year-old assistant professor of a medical college. It was internationally distributed by German-based sales and distribution company Films Boutique.

In 2021, it was selected in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival. It was the first  Bangladeshi film to be featured in this category. It was selected as the Bangladeshi entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards. Rehana Maryam Noor bagged two awards at Asia Pacific Screen Awards. The director of the film Abdullah Mohammad Saad bagged the Jury Grand Prize and actress Azmeri Haque Badhon bagged award in Best Performance by an Actress category.
Block Drug
Block Drug Company was a pharmaceutical company based in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States, that specialized in dental care products. Its most popular products included Polident denture cleanser, Poli-Grip denture adhesive, Dentu-Creme denture toothpaste, Nytol sleeping pill, Tegrin medicated shampoo for psoriasis, Lava hand soaps (acquired from Procter & Gamble), Beano and Phazyme anti-gas products, Balmex diaper rash ointments, and Sensodyne desensitizing toothpaste.

GlaxoSmithKline (now GSK plc) purchased the company for $1.24 billion in 2001.

Beano (dietary supplement)
Beano is an enzyme-based dietary supplement that is used to reduce gas in the digestive tract, thereby improving digestion and reducing bloating, discomfort, and flatulence caused by gas. It contains the enzyme alpha-galactosidase (α-GAL). It was introduced as a liquid, but that has been discontinued and it is now available only as tablets and strawberry-flavored "Meltaways".

Beano is marketed and distributed by Prestige Consumer Healthcare, Inc.
Margaret Millard
Dame Margaret Mary Millard DNZM JP (née Doherty; born 1939) is a New Zealand rural community leader. She was the first woman to serve as a provincial president of Federated Farmers, was chair of Rural Women New Zealand (formerly the Women's Division of Federated Farmers) between 1999 and 2001, and instigated the establishment of the Rural Family Support Trust. She was a Manawatu-Wanganui regional councillor from 1989 to 1992, and has also served on the Massey University Council.

Federated Farmers
Federated Farmers of New Zealand is a lobby and advocacy group for farmers and  rural communities. It has a network of 24 regional organisations and six industry groups. Federated Farmers lobbies on farming issues both nationally and within each region. Membership of the organisation is voluntary, and at 2021 it has over 13,000 members.
Sulfurous acid
Sulfurous acid (United Kingdom spelling: sulphurous acid) is the chemical compound with the formula H2SO3.

Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO2 molecule and the bisulfite ion, HSO−3. The intensities of the signals are consistent with the following equilibrium:

17O NMR spectroscopy provided evidence that solutions of sulfurous acid and protonated sulfites contain a mixture of isomers, which is in equilibrium:

Attempts to concentrate the solutions of sulfurous acid simply reverse the equilibrium, producing sulfur dioxide and water vapor. A clathrate  with the formula 4SO2·23H2O has been crystallised. It decomposes above 7 °C.

Bisulfite
The bisulfite ion (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogensulfite) is the ion HSO−3.  Salts containing the HSO−3 ion are also known as "sulfite lyes". Sodium bisulfite is used interchangeably with sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5). Sodium metabisulfite dissolves in water to give a solution of Na+HSO−3.

Na2S2O5  +  H2O  →  2 Na[HSO3]
Dunukofia
Dunukofia listenⓘ is a Local Government Area in Anambra State, South-East Nigeria. , Towns that make up the local government are Ukpo, the headquarters; Ifitedunu, Dunukofia Umunnachi, Umudioka, Ukwulu and Nawgu. It shares boundaries with Awka North, Idemili North, Njikoka and Oyi Local Governments. Dunukofia falls under the Anambra Central senatorial district in Anambra State.

The population is predominantly agrarian, but major in-roads have been made in commerce and education.  Population density here is among the highest in all of Nigeria. There are general hospitals at Ifitedunu and Ukpo. There are also a dozen high schools for boys and girls. Dunukofia is among the most accessible local governments in Anambra State, with federal and state roads crossing it at different points. St Mary's High School Ifitedunu is categorised as one of the oldest post-primary schools in Anambra State. As at the 2006 census, this LGA has a total population of 96,517 people.

Umunnachi
Umunnachi Listenⓘ is a town in Dunukofia, Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria which is made up of five villages: Ozzuh, Mgbuke, Umueze, Nkwelle and Nagbana. It shares boundaries with neighboring towns as follows: Ogidi, Umudioka, Eziowelle and Ifitedunu.

Umunnachi is one of the six towns that make up the ancient Dunukofia clan from which the local government was created.

Igwe Felix Onochie was nominated by the people of Umunnachi to be the first Traditional Ruler of the town with the title of Nnachi 1. His coronation as the King of Umunnachi took place at Ana-Nnachi on 23 December 1977. "The coronation rites were performed by the Kingmakers - Umuezeajana family, led by Ogbuefi Nwabueze Ezenwobi Emecheta'. The first Ofala Festival took place on 24 December 1977. Igwe Felix Onochie died on November 5, 2016 at the age of 90.

The next igwe after the death of onochie
Ghajar
Ghajar (Arabic: غجر, Hebrew: ע'ג'ר or רג'ר‎), also Rhadjar, is an Alawite-Arab village on the Hasbani River, on the border between Lebanon and the Israeli-occupied portion of the Golan Heights. The name of the village means "gypsy" in Arabic. As of 2023, it had a population of 2,700, most of whom consider themselves Syrian but have Israeli ID cards. The Blue Line divides Ghajar between Lebanon and the Golan Heights, although Israel has occupied the entire village since 2006. Israel considers it a part of its Northern District, in which its southern part is organized as a local council in the Golan Subdistrict.

Golan Subdistrict
The Golan Subdistrict is an area administered by Israel as a subdistrict of the Northern District. The subdistrict encompasses the Golan Heights, occupied by Israel from Syria since the 1967 Six-Day War and annexed under the Golan Heights Law. The region is internationally recognized to encompass Syria's Quneitra Governorate, which itself is composed of two districts and five subdistricts.
Fairmount, Georgia
Fairmount is a city in Gordon County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fairmount had a population of 772. Gordon County is home to New Echota, which was once the Cherokee Nation's capital. It was the origin of the Cherokee written language and newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix.

The city is located near the southern end of the Blue Ridge Mountains and Chattahoochee National Forest.

Gordon County, Georgia
Gordon County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 57,544. The county seat is Calhoun. Gordon County comprises the Calhoun, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA.
Peter MacNeill
Peter MacNeill is a Canadian film and television actor and voice-over artist who has starred in numerous television series and films.

His film credits have included The Hanging Garden (for which MacNeill won a Genie Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1997), Geraldine's Fortune, Crash, Dog Park, Open Range, A History of Violence, and Regression.

On television, he has had roles in Queer as Folk (as Carl Horvath), Katts and Dog (as Sgt. Callahan), Traders (as Frank Larkin), The Eleventh Hour (as Warren Donohue), PSI Factor: Chronicles of the Paranormal (as Ray Donahue) Call Me Fitz (as Ken Fitzpatrick), and The Good Witch series (as George O'Hanrahan). He is a two-time Gemini Award winner.

In January 2023, he was named the winner of the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television's Earle Grey Award for lifetime achievement in acting at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards.

Regression (film)
Regression is a 2015 American-Canadian psychological thriller mystery film directed and written by Alejandro Amenábar. The film stars Ethan Hawke and Emma Watson, with David Thewlis, Lothaire Bluteau, Dale Dickey, David Dencik, Peter MacNeill, Devon Bostick, and Aaron Ashmore in supporting roles.

The film had its world premiere at the San Sebastián International Film Festival on September 18, 2015. It was released in the United States on October 9, 2015, by The Weinstein Company under the banner RADiUS-TWC. The film received mostly negative reviews from critics.
Without Limits
Without Limits is a 1998 American biographical sports film. It is  written and directed by Robert Towne and follows the relationship between record-breaking distance runner Steve Prefontaine and his coach Bill Bowerman, who later co-founded Nike, Inc. Billy Crudup plays Prefontaine and Donald Sutherland plays Bowerman. It also stars Monica Potter, Jeremy Sisto, Judith Ivey, Matthew Lillard and William Mapother.

The film was produced by Tom Cruise (Cruise and Mapother are cousins) and Paula Wagner, and released and distributed by Warner Bros. Due to a very low-key promotional campaign, the $25 million film grossed only $777,000 at the box office, even though it received positive reviews from many major critics. Sutherland received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the film.

Paula Wagner
Paula Kauffman Wagner (born Paula Sue Kauffman, December 12, 1946) is an American film producer and studio executive. Her most recent credits include the film Marshall starring Chadwick Boseman, Kate Hudson, Sterling K. Brown, and Josh Gad as well as the Broadway, West End, and US Tour productions of Pretty Woman: The Musical.
Pat Barrett (musician)
Patrick Barrett is an American Christian worship singer, and songwriter. He is a former member of American contemporary worship bands Unhindered and Housefires.

In 2018, Barrett signed a record deal with Bowyer & Bow, launching his solo career with the release of his eponymous debut studio album, containing the singles "The Way (New Horizon)", "Build My Life" and "Better", which debuted at number 22 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart in the United States. Barrett was nominated for the GMA Dove Award for New Artist of the Year at the 2018 GMA Dove Awards, while "Build My Life" received two nominations for the GMA Dove Award for Worship Song of the Year and Worship Recorded Song of the Year at the 2019 GMA Dove Awards.

In 2021, Barrett released his second studio album, Act Justly, Love Mercy, Walk Humbly, which debuted at number 30 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart.

49th GMA Dove Awards
The 49th Annual GMA Dove Awards presentation ceremony were held on Tuesday, October 16, 2018 at the Allen Arena located in Nashville, Tennessee. The ceremony recognized the accomplishments of musicians and other figures within the Christian music industry for the year 2018. The ceremony was produced by the Trinity Broadcasting Network. The awards show aired on the Trinity Broadcasting Network on Sunday, October 21, 2018 at 8 p.m. CT.

On August 8, 2018, the Gospel Music Association announced with Francesca Battistelli and Travis Greene on Facebook Live, the nominees for the 49th Annual GMA Dove Awards, themed Reverent Wonder. Going into the awards, producer and songwriter Colby Wedgeworth had the most nominations with eight, with Tauren Wells leading the artist nominations with seven nominations. The big winners of the night were Tauren Wells with four awards, with Cory Asbury and Colby Wedgeworth receiving three awards each.
For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.

2U (company)
2U is an American educational technology company that contracts with non-profit colleges and universities to build, deliver, and support online degree and non-degree programs. 2U is the parent company of edX.