hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kosel, North Macedonia
Kosel (Macedonian: Косел) is a village in the municipality of Ohrid, North Macedonia.

The village is known for its proximity to the extinct volcano Duvalo, which gives the village and its surroundings a permanent sulfuric scent.

The population of Kosel Municipality, which merged with Ohrid Municipality in 2002, was 1,369.

Duvalo
Duvalo (Macedonian: Дувало) is an active geothermal surface feature situated close to the village of Kosel, near Lake Ohrid in the southwest of North Macedonia. Located at 740 metres above the sea level, it resembles a miniature crater with a diameter of 50 metres and a depth of 30 metres. Gaseous carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are released from the hole (therefore making it both a fumarole and a mofetta), and the smell of sulfur is said to be felt in a 3 kilometre radius around it. It represents the last traces of the historically significant volcanic activity in the area. During the Ottoman Empire it was used to mine sulfur.

On 28 May 2014 "significant amount of smoke" was emitted by the feature, a historic first.
Beyond the Wall (album)
Beyond the Wall is the twelfth studio album by Kenny Garrett released on August 29, 2006, by Nonesuch Records. Among the musicians on the album are tenor saxophonist Pharoah Sanders, vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson, pianist Mulgrew Miller, and drummer Brian Blade.

For Garrett, Beyond the Wall is a continuation of his fascination with and study of Asian cultures and philosophies. On Beyond the Wall, Garrett mixed Chinese instrumentation with Western strings, creating an amalgam of musical styles, which hang together effortlessly. Some of the tracks on Beyond the Wall relate specifically to his travels.

Kenny Garrett
Kenny Garrett (born October 9, 1960) is an American post-bop jazz musician and composer who gained recognition in his youth as a member of the Duke Ellington Orchestra and for his time with Miles Davis's band. Garrett's primary instruments are alto and soprano saxophone and flute. Since 1985, he has pursued a solo career.
Ganymede Abducted by the Eagle
Ganymede Abducted by the Eagle (c. 1531–1532) is a painting by the Italian late Renaissance artist Antonio da Correggio. It is housed in the Kunsthistorisches Museum,  Vienna, Austria.

The work was part of a series executed by Correggio for Federico II Gonzaga in Mantua, about the loves of Jupiter. The painting depicts Ganymede.

Antonio da Correggio
Antonio Allegri da Correggio (August 1489 – 5 March 1534), usually known as just Correggio (/kəˈrɛdʒioʊ/, also UK: /kɒˈ-/, US: /-dʒoʊ/, Italian: [korˈreddʒo]), was an Italian Renaissance painter who was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the sixteenth century. In his use of dynamic composition, illusionistic perspective and dramatic foreshortening, Correggio prefigured the Baroque art of the seventeenth century and the Rococo art of the eighteenth century. He is considered a master of chiaroscuro.
Legend of the Eight Immortals
Legend of the Eight Immortals is a Singaporean television series based on stories about the Eight Immortals in Chinese mythology and adapted from the 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the East (东游记) by Wu Yuantai (吴元泰). Produced by the Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS; now MediaCorp) in collaboration with two mainland Chinese companies, the series had cast members from Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and mainland China. It was first aired in Singapore on TCS Channel 8 from 26 November 1998 to 6 January 1999.

Lan Caihe
Lan Caihe (Chinese: 藍采和; pinyin: Lán Cǎihé; Wade–Giles: Lan Ts'ai-ho) is a Chinese mythological figure, and one of the Eight Immortals in the Taoist pantheon. Lan's presence in this group makes Lan one of the more familiar of the hundreds of other Taoist immortals. Lan Caihe is the only one of the Eight Immortals whose gender is ambiguous. Lan is not generally thought to be based on a historical person, but is traditionally said to have been born sometime during the Tang dynasty (618 to 907 CE), and lived as a homeless street entertainer, who wandered all over China, singing philosophical songs. Stories vary about how Lan attained immortality and became one of the Eight Immortals. Lan's emblem is a basket of flowers, and so this immortal is considered the patron of florists and gardeners.
China at War
China at War: Triumph and Tragedy in the Emergence of the New China 1937–1952 is a 2017 non-fiction book by Hans van de Ven, published in the United Kingdom by Profile Books and in the United States in 2018 by Harvard University Press. It discusses the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Korean War. The American version of the title omits the years and is as China at War: Triumph and Tragedy in the Emergence of the New China.

Daqing Yang of George Washington University stated that the book "places China’s experience of warfare in world historical terms" in addition to "[emphasizing] warfare as a central theme".

Hans van de Ven
Johan 'Hans' van de Ven FBA (born 10 January 1958 in Velsen, Netherlands) is a Dutch historian, sinologist, and an authority on the history of 19th and 20th century China. He holds several positions at the University of Cambridge, where he is Professor of Modern Chinese History,  Director in Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at St Catharine's College and previously served as Chair of the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies.
Sard's theorem
In mathematics, Sard's theorem, also known as Sard's lemma or the Morse–Sard theorem, is a result in mathematical analysis that asserts that the set of critical values (that is, the image of the set of critical points) of a smooth function f from one Euclidean space or manifold to another is a null set, i.e., it has Lebesgue measure 0. This makes the set of critical values "small" in the sense of a generic property. The theorem is named for Anthony Morse and Arthur Sard.

Null set
In mathematical analysis, a null set is a Lebesgue measurable set of real numbers that has measure zero.  This can be characterized as a set that can be covered by a countable union of intervals of arbitrarily small total length.

A null set is not to be confused with the empty set as defined in set theory. Although the empty set has Lebesgue measure zero, there are also non-empty sets which are null.  For example, any non-empty countable set of real numbers has Lebesgue measure zero and therefore is null.

More generally, on a given measure space  a null set is a set  such that
Cottondale, Florida
Cottondale is a city in Jackson County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Florida Panhandle and North Florida. The population was 848 at the 2020 census, down from 933 at the 2010 census.

The City of Cottondale was one of several Florida Panhandle communities devastated by Hurricane Michael in 2018.

Jackson County, Florida
Jackson County is a county located in the "Panhandle" of the U.S. state of Florida, on its northwestern border with Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,319. Its county seat is Marianna.
Lord Arthur Savile's Crime (play)
Lord Arthur Savile's Crime is a 1952 comedy thriller play by the British writer Constance Cox, based on the short story Lord Arthur Savile's Crime by Oscar Wilde. After a palm reader convinces him it is his destiny to commit murder before he can marry his fiancée, an aristocrat makes several inept attempts to kill people.

It premiered at the Theatre Royal in Aldershot before transferring to the Court Theatre in London where it ran for 21 performances. The play was directed by Jack Hulbert and starred his younger brother Claude Hulbert in the title role, along with Peter Haddon and Jean Lodge.

In 1960, Gerald Savory adapted Cox's play into an episode of the Armchair Theatre anthology series on the ITV network in the UK.

Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories
Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories is a collection of short semi-comic mystery stories that were written by Oscar Wilde and published in 1891. It includes:

"Lord Arthur Savile's Crime"

"The Canterville Ghost"

"The Sphinx Without a Secret"

"The Model Millionaire"

In later editions, another story, "The Portrait of Mr. W. H.", was added to the collection.
Kingsland, Arkansas
Kingsland, officially the City of Kingsland, is a small city in Cleveland County, south central Arkansas, United States. It is included in the Pine Bluff, Arkansas micropolitan statistical area, and had a population of 347 as of the 2020 census. It is known as the birthplace of musician Johnny Cash. His parents had a cotton farm there.

Cleveland County, Arkansas
Cleveland County (formerly known as Dorsey County) is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its population was 7,550 at the 2020 U.S. census. The county seat and largest city is Rison. Cleveland County is included in the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area. Cleveland County is 598 sq. miles, and ranks 57th of Arkansas's 75 counties in terms of size.
Budu language (China)
Budu (Chinese: 布都) is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Budu is spoken in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Zhenyuan Yi, Hani and Lahu Autonomous County, and Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County.

Many Budu born after c. 1970 are unable to speak the language.

Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County
Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 江城哈尼族彝族自治县; traditional Chinese: 江城哈尼族彝族自治縣; pinyin: Jiāngchéng Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìxiàn; Hani: Jalceiq Haqniqssaq Haqhholssaq Ziiqziifxeif) is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City, in southern Yunnan, China, bordering Laos to the south and Vietnam to the southeast. It is one of the two counties in the province to border more than one country, the other being Mengla County which borders Laos and Myanmar. By road, its seat, the town of Menglie (勐烈镇), is 520 km (320 mi) from Kunming and 145 km (90 mi) from Simao District, the municipal seat of Pu'er.
Akatsuka Award
The Akatsuka Award (赤塚賞, Akatsuka Shō) is the name of a semi-annual award for gag manga by the Japanese publisher Shueisha.

The award has been given since 1974 and it aims to reward new manga artists in the comedy manga category. Its counterpart award, Tezuka Award, awards new manga artists in the Story Manga category. The award was named after Fujio Akatsuka, one of the most successful comedy mangaka. Notable entrants and winners include Kyosuke Usuta Kousuke Masuda Shuichi Aso Takeshi Okano, Kazumata Oguri, Mitsutoshi Shimabukuro, Norihiro Yagi and Yusuke Murata.

In 2019, the 91st Akatsuka Award was held. This marked the first time that a winner was selected for the award in 29 years.

Fujio Akatsuka
Fujio Akatsuka (赤塚 藤雄, also known as 赤塚 不二夫, Akatsuka Fujio; September 14, 1935 – August 2, 2008) was a Japanese manga artist. Known as the "King of Gag Manga" (ギャグ漫画の王様 (Gag Manga no Ousama), he created many popular manga such as Osomatsu-kun, Himitsu no Akko-chan, and Tensai Bakabon.
Down to Nothing
Down to Nothing (or DTN) was a straight edge hardcore punk band from Richmond, Virginia. Since their inception in 2000, the band has toured all over the world. Their most recent studio recording is the 2013 LP Life on the James on Revelation Records, preceded by CD/vinyl EP titled All My Sons released in 2010 on Reaper Records (US) and Dead Souls Records (AUS). Down to Nothing's first two albums, Save It for the Birds and Splitting Headache, are currently out of print but were re-released in February 2008 on one CD/LP titled Unbreakable. In 2009 singer David Wood joined Terror as bassist and backing vocals, this tenure would last until 2017. Since their appearance in 2019 at the Have Heart reunion shows at the Worcester Palladium, the band has been inactive.

Members of Down to Nothing have also played in Terror and Trapped Under Ice.

Revelation Records
Revelation Records is an independent record label focusing originally and primarily on hardcore punk. The label is known for releases by bands such as Youth of Today, Warzone, Sick of It All, Quicksand, Side By Side, Chain of Strength, Shelter, Judge, No for an Answer, Gorilla Biscuits, and End of a Year.

Revelation, along with the bands it put out in the late 1980s, is usually credited with creating and cementing the "youth crew" sound as well as New York hardcore, which bridged the gap from the earlier bands of almost a decade before and helped carry the music through the early 1990s. Some of the label's best selling releases have been Gorilla Biscuits' Start Today, Inside Out's No Spiritual Surrender, and the In-Flight Program compilation.
Sophie Swetchine
Anne Sophie Swetchine (Russian: Софья Петровна Свечина, romanized: Sofya Petrovna Svechina; née Soymonova; 22 November 1782 – 10 September 1857), known as Madame Swetchine, was a Russian mystic, born in Moscow, and famous for her salon in Paris.

Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people held by a host. These gatherings often consciously followed Horace's definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" (Latin: aut delectare aut prodesse). Salons in the tradition of the French literary and philosophical movements of the 17th and 18th centuries are still being conducted.
Eugénie D'Hannetaire
Marie-Louis-Philippine-Eugénie Servandoni (6 January 1746, Brussels - 22 February 1816, Paris), stage name Eugénie D'Hannetaire, was a French actress.

She was the daughter of the actor-director D'Hannetaire and the actress Marguerite Huet (stage name Mlle Eugénie).  She made her debut at the Théâtre de la Monnaie aged 8, in child roles, then from 15 as a dancer. She is reported to have succeeded her mother in her roles as a soubrette. She left Brussels in 1773 and in Lyon married the comic-actor Larive, from whom she divorced 20 years later.  Prince Charles-Joseph de Ligne vowed her his boundless admiration and dedicated his Lettres à Eugénie sur les spectacles (1774) to her.

Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne
Charles-Joseph Lamoral, 7th Prince de Ligne in French; in German Karl-Joseph Lamoral 7. Fürst von Ligne (also known as Karl Fürst von Ligne or Fürst de Ligne): (23 May 1735 – 13 December 1814) was a field marshal, inhaber of an infantry regiment, prolific writer, intellectual, member of the princely family of Ligne. He fought as a field officer during several famous battles during the Seven Years' War and briefly returned to military duty in the War of the Bavarian Succession. He performed an important diplomatic mission to Catherine the Great in 1787 and led troops against the Turks at Belgrade in 1789. Beginning in the 1770s, he authored an impressive volume of work. After his estates in the Austrian Netherlands were lost to France during the War of the First Coalition, he lived in Vienna. All three of his sons died before him, but his wife and four daughters all outlived him. His grandson, the 8th Prince, became a Belgian statesman.
Hangu District, Pakistan
Hangu District (Pashto: هنګو ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع ہنگو) is a district within the Kohat Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is located close to the Pak-Afghan border with the Khost Province, Afghanistan. The district takes its name from the town of Hangu, which is its administrative centre. The name Hangu may also sometimes be applied to the Miranzai Valley which is partly within the district, bordering the Samana Range.

Hangu, Pakistan
Hangu (Pashto: هنګو, Urdu: ہنگو) is a city in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the largest city and namesake of Hangu District and the third-largest city in Kohat Division, after Karak and Kohat. In 1998, Hangu was the second-largest city in the division. Hangu is the 27th most populous city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The principal language of the city is Pashto.
Zante currant
Zante currants, Corinth raisins, Corinthian raisins or simply currants, are raisins of the small, sweet, seedless grape cultivar Black Corinth (Vitis vinifera). The name comes from the Anglo-French phrase "raisins de Corinthe" (grapes of Corinth) and the Ionian island of Zakynthos (Zante), which was once the major producer and exporter. It is not related to black, red or white currants, which are berries of shrubs in the genus Ribes and not usually prepared in dried form.

White currant
The white currant or whitecurrant is a group of cultivars of the red currant (Ribes rubrum), a species of flowering plant in the family Grossulariaceae, native to Europe.

It is sometimes mislabelled as Ribes glandulosum, called the "skunk currant" in the United States.
Juked
Juked is an American literary magazine established in 1999 by J. W. Wang (Los Angeles). Print editions have been published yearly since 2003. Notable contributors include Blake Butler, Tao Lin, Jared Hegwood, Karin Lewicki, Woody Evans, Stephen Graham Jones, Kim Chinquee, Ashley Farmer, Jackson Bliss, Claudia Smith, and others. "Moment" is a photo-essay feature of Juked.

Karin Lewicki
Karin Lewicki is an internationally noted American writer. She started in television as Winnie Holzman's assistant on Once and Again, and has a screenplay on The Black List, Haley Means Unplugged.

Her credits include Dawson's Creek and Cold Case, and she was one of the early contributors to the literary magazine Juked. She attended Harvard University, and lives in Los Angeles, California. Her academic work focuses on psychiatry and motherhood.
Mula sa Puso
Mula sa Puso (international title: From the Heart) is a Philippine television drama action romance series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Wenn Deramas, Ruel S. Bayani and Khryss Adalia, starring Claudine Barretto, Rico Yan and Diether Ocampo. It aired on the network's evening line up from March 10, 1997 to April 9, 1999, replacing Maria Mercedes and was replaced by Saan Ka Man Naroroon.

A 2011 remake, starring Lauren Young, JM de Guzman and Enrique Gil, aired on ABS-CBN in 2011.

The series was streaming on YouTube.

Lauren Young
Lauren Anne Talde Young (born November 8, 1993) is a Filipino and American  actress, singer, and model. She is the younger sister of actress and Miss World 2013 Megan Young. She is currently an exclusive artist of GMA Network.
European Club Challenge
The European Club Challenge is a single match wheelchair rugby league competition played between the previous season's British Super League and French Elite 1 champions. The competition was established in 2023 and is similar in concept to the World Club Challenge in the running game.

The competition was originally proposed in 2011. In 2015, a European Cup competition took place between Catalans Dragons and Leyland Warriors. It was played over two legs with both being won by the French team; 40–30 in England and 54–20 in France.

Catalans Dragons are the most successful club in the competition, winning two out of two titles, one shared and one outright.

Wheelchair rugby league
Wheelchair rugby league is a wheelchair-based version of rugby league football, one of two recognised disability versions of the sport. It was developed in France in 2000. Unlike other wheelchair sports, people without disabilities are allowed to compete in top-level competition.
ROV SuBastian
The ROV SuBastian is a remotely operated underwater vehicle owned and operated by the Schmidt Ocean Institute from its research vessel RV Falkor (too) for scientific exploration of the deep sea. It can reach depths up to 4,500m (2.8 miles). The tethered robot has an array of scientific capability which includes:

Deploying and recovering scientific equipment

Photomosaicing

Sample collection

Seawater characterization

Seafloor mapping

4k High-resolution video

ROV SuBastian is an adaptable system and additional sensors and scientific instruments can be mounted onto the ROV based on a science party’s specific research goals.

Schmidt Ocean Institute
Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit operating foundation established in March 2009 by Eric Schmidt and Wendy Schmidt. The Institute's goal is to advance innovative oceanographic research and discovery through technological advancement, collaborative research, outreach and education, and open sharing of information. SOI supports oceanographic research by providing collaborators with free ship time aboard their research vessel RV Falkor (too) and expert technical shipboard support. Collaborating researchers and institutions utilizing Falkor commit to openly share and communicate the outcomes of their research, including raw observations and data. Research proposals are reviewed through a peer-reviewed process and assessed based on their potential for technological innovation, oceanographic research, and overall impact. Since its inception in 2009, SOI has supported over 60 expeditions all around the globe.
Long Live (Florida Georgia Line song)
"Long Live" is a song recorded by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line. It was released on September 10, 2020 as the second single from their fifth studio album Life Rolls On. It was written by the duo's members Tyler Hubbard and Brian Kelley, along with David Garcia, Corey Crowder and Josh Miller.

Tyler Hubbard
Tyler Reed Hubbard (born January 31, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter, and musician, best known as a member of the country music duo Florida Georgia Line. After that duo went on hiatus in 2021, Hubbard began recording as a solo artist on EMI Nashville. His first solo chart entry was a guest vocalist on Tim McGraw's "Undivided", followed by his first solo single "5 Foot 9", which topped the Billboard Country Airplay charts in 2022. He released his self-titled debut album in 2023.
Royal Commission on Fuel and Engines
The British Royal Commission on Fuel and Engines was established in the United Kingdom on 31 July 1912, and its remit was "[t]o report on the means of supply and storage of Liquid Fuel in peace and war, and its application to warship engines, whether indirectly or by internal combustion." Established by Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty from 1911 to 1915, its commissioners were John Fisher, George Lambert, Thomas Boverton Redwood, Philip Watts, Henry John Oram, John Jellicoe, William Matthews, Thomas Henry Holland, Thomas Edward Thorpe, Alexander Gracie, Humphrey Owen Jones and Alfred Yarrow.

Thomas Edward Thorpe
Sir Thomas Edward Thorpe CB, FRS HFRSE LLD (8 December 1845 – 23 February 1925) was a British chemist. From 1894 to 1909, he was Chief Chemist to the British Government, as Director of the Government Laboratory.
William Cooper (priest)
Canon William Henry Cooper (c. 1835 - 13 April 1909) was an Anglo-Irish priest of the Church of England who served as a missionary in Australia and New Zealand and Canada. He founded St Luke's Hospital for the Clergy in London and the College of St. Barnabas in Lingfield, Surrey.

St Luke's Hospital for the Clergy
St Luke's Hospital for the Clergy now called St Luke's for Clergy Wellbeing is a charity founded in 1892 to support sick members of the Anglican clergy and which originally owned a hospital in Fitzroy Square, London. In 2009 the building was sold (it is now a private hospital); the charity was renamed St Luke's Healthcare for the Clergy the following year. In 2022 it was renamed as St Luke's for Clergy Wellbeing and the focus is now on mental health and wellbeing.