hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sakharov Gardens
Sakharov Gardens (Hebrew: גינות סחרוב, Ginot Sakharov) is a busy intersection on the highway from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, located close to the main entry point to Jerusalem from the West. It is named after the Soviet physicist and human rights activist Andrei Sakharov.

Due to the frequent traffic congestion at the intersection, a project to upgrade it started in 2019. It was reopened as an interchange in 2021.

Andrei Sakharov
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (Russian: Андрей Дмитриевич Сахаров; 21 May 1921 – 14 December 1989) was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world.

Although he spent his career in physics in the Soviet program of nuclear weapons, overseeing the development of thermonuclear weapons, Sakharov also did fundamental work in understanding particle physics, magnetism, and physical cosmology. Sakharov is mostly known for his political activism for individual freedom, human rights, civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union, for which he was deemed a dissident and faced persecution from the Soviet establishment.

In his memory, the Sakharov Prize was established and is awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms.
Southern bog lemming
The southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi) is a small North American lemming. Its range overlaps with the other species in genus Synaptomys, the northern bog lemming, in southeastern Canada, but extends farther south.

Lemming
A lemming is a small rodent, usually found in or near the Arctic in tundra biomes. Lemmings form the subfamily Arvicolinae (also known as Microtinae) together with voles and muskrats, which form part of the superfamily Muroidea, which also includes rats, mice, hamsters and gerbils. A longstanding myth claims that they exhibit herd mentality and jump off cliffs, committing mass suicide.
Chakan, Pune
Chakan (Pronunciation: [t͡saːkəɳ]) is a city and municipal council in Pune district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The Chakan is also part of Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority. Chakan is one of the largest automobile and manufacturing hub of India. Being developed as a hub for manufacturing and logistics by MIDC, Chakan is home to some of the biggest names in automobile manufacturing: Volkswagen, Bajaj Auto, Mercedes Benz Hyundai, and more. Chakan is often referred to as the "Automobile Hub of India". The Independent referred Chakan as India's "Motor City". The city is about 30 km from the city of Pune and 140 km from Mumbai.

Pune district
Pune district (Marathi pronunciation: [puɳeː]) is a district in Western Maharashtra with Administrative Headquarters in Pune city. Pune district is the most populous district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is one of the most industrialized districts in India.
On the Radio (Donna Summer song)
"On the Radio" is a song by American singer-songwriter Donna Summer, produced by Italian musician Giorgio Moroder, and released in late 1979 on the Casablanca record label. It was written for the soundtrack to the film Foxes and included on Summer's first international compilation album On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II.

On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II
On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II is the first greatest hits album by American singer Donna Summer, released on October 15, 1979.

The album was her fourth consecutive double album, and also made her the first person to take three consecutive double albums to the number one spot on the U.S. album chart.

This would become Summer's third multi-platinum album to date.
Broome County Alms House
The Broome County Alms House, was located in the town of Dickinson, three miles north of Binghamton in Broome county, New York. The red brick building operated as a shelter for the poor, take care of the sick, disabled, mentally unwell, widowed, and orphaned persons in the community until c. 1960. The goal of the almshouse was to both help break the cycle of poverty and to care for members of the community who had no means of caring take of themselves. The building was demolished on February 5, 2010.

Dickinson, Broome County, New York
Dickinson is a town in Broome County, New York, United States. The population was 5,083 at the 2020 census. The town was named after Daniel S. Dickinson.

The town is adjacent to Binghamton and forms a suburb to that city.
Quitman School District
The Quitman School District is a public school district based in Quitman, Mississippi (USA).

In addition to Quitman, the district serves the towns of Pachuta, Shubuta, and Stonewall as well as the census-designated place of De Soto and most rural areas in Clarke County.

Shubuta, Mississippi
Shubuta is a town in Clarke County, Mississippi, United States, which is located on the eastern border of the state. As of the 2020 census, Shubuta had a population of 406. Developed around an early 19th-century trading post on the Chickasawhay River, it was built near a Choctaw town. Shubuta is a Choctaw word meaning "smokey water".
Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025
Albania was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "Zjerm", written by Beatriçe Gjergji, Kolë Laca, and Lekë Gjeloshi, and performed by Gjergji and Laca as Shkodra Elektronike. The Albanian participating broadcaster, Radio Televizioni Shqiptar (RTSH), selected its entry through its traditional national selection competition.  Festivali i Këngës.

Albania was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 13 May 2025 and was later selected to perform in position 12. At the end of the show, " Zjerm" was announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and hence qualified to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Albania placed second out of the fifteen participating countries in the semi-final with 122 points. In the final, Albania closed the show in position 26 and placed eighth out of the 26 participating, scoring a total of 218 points. This marked Albania's highest point total since its debut.

Zjerm (song)
"Zjerm" (Gheg Albanian pronunciation: [zjeɾm]; lit. 'Fire') is a song by Albanian duo Shkodra Elektronike. It was written by Beatriçe Gjergji, Kolë Laca, and Lekë Gjeloshi, with production handled by Laca, as the lead single from the duo's extended play (EP) Shndrit!. The song represented Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 and entered the charts in Sweden, Greece, Lithuania and Switzerland.
Karol Adwentowicz
Karol Adwentowicz (19 October 1871 – 19 July 1958) was a Polish actor and theater director. Adwentowicz fought in the Polish Legions in World War I, and upon the return of Poland's sovereignty, embarked on a hugely successful touring career across the country. During the Nazi occupation of Poland he was imprisoned in Pawiak. He died in Warsaw, two years after the Polish October.

Adwentowicz directed plays and performed in several theaters both before and during the war, including at the Słowacki Theatre in Kraków in 1912 commissioned by Ludwik Solski. In the interwar Poland he ran the experimental Ateneum Theatre in Warsaw along with Stefan Jaracz (1933–34 season), but also founded the Teatr Kameralny in the city. Adwentowicz was one of the most recognized dramatic actors in contemporary Poland, particularly for his role as Hamlet.

Ateneum Theatre
The Ateneum Theatre in Warsaw (Polish: Teatr Ateneum im. Stefana Jaracza w Warszawie) is a Polish dramatic theatre founded in 1928. It resides in a building erected a year earlier in the interwar Poland as headquarters for the Professional Union of PKP Railway Workers with offices upstairs. After World War II, the severely damaged structure was restored to its former glory with public funds. The state-run theatre reopened in 1951; named after its first and already famous prewar director Stefan Jaracz.
New York Anti-Saloon League
The New York Anti-Saloon League was an American organization that worked toward the prohibition of alcohol and the closing of saloons. Located at 156 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, it was an offshoot of the Ohio-based Anti-Saloon League. Adna W. Leonard of Buffalo, New York was its president. The superintendent of the group was William Hamilton Anderson, of who said of prohibition: "Be a good sport about it. No more falling off the water wagon. Uncle Sam will help you keep your pledge."

William Hamilton Anderson
William Hamilton Anderson (1874 – c. 1959) was the superintendent of the New York Anti-Saloon League. He worked toward the prohibition of alcohol and the closing of saloons. In 1924 a jury convicted him of skimming contributions to the league.
Hungama (2003 film)
Hungama (transl. Mayhem) is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language comedy film co-written and directed by Priyadarshan and produced by Venus Records & Tapes. The film stars Akshaye Khanna, Aftab Shivdasani, Rimi Sen, and Paresh Rawal while Shakti Kapoor, Rajpal Yadav, Tiku Talsania, and Shoma Anand appear in supporting roles. It is a remake of Priyadarshan's own 1984 Malayalam film Poochakkoru Mookkuthi,. The film was released on 1 August 2003 and was a commercial success.

Shoma Anand
Shoma Anand is an Indian film and television actress. She started her career opposite Rishi Kapoor in Pramod Chakraborty's romantic-crime movie Barood, then played a role in Patita, produced and directed by the same person. She had a few other films in which she was the lead, such as Jagir and Coolie in the 1980s. From the late 1990s to present, she has played supporting roles in films like Coolie, Hungama, Kyaa Kool Hai Hum and Kal Ho Naa Ho.

She also acted in television series like Bhabhi, sitcom Hum Paanch and Shararat. She has also worked in Punjabi movies over the years.

She was married to actor Tariq Shah and they have a daughter, Sarah.
Great Bookham
Great Bookham is a village in the Mole Valley district, in Surrey, England, one of six semi-urban spring line settlements between the towns of Leatherhead and Guildford. With the narrow strip parish of Little Bookham, it forms part of the Saxon settlement of Bocham ("the village by the beeches"). The Bookhams are surrounded by common land, and Bookham railway station in Church Road, Great Bookham, serves both settlements.

The villages are astride the A246, which is the direct route between the two towns. Once two distinct villages, the Bookhams have long been interconnected with residential roads which give the impression of one large village.

On the southern edge of the village is Polesden Lacey, a country house surrounded by more than 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) of grounds. It is owned by the National Trust and open to the public.

Bookham railway station
Bookham railway station is in the village of Great Bookham in Surrey, England.  It also serves the adjacent village of Little Bookham.  It is 20 miles 45 chains (33.1 km) down the line from London Waterloo.

The station is managed by South Western Railway, which operates all train services.
Greta Gynt
Greta Gynt (born Margrethe Woxholt; 15 November 1916 – 2 April 2000) was a Norwegian dancer and actress. She is remembered for her starring roles in the British classic films The Dark Eyes of London, Mr. Emmanuel, Take My Life, Dear Murderer and The Ringer.

She played lead roles in minor British films in the 1930s and early 40s, and by the late 40s she appeared in major films. The Rank Organisation tried to market her as the British Jean Harlow. She also attempted a career in the US, starring in MGM's Soldiers Three (1951) before returning to Britain.

Her most famous films are the 1939 Bela Lugosi film The Dark Eyes of London as the tough heroine, heroic as an underground leader in Tomorrow We Live (1943), touching as Jewish Elsie Silver in Mr. Emmanuel (1944), forceful as loyal wife proving her husband's innocence in the thriller Take My Life, a promiscuous murderess in Dear Murderer, both in 1947, and as a nightclub singer singing "The Shady Lady Spiv" in Easy Money (1948).

The Ringer (1952 film)
The Ringer is a 1952 British mystery film directed by Guy Hamilton and starring Herbert Lom, Donald Wolfit, Mai Zetterling, Greta Gynt, William Hartnell, and Denholm Elliott. The screenplay was by Lesley Storm and Val Valentine. It was Hamilton's directorial debut and the third English-language sound version of Edgar Wallace's 1929 play based on his 1925 novel The Gaunt Stranger. The previous adaptations were in 1928 (silent), 1931, 1932 (Germany-Austria), and 1938.
Kuwait Federation Cup
The Kuwaiti Federation Cup (Arabic: كأس الاتحاد الكويتي) was a competition organised by the Kuwait Football Association.

The first edition of the Federation Cup was played in the 1969–70 season, although not much is known about the competition in the early years. The competition is for senior teams playing in the top tier Kuwait Premier League, although the 2015–16 edition saw the second-division Burgan enter.

The cup competition is predominantly played during international breaks  (group stage) and after league match days. the tournament was abolished at the end of 2015–16 season, but returned in 2017–18.

Kuwait Football Association
The Kuwait Football Association (Arabic: الإتحاد الكويتي لكرة القدم) is the governing body of association football in Kuwait.

Kuwait has thrice been suspended by FIFA for political interference since 2007 and were allowed to participate in the 2011 Asian Cup qualifying campaign and other international competitions on a provisional basis.
Sound studies
Sound studies is an interdisciplinary field that to date has focused largely on the emergence of the concept of "sound" in Western modernity, with an emphasis on the development of sound reproduction technologies.

R. Murray Schafer
Raymond Murray Schafer CC FRCMT(hon) (18 July 1933 – 14 August 2021) was a Canadian composer, writer, music educator, and environmentalist perhaps best known for his World Soundscape Project, concern for acoustic ecology, and his book The Tuning of the World (1977). He was the first recipient of the Jules Léger Prize in 1978.
Thomas Poley
Thomas Poley (by 1523 – 1563 or 1564), of London and Ware, Hertfordshire was an English politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Melcombe Regis in 1545, Ipswich in April 1554 and Ripon in 1555.

Thomas was the son of Edmund Poley and Mirabel Garneys.
His brother, John Poley, married Anne, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Baron Wentworth. Their son, Edmund Poley was also an MP.

On 11 July 1553 Thomas Cornwallis had declared Lady Jane Grey as Queen of England succeeding Edward VI at the Cornhill, Ipswich. However, later that day, Poley declared Mary Tudor to be the rightful Queen.

Edmund Poley (1544–1613)
Edmund Poley (1544–1613), of Badley, Suffolk was an English politician. He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Bodmin in 1572–1581, for Knaresborough in 1584 and for Clitheroe in 1586.

Edmund was the son of John Poley and Anne, daughter of Thomas Wentworth. Thomas Poley, MP, was his uncle. He married Catherine Seckford, sister of Charles Seckford, MP.
Zengid dynasty
The Zengid dynasty was a Turkoman Sunni Muslim dynasty of Seljuk mamluk origin. Initially an Atabegate of the Seljuk Empire created in 1127, it ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia, and eventually seized control of Fatimid Egypt in 1169. Imad ad-Din Zengi was the first ruler of the dynasty. In 1174, the Zengid state extended from Tripoli to Hamadan and from Yemen to Sivas, as it also included the Egyptian territories held by Saladin as governor in the name of Nur al-Din Zengi.

The Zengid Atabegate became famous in the Islamic world for its successes against the Crusaders, and for being the Atabegate from which Saladin originated. Following the demise of the Seljuk dynasty in 1194, the Zengids persisted for several decades as one of the "Seljuk successor-states" until 1250.

Sinjar
Sinjar (Arabic: سنجار, romanized: Sinjār; Kurdish: شنگال, romanized: Şingal, Syriac: ܫܝܓܪ, romanized: Shingar) is a town in the Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. It is located about five kilometers south of the Sinjar Mountains. Its population in 2013 was estimated at 88,023, and is predominantly Yazidi.
John McGuirk
John McGuirk (born 2 March 1984) is an Irish writer and political commentator. He is a contributor to The Irish Catholic and an editor of Gript, a news outlet that is a member of the Press Council of Ireland.

McGuirk and Gript have both been described as conservative, right-wing, and far-right. McGuirk does not agree with being labelled as "far-right" and has engaged in legal action against others for defamation for using the term.

Press Council of Ireland
The Press Council of Ireland is a self-regulatory body that is tasked with maintaining ethical standards and accountability in Irish journalism. Established in 2008, it provides the public with an independent forum for resolving complaints against the press while safeguarding the right to freedom of expression.
Stamp collecting
Stamp collecting is the collecting of postage stamps and related objects. It is an area of philately, which is the study (or combined study and collection) of stamps. It has been one of the world's most popular hobbies since the late nineteenth century with the rapid growth of the postal service, as a stream of new stamps was produced by countries that sought to advertise their distinctiveness through their stamps.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Punjabi language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers.

Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 census. It is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Gulf states.

In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone.

2023 Pakistani census
The 2023 Census of Pakistan was the seventh national census and detailed enumeration of the Pakistani population. It was conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. It was also the first ever digital census to be held in Pakistan, and the first in South Asian history. It is the most recent census in Pakistan.

The census was initially held from 1 March 2023 to 1 April 2023. However, enumeration was later extended several times until 30 May 2023, because of incomplete enumeration in large cities such as Karachi, Lahore, and Faisalabad, where people are more mobile and therefore harder to count, and in remote and rural Balochistan. The extension was also used by PBS officials and census takers for quality reviews, to check if all households and people were properly counted in each area. The 2023 census recorded a total population throughout the country of 241,499,431 (excluding Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir).
J. Bruce Jacobs
Jeffrey Bruce Jacobs AM (19 September 1943 – 24 November 2019) was an American-born Australian orientalist who specialized in Taiwan studies. He taught at La Trobe University before joining the faculty at Monash University as professor of Asian languages and studies, where he was granted emeritus status upon retirement. In Taiwan, he was known as Chia Po (Chinese: 家博; pinyin: jiābó), a simplified transliteration of his surname, or by the nickname Big Beard (大鬍子; dà hú zi).

Lin Yi-hsiung
Lin Yi-hsiung (Chinese: 林義雄; born 24 August 1941) is a Taiwanese politician and lawyer. He was a major leader of the democratization movement in Taiwan. He was first exposed to politics in 1976 while serving as attorney for Kuo Yu-hsin (1908–1985) who sued the ruling Kuomintang for electoral fraud. Lin was elected a member of Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council in Kuo's old electorate in 1977.
Roman square capitals
Roman square capitals, also called capitalis monumentalis, inscriptional capitals, elegant capitals and capitalis quadrata, are an ancient Roman form of writing, and the basis for modern capital letters. Square capitals are characterized by sharp, straight lines, supple curves, thick and thin strokes, angled stressing and incised serifs. When written in documents this style is known as Latin book hand.

Serif
In typography, a serif (/ˈsɛrɪf/) is a small line or stroke regularly attached to the end of a larger stroke in a letter or symbol within a particular font or family of fonts. A typeface or "font family" making use of serifs is called a serif typeface (or serifed typeface), and a typeface that does not include them is sans-serif. Some typography sources refer to sans-serif typefaces as "grotesque" (in German, grotesk) or "Gothic" (although this often refers to blackletter type as well). In  German usage, the term Antiqua is used more broadly for serif types.

Serif typefaces can be broadly classified into one of four subgroups: Old-style, Transitional, Didone, and Slab serif, in order of first emergence.
Calcicolous grasslands in the British National Vegetation Classification system
The calcicolous grassland communities of the British National Vegetation Classification system were described in Volume 3 of British Plant Communities, first published in 1992, along with the mesotrophic grassland communities and the calcifugous grasslands and montane communities.

British National Vegetation Classification
The British National Vegetation Classification or NVC is a system of classifying natural habitat types in Great Britain according to the vegetation they contain.

A large scientific meeting of ecologists, botanists, and other related professionals in the United Kingdom resulted in the publication of a compendium of five books: British Plant Communities, edited by John S. Rodwell, which detail the incidence of plant species in twelve major habitat types in the British natural environment. They are the first systematic and comprehensive account of the vegetation types of the country. They cover all natural, semi-natural and major artificial habitats in Great Britain (not Northern Ireland) and represent fifteen years of research by leading plant ecologists.

From the data collated from the books, commercial software products have been developed to help to classify vegetation identified into one of the many habitat types found in Great Britain – these include MATCH, TABLEFIT and MAVIS.