hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mahmud Pasha (governor)
Mahmud Pasha (died 1567) was an Ottoman statesman from Bosnia: 123  who served as the Ottoman governor of Yemen Eyalet from 1561 to 1565 until being deposed, and of Egypt Eyalet from 1566 until his assassination by gunfire in 1567.

He was described as an "unscrupulous," corrupt, but wealthy official with "the riches of the al-Nazaris in his possession." He reportedly disliked his successor for the governorship of Yemen, Ridwan Pasha, and purposefully made his job harder with actions he took just before his removal from office.

As the governor of Egypt, Mahmud Pasha had the Al-Mahmoudia Mosque, which still stands today, built in Cairo.

Yemen Eyalet
The Yemen Eyalet (Arabic: إيالة اليمن; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت یمن, romanized: Eyālet-i Yemen) was an eyalet (province) of the Ottoman Empire. Although formally an integral part of the empire, the far-flung province was notoriously difficult to administer, and was often lawless. During the early 17th century, the Eyalet was entirely lost to the Zaidi-ruled Qasimid State, only to be recovered by the Ottomans two centuries later. The Yemen Eyalet was reorganized in 1849, upon Ottoman takeover of much of Greater Yemen territories. In 1872, most of it became Yemen Vilayet after a land reform in the empire.
Ernest G. Liebold
Ernest G. Liebold (March 16, 1884 – March 4, 1956) was the business representative and personal secretary of Henry Ford. A fervent antisemite, he took an active part in the antisemitic campaign conducted by the industrialist's weekly newspaper, The Dearborn Independent, from 1920 to 1927. He was also put under investigation by the United States Department of War for being a suspected German spy during the First World War.

Order of the German Eagle
The Order of Merit of the German Eagle (German: Verdienstorden vom Deutschen Adler) was an award of the German Nazi regime, predominantly to foreign diplomats. The Order was instituted on 1 May 1937 by Adolf Hitler.
It ceased to be awarded following the collapse of Nazi Germany at the end of World War II in Europe. The wearing of the Order of Merit of the German Eagle is prohibited in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Wyoming Public Media
Wyoming Public Media is a public broadcaster and is part of the University of Wyoming in Laramie. The organization operates several services: Wyoming Public Radio, Classical Wyoming, Jazz Wyoming, Wyoming Sounds, and wyomingpublicmedia.org. Wyoming Public Media does not operate the Wyoming PBS public television station.

Wyoming Public Media teaches the history and sounds of the state of Wyoming.

Wyoming Public Radio
Wyoming Public Radio (WPR) is the statewide public radio network in Wyoming, and is licensed to the University of Wyoming, with headquarters inside the basement of Knight Hall on the UW campus on East University Avenue (at the corner of South 12th Street and Ivinson Avenue) in Laramie.
Suspense (1930 film)
Suspense is a 1930 British war film directed by Walter Summers and starring Mickey Brantford, Cyril McLaglen and Jack Raine. The battle effects were created under the supervision of Cliff Richardson at Elstree Studios which was owned by British International Pictures. The film's sets were designed by John Mead. It is an adaptation of the play of the same title by Patrick MacGill.

Suspense (play)
Suspense is a 1930 play by the Irish writer Patrick MacGill. Set during the First World War it focuses on a small group of soldiers who are aware that the Germans are building a mine under their trench and have to sit waiting for the enemy to detonate it.

It ran for 64 performances at the Duke of York's Theatre in London's West End. The cast included Robert Douglas, Roland Culver and Gordon Harker. It was produced by Reginald Denham.

The same year it was adapted into a film Suspense directed by Walter Summers and starring Cyril McLaglen, Jack Raine and Hay Petrie.
Schwimmtor
The Schwimmtor (Floating gate), also known as the Sperrschiff (Blocking ship), was a floating barrier designed to protect the areas along the Donaukanal in Vienna from flooding and ice. It was built by Wilhelm von Engerth, entered service on 13 December 1873, and was scrapped following World War II.

Wilhelm Engerth
Wilhelm Freiherr von Engerth (26 May 1814 – 4 September 1884) was an Austrian architect and engineer, known for being the designer of the first practical mountain locomotive. For his services he was elevated in 1875 to the baronetcy.
Mambo (film)
Mambo is an Italian/American international co-production film, produced by Dino De Laurentiis, Carlo Ponti and Paramount Pictures written and directed from 1952 to 1953 by Robert Rossen and released in 1955. A mambo craze spread through the US in the 1950s, and Rossen aimed to repair his finances after almost two years without work since his 1951 House Un-American Activities Committee hearing. The film co-stars Katherine Dunham who acted as the film's choreographer.

Carlo Ponti
Carlo Fortunato Pietro Ponti Sr. Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (11 December 1912 – 10 January 2007) was an Italian film producer with more than 140 productions to his credit. Along with Dino De Laurentiis, he is credited with reinvigorating  and popularizing Italian cinema post-World War II, producing some of the country's most acclaimed and financially-successful films of the 1950s and 1960s.

Ponti worked with many of the most important directors of Italian cinema of the era, including Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, and Vittorio De Sica, as well as many international directors such as Agnès Varda and David Lean. He helped launch the career of his wife, international film star Sophia Loren. He won the Academy Award for Best Foreign-Language Film for La Strada (1954) and was nominated for Best Picture for producing Doctor Zhivago (1965). In 1996, he was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
Boyce Budd
Harold Boyce Budd Jr. (born January 4, 1939) is a retired American competition rower who won a gold medal in the eights at the 1964 Olympics.

Budd graduated from Lawrenceville School in 1957, and then attended Yale University, where he rowed in the varsity eight as a sophomore, and the junior varsity in his junior and senior years. He spent a postgraduate year at Trinity College, Cambridge, and rowed in the winning Cambridge blue boat in the 1962 Boat Race.

He then joined Philadelphia's Vesper Boat Club, winning national titles in the pairs, fours, and eights in 1964 and 1965, as well as an Olympic gold medal in the eights in 1964, and a bronze medal in the eights at the 1965 European championships.

In 1980, Budd's home in Devon, Pennsylvania, was robbed; his Olympic gold medal was stolen and never recovered.

The Boat Race 1962
The 108th Boat Race took place on 7 April 1962. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  Umpired by former Blue, Ran Laurie, it was won by Cambridge by five lengths in a time of 19 minutes 46 seconds.  The race featured the heaviest oarsman since the inaugural race in 1829.
Christoph Badelt
Christoph Badelt (born 26 February 1951) is the current director of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research and professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. He was the Vienna University of Economics and Business's vice-chancellor from March 2002 until September 2015.

He is an economist specializing in social policy. He has done notable work in the economics of nonprofit organizations.

In 1998, Badelt, among others, was commissioned by the Austrian Government to study the state of the family in Austria.  He was elected Austrian Scientist of the Year in 1999.

Austrian Institute of Economic Research
The Austrian Institute of Economic Research (German: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, WIFO) is a private non-profit association located in Vienna, Austria.

The institute was founded in 1927 by Friedrich Hayek and Ludwig von Mises as Österreichisches Institut für Konjunkturforschung ("Austrian Institute for Business-Cycle Research"). With 124 employees (64 researchers, 30 research assistants, 30 administrative staff), and an annual budget of 13.6 million Euros (as of 2001), it is the largest non-university economic research institute in Austria.

WIFO is a member of the "Association of European Conjuncture Institutes" (AIECE), the "Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys" (CIRET), and the "European Economic Research and Advisory Consortium" (ERECO) with partner institutions in Birmingham, Bologna, Cambridge, Madrid, Munich, Paris and Rotterdam. It has also established ties to institutes in the US, Australia and Asia.
Cold Spring Harbor Jr./Sr. High School
Cold Spring Harbor High School is a public school for grades 7–12 in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States. In 2007, it was placed 52nd on Newsweek's Top 1300 High Schools list.

Cold Spring Harbor High School is ranked 33rd among public schools in New York and is the only high school in the Cold Spring Harbor Central School District. There are 989 students attending grades 7–12, and there are 85 teachers working full-time at the school with 65 percent having a master's degree or higher. The student body is 49 percent male and 51 percent female. The minority enrollment is 4 percent, with 2 percent Asian, 1 percent black, and 1 percent Hispanic. White enrollment is 96 percent. AP participation rate among students is 82 percent, and about 68 percent of the students were found to be proficient in math and or reading. The graduation rate at Cold Spring Harbor High School is 95 percent. Average SAT scores are around 1300 and the average ACT score is 29.

Cold Spring Harbor Central School District
Cold Spring Harbor Central School District is a school district in the towns of Huntington and Oyster Bay on the border of Suffolk County, New York and Nassau County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island. In Suffolk County, the district serves all of Lloyd Harbor, almost the entirety of Cold Spring Harbor, and a small part of Huntington. In Nassau, the district serves the overwhelming majority of Laurel Hollow and a small part of Oyster Bay.
Luv Sinha
Luv Sinha is an Indian actor and politician who works in Hindi films. He began his career by playing the lead role in the Hindi film Sadiyaan (2010). He also starred in J. P. Dutta's Paltan (2018). He is the son of actors Shatrughan Sinha and Poonam Sinha and the elder brother of actress Sonakshi Sinha.

Paltan (film)
Paltan (transl. Platoon; Hindi pronunciation: [pəlʈən]) is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language war film written, directed and produced by J. P. Dutta, based on 1967 Nathu La and Cho La clashes along the Sikkim border after 1962 Sino-Indian War. It stars an ensemble cast with Jackie Shroff, Arjun Rampal, Sonu Sood, Harshvardhan Rane, Rohit Roy, Sonal Chauhan, Monica Gill, Dipika Kakar and many more. The film was theatrically released on 7 September 2018.
Ramdane Djamel
Ramdane Djamel is a town and commune in Skikda Province in north-eastern Algeria.

The town is home to football club WA Ramdane Djamel, which currently plays in the Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur. Ramdane Djamel is an important railway junction where the mainline Algiers–Skikda railway connects to the Ramdane Djamel–Annaba railway as well as to the Ramdane Djamel–Jijel railway.

WA Ramdane Djamel
Widad Amel Ramdane Djamel, known as WA Ramdane Djamel for short, is an Algerian football club based in the town of Ramdane Djamel. The club was founded in 1966 and its colours are red and white. The club currently plays in the east division of the Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur, the third tier in the Algerian football system.

In the 2010–11 season, WA Ramdane Djamel finished fourth in their group in the Inter-Régions Division and won promotion to the Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur. It was their fourth promotion in a row.
George William Burdett Clare
George William Burdett Clare VC (18 May 1889 – 29 November 1917) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Clare was born on 18 May 1889 in St Ives, Huntingdonshire to George and Rhoda Clare.

He was 28 years old, and a private in the 5th Lancers (Royal Irish), he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 28/29 November 1917 at Bourlon Wood, France during the Battle of Cambrai at which he was killed.

5th Royal Irish Lancers
The 5th Royal Irish Lancers was a cavalry regiment of the British Army. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War. It amalgamated with the 16th The Queen's Lancers to become the 16th/5th Lancers in 1922.
Green pigments
Green pigments are the materials used to create the green colors seen in painting and the other arts.  At one time, such pigments came from minerals, particularly those containing compounds of copper. Green pigments reflect the green portions of the spectrum of visible light, and absorb the others. Important green pigments in art history include Malachite and Verdigris, found in tomb paintings in Ancient Egypt, and the Green earth pigments popular in the Middle Ages. More recent greens, such as Cobalt Green, are largely synthetic, made in laboratories and factories.  Today, the main green pigment is Phthalocyanine Green G.

Viridian
Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is composed of a majority of green, followed by blue. The first recorded use of viridian as a color name in English was in the 1860s. Viridian takes its name from the Latin viridis, meaning "green". The pigment was first prepared in mid-19th-century Paris and remains available from several US manufacturers as prepared artists' colors in all media.: 276–77
1965 East Grinstead by-election
The East Grinstead by-election 1965 was a parliamentary by-election for the East Grinstead constituency of the British House of Commons held on 4 February 1965.

The by-election was held following conferment of a life peerage on Evelyn Emmet.

Evelyn Emmet, Baroness Emmet of Amberley
Evelyn Violet Elizabeth Emmet, Baroness Emmet of Amberley DL (née Rodd; 18 March 1899 – 10 October 1980) was a British Conservative Party politician. She was the Member of Parliament for East Grinstead from 1955 to 1965, when she was elevated to the House of Lords.
Nasir Lamine
Nasir Lamine (born 7 February 1985) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays for New Edubiase United. He previously played for Ashanti Gold SC (Ashgold). Lamine was part of his country's 2004 Olympic football team; the team exited in the first round, having finished in third place in Group B.

Ghana at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Ghana was represented at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece by the Ghana Olympic Committee.

In total, 28 athletes including 23 men and three women represented Ghana in two different sports including athletics and football.
Artham
Artham (transl. The Meaning) is a 1989 Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film directed by Sathyan Anthikkad and written by Venu Nagavally. It stars Mammootty, Sreenivasan,  Murali, Saranya, in lead roles along with Parvathy, Mamukkoya, Philomina, Mohan Raj, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Sukumari, Jagannatha Varma, and Oduvil Unnikrishnan in other pivotal roles. Jayaram plays a cameo role. The music was composed by Johnson.

The film is an adaptation of the Tamil detective novel Ethir Katru by Subha. The story revolves around a loner and award-winning novelist Ben Narendran (Mammootty) who seeks revenge against the forces who murdered his dear friend Janardanan (Jayaram). Joining in Narendran's aid are journalist Manasa (Saranya) and Advocate P. S. Nenmara (Sreenivasan). It was also later adapted in Tamil cinema as Ethir Kaatru (1990).

Ethir Kaatru
Ethir Kaatru (transl. Headwind) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language thriller film, directed by Muktha S. Sundar and produced by Muktha Srinivasan. The film stars Karthik and Kanaka. It was released on 7 December 1990. The film is based on the Malayalam film Artham, which is in turn based on the Tamil novel Ethir Kaatru, written by Subha.
Rocky River (New South Wales)
Rocky River, a watercourse of the Gwydir catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia.

Sourced from the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the river rises at First Creek Falls on Kentucky Creek, at Rocky River, west of Uralla, and flows generally to the north and north-west, before reaching its confluence with the Boorolong Creek to form Gwydir River, south of Yarrowyck; descending 223 metres (732 ft) over its 34 kilometres (21 mi) course.

Uralla, New South Wales
Uralla is a town on the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. It is located at the intersection of the New England Highway and Thunderbolts Way, 465 kilometres (289 mi) north of Sydney and about 23 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of the city of Armidale. At the 2016 census, the township of Uralla had a population of 2,388. According to the 2021 census, the population of Uralla had increased to 2,728.

At more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level, Uralla's high altitude makes for cool to cold winters and mild summers.

Uralla has maintained significant heritage characteristics, with more than 50 buildings and sites of heritage significance.

During the 1980s and 1990s, the community bought and restored McCrossins Mill, and the complex now operates as a museum, gallery and function centre, run by volunteers. It is also the starting point for a heritage walk.
Curry–Howard correspondence
In programming language theory and proof theory, the Curry–Howard correspondence is a direct relationship between computer programs and mathematical proofs. It is also known as the Curry–Howard isomorphism or equivalence, or the proofs-as-programs and propositions- or formulae-as-types interpretation.

It is a generalization of a syntactic analogy between systems of formal logic and computational calculi that was first discovered by the American mathematician Haskell Curry and the logician William Alvin Howard. It is the link between logic and computation that is usually attributed to Curry and Howard, although the idea is related to the operational interpretation of intuitionistic logic given in various formulations by L. E. J. Brouwer, Arend Heyting and Andrey Kolmogorov (see Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation) and Stephen Kleene (see Realizability). The relationship has been extended to include category theory as the three-way Curry–Howard–Lambek correspondence.

Programming language theory
Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of formal languages known as programming languages. Programming language theory is closely related to other fields including linguistics, mathematics, and software engineering.
Vicko Milatović
Miroslav "Vicko" Milatović (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирослав-Вицко Милатовић) is a Serbian musician best known as the drummer for the Serbian and Yugoslav rock band Riblja Čorba.

Milatović first gained prominence in the late 1970s. as the member of the Belgrade band SOS, which enjoyed some local popularity. In 1978, SOS members and vocalist Bora Đorđević formed the band Riblja Čorba, which went on to become one of the most popular and influential acts of the Yugoslav rock scene. Milatović has been the member of Riblja Čorba throughout the band's whole career, with only a short one-year absence from the group due to his mandatory army stint. In addition to working with Riblja Čorba, he started two side projects—the heavy metal band Warriors and the hard rock band Indijanci—and released two solo albums.

Buvlja pijaca
Buvlja pijaca (trans. Flea Market) is the fourth studio album from Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band Riblja Čorba, released in 1982.

The album is the second Riblja Čorba album produced by John McCoy. It featured a softer sound than previous Riblja Čorba releases, as some of the songs featured string and brass instruments and had elements of acoustic rock.

The album was polled in 1998 as the 64th on the list of 100 greatest Yugoslav rock and pop albums in the book YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike (YU 100: The Best albums of Yugoslav pop and rock music).
Copenhagen City Hall (1479–1728)
A new, third City Hall in Copenhagen, Denmark, was built at Gammeltorv in 1479. Rebuilt by King Christian IV into the Renaissance style in 1610, it was in use until 1728 when it was destroyed in  the first Great Fire of Copenhagen. It was replaced by a new city hall which was built on its foundations the same year.

Gammeltorv
Gammeltorv (Old Market) is the oldest square in Copenhagen, Denmark. With adjoining Nytorv it forms a common space along the Strøget pedestrian zone. While the square dates back to the foundation of the city in the 12th century, most of its buildings were constructed after the Great Fire of 1795 in Neoclassical style. Another dominating feature is the Caritas Well, a Renaissance fountain erected by King Christian IV in 1610.

Historically, Gammeltorv has been the focal point of Copenhagen's judicial and political life as well as one of its two principal marketplaces. Several former city halls have been located on the square or in its immediate vicinity. Surprisingly, its name is not a reference to adjoining Nytorv but to the slightly younger Amagertorv, Copenhagen's other major market in early times.
The Wild Fields
The Wild Fields (Ukrainian: «Дике поле», romanized: Dyke pole, Russian: «Дикое поле», romanized: Dikoye polye) is a film based on Serhiy Zhadan’s novel "Voroshylovhrad". Its genre is eastern. The film was developed by LIMELITE Production in collaboration with TV Channel "Ukraine", Media Group Ukraine, Ukrainian State Film Agency (Derzhkino) and a Swiss production studio "Film Brut".

The film was released in wide distribution in Ukraine on 9 November 2018.

The screen version of Serhiy Zhadan's novel has already won The Connecting Cottubs Best Pitch Award 2016, The Connecting Cottubs Producers Network Award 2016, The Connecting Cottubs Pitch Award 2017 and The Connecting Cottubs Work-In-Progress Award 2017.

Serhiy Zhadan
Serhiy Viktorovych Zhadan (Ukrainian: Сергі́й Ві́кторович Жада́н; born 23 August 1974) is a Ukrainian writer, musician, translator, and social activist.

In early June 2024, Zhadan posted on his Facebook page that he had joined the 13th "Khartia" Brigade of the National Guard of Ukraine which has been in active combat.
Helenopolis (Palaestina Secunda)
Helenopolis (Greek: Ἑλενόπολις) was a town and episcopal see in the former Roman province of Palaestina Secunda, in the Byzantine Empire.  It was named for the mother of Constantine the Great, Helena. It is identified as either modern Daburiyya or with Kfar Kama, both in Israel.

As a diocese that is no longer residential, it is listed in the Annuario Pontificio among titular sees of the Roman Catholic Church.  Its last titular bishop was John Francis Hackett.

Kfar Kama
Kfar Kama (Hebrew: כְּפַר כַּמָא, Arabic: كفر كما, Adyghe: Кфар Кама) is a Circassian town located in the Lower Galilee of Israel's northern district, located along road 767, that leads from Kfar Tavor to the Kinneret. It is one of the only two Circassian towns in Israel, the other being Rehaniya. The residents of the town are descended from Shapsug tribe exiles from Circassia. In 2008, the town had a population of 2,900.