hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivor Chipkin
Ivor Chipkin (born 8 October 1970) is a South African academic studying democracy and public management in the post-apartheid context.

His academic research has included analysis of corruption in South Africa. He co-authored the May 2017 publication Betrayal of the Promise: How South Africa is being stolen, and Shadow State: The Politics of State Capture (2018) which were among the first works to detail a corrupt state capture scheme orchestrated by members of the African National Congress (ANC).

In 2010, Chipkin established the Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI), where he served until 2018. In 2019, Chipkin inaugurated the think tank Government and Public Policy (GAPP), renamed the New South Institute (NSI) in 2023.

State capture
State capture is a type of systemic political corruption in which private interests significantly influence a state's decision-making processes to their own advantage.

The term was first used by the World Bank in 2000 to describe certain Central Asian countries making the transition from Soviet communism, where small corrupt groups used their influence over government officials to appropriate government decision-making in order to strengthen their own economic positions.

Allegations of state capture have led to protests against the government in Bulgaria in 2013–2014 and in 2020–2021 and Romania in 2017, and have caused an ongoing controversy in South Africa beginning in 2016. Turkey is considered as a post-2002 example of state capture. The term has also been used against Elon Musk by critics of U.S. President Donald Trump.
Budalangi Constituency
Budalangi Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of seven constituencies in Busia County. The constituency was established for the 1997 elections. The physical setting of Budalangi at the floodplain of River Nzoia and increased runoff from degraded catchments has  been contributory factors to flooding disasters experienced in the region every year, destroying thousands of crop fields and leaving thousands of families homeless. In most cases, River Nzoia breaks its banks due to the backflow of Lake Victoria, flooding the entire filed within days. The most recent catastrophic disaster was caused by Lake Kanyaboli which broke all of its dykes and drained more than 50% of its volume to the region, sweeping away everything on its way.

Constituencies of Kenya
The constituencies of Kenya are used to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of the Kenyan Parliament. In accordance with Article 89 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya, there are 290 constituencies, based on a formula where these constituencies were to be delineated based on population numbers. Each constituency returns one Member of National Assembly. The constituencies are further divided into electoral wards.
Ryeoun
Go Yoon-hwan (Korean: 고윤환; born August 26, 1998), better known by his stage name Ryeoun (려운), is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in 18 Again (2020), The World of My 17 (2020), Adult Trainee (2021), Twinkling Watermelon (2023), and Weak Hero Class 2 (2025). In 2023, he had his first and second television lead roles in The Secret Romantic Guesthouse and Twinkling Watermelon.

18 Again
18 Again (Korean: 18 어게인; RR: 18 eogein) is a 2020 South Korean television series based on the 2009 film 17 Again by Jason Filardi, likely inspired by the 1988 comedy movie of the (series') same name featuring George Burns. Starring Kim Ha-neul, Yoon Sang-hyun, and Lee Do-hyun. It aired on JTBC from September 21 to November 10, 2020, every Monday and Tuesday at 21:35 (KST). The series is available on iQIYI and Viu with multi-language subtitles.
FBI Academy
The FBI Academy is the Federal Bureau of Investigation's law enforcement training and research center near the town of Quantico in Prince William County, Virginia. The academy occupies 547 acres (221 ha) on the US Marine Corps Base Quantico. It is located 36 miles outside Washington, D.C., and is a full service national training facility. In addition to training new FBI agents at the facility, the Training Division also instructs special agents, intelligence analysts, law enforcement officers, Drug Enforcement Administration agents, and foreign partners.

In order to be able to attend the academy and become an FBI agent, a candidate must be aged between 23 and 37, a citizen of the United States, and possess a minimum of a bachelor's degree.

Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County lies beside the Potomac River in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 482,204, making it Virginia's second most populous county. The county seat is the independent city of Manassas. A part of Northern Virginia, Prince William County is part of the Washington metropolitan area. In 2020, it had the 24th highest income of any county in the United States. The county is named after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, the youngest son of King George II.
Hana yo Odore
"Hana yo Odore" (花よ踊れ, lit. "Flower Dance") is the 46th single by Japanese entertainer Akina Nakamori. Written by Karen and Hitoshi Haba, the single was released on May 17, 2006, by Universal Sigma. It was also the lead single from her 22nd studio album Destination.

Destination (Akina Nakamori album)
Destination (stylized as DESTINATION) is the twenty second studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Akina Nakamori and third studio album to be released during the 2000s. It was released on 21 June 2006 under the Universal Music Japan label.

The album includes two Akina's original written songs: Yoru no Hana and Love Gate under pseudonym Miran:Miran.

The album jacket is taken from live pamphlet Femme Fatale in 1988.
Mount Api
Mount Api (Malay: Gunung Api) is a limestone mountain located in Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak, Malaysia. Neighbouring Mount Benarat and Mount Buda are part of the same formation. Mount Api is famous for its striking limestone karst formations, commonly called "the pinnacles".

The mountain is host to many caves, with passages linking to the massive Clearwater Cave system. Api Chamber, the second-largest chamber in Malaysia, was discovered on Mount Api during the Benarat 2005 Caving Expedition.

Mount Api is notable for its pitcher plant diversity, which includes: Nepenthes faizaliana, N. fractiflexa, N. lowii, N. muluensis, N. tentaculata, N. veitchii, and N. vogelii.

Nepenthes faizaliana
Nepenthes faizaliana /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌfaɪzæliˈɑːnə/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the limestone cliffs of Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak, Borneo.  It is thought to be most closely related to N. boschiana.
Yaoshi Bao Chan
The Yaoshi Bao Chan (Chinese: 藥師寶懺; lit. 'Jewelled Repentance of Yaoshi'), officially titled the Cibei Yaoshi Bao Chan (慈悲藥師寶懺, lit: "Jewelled Repentance of the Compassionate Yaoshi") and sometimes known as the Medicine Buddha Repentance, is a Chinese Buddhist repentance rite. It is based around the Buddha Bhaiṣajyaguru, who is commonly known in Chinese as Yaoshi (藥師, lit: "Medicine Teacher"). The ritual was first composed during the early Qing dynasty (1644–1912), and is traditionally ascribed to the Nanshan Vinaya master Jianyue Duti (見月讀體, 1601–1679). The ritual's liturgy received further edits and addendums in later periods, most notably by the Tiantai monk Shou Deng (受登, 1607–1675). In modern times, this rite remains a popular rite in the Chinese Buddhist ritual field, where it is typically performed to extinguish calamities, cure illnesses, prolong lifespans, resolve grievances as well as bring salvation to the deceased.

Fanbai
Fanbai (Chinese: 梵唄, pinyin: fánbài; lit. 'Voice of Brahmā') refers to Buddhist ritual chanting performed in Chinese Buddhism. It originated from the chanting style that was commonly used in Indian Buddhism to facilitate the recitation of scriptures, which was later adapted in Chinese Buddhism after the transmission of Buddhism from India to China. In China, various styles of fanbai, each with specific melodies and rhythms, were gradually developed by various Buddhist traditions and regions. Despite these variations, the term "fanbai" is used as a broad umbrella term for Buddhist chanting from all the various traditions of Chinese Buddhism, such as Chan, Pure Land, Tiantai, Huayan and Zhenyan. Since its introduction into China, fanbai has been transmitted continuously through an unbroken lineage of monastics down to contemporary times, and is still used in modern Chinese Buddhist practice during all rituals and ceremonies.
César Ramírez (actor)
Arlen Quindoy Aguilar (July 9, 1925 – July 18, 2003), also known by his screen name César Ramírez, was a Filipino actor who was a leading man for Sampaguita Pictures. He was famous for his portrayal of a Philippines' mythical hero, "Bernardo Carpio".

He was married to Alicia Vergel. They had two children, Ace and Beverly. Sometime after retiring from the film business, in 1975, Ramirez moved to San Francisco, California in the United States.

He died of cardiac arrest on July 18, 2003.

Beverly Vergel
Beverly Vergel (born April 11, 1964) ia Filipino-Canadian actress and film writer, director and producer, who now lives and works in Canada after many screen appearances in the Philippines during the 1980s and 1990s.
Hasta (spear)
The hasta (pl.: hastae) was the spear carried by early Roman legionaries, for which the Roman soldiers known as hastati were named. In later republican times, the hastati were re-armed with pila and gladii, and the hasta was only retained by the triarii. The hasta would also be reintroduced in the  Late Roman army in conjunction with the spatha.

Unlike the pilum, verutum and lancea, the hasta was not thrown, but used for thrusting. It was about 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) in length, with a shaft generally made from ash, while the head was of iron.

Hasta also referred to a spear that was a gymnastic weapon. The hasta praepilata was a spear with its point either covered by a ball or muffled. This type of spear was used by soldiers during training.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Beketaten
Beketaten (Ancient Egyptian: bꜣk.t-itn) (14th century BCE) was an ancient Egyptian princess of the 18th Dynasty. Beketaten is considered to be the youngest daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and his Great Royal Wife Tiye, thus the sister of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Her name means "Handmaid of Aten".

Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III  (lit. '"Amun is satisfied"'), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep the Great and Hellenized as Amenophis III, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. According to different authors following the "Low Chronology", he ruled Ancient Egypt from June 1386 to 1349 BC, or from June 1388 BC to December 1351 BC/1350 BC, after his father Thutmose IV died. Amenhotep was Thutmose's son by a minor wife, Mutemwiya.

His reign marked a time of exceptional prosperity and grandeur, during which Egypt reached the height of its artistic and international influence, making him one of ancient Egypt's greatest pharaohs. He is also one of the few pharaohs worshipped as a deity during his lifetime.

When he died in the 38th or 39th year of his reign, he was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, who later changed his name to Akhenaten.
Baron Wenckheim's Homecoming
Baron Wenckheim's Homecoming (Hungarian: Báró Wenckheim hazatér) is a 2016 novel by László Krasznahorkai. Originally published in Hungarian by Magvető, it was later translated to English by Ottilie Mulzet and published in 2019 by New Directions Publishing. The novel employs an experimental structure, with pages-long sentences and unbroken paragraphs.

Mulzet's translation won the 2019 National Book Award for Translated Literature. The novel also won the 2017 Aegon Prize.

László Krasznahorkai
László Krasznahorkai (Hungarian: [ˈlaːsloː ˈkrɒsnɒɦorkɒi]; born 5 January 1954) is a Hungarian writer, novelist and screenwriter. Krasznahorkai is known for his difficult and demanding novels, often labeled postmodern, which explore dystopian and melancholic themes. Several of his works, including his novels Satantango (1985) and The Melancholy of Resistance (1989), have been adapted into feature films by the director Béla Tarr.

In 2025, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art".
Gomtu
Gomtu is a border town in south-western Bhutan near the border with India. It is located in Samtse District. Gomtu is a small industrial town by road only reachable via India. It lays at a distance of some 70 kilometers west of the large Bhutanese border town of Phuentsholing. There are two cement factories based in the Gomtu Industrial Estate, Penden Cement and Lhaki Cement. Gomtu has a  government Higher Secondary School and a  government referral hospital. In the Pugli Hills around Gomtu the mineral dolomite is mined by the Jigme Mining Corporation Limited.

At the 2005 census, its population was 4,524. The postal code of Gomtu is 22002.

Mining in Bhutan
Mining of industrial minerals was insignificant to Bhutan’s economy except for the production of ferrosilicon. The country’s rugged terrain provides sites to harvest hydropower, which has driven rapid growth in the transport and construction sectors, including the startup of a number of local cement operations.
Juggling notation
Juggling notation is the written depiction of concepts and practices in juggling. Toss juggling patterns have a reputation for being "easier done than said" – while it might be easy to learn a given maneuver and demonstrate it for others, it is often much harder to communicate the idea accurately using speech or plain text. To circumvent this problem, various numeric or diagram-based notation systems have been developed to facilitate communication of patterns or tricks between jugglers, as well the investigation and discovery of new patterns.

A juggling notation system (based on music notation) was first proposed by Dave Storer in 1978 and while the first juggling diagram (a ladder diagram), by Claude Shannon around 1981, was not printed till 2010, the first printed diagram and second oldest notation system were proposed by Jeff Walker in 1982.

Juggling pattern
A juggling pattern or juggling trick is a specific manipulation of props during the practice of juggling. "Juggling, like music, combines abstract patterns and mind-body coordination in a pleasing way." Descriptions of patterns and tricks have been most common in toss juggling. A juggling pattern in toss juggling is a sequence of throws and catches using a certain number of props which is repeated continuously. Patterns include simple ones such as the cascade and complex ones such as Mills mess. A juggling trick in toss juggling is a throw or catch which is different from the throws and catches within a pattern. Tricks include simple ones such as a high throw or more difficult ones such a catch on the back of the jugglers neck, as well as the claw, multiplex, and pass. Systems of juggling notation have been created to describe juggling patterns and tricks. One of these is siteswap notation.
Tokyo Love Story
Tokyo Love Story (東京ラブストーリー, Tōkyō Rabusutōrī) is a Japanese manga written by Fumi Saimon. It was published by Shogakukan in Big Comic Spirits from 1989 to 1990 and collected into 4 tankōbon volumes.

Tokyo Love Story was adapted into a Japanese television drama in 1991 which aired on Fuji Television in 11 episodes and one special between January and March 1991. The television drama starred Yūji Oda, Honami Suzuki, and Narimi Arimori, and its theme song "Love Story wa Totsuzen ni" by Kazumasa Oda is the 9th best-selling single in Japan.

Fumi Saimon
Fumi Saimon (柴門ふみ, Saimon Fumi; born 19 January 1957 in Tokushima, Tokushima) is a female Japanese manga artist and novelist. She is best known for the series Tokyo Love Story, which was adapted as a live-action television series.

She is considered one of the artists who are counted as part of the New Wave movement in manga in the last 1970s and early 1980s.

She won the 1983 Kodansha Manga Award for general manga for P.S. Genki Desu, Shunpei and the 1992 Shogakukan Manga Award for general manga for Kazoku no Shokutaku and Asunaro Hakusho.

She is married to manga artist Kenshi Hirokane.
Philip Mallory
Philip Rogers Mallory (November 11, 1885 - November 16, 1975) was an American businessman and the founder of the company that is now known as Duracell International. Rather than making a career in his family's shipping business, he founded his own manufacturing company, the P. R. Mallory Company. Starting as a manufacturer of tungsten filament wire, his company later became The Mallory Battery Company and is now known as Duracell International.

P. R. Mallory and Co Inc
P. R. Mallory and Co Inc was a US producer of dry cell batteries (Mercury; alkaline Duracell), electronic components including electrolytic capacitors, and audible warning devices ("Sonalert"). It also was the parent firm of Mallory Batteries Ltd., an Irish producer of Ever Ready batteries. British Ever Ready had a large stake in it by World War II and had a close relationship with Mallory by the late 1960s (in the US, "Eveready" batteries were a trademark of Union Carbide, which had no relationship with P. R. Mallory).

Scientists George Wallis and Daniel I. Pomerantz at P. R. Mallory and Co discovered anodic bonding of glass to silicon.  Their work was published in 1969 in the Journal of Applied Physics and is protected under U.S. Patent No 3,397,278.
Sarah Schaub
Sarah Schaub (born June 13, 1983) is an American actress from Salt Lake City, Utah.

She has appeared in such productions as Stephen King's The Stand and A Home of Our Own with Kathy Bates. She is best known for playing Dinah Greene in the CBS drama Promised Land from 1996 to 1999, for which she garnered two Young Artist Awards for Best Performance in a TV Drama Series-Leading Young Actress (1998) and Best Performance in a TV Drama Series-Young Ensemble (1999). After the series ended, Schaub acted primarily in local theater.

Promised Land (1996 TV series)
Promised Land is an American drama television series that aired on CBS from September 17, 1996, to May 20, 1999. It is a spin-off from another series, Touched by an Angel. The series was cancelled after its third season, spanning a total of sixty-nine episodes.
Galápagos Rise
The Galápagos Rise is an extinct spreading centre located about 1,000 km (620 mi; 540 nmi) southsouthwest of the Galápagos islands, and 2,000 km (1,200 mi; 1,100 nmi) west of Peru which was active in the Miocene period. It developed shortly after the Farallon plate broke into two parts, forming the Cocos and Nazca plates. During its existence as a spreading centre the Galápagos Rise formed the eastern boundary of the Bauer microplate.

Nazca plate
The Nazca plate or Nasca plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America. The ongoing subduction, along the Peru–Chile Trench, of the Nazca plate under the South American plate is largely responsible for the Andean orogeny. The Nazca plate is bounded on the west by the Pacific plate and to the south by the Antarctic plate through the East Pacific Rise and the Chile Rise, respectively. The movement of the Nazca plate over several hotspots has created some volcanic islands as well as east–west running seamount chains that subduct under South America. Nazca is a relatively young plate in terms of the age of its rocks and its existence as an independent plate, having been formed from the breakup of the Farallon plate about 23 million years ago. The oldest rocks of the plate are about 50 million years old.
Lillebror
Lillebror is a children's song with lyrics and music by Gullan Bornemark, published in Hallå, hallå in 1964. Compared to the original version, the lyrics have been changed a little bit later. The inspiration to the lyrics came from the Gullan's daughter's Eva's baby brother Sven, who thought he could do anything.

Gullan Bornemark
Elin Gunhild "Gullan" Bornemark (née Bohlin; born 28 November 1927) is a Swedish musician, lyricist, composer and, between 1951 and 2007, music teacher.

Bornemark was born in Härnösand, Sweden. She wrote song lyrics, usually using already famous tunes, for Anita och Televinken with the ambition of teaching children how to behave in traffic.
Abraxas, Guardian of the Universe
Abraxas, Guardian of the Universe is a 1991  science fiction film written and directed by Damian Lee, starring Jesse Ventura, Sven-Ole Thorsen and Marjorie Bransfield. Ventura plays an extraterrestrial cop seeking to protect a child prodigy from his father, a fellow alien who has virginally conceived him with a human woman to solve the advanced equation that will grant him absolute powers. Jim Belushi has a cameo in the film, reprising his role from The Principal (1987).

Sven-Ole Thorsen
Sven-Ole Thorsen (born 24 September 1944) is a Danish former actor, stuntman, bodybuilder and strongman competitor. Thorsen won Denmark's Strongest Man in 1983.

Using his stature he often plays imposing giants and villains in his films who are somehow beaten by smaller opponents in a David and Goliath manner, but he has also played heroic characters such as Gunnar the legendary warrior in The Viking Sagas. His autobiography Stærk mand i Hollywood (Strong Man in Hollywood) was published on 26 October 2007, and was very well reviewed. The first printing of the book reportedly sold out in 24 hours.
Oriente Station (Lisbon Metro)
Oriente is a station on the Red Line of the Lisbon Metro. The station is located in Lisbon, between the Cabo Ruivo and Moscavide stations. The station is a part of the Gare do Oriente, one of the main transport hubs of the city, serving the North, Sintra, and Azambuja Lines and also several bus lines.

Lisbon Metro Red Line
The Red Line (Portuguese: Linha Vermelha) or Orient Line (Portuguese: Linha do Oriente) is one of the four lines of the Lisbon Metro.

Serving the northeast of the city, the line was opened in May 1998, as part of the infrastructure built to serve Expo '98. In 2009, the line was extended west to connect to the Yellow and Blue lines. In 2012, the line was extended to serve Lisbon Airport.
Huntingdonshire County Council
Huntingdonshire County Council was the county council of Huntingdonshire in the east of England. It came into its powers on 1 April 1889 and was abolished on 1 April 1965. It was amalgamated with Soke of Peterborough County Council to form Huntingdon and Peterborough County Council in 1965.

Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.