hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Density matrix renormalization group
The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a numerical variational technique devised to obtain the low-energy physics of quantum many-body systems with high accuracy. The DMRG algorithm attempts to find the lowest-energy matrix product state wavefunction of a Hamiltonian. It was invented in 1992 by Steven R. White and it is nowadays the most efficient method for 1-dimensional systems.

Quantum Monte Carlo
Quantum Monte Carlo encompasses a large family of computational methods whose common aim is the study of complex quantum systems. One of the major goals of these approaches is to provide a reliable solution (or an accurate approximation) of the quantum many-body problem.  The diverse flavors of quantum Monte Carlo approaches all share the common use of the Monte Carlo method to handle the multi-dimensional integrals that arise in the different formulations of the many-body problem.

Quantum Monte Carlo methods allow for a direct treatment and description of complex many-body effects encoded in the wave function, going beyond mean-field theory. In particular, there exist numerically exact and polynomially-scaling algorithms to exactly study static properties of boson systems without geometrical frustration.  For fermions, there exist very good approximations to their static properties and numerically exact exponentially scaling quantum Monte Carlo algorithms, but none that are both.
Imruh Bakari
Imruh Bakari (Ishaq Imruh Bakari) is a film maker and writer born in 1950 on St Kitts, who is also referred to as Imruh Bakari Caesar or Imruh Caesar. He currently teaches Film Studies at the University of Winchester.  He works in the UK and a number of African countries in the area of culture and the creative industries.

University of Winchester
The University of Winchester is a public research university based in the city of Winchester, Hampshire, England. The university has origins tracing back to 1840 as a teacher training college, but was established in 2005.

Winchester University is a member of The Cathedrals Group (officially the Council of Church Universities and Colleges or CCUC), an association of universities and university colleges in the United Kingdom.

Every year the university holds its graduation ceremonies in Winchester Cathedral.

Graduates of the University of Winchester may use the post-nominals Winton., from the Latin Wintoniensis meaning 'of Winchester'.
Australian Olympic Committee
The Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for developing, promoting, and protecting the Olympic Movement in Australia. The AOC has the exclusive responsibility for the representation of Australia at the Olympic Games (Summer and Winter), the Youth Olympic Games and at Regional Games patronized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). All National Olympic Committees (currently 205 worldwide) are constituents of the International Olympic Committee.

Edgar Tanner
Sir Edgar Stephen Tanner, CBE (10 August 1904 - 21 November 1979) was an Australian sports administrator and Victorian politician. He was a former secretary-general and president of the Australian Olympic Federation and Chairman of the Australian Commonwealth Games Association.
Memorialul Durerii
Memorialul Durerii (The Memorial of Suffering) is a Romanian Television documentary series about persecution, the labor camp system, anti-communist resistance and the secret police in Communist Romania. It started airing in 1991. The main producer is Lucia Hossu-Longin.

One of the most memorable interviews on the show  was the one conducted in 1992 with Elisabeta Rizea, who joined an anti-Communist guerrilla group in the early 1950s, and then spent 12 years in prison, being subjected to torture.

Elisabeta Rizea
Elisabeta Rizea (28 June 1912 – 4 October 2003) was a Romanian anti-communist partisan in the Făgăraș Mountains of northern Wallachia. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, she became the symbol of Romania's anti-communist resistance. She was twice imprisoned for her activities, suffering extensive torture on the second occasion.
Itajuípe
Itajuípe is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.

The municipality contains part of the 157,745-hectare (389,800-acre) Lagoa Encantada e Rio Almada Environmental Protection Area, created in 1993.

Lagoa Encantada e Rio Almada Environmental Protection Area
The Lagoa Encantada e Rio Almada Environmental Protection Area (Portuguese: Área de Proteção Ambiental da Lagoa Encantada e Rio Almada) is an environmental protection area in the state of Bahia, Brazil.
2024-25 Serbian Water Polo Super League
The 2024-25 Serbian Water polo Super League was the 18th season of the Serbian Water Polo Super League. The tournament was in a knockout cup format with teams being seeded based on their position in the Regional Water Polo League. VK Radnički Kragujevac won their second Super League title after defeating VK Novi Beograd, the defending champions, in a best of three final series.

VK Novi Beograd
VK Novi Beograd (Serbian Cyrillic: ВК Нови Београд), or Novi Beograd Tehnomanija (for sponsorship reasons), is a professional water polo club based in New Belgrade, Serbia. As of 2025–26 season, the club competes in the Serbian Water Polo Super League, VRL Premier League and Champions League.
Landenberg Castle
Landenberg Castle is a ruined castle atop a hill in the municipality of Sarnen in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland.  In the 18th century an armory and firing range were built on the site.  The Landenberg Armory is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.  The ruins of the castle was the meeting place of the Landsgemeinde or Cantonal assembly for over three centuries.

Sarnen
Sarnen (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈzarnən] ⓘ) is a small historic town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Obwalden situated on the northern shores of Lake Sarnen (German: Sarnersee) in Switzerland. It has a population of just over 10,000 and is surrounded by countryside and mountains. Sarnen is located 20 km south of Lucerne.

The official language of Sarnen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Shane (name)
Shane is mainly a masculine given name. It is an anglicized version of the Irish name Séaghan/Séan, which itself is cognate to the name John. Shane comes from the way the name Seán is pronounced in the Ulster dialect of the Irish language, as opposed to Shaun or Shawn.

Shane is sometimes used as a feminine given name but it is very rare.

Shane is also a popular surname with the prefix "Mac", "Mc", or "O'", to form anglicized Irish surname patronyms. The surname was first recorded in Petty's census of Ireland (1659), which lists a Dermot McShane (i.e., Son of Shane).

Variant forms include O'Shane, O'Shea, Séamus, Seán or Sean, Shaine, Shauna, Shawna, Shay, Shayna, and Shayne.

The name Shane was popularized by Jack Schaefer's novel Shane (1949) and its eponymous 1953 movie adaptation, directed by George Stevens from a screenplay by A.B. Guthrie Jr.

O'Shane
O'Shane is a patronymic Irish surname evolved from the given name Shane, a derivative of John, of Hebrew origin. O'Shane is uncommon as a given name.  People with the name O'Shane include:

Pat O'Shane (born 1941), Australian magistrate

Tjandamurra O'Shane (b. 1990), Indigenous Australian who was the victim of a racial attack at the age of six
Man of the Hole
The Man of the Hole (c. 1960s – c. July 2022), or the Tanaru Indian, was an Indigenous person who lived alone in the Amazon rainforest in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. He was the sole inhabitant of the Tanaru Indigenous Territory, a protected Indigenous territory demarcated by the Brazilian government in 2007.

It is not known what language the Man of the Hole spoke (although it may have been Tupian), what his people called themselves, or what his name was. He was the last surviving member of his people following their genocide by Brazilian settlers in the 1970s–1990s and chose to remain isolated until his death in 2022. Living primarily by hunting and gathering and moving frequently, he left behind a deep hole of unknown purpose in each of his former homes, giving rise to his nickname. After surviving a further attack by armed ranchers in 2009, he was found dead in his home in August 2022.

Tanaru Indigenous Territory
The Tanaru Indigenous Territory (Portuguese: Terra Indígena Tanaru) is an indigenous territory in the Legal Amazon, with an area of approximately 8,070 hectares (19,900 acres), located in the southeast of the Brazilian state of Rondônia, inhabited by the Tanaru, Kanoê and Akuntsu. The area is registered with the CRI and the Union Heritage Secretariat (SPU) under ordinance no. 1,392 from October 2012 (DOU of 1 November 2012).

The region is named after the nearby Tanaru River, which is a hydronym from the Kanoê or Kwaza language isolates. The National Indigenous People Foundation (FUNAI) operates in this area through the "Cacoal" Regional Coordination and the Guaporé Ethnoenvironmental Protection Front (FPE-Guaporé).
Nick Pollock
Nicholas Pollock (born November 22, 1967) is an American guitarist and singer best known for his work with the Seattle grunge band My Sister's Machine. He has also played in various bands with other notable musicians, including Alice in Chains singer Layne Staley and Queensrÿche guitarist Michael Wilton. He graduated from Lindbergh High School in 1986.

Lindbergh High School (Washington)
Lindbergh High School  is a (senior) high school in the southeastern section of Renton, Washington, a suburb of Seattle, in the Renton School District. It is named after Charles A. Lindbergh, the famous aviator who was first to fly solo across the Atlantic in 1927. The school was founded in 1972. Freshmen, sophomores and juniors attended the first year, making the class of 1974 the first to graduate. Lindbergh's school motto is ad astra, which is Latin for "to the stars". The crest features the Spirit of St. Louis (the plane that Charles Lindbergh flew), and the school's motto flanked by stars with the dates 1927 and 1972, respectively.
Almirante Padilla-class frigate
The Almirante Padilla-class frigates is a series of frigates operated by the Colombian Navy. The designation of this class is Type FS 1500 and there are four ships in service. The ships were built by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) at Kiel, West Germany in the 1980s, with the first vessel commissioning in 1983 and the last in 1984. The frigates have undergone significant modification over their careers with the 2012 Orion Program Upgrade significantly modernising the vessels. Two similar ships operate as the Kasturi-class corvettes in the Royal Malaysian Navy.

Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft
Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (often abbreviated HDW) was a German shipbuilding company, headquartered in Kiel. It is now part of TKMS (ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems). The Howaldtswerke shipyard was founded in Kiel in 1838 and merged with Hamburg-based Deutsche Werft to form Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) in 1968. The company's shipyard was formerly used by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft until the end of World War II.
2005 Australian Open
The 2005 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 until 30 January 2005. Roger Federer was unsuccessful in defending his 2004 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by eventual champion Marat Safin in a rematch of the 2004 final. Safin defeated third-seed Lleyton Hewitt in the final in four sets. Justine Henin-Hardenne could not defend her 2004 title due to an injury suffered in the second half of 2004. Serena Williams, the champion in 2003, defeated Lindsay Davenport in the women's final. It marked the centenary of the inaugural tournament.

Robin Ammerlaan
Robin Ammerlaan (born 26 February 1968 in The Hague) is a Dutch former professional wheelchair tennis player. A former world No. 1 in both singles and doubles, Ammerlaan is a 14-time major champion and two-time Paralympic gold medalist. The right-handed player's favourite surface is carpet, and he was coached by Gert Bolk. His wheelchair is manufactured by Invacare. Ammerlaan ended his professional career after the 2012 London Paralympics.
Valentin Chmerkovskiy
Valentin Aleksandrovich "Val" Chmerkovskiy (born March 24, 1986) is a Ukrainian-American professional dancer, best known for his appearances on the U.S. version of Dancing with the Stars, which he has won three times. Chmerkovskiy is a two-time World Latin Dance Champion (Junior and Youth) and a 14-time U.S. National Latin Dance champion.

Ginger Zee
Ginger Renée Colonomos (née Zuidgeest; born January 13, 1981), known by her pseudonym Ginger Zee, is an American television personality. She is the chief meteorologist for ABC News, after having been the network's weekend meteorologist.
Luise Fleck
Luise Fleck, also known as Luise Kolm or Luise Kolm-Fleck, née Louise or Luise Veltée (1 August 1873–15 March 1950), was an Austrian film director, and has been considered the second ever female feature film director in the world, after Alice Guy-Blaché. She is also noted for her long-standing professional partnership and co-direction of films with her spouse Jacob Fleck. Her son from her first marriage, Walter Kolm-Veltée, was also a noted film director. Chronologically, however, the second female feature film director in the world after Alice Guy-Blaché was Ebba Lindkvist, having debuted as a film maker one year before Luise Fleck.

Ebba Lindkvist
Ebba Johanna Bergman Lindkvist, also Lindqvist, (1882–1942) was a Swedish actress and film director.

In 1910 she directed the short drama, Värmländingarna, which premièred in Sweden on 27 October 1910. As a result, she is considered the first woman to have become a film director in Sweden, creating her first film the year before Anna Hofman-Uddgren's Stockholmsfrestelser was premièred on 27 April 1911. She would chronologically be the second female feature film director in the world after Alice Guy-Blaché having debuted as a film maker in 1910, one year before both Anna Hofman-Uddgren and Luise Fleck.
Giant tapir
Tapirus augustus, also known as the giant tapir is an extinct species of large tapir that lived in East and Southeast Asia during the Pleistocene epoch. Remains have been reported from across southern China, as well as in Vietnam and Laos, spanning the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Evidence for a Holocene survival is considered questionable. Tapirus augustus is the largest known tapir, with an estimated weight of about 623 kilograms (1,373 lb). The species is often placed in its own genus Megatapirus, but its placement in a separate genus has been questioned.

Tapir
Tapirs (/ˈteɪpər/ TAY-pər) are large herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk (proboscis). Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America and Southeast Asia. They are one of three extant branches of Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), alongside equines and rhinoceroses. Only a single genus, Tapirus, is currently extant. Tapirs migrated into South America during the Pleistocene epoch from North America after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama as part of the Great American Interchange. Tapirs were present across North America, but became extinct in the region at the end of the Late Pleistocene, around 12,000 years ago.
Reginald Arthur Shooter
Reginald Arthur Shooter (4 April 1916 – 24 December 2013) was a British microbiologist.  He led the enquiry into the 1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom and was appointed a CBE in the 1980 Birthday Honours. He retired in 1981.

Reginald Shooter's oldest child, and only son, was Adrian Shooter, the railway manager best known for leading Chiltern Railways after the privatisation of British Rail and for forming the Vivarail engineering company.

1980 Birthday Honours
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1980 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen. They were published on 13 June 1980 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, Mauritius, Fiji, Bahamas, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
Kasbah of the Udayas
The Kasbah of the Udayas (Arabic: قصبة الأوداية, romanized: Qaṣbat al-Awdāya), also spelled Kasbah of the Oudaias or of the Oudayas, is a kasbah (citadel) in Rabat, Morocco. It is located on a hill at the mouth of the Bou Regreg opposite Salé, and adjacent to the Medina quarter of Rabat. It is listed, along with other sites in Rabat, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kasbah
A kasbah (/ˈkæzbɑː/, also US: /ˈkɑːz-/; Arabic: قصبة, romanized: qaṣaba, lit. 'fortress', Arabic pronunciation: [qasˤaba], Maghrebi Arabic: [qasˤba]), also spelled qasbah, qasba, qasaba, or casbah, is a fortress, most commonly the citadel or fortified quarter of a city. It is also equivalent to the term alcazaba in Spanish (Spanish: [alkaˈθaβa]), which is derived from the same Arabic word. By extension, the term can also refer to a medina quarter, particularly in Algeria. In various languages, the Arabic word, or local words borrowed from the Arabic word, can also refer to a settlement, a fort, a watchtower, or a blockhouse.
Patricia Ferguson
Patricia Josephine Ferguson (born 24 September 1958) is a British politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow West since 2024. Ferguson previously served as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn, previously Glasgow Maryhill, from 1999 to 2016. A member of the Labour Party, she was in the Scottish Cabinet of First Minister Jack McConnell from 2001 to 2007.

Ferguson was also a Glasgow City Council Councillor, until her resignation on 2 September 2024. She currently chairs the Scottish Affairs Select Committee in the House of Commons.

Glasgow West
Glasgow West is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. The constituency was created by the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies and was first contested at the 2024 general election, since when it has been represented by Patricia Ferguson of Scottish Labour.
Maximilien Strauch
Colonel Maximilien Charles Ferdinand Strauch (Lomprez, 4 October 1829 – Beez, 7 June 1911) was a Belgian officer who played a role in the colonization of the Congo Basin. He was a trusted advisor of King Leopold II of Belgium, who entrusted him with the functions of secretary-general of the Association internationale africaine (1878), secretary of the Comité d'études du Haut-Congo (1878) and chairman of the Association internationale du Congo (23 February 1885 – 1 July 1885).

Colonization of the Congo Basin
Colonization of the Congo Basin refers to the European colonization of the Congo Basin of tropical Africa. It was the last part of the continent to be colonized. By the end of the 19th century, the Basin had been carved up by European colonial powers into the Congo Free State, the French Congo and the Portuguese Congo (modern Cabinda Province of Angola).
Vellai Roja
Vellai Roja (transl. White Rose) is a 1983 Indian Tamil-language thriller film, directed by A. Jagannathan and written and A. L. Narayanan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Ambika, Prabhu and Radha. It is a remake of the 1982 Malayalam film Post Mortem. The film was released on 4 November 1983, and ran for 100 days in 13 centres.

Radha (actress)
Udaya Chandrika, better known by her screen name Radha (born 3 June 1965) is a former Indian actress,  who predominantly appeared in Telugu and Tamil films in addition to a few Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. She was one of the top heroines in the film industry for about a decade, from 1981 to 1991, dominating the 1980s era.

Her elder sister Ambika, was an actress. Ambika and Radha acted together in a number of films, during the peak of their careers. They also co-owned a movie studio called "ARS Studios" in 1986.  She appeared on television as one of the judges in the STAR Vijay Jodi Number One Season 7 and  Season 8 Reality Dance programs.
My Kitchen Rules (American TV series)
My Kitchen Rules is an American competitive cooking reality show, based on the original Australian format of the same name. The eight-episode series premiered on January 12, 2017 and is produced by 7 Beyond and broadcast on the Fox network.

The program sees teams of two take turns hosting a dinner party at their home, attempting to impress their fellow competitors as well as professional judges Curtis Stone and Cat Cora. Teams with the lowest score after each round are eliminated.

In 2012, American-based production company Kinetic Content acquired the format rights for an American version of the show during the MIPTV Media Market event in Cannes, France, however that series never eventuated.

Cat Cora
Catherine Ann Cora (born April 3, 1967) is an American professional chef, television personality, business person, and cookbook author. She is best known for her featured role as an "Iron Chef" on Iron Chef America and as co-host of Around the World in 80 Plates.
Achille Costa
Achille Costa (10 August 1823, Lecce – 17 November 1899 Rome) was an Italian zoologist working mainly in  entomology who was appointed director of the Zoological Museum of Naples. He founded the entomological collections in Naples and described many new species.

Achille Costa was the son of Oronzio Gabriele Costa. He made the greatest contribution to the entomological exploration of southern Italy and the Italian islands in the second half of the 19th century

Zoological Museum of Naples
The Zoological Museum of Naples, located in Naples, south Italy, was founded by Gioacchino Murat in 1811. The first curator was Luigi Petagna. The founding collections were those of the Royal Bourbon Museum and the private collection of Giuseppe Saverio Poli.

Later curators were: Giosuè Sangiovanni, Achille Costa (from 1860), Francesco Saverio Monticelli (from 1900). the museum was badly damaged in the Second World War but with Mario Salfi as Curator, it was restored between 1948 and 1970.

The museum is part of the University of Naples Federico II as Centro Musei delle Scienze Naturali. See PDF Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
Wilczyca
Wilczyca [vilˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dalików, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Dalików, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Poddębice, and 29 km (18 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Dalików
Gmina Dalików is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Dalików, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Poddębice and 28 km (17 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 112.7 square kilometres (43.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,650.
Suzanne Wesse
Suzanne Vasseur Wesse (January 16, 1914 – August 18, 1942) was a French member of the resistance during World War II. She was a member of the Baum Group, a collaborative anti-Nazi resistance organization.

Wesse was executed by the Nazis in 1942 for her activities.

Baum Group
The Baum Group was an anti-Nazi resistance group in Berlin, Germany. The Group's members were mostly Communist, Jewish, and young with many being teenagers or young adults.

The group printed and distributed anti-Nazi literature and organized activities. Its members were executed for setting fire to Das Sowjetparadies (The Soviet Paradise), an anti-Soviet exhibit in Berlin's Lustgarten.