hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Knox College, Otago
Knox College is a residential college, founded and operated by the Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand and affiliated with the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. The college is set in a 4.57 hectares (11.3 acres) landscaped site in Opoho on the opposite side of the Dunedin Botanic Gardens from the university.

As the second oldest residential college in New Zealand, Knox is also one of the more traditional colleges, having been founded in the mould of those at Oxbridge. Throughout the last century, Knox managed to maintain much of its distinctively collegiate institutional character while continually evolving to promote and maintain a welcoming and inclusive academic community for its student body, which has been co-educational since 1983. The college has produced 18 Rhodes Scholars, as well as several Gates Scholars and Fulbright Scholars.

Opoho
Ōpoho is a suburb of the New Zealand city of Dunedin. It sits on the western flank of Signal Hill, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northeast of the city centre, overlooking North East Valley and the Dunedin Botanic Gardens.
Yellow Turban Rebellion
The Yellow Turban Rebellion, alternatively translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, was a peasant revolt during the late Eastern Han dynasty of ancient China. The uprising broke out in 184 AD, during the reign of Emperor Ling. Although the main rebellion was suppressed by 185 AD, it took 21 years to fully subdue resisting areas and emerging rebellions, which was only achieved in 205 AD. The weakening of the imperial court and the rising political influence of autonomous regional military-governors, who helped suppress the rebellion, eventually led to rampant warlord dominance and the resultant Three Kingdoms period.

The rebellion, which took its name from the colour of the rebels' headwear (巾 jīn, defined as more of a scarf than a turban) marked an important point in the history of Taoism due to the rebel leaders' association with the then secret Taoist societies. The revolt was also used as the opening event in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Scarf
A scarf (pl.: scarves or scarfs) is a long piece of fabric that is worn on or around the neck, shoulders, or head. A scarf is used for warmth, sun protection, cleanliness, fashion, religious reasons, or to show support for a sports club or team. Scarves can be made from materials including wool, linen, silk, and cotton. It is a common type of neckwear and a perennial accessory.
Sam Black Church, West Virginia
Sam Black Church is an unincorporated community in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. It is located at the intersection of Interstate 64 and U.S. Route 60 on the Midland Trail, a National Scenic Byway. The community is named for the Sam Black Church, a Registered Historic Place built in 1902 which is nearby. Reverend Sam Black was a Southern Methodist preacher and circuit rider who preached an area stretching multiple counties from Kanawha County to Greenbrier County and helping to establish numerous churches in the area. He died on July 13, 1899, at the age of 86.

Sam Black Church
Sam Black Church, known today as Sam Black United Methodist Church, is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church located at Sam Black Church near the unincorporated community of Smoot in Greenbrier County, West Virginia.

The historic white frame church was built in 1902 and named in honor of Reverend Sam Black, a circuit-riding Southern Methodist preacher who died in 1899. It is a small one story building with a gable roof. It features a square, open bell tower with a hipped roof. It is located at the intersection of Interstate 64 and U.S. Route 60 on the Midland Trail, a National Scenic Byway.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
BlueWhale (UUV)
The BlueWhale, designated ELI-3325, is an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) manufactured by a joint venture of the Israeli defense firm ELTA Systems and Atlas Elektronik. It is used to gather information using radar, SIGINT and communications technologies. It made its public debut at the International Maritime Defence Exhibition (IMDEX) Asia 2025 defence expo in Singapore on 6-8 May 2025.

ELTA Systems
ELTA Systems Ltd (ELTA) is an Israeli defense technology company specializing in designing, developing, and producing advanced electronic systems and sensors. ELTA is a group and subsidiary of the government-owned Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), and its product portfolio encompassing radars, ELINT, COMINT, special mission aircraft, electronic warfare, communications, autonomous ground vehicles, underwater systems and cybersecurity defense systems. The company's products are utilized by defense forces, homeland security, and law enforcement organizations worldwide.

ELTA has been a major contributor to Israeli national security and is a winner of 15 Israel Defense Prizes - Israel's highest defense award. Amongst the awards are the Green Pine Radars for ballistic detection under the Arrow weapon system, the MMR radars, under Iron Dome and under David Sling systems, and in 2025 - the three outstanding AEW, SIGINT and ISTAR Special Mission Aircraft.
Sir Charles Bunbury, 6th Baronet
Sir Thomas Charles Bunbury, 6th Baronet (1 May 1740–31 March 1821), was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1761 and 1812. He also was an important breeder in the development of Thoroughbred racehorses; the Bunbury Cup was named in his honour.

Smolensko (horse)
Smolensko (1810 – 10 January 1829) was a Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1813 Epsom Derby and 2,000 Guineas Stakes. Smolensko raced for two years and was retired to stud in 1815. He stood for seven years for his breeder, Charles Bunbury, and spent the remainder of his stud career in Surrey and Suffolk. Before his death at age 19 in 1829, he sired the filly Gulnare (winner of the 1827 Epsom Oaks) and the colt Jerry (winner of the 1824 St. Leger Stakes).
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of physical science. It is published by Springer on behalf of National Academy of Sciences, India four times a year, and is edited by Jai Pal Mittal.

National Academy of Sciences, India
The National Academy of Sciences, India, also known as NASI, was established in 1930 and is the oldest science academy of India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Prof. Meghnad Saha was the founder president.
Convex metric space
In mathematics, convex metric spaces are, intuitively, metric spaces with the property any "segment" joining two points in that space has other points in it besides the endpoints.

Formally, consider a  metric space (X, d) and let x and y be two points in X. A point z in X is said to be between x and y if all three points are distinct, and

that is, the triangle inequality becomes an equality. A convex metric space is a metric space (X, d) such that, for any two distinct points x and y in X, there exists a third point z in X lying between x and y.

Metric convexity:

does not imply convexity in the usual sense for subsets of Euclidean space (see the example of the rational numbers)

nor does it imply path-connectedness (see the example of the rational numbers)

nor does it imply geodesic convexity for Riemannian manifolds (consider, for example, the Euclidean plane with a closed disc removed).

Geodesic convexity
In mathematics — specifically, in Riemannian geometry — geodesic convexity is a natural generalization of convexity for sets and functions to Riemannian manifolds. It is common to drop the prefix "geodesic" and refer simply to "convexity" of a set or function.
Communauté de communes de l'Auxillois
The Communauté de communes de l'Auxillois is a former communauté de communes in the Pas-de-Calais département and in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais région of France. It was created in January 1999. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes du Ternois in January 2017.

Communauté de communes du Ternois
The Communauté de communes du Ternois is a communauté de communes, an intercommunal structure, in the Pas-de-Calais and Somme departments, in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It was created in January 2017 by the merger of the former communautés de communes L'Auxillois, Région de Frévent, Le Pernois and Vertes Collines du Saint-Polois. Its area is 633.6 km2, and its population was 38,158 in 2018. Its seat is in Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise.
Sahamamy
Sahamamy is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Amparafaravola, which is a part of Alaotra-Mangoro Region. The population of the commune is not known, but in 2013 elections there had been 3942 authorized voters.

Amparafaravola District
Anparafaravola District is a district in the Alaotra-Mangoro region in Madagascar. Its capital is Amparafaravola. The district has an area of 4,623 km2 (1,785 sq mi), and the estimated population in 2020 was 338,494.
Fannin Battleground State Historic Site
The Fannin Battleground State Historic Site commemorates the Battle of Coleto Creek, a battle of the Texas Revolution, fought on March 19 and 20, 1836 between Texian forces commanded by Col. James W. Fannin and the Mexican Army commanded by Mexican General Jose de Urrea. Eventually surrounded and outnumbered, Fannin surrendered to the Mexican Army. He and his troops were executed several days later at nearby Presidio La Bahia.

Fannin Battleground State Historic Site is located east of Goliad in Goliad County, Texas. The citizens of Goliad County donated the 14-acre battleground to the State of Texas around 1913. The state originally named it Fannin State Park. The site is currently operated by the Texas Historical Commission and features a stone obelisk, interpretive exhibit, group pavilion, and picnic area.

James Fannin
James Walker Fannin Jr. (January 1, 1804 – March 27, 1836) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Texian Army during the Texas Revolution. After being outnumbered and surrendering to the Mexican Army at the Battle of Coleto Creek, Fannin and his fellow prisoners of war were massacred soon afterward at Goliad, Texas, under Antonio López de Santa Anna's orders. He was memorialized in several place names, including a military training camp and a major city street in Houston.
Almost Mathieu operator
In mathematical physics, the almost Mathieu operator, named for its similarity to the Mathieu operator introduced by Émile Léonard Mathieu, arises in the study of the quantum Hall effect. It is given by

acting as a self-adjoint operator on the Hilbert space . Here  are parameters. In pure mathematics, its importance comes from the fact of being one of the best-understood examples of an ergodic Schrödinger operator.  For example, three problems (now all solved) of Barry Simon's fifteen problems about Schrödinger operators "for the twenty-first century" featured the almost Mathieu operator. In physics, the almost Mathieu operators can be used to study metal to insulator transitions like in the Aubry–André model.

For , the almost Mathieu operator is sometimes called Harper's equation.

Mathieu function
In mathematics, Mathieu functions, sometimes called angular Mathieu functions, are solutions of Mathieu's differential equation

where a, q are real-valued parameters. Since we may add π/2 to x to change the sign of q, it is a usual convention to set q ≥ 0.

They were first introduced by Émile Léonard Mathieu, who encountered them while studying vibrating elliptical drumheads. They have applications in many fields of the physical sciences, such as optics, quantum mechanics, and general relativity. They tend to occur in problems involving periodic motion, or in the analysis of partial differential equation (PDE) boundary value problems possessing elliptic symmetry.
SVGV Higher Secondary School, Kidangannoor
SVGV Higher Secondary School, also known as Sree Vijayananda Gurukula Vidyalaya Higher Secondary School or SVGVHSS Kidangannoor, is a secondary school in Kidangannoor, near Aranmula, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India. The school was founded in 1942. The school is known through Kerala School Kalolsavam.

Kidangannoor
Kidangannoor  is a town in the extreme west end of Pathanamthitta district in the state of Kerala, India. It is on the route between Aranmula (famous for its boat races) and Pandalam. It is well connected to various places such as Thiruvalla(20 km),Chengannur (9.5 km), Pandalam (9.5 km), Aranmula (4 km), Kozhencherry (8 km), Pathanamthitta (18 km) by different roads. It is one of the fastest-growing villages in Kerala. It is about 2 km from the border of Pathanamthitta & Alappuzha districts( Elimukku junction). It is about 4.5 km east of Mulakkuzha from MC road.
Calvos e Frades
Calvos e Frades is a freguesia ("civil parish") in the municipality of Póvoa de Lanhoso, northern Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes of Calvos and Frades. The population in 2011 was 753, in an area of 8.72 km2. The Calvos Oak is a protected five-century-old oak tree in Calvos.

Calvos Oak
The Calvos Oak  (Portuguese: Carvalho de Calvos) is a European oak located in the parish of Calvos, in Póvoa de Lanhoso, Portugal.  It is estimated to be about 510 years old, as of 2015 it stands 30 m (98 ft) tall and had a diameter at breast height of 7.62 m (25 ft) with a canopy diameter of 37 m (121 ft). It is considered to be the oldest oak in the Iberian Peninsula.
Victorian Trades Hall
Victorian Trades Hall is the headquarters of the Victorian Trades Hall Council in Australia. It is located on the corner of Lygon and Victoria streets, just north of the Melbourne central business district in the suburb of Carlton. It is the oldest trade union building in the world.

Victoria Street, Melbourne
Victoria Street is one of the major thoroughfares of inner Melbourne, running east–west for over six kilometres between Munster Terrace in North Melbourne and the Yarra River. The road is known as Victoria Parade for over one-and-a-half kilometres of its length (between the prominent intersections of Spring Street and Hoddle Street), distinguishable with a wide reservation and tramway down the middle.

Victoria Street touches the north-east corner of the Hoddle Grid at the intersection of La Trobe Street and Spring Street, opposite the Carlton Gardens. After crossing the Yarra river over Victoria Bridge the street continues as Barkers Road.

The road is well known for being an arterial road for cross-city traffic and for featuring the Queen Victoria Market, Victoria Parade hospital precinct and Melbourne's Little Saigon.
1989 Mississippi College Choctaws football team
The 1989 Mississippi College Choctaws football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi College in the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 1989 NCAA Division II football season. In their 18th season under head coach John M. Williams, the Choctaws compiled an 11–3 record (6–2 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 376 to 160.

The team advanced to the NCAA Division II playoff, ultimately defeating Jacksonville State in the national championship game. It was the school's only national football championship. However, in January 1993, the NCAA vacated the national championship after concluding that the program had gained a "tremendous competitive advantage" based on multiple violations, including awarding twice as many scholarships as was allowed, providing extra benefits to student-athletes, and allowing 12 "partial qualifiers" to participate in practice sessions with the football team on a routine basis.

1989 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team
The 1989 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team represented Jacksonville State University as a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 1989 NCAA Division II football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Bill Burgess, the Gamecocks compiled an overall record of 13–1 with a mark of 8–0 in conference play, winning the GSC title. For the second consecutive season, Jacksonville State advanced to the NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs, beating Alabama A&M in the first round, North Dakota State in the quarterfinals, and Angelo State in the semifinals, before losing to Mississippi College in the championship game. In 1993, the NCAA vacated Mississippi College's championship as a result of numerous violations, but the Gamecocks are still recognized as runner-up.
Iya Arepina
Iya Alexeyevna Arepina (Russian: И́я Алексе́евна Аре́пина; July 2, 1930 in Ardatov – July 24, 2003 in Moscow) was a Soviet/Russian actress.

She was named Best Actress at the 1955 Cannes Film Festival for her performance in Bolshaya Semya, directed by Iosif Kheifits.

Ardatov (town), Republic of Mordovia
Ardatov (Russian: Арда́тов; Erzya: Орданьбуе, Ordańbuje) is a town and the administrative center of Ardatovsky District of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia, located on the Alatyr River 114 kilometers (71 mi) northeast of Saransk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 9,400.
Emilio Sánchez
Emilio Ángel Sánchez Vicario (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmiljo ˈaŋxel ˈsantʃeθ βiˈkaɾjo]; born 29 May 1965) is a Spanish former doubles world No. 1 tennis player. He won five Grand Slam doubles titles and the men's doubles silver medal at the 1988 Olympic Games. Sánchez is the elder brother of multiple Grand Slam winner Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, with whom he partnered to win the Hopman Cup in 1990. After retiring, he captained Spain to Davis Cup victory in 2008.

Tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's doubles
The United States' Ken Flach and Robert Seguso defeated Spain's Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(1–7), 9–7 to win the gold medal in Men's Singles tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics. It was the second consecutive American victory in the event (though tennis had been discontinued from the Olympics in the intervening 64 years) and its record-equaling third gold overall. Czechoslovaka's Miloslav Mečíř and Milan Šrejber and Sweden's Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd won the bronze medals. It was the first medal in the event for Spain, Sweden, and Czechoslovakia.

The tournament was held from 23 September to 1 October at the Seoul Olympic Park Tennis Center in Seoul, South Korea. There were 62 players (31 pairs) from 31 nations, with the Colombian pair withdrawing. Each nation had only one pair. There was no bronze-medal match.
Lawrin
Lawrin (May 15, 1935 – September 1, 1955) was an American thoroughbred racehorse owned by Herbert M. Woolf who won the 1938 Kentucky Derby. He was the son of Insco. He is the only Kansas-bred winner of the Kentucky Derby and the first Kentucky Derby winner ridden by the great jockey Eddie Arcaro. Lawrin died in 1955 and was buried next to his sire, Insco, on Woolford Farm in what would become Prairie Village, Kansas. One can still visit his grave in the cul-de-sac at 59 Le Mans Court, Prairie Village, just northwest of Mission Road & Somerset.

Woolford Farm
Woolford Farm raised thoroughbred race horses in eastern Kansas, in what is now the city of Prairie Village, a suburb of Kansas City. The 200-acre (0.81 km2) was owned by Herbert M. Woolf. Trainer Ben A. Jones worked there before going to Calumet Farm in Lexington, Kentucky.
Woolf had hired Ben Jones after he had established a reputation of training and breeding horses at the family ranch in Parnell, Missouri.  Ben was accompanied by his son Jimmy Jones.  After Lawrin won the Kentucky Derby the two trainers went to work for Warren Wright, Sr. at Calumet Farm.  At Calumet the two trained seven horses that won the Kentucky Derby including two Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing winners.

Graded stakes race wins:

Kentucky Derby - (1938), Lawrin

Kentucky Oaks - (1940), Inscolassie
Valeri Gurjua
Valeri Gurjua was Head of Abkhazia's Arbitration Court from its founding in 1996 until 1 February 2013, when he was granted resignation due to reaching the age limit of 65 years. He was also a member of the First Convocation of the People's Assembly (1992–1996).

People's Assembly of Abkhazia
The People's Assembly – Parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia (Abkhaz: Аԥсны Жәлар Реизара – Апарламент, romanized: Apsny Žwlar Reizara – Aparlament, Georgian: აფხაზეთის ე.წ რესპუბლიკის სახალხო კრება, romanized: apkhazetis e.ts' resp'ublik'is sakhalkho k'reba, Russian: Народное Собрание – Парламент Республики Абхазия, romanized: Narodnoye Sobraniye – Parlament Respubliki Abkhaziya) is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Abkhazia.
Bonane Heritage Park
Bonane Heritage Park is a private archaeological preserve and tourist attraction between Bonane and Kenmare in County Kerry, Ireland.

The area is surrounded by the Sheehy and Caha Mountains. It is home to a number of archaeological remains, including ring fort and stone circle sites. Some studies have indicated that some of these  archaeological remains "may well have had an astronomical significance".

Bonane
Bonane or Bunane (Irish: An Bunán) is a small village in County Kerry, Ireland, approximately 10 kilometres from Kenmare. It is within the Sheen River valley, between the Sheehy and Caha Mountains. The area is home to a number of archaeological sites.
Caddie Woodlawn
Caddie Woodlawn is a children's historical fiction novel by Carol Ryrie Brink that received the Newbery Medal in 1936 and a Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958. The original 1935 edition was illustrated by Newbery-award-winning author and illustrator Kate Seredy. Macmillan released a later edition in 1973, illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman.

Trina Schart Hyman
Trina Schart Hyman (April 8, 1939 – November 19, 2004) was an American illustrator of children's books. She illustrated over 150 books, including fairy tales and Arthurian legends. She won the 1985 Caldecott Medal for U.S. picture book illustration, recognizing Saint George and the Dragon, retold by Margaret Hodges.
Zagreb–Belgrade railway
The Zagreb–Belgrade railway (Croatian: Pruga Zagreb-Beograd) was the Yugoslav Railways′ 412-kilometre (256 mi) long railway line connecting the cities of Zagreb and Belgrade in SR Croatia and SR Serbia, at the time of the SFR Yugoslavia.

It was the route of the Orient Express service from 1919 to 1977.

Electrification was finished in 1970. It was the first fully electrified line in Croatia with a 25 kV 50 AC system (Zagreb-Rijeka was electrified earlier, but with an older 3 kV DC system).

Since the breakup of Yugoslavia, it was split into the Zagreb-Tovarnik railway and the Belgrade–Šid railway, operated by Croatian Railways and Serbian Railways, respectively.

Zagreb-Tovarnik railway
Zagreb-Tovarnik railway is a vernacular term for a consecutive series of railways operated by Croatian Railways:

M102 railway (Croatia), the railway connecting Zagreb Glavni Kolodvor and Dugo Selo

M103 railway (Croatia), the railway connecting Dugo Selo and Novska

M104 railway (Croatia), the railway connecting Novska and Tovarnik