hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Adrianople (1829)
The Treaty of Adrianople (also called the Treaty of Edirne) concluded the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29, between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The terms favored Russia, which gained access to the mouths of the Danube and new territory on the Black Sea. The treaty opened the Dardanelles to all commercial vessels, granted autonomy to Serbia, and promised autonomy for Greece. It also allowed Russia to occupy Moldavia and Walachia until the Ottoman Empire had paid a large indemnity; those indemnities were later reduced. The treaty was signed on 14 September 1829 in Adrianople by Count Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov of Russia and Abdülkadir Bey of the Ottoman Empire.

Akhaltsikhe
Akhaltsikhe (Georgian: ახალციხე [äχäɫt̪͡s̪ʰiχe̞]), formerly known as Lomsia (Georgian: ლომსია [ɫo̞ms̪iä]), is a small city in Georgia's southwestern region (mkhare) of Samtskhe–Javakheti. It is the administrative center of the Akhaltsikhe Municipality and the Samtskhe–Javakheti region. It is situated on both banks of the small river Potskhovi (a left tributary of the Kura), which divides the city between the old city in the north and new in the south.

The 9th-century Akhaltsikhe (Rabati) Castle, which was recently restored, is located in the old part of the city. It is one of the main attractions of the Samtskhe–Javakheti region, along with Vardzia, Vale, Okrostsikhe and Zarzma.
Pskov Chronicles
The Pskov Chronicles are a set of three Rus' chronicles of the late Middle Ages concerning the Pskov Land and the Pskov Republic that have survived in several manuscripts. They are simply known as the First, Second, and Third Pskov Chronicle, or the Pskov First, Second, and Third Chronicle. At the earliest, the Pskovian chronicle writing tradition emerged in the 13th century, but more likely in the 14th century, as the city of Pskov (Pleskov) was gradually establishing its autonomy and eventual independence from the Novgorod Republic.

Pskov Land
The Pskov Land (Russian: Псковская земля, romanized: Pskovskaya zemlya) was a historical region in the north-west of medieval Russia centred around the city of Pskov. It was a vassal state of various Rus' states and had a measure of independence as Pskov Republic before being annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. It had an important role in the trade and conflicts between Russia and its western neighbours.
Fukiage-shuku
Fukiage-shuku (吹上宿, Fukiage-shuku) was a mid-station along the Nakasendō in Edo period Japan. It was in between the post stations of Kōnosu-juku and Kumagai-juku. It is located in the present-day town of Kōnosu, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In addition to being a rest stop along the Nakasendō, it was also an officially designated post station on the Nikkō Wakiōkan.

Ai no shuku
Ai no Shuku (間の宿, mid-station) were unofficial post stations along historical routes in Japan. These post stations formed organically along routes (such as the Tōkaidō and the Nakasendō) when the distance between two places was too far or when there were difficult passes nearby. Because they were not officially designated rest areas, travelers along the roads were not allowed to stay in these post stations. Sometimes the Japanese is shortened to 間宿.
The Death of Achilles
The Death of Achilles (Russian: Смерть Ахиллеса) is the fourth novel in the Erast Fandorin historical detective series by Russian writer  Boris Akunin. Its subtitle is детектив о наемном убийце ("a detective novel about a murderer-for-hire").  It was originally published in Russian in 1998; the English translation was released in 2006.

Boris Akunin
Grigori Chkhartishvili (Russian: Григорий Шалвович Чхартишвили, romanized: Grigoriy Shalvovich Chkhartishvili; Georgian: გრიგორი ჩხარტიშვილი), better known by his pen name Boris Akunin (Russian: Борис Акунин, born 20 May 1956), is a Georgian and Russian writer residing in the United Kingdom. He is best known as a writer of historical fiction, specifically his Erast Fandorin detective novels. He is also an essayist and literary translator. Grigory Chkhartishvili has also written under pen names Anatoly Brusnikin, Anna Borisova, and Akunin-Chkhartishvili. His characters include Erast Fandorin, Nicholas Fandorin and Sister Pelagia.
Thomas Hollis Historic District
The Thomas Hollis Historic District encompasses the historic civic and commercial heart of Holliston, Massachusetts.  It extends along Washington Street (Massachusetts Routes 16 and 126 for about one mile, between Winter Street and Highland Street.  Incorporated in 1724, this area now includes a well-preserved collection of predominantly 19th century architecture.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Holliston, Massachusetts
Holliston is a New England town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States in the Greater Boston area. The population was 14,996 at the 2020 census. It is located in MetroWest, a Massachusetts region that is west of Boston. Holliston is the only town in Middlesex County that borders both Norfolk and Worcester counties.
Complex of Sultan Bayezid II
The Complex of Sultan Bayezid II (Turkish: Sultan II Bayezid Külliyesi) is a külliye located in Edirne, Turkey. It was built in 1488 by the Ottoman architect Mimar Hayruddin for the Sultan Bayezid II (reigned 1481–1512).

The complex contains a Dar al-Shifa (Turkish darüşşifa, "hospital, medical center"), and it remained in operation for four centuries from 1488 until the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78). The hospital was especially notable for its treatment methods for mental disorders, which included the use of music, water sound and scents.

The historic darüşşifa was incorporated into the structure of Edirne-based Trakya University in 1993, and converted into the Complex of Sultan Bayezid II Health Museum in 1997, a museum dedicated to the history of medicine and health matters in general. The complex was inscribed in the Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey in 2016.

Edirne
Edirne (US: /eɪˈdɪərnə, ɛˈ-/; Turkish: [e.ˈdiɾ.ne]), historically known as Orestias, Orestiada, Adrianople, or Adriana is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Greek and 20 km (12 mi) from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second capital city of the Ottoman Empire from the 1360s to 1453, before Constantinople became its capital.

The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District. Its population is 180,002 (2022).
Duke Tritton
Harold Percival Croydon "Duke" Tritton (1886-1965) was an Australian poet, folk singer and shearer. His best-known poem, The Sandy Hollow Line, described the hardships of unemployed workers who were given 'sustenance' or 'susso' work such as the construction the Sandy Hollow Maryvale Railway during the Great Depression. The poem was set to music by John Dengate and was subsequently recorded by local artists including Warren Fahey.

Tritton was an early member of the Sydney Bush Music Club, which formed in 1954. He assisted John Meredith in collecting old bush songs. His autobiography, Time Means Tucker, was published by The Bulletin in 1959. This publication was a great success and was re-printed numerous times.

Sandy Hollow–Gulgong railway line
The Sandy Hollow–Gulgong railway line is a railway line in New South Wales, Australia. The line forms a cross country connection from the Main North line in the Upper Hunter region to the Gwabegar line in the Central West region. The line is approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) in length. From the Gwabegar line, trains can then ultimately reach the Main West line creating a circuitous bypass of Sydney for freight traffic heading between the west and north of New South Wales. The line was opened in 1985.
2023 Speedway Grand Prix
The 2023 Speedway Grand Prix season was the 29th season of the Speedway Grand Prix era, and decided the 78th FIM Speedway World Championship. It was the second series promoted by Discovery Sports Events.

Bartosz Zmarzlik was the defending champion, having won the 2022 title.

Zmarzlik successfully retained the title, winning a fourth championship, despite being disqualified from round nine in Denmark. He beat Fredrik Lindgren by eight points, with Martin Vaculík securing the bronze medal. During the championships, Zmarzlik secured four Grand Prix wins after the Latvian Grand Prix, which equalled the 22 career Grand Prix wins of fellow Pole Tomasz Gollob. He then went on to win a fifth Grand Prix, which equalled the all-time record of 23 held by Jason Crump.

Speedway World Championship
The World Championship of Speedway is an international competition between the highest-ranked motorcycle speedway riders of the world, run under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). The first official championships were held in 1936.

Today, the championship is organised as a series of Speedway Grand Prix events, where points are awarded according to performance in the event and tallied up at the end of each season. However, up to 1994, it was usually run as a single-night event after qualifying rounds during the season, leading up to a final consisting of 20 heats, where points were awarded according to riders' heat placings and then tallied up at the end.

Before the World Championship received its formal recognition from the ACU and the FIM in 1936, other unofficial Speedway World Championships were staged between 1931 and 1935, in Europe, South America and Australasia, such as the Star Riders' Championship.
Euronova TV
Euronova TV is a television station in Moldova. Its headquarters are in Ungheni.

It provides news of public interest from a number of areas. Euronova TV is a member of Euronova Media Group Holding, which includes Albasat TV and the radio station Vocea Basarabiei.

Ungheni
Ungheni (Romanian pronunciation: [uŋˈɡenʲ] ⓘ) is a city, municipality and the seat of Ungheni District in the Republic of Moldova.

There is a bridge across the Prut and a border checkpoint to Romania. There is another border town with the same name in Romania (Ungheni, Iași), on the other side of the Prut River.
Puppet on a Chain
Puppet on a Chain is a novel by Scottish author Alistair MacLean. Originally published in 1969 with a cover by Norman Weaver, it is set in the late 1960s narcotics underworld of Amsterdam and other locations in the Netherlands.

Norman Weaver
Norman Weaver (1913–1989) FSIAD, FZS, was an English artist and photographer who illustrated scientific texts, advertisements and postage stamps and drew book covers for action authors such as Alistair MacLean and Desmond Bagley. During the Second World War he worked as a cartographer for the Allies and was briefly employed as "General Eisenhower's personal map-maker". In 1983 he retired to the Isle of Wight, where he painted large watercolour landscapes of the island and continued to pursue his interest in photography.
The Robesonian
The Robesonian is a newspaper published in Lumberton, North Carolina, Tuesday through Friday afternoon and Saturday and Sunday morning.

The Robesonian traces its heritage back to 1870, when it was established by W.S. McDiamid, a Baptist preacher. The Robesonian was previously owned by Heartland Publications. In 2012 Versa Capital Management merged Heartland Publications, Ohio Community Media, the former Freedom papers it had acquired, and Impressions Media into a new company, Civitas Media. Civitas Media sold its properties in the Carolinas to Champion Media in 2017.

Lumberton, North Carolina
Lumberton is a city in and the county seat of Robeson County, North Carolina, United States. As of 2020, its population was 19,025.

Located in southern North Carolina's Inner Banks region, Lumberton is located on the Lumber River. It was founded in 1787 by John Willis, an officer in the American Revolution. This was developed as a shipping point for lumber used by the Navy, and logs were guided downriver to Georgetown, South Carolina. Most of the town's growth took place after World War II.

David Lynch's 1986 film Blue Velvet was set in Lumberton; however filming took place in Wilmington.
Winnipeg Metropolitan Region
The Winnipeg Metropolitan Region (formerly called the Winnipeg Capital Region and the Manitoba Capital Region) is a metropolitan area in the Canadian province of Manitoba located in the Red River Valley in the southeast portion of the province of Manitoba, Canada. It contains the provincial capital of Winnipeg and 17 surrounding rural municipalities, cities, and towns.

Other places in the region besides Winnipeg with a population over 1,000 are the city of Selkirk; towns of Stonewall and Niverville; and communities of Oakbank, Oak Bluff, Stony Mountain, Teulon, and Lorette. As the most densely-populated and economically-important area of Manitoba, the region accounts for two-thirds of the province's population and 70% of the provincial GDP as of 2021.

It also includes the smaller census metropolitan area (CMA) of Winnipeg, with the addition of the Brokenhead 4 Indian Reserve.

Oakbank, Manitoba
Oakbank is an unincorporated community in Manitoba, Canada located about 15 km east of the provincial capital Winnipeg, in the Rural Municipality of Springfield.

It has a population of about 5,000, making it the largest unincorporated community in the province of Manitoba.  Starting off as a small, largely rural community, Oakbank is now a dormitory town, or bedroom community, for Winnipeg, as a majority of the residents work in that city. Its rapid population growth is representative of small towns in the Winnipeg Capital Region, with two new housing developments being expanded in the town.
Chłopy
Chłopy [ˈxwɔpɨ] (German: Bauerhufen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mielno, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Koszalin and 131 km (81 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1637 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 223.

Gmina Mielno
Gmina Mielno is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Mielno, a resort on the Baltic Sea coast.

The gmina covers an area of 62.54 square kilometres (24.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,068.
Inalchuq
Inalchuq (or Inalchuk) (died 1219) was governor of Otrar in the Khwarezmian Empire in the early 13th century, known mainly for helping to provoke the successful and catastrophic invasion of Khwarezmia by Genghis Khan.

Inalchuq was an uncle of Sultan Muhammad II of Khwarezmia. His name meant "little Inal" in his native Turkic, and he held the title Ghayir-Khan.

Muhammad II of Khwarazm
'Alā' al-Din Muhammad II (Persian: علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه; full name: Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath Muhammad Sanjar ibn Tekish) was the Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire from 3 August 1200 to 11 January 1221. His ancestor was Anushtegin Gharchai, a Turkic Ghulam who eventually became a viceroy of a small province in Central Asia named Khwarazm. He was subjected to the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, which resulted in the utter destruction of his empire.
Rucăr–Bran Pass
The Rucăr–Bran Pass, also called in English the Bran Pass (German: Törzburger Pass, Hungarian: Törcsvári-szoros), is a mountain pass in Romania, linking the counties of Brașov and Argeș. It has some of the most spectacular natural views in Romania, looking over the Bucegi Mountains of the Southern Carpathians.

The Pass starts in the commune of Rucăr, Argeș County, and runs for about 34 kilometres (21 miles) in a northeasterly direction. The communes of Fundata (including Șirnea village) and Moieciu, both in Brașov County, lie within the Pass, which ends in Bran. National road DN73 runs through the Pass, connecting the city of  Pitești, 76 km (47 mi) southwest of Rucăr, to the city of Brașov, 29 km (18 mi) northeast of Bran. The Pass reaches a maximum elevation of 1,300 m (4,300 ft) in Fundata.

Rucăr
Rucăr is a commune located in the north-eastern part of Argeș County, Romania, situated in the Carpathian Mountains. The commune is composed of two villages, Rucăr and Sătic, and its population as of 2021 was 5,259. Historically important for its role as a border region between Wallachia and its neighboring countries, it is today popular with tourists from Bran Castle.
1979 Rhein-Pokalrennen
The 14th Rhein-Pokalrennen (Rhine-Cup Race), was the Round Eight of the 1979 European Championship for F2 Drivers. This was the second time F2 visited the Hockenheimring, during the 1979 season, with the race on 10 June.

Stephen South
Stephen South (born 19 February 1952) is a British former racing driver from England. He was educated at Harrow County School for Boys.

He is chiefly known for winning the 1977 BRDC Vandervell British F3 Championship. His only Formula One entry was at the 1980 United States Grand Prix West with McLaren standing in for Alain Prost who was injured, but South failed to qualify. His career was ended later that year when part of one leg was amputated after an accident during practice for a Can-Am race at the Circuit Trois-Rivières in Quebec, Canada.
Lovers in Prague
Lovers in Prague (Korean: 프라하의 연인) is a 2005 South Korean television drama series starring Jeon Do-yeon, Kim Joo-hyuk, Kim Min-jun and Yoon Se-ah. It aired on SBS from September 24 to November 20, 2005 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:45 for 18 episodes.

It is the second of three TV series in the Lovers trilogy by writer Kim Eun-sook and director Shin Woo-chul. This was preceded by Lovers in Paris (2004), and the third, simply titled Lovers (2006), was not set in Europe like the first two.

Kim Eun-sook
Kim Eun-sook (Korean: 김은숙; born 1973) is a South Korean screenwriter. She wrote the popular television dramas Lovers in Paris (2004), Secret Garden (2010), A Gentleman's Dignity (2012), The Heirs (2013), Descendants of the Sun (2016), Guardian: The Lonely and Great God (2016–2017), Mr. Sunshine (2018), The King: Eternal Monarch (2020),The Glory (2022–2023) and Genie, Make a Wish (2025).
Maria Tănase
Maria Tănase (Romanian pronunciation: [maˈri.a təˈnase]; 25 September 1913 – 22 June 1963) was a Romanian singer and actress. Her music ranged from traditional Romanian music to romance, tango, chanson,  and operetta.

Tănase has a similar importance in Romania as Édith Piaf in France or Amália Rodrigues in Portugal. In her nearly three-decade-long career, she became widely regarded as Romania's national diva, being admired for her originality, voice, physical beauty and charisma. In Romania, she is still regarded as a major cultural icon of the 20th century. In 2006 she was included in the list of the 100 Greatest Romanians of all time by a nationwide poll.

Among her songs are Cine iubește și lasă (1937), Leliță cârciumăreasă (1939), Bun îi vinul ghiurghiuliu (1938), Doina din Maramureș (1956), Ciuleandra (1956), Lume, lume (1966), and Până când nu te iubeam.

100 Greatest Romanians
In 2006, Romanian Television (Televiziunea Română, TVR) conducted a vote to determine whom the general public considered the 100 Greatest Romanians of all time, in a version of the British TV show 100 Greatest Britons. The resulting series, Great Romanians (Romanian: Mari Români), included individual programmes on the top ten, with viewers having further opportunities to vote after each programme. It concluded with a debate. On 21 October, TVR announced that the "greatest Romanian of all time" according to the voting was Stephen the Great.
Guillaume Duprat
Guillaume Duprat (1507–1560) was a French bishop. He founded the Collège de Clermont in Paris.

He was born at Issoire, son of the chancellor and Cardinal Antoine Duprat.  He was appointed Bishop of Clermont in 1529; later he took part in the last sessions of the Council of Trent. He was a patron of the Jesuits. Not only did he receive them in his diocese, where they were put in charge of the colleges of Billom and Mauriac, but, in the face of opposition, he helped them financially and in other ways, in particular by founding the Collège de Clermont, so called after his episcopal city. He died at Beauregard.

Mauriac, Cantal
Mauriac (French pronunciation: [moʁjak] ⓘ; Occitan: [mawɾiˈak]) is a commune in the Cantal department in the Auvergne region in south-central France.

It lies 63 kilometres (39 mi) north-northwest of Aurillac by rail.

Mauriac, built on the slope of a volcanic hill, has a medieval church, and the buildings of an old abbey now used as public offices and dwellings; the town owes its origin to the abbey, which originated from a 6th-century foundation.
Amiri Garibi
Amiri Garibi (transl. Wealth and Poverty) is a 1990 Hindi-language drama film, produced by Pradeep Sharma under the TUTU Films banner and directed by Harmesh Malhotra. It stars Jeetendra, Rekha, Rishi Kapoor, Neelam, Raj Babbar, Poonam Dhillon and music composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal. The film stars Krishna, Sridevi, and Rajendra Prasad in the pivotal roles. It is a remake of Telugu film Makutamleni Maharaju (1987).

Makutamleni Maharaju
Makutamleni Maharaju (transl. Emperor Without a Crown) is a 1987 Telugu-language action drama film directed by K. Bapayya. Produced by B. V. S. N. Prasad, the film stars Krishna, Sridevi, Rajendra Prasad, and Chandra Mohan with music composed by Chakravarthy. The film was remade in Hindi as Amiri Garibi (1990).
Alfa Romeo 166
The Alfa Romeo 166 (Type 936) is an executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo, between 1996 and June 2007. It is a four-door saloon car with a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout and replaced the 164 in the marque's model range. The car was designed by Centro Stile Alfa Romeo, under the control of Walter de Silva, and was facelifted in September 2003.

Walter de Silva
Walter Maria de Silva (born 27 February 1951) is an Italian car designer and former head of Volkswagen Group Design, until 2015. Since beginning his car design career in 1972 as trainee car designer for Fiat's Style Centre, De Silva has also worked as a designer at I.DE.A Institute, and as head of design for Alfa Romeo, SEAT and the 'Audi brand group'. He is presently President of the Design Studio Walter De Silva Automotive.
Oliver Morosco
Oliver Morosco (June 20, 1875 – August 25, 1945) was an American theatrical producer, director, writer, film producer, and theater owner. He owned the Morosco Photoplay Company. He brought many of his theater actors to the screen. Frank A. Garbutt was in charge of the film business. The company was merged with Adolph Zukor's Famous Players–Lasky Corporation in 1916.

Morosco Theatre
The Morosco Theatre was a Broadway theatre near Times Square in New York City from 1917 to 1982. It housed many notable productions and its demolition, along with four adjacent theaters, was controversial.
Mubarak Muyika
Mubarak Muyika (born May 31, 1994, Western Province, Kenya), is a Kenyan American business executive, computer programmer and  internet entrepreneur based in Silicon Valley. Orphaned at the age of 10, at age 16 Muyika founded Hype Century, a web hosting company which he sold two years later for six figures. He is the founder and CEO of Zagace, a company which runs an app store for businesses to access software for accounting, human resource management, marketing, among other uses.

Forbes listed him as one of Forbes Africa's 30 under 30 both in 2015 and 2017, and he was youngest in Business Insider's list of top young entrepreneurs around the world.

Kenyan Americans
Kenyan Americans are an ethnic group of Americans of Kenyan descent and ancestry. As of the 2021 census, there were an estimated 94,623 Kenyan-born persons living in the United States. Most Kenyan Americans are concentrated in Minneapolis–St. Paul, Seattle, Texas, Maryland, Georgia, New York, North Carolina, and the greater Washington, D.C. area.