hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nombre de Dios, Colón
Nombre de Dios (Spanish: "Name of God") is a city and corregimiento in Santa Isabel District, Colón Province, Panama, on the Atlantic coast of Panama in the Colón Province. Founded as a Spanish colony in 1510 by Diego de Nicuesa, it was one of the first European settlements on the Isthmus of Panama.

A major port of call for Spanish silver shipments during the 16th century, it was difficult to defend and was virtually abandoned by the Spanish after 1600.  As of 2010, it had a population of 1,130 people.

Santa Isabel District
Santa Isabel District (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsantajsaˈβel]) is a district (distrito) of Colón Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 3,323; the latest official estimate (for 2019) is 3,973. The district, which lies in the east of the province along the Caribbean coast, covers a total area of 727 km². The capital lies at the town of Palenque.
Jorim
Jorim (Korean: 조림) is a category of dishes in Korean cuisine, made by simmering vegetables, meat, fish, seafood, or tofu in seasoned broth until the liquid is absorbed into the ingredients and reduced down. Jorim dishes are usually soy sauce-based, but gochujang (pepper paste) or gochugaru (pepper flakes) can also be added, especially when fishier, red-fleshed fish such as mackerel, saury, or hairtail are used. In Korean royal court cuisine, jorim is called jorini (조리니).

Korean royal court cuisine
Korean royal court cuisine was the style of cookery within Korean cuisine traditionally consumed at the court of the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897. There has been a revival of this cookery style in the 21st century. It is said that twelve dishes should be served along with rice and soup, with most dishes served in bangjja (bronzeware).
Quadratic programming
Quadratic programming (QP) is the process of solving certain mathematical optimization problems involving quadratic functions. Specifically, one seeks to optimize (minimize or maximize) a multivariate quadratic function subject to linear constraints on the variables. Quadratic programming is a type of nonlinear programming.

"Programming" in this context refers to a formal procedure for solving mathematical problems. This usage dates to the 1940s and is not specifically tied to the more recent notion of "computer programming." To avoid confusion, some practitioners prefer the term "optimization" — e.g., "quadratic optimization."

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
HMS Crusader
Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Crusader, after the participants in the Medieval Crusades:

HMS Crusader (1909) was a Tribal-class destroyer launched in 1909 and sold in 1920.

HMS Crusader (H60) was a C-class destroyer launched in 1931.  She was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1938 and renamed HMCS Ottawa.  She was sunk in 1942.

HMS Crusader (R20) was a destroyer of another C class. She was launched in 1944, transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1945 and sold in 1964.

HMCS Crusader
HMCS Crusader was a C-class destroyer originally ordered by the Royal Navy in 1942 and transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1946. During the Korean War she was the leading ship in the legendary Trainbuster's Club, destroying five North Korean trains in total. She was sold for scrap in 1964.
Rome, Ohio
Rome, also known as Stout, is a village in Green Township, Adams County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 83 at the 2020 census. It is also the current residence of Melissa Jones who is the mayor.

Adams County, Ohio
Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,477. Its county seat and largest village is West Union. The county is named after John Adams, the second President of the United States.
Elizabeth J. Smith
Elizabeth J. Smith (née, Corscaden; 1842 – July 6, 1900) was a Canadian-born American social reformer and newspaper editor and publisher in Rhode Island.  Involved in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), she was particularly engaged with the youth of the temperance movement through the Loyal Temperance Legion. Smith served as editor and publisher of its organ, the Home Guard.

Loyal Temperance Legion
The Loyal Temperance Legion (L.T.L.) was the children's branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (W.C.T.U.).  Its slogan was "Tremble, King Alcohol, We Shall Grow Up". It published an English-language newspaper for children called The Young Crusader, which was edited for some time by W.C.T.U. president Anna Adams Gordon, a strong believer in the need to interest children in temperance at a very early age.
Walther graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Walther graph, also called the Tutte fragment, is a planar bipartite graph with 25 vertices and 31 edges named after Hansjoachim Walther. It has chromatic index 3, girth 3 and diameter 8.

If the single vertex of degree 1 whose neighbour has degree 3 is removed, the resulting graph has no Hamiltonian path. This property was used by Tutte when combining three Walther graphs to produce the Tutte graph, the first known counterexample to Tait's conjecture that every 3-regular polyhedron has a Hamiltonian cycle.

By integrating these subgraphs into a complex 46-vertex structure, Tutte demonstrated that certain 3-regular planar graphs lack the symmetry required for a Hamiltonian cycle. This construction effectively bridged the gap between local vertex connectivity and the global properties of polyhedral graphs.

Hansjoachim Walther
Hansjoachim Walther (16 December 1939 – 17 January 2005) was a German politician and mathematician.

He was leader of the German Social Union, a right-wing party modelled after the Bavarian CSU, during the Wende, serving as their parliamentary leader in the Volkskammer. After German reunification, he was co-opted to the Bundestag and appointed as Minister for Special Affairs.
1913 Paris–Roubaix
The 1913 Paris–Roubaix was the 18th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 23 March 1913 and stretched 266 km (165 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was François Faber from Luxembourg.

François Faber
François Faber (pronounced [fʁɑ̃.swa fa.bɛʁ]; 26 January 1887 – 9 May 1915) was a Luxembourgish racing cyclist. He was born in France. He was the first foreigner to win the Tour de France in 1909, and his record of winning 5 consecutive stages still stands. He died in World War I while fighting for France. Faber was known for his long solos; he is the only rider in Tour de France history to lead solo more than 1000 km.
Yesterday Is Time Killed
Yesterday Is Time Killed is the debut studio album by Eighteen Visions. It was released in March 1999 through Huntington Beach, California-based record label Cedargate Records.

Five songs were later re-recorded for the band's third album, The Best of Eighteen Visions. The last untitled song is actually split into 8 tracks, for each "part" of the song.

Eighteen Visions
Eighteen Visions is an American metalcore band from Orange County, California, formed in October 1995. The band broke up in April 2007, less than a year after their major label debut was released through Epic and Trustkill Records. After over a decade of absence, the band reformed in 2017. They announced their sixth album, XVIII, would be released via their new label home at Rise Records.
Lueders, Texas
Lueders is a city in Jones and Shackelford Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. Its population was 258 at the 2020 census. The portion of Lueders located in Jones County is part of the Abilene, Texas metropolitan area.

Shackelford County, Texas
Shackelford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,105. Its county seat is Albany. The county was created in 1858 and later organized in 1874. Shackelford is named for Dr. Jack Shackelford, a Virginia physician who equipped soldiers at his own expense to fight in the Texas Revolution.

Historic Fort Griffin, established in 1867, lies within Shackelford County.

During the last two weekends of June, the Fort Griffin Fandangle, a Western musical production, is presented by Shackelford County residents in the Prairie Theater in Albany. The content of the program is changed each year. Begun in 1938, it is billed as "Texas' Oldest Outdoor Musical".
2015 UCI Road World Championships – Women's junior time trial
The Women's junior time trial of the 2015 UCI Road World Championships took place in and around in Richmond, Virginia, United States on September 21, 2015. The course of the race was 15.0 km (9.3 mi) with the start and finish in Richmond.

American riders finished first and second, as Chloé Dygert won the gold medal by over a minute ahead of Emma White. For the second year in a row, Anna-Leeza Hull finished with the bronze medal, almost 90 seconds down on Dygert's time.

Emma White (cyclist)
Emma White (born August 23, 1997) is an American former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2016 and 2021, entirely for UCI Women's Continental Team Rally Cycling.

Competing in both track cycling and road bicycle racing, White was a member of the American squad that won the team pursuit at the 2020 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, and also won medals in the same event at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021 and the 2019 Pan American Track Cycling Championships. She also won two silver medals at the 2015 UCI Road World Championships, finishing behind teammate Chloé Dygert in both the time trial and road race.
Einstein Tower
The Einstein Tower (German: Einsteinturm) is an astrophysical observatory in the Albert Einstein Science Park in Potsdam, Germany. The Tower was built by architect Erich Mendelsohn in 1924.

It was built on the summit of the Potsdam Telegraphenberg to house a solar telescope designed by the astronomer Erwin Finlay-Freundlich. The telescope supports experiments and observations to validate (or disprove) Albert Einstein's relativity theory.

Although Einstein never worked there, he supported the construction and operation of the telescope.

Einstein Tower is a working solar observatory today as part of the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam.

Prussian semaphore system
The Prussian semaphore system was a telegraphic communications system used between Berlin and the Rhine Province from 1832 to 1849. It could transmit administrative and military messages by optical signal over a distance of nearly 550 kilometres (340 mi).  The telegraph line comprised 62 stations each furnished with a signal mast with six cable-operated arms.  The stations were equipped with telescopes that operators used to copy coded messages and forward them to the next station.  Three dispatch departments (telegraphische Expeditionen) located in Berlin, Cologne and Koblenz handled the coding and decoding of official telegrams. Although electric telegraphy made the system obsolete for military use, simplified semaphores were still used for railway signals.
Lavu language
Lavu (Chinese: 拉乌; autonym: lɑ55 vu̠55) is a Loloish language of Yongsheng County, Yunnan, China.

Languages related to Lavu include Liude 六得, Nazha 纳渣, and perhaps Shuitian 水田, Zhili 支里, Luo 倮, Ziyi 子彝, and Liming 黎明.

Yongsheng County
Yongsheng County (simplified Chinese: 永胜县; traditional Chinese: 永勝縣; pinyin: Yǒngshèng Xiàn) is located in the northwest of Yunnan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Lijiang. In 2019 the county had a population of 406,757 including 34.42% ethnic minorities.

The Chenghai Lake is located in Yongsheng. Yongsheng has a strong agricultural output consisting especially of fruits including pomegranate, oranges, grapes, mangoes, longan,  and Sugar-apple.

Yongsheng County borders Huaping County to the east, Dayao County to the southeast, Yulong County and Heqing County to the west, Ninglang County and Gucheng District to the north and Binchuan County to the south.
British University Hurling Championship
The British University Hurling Championship is an annual Hurling competition held for universities in Great Britain. It is organised by the BUGAA which is a branch of the Higher Education GAA committee which oversees Gaelic Games in Universities. Unlike its sister competition, the British University Gaelic Football Championship, this competition is not overseen by the British Universities Sports Association as yet.  The best players each year are chosen for an all-star team to play the Scottish Universities Shinty Team. The trophies for British University Gaelic Games Championships memorialise students who were pioneers of Gaelic Games at British Universities. The Michael O'Leary Cup is awarded to the winner of the British University Hurling Championship. It was presented to BUGAA by The Friary, Dundee. The Cup is named after a founder member of the hurling club at the University of Glasgow who died in 2001.

Higher Education GAA
Higher Education GAA is the governing body overseeing the Gaelic games of hurling, camogie and Gaelic football at third level institutions. The body coordinates competitions in both Ireland and Britain, and is a part of the parent organisation, the Gaelic Athletic Association. The main competitions are the Fitzgibbon Cup for hurling and Sigerson Cup for football.
Centurione I Zaccaria
Centurione I Zaccaria was one of the most powerful nobles of the Principality of Achaea in the 14th century. He was the firstborn son of Martino Zaccaria and Jacqueline de la Roche, last representant of the prestigious Burgundian house of the Duchy of Athens. In 1334 Centurione succeeded his brother, Bartolomeo Zaccaria as baron of Damala. After the death of Martino he rose as lord of one half of the Barony of Chalandritsa, and in 1359 he acquired the other half. In about 1370 he was named Grand Constable of Achaea and received also the Barony of Estamira. He also thrice held the post of bailli (viceroy) for the principality's Angevin rulers.

Barony of Veligosti
The Barony of Veligosti or Veligosti–Damala was a medieval Frankish fiefdom of the Principality of Achaea, originally centred on Veligosti (Greek: Βελίγοστι or Βελιγόστη; French: Véligourt; Spanish: Viligorda; Italian: Villegorde) in southern Arcadia, but also came to include the area of Damala (Greek: Δαμαλᾶ, French: Damalet) in the Argolid when it came under a cadet branch of the de la Roche family in the 1250s. After Veligosti was lost to the Byzantines towards 1300, the name was retained even though the barony was reduced to Damala.
Bennett Wolf
Bennett Martin Wolf (born October 23, 1959) is a Canadian former ice hockey player who played 30 games in the National Hockey League for the Pittsburgh Penguins from 1980 to 1983. Wolf was born in Kitchener, Ontario.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Everything's Wrong
"Everything’s Wrong" is a song by American heavy metal band All That Remains. It was released as the second single from their ninth album, Victim of the New Disease, on October 12, 2018. It reached number 25 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart.

Victim of the New Disease
Victim of the New Disease is the ninth studio album by the American heavy metal band All That Remains. It was released on November 9, 2018 on Razor & Tie Records. It is the final album to feature founding guitarist Oli Herbert, who died on October 17, 2018, less than a month prior to the album's release, and the band's final album with bassist Aaron Patrick and longtime drummer Jason Costa before their departures in 2021 and 2023, respectively. The album marks a return to the band's heavier metalcore roots. Victim of the New Disease sold over 5,300 copies in the United States in its first week of release to land at position No. 154 on Billboard 200 chart.
Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway
The Sir Solomon Hochoy Highway, sometimes referred to as SHH, is the major north–south highway on the island of Trinidad, in Trinidad and Tobago. It runs for 51.2 km (31.8 mi).

It connects Chaguanas with Gandhi Village, Debe.  It meets the Uriah Butler Highway at Chaguanas.

The highway was named for Sir Solomon Hochoy, the first Caribbean-born Governor of Trinidad and Tobago and the first Governor General of Trinidad and Tobago.  Originally constructed as a two-lane highway in the early 1970s, it was expanded to a four-lane dual carriageway in the late 1970s.

Solomon Hochoy
Sir Solomon Hochoy TC GCMG GCVO OBE (20 April 1905 – 15 November 1983) was the last colonial governor of Trinidad and Tobago and the first governor-general upon the country's independence in 1962. He was the first non-European governor of a British crown colony and the first ethnically Han Chinese and nationally Caribbean person to become Governor-General in the Commonwealth.
Blevins Gap Nature Preserve
Blevins Gap Nature Preserve is a nature preserve in southern Huntsville, Alabama. It measures 994 acres (402 ha) in total and contains over 12 miles of trails within its borders. Cecil Ashburn Drive splits the preserve into two parts. The northern section measures 267 acres (108 ha) with 4.5 miles of trails, a rocky incline, and waterfalls. The southern portion measures the remaining 727 acres (294 ha) and contains 8 miles of woodland trails.

The trail system was designated as a National Recreation Trail in 2012.

Cecil Ashburn Drive
Cecil Ashburn Drive is a major road in South Huntsville that carries nearly 20,000 vehicles  across Huntsville Mountain in and out of the city from neighboring subdivisions. The scenic mountain route is a four-lane road with eight-foot shoulders on both sides to allow joggers and bicyclists to safely travel the road. 
Initially a two-lane road, the city of Huntsville widened 3.4 miles of Cecil Ashburn Drive, beginning at Donegal Drive to Taylor Road. The widening project began in January 2019 and was completed in August 2020. The project converted Cecil Ashburn Drive into a four-lane divided highway.

Cecil Ashburn connects Hampton Cove and Jones Valley and provides an alternative way for people to get through, into, and out of Huntsville.
Muskom
Muskom was the Central Commissariat of Muslim affairs in Inner Russia and Siberia set up by the Bolsheviks in January 1918 as part of Narkomnats. Mullanur Waxitov was appointed as chair, although he was not a member of the Communist Party. Mirsäyet Soltanğäliev served as the representative of the Bolsheviks.

An initial congress was organised in November 1918. A second congress was organised in November 1919 and was addressed by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.

Mullanur Waxitov
Mullanur Mullacan ulı Waxitov a.k.a. Mullanur Waxitov (Tatar Cyrillic and Russian: Мулланур Вахитов, Tatar pronunciation: [muˌlɑˈnur wʌˈçitəf]), also spelled Vakhitov (10 August 1885 – August 1918) was a Tatar revolutionary active in the Russian Revolution.
Ten Minute Alibi
Ten Minute Alibi is a 1935 British crime film directed by Bernard Vorhaus and starring Phillips Holmes, Aileen Marson and Theo Shall. It was written by Vera Allinson and Michael Hankinson, adapted from the 1933 play Ten Minute Alibi by Anthony Armstrong.

Bernard Vorhaus
Bernard Vorhaus (December 25, 1904 – November 23, 2000) was an American film director of Austrian descent, born in New York City. His father was born in Kraków, then part of Austria-Hungary. Vorhaus spent many decades living in the UK. Early in his career, he worked as a screenwriter, and co-produced the film The Singing City. He was blacklisted in Hollywood for his communist sympathies, and returned to England, where he resumed his career. Known, alongside Michael Powell, for his quota quickies, Vorhaus also worked in Europe.
Yainax Butte
Yainax Butte is a mountain located just south of the Klamath Reservation, in Oregon. Yainax is a Klamath language word meaning "little hill".

Notable residents include Toby Riddle, who lived at Yainax Butte in her later years.

Toby Riddle
Toby "Winema" Riddle (born Nannookdoowah; c. 1848 – February 17, 1920) was a Modoc woman who served as an interpreter in negotiations between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army during the Modoc War (also called the Lava Beds War). She warned the peace commission of a possible Modoc attack, and she saved the life of the chairman Alfred B. Meacham when the 1873 attack took place.

She and her family toured with Meacham after the war, starring in his lecture-play "Tragedy of the Lava Beds", to inform American people about the war. Meacham later published a book about Winema, which he dedicated to her. In 1891 Toby Riddle was one of the few Native American women to be awarded a military pension by the United States Congress, for her heroic actions during the peace negotiations in 1873. (Her first name also appears spelled as "Tobey" in historical records.)
Music of the Soviet Union
The music of the Soviet Union varied in many genres and epochs. The majority of it was considered to be part of the Russian culture, but other national cultures from the Republics of the Soviet Union made significant contributions as well. The Soviet state supported musical institutions, but also carried out content censorship. According to Vladimir Lenin, "Every artist, everyone who considers himself an artist, has the right to create freely according to his ideal, independently of everything. However, we are communists and we must not stand with folded hands and let chaos develop as it pleases. We must systemically guide this process and form its result."

Culture of Russia
Russian culture (Russian: Культура России, romanized: Kul'tura Rossii, IPA: [kʊlʲˈturə rɐˈsʲiɪ]) has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and both Eastern and Western influence. Cultural scientists believe that the influence of the East was fairly insignificant, since the Mongols did not coexist with the Russians during conquest, and the indigenous peoples were subjected to reverse cultural assimilation. Unlike the Scandinavian and more western neighbors, which have become the main reason for the formation of modern culture among Russians. Russian writers and philosophers have played an important role in the development of European thought. The Russians have also greatly influenced classical music, ballet, theatre, painting, cinema and sport, The nation has also made pioneering contributions to science and technology and space exploration.