hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finlayson Island
Finlayson Island is an island along the course of the North Saskatchewan River in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The island is situated between the town of Battleford on the south bank of the river and the city of North Battleford on the north. To the north of the island is the Battlefords Bridge and to the south is North Saskatchewan River's confluence with Battle River. Access to Finlayson Island is from the old Battleford Bridge.

On the island is the Finlayson Island Nature Park, a picnic area, and multiple biking and hiking trails. During the winter, the trails are groomed for cross-country skiing. The island has riparian forests, marshlands, grasslands, and sand dunes as well as an abundance of wildlife.

Finlayson Island was named after Donald Finlayson on 25 March 1965 by the Government of Saskatchewan. Finlayson was a homesteader in the nearby Battle River Valley, member of the home guard during the North-West Rebellion, and a local MLA from 1908 to 1934.

North Battleford
North Battleford is a city in west-central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is the seventh largest city in the province and is directly across the North Saskatchewan River from the town of Battleford. Together, the two communities are known as "The Battlefords".

North Battleford and the greater Battlefords area are a notable stop along the Yellowhead Highway, part of the Trans-Canada system, and serve as a commercial and cultural hub for west- and north-central Saskatchewan. Together, the Battlefords are served by the Yellowhead Highway as well as Highway 4, Highway 26, Highway 29, and Highway 40.

Battlefords Provincial Park is 40 kilometres (25 mi) north on Highway 4.
George Heath-Gracie
George Handel Heath-Gracie FRCO (4 June 1892 – 20 April 1987) was an English musician. He was Head Teacher at Derby School of Music (1938–1944), a composer and cathedral organist, who served in Derby Cathedral.

George Handel Heath-Gracie was born in Gosport, Hampshire, and educated at Bristol Grammar School.

He was the organist of St. Peter's Church, Brockley, Kent (1918–1933) and Derby Cathedral (1933–1958).

Derby School of Music
Derby School of Music is an independent private music school originally established in 1885, based in Derby, England.
It offers private tuition on musical instruments and music theory, and provides grade examinations with all the major music exam boards in the UK including; ABRSM, London College of Music, Trinity College of Music, Rockschool, Victoria College of Music. Pupils can take these qualifications on to advanced study at conservatoires or universities.
Covector mapping principle
The covector mapping principle is a special case of Riesz' representation theorem, which is a fundamental theorem in functional analysis.  The name was coined by Ross and coauthors, It provides conditions under which dualization can be commuted with discretization in the case of  computational optimal control.

I. Michael Ross
Isaac Michael Ross is a Distinguished Professor and Program Director of Control and Optimization at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA.  He has published a highly-regarded textbook on optimal control theory and seminal papers in pseudospectral optimal control theory, energy-sink theory, the optimization and deflection of near-Earth asteroids and comets, robotics, attitude dynamics and control, orbital mechanics, real-time optimal control, unscented optimal control, continuous optimization and aeromaneuvering guidance and control.  The Kang–Ross–Gong theorem, Ross' π lemma, Ross' time constant, the Ross–Fahroo lemma, and the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral method are all named after him. According to a report published by Stanford University, Ross is one of the world's top 2% of scientists.
Edgar San Luis
Edgar Sulit San Luis (born July 12, 1955), also known as (Kuya) Egay San Luis, is a Filipino politician, businessman and former media executive. He had served as Mayor of Santa Cruz, Laguna from June 30, 2019 until June 30, 2025. He previously served as Member of the Philippine House of Representatives representing Laguna's 4th district from June 30, 2007 to June 30, 2013.

San Luis' stint in politics began in 2007 elections, when he sought a seat in Congress and ultimately defeating the incumbent with 48% to 43% of Benjamin Agarao Jr. In 2013, he was the Liberal Party candidate for the governorship, challenging incumbent ER Ejercito. San Luis lost the election to Ejercito in a tight race, 46% to 53%.

In 2016, San Luis seek to reclaim his former post in Congress but lost to incumbent Agarao via landslide, 41% to 57%. In 2019, he ran for Mayor of Santa Cruz and won with a margin of 48% to 45% over Benjo Agarao. He was reelected in 2022, but was defeated in 2025 by Benjo, 42% to 57%.

2019 Laguna local elections
Local elections were held in the Province of Laguna on May 13, 2019 as part of the 2019 Philippine general election. Voters  selected candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town council, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice-governor, governor and representatives for the four districts of Laguna, including Biñan lone district and the newly created Calamba lone district.
Noyes Academy
The Noyes Academy was a racially integrated school, which also admitted women, founded by New England abolitionists in 1835 in Canaan, New Hampshire, near Dartmouth College, whose then-abolitionist president, Nathan Lord, was "the only seated New England college president willing to admit black students to his college".: 264

The school was unpopular with many local residents who opposed having blacks in the town. After some months, several hundred white men of Canaan and neighboring towns demolished the academy. They replaced it with Canaan Union Academy, restricted to whites.

Julia Williams (abolitionist)
Julia Ward Williams Garnet (July 1, 1811 - January 7, 1870) was an American abolitionist who was active in Massachusetts and New York.

Born free in Charleston, South Carolina, she moved with her family as a child to Boston, Massachusetts, and was educated in the North. A member of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, she attended the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women in New York in 1837. She married abolitionist Henry Highland Garnet and in 1852 they traveled to Jamaica to work as missionaries, where she headed an industrial school for girls. After the American Civil War, she worked with freedmen in Washington, D.C. to establish their new lives.
The New Rich
The New Rich (French: Les Nouveaux Riches) is a 1938 French comedy film directed by André Berthomieu and starring Raimu, Michel Simon and Betty Stockfeld. It is based on a 1917 stage farce of the same title by Charles Albert Abadie and Raymond de Cesse. It was shot at the Saint-Maurice Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Jacques Colombier and Eugène Lourié.

Eugène Lourié
Eugène Lourié (Russian: Евгений Лурье, romanized: Yevgeniy Lur'ye; born Yevgeny Lure; 8 April 1903 – 26 May 1991) was a Russian-French filmmaker, who worked variously as a director, production designer, art director, and special effects artist. He was a collaborator of Jean Renoir during the 1930s, when he was called "among the best art directors in French cinema." Later he became known as a director of American science fiction films, like The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms.

Lourié was nominated for an Academy Award in 1969 for Best Visual Effects on the film Krakatoa, East of Java. In 2011, he was posthumously entered into the Art Directors Guild Hall of Fame.
Green sulfur bacteria
The green sulfur bacteria are a phylum, Chlorobiota, of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria that metabolize sulfur.

Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile (except Chloroherpeton thalassium, which may glide) and capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis. They live in anaerobic aquatic environments. In contrast to plants, green sulfur bacteria mainly use sulfide ions as electron donors. They are autotrophs that utilize the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle to perform carbon fixation.  They are also mixotrophs and reduce nitrogen.

Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a special form of photosynthesis used by some bacteria, which differs from the better known oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria in the reductant used (e.g. hydrogen sulfide instead of water) and the byproduct generated (e.g. elemental sulfur instead of molecular oxygen).

Unlike oxygenic phototrophs that only use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide, anoxygenic phototrophs can use both the Calvin cycle and the reverse TCA cycle to fix carbon dioxide. Additionally, unlike its oxygenic counterpart that predominantly uses chlorophyll, this type of photosynthesis uses the bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) to utilize light as an energy source. A precursor to oxygenic photosynthesis but having been developed after chemolithoautotrophy, anoxygenic photosynthesis uses one of two reaction centers while oxygenic photosynthesis uses both type I and type II reaction centers.
Don Patterson (defensive back)
Don Patterson (born October 31, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for two seasons with the  Detroit Lions and New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets.

His sons, Eric Patterson and Corey Patterson are both former Major League Baseball outfielders. Eric played for the Chicago Cubs, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, and the San Diego Padres. Corey played for the Cubs, Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Nationals, Milwaukee Brewers, Toronto Blue Jays, and the St. Louis Cardinals.

Eric Patterson (baseball)
Eric Scott Patterson (born April 8, 1983) is an American former professional baseball left fielder and second baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, and San Diego Padres. He is currently the bench coach for the Indianapolis Indians, the Triple-A affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Ivan Elmanov
Ivan Kirillovich Elmanov (Russian: Иван Кириллович Эльманов) was a Russian inventor. During 1820, in Myachkovo, near Moscow, he built a type of monorail described as a road on pillars. The single rail was made of timber balks resting above the pillars. The wheels were set on this wooden rail, while the horse-drawn carriage had a sled on its top. This construction is considered to be the first known monorail in the world.

Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.
Thit Hta Man Aung Pagoda
Thit Hta Man Aung Pagoda (သေဋ္ဌမာရ်အောင်ဘုရား) is a Buddhist temple located at the corner of General Street in the northern part of Hpa-an, Kayin State. Thit Hta Man Aung Buddha image is depicted in this temple, and has long been believed to grant the wishes of its worshippers. Casting of the Buddha image started in 1919 under the patronage of U Adi Isran, the abbot of the Ye Monastery, and was finished by 1922. The statue contains 4,600 pieces of copper and is 9 metres (30 ft) high. The statue represents the Buddha who conquered "the five mental hindrances" and named it "Thit Hta Man Aung". The Pagoda Festival is held every year in the month of Tabodwe.

Hpa-an
Hpa-an (Burmese: ဘားအံမြို့, [pʰə ʔàɰ̃ mjo̰]; Pwo Eastern Karen: ဍုံထ်ုအင်; S'gaw Karen: ဖၣ်အၣ်ဝ့ၢ်,  also spelled Pa-an) is a large city in southeastern Myanmar and the capital and largest city of Kayin State (Karen State). The population as of the 2014 census was 421,575, mostly of the Karen ethnic group. Hpa-An has surpassed Taunggyi as the fifth largest city in Myanmar.
John Hanlon (singer)
John Hanlon (born 1949) is a New Zealand singer and songwriter. From 1974 to 1976, he collected three successive New Zealand Album of the Year and Songwriter of the Year awards, a feat achieved by no other artist before or since, as well as the APRA Silver Scroll two years in succession.

Though Hanlon was born in Malaya, he migrated to New Zealand during the 1960s.
In 1978 he then moved to Australia running Sydney ad-agency LOUD. In recent years he has moved back to New Zealand where he continues to write books and play golf.

In 2024 he was presented with a Scroll of Honour from the Variety Artists Club of New Zealand for his contribution to New Zealand entertainment.

Save Manapouri campaign
The Save Manapouri campaign was an environmental campaign waged between 1969 and 1972 in New Zealand to prevent the raising of the levels of lakes Manapouri and Te Anau as part of the construction of the Manapouri Power Project.
I Am David
I am David is a 1963 novel by Anne Holm. It tells the story of a young boy who, with the help of a prison guard, escapes from a concentration camp in an unnamed Eastern European country and journeys to Denmark. Along the way, he meets many people who teach him about life outside the concentration camp.

The book, originally written in Danish, has been translated into several languages, including Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, and German (all 1963), Dutch (1964), English (1965), Afrikaans (1982), and French (1986), and Konkani (1987). In the United States, the book was first called North to Freedom and "On the road to America", but it is now also being published as I am David. It was made into a film in 2003.

I Am David (film)
I Am David is a 2003 American historical drama film written and directed by Paul Feig in his directorial debut. It is based on the 1963 novel of the same name (originally published in the USA under the name North to Freedom) by Anne Holm. The film was produced by Walden Media and Lions Gate Entertainment.
Du Shenyan
Du Shenyan (Wade–Giles: Tu Shen-yen, c. 645 – 708) was a Chinese poet and politician. He was a poet of the early Tang dynasty, and one of his poems was collected in the popular anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems.

Tang poetry
Tang poetry (traditional Chinese: 唐詩; simplified Chinese: 唐诗; pinyin: Tángshī) refers to poetry written in or around the time of, or in the characteristic style of, China's Tang dynasty (June 18, 618 – June 4, 907, including the 690–705 reign of Wu Zetian), and/or follows a certain style, often considered as the Golden Age of Chinese poetry. The Complete Tang Poems includes over 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 authors. During the Tang dynasty, poetry continued to be an important part of social life at all levels of society. Scholars were required to master poetry for the civil service exams, but the art was theoretically available to everyone. This led to a large record of poetry and poets, a partial record of which survives today. The two most famous poets of the period were Li Bai and Du Fu. The Qing dynasty selection, Three Hundred Tang Poems, has made Tang poetry familiar to educated Chinese in modern times.
ZMD: Zombies of Mass Destruction (comics)
ZMD: Zombies of Mass Destruction is a six-issue comic book limited series published by Red 5 Comics and created by American comic book writer/creator Kevin Grevioux who wrote the original screenplay for the film Underworld, and co-created Underworld franchise.

Kevin Grevioux
Kevin Grevioux (/ˈɡrɛvjuː/; born September 9, 1962) is an American actor, screenwriter, director, and comic book writer. He is best known for his role as Raze in the Underworld film series, which he co-created, as well as his voicework in the cartoon Young Justice  as the villain Black Beetle.
Jef Eygel
Jozef "Jef" Fidelo Eygel (5 March 1933 in Antwerp – 3 April 2005) was a Belgian professional basketball player. At a height of 1.84 m (6'0 1⁄4") tall, he played at the point guard position. He is regarded as one of Belgium's greatest basketball players.

FIBA Europe All-Star Game
The FIBA Europe All-Star Game was an all-star basketball game, that was also known as the "FIBA Europe Festival". The "FIBA Europe All-Star Game Festival" was held from 1964 to 1998, from the 1963–64 to 1997–98 European basketball seasons. It was organized by FIBA Europe, the European division of FIBA. The FIBA Europe Selection Team, or the FIBA European Selection Team, won most of the FIBA Europe All-Star Game Festivals, with an overall record of 24–5.

The FIBA Europe All-Star Game Festival event was eventually replaced by the FIBA EuroStars All-Star Game event. Initially, both of the FIBA Europe all-star games existed together, starting in 1996, when the FIBA EuroStars debuted, during the 1996–97 season. However, the FIBA Europe All-Star Game was eventually permanently replaced by the FIBA EuroStars in 1998, during the 1998–99 season. The FIBA EuroStars All-Star Game was itself eventually discontinued by FIBA Europe. It was last held in 2007.
The False Millionaire
The False Millionaire (Swedish: Falska millionären) is a 1931 French-Swedish comedy film directed by Paul Merzbach and starring Fridolf Rhudin, Zarah Leander and Annalisa Ericson. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm and on location in the city. The film's sets were designed by the art director Vilhelm Bryde and Arne Åkermark. A separate French-language version Mon coeur et ses millions was also produced.

Paul Merzbach
Paul Merzbach (27 November 1888 – September 1943) was an Austrian screenwriter and film director. Merzbach worked in the Austrian and Germany film industries during the early stages of his career. He worked initially on scripts, but in 1924 he directed his first film. During the late 1920s, Merzbach worked in Sweden before returning to Germany.

Following the Nazi rise to power in 1933, Merzbach went into exile in Britain. He worked in the British film industry for the remainder of his career. His final contribution was the screenplay for Hatter's Castle (1942), directed by Lance Comfort.
Charles W. Worrill
Charles William Worrill (February 8, 1887 – October 14, 1972) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia from 1953 to 1954.

Born in Cuthbert, Georgia, Worrill attended the Mercer University School of Law before entering the practice of law in Georgia in 1909.

He served at various times as city attorney, and as county attorney of Randolph County, Georgia. He served as a superior court judge of the Patula Circuit from January 1, 1931, to June 8, 1949, when Governor Herman Talmadge appointed him to the state Court of Appeals.

On October 4, 1953, Governor Talmadge announced Worrill's appointment to the Georgia Supreme Court.

Mercer University School of Law
Mercer University School of Law (historically Walter F. George School of Law) is the law school of Mercer University. Founded in 1873, it is one of the oldest law schools in the United States; the first law school accredited by the bar in Georgia, and the second oldest of Mercer's 12 colleges and schools.  The School of Law has approximately 420 students and is located in Macon, Georgia on its own campus one mile (1.6 km) from Mercer's main campus.

The law school building, one of Macon's most recognizable sites, is a three-story partial replica of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, and is located on Coleman Hill overlooking downtown Macon. According to Mercer's official 2025 ABA-required disclosures, 88.46% of the Class of 2024 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment (i.e. as attorneys) nine months after graduation, and 4.81% obtained employment where a JD was an advantage.
Sabaot language
Sabaot (Sebei) is a Kalenjin language of Kenya. The Sabaot people live around Mount Elgon in both Kenya and Uganda. The hills of their homeland gradually rise from an elevation of 5,000 to 14,000 feet (1,500 to 4,300 m). The Kenya–Uganda border goes straight through the mountain-top, cutting the Sabaot homeland into two halves.

Sabaot people
The Sabaot are one of the tribes of the Kalenjin of Kenya and Uganda. The Sabaot in turn are divided into six sub-tribes largely identified by their dialects. These dialects of the Sabaot language are the Pok, Somek, Mosop, Koony, Bong'omek and Sabiny (Sebei Uganda). Being resident around Mount Elgon, the original homeland of most Kalenjin, the Sabaot are seen as the keepers of the authentic Kalenjin tradition. They and the area they inhabit are often referred to as Kapkugo (meaning grandparents/ancestors place) by other Kalenjin.
Point Mills, West Virginia
Point Mills is an unincorporated community in Ohio County, West Virginia, United States. Point Mills lies along the National Road (U.S. Route 40) and is incorporated into the Village of Valley Grove. It is part of the Wheeling, West Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Ohio County, West Virginia
Ohio County is a county located in the Northern Panhandle of the U.S. state of West Virginia, and forms part of the Wheeling metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,425. Its county seat is Wheeling. The county was formed in 1776 from the District of West Augusta, Virginia. It was named for the Ohio River, which forms its western boundary with the state of Ohio. West Liberty (formerly Black's Cabin) was designated as the county seat in 1777, serving to 1797.
Mara Alvares
Mara Alvares (Porto Alegre, Brazil, 1948) is a Brazilian artist. She mainly specialized in photography as one of her notable works is the Adansônia. She first studied metal engraving with the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul with Iberê Camargo.

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS) is a Brazilian public federal research university based in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. UFRGS is among the largest and highest-rated universities in Brazil, having one of the largest number of scientific publications. From 2012 to 2019, the university was elected as the best federal university of Brazil. UFRGS has over 31,000 undergraduate students, over 12,000 graduate students, and more than 2,600 faculty members. As a Brazilian public federal institution, students do not pay tuition fees to enroll in courses offered by the university.

Among the main alumni affiliated with UFRGS, there are three former presidents of Brazil, former state governors, former members of the Supreme Federal Court, members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters and important Brazilian actors, musicians and journalists.
Voreppe
Voreppe (French pronunciation: [vɔʁˈɛp]) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It is part of the Grenoble urban unit (agglomeration). The commune contains the Monastère de Chalais, a Dominican monastery about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the town of Voreppe.

Monastère de Chalais
The Monastère de Chalais, also called Châlais-sur-Voreppe or Notre-Dame de Châlais, is a Dominican convent near the town of Voreppe, Isère, France. The convent dates from 1101.

The monastery at Chalais began as a house of male hermits, under the guidance of Hugh of Chateauneuf, like the Carthusian monks. At first the Order of Chalais was independent, but in 1303 it was absorbed by the Carthusians. The monastery was partly destroyed in 1562 during French Wars of Religion, but was rebuilt. The state seized it during the French Revolution (1789–99) and sold it to a private owner.

From 1844 to 1887 it was again a monastery, this time of the  Dominican friars, before again being sold. The present community of Dominican nuns bought the property in 1963 and restored it. Today the nuns of Chalais manufacture Monastic biscuits to cover their expenses.