hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vavasseur mounting
Vavasseur mountings were several mounting devices for artillery and machine guns. They were invented and patented by Josiah Vavasseur.

The mountings were used in Barton's Point Battery in Sheerness, on the Isle of Sheppey, in Kent, England.

Vavasseur pivot mountings were also used in naval artillery mounted on ships in the late 19th century.

Josiah Vavasseur
Josiah Vavasseur CB (26 November 1834 – 13 November 1908) was an English industrialist who founded Vavasseur and Co. (also known as London Ordnance Works). In 1883 the company merged with W.G. Armstrong and Company, and Vavasseur became a director of the firm. Late in life he adopted Cecil Fisher, only son of Admiral John Fisher, and the Fisher family inherited his fortune, including Kilverstone Hall.
Portland Guardian
The Portland Guardian was a weekly newspaper published between 1842 and 1964 in the seaport town of Portland, Victoria, Australia. It was known as the Portland Guardian and Normanby General Advertiser from 1842 to 1876.

It was founded by Thomas Wilkinson and James Swords, and was the second newspaper to be launched in country Victoria.

After Wilkinson was elected to the first Victorian Legislative Council, he sold his interest in the paper to Rev. Thomas Elliott Richardson (1814–1869), brother of the artist C. D. Richardson. He was editor and proprietor of The Guardian from 1854 (or earlier) to 1863, in which year William Cooper became proprietor.

It was eventually absorbed by local rival Portland Observer, with the final issue appearing on 26 March 1964.

Charles Douglas Richardson
Charles Douglas Richardson (7 or 9 July 1853 – 15 October 1932), often referred to as C. Douglas Richardson, was an English-born Australian sculptor and painter. In the 1880s, he was an associate of the Heidelberg School of impressionists, and contributed works to the landmark 9 by 5 Impression Exhibition of 1889.
Williamsport Outlaws
The Williamsport Outlaws were a professional ice hockey team in the Federal Hockey League. The team played the 2011-2012 season in Wayne, New Jersey as the New Jersey Outlaws. Following winning the FHL championship in 2012, the Outlaws announced they would move to Williamsport, Pennsylvania and play all of their games outdoors at Bowman Field while awaiting the completion of an arena in Williamsport.

The Outlaws were the FHL affiliate of the ECHL's Elmira Jackals.

The Outlaws ceased operations on January 21, 2013 after the team owner refused to play the remaining road games. The team was later rebranded as the Pennsylvania Blues on February 8, 2013 after the FHL took over control of the team and used the Blues as a traveling team to fill the schedule for the remainder of the season.

Federal Prospects Hockey League
The Federal Prospects Hockey League (FPHL) is a professional ice hockey independent minor league with teams in the Midwestern, Southern, and Northeastern United States. The FPHL began operations in November 2010 as the Federal Hockey League. Don Kirnan is the league's commissioner. The league also occasionally branded itself as the Federal Professional Hockey League from 2015 to 2018 until it began using the name Federal Prospects Hockey League and completing the rebrand in 2019.
Bakersfield Symphony Orchestra
The Bakersfield Symphony Orchestra (BSO) is an American orchestra based in Bakersfield, California. Founded in 1932, BSO plays its concerts at the Mechanics Bank Theater and Convention Center.  On October 8, 2022, BSO opened its 91st season.

Stilian Kirov has been the music director of the BSO since 2015 and is currently contracted through 2026.

Dignity Health Theater and Convention Center
The Dignity Health Theater and Convention Center (formerly Bakersfield Civic Auditorium) is a performing arts theater and convention facility located in Bakersfield, California (specifically in the Civic Center, Downtown).  It is adjacent to the Dignity Health Arena.
The Billionaire Tramp
The Billionaire Tramp (French: Le clochard milliardaire) is a 1951 French comedy film directed by Léopold Gomez and Hervé Bromberger and starring Henri Guisol,  Jacqueline Gauthier and Raymond Pellegrin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Claude Bouxin.

Hervé Bromberger
Hervé Bromberger (11 November 1918 – 25 November 1993) was a French film director and screenwriter. He directed 16 films between 1951 and 1982. His 1951 film Paris Vice Squad was entered into the 1951 Cannes Film Festival.
MDO (album)
MDO is the debut eponymous album of the Puerto Rican band MDO, which spun off Puerto Rican boy band Menudo. The group, which included Abel Talamántez, Alexis Grullón, Anthony Galindo, Didier Hernández and Daniel René Weider, embraced a new phase with this album, introducing new members and a more modern sound while maintaining the essence that had captured Latin audiences for two decades. The album featured a remake of Menudo's hit song "Súbete A Mi Moto".

The album performed well commercially, with singles like "No Puedo Olvidarme de Ti" and "Volverás a Mí" charting on the Billboard. It received positive reviews from music critics, who praised the refreshed sound and the group's ability to connect with younger audiences. In recognition of its success, the album was certified gold.

Abel Talamántez
Abel Talamántez Mendoza (born October 16, 1978, in Pecos, Texas), is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is currently a vocalist for the bands Cruz Martínez Y Los Super Reyes and Los EnVivo Kings. He is also a former member of the bands Menudo, MDO, and A.B. Quintanilla Y Los Kumbia Kings. Talamántez was the second member of Mexican origin in Menudo.
Otok, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Otok [ˈɔtɔk] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kobylnica, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kobylnica
Gmina Kobylnica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kobylnica, located about 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Słupsk and 107 km (66 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 244.95 square kilometres (94.6 sq mi), and as of 2014 its total population was 11 302.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Słupia Valley Landscape Park.
Jetsun Pema
Jetsun Pema (Dzongkha: རྗེ་བཙུན་པདྨ་; Wylie: rje btsun padma, born on 4 June 1990) is Queen of Bhutan as the wife of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck since their marriage on 13 October 2011. She is currently the youngest queen consort in the world. She and the King have three children: Crown Prince Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, the heir apparent to the Bhutanese throne; Prince Jigme Ugyen Wangchuck; and Princess Sonam Yangden Wangchuck.

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Jack Baldwin (chemist)
Sir Jack Edward Baldwin FRS (8 August 1938 – 5 January 2020) was a British chemist. He was a Waynflete Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford (1978–2005) and head of the organic chemistry at Oxford.

Waynflete Professorship
The Waynflete Professorships are four professorial fellowships at the University of Oxford endowed by Magdalen College and named in honour of the college founder William of Waynflete, who had a great interest in science. These professorships are statutory professorships of the University, that is, they are professorships established in the university's regulations, and which are by those regulations attached to Magdalen College in particular. The oldest professorship is the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy. The three science professorships were created following the recommendation of the University Commission in 1857, in recognition of William of Waynflete's lifetime support of science. The professorships are the Waynflete Professor of Chemistry, the Waynflete Professor of Physiology, and the Waynflete Professor of Pure Mathematics.
Khalil Rountree Jr.
Khalil Ibn Rountree Jr. (born February 26, 1990) is an American professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of October 28, 2025, he is #4 in the UFC light heavyweight rankings.

UFC 307
UFC 307: Pereira vs. Rountree Jr. was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on October 5, 2024, at the Delta Center in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
Wake in Fright (album)
Wake in Fright is the second studio album by the American industrial rock band Uniform. It was released on January 20, 2017 on Sacred Bones Records. The record was produced by the band's guitarist and programmer Ben Greenberg. The lead single from the record, "Tabloid," was released in November 2016. The second single, "The Killing of America," was accompanied by a music video by the time of the album's release.

The album takes its name from the 1971 film of the same name.

Uniform (band)
Uniform is an American industrial metal and noise rock band, formed in 2013 in New York City by vocalist Michael Berdan and guitarist Ben Greenberg. The current lineup of the band also features Mike Sharp and Michael Blume on drums, and Brad Truax on bass.
Sicilia!
Sicilia! (Italian: [siˈtʃiːlja]) is a 1999 Italian black-and-white film directed by Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub. Sicilia! follows a man returning to visit his native Sicily, after living in New York City for many years.  The film is an adaptation of Elio Vittorini's anti-fascist novel Conversations in Sicily, which was first published in 1941.

The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.  It was included in the 37th New York Film Festival.

Conversations in Sicily
Conversazione in Sicilia (Italian pronunciation: [koɱversatˈtsjoːne in siˈtʃiːlja]) is a novel by the Italian author Elio Vittorini. It originally appeared in serial form in the literary magazine Letteratura in 1938–1939, and was first published in book form under the title Nome e Lagrime in 1941. The story concerns Silvestro Ferrauto and his return to Sicily after a long absence. Major themes of the work are detachment, poverty, exploitation and marital fidelity and respect.

Conversazione in Sicilia literally translates to English as Conversation in Sicily; English translations have appeared under that title and a variety of other titles, including In Sicily and Conversations in Sicily. The first US edition contains a foreword by Ernest Hemingway, reprinted in several later editions.
1920 Memorial Cup
The 1920 Memorial Cup final was the second junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Toronto Canoe Club Paddlers of the Ontario Hockey Association competed against the Abbott Cup champions Selkirk Fishermen of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League. In a two-game, total goal series, held at the Arena Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, Toronto won their first Memorial Cup, defeating Selkirk 15–5.

Selkirk Fishermen
The Selkirk Fishermen are a junior "B" ice hockey team based in Selkirk, Manitoba. They are members of the Capital Region Junior Hockey League (CRJHL). The franchise was founded in 1917.

The Fishermen won the Abbott Cup in 1920, making them the Junior Champion for Western Canada and earning a playoff against the George Richardson Memorial Trophy winning Eastern Champion for the Memorial Cup.  The Fishermen lost the Memorial Cup competition against the Toronto Canoe Club Paddlers.
Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write, and illiteracy is the inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of literacy as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was understood solely as alphabetical literacy (understanding the meanings of words without necessarily being able to use words); and the period after 1950, when literacy slowly began to be considered as a wider concept and process, including the social and cultural aspects of reading, writing, and functional literacy.

Literacy is essential in everyday life, as it enables individuals  to navigate the world easily and pursue the life they want. Its benefits goes beyond reading and writing; literacy is a key component to academic success and contributes significantly to confidence and self-esteem.

Programme for International Student Assessment
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading. It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years. Its aim is to provide comparable data to enable countries to improve their education policies and outcomes. It measures problem solving and cognition.

The results of the 2022 data collection were released in December 2023.
Tootal, Broadhurst and Lee Building, Manchester
The Tootal, Broadhurst and Lee Building (currently marketed as The Tootal Buildings) at 56 Oxford Street, in Manchester, England, is a late-Victorian warehouse and office block built in a neo-Baroque style for Tootal Broadhurst Lee, a firm of textile manufacturers.

Wilmslow Road
Wilmslow Road is a major road in Manchester, England, running from Parrs Wood northwards to Rusholme where it becomes the Oxford Road. The name of the road changes again to Oxford Street when it crosses the River Medlock before reaching Manchester city centre.

The road runs through the centres of Didsbury, Withington and Fallowfield, including the major student residential campus of Owens Park and Rusholme. Oxford Road passes through the University of Manchester campus, the Institute for Contemporary Theatre campus of BIMM University and the All Saints campus of the Manchester Metropolitan University. Several hospitals including the Christie Hospital and Manchester Royal Infirmary have been built along the road. It also features several parks and gardens such as Fletcher Moss Gardens, Platt Fields and Whitworth Park.

The road is part of a major bus corridor with bus movements of over one a minute at peak times and is a key centre for business, culture and higher education.
Jazz shoe
A jazz shoe is a type of shoe worn by dancers. They were popularized in jazz dance and other styles of dance including acro dance, acrobatic rock'n'roll, and in other activities, such as aerobics. Jazz dance can be done in any type of shoe—jazz originated as a social dance and was done in everyday clothes and shoes. Oxford shoes were only popularized as jazz dance shoes in the mid 20th century when the dance form made its way out of the clubs and onto the stage.

Jazz shoes are available in a variety of styles, with varying features. They may be high-rise or low-rise, and may be slip-ons or lace-up Oxfords. Split-sole jazz shoes allow enhanced shoe flexibility, making it possible to point the foot more easily. Most have rubber soles, which provide traction and also help to cushion the foot, and some have thicker heels for better shock-absorption. Jazz shoes typically come in a tan or black color. Some have a suede patch under the ball of the foot to facilitate turning.

Rock and Roll (dance)
Acrobatic rock and roll (spelled rock'n'roll by its organizing body, the World Rock'N'Roll Confederation) is a fast, athletic, physically demanding form of partner dance that originated from Lindy Hop but has evolved to a choreographed sport, often done in formal competition. It is danced by both couples (usually of mixed gender) and groups, either all-female or four to eight couples together.
Mahinda Wijesekara
Mahinda Wijesekera is a Sri Lankan politician, former Fisheries cabinet minister and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. In 2001, Wijesekara left the President Chandrika Kumaratunga's ruling Sri Lanka Freedom Party and joined United National Party along with few other senior ministers of the government such as S. B. Dissanayake and G. L. Peiris. He was a member of the working committee of UNP and the party organiser for Weligama. However, in 2006 UNP leader Ranil Wickramasinghe removed from all of his positions in the party as a result of internal crisis against the leadership. On 2007, Wijesekara again crossed over to United People's Freedom Alliance government. He was the Telecommunications Minister in the government. He was injured in a suicide bombing in 2009.

Akuressa suicide bombing
On 10 March 2009, a Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam suicide bomber caused an explosion at a religious parade near Godapitiya Jumma mosque in Akuressa, Matara in southern Sri Lanka, killing 14 and injuring 35 civilians. Several government ministers were among the injured including oil resource minister A. H. M. Fowzie, telecommunication minister Mahinda Wijesekara, Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena, Pandu Bandaranaike, Chandrasiri Gajadeera, and Ali Ameer. Also, there were few local politicians among the dead.

As a result of the police investigations on the incident, the LTTE suicide bomber was identified as Senthamil by his girlfriend at the Matara Hospital mortuary.

The explosion was caught on a video footage filmed by a local resident.
Hard Luck, Michigan
Hard Luck is a ghost town in Gladwin County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

Hard Luck is located within Grim Township in the Au Sable State Forest about 14 mi (23 km) northeast of Gladwin.

The settlement was involved in the lumber trade.

It had a station along the Michigan Central Railroad and contained its own post office briefly from April 24, 1904 until August 31, 1906.

Grim Township, Michigan
Grim Township is a civil township of Gladwin County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 136 at the 2010 census.

Grim Township is the least densely-populated municipality in the state's Lower Peninsula, as well as the Lower Peninsula's third least-populated township after Pointe Aux Barques Township and Zilwaukee Township.
Vukoman Aračić
Vukoman Aračić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вукоман Арачић; 10 May 1850 in Lanište, Principality of Serbia – 12 February 1915 in Užice, Kingdom of Serbia) was a Serbian general and a hero of the Balkan Wars, celebrated for his victories at the Battle of Knjaževac and the Siege of Vidin.

Battle for Knjaževac
The Battle for Knjaževac was a minor engagement during the Second Balkan War between the Bulgarian 1st Army and Serbian forces near the town of Knjaževac, fought from 4 to 7 July 1913. Although Bulgarian troops captured the town after heavy fighting, a strategic withdrawal was ordered the next day. Elements of the retreating force were then ambushed by Serbian artillery, resulting in severe losses.
John Malchair
John Baptist Malchair (ca. 1730 – 1812) was a German-born watercolour-artist, violinist, drawing master, and collector of traditional European music. He is described as “one of the most distinctive figures of eighteenth century Oxford”,: 5  and is recognised as having been an influence on later landscape artists, including John Constable.

William Crotch
William Crotch (5 July 1775 – 29 December 1847) was an English composer and organist. According to the British musicologist Nicholas Temperley, Crotch was "a child prodigy without parallel in the history of music", and was certainly the most distinguished English musician in his day.
M. L. Carr
Michael Leon Carr (born January 9, 1951) is an American former professional basketball player, coach, and executive. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for nine seasons with the Detroit Pistons and Boston Celtics. He won two NBA championships with the Celtics in 1981 and 1984. He also played in the Eastern Basketball Association, European Professional Basketball League, and American Basketball Association. After retiring from playing, Carr returned to the Celtics as general manager during the 1994–95 season and head coach from 1995 to 1997.

European Professional Basketball League
The European Professional Basketball League (EPBL) was a professional basketball league held in Europe in 1975. Despite being played in five European countries (Belgium, Israel, Spain, Switzerland and West Germany) it was for the most part owned and operated by American investors with virtually no European players taking part. Opposed by most European basketball authorities such as FIBA, it generated little popular support and ended its first and only season prematurely in April 1975.
Camille Raspail
Camille Raspail (1827-1893) was a French doctor and politician in the National Assembly as a deputy from Var, from 1885 until his death in 1893.
Son of François-Vincent Raspail, he practiced medicine for 44 years.
He is buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery, with a three-quarter bronze bust on his tomb. On the tomb are engravings explaining he was commander in chief of the southern forts during the Siege of Paris in 1870-1871, as well as a doctor and deputy for Var. His tomb also has a bronze medallion showing a left-facing profile, along with a profile of his widow and an oak leaf crown.

François-Vincent Raspail
François-Vincent Raspail, L.L.D., M.D. (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa vɛ̃sɑ̃ ʁaspaj]; 25 January 1794 – 7 January 1878) was a French chemist, naturalist, physician, physiologist, attorney, and socialist politician.
Mathilda Foy
Mathilda (or Mathilde) Foy (or Foj), also known as Tante Esther, (10 November 1813 – 1 November 1869), was a Swedish philanthropist and writer, known for her charitable work. She is known as a pioneer of the Sunday school, and as the co-founder of the charity organisation Fruntimmersällskapet för fångars förbättring ('Women's Society for the Improvement of Prisoners') in 1854.

Fruntimmersällskapet för fångars förbättring
Fruntimmersällskapet för fångars förbättring ('Women's Society for the Reform of Prisoners') was a charitable society founded in Stockholm in Sweden in 1854. The purpose of the society was to visit female prisoners and work for their rehabilitation from a criminal life back in to society through religious and moral tuition and "spiritual nursing".
Boćwinka, Giżycko County
Boćwinka [bɔt͡ɕˈfinka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kruklanki, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is located in the region of Masuria.

Gmina Kruklanki
Gmina Kruklanki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kruklanki, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of Giżycko and 100 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 201.01 square kilometres (77.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,028.