hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write, and illiteracy is the inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of literacy as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was understood solely as alphabetical literacy (understanding the meanings of words without necessarily being able to use words); and the period after 1950, when literacy slowly began to be considered as a wider concept and process, including the social and cultural aspects of reading, writing, and functional literacy.

Literacy is essential in everyday life, as it enables individuals  to navigate the world easily and pursue the life they want. Its benefits goes beyond reading and writing; literacy is a key component to academic success and contributes significantly to confidence and self-esteem.

Jack Goody
Sir John Rankine Goody FBA (27 July 1919 – 16 July 2015) was an English social anthropologist. He was a prominent lecturer at Cambridge University, and was William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology from 1973 to 1984.

Among his main publications were Death, property and the ancestors (1962),  Technology, Tradition, and the State in Africa (1971), The myth of the Bagre (1972) and The domestication of the savage mind (1977).
New Berlin, Illinois
New Berlin (German: Neues Berlin) is a village in Sangamon County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, New Berlin had a population of 1,381. It is part of the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. New Berlin is home to CUSD #16, New Berlin High School.

New Berlin High School
New Berlin High School is a coeducational public high school serving the community of New Berlin, Illinois and surrounding areas within Sangamon County, including but not limited to: Loami, Berlin, Curran, Island Grove, and the west side of Springfield. For the 2021–2022 school year, the school had 278 students enrolled in grades 9–12.

The school's current principal, Hattie Llewellyn; Superintendent, Jill Larson.
Andreas de Florentia
Andreas de Florentia (also known as Andrea da Firenze, Andrea de' Servi, Andrea degli Organi and Andrea di Giovanni; died 1415) was a Florentine composer and organist of the late medieval era. Along with Francesco Landini and Paolo da Firenze, he was a leading representative of the Italian ars nova style of the Trecento, and was a prolific composer of secular songs, principally ballate.

Music of the Trecento
The Trecento was a period of vigorous activity in Italy in the arts, including painting, architecture, literature, and music. The music of the Trecento paralleled the achievements in the other arts in many ways, for example, in pioneering new forms of expression, especially in secular song in the vernacular language, Italian. In these regards, the music of the Trecento may seem more to be a Renaissance phenomenon; however, the predominant musical language was more closely related to that of the late Middle Ages, and musicologists generally classify the Trecento as the end of the medieval era. Trecento means "three hundred" in Italian but is usually used to refer to the 1300s.  However, the greatest flowering of music in the Trecento happened late in the century, and the period is usually extended to include music up to around 1420.
Malolos Constitution
The Political Constitution of 1899 (Spanish: Constitución Política de 1899), informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno. After a lengthy debate in the latter part of 1898, it was promulgated on January 21, 1899.

The constitution placed limitations on unsupervised freedom of action by the chief executive which would have hampered rapid decision making. As it was created during the fight for Philippine independence from Spain, however, its Article 99 allowed unhampered executive freedom of action during wartime. Unsupervised executive governance continued throughout the Philippine–American War which erupted soon after proclamation.

Felipe Buencamino
Felipe Buencamino y Siojo (August 23, 1848 – February 6, 1929) was a Filipino lawyer, diplomat, and politician. He fought alongside the Spaniards in the Philippine Revolution but later switched sides and joined Emilio Aguinaldo's revolutionary cabinet. He was a member of the Malolos Congress and co-authored the Malolos Constitution. He was also appointed as Secretary of Foreign Relations in the cabinet of Aguinaldo. After he left the revolutionary government, he co-founded the Federalista Party and became a founding member of the Philippine Independent Church.
Mountain of Destiny
Mountain of Destiny (German: Berg des Schicksals) is a 1924 German silent drama film written and directed by Arnold Fanck and starring Hannes Schneider, Frida Richard, Erna Morena, and Luis Trenker. The film is about an alpinist who falls to his death while climbing a dangerous peak. His son later succeeds where his father had failed. The film was released in the United Kingdom with the title The Mountaineers. After seeing Mountain of Destiny, Leni Riefenstahl, then a dancer, decided she wanted to start appearing in films. She got in touch with Fanck and starred in his 1926 film The Holy Mountain.

Arnold Fanck
Arnold Fanck (6 March 1889 – 28 September 1974) was a German film director and pioneer of the mountain film genre. He is best known for the extraordinary alpine footage he captured in such films as The Holy Mountain (1926), The White Hell of Pitz Palu (1929), Storm over Mont Blanc (1930), The White Ecstasy (1931), and S.O.S. Eisberg (1933). Fanck was also instrumental in launching the careers of several filmmakers during the Weimar years in Germany, including Leni Riefenstahl, Luis Trenker, and cinematographers Sepp Allgeier, Richard Angst, Hans Schneeberger, and Walter Riml.
Listed buildings in Penketh
Penketh is a civil parish in the Borough of Warrington in Cheshire, England.  It contains six buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are at Grade II.   This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish is mainly residential, with some farming; the River Mersey runs through the parish, the Manchester Ship Canal runs along the southern boundary, and the A562 road ends within it.

Penketh
Penketh is a civil parish and suburb of Warrington in the Borough of Warrington, Cheshire, England. It is located about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Warrington town centre. It has a population of 8,699. It is in the historic county of Lancashire. The emblem/badge of Penketh is three kingfishers.
NSL Cup
The National Soccer League Cup (known most commonly as the NSL Cup) was an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic Australian soccer organised by the Australian Soccer Federation between 1977 and 1997.

Heidelberg United FC
Heidelberg United Alexander Football Club, commonly known as Heidelberg United, Alexander the Great (Greek: Μέγας Αλέξανδρος), or simply Alexander (Greek: Αλέξανδρος), is an Australian semi-professional association football club based in Heidelberg West, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1958 by Greek Macedonian immigrants, the club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues Victoria. Heidelberg United plays its home matches at Olympic Park.
Coeroenie Airstrip
Coeroeni Airstrip (ICAO: SMCI) is an airstrip located near Kuruni (variant spellings: Coeroeni, Coeroenie, or Curuni) in Suriname. It was constructed as part of Operation Grasshopper. 
The Airstrip is in the vicinity of the disputed border area between Guyana and Suriname called the Tigri Area.

Kuruni
Kuruni (also: Curuni and Coeroeni) is a village in the Coeroeni resort in the Sipaliwini District of Suriname. The village is inhabited by indigenous people of the Tiriyó tribe. The inhabitants are of the subgroup Aramayana or the Bee people.
Tochiazuma Tomoyori
Tochiazuma Tomoyori (born 3 September 1944 as Hayao Shiga) is a former sumo wrestler from Sōma, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. His highest rank was sekiwake, which he held for one tournament in 1970.  He won the top division championship in January 1972.  After retirement he worked as a coach at his stable, Kasugano, until 1990 when he set up his own Tamanoi stable. He is the father of the former ōzeki Tochiazuma Daisuke, and upon his retirement as a coach in 2009 his son took over from him.

Sōma, Fukushima
Sōma (相馬市, Sōma-shi) is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2020, the city had an estimated population of 34,631, and a population density of 180 persons per km2 in 14,358 households. The total area of the city is 197.79 square kilometres (76.37 sq mi).
White Bear Lake, Minnesota
White Bear Lake is a city in Ramsey County in the state of Minnesota, United States. A small portion of the city also extends into Washington County. The population was 24,883 at the 2020 census. The city is located on White Bear Lake, one of the largest lakes in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. The lake is a large lake that is home to many different species of fish including largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, northern pike, and a variety of other species.

Ramsey County, Minnesota
Ramsey County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,352, making it the state's second-most populous county, and was estimated to be 542,015 in 2024. Its county seat and largest city is Saint Paul, the state capital and the twin city of Minneapolis. The county was founded in 1849 and is named for Alexander Ramsey, the first governor of the Minnesota Territory. Ramsey County is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI Metropolitan statistical area. It is Minnesota's smallest and most densely populated county, as well as the 38th-most densely populated county in the United States in 2010.
Róbert Marshall
Róbert Marshall (born 31 May 1971) is an Icelandic politician. In April 2009, he was elected as a Member of the Althing for the Reykjavik Constituency South, representing the Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin). On 12 October 2012 he decided to leave the party, in order to become a member and top list election candidate for the newly founded party Bright Future in Reykjavik Constituency South.

During his elected term from 2009–13, he worked as a member of the Committee on the Environment, Committee on Fisheries and Agriculture, Committee on General affairs, Committee on Transport and Communications, and was a part of the Icelandic delegation to the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly.

Bright Future (Iceland)
Bright Future (Icelandic: Björt framtíð) is a liberal political party in Iceland founded in 2012.

The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) party and had links to the ALDE Group in the European Parliament, although it resigned its membership of ALDE in October 2019.
The Globe Pequot Publishing Group
The Globe Pequot Publishing Group (formerly Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group) is an American independent book publishing company founded in 1949. Under several imprints, the company offers various regional and interest books in the trade books publishing. The company also owns the book distributor National Book Network based in Lanham, Maryland.

Hal Leonard
Hal Leonard LLC (formerly Hal Leonard Corporation) is an American music publishing and distribution company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was founded in 1947 by Harold "Hal" Edstrom, his brother, Everett "Leonard" Edstrom, and musician Roger Busdicker in Winona, Minnesota. Hal Leonard is the largest sheet music publisher in the world. It has been a subsidiary of Cypriot music company Muse Group since 2023.
Rylie, Dallas
Rylie is a neighborhood in Dallas, Texas that was formerly an unincorporated community in Dallas County. Rylie is located between Interstate 20 and U.S. Highway 175 along a former Southern Pacific Railroad line, 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Downtown Dallas. Rylie is a part of the Southeast Dallas area.

Dallas County, Texas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,613,539, and was estimated to be 2,656,028 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in Texas and the eighth-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Dallas, the third-most populous city in Texas and the ninth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on March 30, 1846 and was possibly named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States under U.S. President James K. Polk. Dallas County is included in the eleven-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan statistical area, which is the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

Municipal expansion within Dallas County has blurred the geographic lines between cities and between neighboring counties.
Bodø Station
Bodø Station (Norwegian: Bodø stasjon) is a railway station located in the center of the town of Bodø in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The station is the terminus of the Nordland Line that was completed in 1961. The station is served by day- and night trains to Trondheim and commuter trains to Rognan, operated by SJ Norge using Class 93 units.

The decision to build the railway to Bodø was made in 1923, but was not completed until the 1960s due to lack of funds and World War II. Freight traffic was permitted starting in December 1961 while the passenger section was opened on 7 June 1962 by King Olav V. In 2010, the station building was upgraded for 25 million kr, including a 23-room, 71-bed hostel.

Bodø (town)
Bodø (pronounced [ˈbûːdøː] ⓘ, Northern Sami: Bådåddjocode: sme promoted to code: se ; Pite Sami: Buvvda; Lule Sami: Bådåddjo) is a town in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.
The town is the administrative centre of both the Bodø Municipality and Nordland county. It is located on the Bodø peninsula between the Vestfjorden and the Saltfjorden. Bodø is located just north of the Arctic Circle. It is the largest urban area and town in Nordland county and the second-largest town in Northern Norway.

The 14.91-square-kilometre (3,680-acre) town has a population (2023) of 42,831 and a population density of 2,873 inhabitants per square kilometre (7,440/sq mi).

Bodø is a European Capital of Culture 2024, along with Bad Ischl and Tartu.

One of Norway's most successful football clubs, FK Bodø/Glimt, is based in the town.
Jenny Hoyston
Jenny Hoyston is an American producer, vocalist, guitarist, and trumpeter based in Austin, Texas, United States. She composed, recorded, and toured as part of the San Francisco, California, political punk and no wave band Erase Errata from 1999 to 2015 and records and performs with William Elliott Whitmore as Hallways of Always, with former Erase Errata bandmate Ellie Erickson as Hey Jellie, and as a solo artist, at times under the name Paradise Island. She also co-produces FABULOSA Fest near Yosemite every year since 2008.

William Elliott Whitmore
William Elliott Whitmore (born May 11, 1978) is an American blues, country, folk singer and musician. He plays roots-folk music that is often inspired by his life on his family farm in the hills of southeastern Iowa.
Lee Gordon (promoter)
Lee Gordon (born March 8, 1923 – November 7, 1963) was an American entrepreneur and rock and roll promoter who worked extensively in Australia in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Gordon's jazz and rock 'n' roll tours had a major impact on the Australian music scene and he also played a significant role in the early career of pioneering Australian rock'n'roll singer Johnny O'Keefe, serving as his manager.

Big Joe Turner
Joseph Vernon "Big Joe" Turner Jr. (May 18, 1911 – November 24, 1985) was an American blues shouter from Kansas City, Missouri. Turner's greatest fame was due to his rock and roll recordings in the 1950s, particularly "Shake, Rattle and Roll", but his career as a performer endured from the 1920s into the 1980s.

Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, with the Hall lauding him as "the brawny voiced 'Boss of the Blues.'" According to songwriter Doc Pomus, "rock and roll would have never happened without him." AllMusic called Turner "the premier blues shouter of the postwar era".
Soccer records and statistics in South Africa
The top tier of football in South Africa was renamed the Premiership, under the governance of the Premier Soccer League, for the start of the 1996-97 season. The following page details the football records and statistics of the Premiership since that date.

Mother City F.C.
Mother City F.C. was a South African association football club founded in 1999 after Seven Stars and Cape Town Spurs merged to form Ajax Cape Town, and Mother City purchased the Cape Town Spurs licence. The club was based in Cape Town.
Pompeia Magna
Pompeia Magna (born 80/75 BC – before 35 BC) was the daughter and second child born to Roman triumvir Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) from his third marriage, to Mucia Tertia. Her elder brother was Gnaeus Pompeius and her younger brother was Sextus Pompey.

Faustus Cornelius Sulla (quaestor 54 BC)
Faustus Cornelius Sulla (88 BC – 46 BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic. He was the son of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla. He spent most of his career in the shadow of his father-in-law Pompey, whom he followed during the Civil War against Julius Caesar. He was killed soon after the battle of Thapsus in 46 BC.
Wild card (cards)
A wild card in card games is one that may be used to represent any other playing card, sometimes with certain restrictions. Jokers are often used as wild cards, but other cards may be designated as wild by the rules or by agreement. In addition to their use in card games played with a standard pack, wild cards may also exist in dedicated deck card games, such as the 'Master' card in Lexicon.: 134

Lexicon (card game)
Lexicon is a word game using a dedicated deck of cards for 2 to 4 players published as a shedding card game.

The original game was published by Waddingtons in the United Kingdom, and it was later distributed and licensed internationally, and has been published with various names and in different formats. The intellectual property for the game is currently owned by Winning Moves.

Rules for numerous games using the deck of cards for Lexicon have been created, including for solitaire games and for tournaments.
The Rope Dancers
The Rope Dancers is a dramatic stage play written by American playwright Morton Wishengrad (1913–1963). The play premiered on Broadway at the Cort Theatre in 1957. The play was a critical and commercial success, and transferred to the Henry Miller Theatre beginning January 27, 1958 for an extended run. The play was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. The plays tells the story of Margaret and James Hyland, who have a daughter born with six fingers and suffers from Saint Vitus' dance.

Morton Wishengrad
Morton Bernard Wishengrad (December 2, 1913 – February 12, 1963) was an American radio and TV script writer, screenwriter, and playwright, best known for his extended tenure as the principal writer on the religious radio series, The Eternal Light.
Scale leaf
A scale leaf is a leaf with a reduced blade which is mainly formed by the amphigastrium. It can be dry, membranous or coriaceous, but also sometimes green.

Scale leaves protect with their bud scales the leaves and flowers inside the bud from drying out in winter. In some species the scale leaves are additionally covered with a sticky layer of wax.

Green scale leaves can be found for example on the caulis of Tussilago. They can also be found on plants growing in drier habitats, for example Haloxylon ammodendron, the saxaul.

Tussilago
Tussilago farfara, commonly known as coltsfoot,: 770  is a plant in the tribe Senecioneae in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and parts of western and central Asia. The name "tussilago" is derived from the Latin tussis, meaning cough, and ago, meaning to cast or to act on. It has had uses in traditional medicine, but the discovery of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the plant has resulted in liver health concerns.

Tussilago farfara is the only accepted species in the genus Tussilago, although more than two dozen other species have at one time or another been considered part of this group. Most of them are now regarded as members of other genera (Chaptalia, Chevreulia, Farfugium, Homogyne, Leibnitzia, Petasites, Senecio).
When I Become Me
When I Become Me is the debut album by Finnish pop/pop rock singer and season one Idols winner Hanna Pakarinen, released in Finland by RCA on June 9, 2004. "Love Is Like A Song", Pakarinen's number one hit Idols coronation song is featured as a bonus track on the album. A cover of the Bryan Adams song "Heaven" is featured on the album.

The album debuted at number two on the Finnish albums chart and spent nine weeks inside the top three positions. In September 2004 it was certified platinum and is to date Pakarinen's highest-selling album with Finnish sales of 52,826 copies.

Hanna Pakarinen
Hanna Helena Pakarinen (born 17 April 1981) is a Finnish pop and pop-rock singer who rose to fame as the winner of the first series of the Finnish singing competition Idols in 2004. Since then, she has represented Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 in her homeland, and has sold over 91,000 certified records in Finland, which places her among the top 50 best-selling female soloists in her home country.
Rich Johnston
Richard "Rich" Johnston is a British comics creator, columnist, and founder of the comics blog Bleeding Cool.

The Comics Journal described Johnston as having claimed to be "the oldest extant comics news reporter on the Internet." His past columns include "All The Rage" (for Silver Bullet Comic Books), and "Lying in the Gutters" (for Comic Book Resources). Despite this, he is on record calling his website a "Blog" that has won awards for being a blog, and has stated he is "Not a Journalist".

Bleeding Cool
Bleeding Cool is a news website focusing on comics, television, film, board games, and video games. Owned by Avatar Press, it was launched by Rich Johnston in 2009. Avatar Press also publishes an associated magazine, also called Bleeding Cool.
Pavel Smeyan
Pavel Yevgenyevich Smeyan (Russian: Павел Евгеньевич Смеян; born 23 April 1957, Moscow, Russia – died 13 July 2009) was a Russian singer and actor. He died of cancer in a hospital in Germany at the age of 52.

He graduated from the Gnesins' State Institute of Music, majoring in the saxophone. He played in various philharmonics, and worked in Rosconcert and the Lenkom Theatre. He dubbed and played roles and recorded songs for more than 20 movies and animations including Mary Poppins, Goodbye, and Weather Is Good on Deribasovskaya, It Rains Again on Brighton Beach. He sang in the famous rock operas The Star and Death of Joaquin Murrieta, Juno and Avos. His first songs were first recorded on releases of the Rock Atelier band in 1981. Later the songwriter released three music albums.

Mary Poppins, Goodbye
Mary Poppins, Goodbye (Russian: Мэри Поппинс, до свидания!; translit. Meri Poppins, do svidaniya) is a Soviet two-part musical miniseries directed by Leonid Kvinikhidze. The movie's runtime is 141 minutes spread across two episodes/parts, "Lady Perfection" (Russian: "Леди Совершенство") and "Week Ends on Wednesday" (Russian: "Неделя кончается в среду"). It is based on the Mary Poppins stories by P. L. Travers. The TV series was produced by Mosfilm for Gosteleradio. The official television premiere was on January 8, 1984.