hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barking dog reaction
The "Barking Dog" is an exothermic chemical reaction that results from the ignition of a mixture of carbon disulfide and nitrous oxide. When ignited in a cylindrical tube, the reaction produces a bright flash and a loud "woof" - reminiscent of a barking dog.

In simple terms, the 'Barking Dog' reaction is a combustion process, in which a fuel (carbon disulfide, CS2) reacts with an oxidizing agent (nitrous oxide, N2O), producing heat and elemental sulfur.  The flame front in the reaction is a zone of very hot, luminous gas, produced by the reactants decomposing.

8 N2O + 4 CS2 → S8 + 4 CO2 + 8 N2

In April 1853, Justus von Liebig performed the demonstration in front of the Bavarian royal family; however, the glass container shattered, and shards of glass inflicted minor injuries on the faces of Queen Therese, her son Prince Luitpold, and Liebig himself.

Carbon disulfide
Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CS2 and structure S=C=S. It is also considered as the anhydride of thiocarbonic acid. It is a colorless, flammable, neurotoxic liquid that is used as a building block in organic synthesis. Pure carbon disulfide has a pleasant, ether- or chloroform-like odor, but commercial samples are usually yellowish and are typically contaminated with foul-smelling impurities.
Two Hands (song)
"Two Hands" is a song written and performed by Jars of Clay. It is the first radio single from their 2009 studio album, The Long Fall Back to Earth. A remix of the song was available in the iTunes limited edition version of the album.

The Long Fall Back to Earth
The Long Fall Back to Earth is the ninth full-length studio album from the American Christian rock band Jars of Clay. It was released on April 21, 2009, through Gray Matters and Essential Records. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album category in 2010.
Convention People's Party
The Convention People's Party (CPP) is a socialist political party in Ghana based on the ideas of the first President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. The CPP was formed in June 1949 after Nkrumah broke away from the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC).

2008 Ghanaian general election
General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 2008. Since no candidate received more than 50% of the votes, a run-off election was held on 28 December 2008 between the two candidates who received the most votes, Nana Akufo-Addo of the governing New Patriotic Party and John Atta Mills of the opposition National Democratic Congress. Mills was certified as the victor by a margin of less than one percent, winning the presidency on his third attempt. It is to date the closest election in Ghanaian history.
Sudan Defence Force
The Sudan Defence Force (SDF) was a formation of the British Colonial Auxiliary Forces raised in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1925 to assist local police in internal security duties and maintain the condominium's territorial integrity. During World War II, it also served in East Africa as part of the East African campaign and in North Africa during the Western Desert campaign.

Ibrahim Abboud
Ibrahim Abboud (Arabic: إبراهيم عبود; 26 October 1900 – 8 September 1983) was a Sudanese military officer and political figure who served as the head of state of Sudan between 1958 and 1964 and as President of Sudan in 1964; however, he soon resigned, ending Sudan's first period of military rule. A career soldier, Abboud served in World War II in Egypt and Iraq. In 1949, Abboud became the deputy Commander in Chief of the Sudanese military. Upon independence, Abboud became the Commander in Chief of the Military of Sudan.
George Gund II
George Gund II (April 13, 1888 – November 15, 1966) was an American banker, business executive, and real estate investor who lived in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. He inherited his father's fortune and used a portion of it to purchase alien property seized during World War I. He sold this business at significant profit, and invested widely in banking, insurance, and real estate. Among his investments were a large number of shares in the then-small Cleveland Trust Company. Gund became a director of the bank in 1937 and president in 1941. He led the transformation of the institution into one of the largest banks in the United States. He retired as president in 1962, and was named chairman of the board of directors. A philanthropist for most of his life, he established The George Gund Foundation in 1952.

The George Gund Foundation
The George Gund Foundation is a charitable foundation established in 1952 to provide grants in the areas of the arts, civic engagement, community development, economic development, environmental policy, and human services, public education, racial inequality. As of 2019, the foundation had made grants totaling more than $722 million since its inception. It is the second-largest charitable foundation in Cleveland.
Smithwick, South Dakota
Smithwick is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Fall River County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 39 at the 2020 census. Smithwick has been assigned the ZIP code of 57782.

Fall River County, South Dakota
Fall River County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,973. Its county seat is Hot Springs. The county was founded in 1883. It is named for the Fall River which runs through it.
Showcase in a Suitcase
Showcase In A Suitcase is a reggae album comprising showcase (songs followed by dubs) format material produced by Prince Far I, and performed by Prince Far I, Ashanti Roy, The Wailing Souls, and Naggo Morris. The backing band throughout is the Roots Radics. The tracks on the album were taken from singles released on Prince Far I's Cry Tuff label, and remixed for inclusion on the album. The album reached number six in the UK Reggae Chart published by Sounds in December 1980.

Prince Far I
Prince Far I (23 March 1945 – 15 September 1983) was a Jamaican reggae deejay and producer, and a Rastafarian. He was known for his gruff voice and critical assessment of the Jamaican government.  His track "Heavy Manners" used lyrics about government measures initiated at the time against violent crime.
WIMATS
WIMATS is an application software to transcribe mathematical and scientific text input into braille script in braille presses. Based on the Nemeth Code, the output can be printed in a variety of braille embossers. This transcription software was jointly developed by Webel Mediatronics Limited (WML) and International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment (ICEVI), and was officially launched on 17 July 2006.

WIMATS support inputs of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, vector, set notations and Greek alphabets. The graphical user interface is user friendly, and training does not take a long time. This software fulfills a need for the availability of mathematics and science study materials at the higher secondary and college level for visually impaired persons.

ICEVI has a presence in 185 countries; the software, developed jointly with WML, is made available through ICEVI.

Nemeth Braille
The Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics and Science Notation is a Braille code for encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using standard six-dot Braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired. The code was developed by Abraham Nemeth. The Nemeth Code was first written up in 1952. It was revised in 1956, 1965, and 1972. It is an example of a compact human-readable markup language.

Nemeth Braille is just one code used to write mathematics in braille. There are many systems in use around the world.
Gotham Academy (comic book)
Gotham Academy is a comic book series published by DC Comics. The series takes place in the DC Universe's Batman mythos and follows Olive Silverlock, a teenage girl, and her friends as they encounter the mysteries and threats of Gotham's most prestigious prep school, Gotham Academy, which happens to be just across the road from the Arkham Asylum. Aspects of the series were used in the Gotham Knights television series.

Gotham Knights (TV series)
Gotham Knights is an American superhero television series developed by Natalie Abrams, Chad Fiveash, and James Stoteraux for The CW. It centers on members of the Batman family and other DC Comics supporting characters. It premiered on March 14, 2023. In June 2023, the series was canceled after one season, and aired its final episode on June 27, 2023.
Galahad Threepwood
The Honourable Galahad "Gally" Threepwood is a fictional character in the Blandings Castle stories by P. G. Wodehouse. Lord Emsworth's younger brother, a lifelong bachelor, Gally was, according to Beach, the Blandings butler, "somewhat wild as a young man". When he appears in the Blandings books, he is in his fifties, has thick grey hair and wears a black-rimmed monocle on a black ribbon.

Blandings Castle
Blandings Castle is a recurring fictional location in the stories of British comic writer P. G. Wodehouse, being the seat of Lord Emsworth and the setting for numerous tales and adventures. The stories were written between 1915 and 1975.

The series of stories taking place at the castle, in its environs and involving its denizens have come to be known as the "Blandings books", or, in a phrase used by Wodehouse in his preface to the 1969 reprint of the first book, "the Blandings Castle Saga".

In a radio broadcast on 15 July 1961, Evelyn Waugh said: "The gardens of Blandings Castle are that original garden from which we are all exiled."
1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1975 season in the sport of camogie. The championship was won by Wexford who defeated Cork by a surprising ten point margin in the final, Cork having defeated reigning champions Kilkenny in the semi-final.

All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship is a competition for inter-county teams in the women's field sport of game of camogie played in Ireland. The series of games are organised by the Camogie Association and are played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Camogie Final being played in Croke Park, Dublin. The prize for the winning team is the O'Duffy Cup.

The men's equivalent tournament is the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.
BUL Jinja FC
BIDCO Uganda Limited Jinja Football Club, also BUL Jinja FC, is a Ugandan football club from Jinja, in the Eastern Region of the country. The club is owned by the Jinja-based BIDCO Uganda Limited. They play in the top tier division of Ugandan football, the Uganda Premier League and play there home games at FUFA Technical Centre in Njeru.

Bidco Africa
Bidco Africa, previously Bidco Oil Refineries Limited (BORL), is a multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Thika, Kenya, with subsidiaries and distributorships across 17 countries in East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. Its products include edible oils, fats, margarine, laundry bars and detergents, personal care products, animal feeds and most recently, Food and Beverages. Bidco Africa owns over 40 brands and is the largest producer and marketer of consumer goods in the region.
Loophole (1981 film)
Loophole (also known as Break In – Plunged into the Abyss of the Underworld ) is a 1981 British heist crime film directed by John Quested and starring Albert Finney, Martin Sheen, Susannah York, Jonathan Pryce, Colin Blakely and Tony Doyle. It was written by Jonathan Hales, based upon the 1972 novel by Robert Pollock. The music was by Lalo Schifrin.

Colin Blakely
Colin George Edward Blakely (23 September 1930 – 7 May 1987) was a Northern Irish stage and screen actor. He was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance in Sidney Lumet's Equus (1977), and was nominated twice for a Best Actor in Television (1970, 1987). He was also an Olivier Award nominee.

According to the British Film Institute, Blakely's "chunky form and rumpled, good-natured features tended to direct him towards hero's-friend roles, but there was also an impressive toughness and intensity about his work."
Poppies (Mary Oliver poem)
"Poppies" is an inner dialogue poem written by Mary Oliver. The poem is focused on elements of nature, a common thread within Oliver's poetry, and calls readers to focus on the instruction that nature might supply.

Mary Oliver
Mary Jane Oliver (September 10, 1935 – January 17, 2019) was an American poet who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984 and the National Book Award in 1992. She found inspiration for her work in nature and had a lifelong habit of solitary walks in the wild. Her poetry is characterized by wonderment at the natural environment, vivid imagery, and unadorned language. In 2007, she was declared the best-selling poet in the United States.
Winchester Model 1897
The Winchester Model 1897, also known as the Model 97, M97, Riot Gun, or Trench Gun, is a pump-action shotgun with an external hammer and tube magazine manufactured by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. The Model 1897 was an evolution of the Winchester Model 1893 designed by John Browning. From 1897 until 1957, over one million of these shotguns were produced. The Model 1897 was offered in numerous barrel lengths and grades, chambered in 12 and 16 gauge, and as a solid frame or takedown. The 16-gauge guns had a standard barrel length of 28 in (71 cm), while 12-gauge guns were furnished with 30 in (76 cm) barrels. Special length barrels could be ordered in lengths as short as 20 in (51 cm) or as long as 36 in (91 cm). Since the time the Model 1897 was first manufactured, it has been used to great effect by American military personnel, law enforcement officers, and hunters.

Winchester Repeating Arms Company
The Winchester Repeating Arms Company was a prominent American manufacturer of repeating firearms and ammunition. The firm was established in 1866 by Oliver Winchester and was located in New Haven, Connecticut. The firm went into receivership in 1931 and was bought by the Western Cartridge Company, a forerunner of the Olin Corporation. The Winchester brand name is still owned by the Olin Corporation, which makes ammunition under that name. The Winchester name is also used under license for firearms produced by two subsidiaries of the Herstal Group – FN Herstal of Belgium and the Browning Arms Company of Ogden, Utah.
Al-Musta'in II
Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn Hud (Arabic: أبو جعفر أحمد بن يوسف بن هود), known by the regnal name al-Musta'in Billah (Arabic: المستعين بالله, lit. 'He who looks for help to God'), was the fourth member of the Banu Hud family to rule the Taifa of Zaragoza. He ruled from 1085 to 1110. He was the son of Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud.

He died in the battle of Valtierra on 24 January 1110.

Taifa of Zaragoza
The taifa of Zaragoza (Arabic: طائفة سرقسطة) was an independent Arab Muslim state in the east of Al-Andalus (present-day Spain) with its capital in Saraqusta (Zaragoza) city. It was established in the early 11th century as one of the many Taifa kingdoms that followed the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba around this time. It survived until 1110, when it was annexed by the Almoravids.
RAF St Pancras
RAF St Pancras was a temporary, but official, Royal Air Force station established in the Somers Town Goods Yard beside St Pancras railway station in London. The base was opened and closed in May 1969. It served as the takeoff location of the winning entry of Flt Lt Tom Lecky-Thompson and Harrier XV741 in the London to New York leg of the Daily Mail Trans-Atlantic Air Race on 5 May. It also was the landing location for Harrier XV744 piloted by Sqn Ldr Graham Williams in the New York to London leg of the race on 9 May.

Daily Mail Trans-Atlantic Air Race
The Daily Mail Trans-Atlantic Air Race was a two-way race between London, UK and New York City, USA to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the first trans-atlantic crossing by John Alcock and Arthur Brown.
Jan Todd
Janice Todd (née Suffolk; born May 22, 1952) is an American former powerlifter, historian, researcher and a strength and physical culture promoter. She is a professor and department chair in the Department of Kinesiology and Health Education at The University of Texas at Austin. Todd is a member of the sport management faculty, and teaches classes in sport history, sport philosophy, and sport and ethics. An active lecturer, Todd was named the Seward Staley Honor Lecturer for the North American Society for Sport History in 2008.

Dinnie Stones
57°3′54″N 2°39′4″W﻿ / ﻿57.06500°N 2.65111°W﻿ / 57.06500; -2.65111

The Dinnie Stones (also called Stanes or Steens) are a pair of Scottish lifting stones located in Potarch, Aberdeenshire. They were made famous by strongman Donald Dinnie, who reportedly carried the stones barehanded across the width of the Potarch Bridge, a distance of 17 ft 1+1⁄2 in (5.22 m), in 1860. They remain in use as lifting stones.

The stones are composed of granite, with iron rings affixed. They have a combined weight of 733 lb (332+1⁄2 kg), with the larger stone weighing 414.5 lb (188 kg) and the smaller stone weighing 318.5 lb (144+1⁄2 kg).

The stones were reportedly selected in the 1830s as counterweights for use in maintaining the Potarch Bridge. They were lost following World War I, but were rediscovered in 1953 by David P. Webster.
Mogoro
Mogoro, Mòguru in sardinian language, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Oristano.

Mogoro borders the following municipalities: Collinas, Gonnostramatza, Masullas, Pabillonis, San Nicolò d'Arcidano, Sardara, Uras. Sights include the Romanesque-Gothic church of the Carmine, built in the early 14th century and the church of Sant'Antioco.

Province of Oristano
The province of Oristano (Italian: provincia di Oristano; Sardinian: provìntzia de Aristanis) is a province in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. Its capital is the city of Oristano. There are 87 municipalities (comuni) in the province.

As of 2025, the province has a population of 148,005 in an area of 2,990.45 square kilometres (1,154.62 mi2).

It is bordered with on the north by province of Sassari, on east by the province of Nuoro, on south by the province of South Sardinia and it is bathed from the Sea of Sardinia to the west.
Santa Lucía, Corrientes
Santa Lucía is a city in the province of Corrientes, Argentina. It has 11,589 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [INDEC]. It lies on the western shore of the Santa Lucía River, between this river and the nearby Paraná, about 20 km northeast from the city of Goya and 170 km south from the provincial capital Corrientes.

The city hosts a National Horticulture Festival every year during the first half of November.

Santa Lucía River (Argentina)
The Santa Lucía River (Spanish, Río Santa Lucía) is a river in Corrientes Province, Argentina. It is a tributary of the Paraná River.

The Santa Lucía arises in the Iberá Wetlands and flows southwest past the towns of San Roque and Santa Lucía, then on to Goya, where it joins the Paraná.
Red Star (UK)
Red Star was a revolutionary socialist organisation in Britain formed by former members of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee), the Alliance for Workers' Liberty and the Peace Party.

Founded in July 2004 as the Red Party, it produced five issues of its paper called the Red Star.

Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee)
The Communist Party of Great Britain is a political group which publishes the Weekly Worker newspaper. The CPGB (PCC) claims to have "an internationalist duty to uphold the principle, 'One state, one party'. To the extent that the European Union becomes a state then that necessitates EU-wide trade unions and a Communist Party of the EU". In addition, it is in favour of the unification of the entire working class under a new Communist International. It is not to be confused with the former Communist Party of Great Britain, the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist), or the current Communist Party of Britain.
Plantersville, South Carolina
Plantersville is an unincorporated community in Georgetown County, South Carolina, United States. The community is six miles north of Georgetown on U.S. Route 701. Plantersville is home to many plantations and rice fields. Plantersville Elementary School is also located within the community.

Prince Frederick's Chapel Ruins, Summer Chapel Rectory, Prince Frederick's Episcopal Church, and Summer Chapel, Prince Frederick's Episcopal Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Georgetown County, South Carolina
Georgetown County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 63,404. Its county seat is Georgetown. The county was founded in 1769. It is named for George III of the United Kingdom. Georgetown County comprises the Murrells Inlet, SC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC Combined Statistical Area.
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
The University of Sri Jayewardenepura (also known as Jayawardhanapura University or USJ; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, romanized: Çri Jayawardhanapura Wishwawidyala, Tamil: ஸ்ரீ ஜயவர்தனபுர பல்கலைக்கழகம்) is a public university in Sri Lanka. It is in Gangodawila, Nugegoda, near Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, the country's administrative capital. It was formed in 1958 from the Vidyodaya Pirivena, a Buddhist educational centre which was founded in 1873 by Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera.

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Sinhala pronunciation: [ʃriː dʒəjəʋərd̪enepurə ˈkoʈːeː]), also known as Kotte, is the capital city of Sri Lanka. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is located adjacent to the urban area of Sri Lanka's de facto economic capital, Colombo.

The Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Municipal Council area is bounded in:

the North by Kolonnawa Urban Council area,

the North-East by the Kotikawatta–Mulleriyawa Pradeshiya Sabha area,

the East by the Kaduwela Municipal Council area,

the South-East by the Maharagama Urban Council area,

the South-West by the Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia Municipal Council and

the West by the Colombo Municipal Council area, which is the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.
Zwickauer Mulde
The Zwickauer Mulde (German pronunciation: [ˈtsvɪkaʊɐ ˈmʊldə]) is a river in Saxony, Germany. It is the left tributary of the Mulde and 166 km (103 mi) in length.

The source of the river is in the Ore Mountains, near Schöneck, in the Vogtlandkreis. It runs northeast to Aue, then northwest to Zwickau (hence the name), and further north through Glauchau, Rochlitz and Colditz. A few kilometers north of Colditz, the Zwickauer Mulde is joined by the Freiberger Mulde to form the united Mulde. The Mulde is a tributary of the Elbe.

Aue, Saxony
Aue (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊ̯ə] ⓘ) is a small town in Germany at the outlet of the river Schwarzwasser into the river Zwickauer Mulde in the Ore Mountains, and has roughly 16,000 inhabitants. It was merged into the new town Aue-Bad Schlema in January 2019. Aue was the administrative seat of the former district of Aue-Schwarzenberg in Saxony, and is part of the Erzgebirgskreis since August 2008. It belongs to the Silberberg Town League (Städtebund Silberberg)

The mining town has been known for its copper, titanium, and kaolinite. The town was a machine-building and cutlery manufacturing centre in East German times and is now developing tourism, as the Silver Road (Silberstraße) runs through town. The town is also known for the football club FC Erzgebirge Aue, which is currently playing in the 3rd German division (3. Bundesliga)

Aue was until 1991 a centre of the Sowjetisch-Deutsche Aktiengesellschaft Wismut (“Soviet-German Wismut Corporation”, or SDAG Wismut).