hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilhelm Alexander Freund
Wilhelm Alexander Freund (26 August 1833 – 24 December 1917) was a German gynecologist who was a native of Krappitz, Silesia.

Born into a Jewish family, in 1855 he earned his medical degree at the University of Breslau, afterwards practicing gynecology in the same city. In 1874 he became an associate professor at Breslau. In 1879 he relocated to Strasbourg, where he served as a professor of gynecology and obstetrics. He died in Berlin.

In January 1878, Freund performed the first abdominal extirpation of a cancerous uterus. Twenty years later in 1898, Austrian gynecologist Ernst Wertheim (1864-1920) became the first physician to completely extirpate the uterus via the abdomen.

The eponymous "Freund's anomaly" is a narrowing of the upper thoracic aperture caused by a shortening of the first rib and associated cartilage.

Krapkowice
Krapkowice (Polish: [krapkɔˈvit͡sɛ] ⓘ; German: Krappitz; Silesian: Krapkowicy) is a town in southern Poland with 16,301 inhabitants (2019), situated in the Opole Voivodeship, straddling both banks of the Oder River at the point where it joins with the Osobłoga. It is the regional capital of Krapkowice County.

Traditionally this Upper Silesian town was a centre for leather, paper and cement manufacturing. Today only the paper and leather industries remain. For example, in Krapkowice the toilet paper brand Mola is produced by a major job provider, Metsä.

Historically, it was known in Polish as Krapkowice, Chrapkowice and Krapowice.
STAR METRICS
STAR METRICS (Science and Technology for America's Reinvestment: Measuring the EffecT of Research on Innovation, Competitiveness and Science) was a partnership (STAR METRICS Consortium) between United States federal science agencies and research institutions to document the return on investment, research impact, and social outcomes of federally funded research and development. The federal consortium comprised the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation, (NSF), the US Department of Agriculture, (USDA), and the US Environmental Protection Agency,(EPA). NIH was the host agency for the consortium, which was governed by an Executive Committee and an advisory interagency working group.

It was announced by OSTP on 28 May 2010 in a press release titled "STAR METRICS: New Way to Measure the Impact of Federally Funded Research".

Scientometrics
Scientometrics is a subfield of informetrics that studies quantitative aspects of scholarly literature. Major research issues in scientometrics include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts.

In practice, there is a substantial overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields, including information systems, information science, the science of science policy, the sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that overreliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research.
Sean Anthony (basketball)
Sean Michael Dee Anthony (born January 26, 1986) is a Filipino-Canadian former professional basketball player. He played for eight teams during his career in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was drafted sixth overall in 2010 by the Air21 Express but was immediately shipped to the Powerade Tigers on draft night. In his rookie year, he won the Rookie Sophomore Blitz game MVP. He played for 8 teams in 15 years in the PBA.

Powerade Tigers
The Powerade Tigers were a professional basketball team that played in the Philippine Basketball Association from 2002 to 2012. The franchise was owned by Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. (CCBPI) when the company acquired Cosmos Bottling Corporation from RFM Corporation. From 2002 to 2010, the team played as the Coca-Cola Tigers. The franchise won two PBA championships, in 2002 and 2003.
2005 NASCAR Busch Series
The 2005 NASCAR Busch Series began with the Hershey's Take 5 300 at Daytona International Speedway and concluded with the Ford 300 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Martin Truex Jr. of Chance 2 Motorsports was crowned champion for the second consecutive year.

The year saw at least two significant changes:

The top 30 teams in the previous season's owner points, provided that they attempted all races that season, were guaranteed starting spots in the first five races of 2005.  However, only 26 teams met the criteria, so for those races additional spots were available for teams having to qualify on time.  After the fifth race, the top 30 teams received the guaranteed starting spots.

The series ran on the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez road course in Mexico City in March. It was the first Busch Series race conducted outside the United States.

Johnny Sauter
Jonathan Joseph Sauter (born May 1, 1978) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 66 Ford F-150 for ThorSport Racing. He has also driven in the NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series in the past. Sauter is the son of former NASCAR driver Jim Sauter, the brother of NASCAR drivers Tim Sauter and Jay Sauter, and the uncle of Travis Sauter. He is the 2016 Truck Series champion.
Half Angel (1936 film)
Half Angel is a 1936 American comedy film directed by Sidney Lanfield and written by Gene Fowler, Bess Meredyth and Allen Rivkin. The film stars Frances Dee, Brian Donlevy, Charles Butterworth and was released on May 22, 1936 by Twentieth Century-Fox.

Bess Meredyth
Bess Meredyth (born Helen Elizabeth MacGlashan,  February 12, 1890 – July 13, 1969) was a screenwriter and silent film actress. The wife of film director Michael Curtiz, Meredyth wrote The Affairs of Cellini (1934) and adapted The Unsuspected (1947). She was one of the 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Rock Witchu Tour
Rock Witchu Tour was the fifth concert tour by American singer Janet Jackson, in support of her tenth studio album Discipline (2008), and her first in nearly seven years, following a total blacklist of the singer's music, due to the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy. The tour began on September 10, 2008, in Vancouver, Canada, and was scheduled to conclude in Fukuoka, Japan, on February 22, 2009. However, several North American dates were cancelled due to Jackson's vertigo, and the upcoming Japanese leg was scrapped, following the 2009 economic crisis and another bout of illness for the singer. The tour officially ended on November 1, 2008, in New York City, resulting in only sixteen shows. Still, the tour received rave reviews, and at the end of 2008, was placed 78th on Pollstar's "Top 100 North American Tours", grossing $11.7 million.

Luv (Janet Jackson song)
"Luv" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson for her tenth studio album Discipline (2008). Written by Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, Dernst "D'Mile" Emile, Tasleema Yasin, and LaShawn Daniels, the song's production was handled by Darkchild and D'Mile. Described as a "feel-good" clap-and-bounce track, "Luv" is an electro-R&B song, with Jackson relating a car crash to falling in love.

"Luv" was released to urban contemporary radio on February 11, 2008, by Island Records as the third single from Discipline. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, who agreed that it resembles her early hits and highlighted it as one of the album's best tracks. "Luv" had limited chart success, managing to reach number 34 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton
Oromocto-Lincoln-Fredericton was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.  It was first contested in the 2014 general election, created in the 2013 redistribution of electoral boundaries from portions of the former ridings of Oromocto and Fredericton-Lincoln.

The district included all of the Town of Oromocto, the unincorporated community of Lincoln and CFB Gagetown, as well as a significant portion of the City of Fredericton.  The riding was named Oromocto-Lincoln from 2014 to 2017 until it was renamed to recognize the significant portion of Fredericton contained in the riding.

Fredericton-Lincoln
Fredericton-Lincoln is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. It was first created in the 2006 redrawing of electoral districts and was first used in the general election later that year. Its last Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) was Craig Leonard who served in the cabinet as Minister of Government Services.
Horse burial
Horse burial is the practice of burying a horse as part of the ritual of human burial. The practice is found among many Indo-European speaking peoples; it is also found in other cultures, including Chinese and Turkic peoples. The act indicates the high value placed on horses in the particular cultures and provides evidence of the migration of peoples with a horse culture. Human burials that contain other livestock are rare; in Britain, for example, 31 horse burials have been discovered but only one cow burial, unique in Europe. This process of horse burial is part of a wider tradition of horse sacrifice. An associated ritual is that of chariot burial, in which an entire chariot, with or without a horse, is buried with a dead person.

Horse sacrifice
Horse sacrifice is the ritual killing and offering of a horse, usually as part of a religious or cultural ritual. Horse sacrifices were common throughout Eurasia with the domestication of the horse and continuing up until the spread of Abrahamic religions, or in some places like Mongolia. The practice is rarely observed in some cultures even today.

Many ethnic religions from Indo-European speaking peoples show evidence for horse sacrifice, and comparative mythology suggests that they derive from a purported Proto-Indo-European ritual and common root, though the practice is also observed among non-Indo-European speaking peoples, especially in nomadic societies from the Eurasian steppe.
Metroline
Metroline is a bus operator operating primarily in Greater London and partially in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire. It is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro and operates bus services for London Buses under contract to Transport for London. Operations are run under two registered companies, Metroline Travel Limited and Metroline West Limited.

London Buses
London Buses is the subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL) that manages most bus services in London, England. It was formed following the Greater London Authority Act 1999 that transferred control of London Regional Transport (LRT) bus services to TfL, controlled by the Mayor of London.
Pietro Paolo Parzanese
Pietro Paolo Parzanese (November 11, 1809 – August 29, 1852) was an Italian presbyter, poet and translator.

Pietro Paolo Parzanese spent almost all his life in his hometown Ariano, where he worked as a priest and a literature and theology teacher in the local seminary. Although he often traveled to Naples, where he had contacts with the literary circles of the capital, and despite having also known of the German romantics, for his poetry, of personal imprint, Parzanese was accused of provincialism by Italian literary critic Francesco de Sanctis ("good and pious poet of the village"). According to Luigi Baldacci, the verses of  Parzanese are above all the vehicle of a political ideology.

Ariano Irpino
Ariano Irpino (Italian pronunciation: [aˈrjaːno irˈpiːno]), known until 1930 as Ariano di Puglia, and historically and in the local dialect simply as Ariano, is an Italian commune with a population of 20,706 inhabitants located in the Province of Avellino within the Campania region.

Perched atop a highland straddling the Apennines and endowed with an expansive territory at the crossroads of ancient routes, this small town swiftly gained strategic prominence, rising from the Early Middle Ages to become the seat of both the Diocese of Ariano and the County of Ariano.

Chosen by King Roger II of Sicily as the venue for the renowned Assizes of Ariano, celebrated for the artistry of its maiolica, the town proudly bears the title of city within the farthest reaches of the regional hinterland, directly bordering Apulia.
Swann Arlaud
Swann Arlaud (born 25 March 1981) is a French actor. He has appeared in films such as Romantics Anonymous (2010), Elles (2011), Les Anarchistes (2015), The Wakhan Front (2015), Baden Baden (2016), Bloody Milk (2017), By the Grace of God (2019), Valiant Hearts (2021), and Anatomy of a Fall (2023). Arlaud has won three César Awards. He won the César Award for Best Actor for Bloody Milk in 2018, and the César Award for Best Supporting Actor for both By the Grace of God in 2020 and for Anatomy of a Fall in 2024.

Romantics Anonymous
Romantics Anonymous (French: Les Émotifs anonymes) is a 2010 French-Belgian romantic comedy film directed by Jean-Pierre Améris and starring Benoît Poelvoorde and Isabelle Carré. It received three nominations at the 2nd Magritte Awards, winning Best Foreign Film in Coproduction.
Gustaf Douglas
Gustaf Archibald Siegwart Douglas (3 March 1938 – 3 May 2023) was a Swedish aristocrat, billionaire businessman, and politician. In August 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$7.2 billion. In 2007 he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences.

Max Emanuel Herzog in Bayern
Max Emanuel Ludwig Maria Herzog in Bayern (sometimes styled Prince Max of Bavaria, Duke in Bavaria; born 21 January 1937) is the younger son of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria and his first wife Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan. He is the heir presumptive to both the headship of the former Bavarian royal house and the Jacobite succession.
Count of Alcoutim
Count of Alcoutim (in Portuguese Conde de Alcoutim) was a Portuguese title of nobility, subsidiary to the one of Marquis of Vila Real, created by a royal decree, dated from November 15, 1496, by King John II of Portugal, and granted to Dom Fernando de Menezes, also known as Ferdinand II of Menezes, 2nd Marquis of Vila Real, 4th Count of Vila Real and 2nd Count of Valença.

Ferdinand of Menezes had married Dona Maria Freire de Andrade, Lady of Alcoutim, and through her wife he inherited these estates.

Duke of Vila Real
Duke of Vila Real (in Portuguese Duque de Vila Real) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by royal decree, dated from February 28, 1585, by King Philip I of Portugal (also known as Philip II of Spain), and granted to Dom Manuel de Menezes, 5th Marquis of Vila Real and 7th Count of Vila Real.

The title was granted by the King in one life, to the 5th Marquis of Vila Real, due his personal support to the Spanish Habsburgs during the 1580 Portuguese succession crisis.
John F. Kennedy High School (Connecticut)
John F. Kennedy High School is a high school, located in the city of Waterbury, Connecticut, United States. U.S. Congresswoman Jahana Hayes was a teacher here, and won National Teacher of the Year in 2016, prior to her successful run for congress in 2018.

Jahana Hayes
Jahana Hayes (née Flemming: born March 8, 1973) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Connecticut's 5th congressional district since 2019. The district, once represented by U.S. Senator Chris Murphy, comprises much of the state's northwestern portion, including New Britain, Danbury, and Waterbury. A member of the Democratic Party, Hayes became the first Black woman elected to represent Connecticut in Congress. She was recognized as the National Teacher of the Year in 2016.
Vikas Grover
Vikas Grover is an Indian actor who is known for his roles in the Sony SAB's show Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga as the role of Gulbadan. and Devrishi Narada in Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan.

He has also started in many other television series namely Beintehaa,  Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey, Yam Hain Hum, Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji and Maaya 2. He played the role of Harry Khatri in Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey.

Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey
Jeet Gayi Toh Piya Morey (English: I'm on the edge) is an Indian Hindi romantic drama television series, which premiered on 21 August 2017 and was broadcast on Zee TV. The series was produced by Jay Production of Jay Mehta. The series ended on 23 July 2018.  it replaced Sethji.
Boreas Railroad Station Site
The Boreas Railroad Station Site is a 19 acres (7.7 ha) site in Pike National Forest near Como, Colorado, United States, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.  The listed area spans the border of Park and Summit counties.

The site, at 11,498 feet (3,505 m) elevation, is at Boreas Pass, which the Denver, South Park & Pacific Railroad narrow-gauge line crossed in 1893 by a "twisty route".

A post office operated there from 1896 to 1905.

The listing includes two contributing buildings and a contributing site.  The site is deemed significant for its potential to yield information.

Boreas Pass
Boreas Pass (elevation 11,481 ft (3,499 m)) is a high mountain pass in central Colorado, in the Rocky Mountains of the western United States. The pass is located on the continental divide, at the crest of the Front Range along the border between Park (south) and Summit counties.
1919 Emergency National Convention
The 1919 Emergency National Convention of the Socialist Party of America was held in Chicago from August 30 to September 5, 1919. It was a seminal gathering in the history of American radicalism, marked by the bolting of the party's organized left wing to establish the Communist Labor Party of America.

Communist Labor Party of America
The Communist Labor Party of America (CLPA) was one of the organizational predecessors of the Communist Party USA.

The group was established at the end of August 1919 following a three-way split of the Socialist Party of America. Although a legal political party at the time of its formation, with a form of organization closely resembling that of the Socialist Party whence it sprung, the group was quickly forced underground by the Palmer Raids of January 1920 and thereafter conducted its activities in secret.

The group merged with a dissident faction of the Communist Party of America in May 1921 to form the United Communist Party of America.
Dick Clark (Florida politician)
Richard Wayne "Dick" Clark (May 9, 1933 – October 5, 2019) was an American politician from Florida who served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives in the 93rd district from 1968 to 1976 He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Clark was born in San Antonio, Texas. He moved to Florida at the age of four and later attended Loyola University, where he was a member of Upsilon Beta Lambda. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1968 to 1976 as a Democrat. He also served as Majority Leader of the Florida House of Representatives towards the end of his term.

He was a general contractor by profession. He was the brother of Miami mayor Stephen P. Clark. Clark died on October 5, 2019.

Stephen P. Clark
Stephen Patrick Clark (November 19, 1923 – June 4, 1996) was an American politician who served as Mayor of Metropolitan Dade County (now Miami-Dade County), Florida from 1970 to 1972 and from 1974 to April 1993, when a federal judge abolished the post. He was also Mayor of Miami from 1967 to 1970 and from 1993 to his death from stomach cancer in 1996.
Lumad
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous peoples in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning 'native' or 'indigenous'. The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (lit. 'indigenous people'), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato. Usage of the term was accepted in Philippine jurisprudence when President Corazon Aquino signed into law Republic Act 6734, where the word was used in Art. XIII sec. 8(2) to distinguish Lumad ethnic communities from the islands of Mindanao.

Mindanao is home to a substantial part of the country's indigenous population, comprising around 15% of the Philippine population.

Aeta people
Aeta (Ayta /ˈaɪtə/ EYE-tə), Agta and Dumagat, are collective terms for several indigenous peoples who live in various parts of Luzon islands in the Philippines. They are included in the wider Negrito grouping of South and Southeast Asia, with whom they share superficial common physical characteristics such as: dark skin tones; short statures; frizzy to curly hair; and a higher frequency of naturally lighter hair colour (blondism) relative to the general population. They are thought to be among the earliest inhabitants of the Philippines—preceding the Austronesian migrations. Regardless, the modern Aeta populations have significant Austronesian admixture, and speak Austronesian languages.

Aeta communities were historically nomadic hunter-gatherers, typically consisting of approximately one to five families per mobile group. Groups under the "Aeta" umbrella term are normally referred to after their geographic locations or their common languages.
Gustavus, Alaska
Gustavus (Lingít: Wanachích T’aak Héen) (gus-TAY-vəs) is a second-class city in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. According to the 2020 census, its population of 655, reflects a 48% increase from 442 in the 2010 census, making it one of the fastest growing communities in Alaska.

Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska
Hoonah–Angoon Census Area is a census area located in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,365, up from 2,150 in 2010. It is part of the unorganized borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest community is the city of Hoonah.
Sambians
The Sambians were a Prussian tribe. They inhabited the Sambia Peninsula north of the city of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad). Sambians were located in a coastal territory rich in amber and engaged in trade early on (see Amber Road). Therefore, they established contacts with foreign nations before any other Prussians. However, as with all other Prussians, they were conquered by the Teutonic Knights, and, exposed to assimilation and Germanization, became extinct sometime in the 17th century.

The Sambians bordered the Natangians in the south, and the Nadruvians in the east.

Sambia Peninsula
Sambia (Russian: Самбийский полуостров, romanized: Sambiysky poluostrov, lit. 'Sambian Peninsula') or Samland (Russian: Земландский полуостров, romanized: Zemlandsky poluostrov, lit. 'Zemlandic Peninsula') or Kaliningrad Peninsula (official name, Russian: Калининградский полуостров, Kaliningradsky poluostrov) is a peninsula in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, on the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea. The peninsula is bounded by the Curonian Lagoon to the north-east, the Vistula Lagoon in the southwest, the Pregolya River in the south, and the Deyma River in the east. As Sambia is surrounded on all sides by water, it is technically an island. Historically it formed an important part of the historic region of Prussia.
Birmensdorf railway station
Birmensdorf is a railway station in the municipality of Birmensdorf, in the Swiss canton of Zurich. The station is located on the Zurich to Zug via Affoltern am Albis railway line, within fare zone 154 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

S14 (ZVV)
The S14 is a regional railway line of the Zürich S-Bahn on the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), Zürich transportation network, in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland.

At Zürich HB, trains of the S14 service usually depart from underground tracks (Gleis) 31–34 (Löwenstrasse station).