hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Dinwiddie (astronomer)
James Dinwiddie (born 8 December 1746 in Dumfries – died 19 March 1815 in Pentonville) was a Scottish physicist, astronomer, inventor and natural philosopher. He was an early example of a science popularizer, giving tours and experimental demonstrations across England and Ireland. He travelled and resided in Calcutta, India and travelled to China along with Lord Macartney as part of the Macartney Embassy to lecture on physics and promote British astronomical techniques.

Macartney Embassy
The Macartney Embassy (Chinese: 馬加爾尼使團), also called the Macartney Mission, was the first British diplomatic mission to China, which took place in 1793. It is named for its leader, George Macartney, Great Britain's first envoy to China. The goals of the mission included the opening of new ports for British trade in China, the establishment of a permanent embassy in Beijing, the cession of a small island for British use along China's coast, and the relaxation of trade restrictions on British merchants in Guangzhou (Canton). Macartney's delegation met with the Qianlong Emperor, who rejected all of the mission's requests. Although the mission failed to achieve its official objectives, it was later noted for the extensive cultural, political, and geographical observations its participants recorded in China and brought back to Europe. It came to light in 1796 that a Chinese court official, Heshen, was embezzling state funds and had frustrated the mission.
I Glykeria Tragoudai Antoni Vardi
I Glykeria Tragoudai Antoni Vardi (Greek: Η Γλυκερία Τραγουδάει Αντώνη Βαρδή; English: Glykeria sings Antonis Vardis) is a studio album by Greek artist Glykeria released in 1996 by Sony Music Greece. It was her first release on her 10-year contract with the company. The whole album is composed by Antonis Vardis, a famous Greek singer-songwriter and composer.

Glykeria
Glykeria (born Glykeria Kotsoula, Greek: Γλυκερία; born 16 November 1953 in Agio Pnevma, Serres) is a Greek singer active in Greece and Cyprus, while also gaining fame in Israel, France, Turkey, Spain, and England. Her career has spanned over 30 years and is marked by several multi-platinum releases. On 14 March 2010, Alpha TV ranked Glykeria the third top-certified female artist in the nation's phonographic era (since 1960).
Venice Lido
The Lido, or Venice Lido (Italian: Lido di Venezia), is an 11-kilometre-long (7-mile) barrier island  in the Venetian Lagoon, Northern Italy; it is home to about 20,400 residents.  The Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido in late August/early September.

Pietro II Orseolo
Pietro II Orseolo (961−1009) was the Doge of Venice from 991 to 1009, and a member of the House of Orseolo. He began the period of eastern expansion of Venice that lasted for the better part of 500 years. He secured his influence in the Dalmatian Romanized settlements from the Croats and Narentines, freed Venice from a 50-year-old taxation to the latter, and started Venice's expansions by conquering the islands of Lastovo (Lagosta) and Korčula (Curzola) and acquiring Dubrovnik (Ragusa).

These actions marked the beginning of the Stato da Màr, Venice's overseas dominion, and laid the foundation for its maritime empire.
Rural Municipality of Insinger No. 275
The Rural Municipality of Insinger No. 275 (2016 population: 315) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 9 and SARM Division No. 4. It is located in the east-central portion of the province.

SARM Division No. 4
SARM Division No. 4 is a division of the Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities (SARM) within the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is located in the north-east area of the province. There are 43 rural municipalities in this division. The current director for Division 4 is Myron Kopec.
Netru Indru Naalai (2008 film)
Netru Indru Naalai  (transl. Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow) is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language film produced by Nukarapu Surya Prakasa Rao and directed by Lakshmikant Chenna. The film stars Ravi Krishna and Rekha Vedavyas (credited as Akshara). The film was simultaneously made in Telugu as Ninna Nedu Repu. The music was composed by Anil, and the film released on 9 October 2008.

Rekha Vedavyas
Rekha, also known as Akshara, is a former Indian actress, who predominantly acts in Kannada films and also appears in Telugu and Tamil films. While pursuing modelling, she made her acting debut in the 2001 Kannada film Chitra and has since starred in over 30 films in various South Indian languages.
Buick Envista
The Buick Envista is a compact crossover SUV with a fastback design manufactured by General Motors and marketed under the Buick brand since 2022 for the model years 2023 onward, 2024 for North America. It shares the GM VSS-F platform with the Chevrolet Trax (marketed as the Seeker in China).

Presented for the Chinese market in August 2022, GM introduced the Envista in April 2023 in the United States and Canada. The Envista is manufactured in Changwon, South Korea by GM Korea and in China by SAIC-GM.

Buick
Buick (/ˈbjuːɪk/; BYOO-ik) is a division of the American automobile manufacturer, General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American automobile brands and was the company that established General Motors in 1908. Before the establishment of General Motors, GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick's general manager and major investor. With the demise of Oldsmobile in 2004, Buick became the oldest surviving American carmaker. Buick is positioned as a premium automobile brand, selling vehicles positioned below the flagship luxury Cadillac division.
Saint George and the Dragon (Otto Meyer)
The Saint George and the Dragon sculpture is located in Köpmantorget (Merchants' Street) in Gamla stan, Stockholm, Sweden. Unveiled on 10 October 1912, marking the anniversary of the Battle of Brunkeberg, it is a bronze replica of Bernt Notke's wooden Saint George and the Dragon, which is in Stockholm's Storkyrkan. It is dedicated to Saint George, in particular the legend of Saint George and the Dragon.

The sculpture was moulded by Otto Meyer. It depicts the knight, sword raised, about to deliver the final blow to the dragon, which is lying prone on its back having been lanced.

The sculpture's unveiling ceremony, 10 October 1912, looking northwest

Köpmantorget
Köpmantorget (Swedish: "Merchant's Square") is a small public square in Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden. It is located between the street Köpmangatan to the west and between two slopes collectively named Köpmanbrinken, both of which lead down to the street Österlånggatan. On its western side, two streets lead north and south: Bollhusgränd and Baggensgatan respectively.
Manzana (unit)
A manzana is a unit of area used in Argentina and in many Central American countries, originally defined as 10,000 square varas in Spanish customary units. In other Spanish-speaking regions, the term has the meaning of a city block.

Today its size varies between countries:

In Argentina it is a hectare, 10,000 m2.

In most Central American countries it is about 7,000 m2 (1.7 acres), varying between countries.

In Belize it is 8,353 m2 (2.064 acres).

In Nicaragua it is 7,042.25 m2 (1.74018 acres).

If a vara is taken as 83.59 cm, then a manzana of 10,000 square varas is equal to 6,987.29 m2. In calculations, the approximate value of 7000 m2 (or equivalently 0.7 ha) is often used to simplify conversion.

Spanish units of measurement
There are a number of Spanish units of measurement of length or area that are now virtually obsolete due to metrication. They include the vara, the cordel, the league and the labor. The units of area used to express the area of land are still encountered in some transactions in land today.
Safat Clocktower
Safat Clocktower (Arabic: برج ساعة الصفاة), so called from the plaza it overlooks from the east, and colloquially nicknamed Big Ben of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: الساعة ببيغ بن السعودية), is a freestanding historic clocktower in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located east of the al-Hukm Palace compound in the Qasr al-Hukm District, nearby Souq al-Thumairi. Built in 1966 using German technology, it once served as a popular cultural landmark in the city until the 1970s. It was renovated in the second phase of the Qasr Al-Hukm District Development Project between 1988 and 1992.

Souq al-Thumairi
Souq al-Thumairi (Arabic: سوق الثميري), also known as the Clocktower Souq, is a historic traditional marketplace in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located on the either side of the Thumairi Street in the Qasr al-Hukm District. It is known for its gold markets and jewelry stores, besides several heritage shops that specialize in the sale of antique firearms and other souvenir items. It stretches from the Thumairi Gate, which it is named after, and culminates at the Safat Clocktower. The avenue was rebuilt in the 1990s in the modern Najdi architectural style as part of the Qasr Al Hukm District Development Project.
Saxon Visitation Articles
Visitation Articles in the Entire Electorate of Saxony (German: Visitation-Artikel in gantzen Churkreiss Sachsen) are a Lutheran doctrinal statement written by Aegidius Hunnius and other theologians against Crypto-Calvinism on request of administrator Frederick William. They were written in 1592, and first published in German in 1593.

Until 1836 all teachers and ministers in Electoral Saxony were required to subscribe also to the Visitation Articles as a doctrinal norm.

Crypto-Calvinism
Crypto-Calvinism is a pejorative term describing a segment of those members of the Lutheran Church in Germany who were accused of secretly subscribing to Calvinist doctrine of the Eucharist in the decades immediately after the death of Martin Luther in 1546. It denotes what was seen as a hidden (crypto- from Greek: κρύπτω meaning "to hide, conceal, to be hid") Calvinist belief, i.e., the doctrines of John Calvin, by members of the Lutheran Church. The term crypto-Calvinist in Lutheranism was preceded by terms Zwinglian and Sacramentarian. Also, Jansenism has been accused of crypto-Calvinism by Roman Catholics.
Chapman Medal
The Chapman Medal is an award of the Royal Astronomical Society, given for "investigations of outstanding merit in the science of the Sun, space and planetary environments or solar-terrestrial physics". It is named after Sydney Chapman (1888–1970), a British geophysicist who worked on solar-terrestrial physics and aeronomy. The medal was first awarded in 1973, initially on a triennial basis. From 2004 to 2012 it was awarded biennially, and since 2012 has been annual.

Sydney Chapman (mathematician)
Sydney Chapman FRS (29 January 1888 – 16 June 1970) was a British mathematician and geophysicist. His work on the kinetic theory of gases, solar-terrestrial physics, and the Earth's ozone layer has inspired a broad range of research over many decades.
Antin Sielava
Anton Anastas Sielava (Belarusian: Антон  Анастас Сялява, Ukrainian: Антін Селява, Polish: Antoni Sielawa) (1583 – 5 October 1655) was the "Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia" in the Ruthenian Uniate Church — a sui juris Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See. He reigned from 1641 until his death in 1655.

Ruthenian Uniate Church
The Ruthenian Uniate Church (Belarusian: Руская уніяцкая царква, romanized: Ruskaja unijackaja carkva; Ukrainian: Руська унійна церква, romanized: Ruśka unijna cerkva; Latin: Ecclesia Ruthena unita; Polish: Ruski Kościół Unicki) was a particular church of the Catholic Church in the territory of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was created in 1595/1596 by those clergy of the Eastern Orthodox Church who subscribed to the Union of Brest. In the process, they switched their allegiances and jurisdiction from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople to the Holy See.

The church had a single metropolitan territory — the Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia. The formation of the church led to a high degree of confrontation among Ruthenians, such as the murder of Archeparch Josaphat Kuntsevych in 1623. Opponents of the union called church members "Uniates". Catholic documents today no longer use this term due to its perceived negative overtones.
Hymenophyllum
Hymenophyllum is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae. Its name means "membranous leaf", referring to the very thin translucent tissue of the fronds, which gives rise to the common name filmy fern for this and other thin-leaved ferns. The leaves are generally only one cell thick and lack stomata, making them vulnerable to desiccation.  Consequently, they are found only in very humid areas, such as in moist forests and among sheltered rocks. They are small and easy to overlook.

Hymenophyllaceae
The Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns and bristle ferns, are a family of two to nine genera (depending on classification system) and about 650 known species of ferns, with a subcosmopolitan distribution, but generally restricted to very damp places or to locations where they are wetted by spray from waterfalls or springs. Fossil evidence shows that ferns of the family Hymenophyllaceae have existed since at least the Upper Triassic.
Osen (river)
The Osen (Russian: Осень) is a river in Bezhetsky District of Tver Oblast in Russia. It is a major right tributary of the Mologa. It is 8.7 kilometres (5.4 mi) long, and the area of its basin is 3,210 square kilometres (1,240 sq mi).

The source of the Osen is located in Tver Oblast, close to the village of Pereuz. The Osen is formed by the confluence of two rivers, the Mogocha and the Melecha, both of which are about 100 kilometres (62 mi) long. The Osen flows southwest and joins the Mologa at the village of Yeski.

Despite the short length, the Osen has a rather big drainage area. It includes almost all of Molokovsky District, the southern half of Sandovsky District, the northern and the western parts of Bezhetsky District, and the southern half of Krasnokholmsky District, as well as minor areas in Vesyegonsky and Sonkovsky districts. The town of Krasny Kholm and the urban-type settlement of Molokovo lie in the drainage basin of the Osen.

Sandovsky District
Sandovsky District  (Russian: Са́ндовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Ustyuzhensky District of Vologda Oblast in the north, Vesyegonsky District in the northeast, Molokovsky District in the southeast, Maksatikhinsky District in the south, Lesnoy District in the west, and with Pestovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,608 square kilometers (621 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Sandovo. Population: 6,811 (2010 Census);  9,385 (2002 Census); 12,495 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sandovo accounts for 51.5% of the district's total population.
Kevin McNab
Kevin McNab (born 21 February 1978) is an Australian equestrian. He competed in the individual eventing and team eventing at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. The team of Andrew Hoy on Vassily de Lassos, Shane Rose on Virgil and Kevin McNab on Don Quidam won silver. Riding on Don Quidam, McNab finished inside the top 15 in the individual eventing competition.

Since January 2010 McNab has had 279 starts and 21 wins in eventing. He has had 33 starts in jumping.

In 2013, his mount Clifton Pinot was found to have the banned substance reserpine in his system while competing at the Burghley International Horse Trials. He was eliminated from the competition. In 2014, McNab was cleared of the charges after an equine supplement supplier claimed responsibility.

At the Le Lion d'Angers World Championship, in October 2019, McNab was ranked 9th on Halo. He was eliminated when competing in the 2020 event.

Burghley Horse Trials
The Defender Burghley Horse Trials is an annual three-day event held at Burghley House near Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, currently in early September. Defender Burghley Horse Trials is classified by the FEI as one of the seven leading three-day events in the world (the others being the Badminton Horse Trials, the Kentucky Three-Day Event, the Australian International Three Day Event, the Luhmühlen Horse Trials, the Maryland 5* and the Étoiles de Pau). It has competition at CCI5*-L  (five star) level. The prize for first place is currently £115,000. Depending on the number of starters, prize money is given down to 16th place.

Burghley is also one of the three events in the Grand Slam of Eventing.

Run in conjunction with the event since 1990 is the Dubarry Burghley Young Event Horse final, which judges four- and five-year-old horses on their potential as future Olympic mounts.
Georgia State Route 153
State Route 153 (SR 153) is a state highway that runs southwest–to–northeast through portions of Webster, Marion, Sumter, and Schley counties in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The route runs from Preston to Ellaville.

Marion County, Georgia
Marion County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 7,498. The county seat is Buena Vista. The county was created on December 14, 1827. The county was named for General Francis Marion of South Carolina.

Marion County is included in the Columbus, GA-AL metropolitan statistical area.

The art site of Pasaquan is located in Marion County.
Aydan Özoğuz
Aydan Özoğuz (Turkish: [ˈajdan ˈœzoːuz]; German: [ˈaɪdan ˈøːzoːʔʊs]; born 31 May 1967) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who has been a member of the Bundestag since 2009 and as its Vice-president of the German Bundestag from 2021 to 2025.

In addition to her parliamentary mandate, Özoğuz served as Commissioner for Immigration, Refugees and Integration at the rank of Minister of State in the third government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2013 until 2018. She served as her party's deputy chairperson of the party from 2011 until 2017.

President of the Bundestag
The president of the Bundestag (German: Präsidentin des Deutschen Bundestages or Bundestagspräsidentin; Präsident when the office is held by a man) presides over the sessions of the Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany, with functions similar to that of a speaker in other countries. In the German order of precedence, the office is ranked second after the president and before the chancellor.

The current office-holder is Julia Klöckner (CDU), who was elected during the first session of the 21st Bundestag on 25 March 2025.
Allan Cotton
Sir Allan Cotton or Allen (c. 1568 ― December, 1628) was an English merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1625. He was born in Whitchurch, Shropshire to Ralph Cotton of Alkington and Jane Cotton. Allan came from a Shropshire branch of the Cheshire minor noble family Coton which had existed since the 13th century at least.

Cotton was a city of London merchant and a member of the Worshipful Company of Drapers. On 9 July 1616 he was elected an alderman of the City of London for Dowgate ward. He was Sheriff of London and Master of the Drapers Company for 1616 to 1617. In 1625 he became alderman for Candlewick ward and  was elected Lord Mayor of London. He was knighted on 4 June 1626. In 1627 he became president of St Bartholomew's Hospital.

Whitchurch, Shropshire
Whitchurch is a market town in the civil parish of Whitchurch Urban, in north of Shropshire, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) east of the Welsh border, 2 miles south of the Cheshire border, 20 miles (30 km) north of the county town of Shrewsbury, 20 miles (30 km) south of Chester, and 15 miles (24 km) east of Wrexham. At the 2021 census, the population of the Whitchurch Urban parish was 10,141, and the population of the Whitchurch built up area was 9,855. Whitchurch is the oldest continuously inhabited town in Shropshire. Notable people who have lived in Whitchurch include the composer Sir Edward German, and illustrator Randolph Caldecott.
Prison consultant
A prison consultant provides newly convicted criminals with advice on how to cope and survive in prison. Prison consultants may also provide a client's attorney with advice on how to lobby the sentencing judge for a shorter sentence and get a client sentenced to a lower security level prison. They may advise white-collar and celebrity criminals, high-level drug dealers and disgraced politicians to help them navigate prison.

Prison consultants charge anywhere from several hundred to many thousands of dollars, with no promises made. Among their past clients have been Lori Loughlin, Bernard Madoff, Michael Milken, Ivan Boesky, Mike Tyson, Michael Vick, Plaxico Burress, Martha Stewart, and Leona Helmsley.

Plaxico Burress
Plaxico Antonio Burress (born August 12, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans, and was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers with the eighth overall pick in the 2000 NFL draft. He also played for the New York Giants and the New York Jets, and caught the game-winning touchdown in Super Bowl XLII as the Giants beat the then-undefeated New England Patriots.
Chundawat
Chundawat is a clan and were powerful chiefs in the Mewar region during the 1700s. They are the descendants of the 15th-century Mewari prince Chunda Sisodia, the eldest son of Rana Lakha. Having surrendered his right to the throne to his younger brother Mokal Singh, Chunda gained for his descendants the right to advise the reigning Rana on matters of State as well as an exalted position on the royal council.

Chunda Sisodia
Chunda was the eldest son of Maharana Lakha, the ruler of Mewar. He is known in history for his sacrifice of his rights to the throne, to keep his promise. He was the heir-apparent until he renounced his right in favour of the heir born from Hansa Bai, the Rathore princess who was married to Maharana Lakha.
Tashirodake Prefectural Natural Park
Tashirodake Prefectural Natural Park (田代岳県立自然公園, Tashirodake kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Akita Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1975, the park lies within the municipality of Ōdate, and takes its name from Mount Tashiro (田代岳).

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.