hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glems
The river Glems (German pronunciation: [ɡlɛms]) is a right tributary of the river Enz in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is around 47 km (29 mi) long. The spring is located in the south-west of Stuttgart. On the way to the confluence into the Enz next to Unterriexingen (a quarter of Markgröningen) it passes the districts of Böblingen and Ludwigsburg.

The river Glems gives its name to a wooded mountain range called Glemswald in the Böblingen district of Stuttgart Region.

Since 1575, water from the upper Glems is collected in the Pfaffensee reservoir and redirected towards Stuttgart through a tunnel. First it was discharged in the Nesenbach, since 1874 into municipal waterworks.

Markgröningen
Markgröningen (German pronunciation: [maʁkˈɡʁøːnɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the district (Kreis) of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is known for its fine historic buildings, many in the Fachwerk German architectural style, and its annual Shepherds' Run. Markgröningen is on the Deutsche Fachwerkstraße (German Timber-Frame Road).
B Corporation (certification)
In business, a company that uses the “Certified B Corporation” trademark (also B Corporation  or B Corp) is a for-profit corporation certified for its social impact by B Lab, a private global non-profit organization. To be granted and to maintain certification, a company must receive a minimum score of 80 from an assessment of its social and environmental performance, integrate B Corp commitments to stakeholders into company governing documents, and pay an annual fee based on annual sales. Companies must re-certify every three years to retain B Corporation status.

As of March 2025, there are 9,576 certified B Corporations across 160 industries in 102 countries.

Social impact assessment
Social impact assessment (SIA) is a methodology to review the social effects of infrastructure projects and other development interventions. Although SIA is usually applied to planned interventions, the same techniques can be used to evaluate the social impact of unplanned events, for example, disasters, demographic change, and epidemics. SIA is important in applied anthropology, as its main goal is to deliver positive social outcomes and eliminate any possible negative or long term effects.
Cortemaggiore
Cortemaggiore (Piacentino: Curtmagiùr) is an Italian comune (municipality) located in the Province of Piacenza.
Cortemaggiore is located in northern Italy about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Milan and 120 kilometres (75 mi) from Bologna, in the Po Valley.
The municipality borders Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Villanova sull'Arda, Besenzone, San Pietro in Cerro, Caorso, Pontenure and Cadeo.

The town was founded in 1479 by the Pallavicini family, over an old Roman habitation, which had been the capital of the ancient Stato Pallavicino.
In 1949 the Italian entrepreneur Enrico Mattei discovered in Cortemaggiore's subsoil an important oilfield; with this oil a gasoline called Supercortemaggiore was produced, the only one refined from Italian oil.

The municipality's motto is Nihil sanctius quam recta fides cum sororibus associata - "Nothing is holier than a true faith combined with other virtues."

Pontenure
Pontenure (Piacentino: Pontnür [poŋtˈnyːr]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of Piacenza.

Pontenure borders the following municipalities: Cadeo, Caorso, Carpaneto Piacentino, Cortemaggiore, Piacenza, Podenzano, San Giorgio Piacentino.
Red List Index
EX (Extinct)

EW (Extinct in the Wild)

CR (Critically Endangered)

EN (Endangered)

VU (Vulnerable)

NT (Near Threatened)

LC (Least Concern)

The Red List Index (RLI), based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, is an indicator of the changing state of global biodiversity.  It defines the conservation status of major species groups, and measures trends in extinction risk over time.  By conducting conservation assessments at regular intervals, changes in the threat status of species in a taxonomic group can be used to monitor trends in extinction risk. RLIs have been calculated for birds and amphibians, using changes in threat status for species in each of the groups.

As well as taxonomic groups, RLIs can show trends in extinction risk according to biogeographic realm, habitat type, and dominant threat process.

Conservation status
The conservation status of a group of organisms (for example, a species) indicates whether the group still exists and how likely it is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation status—not simply the number of individuals remaining, but the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, and known threats.

Various systems of conservation status are in use at international, multi-country, national and local levels, as well as for consumer use such as sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification. The two international systems are by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Northern Suburbs, Cape Town
The Northern Suburbs is a major urban and rural region located in the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is the urban north-eastern part of the Greater Cape Town metropolitan area (Cape Metropole) that is functionally merged with Cape Town.

The northern suburbs of Cape Town are experiencing human trafficking, as of October 2023 they have encountered 74 human trafficking victims, 42 labour trafficking victims, 9 victims of unspecified trafficking activities, 23 sex trafficking victims, and an estimated overall sum of 250 000 victims in South Africa.

Kraaifontein
Kraaifontein is a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa and is located on the north-eastern outskirts of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality.

The name originated from the large number of crows (Kraai in Afrikaans) that nest in the region.

The name is derived from the Xam word !gauru, ‘crow, white crow’, and kamma, therefore its ǀXam name was !gaurukamma.

Phonetically, the town’s name is pronounced as "Cry-phontaine".
Mito Domain
Mito (水戸藩, Mito-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period.  It was associated with Hitachi Province in modern-day Ibaraki Prefecture.

In the han system, Mito was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.  In other words, the domain was defined in terms of kokudaka, not land area. This was different from the feudalism of the West.

Hitachi Province
Hitachi Province (常陸国, Hitachi no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [çi̥ꜜ.ta.tɕi (no kɯ.ɲi), çi̥.taꜜ.tɕi-]) was an old province of Japan  in the area of  Ibaraki Prefecture. It was sometimes called Jōshū (常州). Hitachi Province bordered on Shimōsa (Lower Fusa), Shimotsuke, and  Mutsu (Iwase -1718-, Iwashiro -1869-, Iwaki -1718- and  -1869-) Provinces. Generally, its northern border was with Mutsu.
Wylie E. Groves High School
Wylie E. Groves High School is a public high school in Beverly Hills, Michigan, United States, in the Birmingham Public School District. Groves' colors are green, white, and yellow and its mascot is Freddy the Falcon. The current principal is Othamian Peterson.

The French School of Detroit holds its high school classes at Groves High School.

Beverly Hills, Michigan
Beverly Hills is a village in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northern suburb of Detroit, Beverly Hills is located within Southfield Township, roughly 20 miles (32.2 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 10,599, making it the most populous village in the state by a wide margin.
Germany in Autumn
Germany in Autumn (German: Deutschland im Herbst) is a 1978 West German anthology film about the period of 1977 known as the German Autumn, which was dominated by incidents of terrorism. The film is composed of contributions from different filmmakers, including Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Alexander Kluge, Edgar Reitz, Bernhard Sinkel, Alf Brustellin, Hans Peter Cloos, Katja Rupé, Peter Schubert and Volker Schlöndorff. It was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won a Special Recognition award.

Edgar Reitz
Edgar Reitz (born 1 November 1932) is a German filmmaker and Professor of Film at the Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung (State University of Design) in Karlsruhe. He is best-known for his internationally acclaimed Heimat film series (1984–2013).
Tateyama Domain
Tateyama Domain (館山藩, Tateyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Awa Province (southern modern-day Chiba Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Tateyama Castle in what is now the city of Tateyama, Chiba.

Tateyama, Chiba
Tateyama (館山市, Tateyama-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 November 2020, the city had an estimated population of  44,865 in 20,558 households and a population density of 410 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 110.05 square kilometres (42.49 sq mi).
Wrong Company
"Wrong Company" is a song written by Harlan Howard that was recorded as a duet by American country artists Wynn Stewart and Jan Howard. Released as a single, it reached the top 30 of the US country chart in 1960. It was among several recordings made by the duo but was their only charting song. The song received a positive response from music publications and authors following its release.

Wynn Stewart
Winford Lindsey "Wynn" Stewart (June 7, 1934 – July 17, 1985) was an American country music singer and songwriter. He was one of the progenitors of the Bakersfield sound. Although not a huge chart success, he was an inspiration to such artists as Buck Owens, Merle Haggard and Nick Lowe.
Sunstroke (2014 film)
Sunstroke (Russian: Солнечный удар, romanized: Solnechnyy udar) is a 2014 Russian historical romance film directed, produced and written by Nikita Mikhalkov, starring Martinsh Kalita and Viktoriya Solovyova. It is set after the collapse of the Russian Empire during the Red Terror in 1920, with flashbacks to 1907, and is loosely based on the story "Sunstroke" and the book Cursed Days by Nobel Prize-winning Russian writer Ivan Bunin. 
The film was selected as the Russian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.

Eduard Artemyev
Eduard Nikolayevich Artemyev (/ɑːrˈtɛmiɛv/; Russian: Эдуа́рд Никола́евич Арте́мьев, IPA: [ɨdʊˈart ɐrˈtʲemʲjɪf]; 30 November 1937 – 29 December 2022) was a Soviet and Russian composer of electronic music and film scores. Outside of Russia, he is mostly known for his soundtracks for films such as At Home Among Strangers, Solaris, Siberiade, Mirror, Stalker, and Burnt by the Sun. He was awarded the title People's Artist of Russia in 1999.
Lotyń, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Lotyń [ˈlɔtɨɲ] (German: Lottin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Okonek, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

In the 10th century the area became part of the emerging Polish state, and after the country's fragmentation it was part of the Duchy of Pomerania until 1648, under the Holy Roman Empire. Afterwards it was part of Prussia and Germany, before it was given to Poland following World War II in 1945.

Gmina Okonek
Gmina Okonek is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Okonek, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Złotów and 126 km (78 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 325.88 square kilometres (125.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,909 (out of which the population of Okonek amounts to 3,827, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,082).
Serai Quarter
Serai Quarter (Urdu: سرائے کوارٹر), sometimes called Serai Quarters, is a neighbourhood in central Karachi, Pakistan that according to Pakistan forms much of its historic central business district. In addition to Karachi's financial centre centred on Serai Quarter's I. I. Chundrigar Road, Serai Quarter contains over 200 "historic buildings", which make up about 37% of all building plots in the quarter. Of these, 78 are protected by the Sindh Cultural Heritage Preservation Act of 1994.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road (Urdu: شاہراہ محمد على جناح), frequently abbreviated as MA Jinnah Road, is a major thoroughfare in central Karachi, Pakistan. The road was originally named Bandar Road (بندر روڈ ;"Port Road"), because it linked the city to the Port of Karachi, but was later renamed in honour of Pakistan's founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. MA Jinnah Road stretches 6.1 kilometres from Jinnah Bridge in the south, near the Port of Karachi, to Gurumandir Chowk, north of Mazar-e-Quaid. It is one of the city's oldest roads, and passes through much of the colonial era historic core of Karachi, with numerous landmarks along its route.
2022 Under-20 Intercontinental Cup
The 2022 Under-20 Intercontinental Cup (Spanish: Sub-20 Intercontinental 2022) was the inaugural edition of the UEFA–CONMEBOL Under-20 Intercontinental Cup, a football match organised by CONMEBOL and UEFA between the winners of the U-20 Copa Libertadores and UEFA Youth League. CONMEBOL was in charge of the main organization of this edition.

The Under-20 Intercontinental Cup was officially launched on 2 June 2022 as part of the UEFA–CONMEBOL memorandum of understanding. It was decided that the first edition would be played in Uruguay as it was an initiative of Peñarol and CONMEBOL, with the next edition to be played in Europe and so on.

The single match was played on 21 August 2022 at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, Uruguay, between Uruguayan team Peñarol, the 2022 U-20 Copa Libertadores champions, and Portuguese team Benfica, the 2021–22 UEFA Youth League champions.

Benfica beat Peñarol 1–0, becoming the first ever winners of the Under-20 Intercontinental Cup.

UEFA–CONMEBOL memorandum of understanding
The UEFA–CONMEBOL memorandum of understanding (Spanish: Memorando de Entendimiento) is an agreement between UEFA and CONMEBOL, the association football confederations of Europe and South America, respectively, signed between both parties with the aim of achieving close collaboration for the development of this sport in the regions. It was signed on 12 February 2020 and extended on 15 December 2021 in a first stage, and on 2 June 2022 in a second stage. This will permit creation of official championships in the branches of men's, women's, youth and indoor football and the possibility of exchanging referees in the tournaments organised by both entities.

In January 2022, CONMEBOL and UEFA authorities met at the CONMEBOL headquarters in Asunción, Paraguay, and ratified the agreements they had already signed for future competitions. Both parts also agreed to establish a joint office in London.
Postcards from Scotland
Postcards from Scotland is a 2024 book by Scottish film director Grant McPhee that covers Scotland's 1980's and 1990's independent music scene. It focuses on the stories of The Pastels, Shop Assistants, The Jesus and Mary Chain, Primal Scream, The Soup Dragons, BMX Bandits, The Vaselines, Eugenius, Jesse Garon, and the Desperadoes, Finitribe, The Motorcycle Boy, The Big Gun, and Rote Kapelle.

The book was launched with two live events featuring a ‘supergroup’ made up of members of Shop Assistants, BMX Bandits, Fizzbombs, Rote Kapelle and Jesse Garon and the Desperadoes while being backed by The Cords.

A second volume has been completed and will be released by Omnibus books. This volume tells an alternative story of Scotland's Underground Music scene during a similar time-frame, featuring Dawson, Badgewearer, Stretcheads, The Yummy Fur, Lung Leg, Mogwai, Bis, Chemikal Underground, The Delgadoes, Belle and Sebastian, Arab Strap and Franz Ferdinand.

The Pastels
The Pastels are an indie rock group from Glasgow formed in 1981. They were a key act of the Scottish and British independent music scenes of the 1980s, and are specifically credited for the development of an independent and confident music scene in Glasgow. The group have had a number of members, but currently consists of Stephen McRobbie, Katrina Mitchell, Tom Crossley, John Hogarty, Alison Mitchell and Suse Bear.
Highlands High School (San Antonio, Texas)
Highlands High School is a public high school located in San Antonio, Texas and classified as a 5A school by the University Interscholastic League. This school is one of twelve high schools in the San Antonio Independent School District. During 2022–2023, Highlands High School had an enrollment of 1,651 students and a student to teacher ratio of 15.10. The school received an overall rating of "C" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024–2025 school year.

San Antonio Independent School District
San Antonio Independent School District is a school district based in San Antonio, Texas, United States.

San Antonio ISD ranks as the 13th largest of Texas' 1,057 school districts. The District encompasses 79 square miles (200 km2) with a total population of 306,943 (2010 U.S. Census). San Antonio ISD serves the Downtown, Midtown, and inner city areas of the city of San Antonio and a small portion of the city of Balcones Heights. With over 48,720 students (as of 2018), the district is the third largest school district in the Bexar County area.
Nõuni
Nõuni is a village in Otepää Parish, Valga County, in southeastern Estonia. It is located about 8 km (5 mi) north of the town of Otepää, along the road from Tatra to Sangaste (road no. 46). Nõuni has a population of 259 (as of 1 January 2011).

Lake Nõuni is located in the village. Since 1763, an elementary school has operated on the shore of the lake.

Valga County
Valga County (Estonian: Valga maakond or Valgamaa) is a first-level administrative unit and one of 15 counties of Estonia. It comprises the former area of the Valga District. The present-day county was created on 1 January 1990. The capital and largest town of Valga County is Valga, followed by Tõrva and Otepää. It is located in the southern part of the country and borders Põlva and Võru counties to the east, Latvia to the south and west, and Viljandi and Tartu County to the north. 27,650 people live in Valga County as of 2022.
Wreck of the Grosvenor
The wreck of the Grosvenor, an East Indiaman, occurred on 4 August 1782 on the Pondoland coast of South Africa, north of the Umzimvubu River. The shipwreck was close to the place where the Portuguese ship São João had gone down more than two centuries earlier on 8 June 1552. The Grosvenor was a three-masted ship of 729 tons on her return voyage to England when she was wrecked, carrying a crew of 132 and 18 passengers (12 adults and 6 children), and a cargo valued at £75,000. Of the 123 survivors, only 18 reached Cape Town and were repatriated, the remainder dying of their privations or joining with tribes. Four survivors, Robert Price, Thomas Lewis, John Warmington, and Barney Larey, eventually got back to England.

Pondoland
Pondoland or Mpondoland (Mpondo: EmaMpondweni), is a natural region on the South African shores of the Indian Ocean. It is located in the coastal belt of the Eastern Cape province. Its territory is the former Mpondo Kingdom of the Mpondo people.
Devils & Dust (song)
"Devils & Dust" is the title track on Bruce Springsteen's thirteenth studio album Devils & Dust, and was released as a single in 2005. Concerning the Iraq War, the song gained critical praise as well as a Grammy Award for Song of the Year nomination.

Devils & Dust
Devils & Dust is the thirteenth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen, and his third acoustic album (after Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad). It was released on April 25, 2005, in Europe and the following day in the United States, where it debuted at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200 album chart.
Vallo di Nera
Vallo di Nera is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Perugia in the Italian region Umbria, located about 60 km southeast of Perugia. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
Nikolai Kutepov
Nikolai Ivanovich Kutepov (Russian: Николай Иванович Кутепов, January 13 [O.S. January 1] 1851—January 11 [O.S. December 23] 1908/1907) was the author of fundamental Grand Ducal, Tsarist and Imperial Hunting in Russia. Kutepov has made an extensive research on subject, collecting all known documents from archives and libraries. Kutepov was also entrusted to write the appropriate article for Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. In 1893 he published A Memorable Note on the Matter of Making the Reference Collection for the History of Grand Ducal, Tsarist and Imperial Huntings in Russia ("Памятная записка о положении дела по составлению "Сбоpника матеpиалов, касающихся истоpии великокняжеской, цаpской и импеpатоpской охот в Pоссии"). In May 1894 Kutepov offered the first sample of his work to Alexander III. His final work Kutepov called "the Tsar's high quality books" ("царские книги высокого качества").

Kutepov's Hunting
Kutepov's Hunting, formally titled  The Grand Princely, Tsarist and Imperial Hunting in Rus' (Russian: Великокняжеская, царская и императорская охота на Руси), is a book by Imperial Russian historian Nikolai Kutepov published from 1896 to 1911.
Lakshmichap Union
Lakshmichap Union (Bengali: লক্ষ্মীচাপ ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Nilphamari Sadar Upazila,  in Nilphamari District, Rangpur Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 58.07 square kilometres (22.42 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 26,229. There are 8 villages and 8 mouzas in the union.

Nilphamari Sadar Upazila
Nilphamari Sadar (Bengali: নীলফামারী সদর) is an upazila of Nilphamari District in the Division of Rangpur, Bangladesh. Nilphamari Sadar thana was established in 1870. It was under Daroani thana before 1870. It gradually turned into an Upazilla in 1984.
Astronium graveolens
Astronium graveolens is a species of hardwood tree in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae, that is native to Mexico, Central America, and South America as far south as Bolivia. Common names include glassywood, tigerwood, ronrón (Spanish), aroeira (Portuguese), and Gonçalo alves (Portuguese), where it is grouped with two other species of Astronium.

This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.

Gonçalo alves
Gonçalo alves is the name given to several species of Astronium, a tropical hardwood. It is sometimes referred to as tigerwood—a name that underscores the wood's often dramatic, contrasting color scheme, that some compare to rosewood.