hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Manson (schoolmaster)
David Manson (1726-1792) was an Irish schoolmaster who in teaching children basic literacy sought to exclude "drudgery and fear" by pioneering the use of play and peer tutoring. His methods were in varying degrees adapted by freely-instructed hedge-school masters across the north of Ireland, and were advertised to a larger British audience by Elizabeth Hamilton in her popular novel The Cottagers of Glenburnie (1808).

Patronised by leading, reform-minded, families, his school in Belfast counted among its pupils the future pioneering naturalist John Templeton, the radical humanitarian Mary Ann McCracken and her brother Henry Joy McCracken, the United Irishman, who was to hang for his role in the 1798 Rebellion.

Elizabeth Hamilton (writer)
Elizabeth Hamilton (1756 or 1758 – 23 July 1816) was a Scottish essayist, poet, satirist and novelist, who in both her prose and fiction entered into the French-revolutionary era controversy in Britain over the education and rights of women.
Octavie Modert
Octavie Modert (born 15 November 1966) is a Luxembourgish politician of the Christian Social People's Party.

She was born in Grevenmacher, and she studied in Strasbourg and Reading.

In 2004, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies. She became Secretary of State for Relations with Parliament, Secretary of State for Agriculture, Viticulture and Rural Development, and Secretary of State for Culture, Higher Education and Research during the same year. She is the youngest member of the 2004 Government.

Grevenmacher
Grevenmacher (German pronunciation: [ɡʁeːvn̩ˈmaxɐ]; Luxembourgish: Gréiwemaacher [ɡʀɜɪ̯vəˈmaːχɐ] ⓘ) is a commune with town status in eastern Luxembourg, near the border with Germany. It gives its name to the canton of Grevenmacher, and, until its abolition in 2015, the district of Grevenmacher. The town is situated on the left bank of the river Moselle, in a wine growing region.

As of 2025, the commune of Grevenmacher has a population of 5,276.
Hesta Prynn
Julie Potash, also known as Hesta Prynn, is an American musician, singer, and rapper from Long Island, New York. She began her career in music as one-third of the all-female hip hop group Northern State. After the band broke up she started focusing on solo material.  In July 2010 she released an EP titled Can We Go Wrong and followed it with a second EP, We Could Fall in Love, in August 2012. As of 2012, she lives in New York City and travels the world as a DJ and pop music ghostwriter.

Pepper (song)
"Pepper" is a song by American alternative rock band Butthole Surfers from their seventh studio album, Electriclarryland (1996). Released on April 11, 1996, the track reached number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart, becoming the top-ranked song of 1996 on the former listing. In Australia, the song peaked at number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was ranked number four on Triple J's Hottest 100 of 1996. It also reached number two on the Canadian RPM Alternative 30 and number 32 in New Zealand.
1771 Naval Air Squadron
1771 Naval Air Squadron (1771 NAS) was a Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm which disbanded at HMS Nabbington, RNAS Nowra, near Sydney, in October 1945. Notably, the squadron was the first British & Commonwealth unit to fly over Japan in the Second World War. The squadron formed at HMS Heron, RNAS Yeovilton at the start of February 1944, as a Fighter Squadron and also operated from HMS Ringtail, RNAS Burscough, and HMS Landrail, RNAS Machrihanish, with deck landing training on the escort carriers HMS Trumpeter and HMS Ravager before embarking in the fleet carrier HMS Implacable in September. It was involved in sorties over Norway including reconnaissance of the German battleship Tirpitz and other anti-shipping strikes. The squadron remained in HMS Implacable and joined the British Pacific Fleet participating in attacks on the Caroline Islands and the Japanese home islands, and becoming part of the 8th Carrier Air Group.

HMS Nabbington
HMS Nabbington, was a Royal Navy (RN), Mobile Operational Naval Air Base (MONAB), that was established at the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) base RAAF Nowra at Nowra, New South Wales, in Australia during the final stages of the Second World War. HMS Nabbington was also known as MONAB I and Royal Naval Air Station Nowra (or RNAS Nowra).
Panemunė
Panemunė (Lithuanian: [ˈpa⁠nɛmunɛ] ⓘ; German: Übermemel) is the smallest settlement with city status in Lithuania. It is situated on the banks of the Nemunas River opposite Sovetsk, 8 km (5.0 mi) south from Pagėgiai, in Tauragė County. It is a border checkpoint for traffic to and from Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast).

The Queen Louise Bridge originally built in 1907 links Panemunė to the city of Sovetsk (Tilsit until 1946) just south across the river. The landmark arch now lies on the Russian side.

The city is known as the smallest official city in Lithuania, despite its tiny population.

Tauragė County
Tauragė County (Lithuanian: Tauragės apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania.  It is in the west of the country, and its capital is Tauragė. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Tauragė County remains as a territorial and statistical unit.

Famous landmarks include Tauragė Castle and Panemunė Castle.
Film Fun
Film Fun was a British celebrity comics comic book that ran from (issues dates) 17 January 1920 to 15 September 1962, when it merged with Buster, a total of 2,225 issues. There were also annuals in the forties and fifties. As the title suggests, the comic mainly featured comic strip versions of popular actors from films.

Joe E. Brown
Joseph Evans Brown (July 28, 1891 – July 6, 1973) was an American actor and comedian, remembered for his friendly screen persona, comic timing, and enormous, elastic-mouth smile. He was one of the most popular American comedians in the 1930s and 1940s, and enjoyed lengthy careers in both motion pictures and radio. Later he became a character actor and comedian, as in Some Like It Hot (1959), in which he utters the film's famous punchline "Well, nobody's perfect."
Dunrobin Castle railway station
Dunrobin Castle railway station is a railway station on the Far North Line in Scotland, serving Dunrobin Castle near the village of Golspie in the Highland council area. The station is 86 miles 22 chains (138.8 km) from Inverness, between Golspie and Brora. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

Dunrobin Castle
Dunrobin Castle is a stately home in Sutherland, in the Highland area of Scotland, that serves as the family seat of the Earl of Sutherland, Chief of Clan Sutherland. It is located one mile (1.5 kilometres) north of Golspie and approximately five miles (eight kilometres) south of Brora, overlooking the Dornoch Firth.

Dunrobin's origins lie in the Middle Ages, but most of the present building and the gardens were added by Sir Charles Barry between 1835 and 1850. Some of the original building is visible in the interior courtyard, despite a number of expansions and alterations that made it the largest house in the north of Scotland. After being used as a boarding school from 1965 to 1972, Dunrobin has been open to the public since 1973.
Cornelius Cardew
Cornelius Cardew (7 May 1936 – 13 December 1981) was an English experimental music composer, and founder (with Howard Skempton and Michael Parsons) of the Scratch Orchestra, an experimental performing ensemble. He later rejected experimental music, explaining why he had "discontinued composing in an avant-garde idiom" in his own programme notes to his Piano Album 1973.

Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
The Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) (RCPB-ML), occasionally referred to as RCP, is a small British communist political party, previously named the Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) (CPE (ML)) on formation in 1972 until being reorganised in 1979 after rejecting Maoism and aligning with Hoxhaism. The party's thinking is based on the politics of Hardial Bains, who travelled the world founding orthodox (anti-revisionist) communist parties.
Templar Saxe
Templar Saxe (born Templer William Edward Edevein; August 22, 1865 – April 17, 1935) was a British-born stage actor, opera singer and silent film actor. In films, he usually was a character actor as his singing voice could not be used in silent films. He was born in Redhill, Surrey, England and died in Cincinnati, Ohio.

When a Man Loves
When a Man Loves is a 1927 American synchronized sound historical drama film directed by Alan Crosland and produced and distributed by Warner Bros. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc process. The picture stars John Barrymore and features Dolores Costello in the frequently filmed story of Abbé Prévost's 1731 novel Manon Lescaut. The lovers suffer, but the film has an optimistic ending, as they head to America. Manon dies at the end of the novel. The UK release title was His Lady.

The film was the third feature from Warners to have a pre-recorded Vitaphone soundtrack.
General Director of Roscosmos
The General Director of Roscosmos is the highest-ranked official of Roscosmos, the space agency of the Russian Federation. The director serves as the senior space science adviser to the President of Russia.

The deputy director of Roscosmos serves as the agency's second in command and is responsible to the administrator for providing overall leadership, planning, and policy direction for the agency. They represent Roscosmos to the Presidential Administration, State Duma, heads of federal and other appropriate government agencies, international organizations, and external organizations and communities. They also oversee the day-to-day work of Roscosmos’ functional offices.

The first director was Yuri Koptev; who led the agency during a financial crisis, and established tourist flights to space, and was also the longest-running director, who held the post from 1992 to 2004.

The current director Dmitry Bakanov, was appointed by President Vladimir Putin on 6 February 2025.

Dmitry Bakanov
Dmitry Vladimirovich Bakanov (Russian: Дми́трий Влади́мирович Бака́нов, 7 October 1985) is a Russian economist who has been the General Director of Roscosmos, the Russian space agency, since 2025. Before that he was the deputy minister of transport from 2022 to 2025 and the head of Gonets from 2011 to 2019.
Royal Military Canal Path
The Royal Military Canal Path is a long-distance path in England, mainly following the Royal Military Canal. Its end points are Seabrook, Kent (51°04′19″N 1°07′20″E﻿ / ﻿51.0720°N 1.1221°E﻿ / 51.0720; 1.1221﻿ (Royal Military Canal Path, Seabrook terminus)), and Pett Level, East Sussex (50°53′19″N 0°41′02″E﻿ / ﻿50.8887°N 0.6840°E﻿ / 50.8887; 0.6840﻿ (Royal Military Canal Path, Pett Level terminus)), and it runs for 27 miles (43 km).  It is a canal-side path and fringes the northern edge of Romney Marsh. The canal is an early-19th-century defence against a possible invasion by Napoleon, and it is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a SSSI. Links are made with the Saxon Shore Way at Appledore and West Hythe.

Royal Military Canal
The Royal Military Canal is a canal running for 28 miles (45 km) between Seabrook near Folkestone and Cliff End near Hastings, following the old cliff line bordering Romney Marsh, which was constructed as part of British anti-invasion preparations of 1803–05 against Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom. It was designed with the intention to tactically contain the potential landing points near to Dungeness, which is approximately 20 miles from Dover and 40 miles from Calais, an area if conquered would provide a direct route to London from the coast.
Poove Poochooda Vaa
Poove Poochooda Vaa (transl. Come to adorn you with flowers) is a 1985 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Fazil, starring Padmini, S. Ve. Shekher, Nadhiya and Jaishankar. It is a remake of his own Malayalam film Nokkethadhoorathu Kannum Nattu and also marked the Tamil debut of Nadhiya. The film ran for 100 days In many theatres across the state.

Jaishankar (actor)
Jaishankar (born Shankar Subramaniyan Iyer on 12 July 1938, died 3 June 2000) was an Indian actor known for his work in Tamil cinema. He was a notable lead actor in the 1960s and 70s, who was credited onscreen with title of Makkal Kalaingnar (people's artiste) or Makkal Thamizhan (people's Tamil) in most of the films starring him. He was also referred to as Thennakathu James Bond (South Indian James Bond) because of his roles in films such as Vallavan Oruvan and CID Shankar.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Uzès
The Ancient Diocese of Uzès (Lat.: Uceticensis) is a former Roman Catholic diocese in France.  From the arrival of Christianity in the 5th century until the French Revolution the southern French city of Uzès, in the department of Gard, was the seat of a bishop, a competitor to the local lords.

Uzès
Uzès (French pronunciation: [y.zɛs]; Occitan: Usès) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Uzès lies about 25 kilometres (16 miles) north-northeast of Nîmes, 40 kilometres (25 miles) west of Avignon, and 32 kilometres (20 miles) southeast of Alès.
August Pedersen
August Baskår Pedersen (born 24 June 1994) is a Norwegian handball player for TSV Hannover-Burgdorf and the Norwegian national team.

Pedersen hails from Notodden. He has played for Haslum HK, ØIF Arendal, Bjerringbro-Silkeborg and Drammen HK. In 2022 Pedersen joined 2013-14 EHF Champions League winners SG Flensburg-Handewitt from Drammen HK as a replacement for Hampus Wanne.

Norway men's national handball team
The Norway men's national handball team represents Norway at international handball competitions, and is governed by the Norges Håndballforbund (NHF). The most successful era of men's Norwegian handball team was between 2015 and 2020, led by former coach Christian Berge and star player Sander Sagosen. In that period, they won two silver medals at the World Championship and played two semifinals of the European Championship winning one bronze medal.
Lucy Foster Madison
Lucy Foster Madison (April 8, 1865 – March 16, 1932) was an American novelist and teacher.

Born Lucy Foster in Kirksville, Missouri, the daughter of George W. Foster and Almira Parker, she graduated from high school in Louisiana, Missouri. Her father, mother, and brother all died while she was a teen, leaving her to care for her two younger sisters. She became a school teacher in Louisiana, Missouri, then in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1890 she was married to Winfield Scott Madison.

In 1893, the offer of a prize by a New York newspaper interested her enough to enter a short story and she won second place. She became a writer of both short stories and novels, plus a compiler of various Chautauqua assemblies. Her series of "Peggy Owens" stories and other tales for girls were popular early in the twentieth century. Her husband began to suffer ill health, so they moved to a farm near Hudson Falls, New York in 1924. She died there in 1932, a few days after she had a stroke.

Louisiana, Missouri
Louisiana is a city in Pike County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Louisiana had a population of 3,199. Louisiana is located in northeast Missouri, on the Mississippi River, south of Hannibal.
Continental Drifters
The Continental Drifters are an American rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1991 and dissolved in New Orleans, Louisiana, about a decade later, before reuniting in the years since. Though the line-up changed several times, at one point the band could be described as a college rock/indie-rock/power pop supergroup, including as it did Peter Holsapple of The dB's, Mark Walton of The Dream Syndicate, Bangle Vicki Peterson and Susan Cowsill of The Cowsills.

The dB's
The dB's are an American alternative rock and power pop group, who formed in New York City in 1978 and first came to prominence in the early 1980s.
Their debut album Stands for Decibels is acclaimed as one of the great "lost" power pop albums of the 1980s.

The band members are Peter Holsapple, Chris Stamey, Will Rigby, and Gene Holder. Although the members are all from Winston-Salem, North Carolina, the group was formed in New York City in 1978. In 2012, the band completed its first new studio album in 25 years and its first in 30 years with the original lineup.
Deogarh Lok Sabha constituency
Deogarh was a Lok Sabha constituency in Orissa state in eastern India till 2008. Assembly constituencies which constituted this parliamentary constituency were: Pallahara, Talcher, Brajarajnagar, Jharsuguda, Laikera, Kuchinda and Deogarh. After 2008, some of the constituencies went into Bargarh and some into Dhenkanal.

Debagarh
Debagarh, also known as Deogarh, is a city in Odisha state of eastern India. Located in the North-Western region of the state, it is the headquarters of Debagarh District that was created on 1 January 1994, after being bifurcated from Sambalpur District.
2002 Patriot League men's basketball tournament
The 2002 Patriot League men's basketball tournament was played at The Show Place Arena in Upper Marlboro, Maryland and Bender Arena in Washington, D.C. after the conclusion of the 2001–02 regular season. Number two seed Holy Cross defeated top seed American, 58–54 in the championship game, to win its third Patriot League Tournament title. The Crusaders earned an automatic bid to the 2002 NCAA tournament as #16 seed in the Midwest region.

2001–02 Holy Cross Crusaders men's basketball team
The 2001–02 Holy Cross Crusaders men's basketball team represented the College of the Holy Cross during the 2001–02 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Crusaders, led by 3rd-year head coach Ralph Willard, played their home games at the Hart Center and were members of the Patriot League. They finished the season 18–15, 9–5 in Patriot League play to finish second in the regular season standings. As the #2 seed, they defeated Navy, Bucknell, and American to be champions of the Patriot League tournament and earn the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Playing as the No. 16 seed in the East region, they were beaten by No. 1 seed and eventual Final Four participant Kansas, 70–59.
I Wonder Do You Think of Me
I Wonder Do You Think of Me is the third studio album by American country music artist Keith Whitley, released in August 1989 by RCA Records. It is Whitley's first posthumous album, being released three months after his death from alcohol poisoning. It peaked at number two on the Top Country Albums chart, and is certified gold by the RIAA. The album includes the singles "I Wonder Do You Think of Me", "It Ain't Nothin'" and "I'm Over You", the first two of which were number one country hits.

Also included are two songs which later became singles for other artists: A Don Everly cover of "Brother Jukebox" that went on to become a number one country single in 1991 for Mark Chesnutt from the album Too Cold at Home, and "Between an Old Memory and Me" which was a number 11 country single in 1995 for Travis Tritt from the album Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof.

Between an Old Memory and Me
"Between an Old Memory and Me" is a song written by Keith Stegall and Charlie Craig. It was originally recorded by American country music artist Keith Whitley for his 1989 album, I Wonder Do You Think of Me. It was then recorded by Travis Tritt and released in November 1994 as the third single from his 1994 album Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof. It peaked at number 11 on the United States Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, and at number 3 on the Canadian RPM Country Singles & Tracks chart.
Iwakitaira Domain
Iwakitaira Domain (磐城平藩, Iwakitaira-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan., based at Iwakitaira Castle in southern Mutsu Province in what is now part of modern-day Iwaki, Fukushima.  Its southern neighbor was the Mito Domain which was ruled by the Mito Tokugawa clan, and its northern neighbor was the Nakamura Domain which was ruled by the Sōma clan. The han school was the Shiseidō (施政堂), founded by the Andō clan. The most famous culture created in the Iwakitaira Domain is the Jangara Nembutsu dance.

Rōjū
The Rōjū (老中), usually translated as Elder, was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two shōguns, there were only two Rōjū. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four. The Rōjū were usually appointed from the ranks of the fudai daimyōs with domains of between 25,000 and 50,000 koku.
Harold, Florida
Harold is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Santa Rosa County, in the U.S. state of Florida. Its population was 909 at the 2020 census, up from 823 at the 2010 census.  It is part of the Pensacola—Ferry Pass—Brent, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. A satellite field for Training Air Wing FIVE at Naval Air Station Whiting Field called OLF Harold is located here.

Santa Rosa County, Florida
Santa Rosa County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, its population was 188,000. The county seat is Milton, which lies in the geographic center of the county. Other major communities within Santa Rosa County are Navarre, Pace, and Gulf Breeze. Navarre is the most populated community with a population of approximately 45,000 residents. Santa Rosa County is included in the Pensacola metropolitan area, which also includes Escambia County.
Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act
The Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act (Evidence Act) is a United States law that establishes processes for the federal government to modernize its data management practices, evidence-building functions, and statistical efficiency to inform policy decisions. The Evidence Act contains three parts ("titles"), which address evidence capacity, open data (OPEN Government Data Act), and data confidentiality (the reauthorization of the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act).

Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act
The Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act, ("CIPSEA"), is a United States federal law enacted in 2002 as Title V of the E-Government Act of 2002 (Pub. L. 107–347 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. 2899, 44 U.S.C. § 101).
Nitirat
The Nitirat Group (Thai: นิติราษฎร์) was a progressive group of Thammasat University law faculty formed in March 2011, led by Worachet Pakeerut and Piyabutr Saengkanokkul. The group aimed to amend Section 112 of Thai Criminal Code (Thailand's lèse-majesté law) and nullify the legal impacts of the 2006 Thai coup d'état.

Worachet Pakeerut
Worachet Pakeerut (Thai: วรเจตน์ ภาคีรัตน์, RTGS: Worachet Phakhirat, IPA: [wɔː.rá.t͡ɕèːt pʰaː.kʰiː.rát]; born 8 August 1969) is a Thai legal scholar specialising in constitutional and administrative law and a professor at the Faculty of Law, Thammasat University.
Epitaph (video)
Epitaph is a live video released by Judas Priest on DVD and Blu-Ray on 28 May 2013. It was filmed at the Hammersmith Apollo on 26 May 2012, which was the last date of the Epitaph World Tour, where they performed songs from each Halford-era album from Rocka Rolla to Nostradamus. The show was first seen in cinemas in New York City on 14 May and in London on 15 May with special screenings around the world on 16 May. It then premiered on VH1 Classic in the United States on 25 May.

Hammersmith Apollo
The Hammersmith Apollo, called the Eventim Apollo for sponsorship reasons, previously and still commonly known as the Hammersmith Odeon, is a live entertainment performance venue opened in 1932 as a cinema named the Gaumont Palace. Located in Hammersmith, London, it is an art deco Grade II* listed building.