hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hegesias of Cyrene
Hegesias (Ancient Greek: Ἡγησίας; fl. 290 BC) of Cyrene was a Cyrenaic philosopher. He argued that eudaimonia (happiness) is impossible to achieve, and that the goal of life should be the avoidance of pain and sorrow. Conventional values such as wealth, poverty, freedom, and slavery are all indifferent and produce no more pleasure than pain. Cicero claims that Hegesias wrote a book called ἀποκαρτερῶν (Death by Starvation), which persuaded so many people that death is more desirable than life that Hegesias was banned from teaching in Alexandria. It has been thought by some that Hegesias was influenced by Buddhist teachings.

Cyrenaics
The Cyrenaics, or Kyrenaics (Ancient Greek: Κυρηναϊκοί, romanized: Kyrēnaïkoí), were a sensual hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BCE, supposedly by Aristippus of Cyrene, although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name, Aristippus the Younger. The school was so called after Cyrene, the birthplace of Aristippus. It was one of the earliest Socratic schools. The Cyrenaics taught that the only intrinsic good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain (as it did for Epicurus), but positively enjoyable sensations. Of these, momentary pleasures, especially physical ones, are stronger than those of anticipation or memory. Further, they recognized the value of social obligation and that pleasure could be gained from altruistic behaviour. The school died out within a century and was replaced by the philosophy of Epicureanism.
Bumblebee hummingbird
The bumblebee hummingbird (Selasphorus heloisa) is a species of hummingbird in tribe Mellisugini of subfamily Trochilinae, the "bee hummingbirds". It is endemic to Mexico, but has occurred as a vagrant in the United States.

Mellisugini
Mellisugini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Trochilini (emeralds).

The informal name "bees" has been proposed for this group as it includes the tiny bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) that is endemic to Cuba.

The tribe contains 37 species divided into 16 genera.
Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
The Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung) was founded in 1969 and is one of the 84 institutes of the Max Planck Society. It is located on a campus in Stuttgart, together with the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems.

Klaus von Klitzing
Klaus von Klitzing (German: [ˈklaʊs fɔn ˈklɪtsɪŋ] ⓘ; born 28 June 1943) is a German physicist, known for discovery of the integer quantum Hall effect, for which he was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Voyongkor Sundor
Voyongkor Sundor is a 2017 Bangladeshi Bengali–language psychological drama film, directed by Animesh Aich. Starring Parambrata Chatterjee, the film marked the debut of actress Ashna Habib Bhabna. The script is based on Mati Nandi's novel Joler Ghurni O Bokbok Shobdo.

Animesh Aich
Animesh Aich (born 8 February ) is a Bangladeshi filmmaker, director, actor and writer. He is a recipient of one Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Art Direction for his work in the war film Guerrilla (2011), and has also won a record four Meril Prothom Alo Awards for Best TV Director.
Tivim
Tivim pronounced Thivim, is a village in Nathivim in Bardez, in the North Goa district of Goa, India. It is an important gateway into North Goa as the home to the major railway station in North Goa. Tivim was also the ancestral village of the first global beauty queen of India, Reita Faria. More recently Prathamesh Maulingkar was crowned Mister Supranational 2018. .

Prathamesh Maulingkar
Prathamesh Maulingkar (born 4 April 1991) is an Indian model and former footballer. He won the title of Mister Supranational in 2018. He had played as a centre back for Dempo in the I-League. Maulingkar is the first footballer in Asia to be featured on the cover of Men's Health magazine. He also works as a fitness trainer and owns a gym in Goa.
Pain of Salvation
Pain of Salvation is a Swedish progressive metal band led by Daniel Gildenlöw, who is the band's main songwriter, lyricist, guitarist, and vocalist. Pain of Salvation's sound is characterised by riff-oriented guitar work, a broad vocal range, oscillation between heavy and calm passages, complex vocal harmonies and the structures of their albums, syncopation, and polyrhythms. Thus far, every album released by the band has been a concept album. Lyrically, the band tends to address contemporary issues, such as sexuality, war, the environment, and the nature of God, humanity, and existence.

Daniel Gildenlöw
Daniel Gildenlöw (born 5 June 1973) is a Swedish musician and songwriter. He is best known as a multi-instrumentalist and vocalist for the progressive rock band Pain of Salvation. In the band, he is the main songwriter, lead singer, guitarist, producer, and the mastermind behind each album's concept. He has also performed with The Flower Kings, Transatlantic and The Sea Within.
Lost for Words (1999 film)
Lost for Words is a British TV film which premiered on ITV on 3 January 1999. It was adapted from his autobiographical book of the same title by Deric Longden and directed by Alan J. W. Bell. It was a sequel to Longden's earlier autobiographical film Wide-Eyed and Legless (aka The Wedding Gift). It dealt with Deric's mother Annie (Thora Hird), her decline into dementia and how Deric (Pete Postlethwaite) and his wife Aileen (Penny Downie) coped with this. For her performance, Hird won the 2000 BAFTA for Best Actress, the 1999 RTS Award for Best Actor – Female, and the 1999 National Television Award for Most Popular Actress. The programme also won a 1999 Peabody Award and the 1999 International Emmy for Best Drama.

Wide-Eyed and Legless
Wide-Eyed and Legless (known in the US as The Wedding Gift) is a 1993 made-for-TV British drama film, directed by Richard Loncraine starring Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Sian Thomas and Thora Hird.

It is based on the 1989 book Diana's Story by the writer Deric Longden, who co-wrote the script with Jack Rosenthal. The film tells the story of the final years of Deric's (played by Broadbent) marriage to his wife, Diana (Walters), who contracted a degenerative illness which left her unable to walk and in almost constant pain and which medical officials were unable to understand at the time, though now believed to be a form of chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis. As Diana's health deteriorated, she encourages him to spend time with another woman whom Longden has met (the partially-sighted and legally blind novelist Aileen Armitage (Thomas)), to help ease his pain over her eventual death.
Eureka, Nunavut
Eureka is a small research base on Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Qikiqtaaluk Region, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. It is located on the north side of Slidre Fiord, which enters Eureka Sound farther west. It is the third-northernmost permanent research community in the world.  The only two farther north are Alert, which is also on Ellesmere Island, and Nord, in Greenland.  Eureka has the lowest average annual temperature and the lowest amount of precipitation of any weather station in Canada.

Eureka's postal code is X0A 0G0 and the area code is 867.

Eureka Sound
Eureka Sound is a high Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Axel Heiberg Island from Ellesmere Island. Stor Island is located within the sound. Eureka Sound is 290 km (180 mi) long, and 13–48 km (8.1–29.8 mi) wide. Fort Eureka is nearby.
Maidenhead Bridge
Maidenhead Bridge is a Grade I listed bridge carrying the A4 road over the River Thames between Maidenhead, Berkshire and Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. It crosses the Thames on the reach above Bray Lock, about half a mile below Boulter's Lock. The Thames Path crosses the river here.

Bray Lock
Bray Lock is a lock and weir on the River Thames in England near Bray and Dorney Reach, and is just above the M4 Bridge across the Thames. The lock is on the Buckinghamshire side of the river on the opposite bank from Bray itself and Maidenhead which are in Berkshire. Here, the county line stands roughly halfway between the lock and the opposite bank, following the course of the Thames itself. The pound lock was built by the Thames Navigation Commission relatively late, in 1845. The lock keeper's cottage is on an island (Parting Eyot) between the lock and the weir.

The weir is almost level with the lock and runs straight across to the opposite bank from the other side of the lock island.
New Jersey's 2nd legislative district
New Jersey's 2nd legislative district is one of 40 in the state, covering the Atlantic County municipalities of Absecon, Atlantic City, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Hamilton Township, Linwood, Longport, Margate City, Northfield, Pleasantville, Port Republic, Somers Point and Ventnor City as of the 2021 apportionment. Since 1967, the 2nd District has been exclusively made up of municipalities from Atlantic County, except for an eight-year period from 1974 until 1982.

Ventnor City, New Jersey
Ventnor City is a city situated on the Jersey Shore on Absecon Island, within Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, on the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 9,210, a decrease of 1,440 (−13.5%) from the 2010 census count of 10,650, which in turn reflected a decrease of 2,260 (−17.5%) from the 12,910 counted in the 2000 census. The city, and all of Atlantic County, is part of the Atlantic City–Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.

Ventnor City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17, 1903, from portions of Egg Harbor Township.
Surry County, Virginia
Surry County is a county in the southeastern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,561.

In 1652, Surry County was formed from the portion of James City County south of the James River. For more than 350 years it has depended on an agricultural economy. The county has 19 sites listed on the National Register, including a landmark occupied in 1676 known as Bacon's Castle and Chippokes Plantation (now a state park). The Jamestown Ferry provides easy access to Virginia's Historic Triangle, featuring Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown, linked by the National Park Service's Colonial Parkway.

The county is known for farming, curing Virginia Hams, and harvesting lumber, notably Virginia pine.

Historic Triangle
The Historic Triangle includes three historic colonial communities located on the Virginia Peninsula, bounded by the York River on the north and James River on the south. The three points that form the triangle are Jamestown, Colonial Williamsburg, and Yorktown. They feature many restored attractions and are linked by the Colonial Parkway in James City and York counties, and the City of Williamsburg.

Describing the significance to the United States of the three main points of the Historic Triangle, the Reverend Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, rector of Bruton Parish Church and co-founder of Colonial Williamsburg, said, "Williamsburg is Jamestown continued, and Yorktown is Williamsburg vindicated."
Spam musubi
Spam musubi is a snack and lunch food composed of a slice of grilled Spam sandwiched either in between or on top of a block of rice, wrapped together with nori in the tradition of Japanese onigiri.

Inexpensive and portable, Spam musubi are commonly found near cash registers in convenience stores or mom-and-pop shops all over Hawaii and in Hawaiian barbecue restaurants in the mainland United States. Musubi typically only uses spam, rice, some salt, nori and shoyu (soy sauce), but other toppings can be added. In Hawaii, spam musubi is commonly eaten as a snack or served in formal restaurants.

Nori
Nori (Japanese: 海苔) is a dried edible seaweed used in Japanese cuisine, usually made from species of the red algae genus Pyropia, including P. yezoensis and P. tenera. It has a strong and distinctive flavor, and is generally made into flat sheets and used to wrap rolls of sushi or onigiri (rice balls).

The finished dried sheets are made by a shredding and rack-drying process that resembles papermaking. They are sold in packs in grocery stores for culinary purposes. Since nori sheets easily absorb water from the air and degrade, a desiccant is needed when storing nori for any significant time.

Nori—despite not being cultivated by humans until the 1600s—has been popular since the pre-modern era in Japan, having been used as currency, offerings at shrines, and food since the 700s.
Nagrik Unmukti Party
The People's Freedom Party (Nepali: नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी, Nagrik Unmukti Party) is a political party in Nepal. The party's primary base is in the Tharuhath region, especially Kailali district and Bardiya district.

People's Socialist Party, Nepal (2020)
The People's Socialist Party, Nepal (abbr. PSP-N; Nepali: जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल), also known as Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal  is the seventh largest political party in Nepal. Since the 2022 local election, the party had been limited to stand only as the third largest party of Madhesh Province after the Nepali Congress and CPN (UML) respectively.

With 9 out of 275 seats in the lower house and 3 out of 59 seats in the upper house National Assembly, the party is the seventh largest political party in the Federal Parliament. While Mahantha Thakur serves as patron of the party, Upendra Yadav serves as the party chairman.
Astún
Astún (Spanish pronunciation: [asˈtun]) is a ski resort situated  near the town of Canfranc in the High Aragon of the western Pyrenees (province of Huesca, Spain). The source of the Aragon River is in the resort. Ibón de Truchas attracts anglers. It is connected to the city by 33 km of the N -330. At its feet is the urbanization of the tracks, which had 6 inhabitants in 2012.

Province of Huesca
Huesca (Aragonese: Uesca; Catalan: Osca), officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. The capital is Huesca.

Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France and the French departments of Haute-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and Hautes-Pyrénées. Within Spain, Huesca's neighboring provinces are Navarre, Zaragoza, and Lleida.
Zane Goddard
Zane Goddard (born 13 October 1999) is an Australian former professional racing driver who competed for 15 years. He last competed in the Repco Supercars Championship, where he drove for Triple Eight Race Engineering as a co-driver alongside Craig Lowndes in the No. 888 Chevrolet Camaro.

Triple Eight Race Engineering
Triple Eight Race Engineering, branded as Red Bull Ampol Racing in Supercars, is an Australian motor racing team competing in the Supercars Championship. The team has been the only Brisbane-based V8 Supercar team since its formation, originally taking over and operating out of the former Briggs Motor Sport workshop in Bowen Hills during the 2003 season before moving to Banyo in 2009. The team has won the Supercars drivers' championship eleven times, the teams' championship thirteen times and the Bathurst 1000 ten times.

The team currently runs three Ford Mustang S650s for Broc Feeney, Will Brown and Jackson Walls. Additionally, the team provides technical support to Blanchard Racing Team. The team performs its testing at Queensland Raceway.
Earl L. Warrick
Earl Leathen Warrick (September 23, 1911 – November 15, 2002) was an American industrial chemist at Dow Corning who is noted for his claim to being the inventor of Silly Putty.

Warrick was the 1976 recipient of the Charles Goodyear Medal.

Charles Goodyear Medal
The Charles Goodyear Medal is the highest honor conferred by the American Chemical Society, Rubber Division.  Established in 1941, the award is named after Charles Goodyear, the discoverer of vulcanization, and consists of a gold medal, a framed certificate and prize money.  The medal honors individuals for "outstanding invention, innovation, or development which has resulted in a significant change or contribution to the nature of the rubber industry".  Awardees give a lecture at an ACS Rubber Division meeting, and publish a review of their work in the society's scientific journal Rubber Chemistry and Technology.
John Howard Mueller
John Howard Mueller (June 13, 1891, Sheffield, Massachusetts – February 14, 1954) was an American biochemist, pathologist, and bacteriologist. He is known as the discoverer of the amino acid methionine in 1921, and as the co-developer, with Jane Hinton, of the eponymous Mueller–Hinton agar.

Jane Hinton
Jane Hinton (May 1, 1919 – April 9, 2003) was a pioneer in the study of bacterial antibiotic resistance and one of the first two African-American women to gain the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (1949). Prior to her veterinary medicine studies at the University of Pennsylvania, she had been a laboratory technician at Harvard, codeveloping Mueller–Hinton agar, a culture medium that is now commonly used to test bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. She later practiced as a small animal veterinarian in Massachusetts, and then as a federal government inspector investigating disease outbreak in livestock for the Department of Agriculture.
İzmir Metro
The İzmir Metro (Turkish: İzmir Metrosu) is a light metro system serving the city of İzmir, Turkey. The current system, consisting of one line, starts from Narlıdere Kaymakamlık station in the southwestern portion of the metropolitan area and runs towards northeast to end at Evka-3 in Bornova. İzmir's metro line is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long, and serves 24 stations as of 4 March 2024.

Evka 3 (İzmir Metro)
Evka 3 is the eastern terminus of the F. Altay—Evka 3 Line of the İzmir Metro. The station opened on 30 March 2012, along with Ege Üniversitesi station, as part of a 2.3 km (1.4 mi) eastward expansion. The line is expected to be extended further, this time back west, from Evka 3 to central Bornova. Evka 3 consists of two side platforms serving two tracks.
John Gresham
Sir John Gresham (1495 – 23 October 1556) was an English merchant, courtier and financier who worked for King Henry VIII of England, Cardinal Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell. He was Lord Mayor of London and founded Gresham's School. He was the brother of Sir Richard Gresham.

Holt, Norfolk
Holt is a market town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The town is 23 miles (37 km) north of the city of Norwich, 10 miles (16 km) west of Cromer and 35 miles (56 km) east of King's Lynn. The town has a population of 3,550, rising and including the ward to 3,810 at the 2011 census. Holt is within the area covered by North Norfolk District Council. Holt has a heritage railway station; it is the south-western terminus of the preserved North Norfolk Railway, known as the Poppy Line.
Driglam namzha
The Driglam Namzha (Dzongkha: སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་; Wylie: sgrig lam rnam gzhag) is the official code of etiquette and dress code of Bhutan. It governs how citizens should dress in public as well as how they should behave in formal settings. It also regulates a number of cultural assets such as art and architecture. In English, driglam means "order, discipline, custom, rules, regimen" and namzha means "system", though the term may be styled "The Rules for Disciplined Behavior".

Dress code
A dress code is a set of rules, often written, with regard to what clothing groups of people must wear. Dress codes are created out of social perceptions and norms, and vary based on purpose, circumstances, and occasions. Different societies and cultures are likely to have different dress codes, Western dress codes being a prominent example.

Dress codes are symbolic indications of different social ideas, including social class, cultural identity, attitude towards comfort, tradition, and political or religious affiliations. Dress code also allows individuals to read others' behavior as good, or bad by the way they express themselves with their choice of apparel.
Gujrat, Pakistan
Gujrat (Punjabi: [ɡʊd͡ʒɾaːt̪]) is a city, located along the western bank of the Chenab River, in the northern region of Punjab, Pakistan. Located around the historic Gujrat Fort, it serves as the headquarters of its eponymous district and division. It is the 11th-most populous city in Punjab and the 16th in Pakistan, with an urban population of 574,240 in 2023. Having an industrial and export-oriented economy, Gujrat constitutes the "Golden Triangle of Punjab" alongside Sialkot and Gujranwala. It is also known for being the setting of the classical Punjabi folktale of Sohni Mahiwal.

Gujrat Division
Gujrat Division (Punjabi: [ɡʊd͡ʒə̆ˈɾaːt̪ə̆ ɖɪˈʋiːʒən]), also called Division X, is an administrative division of Punjab, Pakistan, comprising the districts of Gujrat, Hafizabad, Mandi Bahauddin, and Wazirabad; and headquartered at the city of Gujrat in northern Punjab. With a population of over 7.3 million, it is the least populous of the ten divisions in the province.
Bethel House
The Bethel House is a historic house at Erwin and 2nd Streets in Des Arc, Arkansas.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof and weatherboard siding.  The front of the house is dominated by a broad cross gable, beneath which is a recessed porch, supported by groups of columns set on fieldstone piers.  The house was designed by Charles L. Thompson and built in 1918; it is a fine example of the small-scale residential architecture Thompson produced.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Charles L. Thompson and associates
Charles L. Thompson and associates is an architectural group that was established in Arkansas since the late 1800s. It is now known as Cromwell Architects Engineers, Inc.. This article is about Thompson and associates' work as part of one architectural group, and its predecessor and descendant firms, including under names Charles L. Thompson, Thompson & Harding, Sanders & Ginocchio, and Thompson, Sanders and Ginocchio.

The firm was the "most prolific architectural firm" practicing in Arkansas in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and produced more than 2,000 buildings. The architectural group used standard and custom designs that both led and evolved with changing architectural taste in Arkansas. The group built a wide range of types of works, including large public buildings, commercial buildings, mansions, and small houses. Many works by Thompson and the associated firms survive and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Quintus Lollius Urbicus
Quintus Lollius Urbicus was a  Berber governor of Roman Britain between the years 139 and 142, during the reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius. He is named in the Historia Augusta, although it is not entirely historical, and his name appears on five Roman inscriptions from Britain; his career is set out in detail on a pair of inscriptions set up in his native Tiddis near Cirta (Constantine, Algeria), Numidia.

Tiddis
Tiddis (also known as Castellum Tidditanorum or Tiddi) was a Roman city that depended on Cirta and a bishopric as "Tiddi", which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

It was located on the territory of the current commune of Béni Hamidane in the Constantine Province of eastern Algeria.