hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Mother Tongue
The Mother Tongue is a 1990 book by Bill Bryson which compiles the history and origins of the English language and its various quirks. It is subtitled English And How It Got That Way. The book discusses the Indo-European origins of English, the growing status of English as a global language, the complex etymology of English words, the dialects of English, spelling reform, prescriptive grammar, and other topics including swearing. This account popularises the subject and makes it accessible to the lay reader, but it has been criticised for its many inaccuracies, such as the perpetuation of several urban myths.

This book has also been published in the UK by Penguin Books under the title Mother Tongue: The English Language.

Bryson has since followed up this work with Made in America.

Bill Bryson
William McGuire Bryson (/ˈbraɪsən/ BRYE-sən; born 8 December 1951) is an American-British journalist and author. Bryson has written nonfiction books on topics including travel, the English language, and science. Born in the United States, he has resided in Britain for most of his adult life, returning to the U.S. between 1995 and 2003, and holds dual American and British citizenship. He was the chancellor of Durham University from 2005 to 2011.

In 1995, while in the United Kingdom, Bryson wrote Notes from a Small Island, an exploration of Britain. In 2003, he authored A Short History of Nearly Everything. In October 2020, he announced that he had retired from writing books. In 2022, he recorded an audiobook for Audible, The Secret History of Christmas. He has sold over 16 million books worldwide.
Wiekowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Wiekowo [vjɛˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Darłowo, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) south of Darłowo, 23 km (14 mi) west of Sławno, and 153 km (95 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 212.

Gmina Darłowo
Gmina Darłowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Darłowo, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 269.84 square kilometres (104.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,561.
Somesville, Maine
Somesville is the oldest village of the town of Mount Desert on Mount Desert Island in southeastern Maine, United States. It is located on the north end of Somes Sound. The village was established by Abraham Somes who was the first European settler on the island. It attracted many people because of its mills and quarries. The entire village is part of the Somesville Historic District.

Abraham Somes
Abraham Somes (March 14, 1732 – September 7, 1819) was an American soldier and pioneer who was the primary founder of settlements on the scenic Mount Desert Island, which is now part of Acadia National Park in present-day Maine.
Tennis at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Tennis at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place on ten separate courts at the Olympic Tennis Centre. The surface was hardcourt.

172 players competed in four events. 2004 saw more of the top ranked players appearing, as this tournament saw world ranking points allocated to the players for the first time. Martina Navratilova made her first appearance at the Olympic Games where she partnered with Lisa Raymond in the ladies doubles.

Chile finished on top of the medal table with its first two Olympic gold medals in history, as Nicolás Massú won both the men's singles and doubles with Fernando González. They saved 4 consecutive championship points en route to the title in the 4th set tiebreak of the final. González also won a bronze medal in the men's singles competition. In the women's events, Justine Henin from Belgium secured the women's singles title while Chinese pair, Li Ting and Sun Tiantian took the women's doubles.

Athens Olympic Tennis Centre
The Athens Olympic Tennis Centre is a grouping of 16 tennis courts at the Athens Olympic Sports Complex, in Marousi, Athens, Greece. The centre consists of a main stadium, known as The Main Court, seating 8,600 fans - though only 6,000 seats were made publicly available during the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Paralympics- two semifinal courts, seating 4,300 spectators - though only 3,200 seats were made publicly available during the Olympics - and thirteen side courts, seating 200 observers each.

Each of the courts use the DecoTurf cushioned acrylic surface, the same surface as the U.S. Open Grand Slam event. The Main Court, in particular, is extremely large by the standards of major tennis competitions, with the seats being relatively far removed from the tennis court.
Chase Sui Wonders
Chase Sui Wonders (born May 21, 1996) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Riley in the HBO Max series Generation (2021), Emma in the horror-comedy film Bodies Bodies Bodies (2022), Quinn Hackett in Apple TV+ satirical comedy series The Studio (2025), and Ava Brucks in the slasher film I Know What You Did Last Summer (2025).

Anna Sui
Anna Sui (Chinese: 蕭志美; pinyin: Xiāo Zhìměi; born August 4, 1955) is an American fashion designer. Her brand categories include several fashion lines, footwear, cosmetics, fragrances, eyewear, jewelry, accessories and home goods.

Sui was named one of the "Top 5 Fashion Icons of the Decade" for 2000–2010, and in 2009 earned the Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA), joining the ranks of Yves Saint Laurent, Giorgio Armani, Ralph Lauren, and Diane von Furstenberg.
Lease Corporation International
Lease Corporation International is a company based in Dublin, Ireland, which offers a wide range of aircraft leasing to various airlines. LCI is a subsidiary of Libra Group, which is headed by George Logothetis.

Lease Corporation International was founded in 2004. The subsidiary leases fixed-wing aircraft to airlines in Europe and Asia, including Singapore Airlines, British Airways, Virgin Atlantic, Oman Air, and Hong Kong Express Airways. After selling its fleet of aircraft in 2007, LCI purchased new aircraft in 2009. In 2012, LCI expanded into helicopter leasing. Helicopters leased by LCI are used by offshore oil operations, and for search and rescue as well as emergency medical services. LCI offices are located in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Singapore.

George Logothetis
George Michael Logothetis (Greek: Τζορτζ Μάικλ Λογοθέτης; born 18 January 1975) is a Greek-American businessman. He was born into a Greek shipping family. Logothetis grew up in London and has lived in New York City since 2004. He is a US citizen.

Logothetis is the executive chairman of Libra Group, a diversified international privately owned company that he founded in 2003. As of 2023, Libra Group owns and operates 20 subsidiary companies around the world, mainly in six industries: aerospace, renewable energy, hotels and hospitality services, real estate, diversified investments, and maritime.
Stuffley Knob
Stuffley Knob is the tallest mountain in Johnson County, Kentucky, with a summit elevation of 1,496 feet (456 m) above sea level. The summit is located about eight miles west of Paintsville at 37°46′59″N 82°55′13″W﻿ / ﻿37.78306°N 82.92028°W﻿ / 37.78306; -82.92028, just off of U.S. Route 460.

Johnson County, Kentucky
Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,680. Its county seat is Paintsville. The county was formed in 1843 and named for Richard Mentor Johnson, a colonel of the War of 1812, United States Representative, Senator, and Vice President of the United States.

Johnson County is classified as a moist county, which is a county in which alcohol sales are not allowed (a dry county), but containing a "wet" city, in this case Paintsville, where alcoholic beverage sales are allowed.
Julie Wilson Nimmo
Julie Wilson Nimmo (born 26 May 1972) is a Scottish actress. She portrayed the roles of Miss Hoolie in the BBC Children's series Balamory, Mrs Sawdust in CBeebies show Olga Da Polga and DC Megan Squire in the BBC Scottish comedy series Scot Squad.

Greg Hemphill
Gregory Edward Hemphill (born 14 December 1969) is a Scottish comedian, actor, writer, and director. Born in Springburn, an inner–city district in Glasgow, Scotland, Hemphill moved to Montreal in Canada in the mid-1970s before returning to Scotland in 1988.

Hemphill is one of the executive producers and co–owner of the production company Effingee Productions. His work with Ford Kiernan, his long standing comedy and script writing partner, includes the BBC Scotland comedy series Chewin' The Fat (1999–2005) and Still Game (2002–2007, 2016–2019). Hemphill was Rector of the University of Glasgow between 2001 and 2004.
Ulman Stromer
Ulman Stromer (6 January 1329 – 3 April 1407) was a German long-distance trader, factory owner and councillor of Nuremberg, then a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. He ran the family enterprise, one of the largest of the prospering trade center, from 1370 until his death by the plague in 1407.

In 1390, he established the first permanent paper mill north of the Alps, at the Pegnitz river not far from the city.:

In the name of Christ, amen. Anno Domini 1390, I, Ulman Stromer, started at making paper on St. John's day at the Solstice, and began to set up a wheel in the Gleissmühle, and Clos Obsser was the first who came to work.

Stromer decided to start a paper-mill after he recognised the success that this business was having in Italy. In order to secure the know-how he employed the Italian brothers Marco and Francisco di Marchia and their boy Bartolomeo, bringing them to Nuremberg.

Paper mill
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt, all paper in a paper mill was made by hand, one sheet at a time, by specialized laborers.
Bacurius II
Bakur II (Georgian: ბაკურ II, Latinized as Bacurius), of the Chosroid Dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Iberia (natively known as Kartli; ancient Georgia) from 534 to 547.

The name Bacurius is the Latin form of the Greek Bakour (Βάκουρ), itself a variant of the Middle Iranian Pakur, derived from Old Iranian bag-puhr ('son of a god'). The name "Bakur" is the Georgian (ბაკურ) and Armenian (Բակուր) attestation of Middle Iranian Pakur.

Bakur was the son and successor of King Dachi. According to the medieval Georgian chronicler Juansher, he died leaving young children and Iberia fell under Sassanid control. He had two children, Pharasmanes V and one of the parents of Pharasmanes VI.

Chosroid dynasty
The Chosroid dynasty (a Latinization of Khosro[v]ianni, Georgian: ხოსრო[ვ]იანები), also known as the Iberian Mihranids, were a dynasty of kings and later presiding princes of the early Georgian state of Iberia from the 4th to the 9th centuries. The family, of Iranian Mihranid origin, accepted Christianity as their official religion c. 337 (or 319/326), and maneuvered between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Iran to retain a degree of independence. After the abolition of the Iberian kingship by the Sassanids c. 580, the dynasty survived in its two closely related, but sometimes competing princely branches—the elder Chosroid and the younger Guaramid—down to the early ninth century when they were succeeded by the Georgian Bagratids on the throne of Iberia.
2012–13 Luxembourg Cup
The 2012–13 Luxembourg Cup was the 88th season of Luxembourg's annual football cup competition. It began on 2 September 2012 with Round 1 and ended on 17 May 2013 with the Final. The winners of the competition will qualify for the first qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League.

F91 Dudelange, the defending champions, lost to eventual winners Jeunesse Esch in the Quarter Finals.

Jeunesse Esch
Jeunesse Esch (full name Association Sportive la Jeunesse d'Esch/Alzette) is a professional football club based in Esch-sur-Alzette, in south-western Luxembourg. The side play in the National Division, the highest league in the country, and have won the league title on 28 occasions between 1921 and 2010, the most of any team in Luxembourg.
Stories from the Kronen
Stories from the Kronen (Spanish: Historias del Kronen) is a 1995 drama film directed by Montxo Armendáriz based on the novel of the same name by José Ángel Mañas, which stars Juan Diego Botto and Jordi Mollà.

It was entered into the 1995 Cannes Film Festival.

José Ángel Mañas
José Ángel Mañas (Madrid, 22 October 1971) is a Spanish writer. Mañas is often included as a member of the generation of neorealist Spanish writers from the 1990s, along with Juan Gracia, Gabriela Bustelo, Ray Loriga and Lucía Etxebarria. His books have been translated into several languages.
Madea's Family Reunion
Madea's Family Reunion is a 2006 American comedy-drama film and an adaptation of the stage production of the same name written by Tyler Perry. The film is a sequel to Diary of a Mad Black Woman. It was written, directed by, and starring Perry with the rest of the cast consisting of Blair Underwood, Lynn Whitfield, Boris Kodjoe, Henry Simmons, Lisa Arrindell, Maya Angelou, Rochelle Aytes, Jenifer Lewis, Tangi Miller, Keke Palmer, and Cicely Tyson. The film tells the story of Madea preparing for an upcoming family reunion while dealing with the dramas before and during it. It was released on February 24, 2006, nearly one year following its predecessor, Diary of a Mad Black Woman. The independent film was produced by Lionsgate. Madea's Family Reunion grossed $63.4 million worldwide.

Tangi Miller
Tangi Miller (born February 28, 1970) is an American actress, model, director, and dancer. As an actress she is known for the role of Elena Tyler on the popular television drama Felicity. Miller has received two NAACP Image Award nominations throughout her career. Starting in the mid 2000s, Miller focused on indie films and has worked as a producer and director.
The Last Vermeer
The Last Vermeer is a 2019 American drama film directed by Dan Friedkin from a screenplay by John Orloff (under the pen name James McGee), Mark Fergus and Hawk Otsby. It is based on the 2008 book The Man Who Made Vermeers by Jonathan Lopez, and tells the story of Han van Meegeren (played by Guy Pearce), an art maker who swindles millions of dollars from the Nazis, alongside Dutch Resistance fighter Joseph Piller (Claes Bang).

The film had its worldwide release at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on November 20, 2020, by Sony Pictures Releasing through the TriStar Pictures label.

Dan Friedkin
Thomas Dan Friedkin (born February 27, 1965) is an American businessman. He is the chairman and CEO of The Friedkin Group. The Friedkin Group is a privately held consortium of businesses and investments in the automotive, luxury hospitality, sports and entertainment industries.

He is also the owner and chairman of Serie A club Roma and Premier League club Everton. As of January 2026, his estimated net worth is US$9.4 billion.
Berens River Airport
Berens River Airport (IATA: YBV, ICAO: CYBV) is located adjacent to the mouth of Berens River, Manitoba, Canada and serves the Berens River First Nation. The airport serves several small local airlines including Kitchi Airways, Northway Aviation, Lakeside Aviation, and Perimeter Aviation. There are six flights a week to and from Winnipeg via Perimeter Aviation.

Northway Aviation
Northway Aviation Ltd is a Canadian bush airline providing scheduled and charter passenger and freight service from St. Andrews Airport, St Andrews, Manitoba, Canada utilizing both wheel and float equipped aircraft.

The 22-minute Canadian documentary film, Bush Pilot: Reflections on a Canadian Myth, made in 1980 by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and directed by Norma Bailey and Robert Lower, is about the early days of Northway Aviation and Canadian bush flying.
Patent Trial and Appeal Board
The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) is an administrative law body of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) which decides issues of patentability. It was formed on September 16, 2012, as one part of the America Invents Act.  Prior to its formation, the main judicial body in the USPTO was the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (BPAI).

Leahy–Smith America Invents Act
The Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) is a United States federal statute that was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on September 16, 2011. The law represents the most significant legislative change to the U.S. patent system since the Patent Act of 1952 and closely resembles previously proposed legislation in the Senate in its previous session (Patent Reform Act of 2009).

Named for its lead sponsors, Sen. Patrick Leahy (D–VT) and Rep. Lamar Smith (R–TX), the Act switches the U.S. patent system from a "first to invent" to a "first inventor to file" system, eliminates interference proceedings, and develops post-grant opposition. Its central provisions went into effect on September 16, 2012 and on March 16, 2013.
Bravo Otto
The Bravo Otto is a German accolade honoring excellence of performers in film, television and music.  Established in 1957, the award is presented annually, with winners selected by the readers of Bravo magazine.  The award is presented in gold, silver and bronze and, since 1996, an honorary platinum statuette presented for lifetime achievement.

Bushido (rapper)
Anis Mohamed Youssef Ferchichi (born 28 September 1978), better known by his alias Bushido, is a German rapper, hip-hop producer, and entrepreneur. He is also the co-founder of the record label ersguterjunge.

Raised in Berlin, Ferchichi came in contact with hip-hop through graffiti and his friend and fellow rapper Fler. In 2001, Ferchichi released his demo King of KingZ, which later led him to sign a record label deal with Aggro Berlin. Ferchichi's first official release was Carlo Cokxxx Nutten in 2002, a collaboration with Fler.
Listed buildings in Melling-with-Wrayton
Melling-with-Wrayton is a civil parish in Lancaster, Lancashire, England.  It contains 22 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Melling and the hamlet of Wrayton, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouses and associated structures.  The others include a church and associated structures, and two milestones.

Melling-with-Wrayton
Melling-with-Wrayton is a civil parish in the City of Lancaster in the English county of Lancashire.  It includes the village of Melling and the hamlet of Wrayton, to the northeast. The parish had a population of 290 recorded in the 2001 census, increasing slightly to 299 at the 2011 census.

Melling forms part of a cluster of sites along the Lune Valley – the densest distribution of Norman castles outside the Welsh border countryside. Each has evidence of a motte – as with Arkholme and Whittington – but Melling has no surviving bailey.
Van Siclen Avenue station (BMT Fulton Street Line)
The Van Siclen Avenue station was a station on the demolished BMT Fulton Street Line in Brooklyn, New York City. It had 2 tracks and 2 side platforms. It was served by trains of the BMT Fulton Street Line. The station was built on November 18, 1889, and was the eastern terminus of the line until it was expanded to Linwood Street in February 1892, and Montauk Avenue a month later. The next stop to the east was Linwood Street. The next stop to the west was Pennsylvania Avenue. On November 28, 1948, the Independent Subway System opened the underground Van Siclen Avenue Subway station as an extension of the IND Fulton Street Line directly underneath the el station after years of war-time construction delays. This station rendered the elevated station obsolete, and it closed on April 26, 1956.

Van Siclen Avenue station (IND Fulton Street Line)
The Van Siclen Avenue station is a local station on the IND Fulton Street Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Van Siclen and Pitkin Avenues in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn, it is served by the C train at all times except nights, when the A train takes over service.

Construction on the Van Siclen Avenue station started in 1938 as part of a four-station extension of the Fulton Street subway eastward under Pitkin Avenue toward Queens. Work was delayed by funding problems due to World War II, even though the stations were mostly complete. Construction resumed on the extension of the Fulton Street Line in November 1946, and this part of the Fulton Street Line opened in 1948. The extension of the Fulton Street subway replaced the Fulton Street elevated line, which closed afterward.
Heckler & Koch HK417
The Heckler & Koch HK417 is a battle rifle designed and manufactured by Heckler & Koch.

Being the larger caliber version of the Heckler & Koch HK416, and chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO rifle cartridge, it is intended for use where the penetrative power, stopping power, and range of the 5.56×45mm NATO HK416 would otherwise be insufficient. The HK417 is gas-operated, has a rotating bolt and is capable of selective fire.

The HK417 has been adopted for service by a number of armed forces, special forces, and police organizations throughout the world, including the Bundeswehr, United States Joint Special Operations Command, the United States Army, Russian Spetsnaz forces such as FSB Alpha Group, and others.

Alpha Group
Spetsgruppa "A", also known as Alpha Group, officially Directorate "A" of FSB Special Purpose Center (Russian: Спецназ ФСБ "Альфа", romanized: Spetsnaz FSB "Alfa"), is a sub-unit of Russian special forces within the Russian Special Purpose Center of the Federal Security Service (FSB). It was created by the Soviet KGB in 1974. Although little is known about the exact nature of its primary directives, it is speculated that the unit is authorised to act under the direct control and sanction of Russia's top political leadership, similar to its sister unit, the Directorate "V" (Vympel), which is officially tasked with protecting Russia's strategic installations, as well as conducting black operations inside and outside Russia. It is also available for extended police duties, for paramilitary operations, and for covert operations, both domestically and internationally.
Paint Creek Trail
Paint Creek Trail is an 8.9-mile (14.3 km) rail trail linear park in northeast Oakland County, Michigan.  The course of the park generally follows Paint Creek, a stream that flows southeast towards the Clinton River.

The trail is composed of crushed limestone and has a slope of 2% going south to north, and has a width of 8 feet.  The trail is administered and funded through an inter-government commission representing the townships that the trail services.

Paint Creek Trail was named a National Recreation Trail in 2006.

Oakland Charter Township, Michigan
The Charter Township of Oakland is a charter township on the north Oakland County outskirts of Metro Detroit, in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is colloquially referred to as "Oakland Township". The population was 20,067 at the 2020 census.

Oakland Township is less densely populated than neighboring townships to the west, south, and east; and retains many elements of a rural, wooded residential bedroom community. Local ordinances and zoning laws are aimed at limiting commercial and industrial development while maintaining a cap on population density by way of a master plan.

Oakland Township's northern half has its own zip code, "Oakland, Michigan, 48363", while the southern portion of the township shares zip code 48306 with the northernmost portion of adjacent Rochester Hills. "Oakland", "Goodison", “Rochester”, and "Rochester Hills" are other city names recognized for addresses for residents in this township.