hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stapleford, Hertfordshire
Stapleford is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. The village lies in the Beane valley, on the A119 road about 3 miles (5 km) north of Hertford, its post town. As well as Stapleford village itself, the parish includes the village of Waterford and surrounding rural areas. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 575.

River Beane
The River Beane is a short river in the county of Hertfordshire, England.  A tributary of the River Lea, it rises to the south-west of Sandon in the hills northeast of Stevenage and joins the Lea at Hartham Common in Hertford.
María Dueñas (violinist)
María Dueñas Fernández (born 4 December 2002), is a Spanish violinist and composer. In 2021 she won the first prize in the Yehudi Menuhin Competition, in the Senior Division. She is considered the Spanish violinist with the greatest international profile, and one of the most promising musicians of her generation. In 2022, she signed an exclusive contract with Deutsche Grammophon.

Deutsche Grammophon
Deutsche Grammophon (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ɡʁamoˈfoːn]; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the MCA family of labels in 1999. Deutsche Grammophon is the world's oldest surviving established record company. Presidents of the company are Frank Briegmann, Chairman and CEO Central Europe of Universal Music Group and Clemens Trautmann.
Lev Ilyin
Lev Aleksandrovich Ilyin (Russian: Лев Александрович Ильин; 1880 in Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire – 1942) was an architect from the Soviet Union.

Between 1925 and 1938 Lev Ilyin was the main architect of Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), and an author of the overall map of Leningrad and material in the sphere of town-planning. He served as the general director of the Russian State Research and Design Institute of Urbanism.

During the Siege of Leningrad, Ilyin died during a German bombing raid.

Russian State Research and Design Institute of Urbanism
The Russian State Research and Design Institute of Urbanism (Russian: Российский научно-исследовательский и проектный институт урбанистики) is one of the leading design institutes in Russia in the field of urban development and territorial planning. It is located in Saint Petersburg on Basseynaya Street.
Burton House (Hurley, Wisconsin)
The Burton House was a celebrated hotel located in Hurley, Wisconsin during the city's heyday as a mining and logging community. The building was erected by mining speculator, John E. Burton and opened its doors in September 1886. The hotel was an immaculate structure, with a four-story frame, containing 100 elaborately decorated rooms, dining room, café, clubrooms and a ballroom. One of the Burton Houses's most famous guests was president Grover Cleveland who registered at the hotel on October 5, 1889. After years of decline, the Burton House burned to the ground on Feb. 2, 1947, as a result of an overheated stove in the first floor meeting room of the VFW.

John E. Burton
John Edgar Burton (October 19, 1847 – August 13, 1930) was an American businessman and financier. Burton operated mines in the Gogebic Range of Michigan and Wisconsin, as well as in Alaska's Seward Peninsula, California, Colorado, and Mexico. He also invested in real estate and industry.
Trzy Korony
Trzy Korony (English: Three Crowns) is the summit of the Three Crowns Massif, an independent portion of a range called Pieniny Mountains in the south of Poland. Trzy Korony forms the central part of a compact group of connected mountains known as Pieniny Środkowe, consisting mainly of the limestone and dolomite rock strata. Trzy Korony is located within the Pieniny National Park in Lesser Poland Voivodeship.

Szczawnica
Szczawnica [ʂt͡ʂavˈɲit͡sa] is a resort town situated at the base of the Pieniny mountain range, within Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.  As of June 30, 2007, its population was 7,378.

A well-known resort town since the mid-19th century century, many respiratory and digestive tract illnesses are treated in Szczawnica due to the presence of alkali sorrel springs. The town also possesses skiing trails and slopes, the longest (2 km) at Mount Palenica, fitted with a ski lift.
The Girl Hunters
The Girl Hunters is a 1962 novel by Mickey Spillane, featuring private investigator Mike Hammer. The same year it was published, it was announced that it would be adapted for the screen with Spillane himself playing Mike Hammer.

Mike Hammer (character)
Michael Hammer is a fictional character created by the American author Mickey Spillane. Hammer debuted in the 1947 book I, the Jury, and appeared in 13 novels by Spillane (the final published 1996), and 15 more published by Max Allan Collins after Spillane's death and based on Spillane's notes or incomplete manuscripts.

Spillane's Mike Hammer books were immensely successful in the 1950s, and Spillane's books rank among the best-selling fiction in modern publishing history with estimated sales over 100 million to 200 million. The Hammer character was also adapted to film and television on multiple occasions between the 1950s and early 2000s.

Hammer is a no-holds-barred private investigator whose love for his secretary Velda is outweighed only by his willingness to kill a killer. Hammer's best friend is Pat Chambers, Captain of NYPD Homicide. Hammer was a World War II army veteran who spent two years fighting jungle warfare in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II against Japan.
Medicago Inc.
Medicago Inc. was a Canadian biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of virus-like particles using plants as bioreactors to produce proteins, candidate vaccines, and medications. By using live plant leaves as hosts in the discovery and manufacturing process, the Medicago "Proficia" technology intended to create a rapid, high-yield system for its product candidates. Privately owned by a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Medicago and its product development programs were terminated by Mitsubishi in February 2023.

The main clinical targets for Medicago product candidates were antiviral vaccines and antibody therapeutics. The company's name was derived from the Latin word for alfalfa, which was the first plant the company used to develop its technologies. Medicago technologies evolved from research at the Laval University and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in the 1990s.

Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamiana, colloquially known as benth or benthi, is a species of Nicotiana indigenous to Australia. It is a close relative of tobacco.

A synonym for this species is Nicotiana suaveolens var. cordifolia, a description given by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis in 1868. This was transferred to Nicotiana benthamiana by Karel Domin in Bibliotheca Botanica (1929), honoring the original author in the specific epithet.
Where Did You Go?
"Where Did You Go?" is a song by English DJ Jax Jones featuring British singer MNEK.  It was released on 4 February 2022, via Polydor Records. The song peaked at number 7 on the UK Singles Chart.  When he performed it at the Queen's Platinum Party at the Palace in London, John Newman joined him on stage for the vocals. The cover art features smile-shaped potato bites, similar to McCain Smiles.

Jax Jones
Timucin Lam (born Timucin Fabian Kwong Wah Aluo; 25 July 1987), known professionally as Jax Jones, is an English DJ and record producer. He rose to prominence in 2014 by featuring on Duke Dumont's number-one single "I Got U". He followed this with his own singles, "You Don't Know Me" featuring Raye in 2016, and "Instruction" featuring Demi Lovato and Stefflon Don in 2017. Jax's debut studio album, Snacks (Supersize) was released in 2019.
Peddapuram
Peddapuram is a town in the Kakinada district of Andhra Pradesh in South India. The town also forms a part of Godavari Urban Development Authority.

Peddapuram is known for its milk based sweet called PalaKova. The town is also popular in manufacturing the Silk Sarees and other Handloom varieties.

Godavari Urban Development Authority
The Kakinada Urban Development Authority (KAUDA), previously known as Godavari Urban Development Authority (GUDA), is an urban planning agency spread over the district of Kakinada in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was constituted on 4 November 2016, under Andhra Pradesh Metropolitan Region and Urban Development Authority Act, 2020 with the headquarters located at Kakinada. R. C. Deepthi as Chairperson.
PS Duchess of Edinburgh (1880)
The PS Duchess of Edinburgh was a passenger ferry that was built in Glasgow for the South Eastern Railway Company (SER) in 1880. In 1883 James Little & Co acquired her for the Barrow Steam Navigation Company and renamed her Manx Queen. She passed to the Midland Railway in 1907 and was scrapped that same year.

Barrow Steam Navigation Company
The Barrow Steam Navigation Company was a steamship company, owned by the Midland Railway, Furness Railway, and James Little & Company. It was acquired by the Midland Railway in 1907.

It operated a number of ships, including:

TSS City of Belfast (1893)

PS Duchess of Buccleuch (1888)

TSS Duchess of Devonshire (1897)

PS Manx Queen (1880)
Black Lake (New York)
Black Lake is located in the northern part of New York in the United States and is the largest lake in Saint Lawrence County.  The lake is south of the Saint Lawrence River and parallels the river for many miles.

Black Lake is of glacial origin, having been formed by the melting of continental glaciation in the state around 12,000 years ago.

Water flows into the lake from several sources, the largest being the Indian River.  The lake drains into the Oswegatchie River and then into the Saint Lawrence River. The northeast end of the lake is south of Ogdensburg, New York.

The Mohawk people referred to the lake as Kanientàrhón:tsi, which translates to "lake is black".

Indian River (Black Lake)
Indian River flows into Black Lake near Rossie, New York. The outlets of Red Lake, Lake of the Woods, and Muskellunge Lake flow into the Indian River. The river is part of the Oswegatchie River watershed.
Shipshape & Bristol Fashion
Shipshape & Bristol Fashion is an album released in 1986 by New Zealand band Hello Sailor. Following the release of the album, the band appeared on the cover of Rip It Up issue 113, which included a review.

Hello Sailor (band)
Hello Sailor was a New Zealand pop/rock band originally formed in 1975. Although the band formally disbanded in 1980 after just two albums, they have continued to sporadically reunite during the years since; recording a further four albums and performing numerous live tours and appearances.
N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyltransferase
N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.187, uridine diphosphoacetyl-mannosamineacetylglucosaminylpyrophosphorylundecaprenol acetylmannosaminyltransferase, N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase, UDP-N-acetylmannosamine:N-acetylglucosaminyl diphosphorylundecaprenol N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase, UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol beta-1,4-N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol 4-beta-N-acetylmannosaminyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol  UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol

This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of teichoic acid linkage units in bacterial cell walls.

Teichoic acid
Teichoic acids (cf. Greek τεῖχος, teīkhos, "wall", to be specific a fortification wall, as opposed to τοῖχος, toīkhos, a regular wall) are bacterial copolymers  of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate and carbohydrates linked via phosphodiester bonds.

Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of most Gram-positive bacteria such as species in the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, and Listeria, and appear to extend to the surface of the peptidoglycan layer. They can be covalently linked to N-acetylmuramic acid or a terminal D-alanine in the tetrapeptide crosslinkage between N-acetylmuramic acid units of the peptidoglycan layer, or they can be anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane with a lipid anchor.

Teichoic acids that are anchored to the lipid membrane are referred to as lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), whereas teichoic acids that are covalently bound to peptidoglycan are referred to as wall teichoic acids (WTA).
Buky Canyon
Buky Canyon is a canyon near the rural settlement of Buky, on the Hirskyi Tikych river in the Cherkasy Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) long, 20 m (66 ft) deep, and anywhere from 20 to 40 m (66 to 131 ft) wide.

Cherkasy Oblast
Cherkasy Oblast (Ukrainian: Черкаська область, romanized: Cherkaska oblast, IPA: [tʃerˈkɑsʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Cherkashchyna (Ukrainian: Черкащина, IPA: [tʃerˈkɑʃtʃɪnɐ]) is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine located along the Dnieper River. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Cherkasy. The current population of the oblast is 1,160,744 (2022 estimate).
Brady Lake, Ohio
Brady Lake is an unincorporated census-designated place and former village in Portage County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,222 at the 2020 census. Incorporated in 1927, it originally developed as an amusement park and summer resort that opened in 1891.  It was formed from a small portion of Franklin Township and became fully independent of the township in 1993. The village was named after the lake it borders, Brady Lake, which in turn was named for Captain Samuel Brady, who hid in the lake around 1780 while being pursued by a band of local Native Americans.

Residents voted to dissolve the village on May 2, 2017, and the area was again made part of Franklin Township. In 2019, the United States Census Bureau created the Brady Lake census-designated place (CDP), an area that includes the entire former village as well as the immediate surrounding area. The CDP is part of the Akron metropolitan area.

Portage County, Ohio
Portage County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,791. Located in Northeast Ohio, Portage County is part of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area. Its county seat is Ravenna and its largest city is Kent. The county, named for the portage between the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers, was created in 1807 and formally organized in 1808. In addition to the cities of Kent and Ravenna, Portage County also includes the cities of Aurora and Streetsboro, along with five villages, 18 civil townships, and several unincorporated places within those townships. Additionally, the county includes parts of the city of Tallmadge, and part of the village of Mogadore, both of which are mostly in neighboring Summit County.
Assurance contract
An assurance contract, also known as a provision point mechanism, or crowdaction, is a game-theoretic mechanism that facilitates the voluntary creation of public goods and club goods in the face of collective action problems such as the free rider problem.

The free rider problem is that there may be actions that would benefit a large group of people, but once the action is taken, there is no way to exclude those who did not pay for the action from the benefits.  This leads to a game theoretic problem: all members of a group might be better off if an action were taken, and the members of the group contributed to the cost of the action, but many members of the group may make the perfectly rational decision to let others pay for it, then reap the benefits for free, possibly with the result that no action is taken. The result of this rational game play is lower utility for everyone.

Collective action
Collective action  refers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their condition and achieve a common objective. It is a term that has formulations and theories in many areas of the social sciences including psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science and economics.
Kiss (When the Sun Don't Shine)
"Kiss (When the Sun Don't Shine)" is a song by Dutch Eurodance group Vengaboys, released in November 1999, by Breakin' and Positiva Records, as the lead single from their third studio album, The Platinum Album (2000). The song is both written and produced by Danski & DJ Delmundo and was quite successful on the charts in several countries around the world. It reached number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart and peaked within the top 10 in Canada, Denmark, Flanders, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The accompanying music video was directed by Masashi Muto and filmed in Japan.

Vengaboys
Vengaboys (/ˈbɛŋɡəbɔɪz/ BENG-gə-boyz) is a Dutch Eurodance music group based in Rotterdam consisting of lead and female vocalist Kim Sasabone, female vocalist Denise van Rijswijk and male vocalists Robin Pors and Donny Latupeirissa. Created by Dutch producers Wessel van Diepen (who selected the group members) and Dennis van den Driesschen (known as Danski and Delmundo), the group enjoyed commercial success in the late 1990s. They are best known for their hit singles "We Like to Party", "Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!", and "We're Going to Ibiza", the latter two of which topped the UK Singles Chart and have sold an estimated 25 million records worldwide.

Vengaboys won two World Music Awards in a row for World's Best-Selling Benelux Group in 2000 and 2001. In 2019, Dutch online newspaper Nu.nl called Vengaboys the most successful Dutch pop group in history.
Górczyna, Wschowa County
Górczyna [ɡurˈt͡ʂɨna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szlichtyngowa, within Wschowa County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It is located within the historic region of Greater Poland.

When part of the Kingdom of Poland, Górczyna was the center of the estate of the Szlichtyng family, including Jan Jerzy Szlichtyng, the founder of the nearby town of Szlichtyngowa.

Gmina Szlichtyngowa
Gmina Szlichtyngowa is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Wschowa County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the town of Szlichtyngowa, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Wschowa and 57 km (35 mi) south-east of Zielona Góra.

The gmina covers an area of 99.74 square kilometres (38.5 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,053.
Jaan Port
Jaan Port  (9 February 1891 in Raassilla, Holstre Parish (now, Viljandi Parish) – 24 January 1950 in Tartu) was an Estonian botanist.

He graduated from the University of Tartu in 1926. From 1927 to 1929 Port complemented his gardening knowledge in Germany. Between 1930 and 1937 he worked as the prime gardener in the Botanical Garden of the University of Tartu. In 1932 he received the PhD in botany. Later 1937–1940 Port served as the director of Tartu Teachers' Seminar.

Notable publications include Iluaiad ja kodu ümbruse kaunistus (1933), Aianduse õpperaamat (1940) and Ehisaiandus (1949)

Jaan Port's son was notable architect Mart Port and grandson is sports biologist Kristjan Port..

Jaan port is buried at the Tartu Maarja cemetery (part of Raadi cemetery).

Raassilla
Raassilla is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Between 1991 and 2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian municipalities) the village was located in Tarvastu Parish.

Raassilla is home to the Raassilla Speedway, which holds motocross events. It is also the birthplace of Estonian botanist Jaan Port (1891–1950).
Rosita Baltazar
Rosita Baltazar (16 August 1960 – 6 July 2015) was a Belizean choreographer, dancer, dance instructor and founding assistant director of the Belize National Dance Company. In 2004, she was awarded the Lord Rhaburn Music Award as a dance ambassador and in 2009 she received the Chatoyer Recognition Award from the National Garifuna Council of Belize for her efforts at preserving Garifuna culture.

Belize National Dance Company
Belize National Dance Company (also known as the Belize Dance Company) is a Belizean cultural preservation organization which strives to represent Belize and its many ethnic groups in classical, contemporary and traditional folk dancing.
Urea-to-creatinine ratio
In medicine, the urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR), known in the United States as BUN-to-creatinine ratio, is the ratio of the blood levels of urea (BUN) (mmol/L) and creatinine (Cr) (μmol/L). BUN only reflects the nitrogen content of urea (MW 28), while urea measurement reflects the whole of the molecule (MW 60); urea is just over twice BUN (60/28 = 2.14). In the United States, both quantities are given in mg/dL. The ratio may be used to determine the cause of acute kidney injury or dehydration.

The principle behind this ratio is the fact that both urea (BUN) and creatinine are freely filtered by the glomerulus; however, urea reabsorbed by the renal tubules can be regulated (increased or decreased) whereas creatinine reabsorption remains the same (minimal reabsorption).

Creatinine
Creatinine (/kriˈætɪnɪn, -ˌniːn/; from Ancient Greek  κρέας (kréas) 'flesh') is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).
Fontainebleau High School
Fontainebleau High School is a public high school located in unincorporated St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States, north of Mandeville. The school is a part of the St. Tammany Parish Public Schools.

The school serves Abita Springs, Covington, and a small section of Mandeville. It previously served much of Lacombe.

Abita Springs, Louisiana
Abita Springs is a town in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Abita Springs had a population of 2,631. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area.
Ben Page (market researcher)
Benjamin Page (born 9 January 1965) is an English market researcher. He served as chief executive officer of Ipsos MORI from 2009 to 2021, and Ipsos from 2021 to 2025. Page graduated from St. John's College, Oxford in 1986.

Ipsos
Ipsos Group S.A. (French pronunciation: [ip.sos]; acronym of Institut Public de Sondage d'Opinion Secteur and inspired from the Latin expression, ipso facto) is a multinational market research and consulting firm with headquarters in Paris, France. The company was founded in 1975 by Didier Truchot, Chairman of the company, and has been publicly traded on Euronext Paris since 1 July 1999.

Since 1990, the Group has created or acquired numerous companies. In October 2011, Ipsos acquired Synovate, resulting in an Ipsos organization that ranks as the world’s third largest research agency. As of 2025, Ipsos has offices in 87 countries, employing approximately 20,000 people.
HC Slovan Ústečtí Lvi
HC Slovan Ústečti Lvi is an ice hockey team in the Czech 2nd League (2. národní hokejová liga) (the second division). Their home arena is Zimní stadion Ústí nad Labem in Ústí nad Labem. The team was known as HC Slovan Ústí nad labem.

Zimní stadion Ústí nad Labem
Zimní stadion Ústí nad Labem is an indoor sporting arena located in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.  The capacity of the arena is 6,500 people and was renovated in 2004.  It is currently home to the HC Slovan Ústečtí Lvi ice hockey team.