hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mary Richmond (teacher)
Mary Elizabeth Richmond CBE (30 August 1853 – 3 July 1949) was a New Zealand community leader, teacher and writer.

She was born in New Plymouth, New Zealand in 1853. Her parents were William Richmond and Emily Elizabeth Atkinson.

From 1884 until 1890, Richmond was a teacher at Wellington Girls' High School. In 1898 she opened a private school in Wellington for children from kindergarten to preparatory level, which she operated until 1911. In 1905 she founded the free kindergarten movement in Wellington; the first of the Richmond Kindergarten Schools was opened in 1906.

She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1949 New Year Honours for services in education and welfare work. She died later that year in Wellington, was cremated, and had her ashes buried at Karori Cemetery.

1949 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1949 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by King George VI on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders, and to celebrate the passing of 1948 and the beginning of 1949. They were announced on 1 January 1949.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Richard Cyert
Richard Michael Cyert (July 22, 1921 – October 7, 1998) was an American economist, statistician and organizational theorist, who served as the sixth President of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. He is known for his seminal 1959 work "A Behavioral Theory of the Firm", co-authored with James G. March.

A Behavioral Theory of the Firm
The behavioral theory of the firm first appeared in the 1963 book A Behavioral Theory of the Firm by Richard M. Cyert and James G. March. The work on the behavioral theory started in 1952 when March, a political scientist, joined Carnegie Mellon University, where Cyert was an economist.

Before this model was formed, the existing theory of the firm had two main assumptions: profit maximization and perfect knowledge. Cyert and March questioned these two critical assumptions.
Castle, Oklahoma
Castle is a town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States. A post office was established February 25, 1903, and the town was named for the first postmaster, Manford B. Castle.  The population was 169 at the 2020 Census.

Okfuskee County, Oklahoma
Okfuskee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,310. Its county seat is Okemah. The county is named for a former Muscogee town in present Cleburne County, Alabama, that in turn was named for the Okfuskee, a Muscogee tribe.
Sick!
Sick! (stylized in all caps) is the fourth studio album by American rapper Earl Sweatshirt. It was released on January 14, 2022, through Tan Cressida and Warner Records. The album features collaborations with Armand Hammer and Zelooperz, along with additional vocals by Na-Kel Smith. Production was handled by the Alchemist, Black Noise, Navy Blue (under the alias Ancestors), Samiyam, Alexander Spit, Theravada, Rob Chambers, and some co-production by Earl himself. It was preceded by the singles "2010", "Tabula Rasa" featuring Armand Hammer, and "Titanic".

Black Noise (record producer)
Robert Mansel, known professionally as Black Noise (stylized as Black Noi$e), is an American record producer, songwriter, and DJ from Detroit, Michigan. He is best known for his work as a tour DJ for M.I.A. and Earl Sweatshirt as well as producing and writing tracks for other artists such as Armand Hammer, Danny Brown, Fly Anakin, Lucki, MIKE, Pink Siifu, Wiki, and Zelooperz. Black Noise was the first signee of Earl Sweatshirt's imprint label of Warner Records, Tan Cressida, in 2020.
The Royal Ottawa Golf Club
The Royal Ottawa Golf Club is a private golf club located in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It was founded in 1891, and has made major contributions to the development of Canadian golf right from its early years, hosting many important championships and meetings, and continues to do so. Several significant champion golfers have been associated with the club. The club has 27 holes of golf.

Canadian Amateur Championship
The Canadian Amateur Championship, begun in 1895, is the men's amateur golf championship of Canada. It is staged annually by Golf Canada. It was played at match play until 1968, went to stroke play beginning in 1969, and reverted to match play in 1995. It then returned to stroke play in 2008.
Jingtong Mining Industry Museum
The Jingtong Mining Industry Museum (traditional Chinese: 菁桐礦業生活館; simplified Chinese: 菁桐矿业生活馆; pinyin: Jīngtóng Kuàngyè Shēnghuó Guǎn) is a museum in Jingtong Borough, Pingxi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Jingtong
25°01′26″N 121°43′24″E﻿ / ﻿25.02389°N 121.72333°E﻿ / 25.02389; 121.72333

Jingtong (Chinese: 菁桐; pinyin: Jīngtóng) is a locale in Pingxi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Originally a coal mining town, today it is known mostly for tourism, with numerous souvenir shops and exhibits on the history of the area and the coal mining industry.
Wygoda, Kościerzyna County
Wygoda [vɨˈɡɔda] (Kashubian: Wëgòda) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kościerzyna
Gmina Kościerzyna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kościerzyna, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 310.15 square kilometres (119.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,295.

The gmina contains parts of the protected areas called Kashubian Landscape Park and Wdydze Landscape Park.
Games World of Puzzles
Games World of Puzzles is an American games and puzzle magazine. Originally the merger of two other puzzle magazines spun off from its parent publication Games magazine in the early 1990s, Games World of Puzzles was reunited with Games in October 2014.

The entire magazine interior is now newsprint (as opposed to the part-glossy/part-newsprint format of the original Games) and the puzzles and articles that originally sandwiched the "Pencilwise" section are now themselves sandwiched by the main puzzle pages, replacing the "feature puzzle" section (they are still full-color, unlike the two-color "Pencilwise" sections.) The recombined title assumed the same 9-issue-per-year publication schedule as the original Games.

Kappa Publishing Group
Kappa Publishing Group, Inc. is a Blue Bell, Pennsylvania-based publishing company concentrating on adult puzzle books and magazines as well as children's magazines and maps. It is a private company founded in 1955 with $11.5 million in annual sales.
Agent J (album)
Agent J (Chinese: 特務J) is the ninth studio album by Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai ,released on September 21, 2007, by EMI. The album was produced by Lars Quang, Nik Quang, RnG, Adia, Paul Lee, Michael Lin, Paula Ma, and Jamie Hsueh.

The album sold over 200,000 copies in Taiwan and exceeded 3 million copies across Asia, making it the best-selling album of the year in Taiwan in 2007. Producer Adia won the Best Single Producer award at the 19th Golden Melody Awards for the song "Agent J", while Andrew Chen received the Best Arranger award for the same track.

The album was released simultaneously with a film of the same name, directed by Jeff Chang, Marlboro Lai, and Kuang Sheng, and starring Kim Jae-won, Stephen Fung, and Carl Ng.

Agent J (film)
Agent J (Chinese: 特務J) is a 2007 Taiwanese action romance film. Directed by Chang Jeff Chang, Marlboro Lai, and Kuang Sheng, the film stars Jolin Tsai, Kim Jae-won, Stephen Fung, and Carl Ng. The film is composed of three distinct, unconnected segments, each telling the story of Agent J and her relationships with three different romantic partners.
Nishio Domain
Nishio Domain (西尾藩, Nishio han) was a feudal domain of the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in former Mikawa Province, in what is now the modern-day city of Nishio in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was centered on Nishio Castle.

Nishio
Nishio (西尾市, Nishio-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, in the Chūbu region of Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 169,984 in 65,553 households, with a population density of 1,054 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 160.22 square kilometres (61.86 sq mi). It is a regional commercial and manufacturing center and the country's leading producer of powdered green tea.
Bahoriband Assembly constituency
Bahoriband is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.

It is part of Katni district. As of 2023, its representative is Pranay Prabhat Pandey of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Pranay Prabhat Pandey
Pranay Prabhat Pandey is an Indian politician and businessman from Madhya Pradesh. He is a two time elected Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2018 and 2023, representing Bahoriband Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
He comes from a family of politician, his Father and Great GrandFather have served as the members from Sihora Vidhan Sabha.
Excess burden of taxation
In economics, the excess burden of taxation is one of the economic losses that society suffers as the result of taxes or subsidies.  Economic theory posits that distortions change the amount and type of economic behavior from that which would occur in a free market without the tax. Excess burdens can be measured using the average cost of funds or the marginal cost of funds (MCF). Excess burdens were first discussed by Adam Smith.

An equivalent kind of inefficiency can also be caused by subsidies (which technically can be viewed as taxes with negative rates). The excess burden of taxation is also known as the deadweight loss from taxation.

Economic losses due to taxes have been evaluated to be as low as 2.5 cents per dollar of revenue, and as high as 30 cents per dollar of revenue (on average), and even much higher at the margins.

Marginal cost of public funds
The marginal cost of public funds (MCF) is a concept in public finance which measures the loss incurred by society in raising less revenues to finance government spending due to the distortion of resource allocation caused by taxation. 
Formally, it is defined as the ratio of the marginal value of a monetary unit raised by the government and the value of that marginal private monetary unit. The applications of the marginal cost of public funds include the Samuelson condition for the optimal provision of public goods and the optimal corrective taxation of externalities in public economic theory, the determination of tax-smoothing policy rules in normative public debt analysis and social cost-benefit analysis common in practical policy analysis.
Clifton B. Cates
Clifton Bledsoe Cates (August 31, 1893 – June 4, 1970) was an American general who served as the 19th Commandant of the Marine Corps from 1948 to 1951, holding the rank of a United States Marine Corps four-star general. He earned recognition for his heroism during World War I at the Battle of Belleau Wood and for his exceptional leadership during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Cates is widely regarded as one of the most distinguished young officers of World War I. His remarkable career included commanding a platoon, a company, a battalion, a regiment, and a division, making him one of the few officers across all branches of service to have achieved this feat in combat.

4th Marine Division (United States)
The 4th Marine Division is a reserve division in the United States Marine Corps. It was raised in 1943 for service during World War II, and subsequently fought in the Pacific against the Japanese. Deactivated after the war, the division was re-formed in 1966 and elements of the division deployed during the Gulf War in 1990–1991, as well as during the Iraq War. It is currently the ground combat element of the Marine Forces Reserve and is headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana, and has units throughout the United States.
Yaroslav Yaroslavenko
Yaroslav Yaroslavenko (Ukrainian: Ярослав Ярославенко), original surname Vintskovsky (Ukrainian: Вінцковський, Polish: Więckowski; March 30, 1880 – June 26, 1958) was a Ukrainian composer and conductor best known as author of music for the song Za Ukrainu.

Born in Lviv, Yaroslavenko was a son of Ukrainian writer and poet Dmytro Vintskovsky and Anna de Weryha-Wysoczańska-Pietrusiewicz. His original profession was railway engineer. He studied at the Lviv Conservatory from 1898 to 1900, and graduated with a degree in engineering from the Lviv Polytechnic Institute in 1904. He co-founded the Torban music publishing house in 1906 and was its director for over thirty years. Yaroslavenko managed several Ukrainian and Polish choirs and created numerous theartical and orchestra compositions, among them anthems of the Sokil and Plast societies, as well as choir and solo songs. He is also known for his arrangements of Sich Riflemen songs for the piano. He died in Lviv.

Wysoczański
Wysoczański plural: Wysoczańscy (with by-names such as “de Weryha”, “Minkowicz” or “Pietrusiewicz”) is the surname of a Polish szlachta (nobility) family, which traces its lineage back to Comes Vane Valachus who was granted land in 1431 by Polish King Ladislaus II. Jagiełło. Hereditary Chevaliers of Galicia (“Ritter”) since 1782.
Twin Fantasy (Face to Face)
Twin Fantasy (Face to Face) is the eleventh studio album by American indie rock band Car Seat Headrest, released on February 16, 2018 through Matador Records. It is a complete full band studio re-recording and reworking of the band's sixth album, Twin Fantasy, originally released by then-solo artist Will Toledo in 2011.

Car Seat Headrest
Car Seat Headrest is an American indie rock band formed in Leesburg, Virginia, and currently located in Seattle, Washington. The band consists of Will Toledo (vocals, guitar, piano, synthesizers), Ethan Ives (guitar, bass, backing vocals), Seth Dalby (bass), and Andrew Katz (drums, percussion, backing vocals).

Beginning as a solo recording project by Toledo in 2010, Car Seat Headrest self-released 12 projects on the music platform Bandcamp between 2010 and 2014 before signing to Matador Records in 2015. They began touring as a full band the following year, releasing 7 more albums as a group.
Erwin Anton Gutkind
Erwin Anton Gutkind (20 May 1886, Berlin – 7 August 1968, Philadelphia), was a German-Jewish architect and city planner, who left Berlin in 1935 for Paris, London and then Philadelphia, where he became a member of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania. Of his work in Germany, all but one building remains and as of 2013 most if not all have historical protection orders on them. Some of them have also been restored.

New Objectivity (architecture)
The New Objectivity (a translation of the German term Neue Sachlichkeit, sometimes also translated as New Sobriety) is a name often given to the Modern architecture that emerged in Europe, primarily German-speaking Europe, in the 1920s and 30s. It is also frequently called Neues Bauen (New Building). The New Objectivity remodeled many German cities in this period.
Satto
Satto (察度, Okinawan:Sattu) (1321 – November 17, 1395) was King of Chūzan. He is the first ruler of Okinawa Island who was recorded by contemporary sources. His reign was marked by expansion and development of Chūzan's trade relations with other states, and the beginning of Okinawa's tributary relations with Ming dynasty China, a relationship that continued for roughly five hundred years, almost until the fall of the Qing dynasty.

Chūzan
Chūzan (中山, Okinawan:Chūzan) was one of three kingdoms which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century. Okinawa, previously controlled by a number of local chieftains or lords, loosely bound by a paramount chieftain or king of the entire island, split into these three more solidly defined kingdoms within a few years after 1314; the Sanzan period thus began, and would end roughly one hundred years later, when Chūzan's King Shō Hashi conquered Hokuzan in 1419 and Nanzan in 1429.

The united Okinawan state was called the Ryūkyū Kingdom, but would continue to be referred to as "Chūzan" in various official documents of the Ryukyuan royal government, and those of many other states in the region.
Middlefield, New York
Middlefield is a town in Otsego County, New York, United States. The population was 2,114 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Middlefield is in the northeastern part of the county. It is the largest town by area in the county.

Otsego County, New York
Otsego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,524. The county seat is Cooperstown. The county's population center is Oneonta. The name Otsego is from a Mohawk or Oneida word meaning "place of the rock." The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
Harmony (John Conlee album)
Harmony is a studio album by American country music artist John Conlee, released in 1986 via Columbia Records. The album includes the singles "Harmony", "Got My Heart Set on You" and "The Carpenter". Harmony stayed on the country charts for more than a year.

John Conlee
John Wayne Conlee (born August 11, 1946) is an American country music singer.

Between 1978 and 2004, Conlee charted a total of 32 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, and recorded 11 studio albums. His singles include seven number-one hits: "Lady Lay Down", "Backside of Thirty", "Common Man", "I'm Only in It for the Love", "In My Eyes", "As Long as I'm Rockin' with You", and "Got My Heart Set on You". In addition to these, Conlee had 14 other songs reach the top 10.

Conlee has been a member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1981.
Music for a Big Night Out
Music for a Big Night Out is the sixteenth studio album by German hard dance band Scooter.  The album was released on 2 November 2012, preceded by the first single "4 AM" on 7 September 2012. The second single "Army of Hardcore" was released on the same day as the album. It is the last studio album featuring Rick J. Jordan, who left in 2014 after being with the band since the beginning in 1993.

4 AM (Scooter song)
"4 AM" is a single by German electronic dance band Scooter. It was released on 7 September 2012 as the lead single from their sixteenth studio album Music for a Big Night Out. The song samples the 1991 single "Promise Me" by Beverley Craven and "Million Voices" by Otto Knows. Vocals credited to Jaye Marshall. It has gained much success in Russia, becoming their first top 10 hit-single since "Shake That!".
John Keigwin
John Keigwin (1641–1716) was a Cornish antiquary, born at Mousehole, Cornwall. He was a leading member of a group of antiquaries in west Penwith: this group also included John and Thomas Boson, William Gwavas, Thomas Tonkin, William Borlase, Oliver Pender, and James Jenkins of Alverton. His teacher was John Boson. In addition to Cornish and English, Keigwin had a command of the French, Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages.

James Jenkins (Cornish scholar)
James Jenkins (died 1710) was a Cornish scholar who left some verses giving moral advice on child raising and marriage in the Cornish language. 
In his day he was considered a learned scholar of the Cornish language. Little of his work has survived.
1906 Aberdare Urban District Council election
The Aberdare Urban District Council was established in 1894 and covered the parish of Aberdare. Its responsibilities included public health, sanitation, roads and public works generally.

There were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward).  At this time, one member was elected from each ward on an annual basis.

An election was held in April 1906. It was preceded by the 1905 election and followed by the 1907 election. The term of office of members elected at the 1903 election came to an end and those elected were to serve until 1909.

Three of the five wards were contested, with Labour candidates returned unopposed at Aberaman and Blaengwawr. The election was not said to have been fought on political lines with a backlash against retiring members.

(*) denotes sitting member

Llwydcoed (electoral ward)
The community of Llwydcoed, Rhondda Cynon Taf was, for much of the twentieth century, and electoral ward for the purposes of electing members to Glamorgan County Council and the Aberdare Urban District Council. Llwydcoed is no longer an electoral ward but forms part of Aberdare West/Llwydcoed electoral ward for the purposes of Rhondda Cynon Taf unitary authority elections

Llwydcoed first became an electoral ward in the late nineteenth century with the formation of Glamorgan County Council. Llwydcoed was also an electoral ward of the Aberdare Urban District Council from its formation in 1894.
Ann Wilson
Ann Dustin Wilson (born June 19, 1950) is an American singer best known as the lead singer of the rock band Heart.

Wilson has been a member of Heart since the early 1970s; her younger sister, Nancy Wilson, is also a member of the band. One of the first hard rock bands fronted by women, Heart released numerous albums between 1975 and 2016; the early Heart albums Dreamboat Annie (1975) and Little Queen (1977) generated classic hard rock singles such as "Magic Man", "Crazy on You", and "Barracuda". Heart has sold over 35 million records worldwide, placed 29 singles on the Billboard Hot 100, and has scored top 10 albums on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2010s.

Wilson was ranked no. 78 in Hit Parader's 2006 list of "Greatest rock Vocalists of All Time". In 2013, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Heart. She is known for her operatic abilities.

Barracuda (song)
"Barracuda" is a song by American rock band Heart, released in 1977 on their third studio album, Little Queen, and was released as the album's lead single. The song peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Barracuda" was named the 34th-best hard rock song of all time by VH1 in 2009.

The song was included on the compilation albums Greatest Hits/Live (1980), These Dreams: Greatest Hits (1997), Greatest Hits (1998), The Essential Heart (2002), Love Alive (2005), Playlist: The Very Best of Heart (2008) and Strange Euphoria (2012), and on the live albums Rock the House Live! (1991), The Road Home (1995), Alive in Seattle (2003) and Live in Atlantic City (2019).
LaLola (Philippine TV series)
LaLola is a Philippine television drama fantasy comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is based on a 2007 Argentine television series of the same title. Directed by Dominic Zapata and Jun Lana, it stars Rhian Ramos and JC de Vera. It premiered on October 13, 2008 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on February 6, 2009 with a total of 85 episodes.

Rhian Ramos
Rhian Denise Ramos Howell (Tagalog: [ˈɾijɐn ˈɾamos]; born October 3, 1990) is a Filipino actress, model, singer, host and race car driver. She starred in the drama fantasy series Encantadia Chronicles: Sanggre as the main antagonist Kera Mitena.