hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Komi Sje
Komi Sje (Ԍ ԍ; italics: Ԍ ԍ) is a letter of the Molodtsov alphabet, a version of the Cyrillic alphabet that was used to write the Komi language in the 1920s. It represented the voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant /ɕ/, somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨sh⟩ in "sheep".

Although it looks like the Latin letter G (G g G g), it is unrelated and is more related to the Cyrillic letter Es.

Komi alphabets
The Komi language, a Uralic language spoken in the north-eastern part of European Russia, has been written in several different alphabets. Currently, Komi writing uses letters from the Cyrillic script. There have been five distinct stages in the history of Komi writing:

14th to 17th centuries — Anbur, the original graphic system;

18th century to 1918 — based on the early Cyrillic alphabet;

1918 to 1932 and 1936 to 1938 — Vasily Molodtsov's alphabet based on the modified Cyrillic alphabet;

1932 to 1936 — Latinization of the alphabet;

since 1938 — modern script based on the Cyrillic alphabet.

The Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak sub-languages have used the same writing throughout almost all of their written history (except for the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries).
Altamira, Dominican Republic
Altamira is a town in the Puerto Plata Province of the Dominican Republic.

The town's name is the subject of at least two different origin traditions. One asserts that when Christopher Columbus first arrived in the area, he took note of the height of the mountains and exclaimed: "Look at the heights." Another reports that the name is based on the geographical resemblance of the region to Spain's Altamira Caves.

On October 29, 1889, President Ulises Heureaux declared the town a municipality. To this day, October 29 is celebrated in Altamira with municipal festivities.

Puerto Plata Province
Puerto Plata (Spanish pronunciation: [pweɾtoˈplata], Silver Port); (French: Port-de-Plate) is a province in northern Dominican Republic. It is divided into 9 municipalities, 12 municipal districts and its capital is the resort city of the same name. Neighboring provinces clockwise: Monte Cristi to the southwest, Valverde and Santiago to the south and Espailat to the east, along with the Septentrional mountain range to the north (which separates it from Laguna Salada), and has a coastline with the Atlantic Ocean. The area has become an increasingly popular tourist attraction since the late 1990s mainly due to its fine beaches.

Created from the Santiago Province in 1867 as a "maritime district", it became a province in 1907, when maritime districts were suppressed by a new Dominican constitution.
Abraham Mazel
Abraham Mazel (5 September 1677 – 17 October 1710), was a  French Huguenot from the Cévennes region and Camisard revolutionary, known for leading the insurrection that led to the War of the Camisards (1702-1704).

War of the Camisards
The War of the Camisards (French: guerre des Camisards) or the Cévennes War (French: guerre des Cévennes) was an uprising of Protestant peasants known as Camisards in the Cévennes and Languedoc during the reign of Louis XIV. The uprising was a response to the Edict of Fontainebleau in 1685.
Peeling theorem
In general relativity, the peeling theorem describes the asymptotic behavior of the Weyl tensor as one goes to null infinity. Let  be a null geodesic in a spacetime  from a point p to null infinity, with affine parameter . Then the theorem states that, as  tends to infinity:

where  is the Weyl tensor, and abstract index notation is used. Moreover, in the Petrov classification,  is type N,  is type III,  is type II (or II-II) and  is type I.

Petrov classification
In differential geometry and theoretical physics, the Petrov classification (also known as Petrov–Pirani–Penrose classification) describes the possible algebraic symmetries of the Weyl tensor at each event in a Lorentzian manifold.

It is most often applied in studying exact solutions of Einstein's field equations, but strictly speaking the classification is a theorem in pure mathematics applying to any Lorentzian manifold, independent of any physical interpretation. The classification was found in 1954 by A. Z. Petrov and independently by Felix Pirani in 1957.
Super-Turtle
Super-Turtle (or Super Turtle) is a fictional character from DC Comics, created by Henry Boltinoff; he is depicted as a bipedal anthropomorphic turtle wearing a cape like Superman's. His emblem, which is on his cape, is a letter T in a shield.

Ambush Bug: Year None
Ambush Bug: Year None is a six-issue comic book limited series written by Keith Giffen and Robert Loren Fleming, and illustrated by Giffen and Al Milgrom. The first issue, "Hey, You Sank My Battle-Ax!", was published on July 23, 2008. DC Comics announced that instead of releasing a sixth issue, the series would skip issue #6 and conclude with issue #7. Ambush Bug: Year None #7 was released on October 28, 2009.
Herbert Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor
Herbert Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor (1 May 1707 – 25 January 1758), styled The Honourable Herbert Windsor until 1738, was a British landowner and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1734 until 1738 when he succeeded to the peerage as Baron Mountjoy and Viscount Windsor.

Francis Ingram-Seymour-Conway, 2nd Marquess of Hertford
Francis Ingram-Seymour-Conway, 2nd Marquess of Hertford (12 February 1743 – 17 June 1822), styled The Honourable Francis Seymour-Conway until 1750, Viscount Beauchamp between 1750 and 1793, and Earl of Yarmouth between 1793 and 1794, was a British politician. He held seats in the Irish House of Commons from 1761 to 1776 and in the British House of Commons from 1766 to 1794. He served as Chief Secretary for Ireland under his father. He subsequently held positions in the Royal Household, including serving as Lord Chamberlain between 1812 and 1822.
Bova Marina
Bova Marina (Calabrian Greek: Γιαλός του Βούα, Jalò tu Vunà; Calabrian: A Marìna) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the region of Calabria in Italy, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Reggio Calabria. It has 3,979 inhabitants.

Bova Marina borders the following municipalities: Bova, Condofuri, Palizzi.

As evidenced by the above Greek place names, Bova Marina is one of the places where the Greek–Calabrian dialect is still spoken, a remnant of the ancient Greek colonization of Magna Graecia (South Italy and Sicily).

Languages of Calabria
The primary languages of Calabria are the Italian language as well as regional varieties of Extreme Southern Italian and Neapolitan languages, all collectively known as Calabrian (Italian: calabrese). In addition, there are speakers of the Arbëresh variety of Albanian, as well as Calabrian Greek speakers and pockets of Occitan.
Valery Solovei
Valery Dmitriyevich Solovei (born 19 August 1960) is a Russian historian, political scientist and conspiracy theorist, who served as the professor and head of the Public Relations Department at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO). He resigned from the MGIMO on June 19, 2019.

On 27 October 2023 Solovei announced that Putin had died on Thursday, October 26, from complications of cancer. According to Solovei, the Putin we see now is actually his body double who has been replacing Putin during last several months on some meetings.

Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death
Speculations regarding the health of Vladimir Putin have been a regular occurrence since his rise to power as President of Russia. They include theories about severe and potentially terminal medical issues. This is largely speculation and cannot be accredited for authenticity.
Catley Priory
Catley Priory was a monastic house in Walcott, Lincolnshire, England.

The Gilbertine priory of Saint Mary, Catley, was founded as a double house for nuns and monks between 1154 and 1158 by Peter of Billinghay.  He endowed it with the whole of the then island of Catley, the site of a grange and some arable land in Walcott, the church at Billinghay and the chapel at Walcott, pasture for four hundred sheep and right of fishing on Walcott marsh. The number of inmates was limited to sixty nuns and lay-sisters, and thirty-five canons and lay-brothers.

Always amongst the poorest of the Gilbertine houses, the priory was in serious financial trouble by 1338, and King Edward III excused them from payment of tax. Only seven years later the same event occurred.

The house was surrendered on 25 September 1538 by William Swift, the last Prior, and two of his canons. The site was eventually acquired by Robert Carr (sometimes Carre) of Sleaford. The site is an ancient scheduled monument.

Walcott, Lincolnshire
Walcott is a small village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 566. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) north from Billinghay and 7 miles (11 km) north-east from the town of Sleaford.
Groenendaal Park
Groenendaal park lies at the center of Heemstede, Netherlands. 
The park includes the grounds of old Heemstede country estates Bosbeek, and Meer en Berg. Along its western borders are the old Heemstede country estates Hartekamp, Huis te Manpad, and Iepenrode. On the eastern boundary is the city cemetery.

Heemstede
Heemstede (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦeːmsteːdə] ⓘ) is a town and a municipality in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. In 2021, it had a population of 27,545. Located just south of the city of Haarlem on the border with South Holland, it is one of the richest municipalities of the Netherlands.
Iron-starvation-induced protein A
Iron-starvation-induced protein A, also known as isiA, is a photosynthesis-related chlorophyll-containing protein found in cyanobacteria.  It belongs to the chlorophyll-a/b-binding family of proteins, and has been shown to have a photoprotection role in preventing oxidative damage via energy dissipation.  It was originally identified under Fe starvation, and thus received the name iron-starvation-induced protein A.  However, the protein has more recently been found to respond to a variety of stress conditions such as high irradiance.  It can aggregate with carotenoids and form rings around the PSI reaction center complexes to aid in photoprotective energy dissipation.

Photoprotection
Photoprotection is the biochemical process that helps organisms cope with molecular damage caused by sunlight.  Plants and other oxygenic phototrophs have developed a suite of photoprotective mechanisms to prevent photoinhibition and oxidative stress caused by excess or fluctuating light conditions.  Humans and other animals have also developed photoprotective mechanisms to avoid UV photodamage to the skin, prevent DNA damage, and minimize the downstream effects of oxidative stress.
South Dakota Senate
The South Dakota Senate is the upper house of the South Dakota Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The lower house is the South Dakota House of Representatives. It consists of 35 members, one representing each legislative district, who can serve up to four consecutive two-year terms. It meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.

South Dakota State Capitol
The South Dakota State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of South Dakota. Housing the South Dakota State Legislature, it is located in the state capital of Pierre at 500 East Capitol Avenue. The building houses the offices of most state officials, including the Governor of South Dakota.
New Holstein Municipal Airport
New Holstein Municipal Airport (FAA LID: 8D1) is a city-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) west of the central business district of New Holstein, a city in Calumet County, Wisconsin, United States. The airport is located on the west edge of the city on County Highway H. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2025–2029, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.

Calumet County, Wisconsin
Calumet County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,442. The county seat is Chilton. The county was created in 1836 (then in the Wisconsin Territory) and organized in 1850.

Calumet County is included in the Appleton, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Combined Statistical Area.

The Holyland is partially located in southern Calumet County.
Taunton Rural District
Taunton was a rural district in Somerset, England, from 1894 to 1974.

It was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894.

In 1974 it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 when it became part of Taunton Deane district.

The parishes which were in the rural district included Ash Priors, Bickenhall, Bishop's Hull, Bishops Lydeard, Burrowbridge, Cheddon Fitzpaine, Churchstanton, Combe Florey, Comeytrowe, Corfe, Cothelstone, Creech St Michael, Curland, Durston, Halse, Hatch Beauchamp, Kingston St Mary, Lydeard St Lawrence, North Curry, Norton Fitzwarren, Orchard Portman, Otterford, Pitminster, Ruishton, Staple Fitzpaine, Staplegrove, Stoke St Gregory, Stoke St Mary, Thornfalcon, Tolland, Somerset, Trull, West Bagborough, West Hatch and West Monkton.

Curland
Curland is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Taunton. The village has a population of 225. The parish includes the hamlet of Abbey Hill.

Curland is home of a thriving equestrian centre.
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination system, in which the Y is used for sex-determining as the presence of the Y chromosome typically causes offspring produced in sexual reproduction to develop phenotypically male. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which usually triggers the differentiation of male gonads. The Y chromosome is typically only passed from male parents to male offspring.

Muller's ratchet
In evolutionary genetics, Muller's ratchet (named after American geneticist Hermann Joseph Muller, by analogy with a ratchet effect) is a process which, in the absence of recombination (especially in an asexual population), results in an accumulation of irreversible deleterious mutations. That happens because in the absence of recombination, and assuming reverse mutations are rare, offspring bear at least as much mutational load as their parents.

Muller proposed the mechanism as one reason why sexual reproduction may be favored over asexual reproduction, as sexual organisms benefit from recombination and consequent elimination of deleterious mutations. The negative effect of accumulating irreversible deleterious mutations may not be prevalent in organisms which, while they reproduce asexually, also undergo other forms of recombination. This effect has also been observed in those regions of the genomes of sexual organisms that do not undergo recombination.
Woodpecker Detective's Office
Woodpecker Detective's Office (啄木鳥探偵處, Kitsutsuki Tantei-dokoro) is a 1999 Japanese mystery novel written by Kei Ii. An anime television series adaptation by Liden Films aired between April and June 2020.

Takuboku Ishikawa
Takuboku Ishikawa (石川 啄木, Ishikawa Takuboku; Japanese pronunciation: [i.ɕi̥.ka.wa (|) ta.kɯ.bo.kɯ], February 20, 1886 – April 13, 1912) was a Japanese poet. Well known as both a tanka and "modern-style" (新体詩, shintaishi) or "free-style" (自由詩, jiyūshi) poet, he began as a member of the Myōjō group of naturalist poets but later joined the "socialistic" group of Japanese poets and renounced naturalism. He died of tuberculosis.
Zalbki
Zalbki [ˈzalpki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Dywity and 5 km (3 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Dywity
Gmina Dywity is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Dywity, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 160.68 square kilometres (62.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,148.
Czech hip-hop
Hip-hop subculture emerged in the Czech Republic after the Velvet Revolution in 1989. Since then, various groups, clubs, and festivals have appeared across the country. Notable hip-hop artists include Chaozz, Gipsy.cz, Naše Věc, Prago Union, Řezník, and DJ Wich.

DJ Wich
Tomáš Pechlák (born June 9, 1978 in Czechoslovakia), professionally known as DJ Wich, is a Czech deejay, record producer and audio engineer, who works on the Czech and Slovak hip hop scenes. He is a former member of Czech hip hop duo Indy & Wich together with Andreas "Indy" Christodoulou. He started DJing in 1998.
Muturi
Muturi is a village (kampung) in Bintuni Bay Regency, West Papua, Indonesia. It is located on the southeastern coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula. The Muturi River flows through the vicinity.

There are significant oil reserves in the area and Muturi is subject to drilling from ARCO and BG. There is a deep-water oil terminal at Muturi, roughly three miles from the entrance to the Muturi River. It has a 18.3 metres (60 ft) long T-shaped pier which can serve vessels up to 30,000 tonnes. In 2017 a Missile Detachment was established at Muturi with the objective of protecting state assets to conduct oil and gas mining operations in the area.

Despite the existence of oil reserves, access to clean water has long been a problem in Muturi. Attempts to build wells in the area were a failure. In 2017 the 98th Manunggal Army launched a community plan to build a small water reservoir, planted underground, which can be used by the local church and school.

Bintuni Bay Regency
Teluk Bintuni Regency or Bintuni Bay Regency is a regency of West Papua Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 18,637 km2, comprising administrative districts on three sides of Bintuni Bay, a gulf that separates the Bird's Head Peninsula and Bomberai Peninsula which together form the main geographical constituents of the province; it had a population of 52,422 at the 2010 Census and 87,083 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 91,064 (comprising 52,480 males and 38,584 females). The administrative centre is the town of Bintuni.
German Beauty Homer
The German Beauty Homer is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding, from German racing pigeons. German Beauty Homers along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons are all descendants of the rock dove (Columba livia). The breed was first developed around one hundred years ago.

Fancy pigeon
Fancy pigeon refers to any breed of domestic pigeon, which is a domesticated form of the wild rock dove (Columba livia). They are bred by pigeon fanciers for various traits relating to size, shape, color, and behavior, and often exhibited at pigeon shows, fairs and other livestock exhibits.

There are about 800 pigeon breeds; considering all regional varieties all over the world there may be 1100 breeds. The European list of fancy pigeons alone names about 500 breeds. No other domestic animal has branched out into such a variety of forms and colours.

Charles Darwin is known to have crossbred fancy pigeons, particularly the ice pigeon, to study variation within species, this work coming three years before his publication, On the Origin of Species.
New Las Vegas Stadium
New Las Vegas Stadium is the project name of an indoor ballpark under construction on the site of the former Tropicana Las Vegas on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, U.S. It is to be the home venue of the Las Vegas Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB) upon their move to the city in 2028. The stadium is projected to cost $2 billion, up from initial estimates of $1.5 billion, including $380 million from taxpayers. The Athletics franchise has not played in a new stadium of their own without another sports team tenant since the 1909 completion of Shibe Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Las Vegas Strip
The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long, and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as "Las Vegas".

Many of the largest hotel casino and resort properties in the world are on the Strip. Its hotels, casinos, restaurants, residential high-rises, entertainment offerings, and skyline have established the Strip as one of the most popular and iconic tourist destinations in the world and is one of the driving forces for Las Vegas's economy. Most of the Strip has been designated as an All-American Road, and the North and South Las Vegas Strip routes are classified as Nevada Scenic Byways and National Scenic Byways.
Ashburnham, East Sussex
Ashburnham is a civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England, situated to the west of Battle. It includes the settlements of Brownbread Street and Ponts Green; Ashburnham Forge is also within the parish. Ashburnham shares a parish council with the neighbouring parish of Penhurst.

Ashburnham takes its name from Ashburnham Place, now a Christian conference and prayer centre, which in turn comes from the fact that the local stream is the Ashbourne. The 14th century parish church, dedicated to St Peter, was rebuilt in 1665. The village was in the iron making district of the Weald, and its blast furnace was the last in Sussex to be closed in 1813.

Ashburnham and neighbouring Penhurst, neither of which have many dwellings, were united in 1810.

The parish has a population of 303 (2001 census).

Ashburnham Place
Ashburnham Place is an English country house, now used as a Christian conference and prayer centre, five miles west of Battle, East Sussex. It was one of the finest houses in the southeast of England in its heyday, but much of the structure was demolished in 1959, and only a drastically reduced part of the building now remains standing.
Albin Tahiri
Albin Tahiri (born 15 February 1989) is a Kosovo Albanian World Cup alpine ski racer. He represented the Kosovo Olympic Committee for the first time in Winter Olympic Games in February 2018. Tahiri is a dentist by profession and he trained in Slovenia, Austria and Italy.

Olympic Committee of Kosovo
The Olympic Committee of Kosovo (Albanian: Komiteti Olimpik i Kosovës, KOK; Serbian: Олимпијски комитет Косова, Olimpijski komitet Kosova, OKK; IOC Code: KOS) is the National Olympic Committee representing Kosovo. Officially established in 1992, the OCK became a full member of the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Movement on 9 December 2014. It is responsible for Kosovo's participation at the Olympic Games.
Mrówczy Zamek
Mrówczy Zamek [ˈmruft͡ʂɨ ˈzamɛk] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Szemud, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Szemud
Gmina Szemud (Kashubian: Gmina Szëmôłd) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Szemud, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Wejherowo and 30 km (19 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 176.57 square kilometres (68.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,757.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Tricity Landscape Park.