hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivan Schmalhausen
Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen (Russian: Ива́н Ива́нович Шмальга́узен; 23 April 1884 – 7 October 1963) was a Russian and Soviet zoologist and evolutionary biologist of German descent. He developed the theory of stabilizing selection, and took part in the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis.

He is remembered, among other things, for Schmalhausen's law, which states that a population at its limit of tolerance in one aspect is vulnerable to small differences in any other aspect.

Stabilizing selection
Stabilizing selection (not to be confused with negative or purifying selection) is a type of natural selection in which the population mean stabilizes on a particular non-extreme trait value. This is thought to be the most common mechanism of action for natural selection because most traits do not appear to change drastically over time. Stabilizing selection commonly uses negative selection (a.k.a. purifying selection) to select against extreme values of the character.  Stabilizing selection is the opposite of disruptive selection. Instead of favoring individuals with extreme phenotypes, it favors the intermediate variants. Stabilizing selection tends to remove the more severe phenotypes, resulting in the reproductive success of the norm or average phenotypes. This means that most common phenotype in the population is selected for and continues to dominate in future generations.
Daedalion
In Greek mythology, Daedalion or Daidalion (Ancient Greek: Δαιδαλίων, romanized: Daidalíon) was a son of Hesperos, the god of the Evening Star or Phosphorus, god of the Morning Star and the brother of Ceyx. Ceyx describes his brother Daedalion as a great warrior, full of courage and vigour but acknowledged that he could also be harsh, relishing the cruelty of war. The story of Daedalion's life is told mainly in Ovid's Metamorphoses though passing references can be found in other classical works. It is possible the story may have originated with Boios. In the tale Daedalion, grief-stricken following the death of his daughter Chione, attempts to cast himself off Mount Parnassus only to be transformed into a hawk by Apollo.

Phosphorus (morning star)
Phosphorus (Ancient Greek: Φωσφόρος, romanized: Phōsphoros) is the god of the planet Venus in its appearance as the Morning Star. Another Greek name for the Morning Star is "Eosphorus" (Ancient Greek: Ἑωσφόρος, romanized: Heōsphoros), which means "dawn-bringer". The term "eosphorus" is sometimes met in English. As an adjective, the word "phosphorus" is applied in the sense of "light-bringing" (for instance, the dawn, the god Dionysus, pine torches and the day) and "torch-bearing" as an epithet of several gods and goddesses, especially of Hecate but also of Artemis/Diana and Hephaestus. Seasonally, Venus is the "light bringer" in the northern hemisphere, appearing most brightly in December (an optical illusion due to shorter days), signalling the "rebirth" of longer days as winter wanes.
Ardyaloon, Western Australia
Ardyaloon or One Arm Point, also known as Bardi, is an Aboriginal Australian community town on the Dampier Peninsula, in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is located 2,446 kilometres (1,520 mi) north of Perth and the closest populated town is Derby. At the 2016 census, Bardi had a population of 365.

The Bardi Ardyaloon hatchery has successfully produced trochus shell at One Arm Point for a number of years, including reseeding the reef surrounding the area.

The area is home to the Bardi people.

According to the local Indigenous people, the name One Arm Point originated from the tale of an unfortunate pearler who had an accident with dynamite while attempting to catch fish using explosives in the bay.

Dampier Peninsula
The Dampier Peninsula is a peninsula located north of Broome and Roebuck Bay in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, named after the mariner and explorer William Dampier who visited it. It is surrounded by the Indian Ocean to the west and north, and King Sound to the east. The northernmost part of the peninsula is Cape Leveque. It is sparsely inhabited, mostly by Indigenous Australian peoples, some of whom have been granted native title rights to some of their traditional lands. There are many coastal inlets, bays, and other features, including Beagle Bay on its western side.
Paran, Israel
Paran (Hebrew: פארן) is a moshav in southern Israel. Located  in the Arava valley around 100 km north of Eilat, it falls under the jurisdiction of Central Arava Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,013.

Arabah
The Arabah/Araba (Arabic: وادي عربة, romanized: Wādī ʿAraba) or Aravah/Arava (Hebrew: הָעֲרָבָה, romanized: hāʿĂrāḇā, lit. 'dry area') is a loosely defined geographic area located south of the Dead Sea drainage basin and north of the Gulf of Aqaba in southeastern Israel and southwestern Jordan.

The old meaning, which was in use up to around the early 20th century, covered almost the entire length of what today is called the Jordan Rift Valley, running in a north–south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee and the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba of the Red Sea at Aqaba–Eilat. This included the Jordan Rift Valley between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, the Dead Sea itself, and what today is commonly called the Arava Valley. The contemporary use of the term is restricted to this southern section alone.
Jakob Streit
Jakob Streit (23 September 1910 in Spiez, Switzerland – 15 May 2009 in Spiez) was a Swiss writer, teacher and anthroposophist. Besides this, he worked as musician and choirmaster as well as conductor and dramaturg.

Spiez
Spiez (German pronunciation: ['ʃpiət͡s]) is a town and municipality on the shore of Lake Thun in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss canton of Bern. It is part of the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district. Besides the town of Spiez, the municipality also includes the settlements of Einigen, Hondrich, Faulensee, and Spiezwiler.

The official language of Spiez is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme
Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, also Base Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, or shortly Bernardo O'Higgins, named after Bernardo O'Higgins, is a permanently staffed Chilean research station in Antarctica and the capital of Antártica Commune. It lies at an elevation of 13 m, about 30 km south-west of Prime Head, the northernmost point of the Antarctic Peninsula, at Cape Legoupil.

Bernardo O'Higgins
Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (Spanish pronunciation: [beɾˈnaɾðo oˈ(x)iɣins] ⓘ; 20 August 1778 – 24 October 1842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. He was a wealthy landowner of Basque-Spanish and Irish ancestry. Although he was the second Supreme Director of Chile (1817–1823), he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers, as he was the first holder of this title to head a fully independent Chilean state.

He was Captain General of the Chilean Army, Brigadier of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, General Officer of Gran Colombia, and Grand Marshal of Peru.
Brendan Cole
Brendan Cole (born 23 April 1976) is a New Zealand ballroom dancer, specialising in Latin American dancing. He is most famous for appearing as a professional dancer on the BBC One show, Strictly Come Dancing from 2004 to 2017. From 2005 to 2009, he was a judge on the New Zealand version of the show, Dancing with the Stars.

Kirsty Gallacher
Kirsty Jane Gallacher (born 20 January 1976) is a British television presenter and model. She began her career at Sky Sports News in 1998 and hosted Kirsty's Home Videos, RI:SE and Simply the Best before returning to Sky Sports News from 2011–2018. From June 2021 until December 2021, Gallacher co-presented The Great British Breakfast on the news channel GB News.
Juozas Paukštelis
Juozas Paukštelis born Juozas Ptašinskas (March 2, 1899, Titoniai, Kovno Governorate – July 20, 1981) was a Lithuanian author and translator. His works have been translated into Russian, Polish, and Kazakh.

After receiving a degree from Kaunas University in theology and philosophy, he spent much of his life in the city of Kėdainiai, where he hosted literary gatherings. His house there is now a museum.

In 1985, the Juozas Paukštelis Award was established to honor the books that best describe rural life and its moral and social complexities.

Kėdainiai
Kėdainiai (Lithuanian: [kʲeːˈdâːɪ.nʲɛɪ̯ˑ] ⓘ) is a city in Lithuania. It is located on the banks of the Nevėžis river 45 km (28 mi) north of  Kaunas, Lithuania's second largest city. One of the oldest settlements in the country, Kėdainiai was first mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, and became a city in 1590. Its population as of 2022 was 23,051. The Kėdainiai Old Town dates to the 17th century and many of its historical buildings were preserved.

The town is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of Lithuania is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai in the eldership of Dotnuva.

Other smaller villages circle the territory in a distance of five miles or a little further from the St. George's Church of Kėdainiai — Lančiūnava, Kapliai, Labūnava, Josvainiai, Dotnuva, and Kalnaberžė.
Det rår vi inte för
"Det rår vi inte för" is a song by Swedish rapper, songwriter and actor of Iranian origin Behrang Miri featuring the vocals of Victor Crone. The song is taking part in Melodifestivalen 2015 and qualified to Andra Chansen (Second Chance) round through the first semi-final on 7 February 2015. where it was put in a duel with Samir & Viktor song "Groupie", but failed to move on to the finals of the competition.

Victor Crone
Victor Fritz-Crone (born 31 January 1992), also known as Victor Crone, or Vic Heart  is a Swedish singer, guitarist and songwriter. He represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv with the song "Storm".
Burt Henry Covered Bridge
The Burt Henry Covered Bridge, also known as the Henry Covered Bridge or just the Henry Bridge, is a covered bridge that spans the Walloomsac River near Bennington, Vermont.  A Town lattice truss bridge, it carries River Road, just south of the village of North Bennington.  Originally built about 1840, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as Bennington County's oldest covered bridge.  It was rebuilt in 1989 by the Vermont Agency of Transportation.

Walloomsac River
The Walloomsac River (/ˈwɑːluːmsæk, ˈwælʊmsɪk/) from the Native American name, Wal-loom-sac is a 16.8-mile-long (27.0 km) tributary of the Hoosic River in the northeastern United States. It rises in southwestern Vermont, in the Green Mountains east of the town of Bennington in Woodford Hollow at the confluence of Bolles Brook and City Stream where it is labeled Walloomsac Brook on maps but is locally known as "The Roaring Branch".  The river then flows west toward Bennington and passes the downtown area to the north.  For many years this section was intermittent due to the water having been diverted to power mills in town (ca. 1810).  This divergence gave the name Walloomsac to a portion of the river flowing through town on the present course of South Stream.  The combined Walloomsac / South Stream joins the Roaring Branch northwest of town.  From here the river flows westward as the Walloomsac River and joins the Hoosic River below Hoosick Falls, New York.
2007–08 Regionalliga
The 2007–08 Regionalliga season was the 14th season of the Regionalliga at tier three of the German football league system. It was contested in two geographical divisions with eighteen teams in the south and nineteen in the north. The champions, Rot Weiss Ahlen and FSV Frankfurt, and the runners-up, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen and FC Ingolstadt 04, of every division were promoted to the 2. Bundesliga.

With the introduction of the 3. Liga for the 2008–09 season, 2007–08 was the final season of the Regionalliga as the third tier of German football. Qualification for the new league was determined through this 2007–08 season's 2. Bundesliga and the Regionalliga. Because of the introduction of the 3. Liga above and a third regional division of the Regionalliga, the Regionalliga West, only one club was relegated from the league after declaring insolvency.

3. Liga
The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.

The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
Marine Wing Support Squadron 473
Marine Wing Support Squadron 473 (MWSS-473) is a reserve aviation ground support unit of the United States Marine Corps. They are headquartered at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California with Detachment A at Naval Air Station Lemoore, California and Detachment B at Naval Air Station Fort Worth, Texas. The squadron is part of Marine Aircraft Group 41 and the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.

Marine Aircraft Group 41
Marine Aircraft Group 41 (MAG-41) is a United States Marine Corps reserve aviation unit based at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Texas that is currently composed of one F/A-18C squadron, one KC-130J squadron, one C-40 squadron, two Northrop F-5 aggressor squadron based at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma, Arizona and Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, one Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron at MCAS Camp Pendleton, one MV-22B squadron based at MCAS Miramar, one aviation logistics squadron and two wing support squadrons with multiple detachments throughout the United States.
KXLB
KXLB (100.7 FM, "XL Country 100.7") is a radio station licensed to serve Churchill, Montana. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and the broadcast license is held by Townsquare License, LLC.

All Townsquare Media Bozeman studios are located at 125 West Mendenhall Street, downtown Bozeman. KXLB, KMMS-FM, KZMY, and KISN all share a transmitter site on Green Mountain, east of Bozeman.

Churchill, Montana
Churchill is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The population was 1,030 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bozeman, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was formerly part of the Amsterdam-Churchill CDP.
1971 May Day protests against the Vietnam War
The 1971 May Day protests against the Vietnam War were a series of large-scale civil disobedience actions in Washington, D.C., protesting the United States' continuing involvement in the Vietnam War. The protests began on Monday morning, May 3 and ended on May 5. In all, more than 12,000 people were arrested, in what was the largest mass arrest in U.S. history.

Members of the Nixon administration would come to view the events as damaging because the government's response was perceived as violating citizens' civil rights.

Mass arrest
A mass arrest occurs when police apprehend large numbers of suspects at once. This sometimes occurs at protests. Some mass arrests are also used in an effort to combat gang activity. This is sometimes controversial, and lawsuits sometimes result. In police science, it is deemed to be good practice to plan for the identification of those arrested during mass arrests, since it is unlikely that the officers will remember everyone they arrested.
XEYTM-AM
XHSCMK-FM and XEYTM-AM (106.5 FM and 1490 AM, "Radio Teocelo") is a radio station in Teocelo, Veracruz, Mexico. Formerly known as XEYT-AM, the station is Mexico's oldest community radio station, a title it shares with XHFCE-FM in Huayacocotla.

1490 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1490 kHz: 1490 AM is a Regional (Class B) outside the coterminous 48 United States (Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico & U.S. Virgin Islands), and a Local (Class C) frequency within the contiguous 48 states.
Mpho Ndumo
Mpho Ndumo (born 15 January 1997) is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut for KwaZulu-Natal Inland in the 2017–18 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 1 February  2018. He made his List A debut on 15 March 2020, for KwaZulu-Natal Inland in the 2019–20 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge.

2019–20 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge
The 2019–20 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge was a domestic one-day cricket tournament that took place in South Africa from October to March 2020. The tournament was played in parallel with the 2019–20 CSA 3-Day Provincial Cup, a first-class competition which featured the same teams. On 16 March 2020, Cricket South Africa suspended all cricket in the country for 60 days due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 24 March 2020, Free State and Northern Cape were named as the joint-winners of the tournament, after finishing top of Groups A and B respectively. This was following the recommendations made by Graeme Smith, the acting Director of Cricket.

The competition was played between the thirteen South African provincial teams. In previous editions of the competition, Namibia had also competed, but they withdrew ahead of the start of the previous tournament, citing issues around costs and logistics. Easterns were the defending champions.
Bolshoye Shklo
Bolshoye Shklo (Russian: Большое Шкло), also known as Bolshoye Shklo-Ushkaly (Russian: Большое Шкло-Ушкалы), is a salt lake in Kulundinsky District, Altai Krai, Russian Federation.

The lake lies at the western end of the Krai. Konstantinovka is located by the southern lakeshore and Kulunda, the district capital, lies 9.5 kilometers (5.9 mi) to the southwest of the lake. Other inhabited places nearby are Zlatopol, 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) to the east, Mirabilit, 6.5 kilometers (4.0 mi) to the south, Myshkino, 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) to the southwest, and Smirnenkoye 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) to the southeast.

Konstantinovka, Kulundinsky District, Altai Krai
Konstantinovka (Russian: Константиновка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Konstantinovsky Selsoviet, Kulundinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 344 as of 2013. There are 4 streets.
Hayahoshi Station
Hayahoshi Station (速星駅, Hayahoshi-eki) is a railway station on the Takayama Main Line in city of Toyama, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is also a freight terminal for the Japan Freight Railway Company.

Toyama (city)
Toyama (富山市, Toyama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜ.ja.ma, to.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the Chūbu region on central Honshū, about 200 km (120 mi) north of the city of Nagoya and 300 km (190 mi) northwest of Tokyo. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 415,844 in 176,643 households, and a population density of 335 persons per km2. Its total area was 1,241.77 square kilometres (479.45 sq mi). The city has been designated an environmental model city by the national government for its efforts to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
Ford Edge
The Ford Edge is a crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by the Ford Motor Company introduced for the 2007 model year as the first mid-size CUV marketed by Ford in North America. Deriving its name from a trim package of the Ford Ranger, the Ford Edge is positioned between the Ford Escape and the Ford Explorer within the Ford product line.

Production of the North American Edge ended in April 2024, with the third generation Edge (dubbed the Edge L), launched in 2023, being produced and sold exclusively in China.

Sharing its underpinnings with the Ford Fusion sedan, Ford also marketed a rebadged variant as the Lincoln MKX (since 2019, the Lincoln Nautilus). The second generation is also marketed by Ford of Europe, positioned between the Kuga (Escape) and the Explorer PHEV.

Manufacturing of the first two generations took place at Oakville Assembly (Oakville, Ontario) alongside the Nautilus.

Oakville Assembly
The Oakville Assembly Complex is a Ford Motor Company of Canada automobile factory in Oakville, Ontario, spanning 487 acres. This landmark occupies the same site as, and combines, the former Ontario Truck plant and Oakville Assembly Plant. Clearly visible from the Queen Elizabeth Way and the Lakeshore West GO Train line, it relies on the nearby railway service to transport parts and vehicles throughout the country.
Corpse Marker
Corpse Marker is a BBC Books original novel written by Chris Boucher and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Fourth Doctor and Leela. The concepts and characters are derived from the 1977 television serial The Robots of Death and reused in the spinoff audio series Kaldor City. It is notable for acting as a crossover story, albeit a slight one, to Blake's 7, which Boucher script-edited, as the Psychostrategist Carnell (who appeared in the series two episode "Weapon" in 1979) plays a prominent role.

Chris Boucher (writer)
Christopher Franklin Boucher (15 February 1943 – 11 December 2022) was an English television screenwriter, script editor and novelist. He is known for his frequent contributions to two genres, science fiction and crime fiction, and worked on the series Doctor Who, Blake's 7, Shoestring, Bergerac, and The Bill. He also created the series Star Cops.
CXCL6
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2). As its former name suggests, CXCL6 is a chemoattractant for neutrophilic granulocytes. It elicits its chemotactic effects by interacting with the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2.  The gene for CXCL6 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster with other CXC chemokine genes.

CXC chemokine receptors
CXC chemokine receptors are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CXC chemokine family.  They represent one subfamily of chemokine receptors, a large family of G protein-linked receptors that are known as seven transmembrane (7-TM) proteins, since they span the cell membrane seven times. There are currently six known CXC chemokine receptors in mammals, named CXCR1 through CXCR6.
Singapore Medical Journal
The Singapore Medical Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed general medical journal. It was established in 1960 and is published by Medknow Publications on behalf of the Singapore Medical Association. The editor-in-chief is Poh Kian Keong. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.331.

Singapore Medical Association
The Singapore Medical Association (abbreviated SMA) is a non-governmental, not-for-profit professional association representing the medical professionals in Singapore. It was established on September 15, 1959, replacing the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association. As of March 2025, it had over 10,835 members. It publishes the monthly SMA Newsletter and peer-reviewed Singapore Medical Journal.
Paul & Paula
Paul & Paula, consisting of Raymond Glenn "Ray" Hildebrand (November 21, 1940 – August 18, 2023) and Jill Jackson (born May 20, 1942), were an American pop singing duo, best known for their 1962 million-selling, number-one hit record, "Hey Paula".

Hey Paula (song)
"Hey Paula" is an American love song recorded by the pop singing duo Paul & Paula in 1962. Released as a single, it hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in the week ending February 9, 1963, and also made it to number one on the Hot R&B Singles chart, and number one on Canada's CHUM Chart for three weeks. "Paul" was the song's writer, Ray Hildebrand, a student at Texas' Howard Payne University, a Baptist institution in the city of Brownwood. "Paula" was Jill Jackson, the niece of the owner of the boarding house where Hildebrand lived.