hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stanisław Ruziewicz
Stanisław Ruziewicz (29 August 1889 – 12 July 1941) was a Polish mathematician and one of the founders of the Lwów School of Mathematics.

He was a former student of Wacław Sierpiński, earning his doctorate in 1913 from the University of Lwów; his thesis concerned continuous functions that are not differentiable. He became a professor at the same university (then named Jan Kazimierz University) and rector of the Academy of Foreign Trade in Lwów. During the Second World War, Ruziewicz's home city of Lwów was annexed by the 
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, but then taken over by the General Government of German-occupied Poland in July 1941; Ruziewicz was arrested and murdered by the Gestapo on 12 July 1941 in Lwów, during the Massacre of Lwów professors.

The Ruziewicz problem, asking whether the Lebesgue measure on the sphere may be characterized by certain of its properties, is named after him.

Ruziewicz problem
In mathematics, the Ruziewicz problem (sometimes Banach–Ruziewicz problem) in measure theory asks whether the usual Lebesgue measure on the n-sphere is characterised, up to proportionality, by its properties of being finitely additive, invariant under rotations, and defined on all Lebesgue measurable sets.

This was answered affirmatively and independently for n ≥ 4 by Grigory Margulis and Dennis Sullivan around 1980, and for n = 2 and 3 by Vladimir Drinfeld (published 1984). It fails for the circle.

The problem is named after Stanisław Ruziewicz.
36 Gunn
36 Gunn is an Indian Marathi language film directed by Samit Kakkad. The film stars Santosh Juvekar, Vijay Patkar, Purva Pawar and Pushkar Shrotri. Music by Ajit Parab. The film was released on 4 November 2022.

Samit Kakkad
Samit Kakkad is an Indian filmmaker and director. He is best known for directing Aayna Ka Bayna (2012) which was selected for 18 International film festivals and Half Ticket (2017) which won the Ecumenical Jury Award at the 57th Zlin International Film Festival 2017.
Albert Augustus Pope
Albert Augustus Pope (May 20, 1843 – August 10, 1909) was an American businessman and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel in the Union Army. He was an importer, promoter and manufacturer of bicycles, and a manufacturer of automobiles.

Hiram Percy Maxim
Hiram Percy Maxim  (September 2, 1869 – February 17, 1936) was an American radio pioneer and inventor, and co-founder (with Clarence D. Tuska) of the American Radio Relay League (ARRL). Hiram Percy Maxim is credited with inventing and selling the first commercially successful firearm silencer, and also with developing mufflers for internal combustion engines.
Dick Oliver
Richard Vincent Oliver Jr. (April 11, 1939 – November 11, 2016) was an American print journalist, radio host and television reporter, best known for his tenure as a correspondent for Good Day New York from 1988 until 2001, broadcast on television station WNYW Fox 5.

Oliver was the first journalist to report on the September 11 attacks on live television.

WNYW
WNYW (channel 5) is a television station in New York City. It is the flagship station of the Fox television network, owned and operated through its Fox Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Secaucus, New Jersey–licensed MyNetworkTV flagship WWOR-TV (channel 9), the two stations share studios at the Fox Television Center on East 67th Street in Manhattan's Lenox Hill neighborhood; WNYW's transmitter is located at One World Trade Center.
Somewhere Inside (album)
Somewhere Inside is the debut studio album by Canadian country music artist Chris Cummings. It was released by Warner Music Canada on June 18, 1996. The album peaked at number 21 on the RPM Country Albums chart and was certified Gold by Music Canada in 1998.

An alternate version of the album, titled Chris Cummings, was released in the United States by Warner Bros. Nashville on February 24, 1998. This version replaces "Better Man Than I", "In Other Words" and "All Of The Above" from the original album with "'Til I See You Again", "The Kind of Heart That Breaks", and "A Minute and a Half".

"Little Sister’s Blue Jeans" was originally recorded by country music artist Doug Stone on his 1993 album More Love and "'Til I See You Again" was originally recorded by Kevin Welch on his 1990 self-titled debut album.

More Love (album)
More Love is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Doug Stone. Released in 1993 on Epic Records, it features the singles "I Never Knew Love," "Addicted to a Dollar," and "More Love," all of which were Top Ten hits on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts.
Belvidere Plantation House
Belvidere Plantation House, also known as the Merrick-Nixon House, is a historic plantation house located near Hampstead, Pender County, North Carolina, US. It was built about 1810 for slaveholder George Merrick, and was a 1+1⁄2-story, three-bay, gambrel-roofed dwelling with Georgian, Federal, and Greek Revival style design elements.  It was sheathed in weatherboard and has exterior end chimneys and a shed-roofed front porch.

Its dilapidated structure burned to the ground on December 31, 2006, or January 1, 2007.

Hampstead, North Carolina
Hampstead is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pender County, North Carolina, United States. It is located between Wilmington and Jacksonville on U.S. Route 17 and includes an area sized just over 20 square miles.

Hampstead is part of the Wilmington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
HCA Florida Fawcett Hospital
HCA Florida Fawcett Hospital, formerly Fawcett Memorial Hospital, is a 238 bed for profit acute-care hospital at 21298 Olean Boulevard in Port Charlotte, Florida. It is owned by Hospital Corporation of America (commonly known as HCA). The hospital's slogan is "Our family caring for yours." It is certified in many fields, including stroke, cardiology/chest pain, and cancer.

Port Charlotte, Florida
Port Charlotte is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 60,625 at the 2020 census, up from 54,392 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Port Charlotte was named to the "10 Best Places to Retire", in the United States for the year 2012 by U.S. News & World Report.
Eli Leon
Eli Leon (1935–2018) born as Robert Stanley Leon, was an American psychologist, writer and collector. As a self-taught scholar of African-American quilts, he helped bring attention to the field and especially to the quilts of Rosie Lee Tompkins.

Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive
The Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAMPFA, formerly abbreviated as BAM/PFA) are a combined art museum, repertory movie theater, and film archive associated with the University of California, Berkeley. Jules Rodrigues Widholm is the current Executive Director since August 2020. She succeeds Lawrence Rinder who served from 2008 to 2020. The museum is a member of the North American Reciprocal Museums program.
Snap (computer graphics)
In computer graphics, snapping allows an object to be easily positioned in alignment with grid lines, guide lines or another object, by causing it to automatically jump to an exact position when the user drags it to the proximity of the desired location.

Some CAD software provides a "Snap" pull-down menu with diverse options as preferences for the practice of the operation.

In Windows, with the "snap windows" option enabled, snapping a window against the top (or side) edge of the screen causes it to change into full screen (or half-screen for multitasking).

Software snapping is analogous to hardware detents which serve to indicate discrete values or steps of an input device.

Drag and drop
In computer graphical user interfaces, drag and drop is a pointing device gesture in which the user selects a virtual object by "grabbing" it and dragging it to a different location or onto another virtual object. In general, it can be used to invoke many kinds of actions, or create various types of associations between two abstract objects.

As a feature, drag-and-drop support is not found in all software, though it is sometimes a fast and easy-to-learn technique. However, it is not always clear to users that an item can be dragged and dropped, or what command is performed by the drag and drop, which can decrease usability.
Drenovec pri Bukovju
Drenovec pri Bukovju (pronounced [ˈdɾeːnɔʋəts pɾi ˈbuːkɔu̯ju]; German: Drenovetz) is a settlement in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills above the right bank of the Sotla River, northeast of Bizeljsko, on the border with Croatia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlets of Gornji Drenovec, Lipovec (German: Lipovetz), Trnje (German: Ternje), and Gornja Vas (Slovene: Gornja vas, in older sources Zgornja Vas, German: Oberdorf).

Municipality of Brežice
The Municipality of Brežice (pronounced [ˈbɾèːʒitsɛ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Brežice) is a municipality in eastern Slovenia in the Lower Sava Valley along the border with Croatia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Brežice. The area was traditionally divided between Lower Styria (territory on the left bank of the Sava River) and Lower Carniola (territory on the right bank of the Sava River). The entire municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.
Oberheim OB-1
The Oberheim OB-1 was a monophonic analog synthesizer introduced by Oberheim Electronics in late 1977. With the ability to store and recall up to 8 instances of its sound settings, it was the first completely programmable synthesizer, and the first of Oberheim's OB-series of synthesizers.

Oberheim Electronics
Oberheim is an American synthesizer manufacturer founded in 1969 by Tom Oberheim. Beginning in 1975, Oberheim developed some of the first commercially available polyphonic synthesizers and was a prominent synthesizer and drum machine manufacturer through the mid-1980s. In 1988, the company changed ownership and was eventually purchased by Gibson Guitar Corporation, which developed new Oberheim products and licensed the trademark to other companies that produced Oberheim products, but development of Oberheim products ceased after 2000. In 2009, Tom Oberheim began developing instruments through his own company, and in 2019, Gibson returned the Oberheim trademark to Tom Oberheim, whose company rebranded as Oberheim.
Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees
The Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (Swedish: Tjänstemännens Centralorganisation, TCO, literary White-collar workers' Central Organisation) is a national trade union centre, the umbrella organisation for 12 trade unions in Sweden that organise professional and other qualified employees in both the private and the public sectors. The affiliated trade unions represent about 1.2 million employees. In 2018, the TCO affiliated unions made up 37% of all active trade union members in Sweden (up from 17% in 1950), making the confederation the second largest of Sweden's three major confederations.: 128  The largest TCO affiliate is Unionen with 551,000 active members in 2018.: 229  TCO is independent and not affiliated to any political party in Sweden. TCO is an affiliate of the European Trade Union Confederation and Eurocadres.

Unionen
Unionen is a Swedish white-collar trade union.

The union was formed on 1 January 2008, when the Swedish Union of Commercial Salaried Employees merged with the Swedish Union of Clerical and Technical Employees in Industry.  Like both its predecessors, it affiliated to the Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees.  Unionen is the biggest trade union in Sweden and the biggest white-collar union in the world. In 2014, it was joined by the Pharmacy Union, and in 2019 by the Association of Forestal, and Agricultural Employees. The union had 403,623 members on formation.
Binondo–Intramuros Bridge
The Binondo–Intramuros Bridge is a tied-arch bridge in Manila, Philippines, spanning the Pasig River. It connects Muelle de Binondo in Binondo and San Nicolas to Solana Street and Riverside Drive in Intramuros. The bridge has four lanes and exhibits a steel bowstring arch design with inclined arches. It is 680 meters (2,230 ft) long.

The bridge is controversial due to its location at the historic center of Manila, near the San Agustin Church heritage site.

Baroque Churches of the Philippines
The Baroque Churches of the Philippines are a collection of four Spanish Colonial-era baroque churches in the Philippines, which were included in UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1993. The churches are also considered as national cultural treasures of the country.
Time Without Pity
Time Without Pity is a 1957 British film noir thriller film directed by Joseph Losey and starring  Michael Redgrave, Ann Todd, Leo McKern, Paul Daneman, Peter Cushing, Alec McCowen and Renee Houston. It is about a father trying to save his son from execution for murder.

The film was directed by Losey after he was blacklisted in the U.S. during the McCarthy era. It was his second film in Britain and his first under his own name.

The screenplay was written by fellow blacklisted writer Ben Barzman and adapted from the 1953 play Someone Waiting by Emlyn Williams.

Ann Todd
Dorothy Ann Todd (24 January 1907 – 6 May 1993) was an English film, television and stage actress who achieved international fame when she starred in  The Seventh Veil (1945). From 1949 to 1957 she was married to David Lean who directed her in The Passionate Friends (1949), Madeleine (1950), and The Sound Barrier (1952). She was a member of The Old Vic theatre company and in 1957 starred in a Broadway play. In her later years she wrote, produced and directed travel documentaries.
Royal Bay Secondary School
École Secondaire Royal Bay Secondary School (RBSS) is a secondary school located in Colwood, a western suburb of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is one of three secondary schools in School District 62 Sooke and serves the suburban Westshore area of Colwood, Langford and Metchosin. The school ranks as the second largest Secondary School by student population on Vancouver Island, behind Belmont Secondary School.

Langford, British Columbia
Langford is a city on southern Vancouver Island in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Langford is one of the 13 component municipalities of Greater Victoria and is within the Capital Regional District. Langford was incorporated in 1992 and has a population of over 40,000 people, the largest municipality in the Western Communities, and third-largest in the Capital Regional District after Saanich and Victoria.

Its motto is "Golden in setting, determined in Spirit," containing a reference to the natural beauty of the City of Langford, specifically Goldstream Provincial Park, and a comment on the community's drive to enhance Langford's special character and future.
The Surrender of Breda
La rendición de Breda (English: The Surrender of Breda, also known as Las lanzas – The Lances) is a painting by the Spanish Golden Age painter Diego Velázquez. He painted it during the years 1634 and 1635, inspired by his visit to Italy with Ambrogio Spinola, the Genoese-born Spanish general who conquered Breda on June 5, 1625. The painting depicts the exchange of the key of Breda from the Dutch to the Spanish.

It is considered one of Velázquez's best works. Velázquez composed The Surrender of Breda into two halves, which included the Dutch leader Justinus van Nassau and the Spanish Genoese general Spinola. Jan Morris has called it "one of the most Spanish of all pictures".

Ambrogio Spinola
Ambrogio Spinola Doria, 1st Marquess of Los Balbases and 1st Duke of Sesto (1569 – 25 September 1630) was an Italian nobleman from the Republic of Genoa and a celebrated general in the service of the Spanish Empire. He distinguished himself in several key engagements during the Eighty Years' War and the Thirty Years' War, and is regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of his time and in the history of the Spanish army. Spanish-speaking sources often refer to him as "Ambrosio". For his service, he was granted the title Marquess of Los Balbases in the Spanish peerage and was invested into both the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Order of Santiago.
Shelby Lynne
Shelby Lynn Moorer (born October 22, 1968), known professionally as Shelby Lynne, is an American singer and songwriter and the older sister of singer-songwriter Allison Moorer. The success of her pop rock album I Am Shelby Lynne (1999) led to her winning the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, despite it being her sixth studio album. She released a Dusty Springfield tribute album called Just a Little Lovin' in 2008. Since then she has started her own independent record label, called Everso Records, and released six albums: Tears, Lies and Alibis; Merry Christmas; Revelation Road; Thanks; I Can't Imagine; and Shelby Lynne. Lynne is also known for her distinctive contralto voice.

Shelby Lynne (album)
Shelby Lynne is the sixteenth album by American singer Shelby Lynne. It was released on April 17, 2020 by Everso Records with distribution by Thirty Tigers. Three singles were released from it: "I Got You", "Here I Am" and "Don't Even Believe in Love".
Milan Šufflay
Milan Šufflay (8 November 1879 – 19 February 1931) was a Croatian historian and politician. He was one of the founders of Albanology and the author of the first Croatian science fiction novel. As a Croatian nationalist, he was persecuted in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and his murder subsequently caused an internationally publicized affair.

Konstantin Jireček
Konstantin Josef Jireček (24 July 1854 – 10 January 1918) was an Austro-Hungarian Czech historian, politician, diplomat, and Slavist. He was the founder of Bohemian Balkanology (or Balkan Studies) and Byzantine studies, and wrote extensively on Bulgarian and Serbian history. Jireček was also a minister in the government of the Principality of Bulgaria for a couple of years.
Brian Stack (Gaelic footballer)
Brian Stack (born 1997/1998) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for St Brigid's and the Roscommon county team. He plays mostly in defence, although he has also played as a forward.

Stack's brother Ronan has also played for Roscommon and was part of the St Brigid's team that won the 2012–13 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship title. He attended Marist College, Athlone, where he was part of the team that played in the Leinster Colleges Senior Football Championship final of 2014.

Stack made his club debut in 2014. He played for St Brigid's in the 2023–24 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship final.

Stack first played inter-county football for Roscommon in 2017. He marked his debut inter-county season with a Connacht SFC title, and added a second in 2019.

He has captained Roscommon for several seasons. He has also represented Connacht at inter-provincial level.

St Brigid's GAA (Roscommon)
St Brigid's GAA Club (Naomh Bríd) is a Gaelic football club located in the parishes of Kiltoom and Cam in County Roscommon, Ireland. The club was founded in 1944 and is a member of the Roscommon GAA branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association. As well as senior, intermediate and junior teams, the club fields underage teams from under-8 to under-21 and caters for ladies' Gaelic football at all ages.

St Brigid's' home pitch is at Newpark, Kiltoom. The team plays in green and red colours.

On 25 November 2012, St Brigid's secured a third consecutive Connacht Senior Club Football Championship (SFC) title, defeating Ballaghaderreen by 1–12 to 0–6, and becoming the second club team in Connacht to achieve this. St Brigid's won the 2012–13 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship title, defeating Dublin GAA club Ballymun Kickhams in the final at Croke Park on Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March 2013.
Telefomin
Telefomin is a station town on the border of Sandaun and Western Provinces in Papua New Guinea. The town started during the Second World War after Mick Leahy was assigned to engineer an airstrip in 1944 for the United States for use against the Imperial Japanese Army forces based in New Guinea.

The Sepik River runs west–east south of the town. The Baptist Mission of Telefomin contains a notable museum and fossils that have been found in the area.

The Telefomin peoples traditionally have carved designs onto tall boards for the entrances of their houses.

In 1953 two Australian patrol officers and four police were killed by tribesman in the Telefomin Incident.

A road connecting Telefomin to Tabubil was opened on 12 September 2025.

Mick Leahy (explorer)
Michael James Leahy MBE (26 February 1901 – 7 March 1979) was an Australian explorer and gold prospector, famed for his exploration of the Highlands area of Papua New Guinea. He photographed, filmed and published many of his explorations widely.
Pinehurst Lake
Pinehurst Lake is a lake in Northeastern Alberta. Located 245 kilometres (152 mi) northeast of Edmonton, in the Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area just east of the Lakeland Provincial Park, it is a popular destination for anglers and hunters alike.

Pinehurst Lake has a water surface of 40.7 km2 (15.7 sq mi), and drains by Punk Creek into the Sand River, a tributary in the Beaver River basin. The lake has a catchment area of 285 km2 (110 sq mi).

Beaver River (Canada)
Beaver River is a large river in east-central Alberta and central Saskatchewan, Canada. It flows east through Alberta and Saskatchewan and then turns sharply north to flow into Lac Île-à-la-Crosse on the Churchill River which flows into Hudson Bay.

Beaver River has a catchment area of 14,500 square kilometres (5,600 sq mi) in Alberta, where it drains the lake system in Lac La Biche County. The total length is 491 kilometres (305 mi). It was first documented on the Turnor map of 1790, and then confirmed on the Harmon map of 1820.
Thud Ridge (book)
Thud Ridge is a 1969 memoir by Jack Broughton about flying the F-105 "Thud" for the United States Air Force in the Vietnam War during Operation Rolling Thunder. The title Thud Ridge derives from the nickname given by F-105 pilots to the Tam Dao range, which was both a waypoint during air attacks in the vicinity of Hanoi, North Vietnam, and a terrain masking feature for ingressing fighters.

The book set a style that was followed over the next several decades by a spate of gritty memoirs by air veterans of the Vietnam War. Broughton's book is unique to the extent that it was described as "history in the making" by Hanson W. Baldwin of the New York Times.

Thud Ridge
Thud Ridge was the nickname given by United States Air Force F-105 Thunderchief pilots (the aircraft being nicknamed "Thud") during the Vietnam War to the Tam Dao range a 24 km, 5,000 feet (1,500 m) high ridge that ran parallel to the Red River approximately 32 km northwest of Hanoi, which was both a waypoint during air attacks and a terrain masking feature for ingressing fighters in the vicinity of Hanoi, North Vietnam.

The North Vietnamese eventually installed anti-aircraft artillery on the ridge using heavy-lift helicopters.

Phúc Yên Air Base is located at the base of the ridge, while Kép Air Base is located east of the ridge.

The ridge features heavily in the book Thud Ridge.
Sesheke District
Sesheke District is one of the sixteen (16) districts in Western Province of Zambia. The capital lies at Sesheke. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 72,655 people. It contains part of Sioma Ngwezi National Park and contains part of the Zambezi River, which forms part of Zambia's border with Namibia.

Western Province, Zambia
Western Province is one of  the 10 provinces in Zambia and encompasses most of the area formerly known as Barotseland. The capital is Mongu, and together with the neighbouring town of Limulunga, Mongu is treated as the capital of Barotseland.