hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Galilee Hitch-Hiker
The Galilee Hitch-Hiker is Richard Brautigan's second poetry publication. It was first published in 1958 by White Rabbit Press in a hand-sewn edition of 200, and was sold by a variety of means, including City Lights Bookstore and direct sales by Brautigan to those passing by on the street.

In 1966 the book was re-released by The Cranium Press in a run of 700 with an additional 16 signed and numbered copies. Brautigan signed each of the 16 copies in blue pencil and drew a small picture of a fish.

The contents consist of one poem with nine separately titled sections.  It was reprinted, in its entirety, in The Pill Versus the Springhill Mine Disaster.

Richard Brautigan
Richard Gary Brautigan  (January 30, 1935 – c. September 16, 1984) was an American novelist, poet, and short story writer. He wrote throughout his life and published ten novels, two collections of short stories, and ten books of poetry. Brautigan's work has been published both in the United States and internationally throughout Europe, Japan, and China. He is best known for his novels Trout Fishing in America (1967), In Watermelon Sugar (1968), and The Abortion: An Historical Romance 1966 (1971).
Bowden, Alberta
Bowden /ˈboʊdən/ is a town in central Alberta, Canada. It is located in Red Deer County on the Queen Elizabeth II Highway, approximately 45 km (28 mi) south of Red Deer.

The community may take its name from Bowdon, Greater Manchester, in England. A provincial Alberta Land Surveyor reference relates this alternate name source, "The most widely accepted version says that a surveyor named Williamson suggested that this siding on the Edmonton-Calgary Trail take the maiden name of his wife."

Red Deer, Alberta
Red Deer is a city in Alberta, Canada, located midway on the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. Red Deer serves central Alberta, and its key industries include health care, retail trade, construction, oil and gas, hospitality, manufacturing and education. It is surrounded by Red Deer County and borders on Lacombe County. The city is in aspen parkland, a region of rolling hills, alongside the Red Deer River.
Brindisi Rosso
Brindisi Rosso is a red DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) wine from the Southern Italian province of Brindisi, in the region of Apulia. The official appellation was granted on November 22, 1979, when a presidential decree was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale dated April 23, 1980, after lobbying by the firm of Pasquale Medico & Sons and other producers. In recent years the production of this variety of wine has declined considerably (up to 50%), due to the uprooting of vines as a result of incentives from the EU, which has favoured other products. The province of Brindisi has a very long tradition of wine making, largely because Brindisi was the Roman gateway to the East and sold its wine to Rome along with salt and olive oil imported from the empire's Mediterranean provinces.

Brindisi
Brindisi (US: /ˈbrɪndɪzi, ˈbriːn-/ BRIN-diz-ee, BREEN-, Italian: [ˈbrindizi] ⓘ; Brindisino: Brìnnisi) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an essential role in trade and culture due to its strategic position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city remains a major port for trade with the Balkan Peninsula, Greece and the Middle East. Its industries include agriculture, chemical works, and the generation of electricity.

From September 1943 to February 1944, Brindisi was the provisional government seat of the Kingdom of Italy.
Zungenbecken
A Zungenbecken (German pronunciation: [ˈtsʊŋənˌbɛkn̩]), also called a tongue basin or tongue-basin, is part of a succession of ice age geological landforms, known as a glacial series. It is a hollow that is left behind by the ice mass, as the snout of the glacier (German: Gletscherzunge, lit. 'glacier tongue') recedes, which initially fills with meltwater, forming a proglacial lake, and later may be filled with surface water from streams or precipitation. When the glacier has more fully retreated this produces a finger lake or glacial piedmont lake (German: Zungenbeckensee, known as a Gletscherendsee of the glacial series in the Alpine Foreland). The term Zungenbecken is of German origin, but used in English language sources.

Examples are the Tegernsee, Ammersee, Starnberger See, Lake Constance, Chiemsee, Tollensesee and the Baltic Sea.

Lake Starnberg
Lake Starnberg, or Starnberger See [ˈʃtaʁnbɛʁɡɐ ˌzeː] ⓘ( — called Lake Würm or Würmsee ([ˈvʏʁmˌzeː] ⓘ) until 1962 — is Germany's fifth-largest lake by area, however, because of its great depth, it is the second-largest body of fresh water. It and its surroundings lie in three different Bavarian districts, or Landkreise. The lake is property of the state and accordingly managed by the Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes.

Located in southern Bavaria 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Munich, Lake Starnberg is a popular recreation area for the city and, since 1976, one of the wetlands of international importance protected by the Ramsar Convention. The small town of Berg is famous as the site where King Ludwig II of Bavaria was found dead in the lake in 1886. Because of its associations with the Wittelsbach royal family, the lake is also known as Fürstensee (Prince's Lake). It is also mentioned in T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land.
76th Field Artillery Regiment
The 76th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army. First formed as a cavalry regiment in 1916, the regiment was converted to field artillery in 1917, and served in Europe during World War I with the 3rd Division and as a separate battalion during World War II, as well as in peacetime at Fort Knox, KY, and Fort Devens, MA. Since 1959, the regiment has been a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System and the U.S. Army Regimental System, with regimental elements serving with the 3rd Infantry Division in Germany and Operation Iraqi Freedom, with the 7th Infantry Division in Korea, and in the Army Reserve. No regimental elements are currently active.

U.S. Army Combat Arms Regimental System
The Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS), was the method of assigning unit designations to units of some of the combat arms branches of the
United States Army, including Infantry, Special Forces, Field Artillery, and Armor, from 1957 to 1981. Air Defense Artillery was added in 1968.

CARS was superseded by the U.S. Army Regimental System (USARS) in 1981, although the term "Regiment" was never appended to the official name or designation of CARS regiments, and was not added to USARS regiments until 2005.
African Christian Democratic Party
The African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) is a South African political party founded in 1993. It is a conservative Christian party based on Biblical principles. The leader of the party is Kenneth Meshoe.

Following the 2016 municipal elections, the ACDP joined with the much larger Democratic Alliance (DA) and several other smaller parties to form coalition governments in Nelson Mandela Bay, Johannesburg and Tshwane.

As of 2024, the ACDP has three members in the South African Parliament, and one member each in the provincial legislatures of Western Cape, and Gauteng.  It also has 22 municipal councillors across the country.

In June 2024, ACDP was offered  an opportunity to be part of Government of National Unity (GNU), but the party decided to stay out of the new government.

Kenneth Meshoe
Kenneth Rasalabe Joseph Meshoe (born 18 January 1954) is a South African evangelist, politician, reverend and teacher. He has been serving as the inaugural leader of the African Christian Democratic Party, a Christian democratic political party, since 1993. He became a Member of Parliament in 1994 and has since been re-elected five times. He is one of the longest-serving MPs.
Kropyvnytske
Kropyvnytske (Ukrainian: Кропивницьке) is a village located in Novoukrainka Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine. It is the birthplace of Marko Kropyvnytskyi in whom the village is named for. Kropyvnytske belongs to Hannivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Marko Kropyvnytskyi
Marko Lukych Kropyvnytskyi (Ukrainian: Марко Лукич Кропивницький; 22 May [O.S. 7 May] 1840 – 21 April [O.S. 8 April] 1910) was a Ukrainian writer, dramaturge, composer, theatre actor and director. Over his career Kropyvnytskyi wrote 40 plays, played in over 500 roles of various repertoire, as well as writing several songs.

In 1875, he was invited by Theophilia Romanovich to the theatrical society Ruska Besida (in English: Ruthenian conversation), and is attributed to be one of the founders of the first professional Ukrainian theatre, The Ruska Besida Theater.
Herzele
Herzele (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛrzeːlə]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders in the Denderstreek. The municipality comprises the villages of Borsbeke, Herzele proper, Hillegem, Ressegem, Sint-Antelinks, Sint-Lievens-Esse, Steenhuize-Wijnhuize and Woubrechtegem. In 2021, Herzele had a total population of 18,414. The total area is 47.40 km2. The current mayor of Herzele is Johan Van Tittelboom, from the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats party.

Herzele is crossed by two brooks, the Molenbeek in Borsbeke, Herzele, Ressegem, and Hillegem, as well as the Molenbeek-Ter Erpenbeek in Herzele, Sint-Lievens-Esse, Woubrechtegem, and Ressegem.

Denderstreek
The Denderstreek or Denderland is a region in Belgium. It is named after the river Dender. Though the river stretches over three provinces, Hainaut, East Flanders and Flemish Brabant, the region called after the river is situated in East Flanders. Most of the Denderstreek is part of the Scheldeland (Scheldtland), the rest is part of the Flemish Ardennes.
2024 EFL Championship play-off final
The 2024 EFL Championship play-off final was an association football match played on 26 May 2024 that decided the final team to get promotion from the EFL Championship, the second tier of English football, to the Premier League. The top two teams of the 2023–24 EFL Championship, Leicester City and Ipswich Town, gained automatic promotion, while the clubs that placed from third to sixth took part in the 2024 English Football League play-offs. Promotion to the Premier League was estimated in 2024 to be worth up to £265 million to the play-off final winner.

The final was contested by Leeds United and Southampton, both of whom were relegated from the Premier League in the previous season and finished third and fourth respectively in the 2023–24 EFL Championship season. Southampton won the game 1–0, thus securing promotion back to the Premier League.

Will Smallbone
William Anthony Patrick Smallbone (born 21 February 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for EFL Championship club Millwall, on loan from EFL Championship club Southampton. Born in England, he plays for the Republic of Ireland national team.
North Toronto station
The North Toronto railway station is a former Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) station in the northwest corner of the Rosedale neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the east side of Yonge Street, adjacent to the neighbourhood of Summerhill, and a short distance south of the Summerhill subway station. The building is now home to a Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) liquor store.

Summerhill station
Summerhill is a subway station on the Yonge–University line in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on Shaftesbury Avenue just east of Yonge Street, with the entrance being at the north end of the train platforms.

With an average daily ridership of 5,045, Summerhill – much like its southern neighbour, Rosedale – is one of the subway system's least-frequented stations. Because it has no major bus connections and no significant attractions nearby, the station relies almost entirely on the surrounding Summerhill neighbourhood for its passenger volume.
Wysokie, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Wysokie [vɨˈsɔkʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Choszczno, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Choszczno and 63 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Choszczno
Gmina Choszczno is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Choszczno, which lies approximately 62 kilometres (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 246.53 square kilometres (95.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 22,263 (out of which the population of Choszczno amounts to 15,753, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,510).
Renpetneferet
Renpetneferet (Ancient Egyptian: rnpt-nfrt) is a minor goddess who is credited as being either the sister or the wife of Imhotep in Late Period Egyptian texts. There is no evidence of an individual by this name existing during the reign of King Djoser, although similar names were being used for  women during the fourth dynasty.

Renpet
Renpet was, in the Egyptian language, the word for "year". Its hieroglyph was figuratively depicted in art as a woman wearing a palm shoot (symbolizing time) over her head. She was often referred to as the Mistress of Eternity and also personified fertility, youth and spring. The glyph regularly appears on monuments and documents throughout Egyptian history as the beginning of the phrase recording the regnal year of the pharaoh.
Non-Volatile File System
Non-Volatile File System (NVFS) is a flash memory file system introduced in the release of Palm's Personal Digital Assistant handheld models Tungsten T5, Tungsten E2, Palm TX, Z22, Treo 650/700/680/755p, and Palm Centro.

Treo 755p
The Treo 755p is a smartphone developed by Palm, Inc. It was released on May 15, 2007 as the first CDMA Treo without an aerial antenna. This Treo has a form factor similar to that of the GSM Treo 680, and is equipped with the full Palm OS. It has been described as a Treo 700p in a Treo 680's body.
Austin Opera
Austin Opera, formerly known as the Austin Lyric Opera, is an opera company based in Austin, Texas. The company was founded in 1986. Its key personnel include Annie Burridge as general director, and Timothy Myers as artistic advisor.

In January 2007, it staged the North American premiere of Philip Glass's opera Waiting for the Barbarians.

Waiting for the Barbarians (opera)
Waiting for the Barbarians is an opera in two acts composed by Philip Glass, with libretto by Christopher Hampton based on the 1980 novel of the same name by South African-born author J. M. Coetzee. The opera was commissioned by the Theater Erfurt in Erfurt, Germany.
Detachments (British band)
Detachments are a London-based, post-punk influenced art rock/electronic group led by Blackpool raised Bastien Marshal (Manchester born). They were signed by Thisisnotanexit Records in 2008. Their sound has been compared to that of New Wave music of the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as New Order and Joy Division.

James Ford (musician)
James Ellis Ford (born 11 December 1978) is an English record producer and songwriter, known for being a member of Simian Mobile Disco and the Last Shadow Puppets as well as his production work with Arctic Monkeys, Blur, Depeche Mode, Foals, Florence and the Machine, Haim, Gorillaz, Klaxons, The Last Dinner Party, Jessie Ware, Kylie Minogue, Declan McKenna,  the Pet Shop Boys, Pulp and Geese.

In 2023 he released a solo album The Hum on Warp Records.
Mo Ibrahim Foundation
The Mo Ibrahim Foundation is an African non-grant foundation founded in 2006 by businessman Mo Ibrahim. Headquartered in London, United Kingdom, and Dakar, Senegal, it works to recognise achievement within leadership in Africa through initiatives including:

Ibrahim Index of African Governance

Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership

Ibrahim Governance Weekend

Ibrahim Fellowships and Scholarships and the Now Generation Network

The Foundation is chaired by Mo Ibrahim. Other board members include Valerie Amos, Jin-Yong Cai, Nathalie Delapalme, Jendayi Frazer, Hadeel Ibrahim, Hosh Ibrahim, Abdoulie Janneh, Donald Kaberuka, Pascal Lamy, Graça Machel, Jay Naidoo, Mary Robinson, Ngaire Woods, and Zeinab Badawi.

Pascal Lamy
Pascal Lamy (born 8 April 1947) is a French political consultant and businessman. He was the Director-General of the World Trade Organization (WTO) from 1 September 2005 to 1 September 2013 for 8 years. In April 2009, WTO members reappointed Lamy for a second 4-year term, beginning on 1 September 2009. He was then succeeded by Roberto Azevêdo. Pascal Lamy was also European Commissioner for Trade for 5 years, from 13 September 1999 to 22 November 2004 and is an advisor for the transatlantic think-tank European Horizons, as well as currently serving as the Honorary President of the Paris-based think tank, Notre Europe.
Idempotence
Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency).

The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).

Idempotent matrix
In linear algebra, an idempotent matrix is a matrix which, when multiplied by itself, yields itself. That is, the matrix  is idempotent if and only if . For this product  to be defined,  must necessarily be a square matrix. Viewed this way, idempotent matrices are idempotent elements of matrix rings.
Steve Bendelack
Steve Bendelack is an English filmmaker and television director who has worked primarily on comedy programmes.

Originally an assistant to Peter Fluck and Roger Law on satirical TV puppet show Spitting Image, Bendelack went on to direct the show in later years. He directed The Mary Whitehouse Experience, The Royle Family, The League of Gentlemen, Dark Ages, Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased), Cowards and the first series of Little Britain.  He directed the BBC3 pilot for The Mighty Boosh in 2003, but was replaced by Paul King for the series proper. He produced the opening scene for the 1990s edition of Whose Line Is It Anyway? for a short period, but stopped midway through the series. Bendelack has directed the feature films The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse, Mr. Bean's Holiday and The Harry Hill Movie. Bendelack also directed the first series of Friday Night Dinner and the miniseries Ill Behaviour.

The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse
The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse is a 2005 disaster horror comedy film based on the British television series The League of Gentlemen. It is directed by Steve Bendelack at his directorial debut and written by the series' cast along with Jeremy Dyson. Starring Mark Gatiss, Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith, who reprise their roles from the TV series, along with Michael Sheen, Victoria Wood, David Warner, Alan Morrissey, Bruno Langley, Bernard Hill, Simon Pegg and Peter Kay who appear in guest roles, the film follows the series' characters as they enter the real world and meet their creators while the setting, the fictional town of Royston Vasey, is facing a series of apocalyptic events.

It is a British-Irish venture produced by FilmFour, Tiger Aspect Films and Universal Pictures. The film was released on 3 June 2005 in the United Kingdom.
Bibb County, Georgia
Bibb County is located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 157,346. Bibb County is geographically located in the Central Georgia (Middle Georgia) region, and is the largest county in the Macon metropolitan area (metropolitan statistical area).

Bibb County has a consolidated city-county government following a merger of the county with its county seat and largest city, Macon, in 2014. They were later joined in this consolidated government in 2015 by the county's only other municipality, Payne City.

Central Georgia
Central Georgia, also known as Middle Georgia, is an eleven-county region in the U.S. state of Georgia. It abuts the Atlanta metropolitan area, just to the north, and is anchored by both the Macon and Warner Robins metropolitan areas.
Venetian Arena
The Venetian Arena (previously known as the Cotai Arena) is an indoor arena located on the premises of The Venetian Macao, on the Cotai Strip, in Macau, China. It opened in 2007 and has a seating capacity of 14,000. The facility was known as Venetian Arena from 2007 to 2010, and was renamed the Cotai Arena from 2010 until 2024, when it reverted back to its original name. It hosts sporting events such as basketball, tennis and boxing, as well as concerts and internationally-televised awards shows.

Cotai Strip
The Cotai Strip is an area known mostly for its hotel-casinos in the central portion of Cotai, Macau. The term was first coined by the Las Vegas Sands Corporation in reference to its construction of a strip.

Cotai was the result of a major land reclamation project which joined the two islands of Coloane and Taipa and forms part of the Macau government's continuous efforts to expand the region's territory. The reclaimed land in Cotai has been mainly used for the development of casinos.

Over the past few decades, the layout of the Cotai Strip has also slowly developed into a grid-like layout with major hotels and casinos, not directly connected to the 'strip' as opposed to Las Vegas Strip where the majority of major hotels and casinos have front access to the strip.
Baek Ji-young
Baek Ji-young (Korean: 백지영; born March 25, 1976), sometimes anglicized as Baek Z Young, is a South Korean singer. She made her debut in 1999, with the release of her album Sorrow. Over her career she has released eight studio albums and won awards for "Best Female Artist" and "Best OST" at the Mnet Asian Music Awards.

MAMA Award for Best OST
The MAMA Award for Best OST (Korean: 베스트 OST) is an award presented annually by CJ E&M Pictures (Mnet) at the MAMA Awards. It was first awarded at the 2004 Mnet KM Music Video Festival; Jo Sungmo won the award for his song "By Your Side" for the drama series Lovers in Paris, and is given in honor for the performers with the best soundtrack for a television series.
UK Carrier Strike Group
The UK Carrier Strike Group (UKCSG) is a carrier battle group of the Royal Navy. It has existed in various forms since the mid-2000s. Between 2006 and 2011, the formation centred around the Royal Navy's Invincible-class aircraft carriers until the retirement of their Harrier GR9 strike aircraft in 2011 as a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review. The UKCSG subsequently returned in February 2015 ahead of the entry into service of the new Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers, HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. The aim of the CSG is to facilitate carrier-enabled power projection.

HMS Portland (F79)
HMS Portland is a Type 23 frigate of the British Royal Navy. She is the eighth ship to bear the name and is the fifteenth and penultimate ship of the "Duke" class of frigates. She is named for the currently extinct Dukedom of Portland, and more particularly for the third duke, who was prime minister.