hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photon-counting computed tomography
Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is a form of X-ray computed tomography (CT) in which X-rays are detected using a photon-counting detector (PCD) which registers the interactions of individual photons. By keeping track of the deposited energy in each interaction, the detector pixels of a PCD each record an approximate energy spectrum, making it a spectral or energy-resolved CT technique. In contrast, more conventional CT scanners use energy-integrating detectors (EIDs), where the total energy (generally from a large number of photons as well as electronic noise) deposited in a pixel during a fixed period of time is registered. These EIDs thus register only photon intensity, comparable to black-and-white photography, whereas PCDs register also spectral information, similar to color photography.

The first clinically-approved PCCT system was cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2021.

Photon counting
Photon counting is a technique in which individual photons are counted using a single-photon detector (SPD). A single-photon detector emits a pulse of signal for each detected photon. The counting efficiency is determined by the quantum efficiency and the system's electronic losses.

Many photodetectors can be configured to detect individual photons, each with relative advantages and disadvantages. Common types include photomultipliers, geiger counters, single-photon avalanche diodes, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, transition edge sensors, and scintillation counters. Charge-coupled devices can be used.
Rancho Mallacomes
Rancho Mallacomes  (also called Moristul and Mallacomes y Plano de Agua Caliente) was a 17,742-acre (71.80 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Napa County and Sonoma County, California given in 1843  by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to José de los Santos Berreyesa.

The grant was located in the Napa Valley, just north of present-day Calistoga and consisted of Mallacomes or Moristul and Plano de Agua Caliente.   Mallacomes comes from mountain chain Serro de los Mallacomes (Mount Saint Helena) and included most of Knights Valley (previously known as Mallacomes Valley).  Agua Caliente refers to the warms springs near Calistoga.

José de los Santos Berreyesa
José de los Santos Berreyesa (April 28, 1817 – October 30, 1864), a member of the Berreyesa family, was the last Alcalde of Alta California. Fluent to a high degree in both English and Spanish, he served as a witness on many land grant cases before the Public Land Commission in the 1850s and 1860s.
Astringent
An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues. The word derives from the Latin adstringere, which means "to bind fast". Astringency, the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by the tannins in unripe fruits, lets the fruit mature by deterring eating. Tannins, being a kind of polyphenol, bind salivary proteins and make them precipitate and aggregate, producing a rough, "sandpapery", or dry sensation in the mouth.

Smoking tobacco is also reported to have an astringent effect.

In a scientific study, astringency was still detectable by subjects who had local anesthesia applied to their taste nerves, but not when both these and the trigeminal nerves were disabled.

Witch-hazel
Witch-hazels or witch hazels (Hamamelis) are a genus of flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, with three species in North America (H. ovalis, H. virginiana, and H. vernalis), and one each in Japan (H. japonica) and China (H. mollis). The North American species are occasionally called winterbloom.
Myron
Myron of Eleutherae (/ˈmaɪrən/; Ancient Greek: Μύρων, Myrōn [mý.rɔːn]; c. 485 – c. 440 BC) was an Athenian sculptor from the mid-5th century BC. Alongside three other Greek sculptors, Polykleitos, Pheidias, and Praxiteles, Myron is considered as one of the most important sculptors of classical antiquity. He was born in Eleutherae on the borders of Boeotia and Attica.  According to Natural History, a Latin encyclopedia by Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79), a scholar in Ancient Rome, Ageladas of Argos was his teacher.

None of his original sculptures are known to survive, but there are many later copies of his works, such as his Discobolus, mostly Roman.

Eleutherae
Eleutherae (/ɪˈljuθəri/; Ancient Greek: Ἐλευθεραί) is a city in the northern part of Attica, bordering the territory of Boeotia.  One of the best preserved fortresses of Ancient Greece stands now on the spot of an Ancient Eleutherae castle, dated between 370 and 360 BC, with walls of very fine masonry that average 2.6m thick.  A circuit of wall 860 m contained towers, 6 of them still standing along the northern edge of the site, preserved to the height of 4 to 6 m.  The foundations of more towers are present.  Although not as well preserved, the line of the remainder of the fortification circuit is clear, as is the location of the one large, double gate (western) and one small (south-eastern) gate. There are two small sally-ports located on the north side.  The fortified area is irregular and c. 113 by 290m in extent.
Clan MacMillan
Clan MacMillan is a Highland Scottish clan. The Clan was originally located in the Lochaber area of the Scottish Highlands during the 12th century. The clan supported Robert the Bruce during the Wars of Scottish Independence, but later supported the Lord of the Isles in opposition to the Scottish Crown. During the Jacobite rising of 1745 the clan was divided with some supporting the Jacobites and others not taking part in the rebellion.

Castle Sween
Castle Sween, also known as Caisteal Suibhne, and Caistéal Suibhne, is located on the eastern shore of Loch Sween, in Knapdale, south of the forestry village of Achnamara on the west coast of Argyll, Scotland. Castle Sween is thought to be one of the earliest stone castles built in Scotland, having been built in the late 11th century. The castle's towers were later additions to wooden structures which have since vanished.
Beszowa
Beszowa [bɛˈʂɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łubnice, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Łubnice, 16 km (10 mi) south of Staszów, and 62 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

From 1975 to 1998 the town was administratively part of the Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship.

Gmina Łubnice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Gmina Łubnice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Łubnice, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of Staszów and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 84.14 square kilometres (32.5 sq mi), and as of 2010 its total population is  4,382.
2011 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11
These are the profiles for the individual stages in the 2011 Tour de France, with Stage 1 on 2 July, and Stage 11 on 13 July.
In February 2012 following doping allegations a decision by the Court of Arbitration for Sport stripped of all results of Alberto Contador obtained in and later than the 2010 Tour de France, which led him to being stripped of that title, as well as his results in the 2011 Tour de France. His results have thus been removed here, with cyclists behind him moving up one spot.

Juan Antonio Flecha
Juan Antonio Flecha Giannoni (born 17 September 1977) is an Argentine-born Spanish former professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 2000 and 2013. Flecha had a reputation of being a Classics specialist and to ride with an aggressive style as he was keen on participating in breakaways. His major victories include winning a stage of the 2003 Tour de France, successes at the two defunct classics Züri-Metzgete and Giro del Lazio in 2004, and the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad in 2010. He was also known for his numerous high placings in important one-day races, most notably Paris–Roubaix, where he finished in the top ten eight times without registering the victory. In the Grand Tours, he was often assigned to a role of domestique.
Biometrika
Biometrika is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press for the Biometrika Trust. The editor-in-chief is Paul Fearnhead (Lancaster University). The principal focus of this journal is theoretical statistics. It was established in 1901 and originally appeared quarterly. It changed to three issues per year in 1977 but returned to quarterly publication in 1992.

David Cox (statistician)
Sir David Roxbee Cox FRS FBA FRSE FRSC (15 July 1924 – 18 January 2022) was a British statistician and educator. His wide-ranging contributions to the field of statistics included introducing logistic regression, the proportional hazards model and the Cox process, a point process named after him.

He was a professor of statistics at Birkbeck College, London, Imperial College London and the University of Oxford, and served as Warden of Nuffield College, Oxford. The first recipient of the International Prize in Statistics, he also received the Guy, George Box and Copley medals, as well as a knighthood.
Deo Fort
Deo Fort is a fort situated in Aurangabad district, Bihar near the town of Deo. It was commanded by the rulers of Deo Raj who were Sisodia Rajputs, originated from Mewar during the Mughal period (16th–17th centuries). They settled in southern Bihar and took control of the region. The last king of Deo Maharaja Jagnath Singh, he had two sons. The fort is located next to Deo Sun Temple and faces northwards. The last Raja, Jagannath Prasad Singh died on 16 April 1934, younger Queen took charge after his death and ruled up to 1947.

Aurangabad district, Bihar
Aurangabad district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India. It is currently a part of the Red Corridor. Aurangabad played a major role in the Indian independence struggle, and is also the birthplace of eminent nationalist & first Deputy Chief Minister of state, Bihar Vibhuti Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, a participant of Champaran Satyagraha who is regarded among makers of modern independent Bihar.
Lê Văn Hưng
Lê Văn Hưng (March 27, 1933 – April 30, 1975) was an infantry general of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. Hưng was perhaps best known as the "Hero of An Lộc" in 1972 when he commanded the 5th Division in defense of the city of An Lộc from the coordinated attacks of the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces in the Battle of An Lộc.

Battle of An Lộc
The Battle of An Lộc was a major battle of the Vietnam War that lasted for 66 days and culminated in a victory for South Vietnam. The struggle for An Lộc in 1972 was an important battle of the war, as South Vietnamese forces halted the North Vietnamese advance towards Saigon capital. This fighting which ensued became the most protracted conflict of the 1972 Easter Offensive.

During the first month of the battle, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 5th Division was outnumbered by a combined force consisting of three People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Viet Cong (VC) divisions. The An Lộc defenders were later reinforced by the elite 81st Ranger Group and the 1st Airborne Brigade, brought in by air after failing to pass the PAVN block at Tàu Ô.: 122  Other reinforcement was the 21st Division, which was plagued by a very slow move from the Mekong Delta and cleared QL-13 after protracted fighting.: J-26
Le Spectre de la rose
Le Spectre de la rose (The Spirit of the Rose) is a short ballet about a young girl who dreams of dancing with the spirit of a souvenir rose from her first ball. The ballet was written by Jean-Louis Vaudoyer who based the story on a verse by Théophile Gautier and used the music of Carl Maria von Weber's piano piece Aufforderung zum Tanz (Invitation to the Dance) as orchestrated by Hector Berlioz.

The ballet premiered in Monte Carlo on 19 April 1911, produced by the Ballets Russes ballet company.  Michel Fokine was the choreographer and Léon Bakst designed the original Biedermeier sets and costumes. Nijinsky danced The Rose and Tamara Karsavina danced the Young Girl. It was a great success. Spectre became internationally famous for the spectacular leap Nijinsky made through a window at the ballet's end.

Vaslav Nijinsky
Vaslav or Vatslav Nijinsky (12 March 1889/1890 – 8 April 1950) was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer of Polish ancestry. He is regarded as the greatest male dancer of the early 20th century. He is often associated with the Ballets Russes and its impresario Sergei Diaghilev, for which he choreographed such influential ballets as L'après-midi d'un faune (1912), Le Sacre du Printemps (1913), Jeux (1913), and Till Eulenspiegel (1916). He was celebrated for his virtuosity and for the depth and intensity of his characterizations. He could dance en pointe, a rare skill among male dancers at the time, and was admired for his seemingly gravity-defying leaps.
Mentewab
Mentewab (Ge'ez: ምንትዋብ; c. 1706 – 27 June 1773) was Empress of Ethiopia, consort of Emperor Bakaffa, mother (and regent) of Iyasu II and grandmother of Iyoas I. She was also known officially by her baptismal name of Walatta Giyorgis (Ge'ez: ወለተ ጊዮርጊስ). Mentewab was a major political figure during the reigns of her son the Emperor Iyasu and grandson Iyoas.  Empress Mentewab was also known by the honorific of Berhan Mogassa (Ge'ez: ብርሃን ሞገሳ).  This was to complement the honorific of her son Iyasu II, who was Berhan Seged.

Bakaffa
Bakaffa (Ge'ez: በካፋ) birth name: Missah; throne name Aṣma Giyorgis  (Ge'ez: ዐፅመ ጊዮርጊስ), later Masih Sagad (Ge'ez: መሲሕ ሰገድ)  was  Emperor of Ethiopia from 18 May 1721 to 19 September 1730, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was a son of Emperor Iyasu I and brother to Emperors Tekle Haymanot I and Dawit III.
The Village (1993 TV series)
The Village (1993) is a television series about the life and times of the villagers of Bentley, Hampshire, from 1993 to 2001.

It was initially broadcast as a radio programme on BBC Radio 4, Christmas 1990, and continued in 1991, 1992 and 1993 – a total of 50 radio broadcasts. A book was also written by Nigel Farrell, covering the original Radio 4 episodes: The Village: The Early Years (ISBN 978-0-563-38311-6).

Due to the success of the radio broadcast, the TV series began filming in summer 1993 and was broadcast on 3 October 1993 by ITV Meridian, later to be shown on BBC 2 and Sky. It was also exported to Australian and Norwegian TV. The series was produced by Paul Sommers for Tiger Aspect Productions. It was directed and narrated by Nigel Farrell. It ran for 102 episodes.

Bentley, Hampshire
Bentley is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. The parish has changed little over centuries and currently measures 2,299 acres (9.30 km2), the same size it measured in 1875: 33  when the population was 731 The village is north of the A31 road between Farnham and Alton, about five miles (8 km) southwest of Farnham and six miles (10 km) northeast of Alton. The village is served by Bentley railway station, which is about one mile (1.6 km) to the south, in the parish of Binsted against Alice Holt Forest.

There is one pub in the village, The Star Inn & a large village shop complete with cafe and a Post Office.
Dilber's Eight Days
Dilber's Eight Days (Turkish: Dilber'in Sekiz Günü) is a 2008 Turkish drama film, written and directed by Cemal Şan. It stars Nesrin Cevadzade as a young village woman who leaves with a stranger after being spurned by her lover. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on April 24, 2009 (2009-04-24), was shown in competition at the 45th Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (October 10–19, 2008) and was nominated at the 3rd Yeşilçam Awards (March 23, 2010). It is the second part of the Love Trilogy of films which includes Zeynep's Eight Days (2007) and Ali's Eight Days (2009).

3rd Yeşilçam Awards
The 3rd Yeşilçam Awards (Turkish: 3. Yeşilçam Ödülleri), presented by the Turkish Foundation of Cinema and Audiovisual Culture (TÜRSAK) and Beyoğlu Municipality, honored the best Turkish films of 2009 and took place on March 23, 2010, at the Lütfi Kırdar Congress and Exhibition Hall in Istanbul, Turkey. Veteran Turkish actress Filiz Akın received the Special Achievement Award.
Ballonet
A ballonet is an inflatable bag inside the outer envelope of an airship which, when inflated, reduces the volume available for the lifting gas, making it more dense. Because air is also denser than the lifting gas, inflating the ballonet reduces the overall lift, while deflating it increases lift. In this way, the ballonet can be used to adjust the lift as required.

Ballonets may typically be used in non-rigid or semi-rigid airships, commonly with multiple ballonets located both fore and aft to maintain balance and to control the pitch of the airship.

The image illustrates the principle of a balloon within a balloon. The outer balloon represents the airship's outer envelope or gasbag, while the red inner balloon represents the ballonet. In an airship the ballonet would be much smaller relative to the size of the gasbag; for example, in the French airship Lebaudy Patrie the volume of the ballonet was approximately one-fifth that of the envelope.

Blimp
A non-rigid airship, commonly called a blimp (/blɪmp/), is an airship (dirigible) without an internal structural framework or a keel. Unlike semi-rigid and rigid airships (e.g. Zeppelins), blimps rely on the pressure of their lifting gas (usually helium, rather than flammable hydrogen) and the strength of the envelope to maintain their shape. Blimps are known for their use in advertising, surveillance, and observation due to their maneuverability, slow speeds and steady flight capabilities.
Eddie Kirkland
Eddie Kirkland (August 16, 1923 – February 27, 2011) was an American electric blues guitarist, harmonicist, singer, and songwriter.

Kirkland, known as the "Gypsy of the Blues" for his rigorous touring schedules, played and toured with John Lee Hooker from 1949 to 1962. After his period of working in tandem with Hooker he pursued a successful solo career, recording for RPM Records, Fortune Records, Volt Records, and King Records, sometimes under the stage name Eddie Kirk. Kirkland continued to tour, write and record albums until his death in February 2011. His last performance, the night before his death, was at Dunedin Brewery, Florida.

Foghat
Foghat are an English rock band formed in London in 1971. The band are known for the use of electric slide guitar in their music. Their best known song is the 1975 hit "Slow Ride". The band have released 17 studio albums, including eight gold albums and one platinum, along with one double platinum live album. Despite several line-up changes, the band continue to record and perform.
Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick
The Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick is a centre-right conservative political party in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The party has its origins in the pre-Canadian Confederation Conservative Party that opposed the granting of responsible government to the colony. It has historically followed the Red Tory tradition. From the 2010s, the party underwent a shift to Blue Toryism after the election of Blaine Higgs as leader, who was premier from 2018 to 2024.

Richard Hatfield
Richard Bennett Hatfield PC ONB (April 9, 1931 – April 26, 1991) was a Canadian politician who served as the premier of New Brunswick from 1970 to 1987. He was the longest-serving premier in New Brunswick history.
Ukrainian nationalism
Ukrainian nationalism (Ukrainian: Український націоналізм, romanized: Ukrainskyi natsionalizm, pronounced [ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkɪj nɐts⁽ʲ⁾ionɐˈl⁽ʲ⁾izm]) is the promotion of the unity of Ukrainians as a people and the promotion of the identity of Ukraine as a nation state. The origins of modern Ukrainian nationalism emerge during the Cossack uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky in the mid-17th century. Ukrainian nationalism draws upon a single national identity of culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history.

Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists
The Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (Ukrainian: Конгрес українських націоналістів, romanized: Konhres ukrayinskykh natsionalistiv) is a far-right political party in Ukraine. It was founded on 18 October 1992 and registered with the Ministry of Justice on 26 January 1993. The party leader from its formation until her death in 2003 was Yaroslava Stetsko (people's deputy of three Verkhovna Rada conventions).
Margie (journal)
Margie, also known as the American Journal of Poetry, is an annual literary journal, based in Chesterfield, Missouri that features the work of the nation's leading poets. The journal was established in 2000 and is dedicated to the memory of Marjorie J. Wilson (1955-1977). The founder and editor-in-chief is Robert Nazarene. The journal sponsors several prestigious contests, including the annual Robert E. Wilson & Ruth I. Wilson Best Poetry Book Contest.

Among the notable writers whose work has appeared in Margie are Sherman Alexie, Jacob M. Appel, Julianna Baggott, Kate Braverman, W. S. Di Piero, Annie Finch, Alice Friman, Michael Harper, Terry Hertzler, Tony Hoagland, Allison Joseph, Ron Offen, Mark Rudman, Enid Shomer, David Wagoner, Laura Madeline Wiseman and R. Scott Yarbrough.

Ron Offen
Ronald C. “Ron” Offen (October 2, 1930 – August 9, 2010) was an American poet, playwright, critic, editor, and theater producer. He received an A.A. from Wright College in Chicago and an M.A. in English Language and Literature from the University of Chicago.
Sokolniki-Parcela
Sokolniki-Parcela [sɔkɔlˈniki parˈt͡sɛla] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ozorków, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Ozorków, 16 km (10 mi) north of Zgierz, and 24 km (15 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Ozorków
Gmina Ozorków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ozorków, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 95.17 square kilometres (36.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,540.
Beach Party
Beach Party is a 1963 American film and the first of seven beach party films from American International Pictures (AIP) aimed at a teen audience. This film is often credited with creating the beach party film genre.

Annette Funicello
Annette Joanne Funicello (Italian pronunciation: [funiˈtʃɛllo]) (October 22, 1942 – April 8, 2013) was an American actress and singer. She began her professional career at age 12, becoming one of the most popular Mouseketeers on the original Mickey Mouse Club. In her teenage years, Funicello had a successful career as a pop singer recording under the name "Annette". Her most notable singles are "O Dio Mio", "First Name Initial", "Tall Paul", and "Pineapple Princess". During the mid-1960s, she established herself as a film actress, popularizing the successful "Beach Party" genre alongside co-star Frankie Avalon.

In 1992, Funicello announced that she had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. She died of complications from the disease on April 8, 2013.