hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ryan Jacobs
Ryan Jacobs (born 1989) is an American writer, and magazine editor. He is best known for his reporting in The Atlantic, his editing at Pacific Standard, and his critically acclaimed first book, The Truffle Underground.

Pacific Standard
Pacific Standard, founded as Miller–McCune, was an American nonprofit magazine that reported on issues of social and environmental justice. Founded in 2008, the magazine was published in print and online for its first ten years. It was published by The Social Justice Foundation, headquartered in Santa Barbara, California. On August 16, 2019, a week after its primary funder backed away, it posted its last new article.
National Police of Niger
The National Police (French: Police Nationale) is the national civilian police force of Niger. The National Police are under the Ministry of Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization and report to the General Directorate of National Police. They are responsible for law enforcement in urban areas, the protection of government buildings and institutions, and the security of government leaders. Niger's gendarmerie, the Gendarmerie Nationale, is a separate agency under the Niger Armed Forces, and are responsible for policing in rural areas.

The National Police numbered approximately 5,000 in 2014. The Niger police emergency number is 17.

The National Police sponsor a semi-professional football club, AS Police, which plays in the Super Ligue.

Ministry of Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization (Niger)
The Ministry of Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization of the Government of Niger is the government authority responsible for policing, internal security and the ongoing process of decentralization of authority to the Regions, Departments, and Communes of Niger. The National Police and National Guard of Niger report to the Interior Minister.  Unlike the Interior ministry in some nations, courts, Justice, and prosecution are handled by the Ministry of Justice of Niger.  The Civil Defense Directorate, which coordinates disaster, fire, and civil defense responses nationwide reports to the Ministry of the Interior. The Ministry of the Interior is headed by the Minister of State for the Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization, a political appointment who sits in the Council of Ministers of Niger, reporting directly to the President of Niger.
Zhicheng
Zhicheng (Chinese: 枝城) is a town in Yidu County-level city, Yichang Prefecture-level city, Hubei Province, China. It is situated on the right (southern) shore of the Yangtze River, some 15 km southeast from downtown Yidu.

As of 2005, it had a population of 159,000.

Zhicheng has one Yangtze River crossing, the Zhicheng Yangtze River Bridge, which connects Zhicheng with Gujiadian Town (顾家店镇), of Zhijiang city, on the north side of the river. The bridge carries the Jiaozuo–Liuzhou Railway and a provincial highway.

Yichang
Yichang (Chinese: 宜昌), alternatively romanized as Ichang, is a prefecture-level city located in western Hubei province, China. Yichang had a population of 3.92 million people at the 2022 census, making it the third most populous city in Hubei. The city is famous for the Three Gorges, the Three Gorges Dam and the Gezhouba Dam, all three of which are located in Yiling District, one of the city's districts.
Kulik, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Kulik [ˈkulik] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Pisz, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Kulik has an area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi). As of 2011 its population is 250 with a density of 31.25/km2 (80.9/sq mi). 48% of the population is male while 52% is female.

Gmina Pisz
Gmina Pisz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Pisz, which lies approximately 88 kilometres (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 634.8 square kilometres (245.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 27,224 (out of which the population of Pisz amounts to 19,332, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,892).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Masurian Landscape Park.
Pearl in the Shell
"Pearl in the Shell" is a song by the English synth-pop musician Howard Jones, released on 18 May 1984 by WEA Records as the fourth and final single from his debut studio album, Human's Lib (1984). It reached number 7 on the UK singles chart. It features a saxophone solo by Davey Payne of Ian Dury and the Blockheads.

Unlike Jones' previous singles, the twelve-inch single did not feature an extended mix of the main track, though an extended mix later appeared on The 12″ Album (1984). Instead, the track "Total Conditioning" was an extended version of the song "Conditioning" also taken from Human's Lib, featuring additional lyrics lifted from most of the other songs on that album.

The 12″ Album
The 12″ Album is an album of 12-inch mixes by the English synth-pop musician Howard Jones, released on 26 November 1984 by WEA Records. It was released between his first two studio albums, Human's Lib (1984) and Dream into Action (1985). At the time, it was the only album to feature the single "Like to Get to Know You Well", which had been a hit four months earlier.

The album reached number 15 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the BPI.
Frederick G. Weiss
Frederick Gustav Weiss (born 1939) is a retired professor of philosophy at Purdue University. He is one of the founding members of Hegel Society of America and the first editor of its journal The Owl of Minerva.

The Owl of Minerva (journal)
The Owl of Minerva is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on the work and legacy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. it is the official journal of the Hegel Society of America.

Along with Hegel Bulletin, Owl of Minerva played a major role as a discussion ground, in revival of the contemporary Hegel studies in the English-speaking world.
Sweetness of wine
The subjective sweetness of a wine is determined by the interaction of several factors, including the amount of sugar in the wine, but also the relative levels of alcohol, acids, and tannins. Sugars and alcohol enhance a wine's sweetness, while acids cause sourness and bitter tannins cause bitterness. These principles are outlined in the 1987 work by Émile Peynaud, The Taste of Wine.

According to the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), wines can be classified based in their sugar content. A wine is considered dry when it contains no more than 4g/L of glucose plus fructose or when its acidic strength is at least 2g/L relative to glucose plus fructose. Medium dry wines have a sugar content higher than that of dry wines. Mellow or semi-sweet wines contain more sugar than the medium dry wines but no more than 45g/L. Sweet wines contain at least 45g/L of glucose plus fructose.

Must
Must is freshly crushed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. The solid portion of the must is called pomace and typically makes up 7–23% of the total weight of the must. Making must is the first step in winemaking. Because of its high glucose content, typically between 10 and 15%, must is also used as a sweetener in a variety of cuisines. Unlike commercially sold grape juice, which is filtered and pasteurized, must is thick with particulate matter, opaque, and comes in various shades of brown and purple. The name comes from the Latin vinum mustum; lit. 'young wine'.
Siren of Bagdad
Siren of Bagdad is a 1953 Technicolor fantasy adventure film produced by Sam Katzman and directed by Richard Quine set in the medieval Iraq. It stars Paul Henreid as a travelling Master magician who seeks to recover his troop of beautiful dancing girls who are to be sold into slavery. Patricia Medina portrays his love interest who seeks to overthrow the corrupt Grand Vizier with the magician's help.
Hans Conried plays the sidekick to Quine's magician, who is transformed into a beautiful blonde woman who spies and distracts the Grand Vizier while retaining Conried's voice.

Sam Katzman
Sam Katzman (July 7, 1901 – August 4, 1973) was an American film producer and director. Katzman's specialty was producing low-budget genre films, including serials, which had disproportionately high returns for the studios and his financial backers. In the 1930s, he produced numerous Western films for Victory Pictures and Puritan Pictures, and in the 1940s, he produced 22 East Side Kids features for Monogram Pictures. As well as producing the Jungle Jim series, in the 1950s, Katzman and his studio Clover Productions made science fiction, horror, and teen films for Columbia Pictures, including Creature with the Atom Brain (1955), Rock Around the Clock, Earth vs. the Flying Saucers, The Werewolf (all 1956), and The Giant Claw (1957). Katzman also produced two musicals starring Elvis Presley for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM): Kissin' Cousins (1964) and Harum Scarum (1965).
King's Cliffe
King's Cliffe (variously spelt Kings Cliffe, King's Cliff, Kings Cliff, Kingscliffe) is a village and civil parish on Willow Brook, a tributary of the River Nene, about 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Corby in North Northamptonshire. The parish adjoins the county boundary with the City of Peterborough and the village is about 12 miles (19 km) west of the city centre. The village is not far from the Northamptonshire boundaries with both Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire, and is about 6 miles (10 km) south of Stamford.

Willow Brook (River Nene)
The Willow Brook is a tributary of the River Nene. Its entire course is in the English county of Northamptonshire.

The Willow Brook rises north of Corby where, until 1980, water was extracted for use at Corby Steelworks. It then flows through or near Deene, Bulwick, Blatherwycke, King's Cliffe and Woodnewton and joins the Nene downstream from Fotheringhay.

In the early 1970s, a spate of pollution incidents left the river with high levels of zinc sulphate leading to the eradication of the stone loach population within the watercourse.
Rock Hill Mall
Rock Hill Mall was an enclosed regional shopping mall located in Rock Hill, South Carolina. It opened in 1968. Most tenants, including all of its retail anchors, left the mall when the newer Rock Hill Galleria opened nearby in 1991. After the closure of the vast majority of the mall in the 1990s, nearly all of it sat vacant and decaying for almost a decade as a dead mall, until it was finally demolished in late 2006.

Rock Hill, South Carolina
Rock Hill is the most populous city in York County, South Carolina, United States, and the 5th-most populous city in the state. It is also the 4th-most populous city of the Charlotte metropolitan area, behind Charlotte, Concord, and Gastonia (all located in North Carolina). As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 74,372.

The city is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Charlotte and approximately 70 miles (110 km) north of Columbia.

Rock Hill offers scenic riverfront views along the Catawba River and is home to numerous nature trails, restaurants, and thirty-one parks which are used for both national and local events. Its historic downtown consist of twelve contiguous buildings built as early as 1840 offering dining and retail options. The city is also home to three colleges, including Winthrop University, a public liberal arts university founded in 1886 which enrolls nearly 6,000 students annually.
Tolohomiady
Tolohomiady is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ihosy, which is a part of Ihorombe Region. The population of the commune was 3,768 in 2018.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice: other important products are peanuts and cassava.

Ihosy District
Ihosy is a district in south-eastern Madagascar. It is a part of Ihorombe Region and borders the districts of Ikalamavony in north, Ambalavao in northeast, Ivohibe in east, Iakora in southeast, Betroka in south, Benenitra in southwest, Sakaraha and Ankazoabo Sud in west and Beroraha in the South West. The area is 17,358 km2 (6,702 sq mi) and the population was 292,880 in 2018.
Rhos United F.C.
Rhos United Football Club is a Welsh football club based in Rhos-on-Sea. They currently play in the North Wales Coast East Premier Division. They have also played in the Welsh Cup, most recently in 2025–26, where they lost in the second qualifying round.

Rhos-on-Sea
Rhos-on-Sea (Welsh: Llandrillo-yn-Rhos) is a seaside resort and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The population was 7,593 at the 2011 census. It adjoins Colwyn Bay and is named after the Welsh kingdom of Rhos established there in late Roman Britain as a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd. It later became a cantref (hundred).
Blaze of Noon
Blaze of Noon is a 1947 aviation adventure film directed by John Farrow and based on writer and aviator Ernest K. Gann's best-selling novel Blaze of Noon (1946), a story about early air mail operations. The screenplay was from well-known writer and aviator Frank "Spig" Wead and Arthur Sheekman and starred Anne Baxter, William Holden, Sonny Tufts and William Bendix.

Ernest K. Gann
Ernest Kellogg Gann (October 13, 1910 – December 19, 1991) was an American aviator, author, sailor, and conservationist. He is best known for his novels and memoirs about early aviation and nautical adventures. Some of his more famous aviation novels include The High and the Mighty and Island in the Sky, both of which were turned into Hollywood movies starring John Wayne. Gann's classic memoir of early commercial aviation, Fate Is the Hunter, is still in print today and considered by many as one of the greatest aviation books ever written. Some of Gann's nautical-themed novels include Fiddler's Green and Soldier of Fortune, which were also turned into major motion pictures.
Summit Metro Parks
Summit Metro Parks is a Metroparks system serving the citizens of Summit County, Ohio by managing 14,000 acres (5,700 ha) in 16 developed parks, six conservation areas and more than 150 miles (240 km) of trails, with 22.4 miles (36.0 km) of the Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail.

The park district is fully supported by a levy, which voters are periodically asked to approve. Rangers are commissioned peace officers who provide safety and security by enforcing the park district's rules, regulations, state, and local laws.

Munroe Falls, Ohio
Munroe Falls is a city in east-central Summit County, Ohio, United States, along the Cuyahoga River. The population was 5,044 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb of Akron and is part of the Akron metropolitan area.
Stephen Stohn
John Stephen Stohn, CM (born May 8, 1948) is an American-born Canadian entertainment lawyer and television producer. He is best known for his involvement with the Degrassi teen drama franchise, particularly as an executive producer on Degrassi: The Next Generation. Until 2018 he was the president of Epitome Pictures Inc., which he and his wife Linda Schuyler founded in 1992 and was sold to DHX Media in 2014. On June 7, 2019, he was installed as Chancellor of Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario.

Christopher Ward (songwriter)
Christopher William Ward (born 28 July 1949) is a Canadian songwriter and broadcaster, known as a former long-standing on-air personality at MuchMusic, Canada's music video network, where he and J.D. Roberts were among the first video jockeys in 1984. Ward was a judge on The Next Star which was a Canadian reality television show on YTV.

As a recording artist, Ward charted several singles in Canada between 1976 and 1981.  As a songwriter, he achieved notable success with Alannah Myles' recording of "Black Velvet", which reached number 1 on the US charts in 1990.  He has also written songs recorded by Diana Ross, Backstreet Boys, Wynonna Judd, Amanda Marshall, Tina Arena, Peter Cetera, Anne Murray and Meredith Brooks, amongst others.
L'Aigle Creek
L’Aigle Creek is a waterway in Bradley County, Arkansas. It is 44.2 miles long. It flows into the Saline River, which is a tributary of the Ouachita River.

The watershed of the creek covers a large portion of Bradley County, Arkansas. L’Aigle Creek meets the EPA water quality standards.

The Ouachita River flows through the Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge. The Saline River and the L’Aigle Creek flow within the boundaries of the refuge. The Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge is subject to flooding in the spring. Heavy rain can cause the water levels in the creek and river to rise. This flooding can be beneficial for some species. Flooding can be a challenge for wildlife and people living in the area.

L'Aigle is French for "the eagle."

Bradley County, Arkansas
Bradley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,545. The county seat is Warren. It is Arkansas's 43rd county, formed on December 18, 1840, and named for Captain Hugh Bradley, who fought in the War of 1812.

Bradley County is a dry county, which means that the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited within the county. However, some cities within the county, such as Warren and Hermitage, may have their own laws allowing for the sale of alcohol within their city limits.
1972 NHL amateur draft
The 1972 NHL amateur draft was the tenth NHL entry draft. It was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Quebec.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Richard Brodeur, who played his last NHL game in the 1987–88 season.

Minnesota North Stars
The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, Minnesota, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white. The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times, including two Stanley Cup Final appearances, where they were defeated by the New York Islanders in 1981 and the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1991. After the 1992–93 season, the franchise moved to Dallas, and the team was renamed the Dallas Stars.
Legende (opera)
Legende is a Dutch-language 2006 opera in 3 acts by Peter-Jan Wagemans which premiered in 2011 at Dutch National Opera. The opera is based on the illustrated book Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois (known in Dutch as Meester Prikkebeen and in English as “The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck”) written and drawn by the Swiss author Rodolphe Töpffer (1799-1846). The book combines comic stories about the titular butterfly-collector with more serious stories.

The opera was hailed by reviewers as a rare success for a Dutch-language opera.

Peter-Jan Wagemans
Peter-Jan Wagemans (The Hague, September 7, 1952) is a Dutch composer.

Wagemans studied organ (diploma 1974), composition with Jan van Vlijmen (diploma 1975) and music theory (diploma 1977) at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague. After his studies he also worked with Klaus Huber in Freiburg.

According to Wagemans' philosophy, music is shaped in the observation of the listener. Therefore, Wagemans tries to focus on ways a work can be recognised, rather than on its fundamental structure. He generally makes use of what he prefers to call musical archetypes, unifying ambivalent elements.

Peter-Jan Wagemans is one of the founders of the Rotterdam School. He teaches composition and music theory at the Rotterdam Conservatory since 1984.

Wagemans founded the Dutch Doelen Ensemble and for some years was also the artistic director of the Amsterdam-based Holland Symfonia.
Lebesgue's density theorem
In mathematics, Lebesgue's density theorem states that for any Lebesgue measurable set , the "density" of  is 0 or 1 at almost every point in . Additionally, the "density" of  is 1 at almost every point of .   Intuitively, this means that the boundary of , the set of points in  for which all neighborhoods are partially in  and partially outside , is of measure zero.

Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.
Charlie Chan's Secret
Charlie Chan's Secret is a 1936 American mystery film directed by Gordon Wiles and starring Warner Oland, Henrietta Crosman and Rosina Lawrence. It is the tenth film in Fox's Charlie Chan series featuring Oland as the detective.

Gordon Wiles
Gordon Wiles (October 10, 1904 – October 17, 1950) was an American art director and film director. He won an Oscar for Best Art Direction for the film Transatlantic. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. His father, Albert Wiles, was a doctor in Jerseyville, Illinois.
Tsukiji fish market
Tsukiji Market (築地市場, Tsukiji shijō) is a former seafood market and major tourist attraction in Tokyo.
Located in Tsukiji in central Tokyo between the Sumida River and the upmarket Ginza shopping district,  the area contains retail markets, restaurants, and associated restaurant supply stores. Before 2018, it was the largest wholesale fish and seafood market in the world.
The market opened on 11 February 1935 as a replacement for an older market that was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. It was closed on 6 October 2018, with wholesale operations moving to the new Toyosu Market. The old market was demolished and will be rebuilt into a new complex featuring a stadium for the Yomiuri Giants of the Nippon Professional Baseball.

The market was supervised by the Tokyo Metropolitan Central Wholesale Market (東京都中央卸売市場, Tōkyō-to Chūō Oroshiuri Shijō) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs.

Tourism in Tokyo
Tourism is a major industry in Tokyo. In 2006, there were 420 million visits by  Japanese people and 4.81 million visits by foreigners. The economic value of tourist visits to Tokyo totaled ¥9.4 trillion yen.

after a slow down due to closed borders due to COVID from early 2020 to the later part of 2020, in 2022 Tokyo saw a growth of 542 million visits to Tokyo by Japan residents, and 33.13 million visits from overseas.

Many tourists visit the various urban districts, stores, and entertainment districts throughout the neighborhoods of the special wards of Tokyo.