hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ghil'ad Zuckermann
Ghil'ad Zuckermann (Hebrew: גלעד צוקרמן, pronounced [ɡilˈ(ʔ)ad ˈt͡sukeʁman]; (1971-06-01)1 June 1971) is an Israeli language revivalist and linguist who works in contact linguistics, lexicology and the study of language, culture and identity.

Zuckermann was awarded the Rubinlicht Prize (2023) "for his research on the profound influence of Yiddish on modern Hebrew", and listed among Australia's top 30 "living legends of research" (2024) by The Australian.

He is the Chair of the Jury for the Jeonju International Awards for Promoting Intangible Cultural Heritage (since 2024).

Lexicology
Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that analyzes the lexicon of a specific language. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language that can stand on its own, and is made up of small components called morphemes. Lexicology examines every feature of a word – including formation, spelling, origin, usage, and definition.

Lexicology also considers the relationships that exist between words. In linguistics, the lexicon of a language is composed of lexemes, which are abstract units of meaning that correspond to a set of related forms of a word. Lexicology looks at how words can be broken down as well as identifies common patterns they follow.

Lexicology is associated with lexicography, which is the practice of compiling dictionaries.
KKKill the Fetus
KKKill the Fetus is the third studio album by Esham. Released in 1993, the album's lyrics focus on subjects such as abortion and murder. The album, which has been cited as an iconic horrorcore album, has been praised for its genre-defining production and lyrics. It is considered to be Esham's critical breakthrough, compared to lackluster reviews of his previous albums. The single "Sunshine" received very heavy radio play nationally. The music video for "Hellterskkkelter" was featured on an episode of Yo! MTV Raps in 1994, and was given out at an autograph signing at Rock of Ages in rare VHS form during the promotional launch.

Esham
Esham Attica Smith (born September 20, 1973), known mononymously as Esham, is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. Emerging as one of the first ever hip hop artists from Detroit, Esham released his debut studio album, Boomin' Words from Hell, in 1989 at the age of 16. Since then, he has gone on to release 21 full-length studio albums in total and is best known as a representative of the hip hop subgenre horrorcore. In 1992, he co-founded the horrorcore group Natas. He and his brother James Smith founded and ran the Detroit hip hop label Reel Life Productions.

As one of the first rappers to receive attention in the city, Esham was often cited as a major influence on another Detroit horrorcore act, Insane Clown Posse. Esham is known for incorporating elements of rock music in his beats, and his lyrics cover a number of subjects, including death, drug use, evil, paranoia and sex. Esham refers to his style of music as "acid rap".
Edwin Harrison McHenry
Edwin Harrison McHenry (January 25, 1859 – August 21, 1931) was the fourth vice-president of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad and first vice-president of the Consolidated Railway of  Hartford, Connecticut. Prior to joining the New Haven, McHenry had been chief engineer and a receiver of the Northern Pacific Railway and later the chief engineer of the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Homestake Pass
Homestake Pass is a mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of Montana in the United States. It sits on the Continental Divide on the border between Jefferson County and Silver Bow County, six miles south-southeast of Butte in Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest at an elevation of 6,329 feet (1,929 m). The pass carries Interstate 90 across the Continental Divide and is the highest point on the 3,020-mile (4,860 km) highway.
Daewoo Precision Industries K2
Daewoo Precision Industries K2 assault rifle is the service rifle of the South Korean military. It was developed by the South Korean Agency for Defense Development and manufactured by SNT Motiv (formerly Daewoo Precision Industries) and Dasan Machineries (since 2016). Shoulder-fired and gas-operated, the K2 is capable of firing both 5.56×45mm NATO and .223 Remington ammunition; however, using .223 Remington is only recommended for practicing for short distance.

The K2 supplanted the M16A1 assault rifle as the primary infantry weapon for the South Korean military since its adoption in 1985, though the former remains in service with reservists.

Agency for Defense Development
The Agency for Defense Development (ADD; Korean: 국방과학연구소) is the South Korean government agency for research and development in defense technology, funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA). It was established in August 1970 under the banner of the self-reliant national defense promoted by President Park Chung Hee.

Its purpose is contributing to enforcing the national defence, to improving the national R&D capacity, and to fostering the domestic defense industry. ADD focuses on core weapons systems and core technology development, and studies major weapons platforms in high-risk and non-economical fields, unmanned and advanced, and new weapon systems for the future.

ADD is responsible for first South Korean ballistic missile Nike Hercules Korea-1 aka White/Polar Bear, developed in the 1970s with its first successful test in 1978.

ADD is the operator of South Korea's first dedicated military satellite, ANASIS-II, launched on 20 July 2020 by a Falcon 9 rocket.
Pavel Vranský
Brigadier General Pavel Vranský (29 April 1921 – 24 June 2018) was a Czech airman who served with the Royal Air Force during World War II.

Vranský was born in Lipník nad Bečvou. After leaving school in 1939, he went to Poland, where he joined the Czechoslovak Legion. A Soviet prisoner from September 1939 until 1941, he was sent with the Czechoslovak 11th Infantry Battalion to fight in Syria and Tobruk. At the end of 1942, he joined the RAF and trained as an onboard radio operator.

In 2017, he was made a brigadier general by President of the Czech Republic Miloš Zeman.

Vranský died on 24 June 2018 and was buried at the Olšany Cemetery in Prague.

Lipník nad Bečvou
Lipník nad Bečvou (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪpɲiːk ˈnad bɛtʃvou]; German: Leipnik) is a town in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 8,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Mercedes-Benz Citaro
The Mercedes-Benz Citaro is a low-floor single-decker, rigid or articulated bus manufactured by Mercedes-Benz/EvoBus. Introduced in 1997, the Citaro is available in a range of configurations, and is in widespread use throughout Europe and parts of Asia, with more than 55,000 produced by December 2019.

London General
London General Transport Services Limited, trading as Go-Ahead London, is a bus company operating in Greater London. The London General brand is a subsidiary of Go-Ahead London and operates services under contract to Transport for London. The company is named after the London General Omnibus Company, the principal operator of buses in London between 1855 and 1933.
Kraichgau Railway
The Kraichgau Railway (German: Kraichgaubahn [ˈkʁaɪçɡaʊbaːn] ⓘ) is a 64.8 km long railway line in the region of Kraichgau in northwestern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It runs from Karlsruhe via Bretten and Eppingen to Heilbronn and was built in 1880. It gained international  renown in 1992 as the first dual-system rail/tram route of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn, the section between Karlsruhe and Bretten being the prototype for the so-called Karlsruhe model.

Kraichgau
The Kraichgau (German: [ˈkʁaɪçɡaʊ] ⓘ) is a hilly region in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany.  It is bordered by the Odenwald and the Neckar to the North, the Black Forest to the South, and the Upper Rhine Plain to the West.  To the east, its boundary is considered to be the Stromberg and the Heuchelberg.

The largest towns of the Kraichgau are Sinsheim, Eppingen, and Bretten. On the western end of the Kraichgau is the town of Bruchsal, the gateway to the Rhineland plains.

The mild climate and fertile soils allow for rural land use for orchards, vineyards and arable farming. Geographic features of the area include the Neckar and Enz river valleys and the Stromberg-Heuchelberg Nature Park.

The hilly region hosts an Ironman competition.
I Am Rome
I Am Rome: A Novel of Julius Caesar (Spanish: Roma soy yo. La verdadera historia de Julio César) is a 2022 historical novel by the Spanish writer Santiago Posteguillo. It is the first in a planned series of six novels about Julius Caesar.

Santiago Posteguillo
Santiago Posteguillo Gómez is a Spanish philologist, linguist and author, born in Valencia in 1967.  He has become known for a number of novels set in Ancient Rome, especially his Scipio Africanus and Trajan trilogies.
Feeling Nuts Movement
The Feeling Nuts movement is a social media campaign created by Check One Two in London, to encourage young men to regularly check their testicles for early signs of testicular cancer. The campaign went viral when the public and celebrities began sharing pictures and videos of crotch grabs using the hashtag #feelingnuts and became a TV event on Channel 4. The campaign involves both social media and television.

Cara Delevingne
Cara Jocelyn Delevingne (/ˈkɑːrə ˌdɛləˈviːn/ KAH-rə DEL-ə-VEEN; born 12 August 1992) is an English model and actress. She signed with Storm Management after leaving school in 2009. Delevingne won Model of the Year at the British Fashion Awards in 2012 and 2014, and has also received three Teen Choice Awards and nominations for a British Independent Film Award and an MTV Movie & TV Award.

Delevingne started her acting career with a minor role in the 2012 film adaptation of Anna Karenina by Joe Wright. Her most notable roles include Margo Roth Spiegelman in the romantic mystery film Paper Towns (2015), the Enchantress in the comic book film Suicide Squad (2016), and Laureline in Luc Besson's Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets (2017).
Nijmegen Lent railway station
Nijmegen Lent is a railway station located in Lent, just north of Nijmegen, Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 June 2002 and is located on the Arnhem–Nijmegen railway. The train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.

The station opened in 2002 was actually a temporary station for 11 years. On 25 July 2013 the new, permanent, station was opened which features lifts. This station is located 250m further south than the temporary station.

Nijmegen
Nijmegen (/ˈnaɪmeɪɡən/ NY-may-gən, Dutch: [ˈnɛimeːɣə(n)] ⓘ; Nijmeegs: Nimwèège [ˈnɪmβ̞ɛːçə]) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands and the first to be recognized as such in Roman times. In 2005, it celebrated 2,000 years of existence.

Nijmegen became a free imperial city in 1230 and a Hanseatic city in 1402. Since 1923 it has been a university city with the opening of a Catholic institution now known as the Radboud University Nijmegen. The city is well known for the annual Vierdaagse — the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen event.

Its population as of 2024 was 187,011.
Psychedelic Lollipop
Psychedelic Lollipop is the debut album by the American rock band the Blues Magoos, and is one of the first records to have the word “psychedelic” on the sleeve. Their single “(We Ain't Got) Nothin' Yet” was their most successful effort, rising into the Top 10 on many national charts. Guitarist Emil “Peppy” Thielhelm was 16 years old at the time of the single’s release.

"Sometimes I Think About" is credited to members of the band, but is actually a traditional folk song.

Tobacco Road (song)
"Tobacco Road" is a blues song written and first recorded by John D. Loudermilk in December 1959 and released in 1960.  This song became a hit for The Nashville Teens in 1964 and has since become a standard across several musical genres.
Paula Wilcox
Paula Wilcox (born 13 December 1949) is an English actress. She played Chrissy Plummer in the ITV sitcom Man About the House from 1973 to 1976, and also had roles in TV shows such as The Lovers, Miss Jones and Son, The Queen’s Nose, The Smoking Room, Emmerdale, Mount Pleasant, Boomers, Upstart Crow and Girlfriends. From 2020 to 2023, Wilcox appeared as Elaine Jones in Coronation Street.

Girlfriends (2018 TV series)
Girlfriends is a British comedy-drama television series, first broadcast on ITV on 3 January 2018. It follows the lives of three middle-aged women who have been friends since their teenage years. The series was written, created and directed by Kay Mellor. The drama was not renewed for a second series.
Pigga Keskitalo
Pigga Päivi Kristiina Keskitalo (born 1972, Utsjoki) is a member of the Sámi Parliament of Finland and education researcher at the University of Helsinki, University of Lapland, and the Sámi University.

Sámi University of Applied Sciences
Sámi University of Applied Sciences (Northern Sami: Sámi allaskuvla, Norwegian: Samisk høgskole) is a university that is located in the village of Kautokeino in Kautokeino Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It was established in 1989 and has about 200 students and 110 faculty, technical and administrative staff. It is one of 25 Norwegian state university colleges. Since 2009 it has been located at the campus complex of Diehtosiida.

Sámi University of Applied Sciences has a national responsibility for Sámi higher education, including education within teaching and journalism. The college attempts to develop its syllabi on the basis of Sámi needs, and attempts to develop Sámi as an academic language. The college has students from all four countries covered by Sápmi.
Zorro (1957 TV series)
Zorro (also known as Disney's Zorro) is an American action-adventure Spanish Western television series produced by Walt Disney Productions and starring Guy Williams. Based on the Zorro character created by Johnston McCulley in his 1919 novella, the series premiered on October 10, 1957, on ABC. The final network broadcast was July 2, 1959. Seventy-eight episodes were produced, and four hour-long specials were aired on the Walt Disney anthology series between October 30, 1960, and April 2, 1961.

The series is set in Los Angeles of 1820, when it was still part of Spanish California and before Mexican independence. Zorro aids Hispanic settlers and indigenous peoples oppressed by the local rulers. A remastering, in which color was added, was released in 1992.

Westerns on television
Television Westerns are programs with settings in the later half of the 19th century in the American Old West, Western Canada and Mexico during the period from about 1860 to the end of the so-called "Indian Wars". More recent entries in the Western genre have used the neo-Western subgenre, placing events in the modern day, or the space Western subgenre, but still draw inspiration from the outlaw attitudes prevalent in traditional Western productions.

When television became popular in the late 1940s and 1950s, Westerns quickly became an audience favorite, with 30 such shows airing at prime time by 1959. Traditional Westerns faded in popularity in the late 1960s, while new shows fused Western elements with other types of shows, such as family drama, mystery thrillers, and crime drama. In the 1990s and 2000s, slickly packaged made-for-TV movie Westerns were introduced.
Hays County Courthouse
The Hays County Courthouse is an historic courthouse located in San Marcos, Hays County, Texas. It was built in the Classical Revival style in 1908.  It is recognized by both the National Register of Historic Places and Texas Historical Commission.

San Marcos, Texas
San Marcos (/ˌsæn ˈmɑːrkəs/) is a city and the county seat of Hays County, Texas, United States. The city is a part of the Greater Austin Metropolitan Area. San Marcos's limits extend into Caldwell and Guadalupe counties, as well. San Marcos is on the Interstate 35 corridor between Austin and San Antonio. Its population was 44,894 at the 2010 census and 67,553 at the 2020 census.
Founded on the banks of the San Marcos River, the area is thought to be among the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the Americas. San Marcos is home to Texas State University and the Meadows Center for Water and the Environment.

In 2010, San Marcos was listed in Business Week's fourth annual survey of the "Best Places to Raise your Kids". In 2013 and 2014, the United States Census Bureau named it the fastest-growing city in the United States. In December 2013, it was named number nine on Business Insider's list of the "10 Most Exciting Small Cities In America".
The Woman in the Case (1916 American film)
The Woman in the Case is a 1916 American silent drama film produced by the Famous Players Film Company and distributed through Paramount Pictures. Hugh Ford directed star Pauline Frederick as Margaret Rolfe. Clyde Fitch's 1905 play of the same name is the source material for this production and on Broadway the Margaret Rolfe role was played by Blanche Walsh. An Australian film of the same name based on Fitch's play was also produced in 1916 and is now lost. This American film, recently rediscovered in a European archive, survives but is missing the last reel.

Filmed again by Paramount in 1922 as The Law and the Woman with Betty Compson and as a talkie in 1932 as The Wiser Sex.

Hugh Ford (director)
Hugh Ford (February 5, 1868 – December 29, 1942) was an American stage actor, director, and producer. He performed on stage as an actor from 1889 through 1904. From 1898 on he also directed plays: for stock companies, the F. F. Proctor organization, Liebler & Company, and later as an independent through 1932. His Broadway credits span over forty years as performer and creative crew; he also adapted and wrote several plays, and an article on modern stagecraft as employed in early films. He worked in the silent film industry for eight years, directing 31 films and writing for 19 between 1913 and 1921. This film experience later proved useful when he directed and co-produced the Kaufman and Connelly Broadway hit, Merton of the Movies, which ran an entire season for nearly 400 performances. Ford retired in 1932, devoting himself to landscape art until his death ten years later.
Brad Keselowski
Bradley Aaron Keselowski (/kɛzˈlaʊski/; born February 12, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver, team owner, and entrepreneur. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 6 Ford Mustang Dark Horse for RFK Racing, a team he also co-owns. He was the owner of Brad Keselowski Racing, which fielded two full-time trucks in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series for 10 years.

Keselowski, who began his NASCAR career in 2004, is the second of only six drivers to win a championship in both the Cup Series and the Xfinity Series and the twenty-fifth driver to win a race in each of NASCAR's three national series.

Keselowski is the owner and founder of Keselowski Advanced Manufacturing, a hybrid manufacturing company based in Statesville, North Carolina, specializing in additive metal technologies as well as CNC machining.

Miller Lite
Miller Lite is a 4.2% ABV reduced calorie light American lager beer produced by Molson Coors.  It was introduced in 1973 in limited markets by the Miller Brewing Company (then owned by Philip Morris, Inc.) and began being distributed nationally in 1975. Miller Lite was the most popular new product in the history of the American beer industry. Its success prompted most other brewers to introduce their own reduced calorie "light" beers. As a result, sales of light beer in the United States went from a negligible amount before Miller Lite was introduced in 1973 to forty-four percent of the United States beer market by 2002.
Hurvat Amudim
Hurvat Amudim or Sde Amudim was an ancient village, now an archaeological site, in Israel, located south-east of the Beit Netofa Valley, on the eastern side of Highway 65 between Golani Interchange and Kadarim Junction.

Beit Netofa Valley
The Beit Netofa Valley, or Sahl al-Battuf (Hebrew: בקעת בית נטופה, Arabic: سهل البطوف) is a valley in the Lower Galilee region of Israel, midway between Tiberias and Haifa. Covering 46 km2, it is the largest valley in the mountainous part of the Galilee and one of the largest in the southern Levant.
Stonedogs
Stonedogs is the first novel by New Zealand writer Craig Marriner. It was published in 2001 and has won a Montana New Zealand Book Award. The book has been described as "a kind of A Clockwork Orange-meets-Once Were Warriors as imagined by Irvine Welsh". In 2003, the film rights were sold to Australian production company Mushroom Pictures, but no film has eventuated.

Stonedogs is structurally unusual; some text takes the form of a play with stage directions, and there are sudden shifts from narrator's voice to outside observer. Pages of inner narrative are italicised. For Marriner, "It was important to do something that would be seen as innovative in terms of structure and format, to come up with mediums which are slightly alternative to what's been done. I saw devices which hadn't been used and I couldn't see why they hadn't." Stonedogs received critical acclaim, winning the Deutz Medal for Fiction in 2002 in the Montana New Zealand Book Awards.

Ockham New Zealand Book Awards
The Ockham New Zealand Book Awards are literary awards presented annually in New Zealand. The awards began in 1996 as the merger of two literary awards events: the New Zealand Book Awards, which ran from 1976 to 1995, and the Goodman Fielder Wattie Book Awards, which ran from 1968 to 1995 (known as the Montana Book Awards from 1994 to 1995).

The awards have changed name several times depending on sponsorship. From 1996 to 2009, the awards were known as the Montana New Zealand Book Awards, and sponsored by Montana Wines. From 2010 until 2014, the awards were known as the New Zealand Post Book Awards. Since 2015, the main sponsors have been property developer Ockham Residential, the Acorn Foundation, Creative New Zealand, Mary and Peter Biggs, Booksellers Aotearoa New Zealand and biotech company MitoQ. The awards event is the opening event of the Auckland Writers Festival, held annually in May.
Studio Berçot
Studio Berçot was a private training institute in fashion design, established in 1954, and based in Paris, France.
In summer 2023 it stopped operating independently and was integrated into Paris College of Art.

Isabel Marant
Isabel Marant (born 12 April 1967) is a French fashion designer, owner of the eponymous fashion brand. She won the Award de la Mode (1997), the Whirlpool Award for best female designer (1998), Fashion Designer of the Year at British Glamour's Women of the Year Awards (2012). She was named Contemporary Designer of the Year at the Elle Style Awards in 2014. Her collaboration with H&M in 2013 was so successful that company's website crashed under the demand and the collection was sold out within 45 minutes. Celebrities wearing Marant's designs include Alexa Chung, Katie Holmes, Victoria Beckham, Kate Moss, Sienna Miller, Kate Bosworth and Rachel Weisz.