hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
31st/42nd Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment
The 31st/42nd Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment (31/42 RQR) is a Reserve infantry battalion of the Australian Army. One of three battalions of the Royal Queensland Regiment, it was formed in early 2008 through the amalgamation of the 31st Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment and the 42nd Battalion, Royal Queensland Regiment, 31/42 RQR draws its personnel from various locations in Northern and Central Queensland and currently forms part of the 11th Brigade.

Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the Australian Military Forces. In 1980, however, the current name—Australian Army Reserve—was officially adopted, and it now consists of a number of components based around the level of commitment and training obligation that its members are required to meet.
John Campbell Greenway
John Campbell Greenway (July 6, 1872 – January 19, 1926) was an American businessman and senior officer of the U.S. Army Reserve who served with Colonel Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish–American War and commanded infantry in World War I. He was the husband of U.S. congresswoman Isabella Greenway.

Ephraim McDowell
Ephraim McDowell (November 11, 1771 – June 25, 1830) was an American physician and pioneer surgeon. The first person to successfully remove an ovarian tumor, he has been called "the father of ovariotomy" as well as founding father of abdominal surgery.
Grocholice, Gmina Lipnik
Grocholice [ɡrɔxɔˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipnik, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Lipnik, 8 km (5 mi) south of Opatów, and 59 km (37 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Lipnik
Gmina Lipnik is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipnik, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Opatów and 64 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 81.7 square kilometres (31.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,751.
Ludwig Roselius
Ludwig Roselius (2 June 1874 – 15 May 1943) was a German coffee merchant and founder of the company Kaffee HAG.  He was born in Bremen and is credited with the development of commercial decaffeination of coffee.  As a patron, he supported artists like Paula Modersohn-Becker and Bernard Hoetger and turned the Böttcherstrasse street in Bremen into an artwork.

Decaffeination
Decaffeination is the removal of caffeine from coffee beans, cocoa, tea leaves, and other caffeine-containing materials. Decaffeinated products are commonly termed by the abbreviation decaf. To ensure product quality, manufacturers are required to test the newly decaffeinated coffee beans to make sure that caffeine concentration is relatively low. A caffeine content reduction of at least 97% is required under United States FDA standards. A 2006 study found decaffeinated drinks to contain typically 1–2% of the original caffeine content, but sometimes as much as 20%.
MV Gran Cacique IV
MV Gran Cacique IV is a high speed passenger ferry that is operated in Venezuela by Gran Cacique II.  She originally operated for the Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority as Flying Cloud.

She was built by Derecktor Shipyards at a cost of $8 million and entered service in 2000.  Almost immediately after delivery, she began to  experience engine failures, which plagued her for most of her Steamship Authority service.  She received new engines before her final year in operation for the Authority in 2006, by which point she had missed over 800 scheduled trips.  She was replaced by MV Iyanough in 2007.  In June 2008, Gran Cacique II purchased Flying Cloud for $3.9 million, after which she was renamed to Gran Cacique IV in 2011.

Gran Cacique IV is 134.5 feet (41.0 m) long, with a service speed of 36 knots (41 mph), and has a passenger capacity of 300.

Steamship Authority
The Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority, doing business as The Steamship Authority (SSA), is the statutory regulatory body for all ferry operations between mainland Massachusetts and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, as well an operator of ferry services between the mainland and the islands. It is the only ferry operator to carry automobiles to and from the islands. The Authority also operates several freight vessels, thus serving as the main link for shipping any commercial goods that are not transported using the airports on Nantucket or Martha's Vineyard.
Avon County Council
Avon County Council was the county council of the non-metropolitan county of Avon in south west England. It came into its powers on 1 April 1974 and was abolished on 1 April 1996 at the same time as the county. The county council was based at Avon House in Bristol. It was replaced with four authorities: Bristol City Council, South Gloucestershire Council, North Somerset Council and Bath and North East Somerset Council.

Bath and North East Somerset Council
Bath and North East Somerset Council is the local authority for Bath and North East Somerset, a local government district in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. The council is a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under Liberal Democrat majority control since 2019. It meets at the Guildhall in Bath, and has offices in Bath, Keynsham and Midsomer Norton.
Fairy chess
Fairy chess is the area of chess composition in which there are some changes to the rules of chess. It may involve changes to the board, pieces, or rules to express an idea or theme impossible in orthodox chess. An altered piece used in fairy chess is known as a fairy chess piece. The term fairy chess was introduced by Henry Tate in 1914. Thomas R. Dawson (1889–1951), the "father of fairy chess", invented many fairy pieces and new conditions. He was also problem editor of Fairy Chess Review (1930–1951).

Although the term fairy chess is sometimes used for games, it is more usually applied in the context of problems. Variations on chess intended to create complete, playable games are more typically referred to as chess variants.

Helpmate
A helpmate is a type of chess problem in which both sides cooperate in order to achieve the goal of checkmating Black.  In a helpmate in n moves, Black moves first, then White, each side moving n times, to culminate in White's nth move checkmating Black. (In a helpmate in 2 for example, sometimes abbreviated h#2, the solution consists of a Black move, a White move, a second Black move, then a second White move, giving checkmate.) Although the two sides cooperate, all moves must be legal according to the rules of chess.

The example problem illustrated is a helpmate in 8 (or h#8) by Zdravko Maslar, published in Die Schwalbe in 1981. The solution is (recall that in helpmate solutions, Black's move is given first):

1. Kf3 Kd3 2. Bb3 Kc3 3. Ke4+ Kd2 4. Kd4 Ke2 5. Kc3 Nb4 6. Kb2 Kd2 7. Ka1 Kc1 8. Ba2 Nc2#
Rajin station
Rajin station is a railway station in Rajin-guyŏk, Rasŏn Special City, North Korea. It is the junction point and terminus of both the Hambuk and P'yŏngra lines of the Korean State Railway. It is also the starting point of a freight-only branchline to Rajin Port station.

Rajin-guyok
Rajin-guyŏk (Korean pronunciation: [ɾadʑin ɡujʌk]) is a North Korean ward on Rason in the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea) in the North Pacific Ocean on the northeast tip of North Korea. It is in the Kwanbuk region and location in the south of Rason. North of it lies the North Korea–Russia border.
Howard C. Tibbals
Howard Charles Tibbals (August 10, 1936 – March 20, 2022) was the artist and sculptor who created The Howard Bros. Circus, a 3/4-inch-to-one-foot scale replica of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.  The replica is now located on the Ringling Estate, in Sarasota, FL.

Tibbals was born in 1936.  He saw his first circus at age 3.  In 1943 he watched the circus unload from trains and began playing circus.  For his 12th birthday, in 1948, he was given a lathe and jigsaw, which he used in his model building.  Tibbals begin creating the circus's big top in 1956.  He built his first circus wagon in 1959 (wagon #40).  Most of the circus was completed in 1974, but it was not premiered until 1982, at the World's Fair in Knoxville, TN.  As of 2004, the entire circus is on display at the Ringling Estate, in Sarasota, FL.

Howard Tibbals died on March 20, 2022, at his home in Sarasota, Florida.

The Howard Bros. Circus
The Howard Bros. Circus is a ¾-inch-to-the-foot scale replica of Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus located on the Ringling Estate in Sarasota, Florida.  It includes a complete reproduction of the entire circus (circa the 1920s).
Wiesengrund railway station
Wiesengrund railway station (German: Bahnhof Wiesengrund) is a railway station in the municipality of Wängi, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) Frauenfeld–Wil line of Appenzell Railways, and is served as a request stop by local trains only.

Frauenfeld–Wil Railway
The Frauenfeld–Wil Railway (German: Frauenfeld–Wil–Bahn, fwb) s a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge railway line  in Switzerland, which connects the town of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau, to the town of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen, following the valley of the river Murg. The fwb opened the line in 1887 and operated it until 2021, when that company merged into Appenzell Railways. The line is included in fare network OSTWIND, and operates as service S15 of the St. Gallen S-Bahn.

Plans to build an interurban tramway between Frauenfeld and Wil were first made in the early 1850s. The rail line opened in 1887, and was electrified in 1921. Around 1.25 million passengers use the line every year.

Locals call the train "Wilerbähnli" or "Wiler Bähnli".
John Eisendrath
John Eisendrath is an American television series producer and writer. He created and served as the executive producer and showrunner for the series Outlaw, Playmakers, and The Blacklist. More recently, Eisendrath signed a new three-year overall deal with Sony Pictures Television through 2025.

The Blacklist: Redemption
The Blacklist: Redemption is an American crime thriller television series that aired on NBC from February 23 to April 13, 2017. A spin-off from the NBC series The Blacklist, The Blacklist: Redemption stars Famke Janssen as Susan Scott "Scottie" Hargrave, president of Halcyon Aegis, a private military company with teams of corporate operatives, and Ryan Eggold as Tom Keen. Eggold appeared in The Blacklist and returned to it after completing his role in The Blacklist: Redemption. After an episode of The Blacklist served as a backdoor pilot, the new series was ordered by NBC in May 2016. NBC cancelled the series after one season on May 12, 2017 due to low ratings.
Thirlwall Prize
Since 1884, the Thirlwall Prize was instituted at Cambridge University in the memory of Bishop Connop Thirlwall, and has been awarded during odd-numbered years, for the best essay about British history or literature for a subject with original research. It was instituted on the condition that a foundation a medal is awarded in alternate years for the best dissertation involving original historical research, together with a sum of money to defray the expenses of publication. From 1885, the Prince Consort Prize was awarded in alternate years.

Connop Thirlwall
Connop Thirlwall (11 January 1797 – 27 July 1875) was an English churchman, who served as Bishop of St David's in Wales from 1840 to 1874. A noted scholar of history and literature, he is known for pioneering the concept of dramatic irony in the context of studying the ancient Greek tragedian Sophocles.
You Who Will Emerge From the Flood
You Who Will Emerge From The Flood is the world's first underwater opera.

It premiered at the Victoria Baths in Manchester, England in May 2009.  It was created by performance artist and opera singer Juliana Snapper and composer Andrew Infanti. Costumes were designed by Susan Matheson. This site-specific work has since been staged in the U.S., Slovenia, England, Portugal, Poland, Switzerland, and Australia.

Susan Matheson
Susan Matheson is a costume designer. She designed costumes for the films, The Kingdom, Friday Night Lights, Blue Crush, Crazy/Beautiful, Honey, Panic and Best Laid Plans.  She has designed for three films starring Will Ferrell, including Step Brothers,
 Semi-Pro, and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby. She designed costumes for the film Couples Retreat (2009).
Hardcore Heaven (1994)
Hardcore Heaven (1994) was the first Hardcore Heaven event. It was promoted by Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW) on August 13, 1994 in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Nine professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Terry Funk fought Cactus Jack to a no contest after The Public Enemy interfered and attacked both men. The show had a notable ending, which saw the audience throw dozens of folding chairs into the ring, burying Public Enemy.

Excerpts from Hardcore Heaven aired on episode #70 and #71 of ECW Hardcore TV on August 16 and 23, 1994. In July 2019, the event was made available for streaming on the WWE Network. The bout between Cactus Jack and Terry Funk was included on the 2013 WWE DVD and Blu-ray release ECW Unreleased: Vol 2.

Rocco Rock
Theodore James Petty (September 1, 1953 – September 21, 2002) was an American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name "Flyboy" Rocco Rock. Rock is best known for his appearances in Eastern Championship Wrestling / Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) alongside Johnny Grunge as the Public Enemy during the 1990s. He was a four-time ECW World Tag Team Champion, a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion, and a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion.
Kamo Vardanyan
Kamo Bahaturi Vardanyan (Armenian: Կամո Բահատուրի Վարդանյան; born 18 March 1966) is an Armenian military officer from the Republic of Artsakh. He served as the last Minister of Defence of Artsakh and Chief of Staff of the Artsakh Defence Army.

Artsakh Defence Army
The Defense Army of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության բանակ, romanized: Artsakhi Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan banak, also Defense Army of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh), also known as Artsakh Defence Army (or Nagorno-Karabakh Defence Army) was the defence force of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. Established in 1992, it united previously disorganized defence units which were formed in the early 1990s.

It was disbanded on 20 September 2023 under the terms of the Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement following the 2023 Azerbaijani military offensive.
The Sacrifice Game
The Sacrifice Game is a 2023 American horror film directed by Jenn Wexler, who also co-wrote the film with Sean Redlitz. It stars Mena Massoud, Olivia Scott Welch, and Gus Kenworthy.

The Sacrifice Game premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival on July 28, 2023, and was released on the streaming service Shudder on December 8, 2023.

Fantasia International Film Festival
The Fantasia International Film Festival, also known as Fantasia Fest or simply Fantasia, is an annual film festival founded in 1996 and held primarily in Montreal, Canada. It specializes in genre films, including fantasy, horror, science fiction, and cult cinema, and draws over 100,000 attendees each year.

Fantasia is frequently cited as the leading genre film festival in North America, and is considered one of the top three genre festivals worldwide, alongside Sitges and Fantastic Fest. Its mission is to promote genre, anti-Hollywood cinema and assist independent filmmakers, having launched the careers of many modern auteurs throughout the years.

Since 2012, the festival has also held the Frontières cinema market that allows promising projects to find potential producers and distributors. Since 2016, Frontières has partnered with the Marché du Film, led by the Cannes Film Festival, and from 2026, with the European Film Market at the Berlin International Film Festival.
Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada
The association between the monarchy of Canada and Indigenous peoples in Canada stretches back to the first interactions between North American Indigenous peoples and European colonialists and, over centuries of interface, treaties were established concerning the monarch and Indigenous nations. First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada have a unique relationship with the reigning monarch and, like the Māori and the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand, generally view the affiliation as being not between them and the ever-changing Cabinet, but instead with the continuous Crown of Canada, as embodied in the reigning sovereign.

These agreements with the Crown are administered by Canadian Aboriginal law, overseen by the minister of Crown–Indigenous relations, and expressed through numerous meetings and ceremonies, as well as exchanges of gifts and honours, involving Indigenous leaders, the monarch, his viceroy or viceroys, and/or other members of the Canadian royal family.

Ralph Steinhauer
Ralph Garvin Steinhauer, OC (born Ralph Garvin Apow; June 8, 1905 – September 19, 1987) was a Canadian politician, the tenth lieutenant governor of Alberta, and the first Aboriginal person to become a lieutenant governor in Canada.
Srikalahasti
Srikalahasti is a town in Tirupati district located in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the revenue division of Srikalahasti mandal and Srikalahasti revenue division. It is a part of the Tirupati Urban Development Authority, which is located on the banks of the River Swarnamukhi.

Srikalahasti revenue division
Srikalahasti revenue division is an administrative division in the Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.This division headquarters is located at Srikalahasti .It is one of the three revenue divisions in the district and comprises eight mandals. It was formed on 4 April 2022 along with the newly formed Tirupati district.
Fax art
Fax art is art specifically designed to be sent or transmitted by a facsimile machine, where the "fax art" is the received "fax".  It is also called telecommunications art or telematic art. According to art historians Annmarie Chandler and Norie Neumark, "Fax art was another means of mediating distances".

Fax art was first transmitted in 1980, but that was not documented until 1985. On January 12, 1985, Joseph Beuys together with Andy Warhol and the Japanese artist Kaii Higashiyama participated in the "Global-Art-Fusion" project, a fax art project initiated by the conceptual artist Ueli Fuchser, in which a fax was sent with drawings of all three artists within 32 minutes around the world – from Düsseldorf (Germany) via New York (US) to Tokyo (Japan), received at Vienna's Palais Liechtenstein Museum of Modern Art. This fax was a statement of peace during the Cold War in the 1980s. The earliest scholarly note of fax art in art history was in 1990 by Karen O'Rourke.

Karen O'Rourke
Karen O'Rourke is an artist and Emeritus Professor at Jean Monnet University in Saint-Etienne. Her personal work tends to relate artistic practice to the notions of network, archiving and territory. She has published numerous articles in journals (Leonardo, Livraison, Aperture, La revue du Cube, AI & Society, Figures de l'art, Plastik, etc.) and collective works (Art-Réseaux, Territoires, Art++). She is the author of two works of synthesis; Walking and Mapping: Artists as Cartographers (MIT Press, 2013) and From arts-networks to programmed drifts: the relevance today of “art as experience”.
Lincoln Beachey
Lincoln Beachey (March 3, 1887 – March 14, 1915) was a pioneer American aviator and barnstormer. He became famous and wealthy from flying exhibitions, staging aerial stunts, helping invent aerobatics, and setting aviation records.

He was known as The Man Who Owns the Sky, and sometimes the Master Birdman. Beachey was acknowledged even by his competitors as "The World's Greatest Aviator". He was "known by sight to hundreds of thousands and by name to the whole world".

Barnstorming
Barnstorming was a form of entertainment in which stunt pilots performed tricks individually or in groups that were called flying circuses. Devised to "impress people with the skill of pilots and the sturdiness of planes," it became popular in the United States during the Roaring Twenties.

Barnstormers were pilots who flew throughout the country to sell airplane rides and perform stunts. Charles Lindbergh first began flying as a barnstormer. Barnstorming was the first major form of civil aviation in the history of manned flight.
Landman (TV series)
Landman is an American drama series created by Taylor Sheridan and Christian Wallace, inspired by the podcast series Boomtown hosted by Wallace. Starring Billy Bob Thornton as a landman for an oil company, the show premiered on November 17, 2024, on Paramount+. In March 2025, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on November 16, 2025. In December 2025, the series was renewed for a third season. Despite some elements igniting controversy, the series has been received positively by critics overall.

J. R. Villarreal
J. R. Villarreal (born September 28, 1992) is an American actor, producer, and second-line director, best known for his roles as Javier in the 2006 film Akeelah and the Bee, Black Scorpion on the Disney Channel action-comedy series Ultra Violet & Black Scorpion, and Tio Tonio on Netflix's On My Block-spinoff series Freeridge.
Clément-Joseph Hannouche
Clément-Joseph Hannouche (27 March 1950 – 9 April 2020) was an Egyptian Syriac Catholic hierarch, Bishop of Cairo since 1995.

Hannouche was born in Egypt and was ordained to the priesthood in 1976. He served as bishop of the Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Cairo, Egypt, from 1996 until his death in 2020. He also had jurisdiction in the Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Dependency of Sudan and South Sudan.

Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Dependency of Sudan and South Sudan
The Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Dependency of Sudan and South Sudan is missionary pre-diocesan jurisdiction of the Eastern Catholic Syriac Catholic Church (sui iuris, Antiochian Rite in Syriac language) covering Sudan and South Sudan.
Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença
Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença (SP-101) is a state highway in the State of São Paulo which connects the cities of Campinas, Hortolândia, Monte Mor, Elias Fausto and Capivari. Its first 25 kilometers are double-laned, the rest is still single-laned. The road has a high traffic because along its way there are several large companies in the services and industry sectors, such as EMS Sigma Farma, Dow Chemical, Bosch, IBM and others. It is also known as Rodovia Campinas-Monte Mor.

Campinas
Campinas (/kæmˈpiːnəs/ kam-PEE-nəs, Brazilian Portuguese: [kɐ̃ˈpinɐs]; lit. 'Plains, Meadows') is a city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, located 84 kilometers northwest of the city of São Paulo. As of 2024, the city's population is estimated at 1,185,977, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian city and the third most populous in São Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area encompasses twenty municipalities with a total population of 3,491,150 people.