hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hammett acidity function
The Hammett acidity function (H0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute aqueous solutions for which the pH scale is useful.

In highly concentrated solutions, simple approximations such as the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation are no longer valid due to the variations of the activity coefficients. The Hammett acidity function is used in fields such as physical organic chemistry for the study of acid-catalyzed reactions, because some of these reactions use acids in very high concentrations, or even neat (pure).

Louis Plack Hammett
Louis Plack Hammett (April 7, 1894 – February 9, 1987) was an American physical chemist. He is known for the Hammett equation, which relates reaction rates to equilibrium constants for certain classes of organic reactions involving substituted aromatic compounds. He is also known for his research into superacids and his development of a scheme for comparing their acidities based on what is now known as the Hammett acidity function. The Curtin–Hammett principle bears his name.

The awards he obtained included the Priestley Medal in 1961, the Willard Gibbs Award in 1961, the National Medal of Science in 1967, and in 1975 the Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science.

Hammett grew up in Portland, Maine, and studied in Harvard and Switzerland. He earned his Ph.D. at Columbia University. He authored an influential textbook on physical organic chemistry, and is credited with coining the term.
Iva Stewart
Iva Stewart (1914–1985) was an American model and film actress. She was Miss Maine, and competed in Miss America 1933.

Stewart moved to Hollywood where she had a mixture of supporting roles and more minor appearances in glamorous roles in studio films. Amongst her appearances was in the 20th Century Fox series film Mr. Moto Takes a Vacation.

Mr. Moto Takes a Vacation
Mr Moto Takes A Vacation (1939) is a Norman Foster-directed entry in the Mr. Moto film series, with Lionel Atwill and Joseph Schildkraut and George P. Huntley, Jr, as Archie Featherstone, in supporting roles.

This was the last Mr. Moto film that Peter Lorre appeared in. The movie was the seventh filmed in the series. However it was not released until after Mr. Moto in Danger Island, which was the last filmed out of eight Mr. Moto films from 20th Century Fox.
Armed Forces Movement
The Armed Forces Movement (Portuguese: Movimento das Forças Armadas; MFA) was an organization of lower-ranking officers in the Portuguese Armed Forces that overthrew the Estado Novo dictatorship on 25 April 1974 with the Carnation Revolution and ended the Portuguese Colonial War in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau, which led to the independence of those countries and Portugal's other overseas territories of Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and East Timor. The MFA instituted the National Salvation Junta as the provisional government from April 25 1974 to March 14 1975, and then by the Revolutionary Council until 1976.

Constitution of Portugal
The Constitution of Portugal, officially the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic (Constituição da República Portuguesa), is the supreme law of Portugal. It superseded the Estado Novo's 1933 Constitution on 25 April 1976 after the Carnation Revolution.

The Constitution was preceded by a number of constitutions including the first one created in 1822 (following the Liberal Revolution of 1820), 1826 (drawn up by King Dom Pedro IV), 1838 (after the Liberal Wars), 1911 (following the 5 October 1910 revolution), and 1933 (after the 28 May 1926 coup d'état).
Pat Maginnis
Patricia Theresa "Pat" Maginnis (June 9, 1928 – August 30, 2021) was considered the first abortion rights activist in American history. She was one part of the "Army of Three", the grass-roots collective that would eventually become NARAL Pro-Choice America and that founded the Society for Humane Abortion. She was also a political cartoonist, painter, and peace activist. In 2018, she was chosen by the National Women's History Alliance as one of its honorees for Women's History Month in the United States.

Reproductive Freedom for All
Reproductive Freedom for All, formerly National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws (NARAL) and NARAL Pro-Choice America, and commonly known as NARAL (/ˈnɛərəl/ NAIR-əl), is a non-profit 501(c)(4) organization in the United States. It lobbies, takes political action, and advocates to oppose restrictions on abortion, expand access to legal abortion and birth control, and support paid parental leave and protection against pregnancy discrimination. NARAL links to the NARAL Pro-Choice America Foundation, a 501(c)(3) group, and the NARAL Pro-Choice America PAC, a political action committee. Founded in 1969, NARAL is the oldest extant abortion rights advocacy group in the United States, though predated by defunct groups like the Society for Humane Abortion and the Association for the Study of Abortion.
Lasörling
The Lasörling is a mountain,  3,098 m (AA), and the highest summit in the eponymous range that stretches from the Virgental to the Defereggental valleys opposite the Großvenediger.
Occasionally the mountain is also called the "Großer Lasörling" ("Great Lasörling) because it has a double summit - its southeast top reaching a height of 3,055 m above sea level (AA).
The main top was formerly also called the Bergerspitze, and the southeast top the Musspitze or Virgen Lasörling.

The easiest ascent of the mountain begins in the valley of Virgental and runs through the Mullitztal valley to the Lasörling Hut. This climb is glacier-free, but requires sure-footedness and has climbing sections rated at grade I.

Lasörling Group
The Lasörling Group (German: Lasörlinggruppe) is a subgroup of the Central Alps within the Eastern Alps. The boundaries of this mountain range in East Tyrol are principally delineated by the valleys of the Virgental in the north and the Defereggental in the south. According to the agreement by the Alpine clubs in 1984 the Lasörling Group is part of the Venediger Group, forming its southeastern part. In older classifications of the Eastern Alps, the Lasörling Group was counted as part of the Defereggen Mountains (Villgraten Mountains). The highest summit of the Lasörling Group is the  Lasörling (3,098 m (AA)) which gives the range its name. Sometimes the neighbouring Panargenkamm is also seen as part of the Lasörling group. Its highest mountain is the Keeseck (3,173 m (AA)).

Municipalities within which the Lasörling Group falls are Matrei in Osttirol, Virgen and Prägraten am Großvenediger in the Virgental, and (Hopfgarten, Sankt Veit and Sankt Jakob) in the Defereggental.
Akademia Nauk
Akademia Nauk (Russian: Академия Наук - Academy of Sciences) is a volcano located in the southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, next to the stratovolcano of Karymsky. The volcano is filled with a few calderas, and the most notable one is known as Karymsky Lake (named after Karyms).

The volcano is named after the Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к, the Russian (Soviet) Academy of Sciences. Its only recorded historical eruption occurred on January 2–3, 1996. Karymsky was also erupting during the same time, which continued into April 1996.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Paku Alam IX
Paku Alam IX, 9th Duke of Pakualaman (7 May 1938 – 21 November 2015) was the Duke (Pangeran Adipati) of Pakualaman, a Javanese Principality in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. His court name before he became Paku Alam IX was Bendara Raden Mas Ambarkusumo. He succeeded as Paku Alam upon the death of the last ruler, his father Paku Alam VIII, on 11 September 1998, and was formally installed as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Paku Alam IX on 26 May 1999.

Like his predecessor, he was also served as the vice-governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta under Sultan Hamengkubuwana X.

Paku Alam IX resided in Paku Alaman palace in Yogyakarta. He died on 21 November 2015 after being admitted to a hospital five days earlier.

He is buried in the family cemetery in Girigondo in the nearby Kulon Progo district.

On 7 January 2016, his eldest son Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo (KGPH) Suryodilogo succeeded him as Paku Alam X.

Pakualaman
The Principality of Pakualaman (also written Paku Alaman; Dutch-spelling: Pakoe-alaman) is a minor Javanese princely state within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. It was created in 1812 when Natakusuma (later Prince Paku Alam I) was rewarded for helping the British quell the conflict in Yogyakarta in June 1812. It became the mirror image of Mangkunegaran in the territory of the Surakarta Sunanate.

A Pakualaman Corps of 100 cavalry (later 50 cavalry and 100 infantry) was established, but was never to become as significant as the Mangkunegaran Legion, and disbanded in 1892. Due to Paku Alam VIII's role in the Indonesian independence movement, a law was passed to allow the position of vice-governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region to be filled hereditarily by the reigning Prince Paku Alam at any particular time, while the Sultans of Yogyakarta fills the role of Governor on a hereditary basis.
Ponderosa (Sheffield)
The Ponderosa is a recreation area within the City of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Although not a public park it was designated as Open Space by Sheffield City Council in the 1993 Unitary Development Plan. It covers an area of over 25 acres (10 ha) and is located at 53°23′12″N 1°29′11″W﻿ / ﻿53.3868°N 1.4865°W﻿ / 53.3868; -1.4865, 0.9 miles (1.5 km) west of the city centre between the districts of Upperthorpe and Netherthorpe. Although the name "Ponderosa" was originally an informal name given by local children, it is now the accepted title and is recognised by the local council. Along with Weston Park and Crookes Valley Park it is one of the three "Crookesmoor Parks".

Netherthorpe, Sheffield
Netherthorpe is a suburb of the City of Sheffield in England. It is one mile (1.6 km) west of the city centre. It is mostly an area of local government built housing situated on a considerable slope running downhill from the Brook Hill roundabout, at a height of 350 feet (107m), towards the Shalesmoor roundabout at a height of 160 feet (50m) over a distance of half a mile (1 km). It is bounded by the suburbs of Upperthorpe to the north, Crookesmoor to the west and the dualled Inner Ring Road (Netherthorpe Road) to the east. The suburb falls within the Walkley ward of the City.
Sary Shagan
Sary Shagan (Russian: Сары-Шаган; Kazakh: Сарышаған) is an anti-ballistic missile testing range located in Kazakhstan.

On 17 August 1956 the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union authorized plans for an experimental facility for missile defence located at Sary Shagan, on the west bank of Lake Balkhash. The first missile launched from the facility was a V-1000 on 16 October 1958, but the facilities for full-scale testing were not ready until 1961. Sary Shagan remains in use, with the latest known launch on 2 December 2022. The town of Sary Shagan was a closed city until 2005. The administrative centre, Priozersk remained a closed city.

The length of the site is 480 km.

The Sary Shagan range was the intended landing site for the sample return canister of the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission.

Priozersk, Kazakhstan
Priozersk is a closed city located on the northern shores of Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan. It serves as the administrative center of Sary Shagan anti-ballistic missile testing site.

Priozersk is located in Karaganda Region (central Kazakhstan), approximately 620 kilometers to the south-east of the Karaganda and 747 kilometers from Astana. The Cambala Airport lies in the suburbs.

Population: 13,479 (2009 census results); 11,033 (1999 census results). By nationality, the city is 46% Russian, 39% Kazakh, 6% Ukrainian, and 9% other.  The town is closed to visits by foreign citizens.
Win Myint (politician, born 1954)
Wunna Kyawhtin Win Myint (Burmese: ဝင်းမြင့်) is a Burmese politician, businessman and former Minister for Commerce of Myanmar. He is also owner of the Shwe Nagar Min Company, Zeyashwemye Football Club and former chairman of the Union of Myanmar Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (UMFCCI).

Ministry of Commerce (Myanmar)
The  Ministry of Commerce (MOC) is a Burmese government agency that plays a vital role in the transformation process of the implementation of a market-oriented economic system. Its headquarters is located at Building 3 and 52, Nay Pyi Taw, in Myanmar.
Walkin' in My Lane
"Walkin' in My Lane" is a song recorded by Japanese singer Milet, released May 25, 2022, by SME Records. The song served as the theme song for Japanese drama Involvement in Family Affairs and was Milet's first CD single. Upon its release, "Walkin' in My Lane" peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 and number ten on the Oricon Singles Chart.

Milet (singer)
Milet (ミレイ, Mirei) is a Japanese singer and songwriter. She made her major debut in 2019 with Inside You EP. The EP peaked at number 16 on the Oricon Albums Chart. After releasing five EPs, she released first studio album Eyes in 2020. The album hit number one on both Oricon and Japan's Billboard chart, certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan for sales of 100,000.
San Francisco Bay Blackhawks
San Francisco Bay Blackhawks were a professional soccer team which came into existence in 1989 as a team in the Western Soccer League (WSL).  The Blackhawks spent time in the American Professional Soccer League (APSL) and the United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL).  In 1993, the team competed in USISL as the San Jose Hawks, but left organized competition at the end of the season.

Marcelo Balboa
Marcelo Balboa (born August 8, 1967) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a defender in the 1990s for the United States national team, becoming its captain. He is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

After retiring from playing, he has worked as a commentator for ESPN and ABC and MLS games on HDNet and Altitude, as well as FIFA World Cup games on Univision. He is the head boys' soccer coach for Monarch High School in Louisville, Colorado,
Ed Setrakian
Ed Setrakian (born October 1, 1928) is an American film, television and theatre actor. He is known for appearing in the films Tough Guys Don't Dance and Zodiac and the television programs  The Sopranos (in the episode Where's Johnny?) and Person of Interest (in two episodes as Grifoni). He has also played four different roles in the Law & Order franchise.

Tough Guys Don't Dance (film)
Tough Guys Don't Dance is a 1987 crime mystery drama film written and directed by Norman Mailer based on his novel of the same name. It is a murder mystery/film noir piece. It was screened out of competition at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.

The film received a mixed reaction from critics and was a box office bomb. It was also nominated for four 1988 Independent Spirit Awards.
2017–18 South Dakota State Jackrabbits men's basketball team
The 2017–18 South Dakota State Jackrabbits men's basketball team represented South Dakota State University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Jackrabbits, led by second-year head coach T. J. Otzelberger, played their home games at Frost Arena in Brookings, South Dakota as members of the Summit League. They finished the season 28–7, 13–1 in Summit League play to win the Summit League regular season championship. In the Summit League tournament, they defeated Western Illinois, North Dakota State, and South Dakota to become Summit League Tournament champions. They received the Summit League's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the first round to Ohio State.

2017–18 North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team
The 2017–18 North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team represented North Dakota State University in the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bison, led by fourth-year head coach David Richman, played their home games at the Scheels Center in Fargo, North Dakota as members of the Summit League. They finished the season 15–17, 5–9 in Summit League play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They defeated Fort Wayne in the quarterfinals of the Summit League tournament before losing in the semifinals to South Dakota State.
What's That
"What's That" is the second and final single by the English band the Madness from their 1988 eponymous studio album. It was released in the UK only on 7" and 12" vinyl, and also as a 10" vinyl picture disc.

The single was a commercial failure, peaking at No. 92 and lasting two weeks on the chart, dropping to No. 98 the following week after its debut. It was the first release by Madness or any of its spin-off bands not to reach the top 75 in the UK. It was also the first release by Madness to not have an accompanying music video since The Prince, attributed to lack of faith in the band by Virgin.

Madness (band)
Madness are an English ska and pop band from Camden Town, north west London, who formed in 1976. One of the most prominent bands of the late-1970s/early-1980s two-tone ska revival, they continue to perform with six of the seven members of their original line-up. Madness's most successful period was from 1980 to 1986, when the band's songs spent a total of 214 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, jointly holding the record with English reggae group UB40 for most weeks spent by a group in the UK singles chart during the 1980s.

Madness have had 16 singles reach the UK top ten, including "One Step Beyond", "Baggy Trousers" and "It Must Be Love"; one UK number-one single, "House of Fun"; and two number ones in Ireland, "House of Fun" and "Wings of a Dove". "Our House" was their biggest US hit, reaching number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2000, the band received the Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors for Outstanding Song Collection.
Black Sheep (play)
Black Sheep is a 2001 play by American playwright Lee Blessing. It concerns a black man raised by a wealthy white family who returns home after being released from prison for shooting his half-brother.

Lee Blessing
Lee Knowlton Blessing (born October 4, 1949) is an American playwright best known for his 1988 work, A Walk in the Woods. A lifelong Midwesterner, Blessing continued to work in regional theaters in and around his hometown of Minneapolis through his 40s before relocating to New York City.
Ensley Llewellyn
Ensley M. Llewellyn (1905–1989) was a United States military officer credited for reestablishing Stars and Stripes when it resumed publication in 1942, following a hiatus after World War I. He later served as adjutant general of the Washington National Guard.

Stars and Stripes (newspaper)
Stars and Stripes is a daily American military newspaper reporting on matters concerning the members of the United States Armed Forces and their communities, with an emphasis on those serving outside the United States. It operates from inside the Department of Defense, but is editorially separate from it, and its First Amendment protection is safeguarded by the United States Congress to whom an independent ombudsman, who serves the readers' interests, regularly reports. As well as a website, Stars and Stripes publishes a global daily print edition for U.S. military service members serving overseas Monday through Friday. This global edition is also available as a free download in electronic format. The newspaper's headquarters is in Washington, D.C.
2022 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
The 2022 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters was the thirty-sixth season of the premier German motor racing championship and also the twenty-third season under the moniker of Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since the series' resumption in 2000. It was the second season of the DTM to be run under Group GT3 regulations.

Sheldon van der Linde won his first DTM championship driving a BMW M4 GT3 for Schubert Motorsport and Schubert Motorsport won the Teams' Championship.

Arjun Maini
Arjun Maini (born 10 December 1997) is an Indian professional racing driver, currently competing in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, and in the GT World Challenge Europe for Haupt Racing Team. He is currently a Ford Factory driver. He was the winner of Force India's 'One in a Billion' driver hunt in 2011.
Jeeves in the Springtime
"Jeeves in the Springtime" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse, and features the young gentleman Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves. The story was published in The Strand Magazine in December 1921 in London, and in Cosmopolitan in New York that same month. The story was also included in the 1923 collection The Inimitable Jeeves as two separate chapters, "Jeeves Exerts the Old Cerebellum" and  "No Wedding Bells for Bingo".

In the story, Bertie's friend Bingo Little wants to marry a waitress, and asks for help from Bertie and Jeeves to get his uncle to approve of her. Jeeves suggests a plan involving romance novels.

Bertie Wooster
Bertram Wilberforce Wooster is a fictional character in the comedic Jeeves stories created by British author P. G. Wodehouse. An amiable English gentleman and one of the "idle rich", Bertie appears alongside his valet, Jeeves, whose intelligence manages to save Bertie or one of his friends from numerous awkward situations. Bertie Wooster and Jeeves have been described as "one of the great comic double-acts of all time".

Bertie is the narrator and central figure of most of the Jeeves short stories and novels. The two exceptions are the short story "Bertie Changes His Mind" (1922), which is narrated by Jeeves, and the novel Ring for Jeeves (1953), a third-person narration in which Bertie is mentioned but does not appear. First appearing in "Extricating Young Gussie" in 1915, Bertie is the narrator of ten novels and over 30 short stories, his last appearance being in the novel Aunts Aren't Gentlemen, published in 1974.
Grandes Jorasses
The Grandes Jorasses (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃d ʒɔʁas]; 4,208 m; 13,806 ft) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif, on the boundary  between Haute-Savoie in France and Aosta Valley in Italy.

The first ascent of the highest peak of the mountain (Pointe Walker) was by Horace Walker with guides Melchior Anderegg, Johann Jaun and Julien Grange on 30 June 1868. The second-highest peak on the mountain (Pointe Whymper, 4,184 m; 13,727 ft) was first climbed by Edward Whymper, Christian Almer, Michel Croz and Franz Biner on 24 June 1865, using what has become the normal route of ascent and the one followed by Walker's party in 1868.

Melchior Anderegg
Melchior Anderegg (28 March 1828 – 8 December 1914), from Zaun, Meiringen, was a Swiss mountain guide and the first ascensionist of many prominent mountains in the western Alps during the golden and silver ages of alpinism. His clients were mostly British, the most famous of whom was Leslie Stephen, the writer, critic and mountaineer; Anderegg also climbed extensively with members of the Walker family, including Horace Walker and Lucy Walker, and with Florence Crauford Grove. His cousin Jakob Anderegg was also a well-known guide.