hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tommy Caldwell
Tommy Caldwell (born August 11, 1978) is an American rock climber who has set records in sport climbing, traditional climbing, and in big-wall climbing. Caldwell made the first free ascents of several major routes on El Capitan in Yosemite National Park.

He made the first ascents of some of the hardest sport climbing routes in the U.S., including Kryptonite at 5.14d (9a) in 1999, and Flex Luthor at 9a+ (5.15a) in 2003, both at the Fortress of Solitude in Colorado. In January 2015, Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson over 19-days made the first free ascent of The Dawn Wall on El Capitan, which was the first-ever big wall free climb at 9a (5.14d) in history.

In 2015, National Geographic called Caldwell "arguably the best all-around rock climber on the planet", and he is an important figure in the history of the sport.

Fitz Roy
Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.
  It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone.
Iñigo Urkullu
Íñigo Urkullu Renteria (born 18 September 1961) is a Basque politician from Spain, and the Lehendakari (President) of the Basque Government from 2012 to 2024.

As the President of the Basque Government, he headed the First, Second, and Third Urkullu Governments of the Basque Autonomous Community, Spain.

Second government of Iñigo Urkullu
The Second Urkullu Government was the regional government of the Basque Country led by President (Lehendakari) Iñigo Urkullu between 2016 and 2020. It was formed in November 2016 after the regional election.
Aviapolis railway station
Aviapolis railway station (Finnish: Aviapoliksen rautatieasema, Swedish: Aviapolis järnvägsstation) is a Helsinki commuter rail station located in the area of Aviapolis in Vantaa, Finland.

It is one of the new stations of the Ring Rail Line (Kehärata), which opened in July 2015. The station is located between the stations of Kivistö and Lentoasema (Helsinki Airport). The area around the station is planned to be turned into a neighbourhood with office buildings. A bus terminal has also been planned to be built next to the station.

The station is served by Helsinki Commuter Rail I- and P-line trains. Trains to Airport and Helsinki (via Tikkurila) depart from track 1 and trains towards Helsinki (via Huopalahti) depart from track 2.

Aviapolis
Aviapolis is a business, retail, entertainment, and housing marketing brand area in central Vantaa, Finland, covering roughly 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi), including Finland's main airline hub and airport, Helsinki Airport.

The term is officially used as the name of one of the major regions of Vantaa, encompassing the districts of Lentokenttä, Pakkala, Tammisto, Veromies, Viinikkala, and Ylästö. It is Vantaa's only major region not named after a city district.
Markku Laukkanen
Markku Matti Laukkanen (born 20 December 1950 in Valkeala) is a Finnish TV journalist and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1991 to 1995 and again from 1999 to 2011, representing the Centre Party. He is a graduate of the University of Tampere.

Valkeala
Valkeala is a former municipality of Finland.

It is located in the province of Southern Finland, and is a neighborhood of city of Kouvola, and it was a part of the Kymenlaakso region. The municipality had a population of 11,238 (2003) and covered an area of 1,004.40 km² of which 143.47 km² was water. The population density was 13.1 inhabitants per km².

In the Valkeala region there is the lake Vekaranjärvi near which the Karelia Brigade is located.

Valkeala is famous for Repovesi National Park.

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

As of 2009, the six municipalities – Kouvola, Kuusankoski, Elimäki, Anjalankoski, Valkeala and Jaala – were consolidated, accounting for the new municipality of Kouvola with a population of over 80,000, being the 10th largest city in Finland.
Waliyato Clowes
Waliyato Clowes is a Papua New Guinean politician. She was a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea from 1977 to 1982, representing the Middle Fly Open electorate in Western Province.

Clowes was a school teacher before entering politics. She was elected to the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea in the 1977 election, when she was only in her mid-20s. She supported John Guise over Michael Somare for Prime Minister. Initially associated with the United Party, she was later linked with the National Party and Papua Besena before founding her own party, Papuan Alliance (or Panal) in 1980. Her party sought to coordinate all the unaligned Papuan members of parliament, and had "up to eight" MPs, described as "moderate Papuan politicians" as distinct from the more radical Papua Besena. Clowes and her party supported the government of Julius Chan. She was described as a "proponent of women's rights". Clowes was defeated at the 1982 election.

1977 Papua New Guinean general election
General elections were held in Papua New Guinea between 18 June and 9 July 1977, the first since independence from Australia in 1975. The Pangu Party led by Prime Minister Michael Somare emerged as the largest in the National Parliament. Somare subsequently formed a coalition government with the People's Progress Party (PPP) and several independent MPs. Voter turnout was 60.3%.
Koschevnikov gland
The Koschevnikov gland is a gland of the honeybee  located near the sting shaft.  The gland produces an alarm pheromone that is released when a bee stings.  The pheromone contains more than 40 different compounds, including pentylacetate, butyl acetate, 1-hexanol, n-butanol, 1-octanol, hexylacetate, octylacetate, and  2-nonanol. These components have a low molar mass and evaporate quickly.  This collection of compounds is the least specific of all pheromones. The alarm pheromone is released when a honey bee stings another animal to attract other bees to attack, as well. The release of the alarm pheromone may entice more bees to sting at the same location.  Smoking the bees can reduce the pheromone's efficacy.

Butyl acetate
n-Butyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2(CH2)3CH3. A colorless, flammable liquid, it is the ester derived from n-butanol and acetic acid. It is found in many types of fruit, where it imparts characteristic flavors and has a sweet smell of banana or apple. It is used as an industrial solvent.

The other three isomers (four, including stereoisomers) of butyl acetate are isobutyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, and sec-butyl acetate (two enantiomers).
Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia
The Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia (Experimental Center of Cinematography; CSC), also referred to as the Scuola Nazionale di Cinema (National Film School), is an Italian national film school headquartered in Rome, with satellite educational hubs in five other Italian regions.

It was established in 1935 and aims to promote the art and technique of cinematography and film.

Marco Bellocchio
Marco Bellocchio (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko belˈlɔkkjo]; born 9 November 1939) is an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor. Most known for his films Fists in the Pocket (1965), A Leap in the Dark (1980), Good Morning, Night (2003), The Traitor (2019) and Kidnapped (2023).
RoboSub
RoboSub is a competition whose goal is to advance the development of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) by challenging a new generation of engineers to perform realistic missions in an underwater environment. It was launched in 1997 and is co-sponsored by the RoboNation (formerly the AUVSI Foundation) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The event also serves to foster ties between young engineers and the organizations developing AUV technologies. The competition is open to high school and college teams from around the world. Since about 2002, it has been held each summer at the U.S. Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific's TRANSDEC Anechoic pool in San Diego, California. In 2022, the competition took place at the University of Maryland, College Park.

RoboNation
RoboNation (formerly the AUVSI Foundation) is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization (501(c)(3)) focused on promoting STEM and robotics education through national and international competitions. Its goal is to inspire and equip students to pursue careers in robotics and engineering.
Lamlai Assembly constituency
Lamlai is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Manipur state in India. It is part of Imphal East district and is a segment of the Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency. As of 2022, it is represented by Khongbantabam Ibomcha Singh of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Khongbantabam Ibomcha
Khongbantabam Ibomcha (1955) is an Indian politician from Manipur. He is an MLA from Lamlai Assembly constituency in Imphal East district. He won the 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election, representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.
32nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)
The 32nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team ("Red Arrow") is an infantry brigade combat team (IBCT) in the United States Army National Guard. It was formed from the inactivated 32nd Infantry Division in 1967. It is the largest unit in the Wisconsin Army National Guard.

128th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 128th Infantry Regiment ("Les Terribles") is a United States military unit of the Wisconsin National Guard, currently represented by the 1st Battalion, 128th Infantry Regiment. The 128th has served as part of the American Civil War, Spanish–American War, Mexican Civil War, World War I, World War II, Iraq War and the Afghanistan War.
2016 Giro d'Italia
The 2016 Giro d'Italia was the 99th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Apeldoorn on 6 May with a 9.8 km (6 mi) individual time trial, followed by two other stages in the Netherlands, both between Nijmegen and Arnhem. After a rest day, there were 18 further stages to reach the finish on 29 May. These stages were principally in Italy, although two stages partly took place in France.

The overall winner was Italian rider Vincenzo Nibali of team Astana, who won his second Giro.

Rafał Majka
Rafał Majka (Polish pronunciation: [ˈrafaw ˈmajka]; born 12 September 1989) is a Polish former professional road bicycle racer, who most recently rode for UCI WorldTeam UAE Team Emirates XRG. He is known as a strong climber, and rose to prominence at the 2013 Giro d'Italia, where he finished 7th overall, and 6th one year later; he has taken fifteen victories during his professional career.

Other major achievements are three mountainous stage wins in the Tour de France, two victories in the mountains classification at the race (2014 and 2016), and two stages and the overall victory at the 2014 Tour de Pologne. He achieved his only Grand Tour podium finish at the 2015 Vuelta a España, where he finished third.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he won a bronze medal for Poland in the road race.
Ociaskowo
Ociaskowo [ɔt͡ɕasˈkɔvɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Studzienice, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Studzienice
Gmina Studzienice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Studzienice, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Bytów and 76 km (47 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The gmina covers an area of 175.96 square kilometres (67.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,408.
47th Operations Group
The 47th Operations Group (47 OG) is the flying component of the 47th Flying Training Wing, assigned to the United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command. The group is stationed at Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas.

87th Flying Training Squadron
The 87th Flying Training Squadron is part of the United States Air Force 47th Flying Training Wing based at Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas. It operates T-38 Talon aircraft conducting flight training.

The squadron is one of the oldest in the United States Air Force, its origins dating to 18 August 1917 when it was organized at Selfridge Field, Mount Clemens, Michigan as a pilot training Squadron during World War I.   The squadron saw combat during World War II, and became part of Air Defense Command, later Aerospace Defense Command and finally Tactical Air Command during the Cold War.
Friedländer synthesis
The Friedländer synthesis is a chemical reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with ketones to form quinoline derivatives. It is named after German chemist Paul Friedländer (1857–1923).

This reaction has been catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, iodine, and Lewis acids.

Several reviews have been published.

Quinoline
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N.  It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, especially if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown.  Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline itself has few applications, but many of its  derivatives are useful in diverse applications. A prominent example is quinine, an alkaloid found in plants. Over 200 biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids are identified. 4-Hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) are involved in antibiotic resistance.
Ammiyya
The Ammiyya (Arabic: الثورة العامية في جبل حوران, althawrat aleamiat fi jabal hawran, or Arabic: ʿĀmmiyya) was a revolt against Ottoman rule in Syria in 1889–1890. The tenant farmers and farmworkers sought to curb the abuses of local sheikhs, restricting them to one eighth of the communal land. They also wanted to partition the rest of the communal land into individual plots outside the sheikh's control, ending their ability to evict poor farmers.

Druze opposition was led by the Atrash family.

The revolt was largely successful in its aims, restricting the sheikhs to one eighth of the village land and establishing the system of land tenure which continued in Syria through the Assad regime. Desire to placate the locals also prompted the concessions to French and Belgian companies that led to the DHP, the area's first railway.

Rail transport in Lebanon
Rail transport in Lebanon began in the 1890s as French projects under the Ottoman Empire but largely ceased in the 1970s owing to the country's civil war. The last remaining routes ended for economic reasons in the 1990s. At its peak Lebanon had about 408 kilometres (254 mi) of railway.
Satomi clan
The Satomi clan (里見氏, Satomi-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan of the Sengoku period (1467–1573) and early Edo period (1603–1868). The clan ruled Awa Province as a Sengoku daimyō and was a major military power in the Kantō region during the wars of the Nanboku-chō period. Although confirmed as daimyō of Tateyama Domain by the Tokugawa shogunate.

Awa Province (Chiba)
Awa Province (安房国, Awa no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.wa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture.  It lies on the tip of the Bōsō Peninsula (房総半島), whose name takes its first kanji from the name of Awa Province and its second from Kazusa and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Bōshū (房州) or Anshū (安州). Awa Province in Shikoku phonetically has the same name, but is written with different kanji (阿波国).
Awa is classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō.  Under the Engishiki classification system, Awa was ranked as a "middle country" (中国) and a "far country" (遠国).
Don Bluth
Donald Virgil Bluth (/bluːθ/ BLOOTH; born September 13, 1937) is an American filmmaker, animator, video game designer and author. He came to prominence working for Walt Disney Productions before creating his own film studio in the early 1980s. Bluth is best known for directing the animated films The Secret of NIMH, An American Tail, The Land Before Time, All Dogs Go to Heaven, Anastasia, and Titan A.E., and for his involvement in the well-known Laserdisc game Dragon's Lair. Don Bluth Productions hired many animators away from Disney, and Bluth's films were a major competitor to Disney in the 1980s, leading up to the Disney Renaissance.

Disney Renaissance
The Disney Renaissance was a period from 1989 to 1999 during which Walt Disney Feature Animation returned to producing commercially and/or critically successful animated films. The ten feature films associated with this period are The Little Mermaid (1989), The Rescuers Down Under (1990), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), The Lion King (1994), Pocahontas (1995), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), Hercules (1997), Mulan (1998), and Tarzan (1999).

The films were mostly musical adaptations of well-known stories, similar to the films produced by Walt Disney from the 1930s to 1960s. The resurgence allowed Disney's animated films to become a powerhouse of successes at the domestic and foreign box office, earning much greater profits.
Garner Holt
Garner L. Holt is an American businessman. He is the founder and president of Garner Holt Productions, Inc., a designer and manufacturer of animatronic figures for entertainment locations, military training, and prosthetics. Garner is a native of San Bernardino, California.

Holt has received numerous awards for his entrepreneurial efforts as well as his company's creative achievements.  His company has been honored with nearly two dozen of the Themed Entertainment Association's Thea Awards (including Holt's 2014 Harrison "Buzz" Price Award Recognizing a Lifetime of Achievements). In 2016 Holt received the Disneyana Fan Club's (DFC) Disney Legend Award.

Holt established his production facility in Redlands, California. In 2024, his foundation established "Garners Garage", a workshop to educate visitors on 20-30 types of jobs established in animatronics. The foundation also teaches students about STEM and STEAM careers.

Themed Entertainment Association
The Themed Entertainment Association (TEA) is an international nonprofit association that represents creators, developers, designers and producers of themed entertainment. It is also noted for its Thea Awards, which were founded in 1995 and are distributed annually in a range of themed entertainment categories.
Thabo Bester
Thabo Bester (born 13 June 1986) is a South African convicted rapist and murderer who escaped from the Mangaung Correctional Centre in South Africa after faking his death in a fire in his prison cell in May 2022. He was on the run for almost a year before being caught in Arusha, Tanzania on 8 April 2023. He was arrested along with his partner and alleged accomplice, celebrity doctor Nandipha Magudumana. Bester had become known as the "Facebook rapist" because he used the platform to lure models with fake job opportunities. He pleaded guilty to two rapes and one murder and was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Mangaung Prison
The Mangaung Prison (Afrikaans: Mangaung-gevangenis) is a maximum security prison in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa. The prison is privately owned and managed by the company G4S as part of a consortium. The South African Department of Correctional Services signed a 25-year contract with the consortium in 2000. The prison can accommodate around 3,000 prisoners.

In October 2013, the department temporarily took over the prison, after G4S "lost effective control of the facility". In October, a female custodian with 13 years of experience was taken hostage by prisoners. She was later saved unharmed by a special police task force.
Washington's 44th legislative district
Washington's 44th legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature.

The district covers a large area mostly east of Everett, including the cities of Maltby, Mill Creek and Snohomish.

The district's legislators include state senator John Lovick and two state representatives, Brandy Donaghy (position 1) and April Berg (position 2), all of whom are members of the Democratic Party.

This seat was once held by future U.S. Senator Maria Cantwell, from January 12, 1987, to January 3, 1993.

Snohomish, Washington
Snohomish (/snoʊˈhoʊmɪʃ/) is a city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 10,126 at the 2020 census. It is located on the Snohomish River, southeast of Everett and northwest of Monroe. Snohomish lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 2 and State Route 9. The city's airport, Harvey Airfield, is located south of downtown and used primarily for general aviation.

The city was founded in 1859 and named Cadyville after pioneer settler Edson T. Cady and renamed to Snohomish in 1871. It served as county seat of Snohomish County from 1861 to 1897, when the county government was relocated to Everett. Snohomish has a downtown district that is renowned for its collection of antique shops and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Nightwatch (album)
Nightwatch is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Kenny Loggins, released in 1978. The album is Loggins' highest charting album on the Billboard 200 to date, reaching number 7.

The lead single, "Whenever I Call You 'Friend'" featuring Fleetwood Mac's Stevie Nicks (co-written with Melissa Manchester), reached number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100.  The second and final single, "Easy Driver", peaked at number 60 in early 1979.  This album also featured the first released version of the Doobie Brothers' "What a Fool Believes", which Loggins co-wrote with the Doobies' Michael McDonald.

Most of the artists on this album represent Loggins' original band from 1977 to 1980.

Whenever I Call You "Friend"
"Whenever I Call You 'Friend'" is a song written by Kenny Loggins and Melissa Manchester, which Loggins recorded for his 1978 album Nightwatch. Issued as a single, "Whenever I Call You 'Friend'" reached No. 5 in the autumn of 1978.

"Whenever I Call You 'Friend'" is a duet with Stevie Nicks, who, though credited on the album track, is not credited on the single, making "Whenever I Call You 'Friend'", in effect, Loggins's first major solo hit.

In the Netherlands, the pop charts TV programme TopPop invited Dutch singer Kimm Hekker to stand in as the duet singer next to Loggins, as Nicks did not come over to perform. Nicks did, however, join Loggins for some live duets of the song in 1979.
Exeter Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania
Exeter Township is a township in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 624 at the 2020 census, of whom 382 people live in the village of West Falls, a census-designated place within the township.

West Falls, Pennsylvania
West Falls is a census-designated place located in Exeter Township, Wyoming County, in the state of Pennsylvania. The community is located very close to Pennsylvania Route 92 near the Susquehanna River.  As of the 2010 census the population was 382 residents.  At the 2020 census the population was 337.
Krzeszna
Krzeszna [ˈkʂɛʂna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Stężyca, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Gmina Stężyca (Kashubian: Stãżëca) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Stężyca, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Kartuzy and 48 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 160.3 square kilometres (61.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,695.