hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colonial Downs
Colonial Downs is a racetrack located in New Kent County, Virginia adjacent to Interstate 64, halfway between Richmond and Williamsburg. The track conducted Thoroughbred flat racing and Standardbred harness racing between 1997 and 2014, and reopened for thoroughbreds in 2019. It is owned and operated by Churchill Downs, Inc.

Churchill Downs Incorporated
Churchill Downs Incorporated is the parent company of Churchill Downs. The company has evolved from one racetrack in Louisville, Kentucky, to a multi American-state-wide, publicly traded company with racetracks, casinos and an online wagering company among its portfolio of businesses.
El Nasr Automotive Manufacturing Company
Nasr (Arabic: نصر, long form: El Nasr Automotive Manufacturing Company) is Egypt's state owned automobile company. It was founded in 1960 in Helwan, Egypt. Since, the company has produced licensed versions of the Fiat 1100 R, Fiat 1300, Fiat 2300, Fiat 128, Fiat 125, Fiat 133, Fiat 126, series 2 Fiat 127, 1983–92 FSO Polonez and in 1991 introduced a further range of Fiat-designed cars licensed via the Turkish company Tofaş. In the early 2000s Nasr began producing the Florida range under license from Serbian manufacturer Zastava.

Fiat 128
The Fiat 128 is a small family car which was manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1969 to 1985. The bodystyles were a two- or four-door sedan, three- or five-door station wagon as well as two- or three-door coupé.

With engineering by Dante Giacosa and engine design by Aurelio Lampredi, the 128 was noted for its relatively roomy passenger and cargo volume — enabled by a breakthrough innovation to the transversely-mounted front-engine, front-drive layout which became the layout "adopted by virtually every other manufacturer in the world" for front-wheel drive. Fiat promoted in its advertising that mechanical features consumed only 20% of the vehicle's volume. The 128 running gear and engine, reconfigured for a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, were used in the Fiat X1/9 sports car.

Named European Car of the Year in 1970, over three million were ultimately manufactured.

In 2012 automotive journalist Jamie Kitman called the 128 a "pioneer of the small cars we drive today."
Sorrento Calcio 1945
Sorrento Calcio 1945 is an Italian association football club from Sorrento, Italy, which was founded as Sorrento Calcio in 1945. Currently the club plays in the Serie C Group C, the third tier of Italian club football.

The team lost its affiliation to the FIGC, after being declared bankrupt by a court in Torre Annunziata in September 2016. Since this verdict, Sorrento Football Club was founded by the merger of Atletico Sorrento 5 and Sant'Antonio Abate. The club re-registered to compete in the Eccellenza Campania in 2016–17.

The club has spent most of its history in the lower regions of the Italian football system. Sorrento reached as high as Serie B during the early 1970s, where they recorded their overall highest finish with a 19th place in the 1971–72 season. In addition to this and the championships they have won at lower levels, Sorrento have also won the Serie D Italian Cup.

Paulinho (footballer, born January 1986)
Paulo Sérgio Betanin (born 10 January 1986), more commonly known as Paulinho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He also holds an Italian passport through Venetian descent.
Maxar Technologies
Maxar Technologies Inc., was an American space technology company, specializing in geospatial intelligence, Earth observation, and on-orbit satellite servicing, satellite products, and related services. DigitalGlobe and MDA Holdings Company merged to become Maxar Technologies on October 5, 2017.

Maxar Technologies was the parent holding company of Maxar Space Systems, headquartered in Palo Alto, California, US; and Maxar Intelligence, headquartered in Westminster, Colorado, US. From 2017 to 2023, it was dual-listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange as MAXR.

In October 2025, Maxar Intelligence and Maxar Space Systems rebranded to become Vantor and Lanteris respectively.

Advent International
Advent International Corporation is an American global private equity firm. It is focused on buyouts of companies in Western and Central Europe, North America, Latin America and Asia. The firm focuses on international buyouts, growth and strategic restructuring in five core sectors.

Since its inception in 1984, Advent has invested $56 billion in private equity capital. Through its buyout programs, it has completed more than 375 transactions in 42 countries.

Advent operates from 14 offices in 11 countries, with affiliates in additional countries, employs over 240 investment professionals, and has $100 billion in assets under management as of November 2025.

In June 2024, Advent ranked 8th among the world's largest private equity firms, with approximately $53 billion in Private Equity International's PEI 300 rankings.
Nawojów Śląski
Nawojów Śląski (Polish pronunciation: [naˈvɔjuf ˈɕlɔ̃skʲi]) (German: Schlesisch Haugsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubań, within Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Gmina Lubań
Gmina Lubań is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Lubań, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 142.15 square kilometres (54.9 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,601.
Dumat al-Jandal inscription
The Dūmat al-Jandal inscription (also known as the Dūmat al Ğandal inscription, DaJ144PAr1, or DaJ144DA 1) is an Arabic Christian graffito written in the Paleo-Arabic script, and discovered at the Arabian site of Dumat al-Jandal. It was carved into the middle-left of a sandstone bolder, above a Nabataean Arabic inscription found a little lower. The rock also contains drawings of four female camels, one male camel, and an ibex.

It was first published in 2017 alongside seventeen Nabataean Arabic inscriptions.

Dumat al-Jandal
Dumat al-Jandal (Arabic: دُومَة ٱلْجَنْدَل, romanized: Dūmat al-Jandal, lit. 'Dumah of the Stone', pronounced [ˈduːmat alˈdʒandal]), also known as Al-Jawf or Al-Jouf (Arabic: ٱلْجَوْف, lit. 'cavity/depression'), which refers to Wadi Sirhan, is an ancient city of ruins and the historical capital of the Al Jawf Province, today in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It is located 37 km from Sakakah.

The city stood north of the Nafud desert and at one end of Wadi Sirhan, at a major intersection of ancient trade routes part of what is known as the incense route, with one branch linking the various sources of valuable goods in India and southern Arabia with Babylon, and another linking the Persian Gulf through Wadi Sirhan with southern  Syria. It is surrounded by the historical Dumat al-Jandal Wall and stands within an oasis.

Some scholars identify this site as territory of Dumah, one of the twelve sons of Ishmael mentioned in  the Book of Genesis.
Oxana Lyubtsova
Oxana Lyubtsova (Ukrainian: Оксана Любцова, born 13 September 1985) is a Ukrainian former tennis player.

As a professional, her highest career singles ranking is world No. 149, achieved on 21 July 2008, and her best doubles ranking is 254, achieved on 27 April 2009.

Over her career, she won five ITF titles in singles and three in doubles.

Lyubtsova played in her first WTA Tour event when she qualified to play in the 2009 Open GDF Suez. She lost in the first round to the fourth-seeded Polish teenager Agnieszka Radwańska, 1–6, 1–6.

2009 Open GDF Suez
The 2009 Open GDF Suez was a women's professional tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It was the 17th edition of the Open GDF Suez (formerly known as the Open Gaz de France) and was a Premier tournament on the 2009 WTA Tour. It took place at Stade Pierre de Coubertin in Paris, France, from 9 February until 15 February 2009.

The top three seeds were Serena Williams, the 2009 Australian Open singles champion and twice the winner of this event, Jelena Janković, a former world No. 1, and Elena Dementieva, the 2008 Olympic gold medalist in singles and a 2009 Australian Open semifinalist. Agnieszka Radwańska, home favourite Alizé Cornet, Patty Schnyder, Anabel Medina Garrigues, and two-time champion Amélie Mauresmo also played this event.

Eighth-seeded Amélie Mauresmo won the singles title.  It was her third title at the event, also winning in 2001 and 2006.
Sakafia Islamic Senior High School
Sakafia Islamic Senior High School (also known as Sakafiya Islamic SHS or SAKISCO) is a mixed second-cycle institution located in Ayigya in the Asokore Mampong Municipal District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In January 2025, the school's aquaponics initiative won the Zayed Sustainability Prize Global High Schools Award.

Ayigya
Ayigya is a town in Ghana. It is 10 kilometres from the centre  Kumasi. It is a dormitory town. There is a market in the community which serves both its inhabitants as well as students from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)
The East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017) was an armed conflict between the rebel groups Tahrir al-Sham and al-Rahman Legion on one side, and the rebel group Jaysh al-Islam on the other, which took place in the rebel-held territories east of Damascus. Open conflict between the groups also took place exactly one year earlier, before a ceasefire was implemented.

East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)
The East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016) was an armed conflict between the rebel coalition of Jaish al-Fustat, consisting of the al-Nusra Front and al-Rahman Legion, and the rebel group Jaysh al-Islam, that occurred in the rebel-held territories east of Damascus. Tensions between the two groups took place since March 2016, when the Rahman Legion expelled Jaysh al-Islam in Zamalka after absorbing the Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union in February.
Festival (food)
Festival or Jamaican festival is a type of deep-fried bread, typical of Jamaican cuisine, Despite its slightly sweet taste, it is served as a side dish with escovitch fish, seafood or jerk chicken, as well as a breakfast item and street food.

Jerk (cooking)
Jerk is a style of cooking native to Jamaica, in which meat is dry-rubbed or wet-marinated with a hot spice mixture called Jamaican jerk spice.

The technique of jerking (or cooking with jerk spice) originated from Jamaica's indigenous peoples, the Arawak and Taíno tribes, and was adopted by the descendants of 17th-century Jamaican Maroons who intermingled with them.

The smoky taste of jerked meat is achieved by using various cooking methods, including modern wood-burning ovens. Chicken or pork is usually jerked, and the main ingredients of the spicy jerk marinade / sauce are allspice and scotch bonnet peppers, which are native to Jamaica and were cultivated by the Taínos.
Sphinx (film)
Sphinx is a 1981 American adventure film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and starring Lesley-Anne Down and Frank Langella. The screenplay by John Byrum is based on the 1979 novel of the same name by Robin Cook.

Robin Cook (American novelist)
Robert Brian "Robin" Cook (born May 4, 1940) is an American physician and novelist who writes largely about medicine and topics affecting public health.

He is known best for combining medical writing with the thriller genre. Many of his books have been bestsellers on The New York Times Best Seller List. Several of his books have also been featured by Reader's Digest. His books have sold nearly 400 million copies worldwide.
Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Nusantara
The Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Nusantara (or Museum MACAN) is an art museum at Kebon Jeruk in Jakarta, Indonesia.

The museum is the first in Indonesia to have a collection of modern and contemporary Indonesian and international art. It has a floor area of 7,107 m2 (76,500 sq ft) with display area of about 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft). The museum is included in a list of the World’s 100 Greatest Places 2018 released by Time magazine. Museum MACAN opened in November 2017.

Kebon Jeruk
Kebon Jeruk (Indonesian for "orange garden") is a district (kecamatan) of West Jakarta Administrative City, Indonesia. Kebon Jeruk is roughly bounded by Kali Pesanggrahan creek to the west, Kebayoran Lama Road to the south, Daan Mogot Road to the north, and Rawa Belong - Batu Sari Road to the east. The area is approximately 17.54 square km, and the official estimate of population as at mid 2023 was 370,282.

The Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Road passes through the district, connecting Jakarta to Merak in Banten Province. 
The major streets in Kebon Jeruk are Panjang Road, Arjuna Utara (North Arjuna) and Arjuna Selatan (South Arjuna) Roads, and Perjuangan Road.
Dicentra eximia
Dicentra eximia (wild or fringed bleeding-heart, turkey-corn) is a flowering plant with fernlike leaves and oddly shaped flowers native to the Appalachian Mountains. It is similar to the Pacific bleeding-heart (Dicentra formosa), which grows on the Pacific Coast. Dicentra eximia is a perennial herb in the Papaveraceae family.

Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae (/pəˌpævəˈreɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), informally called the poppy family, are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates (mostly in the northern hemisphere) like Eastern Asia as well as California in North America. It is almost unknown in the tropics. Most are herbaceous plants, but a few are shrubs and small trees. The family currently includes two groups that have been considered to be separate families: Fumariaceae and Pteridophyllaceae. Papaver is the classical name for poppy in Latin.
1931 Latvian Riga Cathedral referendum
A referendum on the transfer of Riga Cathedral to the Lutheran Church was held in Latvia on 5 and 6 September 1931. Following a 1923 referendum the Lutheran Church had been forced to share the cathedral with the Roman Catholic Church. The referendum was passed by a large margin, and despite a voter turnout of only 32%, the government decided to proceed with the legislation. The outcome of the referendum led to an increase in the popularity of civic parties in the parliamentary elections in October.

Riga Cathedral
Riga Cathedral (Latvian: Rīgas Doms; German: Dom zu Riga) formally The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary, is the Evangelical Lutheran cathedral in Riga, Latvia. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Riga.

The cathedral is one of the most recognizable landmarks in Latvia, and is featured in or the subject of paintings, photographs and television travelogues. Like all of the oldest churches of the city, it is known for its weathercock.

The church is commonly called the Dome Cathedral, a pleonasm as the word 'Dome' comes from the German Dom meaning 'cathedral'.
Sudan national football team
The Sudan national football team (Arabic: مُنْتَخَب السُّودَان الْوَطَنِيّ لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم, romanized: muntaḵab as-sūdān al-waṭaniyy likurratu l-qadam) represents Sudan in international football and is controlled by the Sudan Football Association, the governing body for football in Sudan. Its home ground is Khartoum Stadium in the capital Khartoum. In 1957, it was one of the three teams to participate in the inaugural Africa Cup of Nations, the other two being Egypt and Ethiopia.

Sudan is one of the oldest teams in Africa and won the 1970 Africa Cup of Nations as hosts.

Khartoum Stadium
The Khartoum International Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Khartoum, Sudan.  It is currently used mostly for football matches.  The stadium has a capacity of 23,000 people. It is also the home stadium of the Sudanese national football team and of the club Al Ahli SC Khartoum. In 2010, it was renovated for the 2011 African cup of nations championships.
ARL V 39
The ARL V 39, also known as the ARL 1940 V939 40, was a prototype armored fighting vehicle, designed to meet France's demands for a new self-propelled assault gun, prior to World War II. Only two complete and functional prototypes were produced, armed with a modified 75mm field gun and 7.5mm machine gun. The design project was known as ARL 40, related to the char G1B medium tank. Designed in 1935, two prototypes were completed by 1940. However, due to the later occupation of France, mass production to meet orders was canceled and the prototypes evacuated to Morocco, ceasing any further development of the project.

Char G1
The Char G1 was a French replacement project for the Char D2 medium tank. Several prototypes from different companies were developed from 1936 onwards, but not a single one had been fully completed at the time of the Fall of France in 1940. The projects represented some of the most advanced French tank design of the period and finally envisaged a type that would have been roughly equal in armament and mobility to later World War II standard tanks of other nations, such as the Soviet T-34 and the American M4 Sherman, but possessing several novel features, such as gun stabilisation, a semi-automatic loader and an optical rangefinder.
William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes
William Edward Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes GBE (17 August 1894 – 12 December 1964) (Billy Rootes; The Lord Rootes) was a British motor manufacturer. He opened his first car sales agency in 1913, leading to the global Rootes Group. During the Second World War he supervised the volume manufacture of aircraft and engines, as well as the supply of military motor vehicles and armoured fighting vehicles. He was knighted in 1942 for these services and for organising the reconstruction of bomb-damaged Coventry after its saturation bombing by the Luftwaffe on 14–15 November 1940. In the 1950s, he became a leader of Britain's export drive, and chaired a committee to found the University of Warwick with a vision of academic links with industry. The Rootes Social Building and halls of residence, built at the University around 1966, were named posthumously in his honour.

Coventry Blitz
The Coventry Blitz (blitz: from the German word Blitzkrieg meaning "lightning war" listenⓘ) was the German Axis bombing that took place on the British city of Coventry. The city was bombed many times during the Second World War by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe). The most devastating of these attacks occurred on the evening of 14 November 1940 and continued into the morning of 15 November.
Replenishment (photography)
Replenishment is a component in the processing of photographic film and paper, where fresh chemistry is used to replace exhausted chemistry in a continuous or per-batch fashion. Replenishment rates are calculated by the quantity of film processed in each individual bath; as well as by the amount of film push-processed in the E-6 process; and by film type in the C-41 process.

E-6 process
The E-6 process is a chromogenic photographic process for developing Ektachrome, Fujichrome and other color reversal (also called slide or transparency) photographic film.

Unlike some color reversal processes (such as Kodachrome K-14) that produce positive transparencies, E-6 processing can be performed by individual users with the same equipment that is used for processing black and white negative film or C-41 color negative film. The process is highly sensitive to temperature variations: a heated water bath is mandatory to stabilize the temperature at 100.0 °F (37.8 °C) for the first developer and first wash to maintain process tolerances.
Eli Skolmen Ryg
Eli Skolmen Ryg (born 27 May 1936) is a Norwegian television producer.

Her filmography include the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation television series Den som henger i en tråd (1980), Enerom (1987), Fortuna (1993), Offshore (1996) and Soria Moria (2000). In 1990 she won the Amanda Committee's Golden Clapper. Eli Skolmen Ryg is related to several actors; she is the mother of Anne Ryg, former mother-in-law of Harald Eia, sister of Jon Skolmen and aunt of Christian and Tine Skolmen.

Jon Skolmen
Jon Skolmen (1 November 1940 – 28 March 2019) was a Norwegian actor and comedian who appeared in several Norwegian and Swedish films. He gained special recognition for his role as Ole Bramserud in Sällskapsresan (1980) opposite Lasse Åberg.
Driving the Future
Driving the Future: Combating Climate Change with Cleaner, Smarter Cars is the first book of Margo T. Oge, who served as the director of the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Transportation and Air Quality from 1994 to 2012.  The book covers climate science, politics, regulations, auto technology and proposes how to meet greenhouse gas reduction goals. The book combines primary source research, Oge's first-hand knowledge of events and dozens of interviews with technical, environmental, regulatory, policy and legal experts. It is organized into three sections.

Margo T. Oge
Margo T. Oge is an engineer, environmental regulator, and author who made significant contributions to air quality and transportation emissions standards in the United States. She dedicated 32 years to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), retiring in 2012.
Busan Tower
Busan Tower (Korean: 부산타워) is a 120-metre-high tower at Yongdusan Park, located in Jung District, Busan, South Korea.

It was built in 1973. It is only used for entertainment purposes and doesn't have any transmitting equipment. The deck features panoramic view and a small cafe, only accessible during working hours via two high-speed elevators. The base of the tower is interconnected with a few galleries and souvenir shops. The tower is usually mentioned in tourist guides as a good place to get a view of the city's port.

Yongdusan Park
Yongdusan Park (Korean: 용두산공원) is a park located in Jung District, Busan, South Korea. The 120-meter-high Busan Tower is located here.

The park is located on a mountain, Yongdusan. The mountain previously went by the name Songhyeonsan, and the park was briefly named Unam Park. The park occupies an area of 69,000 square meters (740,000 sq ft). It has 70 different species of trees growing in it.

The park has been witness to significant history especially during the 20th century, and has since been considered a symbol of Busan. It formerly hosted a waegwan (Japanese ethnic enclave) during the Joseon period, Ryūtōsan Shrine between the 17th and 20th centuries, and shanty towns of refugees during the Korean War. Many of these structures were destroyed by a number of fires. Now, a number of historical monuments and attractions are densely packed in the park, which has an elevated and scenic view of Busan.
Arrowrock Dam
Arrowrock Dam is a concrete arch dam in the western United States, on the Boise River in southwestern Idaho, east of Boise. Opened 110 years ago in 1915, it is located on the border of Boise and Elmore counties, upstream of the Lucky Peak Dam and reservoir. The spillway elevation for Arrowrock is 3,219 feet (981 m) above sea level and its primary purpose is to provide irrigation water for agriculture.

The dam was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2016, and is operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

Southwestern Idaho
Southwestern Idaho is a geographical term for the area along the U.S. state of Idaho's borders with Oregon and Nevada. It includes the populous areas of the Boise metropolitan area and the Treasure Valley.

The counties of Ada, Adams, Boise, Canyon, Elmore, Gem, Owyhee, Payette, Valley, and Washington are included in the region.