hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dewisland
51°56′53″N 5°08′28″W﻿ / ﻿51.948°N 5.141°W﻿ / 51.948; -5.141

The Hundred of Dewisland (often written "Dewsland") was a hundred in northwest Pembrokeshire, Wales. Formerly the pre-Norman cantref of Pebidiog, it included the city and the peninsula of St Davids. It was named after Dewi Sant, the Welsh name for Saint David.

The Petty Sessions for the hundred were held at Solfach.

St Davids
St Davids or St David's (Welsh: Tyddewi, [tiː ˈðɛwi], lit. "David's house”) is a cathedral city in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It lies on the River Alun and is part of the community of St Davids and the Cathedral Close. It is the resting place of Saint David, Wales's patron saint, and named after him.

St Davids is the United Kingdom's smallest city by population (number of residents within the wider community was 1,751 in 2021) and urban area, but it is not the smallest city by local authority boundary area (which is the City of London). St Davids was given city status in the 12th century. This does not derive automatically, but in England and Wales was traditionally given to cathedral towns under practices laid down in the early 1540s, when Henry VIII founded dioceses. City status was lost in 1886, but restored in 1994 at the request of Queen Elizabeth II.
Henri Maspero
Henri Paul Gaston Maspero (15 December 1883 – 17 March 1945) was a French sinologist and professor who contributed to a variety of topics relating to East Asia. Maspero is best known for his pioneering studies of Daoism. He was imprisoned by the Nazis during World War II and died in the Buchenwald concentration camp.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Promode Dasgupta
Promode Dasgupta (13 July 1910 – 29 November 1982) was an Indian Communist politician from West Bengal, often referred to as PDG. He was the first leader of the West Bengal unit of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), serving as State Secretary from the party's birth in 1964 until his death in 1982. He was also a member of the CPI(M)'s politburo, its supreme decision-making body. Although he personally never contested an election, Dasgupta earned a reputation as a disciplined organiser of the party and its cadres. Under his leadership, the CPI(M)-led Left Front came to power in a landslide victory in the 1977 election, and remained the dominant force in West Bengal politics for several decades following Dasgupta's death.

Left Front (West Bengal)
The Left Front is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was formed in January 1977, the founding parties being the Communist Party of India (Marxist), All India Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the Marxist Forward Bloc, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India and the Biplobi Bangla Congress. Other parties joined in later years, most notably the Communist Party of India.

The Left Front ruled the state of West Bengal for 34 years in seven consecutive terms 1977–2011, five with Jyoti Basu as Chief Minister and two under Buddhadev Bhattacharya. The CPI(M) is the dominant force in the alliance. In the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election the Left Front failed to gain a majority of seats and left office. As of 2016 Biman Bose is the Chairman of the West Bengal Left Front Committee.
Self-assembly based manufacturing
Self-assembly based manufacturing refers to a controlled process of using self-assembly and programmable matter to manufacture a product on an industrial scale. In traditional manufacturing and fabrication, there are physical and precision limitations on a workpiece; namely, lower minimal dimension of a workpiece has been a major challenge in modern manufacturing. Engineering self-assembly methods have a significant potentials in overcoming the dimensional limitation of a workpiece. In general, there are three key ingredients in most of self assembly applications: geometry (order), interaction, energy. To improve the efficiency or take shape in self-assembly based manufacturing, it must utilize one or more than one of these three ingredients. This is an emerging market with few examples to date. However, this field shows a strong potential to revolutionize many industrial markets from nanoelectronics to bio-engineering.

Self-assembly
Self-assembly is a process in which a disordered system of pre-existing components forms an organized structure or pattern as a consequence of specific, local interactions among the components themselves, without external direction. When the constitutive components are molecules, the process is termed molecular self-assembly.

Self-assembly can be classified as either static or dynamic. In static self-assembly, the ordered state forms as a system approaches equilibrium, reducing its free energy.  However, in dynamic self-assembly, patterns of pre-existing components organized by specific local interactions are not commonly described as "self-assembled" by scientists in the associated disciplines. These structures are better described as "self-organized", although these terms are often used interchangeably.
LVN Pictures
LVN Pictures, Inc. was a Filipino film studio that was considered one of the biggest in the history of Philippine cinema and its foremost establishment in motion picture post-production until 2005. In its heyday of motion picture production, LVN Pictures has been compared to that of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios (MGM) of Hollywood because it had, under contract, the biggest stars and film craftsmen of the period. Before its closure in 2005, LVN Pictures was known as one of the oldest living film studios in the country.

Jaime de la Rosa
Jaime Lim de la Rosa (September 18, 1921 – December 2, 1992), also known for his screen name Jaime de la Rosa, was a Filipino actor and politician active in showbiz from the 1940s to 1960. He also served as a councilor of Manila from the 4th district from 1988 to 1992.
Bus deregulation in Great Britain
Bus deregulation in Great Britain involved the abolition of Road Service Licensing for bus services outside of Greater London. It began in 1980 with long-distance bus services and was extended to local bus services in 1986 under the Transport Act 1985. The abolition of Road Service Licensing removed the public sector's role in fare-setting, routes, and bus frequencies and returned those powers to bus operators.

National Bus Company (UK)
The National Bus Company (NBC) was a nationalised bus company that operated in England and Wales between 1969 and 1988. NBC did not run buses itself, but was the owner of a number of regional subsidiary bus operating companies.
Hilding Mickelsson
Hilding Mickelsson (21 February 1919 – 11 January 2002) was a Swedish photographer and author, focused on documenting and preserving the nature, wildlife and cultural heritage in his home region Hälsingland.

Hälsingland
Hälsingland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhɛ̌lːsɪŋland] ⓘ), sometimes referred to by the Latin name Helsingia, is a historical province or landskap in central Sweden. It borders Gästrikland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Medelpad and the Gulf of Bothnia. It is part of the land of Norrland.

Princess Madeleine is currently the duchess of Hälsingland, along with Gästrikland.
Las Gallinas Valley
Las Gallinas Valley or Gallinas Valley is a geographical valley landform of Marin County, California, United States formed by Miller Creek.  It is also the name of a major planning area of Marin County.

Miller Creek (Marin County, California)
Miller Creek is a 7.6-mile-long (12.2 km) stream in eastern Marin County, California, United States. It originates on Big Rock Ridge and empties into San Pablo Bay east of Marinwood. A middle school called Miller Creek Middle School was named after the creek and is home to 6th, 7th, and 8th graders.
John Vincent Cain
John Vincent Cain (1907 – 7 August 1940) was a British civilian aviator, AWOL soldier, convicted petty criminal, and confidence man who appeared as an unreliable narrator in newspaper coverage of 1930s European international relations. He may (or may not) have been involved in delivering planes and weapons to both sides of the Spanish Civil War. He was also apparently a passenger on the plane from which Max Wenner fell to his death in 1937. He himself committed suicide when about to be arrested in 1940.

Max Wenner
Max Victor Wenner (15 April 1887 – 4 January 1937) was a Briton of Swiss ancestry, textile business heir, country squire, wildlife photographer, citizen scientist (usually publishing as M.V. Wenner), and possible MI6 agent engaged in European espionage in the interwar period. He fell, jumped or was pushed out of a plane flying over Belgium in 1937. The exact circumstances of Wenner's death remain poorly understood but suggestions of Nazi involvement began shortly after the discovery of his body and have continued to the present day. News articles published in the wake of his death described Max Wenner as a "man of mystery".
Brother, I'm Dying
Brother, I'm Dying is a 2007 family memoir by novelist Edwidge Danticat, published by Alfred A. Knopf. In 2007, the title won the American National Book Critics Circle Award and was also nominated for the American National Book Award. It won the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award for non-fiction.

Edwidge Danticat
Edwidge Danticat (Haitian Creole pronunciation: [edˈwidʒ dãtiˈka]; born January 19, 1969) is a Haitian American novelist and short story writer. Her first novel, Breath, Eyes, Memory, was published in 1994 and went on to become an Oprah's Book Club selection. Danticat has since written or edited several books and has been the recipient of many awards and honors. Her work has dealt with themes of national identity, mother-daughter relationships, and diasporic politics. In 2023, she was named the Wun Tsun Tam Mellon Professor of the Humanities in the department of African American and African Diaspora Studies at Columbia University.
Norman Jewson
Norman Jewson (12 February 1884 – 28 August 1975) was an English architect-craftsman of the Arts and Crafts movement, who practised in the Cotswolds. He was a distinguished, younger member of the group which had settled in Sapperton, Gloucestershire, a village in rural southwest England, under the influence of Ernest Gimson. Surviving into old age, he brought their ideas and working methods into the second half of the twentieth century. His book of reminiscences has become established as a minor classic of the English Arts and Crafts movement. His repair of the Tudor Owlpen Manor in 1925–26 is often regarded as his most representative and successful work.

Kilve
Kilve is a village in Somerset, England, within the Quantock Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the first AONB to be established, in 1957.

It lies on the A39 almost exactly equidistant from Bridgwater to the east and Minehead to the west. The village includes a 17th-century coaching inn, and a post office and stores. This part of the village, formerly known as Putsham, also contains the village hall, which was extended to celebrate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Not far away is Doniford a settlement near the harbour town of Watchet.
Lionel Fulcher
Lionel William Fulcher B.Sc. (3 January 1866 – 11 May 1945) was a British philatelist who co-edited, with Stanley Phillips, Gibbons Stamp Monthly, was Vice President of the International Philatelic Union and was a key figure in the Fiscal Philatelic Society. He was an expert on the early stamps of Japan and also studied Venezuela, Peru, Nicaragua, Papal States and Norway.

He was for a time the editor of Morley's Philatelic Journal, A Monthly Paper For Collectors of Postage, Revenue, Telegraph and Railway stamps and also of The Philatelic Record.

Fulcher was a member of the Royal Philatelic Society London from 1901 where he also became the Honorary Librarian and was a frequent exhibitor at meetings.

In 1921, Fulcher was entered on the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists.

Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
The Roll of Distinguished Philatelists (RDP) is a philatelic award of international scale, created by the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain in 1921 to honour those who have advanced philately through research, expertise, or service. The Roll consists of five pieces of parchment to which the signatories add their names. New honorees continue to be added annually.
Tytherington Old Hall
Tytherington Old Hall is a former country house in the Tytherington area of Macclesfield, Cheshire, England.  It was built in the late 16th century for the Worth family.  The building was much altered during the 20th century, and as of 2010 was in use as an office.  Since 2006, it has been renovated and converted to a family home.  The house is constructed in timber framing on a stone plinth with stone-flagged roofs.  The timber-framing includes close studding and herringbone decoration.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Tytherington, Cheshire
Tytherington is an area in the north of Macclesfield, in the Cheshire East district, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It comprises a large residential housing estate and has a church, Tytherington Family Worship Church, an academy school, Tytherington School and a golf club. Tytherington Wood forms part of Macclesfield Riverside Park. Tytherington Business Park lies to the north-east.

Manchester Road divides the housing estate, the "Dorchester Way area" being to the west and "Rugby Drive area" to the east. Rugby Drive derives its name from Macclesfield Rugby Club, since relocated to Prestbury. The rugby pitch remains but is used predominantly for football.

Tytherington has become a relatively affluent residential area, the average house price being around £320,000.
Louisiana Highway 23
Louisiana Highway 23 (LA 23) is a north–south state highway in Louisiana that serves Plaquemines and Jefferson Parishes. It spans 74.0 miles (119.1 km) in roughly a southeast to northwest direction.  The section in from Gretna to Belle Chasse, Louisiana is known locally as Belle Chasse Highway; portions in Gretna are also signed as the pre-existing Lafayette Street.

Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Jefferson Parish (French: Paroisse de Jefferson) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 440,781. Its parish seat is Gretna, its largest community is Metairie, and its largest incorporated city is Kenner. Jefferson Parish is included in the Greater New Orleans area.
Vericiguat
Vericiguat, sold under the brand name Verquvo, is a medication used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization in certain patients with heart failure after a recent acute decompensation event. It is taken by mouth. Vericiguat is a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator.

Common side effects include low blood pressure and low red cell count (anemia).

It was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2021, and for use in the European Union in July 2021.

Soluble guanylyl cyclase
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is one of the gasoreceptors for nitric oxide, NO.  It is soluble, i.e. completely intracellular. Most notably, this enzyme is involved in vasodilation. In humans, it is encoded by the genes GUCY1A2, GUCY1A3, GUCY1B2 and GUCY1B3.

It is classified under EC number 4.6.1.2.
Wesleyan Christian Academy
Wesleyan Christian Academy is a K–12 private, college preparatory, Christian school located in High Point, North Carolina, United States. It is accredited by Cognia and the Association of Christian Schools International.

High Point, North Carolina
High Point is a city in the Piedmont Triad region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. Most of the city is in Guilford County, with parts extending into Randolph, Davidson, and Forsyth counties. As of the 2020 census the city had a total population of 114,059. High Point is the ninth-most populous in North Carolina, the third-largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad, and the 259th-most populous city in the U.S.

Major industries in High Point include furniture, textiles, and bus manufacturing. The city's official slogan is "North Carolina's International City" due to the semi-annual High Point Furniture Market that attracts 100,000 exhibitors and buyers from around the world. It is home to High Point University, a private Methodist-affiliated institution founded in 1924.

The current mayor of High Point is Cyril Jefferson.
Luis Eduardo Gómez
Luis Eduardo Gómez  (ca. 1941  – 30 June 2011), a Colombian, was working as a freelance journalist for local newspapers in the Urabá region of Antioquia, Colombia. Gómez was shot by gunmen on his way home and his death grabbed the attention of people worldwide. His death brought to light corruption taking place between local politicians and paramilitary groups.

Urabá Antioquia
Urabá Antioquia is a region of Colombia's Antioquia Department that consists of two non-contiguous sections, one forming the northwest of the department, the other the west. Both are along the Atrato River. They are separated by the El Carmen del Darién and Riosucio municipalities of Chocó Department, with territories in both municipalities in dispute with Chocó. The region is made up by 11 municipalities. Most of this region's northern portion is part of the Colombian Caribbean Region bordering the Caribbean Sea.
2022–23 CSA Women's Provincial T20 Competition
The 2022–23 CSA Women's Provincial T20 Competition was the 10th edition of South Africa's provincial Twenty20 cricket tournament. The tournament ran from September 2022 to April 2023, with 16 teams competing in three divisions. Western Province were the defending champions.

Central Gauteng won the competition, topping the Top 6 table.

Central Gauteng women's cricket team
The Central Gauteng women's cricket team, also known as DP World Lions and previously known as Southern Transvaal women's cricket team, Transvaal women's cricket team and Gauteng women's cricket team, is the women's representative cricket team for part of the South African province of Gauteng. They compete in the CSA Women's One-Day Cup and the CSA Women's T20 Challenge.
Terminus (2000 video game)
Terminus is a space-flight role-playing action video game by Vicarious Visions. It was released in 2000 for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Apple Macintosh. Terminus won awards in the 1999 Independent Games Festival for "Technical Excellence" and "Innovation in Audio".

Independent Games Festival
The Independent Games Festival (IGF) is an annual festival at the Game Developers Conference (GDC), the largest annual gathering of the independent video game industry. Originally founded in 1998 to promote independent video game developers, and innovation in video game development by CMP Media, later known as UBM Technology Group, IGF is now owned by Informa after UBM's acquisition.

The IGF competition awards a total of $50,000 in prizes to independent developers in Main Competition and Student Competition categories and held around the same time as the Game Developers Choice Awards event.

From 2007 to 2010, there was a separate event called IGF Mobile for mobile phone games.
Battles of Rzhev
The Battles of Rzhev (Russian: Ржевская битва, romanized: Rzhevskaya bitva) were a series of Red Army offensives against the Wehrmacht between 8 January 1942 and 31 March 1943, on the Eastern Front of World War II. The battles took place in the northeast of Smolensk Oblast and the south of Tver Oblast, in and around the salient surrounding Rzhev. Due to the high losses suffered by the Red Army, the campaign became known by veterans and historians as the "Rzhev Meat Grinder" (Russian: Ржевская мясорубка, romanized: Rzhevskaya myasorubka).

Rzhev
Rzhev (Russian: Ржев, IPA: [ˈrʐɛf]) is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, located 49 kilometers (30 mi) southwest of Staritsa and 126 kilometers (78 mi) from Tver, on the highway and railway connecting Moscow and Riga. It is the uppermost town situated on the Volga River. Population:  61,982 (2010 Census); 63,729 (2002 Census); 69,808 (1989 Soviet census).
Raid on Rochefort
The Raid on Rochefort (or Descent on Rochefort) was a British amphibious attempt to capture the French Atlantic  port of Rochefort in September 1757 during the Seven Years' War. The raid pioneered a new tactic of "descents" on the French coast, championed by William Pitt who had taken office a few months earlier.

After a number of delays the expedition reached the French coast, capturing the offshore island of Île d'Aix. With the army commander Sir John Mordaunt refusing to attempt a landing, the force sailed for home. The raid ended in failure, but it was followed by several similar operations in the subsequent years.

Île-d'Aix
Île-d'Aix (pronounced [il dɛks]) is a commune in the French department of Charente-Maritime, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (before 2015: Poitou-Charentes), off the west coast of France. It occupies the territory of the small Isle of Aix (French: île d'Aix), in the Atlantic Ocean. It is a popular place for tourist day-trips during the summer months.
Bangor East and Donaghadee (District Electoral Area)
Bangor East and Donaghadee is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Ards and North Down, Northern Ireland. The district elects six members to Ards and North Down Borough Council and contains the wards of Ballycrochan, Ballymagee, Donaghadee, Groomsport, Silverbirch and Warren. Bangor East and Donaghadee forms part of the North Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 2014 local elections, largely replacing the Ballyholme and Groomsport DEA, and parts of the Ards East DEA, which had existed since 1985 and 1993 respectively.

Ballyholme and Groomsport (District Electoral Area)
Ballyholme and Groomsport was one of the four district electoral areas in North Down, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected six members to North Down Borough Council until 1993 and seven members until 2014, and formed part of the North Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing North Down Area A which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Ballyholme, Ballymaconnell, Ballymagee, Broadway, Churchill and Groomsport. In 1993 it gained an additional ward, Ballycrochan. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and mainly replaced by the Bangor East and Donaghadee DEA.