hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Gostynin
Gmina Gostynin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Gostynin, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 270.69 square kilometres (104.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,245.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Gostynin-Włocławek Landscape Park.

Gostynin and Włocławek Landscape Park
Gostynin and Włocławek Landscape Park (Gostynińsko-Włocławski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in north-central Poland, established in 1979, covering an area of 389.50 square kilometres (150.39 sq mi).

The Park is shared between two voivodeships: Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and Masovian Voivodeship. Within Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship it lies in Włocławek County (Gmina Baruchowo, Gmina Kowal, Gmina Włocławek). Within Masovian Voivodeship it lies in Gostynin County (Gmina Gostynin) and Płock County (Gmina Łąck, Gmina Nowy Duninów), between the cities of Włocławek and Płock south of the Vistula.

Within the Landscape Park are 13 nature reserves.
Trigram tagger
In computational linguistics, a trigram tagger is a statistical method for automatically identifying words as being nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. based on second order Markov models that consider triples of consecutive words.  It is trained on a text corpus as a method to predict the next word, taking the product of the probabilities of unigram, bigram and trigram. In speech recognition, algorithms utilizing trigram-tagger score better than those algorithms utilizing IIMM tagger but less well than Net tagger.

The description of the trigram tagger is provided by Brants (2000).

Part-of-speech tagging
In corpus linguistics, part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging, PoS tagging, or POST), also called grammatical tagging, is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition and its context.
A simplified form of this is commonly taught to school-age children, in the identification of words as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.

Once performed by hand, POS tagging is now done in the context of computational linguistics, using algorithms which associate discrete terms, as well as hidden parts of speech, by a set of descriptive tags. POS-tagging algorithms fall into two distinctive groups: rule-based and stochastic. E. Brill's tagger, one of the first and most widely used English POS taggers, employs rule-based algorithms.
Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan
Pratapgarh district is the 33rd district of Rajasthan, created on 26 January 2008. It is a part of Udaipur Division and has been carved out from the erstwhile tehsils of Chittorgarh, Udaipur and Banswara districts. Pratapgarh town (Pin Code 312605, STD Code 01478) is the administrative headquarters of the district.

Mandsaur
Mandsaur is a city and a municipality in Mandsaur district located on the border of Mewar and Malwa regions of Madhya Pradesh, a state in Central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Mandsaur District. The ancient Pashupatinath Temple is located in Mandsaur. Later come under Gwalior state Which was 2nd biggest state. Mandsaur is famous for its opium farming.
DuPont—Lakeland Line
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad's DuPont—Lakeland Line (R Line) was a historic rail line in southern Georgia and the northern west coast of Florida.    On employee timetables, the line was actually divided into the DuPont—High Springs Line (which was part of the company's Waycross District) and the High Springs—Lakeland Line (which was part of the company's Ocala District).  The line was primarily used for freight, though some passenger services ran on parts of it in Florida.  While parts of the line were built as early as 1863, the full line was not complete until 1913.  Parts of the line in Florida are still active today.

South Florida Railroad
The South Florida Railroad was a railroad from Sanford, Florida, to Tampa, Florida, becoming part of the Plant System in 1893 and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902.  It served as the southernmost segment of the Atlantic Coast Line's main line.  The line remains in service today and is now part of the Central Florida Rail Corridor in the Orlando metro area.  The rest of the line remains under the ownership of CSX Transportation as part of their A Line.
Agha Kishi Beg
Agha Kishi Beg (Persian: آقا کیشی بیگ) was the khan of the Shaki Khanate from 1755 to 1759.

Agha Kishi Beg was a son of Haji Chalabi Khan, the khan of Shaki and a grandson of the priest of the former church of Kish. In 1755, Haji Chalabi Khan died and was succeeded by his Agha Kishi Beg. In addition to fortifying the town of Shaki, Agha Kishi Beg carried on his father's policy of maintaining cordial ties with the nearby khanates of Shirvan and Quba. Agha Kishi Beg married the daughter of the Qazi-Qomuq chief in Daghestan, Mohammad Khan. In 1759, Agha Kishi Beg was persuaded to a meeting where he was killed by Mohammad Khan and the latters ally Soltan Ali, a well-known local figure. A grandson of Hajji Chalabi Khan, Muhammad Husayn Khan Mushtaq, was sent away to safety in Shirvan by the dignitaries of the Shaki khanate. He came back some months later, expelled the Qazi-Qomuq, and reinstated his family's rule in Shaki.

Shaki Khanate
The Shaki Khanate (also spelled Shakki; Persian: خانات شکی, romanized: Khānāt-e Shakkī) was a khanate under Iranian and later Russian suzerainty, which controlled the town of Shaki and its surroundings, now located in present-day Azerbaijan.
Antiparasitic
Antiparasitics are a class of medications which are indicated for the treatment of parasitic diseases, such as those caused by helminths, amoeba, ectoparasites, parasitic fungi, and protozoa, among others. Antiparasitics target the parasitic agents of the infections by destroying them or inhibiting their growth; they are usually effective against a limited number of parasites within a particular class. Antiparasitics are one of the antimicrobial drugs which include antibiotics that target bacteria, and antifungals that target fungi. They may be administered orally, intravenously or topically. Overuse or misuse of antiparasitics can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Broad-spectrum antiparasitics, analogous to broad-spectrum antibiotics for bacteria, are antiparasitic drugs with efficacy in treating a wide range of parasitic infections caused by parasites from different classes.

Parasitic disease
A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused by parasites. Parasites are organisms which derive sustenance from its host while causing it harm. The study of parasites and parasitic diseases is known as parasitology. Medical parasitology is concerned with three major groups of parasites: parasitic protozoa, helminths, and parasitic arthropods. Parasitic diseases are thus considered those diseases that are caused by pathogens belonging taxonomically to either the animal kingdom, or the protozoan kingdom.
2014 Nigeria GDP rebasing
In April 2014, the National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria, under the government of Nigeria, announced changes to the way it calculated GDP, changing the calculation to more accurately reflect current prices and market structure, thus giving more weight to Nollywood and mobile phone services that had grown a lot recently. As a result, Nigeria's estimate of its GDP increased by 89%, moving it from Africa's second biggest economy (after South Africa) to the biggest economy. These changes were known as the 2014 Nigeria GDP rebasing or simply the rebasing.: viii

2010 Ghana GDP rebasing
In November 2010, the government of Ghana made a number of changes to the way it calculated GDP, resulting in a 60% upward change in its estimate. The change led to discussion of the accuracy of GDP estimates, particularly in the context of Africa. It was also the first of many rebasings undertaken by African economies, most of which led to significant upward revisions in their estimates of GDP.
Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Jorge Tadeo Lozano de Peralta, Viscount of Pastrana (January 30, 1771 – July 6, 1816) was a Neogranadine (now Colombian) scientist, journalist, and politician who presided over the Constituent College of Cundinamarca and was elected President of Cundinamarca in 1811.

Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca
The Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (Spanish: Estado Libre e Independiente de Cundinamarca) was a rebel state in colonial Colombia. It included parts of the former New Kingdom of Granada (part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada). The state originated as a result of the Foolish Fatherland (Patria Boba) period at the beginning of the Spanish American wars of independence. Its capital was Bogotá, the former capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada.
Bruce Canepa
Bruce Canepa is a retired American race car driver and car dealer. He has competed in IMSA GT, sprint car racing, super modifieds, and the Trans Am Series. He finished third in the 1979 24 Hours of Daytona with co-drivers Rick Mears and Monte Shelton. Canepa has also raced with Bobby Rahal in the first March GTP car. He also competed multiple times in the Pikes Peak Hill Climb. He is currently a regular at the Monterey Historic Automobile Races. His sports and race car restoration facility is located in Scotts Valley, California.

Monterey Motorsports Reunion
The Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion is an annual event held at WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca in Monterey, California. Its purpose is to provide an event in which historic racecars can compete. It takes place over the course of one weekend every mid-August. It was first established by Steve Earle in 1974 as the Monterey Historic Automobile Races. Earle organized the meeting for his friends to race their cars at Laguna Seca. The event, known as the Monterey Historics until 2010, acts as a part of Monterey Car Week, which includes the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance and other events.

Approximately 550 cars participate in the event.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 event was canceled.
Open Kernel Labs
Open Kernel Labs (OK Labs) is a privately owned company that develops microkernel-based hypervisors and operating systems for embedded systems. The company was founded in 2006 by Steve Subar and Gernot Heiser as a spinout from NICTA. It was headquartered in Chicago, while research and development was located in Sydney, Australia. The company was acquired by General Dynamics in September 2012.

Gernot Heiser
Gernot Heiser (born 1957) is a German-Australian computer scientist. He is a Scientia Professor and  the John Lions Chair for operating systems at UNSW Sydney, where he leads the Trustworthy Systems group (TS).
The OMD Singles
The OMD Singles is a singles compilation album by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, released in 1998. It reached number 16 on the UK Albums Chart. Originally, the compilation was to include a second disc of new remixes; however, this idea was abandoned due to budget limitations. The few remixes that were produced were released separately as The OMD Remixes. In 2003, The OMD Singles was reissued in France with the remix disc finally included, comprising the 1998 remixes as well as additional remixes. In the same year Virgin also released a two-disc box set comprising The OMD Singles and Navigation: The OMD B-Sides.

Messages (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)
"Messages" is a song by English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) from their self-titled debut studio album (1980). A re-recorded version of the song was released on 2 May 1980 as the album's third and final single, reaching number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and becoming OMD's first top-40 entry. As with their debut single "Electricity", "Messages" features a melodic synth break instead of a sung chorus.
Wells (UK Parliament constituency)
Wells was a constituency in Somerset in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Apart from between 2010–2015, Wells was represented by members of the Conservative Party since 1924.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished, with most of it being transferred to the new constituency of Wells and Mendip Hills, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.

2023 review of Westminster constituencies
The 2023 review of Westminster constituencies was the most recent cycle of the process to redraw the constituency map for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The new constituency boundaries were approved by the Privy Council on 15 November 2023 and came into law on 29 November. It is the first review of Westminster boundaries to be successfully implemented since 2010.

These constituencies were first contested at the 2024 general election.
Chiba Shrine
Chiba Shrine (千葉神社, Chiba-jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in Chūō-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture. Originally a Buddhist temple dedicated to the deity Myōken, the patron of the Chiba clan, it was converted into a Shinto shrine dedicated to Ame-no-Minakanushi (a kami in Japanese mythology conflated with Myōken) during the Meiji period.

Due to its historical status as one of the principal centers of Myōken worship in Chiba Prefecture associated with the Chiba clan, the shrine is also popularly known as Chiba Dai-Myōken (千葉大妙見, "Great Myōken [Shrine] of Chiba"), Myōken Hongū (妙見本宮, the ″Main Shrine (Hongū) of Myōken″), or simply as Myōken-sama (妙見様).

Chūō-ku, Chiba
Chūō Ward (中央区, Chūō-ku) is one of the six wards of the city of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and is the seat of the city government, and the location of the prefectural government offices for Chiba Prefecture. It is also the commercial center of Chiba. As of April 2012, the ward had an estimated population of 200,157 and a population density of 4,470 persons per km2. The total area was 44.81 km2, making it the most populous of the six wards of Chiba city.
Demyansky District
Demyansky District (Russian: Демянский район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Krestetsky District in the north, Valdaysky District in the northeast, Firovsky District of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Ostashkovsky District of Tver Oblast in the south, Maryovsky District in the southwest, Starorussky District in the west, and with Parfinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,200 square kilometers (1,200 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Demyansk. Population: 13,001 (2010 Census); 16,020 (2002 Census); 18,488 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Demyansk accounts for 41.3% of the district's total population.

Firovsky District
Firovsky District  (Russian: Фи́ровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with the urban-type settlement of Ozyorny in the north, Bologovsky District in the northeast, Vyshnevolotsky District in the east, Kuvshinovsky District in the south, Ostashkovsky District in the southwest, Demyansky District of Novgorod Oblast in the west, and with Valdaysky District, also of Novgorod Oblast, in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,836 square kilometers (709 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Firovo. Population: 9,396 (2010 Census);  11,919 (2002 Census); 14,282 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Firovo accounts for 25.9% of the district's total population.
Belém Palace
The Belém Palace (Portuguese: Palácio de Belém), formally the National Palace of Belém (Portuguese: Palácio Nacional de Belém), is the current official residence of the president of Portugal, the head of state of Portugal. Located in the Belém District of Lisbon, the palace's main façade fronts the Afonso de Albuquerque Square, facing the Tagus River. A former residence of the Portuguese royal family, the Belém Palace complex is made up of various buildings, wings, courtyards, and gardens, built variously from the 18th to 21st centuries.

Jorge Sampaio
Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio GColTE GColIH GColL (European Portuguese: [ˈʒɔɾʒɨ sɐ̃ˈpaju] ⓘ; 18 September 1939 – 10 September 2021) was a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the president of Portugal from 1996 to 2006. Sampaio was a member of the Socialist Party, a party which he led between 1989 and 1992. He served as the Mayor of Lisbon from 1990 to 1995 and High-Representative for the United Nations' Alliance of Civilizations between 2007 and 2013.

Sampaio was an opponent to the dictatorship of Estado Novo. He participated in the student crisis in the 1960s and worked as a lawyer for political prisoners. During his presidency, Portugal relinquished its last colony, Macau, to China. Sampaio also played an important role in the 1999 East Timorese crisis.
Shelby County High School (Kentucky)
Shelby County High School is a public high school in Shelbyville, Shelby County, Kentucky, United States. The school was established in 1960 and later absorbed Shelbyville High School, remaining the only high school in the district until the opening of Martha Layne Collins High School in 2010 to meet overcrowding concerns. The split of the school cut the school's population roughly in half.

Shelby County, Kentucky
Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,065. Its county seat is Shelbyville. The county was established in 1792 and named for Isaac Shelby, the first Governor of Kentucky.
Shelby County is part of the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. Shelby County's motto is "Good Land, Good Living, Good People".
Meg Masters
Meg Masters is a fictional character on The CW Television Network's drama and horror television series Supernatural. Created by the series' writers to develop a story arc for the first season, Meg is an unnamed demon who assumes the name of the host she possesses and begins antagonizing the series protagonists Sam and Dean Winchester. Nicki Aycox portrays her in the first season. Meg returns in the second season, possessing Sam and as such, was played by Jared Padalecki. The writers wanted Aycox to reprise the role in later seasons, but ultimately cast Rachel Miner for storyline purposes. Miner's incarnation evolves into an ally of the Winchesters and the angel Castiel over the course of the sixth, seventh, and eighth seasons.

In season 15, the entity known as the Empty assumes Meg's form to communicate with the Winchesters and Castiel.

Supernatural season 8
The eighth season of Supernatural, an American dark fantasy television series created by Eric Kripke, premiered October 3, 2012, and concluded on May 15, 2013, airing 23 episodes. It is the first season headed by Jeremy Carver as executive producer and showrunner. It aired on Wednesdays at 9:00 pm (ET) on The CW. The season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on September 10, 2013, in region 2 on October 28, 2013, and in region 4 on September 25, 2014. The eighth season had an average viewership of 2.12 million U.S. viewers. In the season, Dean reunites with Sam after escaping from Purgatory. The duo team up with the prophet, Kevin, to complete a series of trials that will allow them to close the gates of Hell for good.
Vaccination Week In The Americas
Vaccination Week In The Americas (VWA) is an annual public health campaign by the member states of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) to promote equity and access to immunization. It is marked each year during the last week of April.

Since 2012, the campaign has been celebrated globally across all regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) under World Immunization Week. The WHO reports there are 25 diseases for which vaccines exist for their prevention and control.

Pan American Health Organization
The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) in charge of international health cooperation in the Americas. It fosters technical cooperation among member countries to fight communicable and noncommunicable diseases, strengthen health systems, and respond to emergencies and disasters.

PAHO has 35 Member States and four Associate Members in the region. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., PAHO is the regional office for the World Health Organization in the Americas, and the health organization of the Inter-American System. It is known in Latin America as the OPS  (Spanish: Organización Panamericana de la Salud) or OPAS (Portuguese: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde).
Erika Roe
Erika Roe (born 30 December 1957), also known as the Twickenham Streaker, is a woman remembered for a topless run across the pitch of Twickenham Stadium near London, England, during an England vs. Australia rugby union match on 2 January 1982. It has been described by the BBC as "perhaps the most famous of all streaks". Roe, who later attributed the inspiration to alcohol, ran onto the field during half time, exposing her 40-inch (102 cm) breasts.

Roe and Sarah Bennett, the friend who joined her streak, were corralled by officials.

Streaking
Streaking is the act of running naked through a public area for publicity, for fun, as a prank, a dare, a form of protest, or to participate in a fad. Streaking is often associated with sporting events, but can occur in more secluded areas. Streakers are often pursued by sporting officials or the police.
Aglaophon
Aglaophon (Ancient Greek: Ἀγλαοφῶν Aglaofon) was an ancient Greek painter, born on the island of Thasos.  He was the father and instructor of Polygnotus.  He had another son named Aristophon.  As Polygnotus flourished before the 90th Olympiad, Aglaophon probably lived around the 70th Olympiad, that is, around the late 6th or early 5th century BC.  Quintilian praises his paintings, which were distinguished by the simplicity of their coloring, as worthy of admiration on other grounds besides their antiquity.

Thasos
Thasos (Greek: Θάσος [ˈθasos]) is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. It is the northernmost major Greek island, and 12th largest by area.

The island has an area of 380 km2 and a population of about 13,000. It forms a separate regional unit within the East Macedonia and Thrace region. Before the local administration reform of 2011, it was part of the Kavala Prefecture. The largest town and the capital is Thasos, officially known as Limenas Thasou, "Port of Thasos", situated on the northern side. It is connected with the mainland by regular ferry lines between Keramoti and Thasos town, and between the regional centre of Kavala and Skala Prinou.

The most important economic activity on the island is tourism. The main agricultural products are honey, almonds, walnuts, olives (such as the local Throumba variety which has a protected designation of origin), olive oil, and wine. The inhabitants also engage in fishing, and in the herding of sheep and goats.
Survivors Rowe
Survivors Rowe is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Daniel Roher and released in 2015. The film profiles three of the victims of Ralph Rowe, a former Anglican Church of Canada priest who was convicted in 2012 of sexual abuse against First Nations boys from the Nishnawbe Aski Nation in Northern Ontario.

The film premiered on April 26, 2015, at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival. It was subsequently broadcast on TVOntario in 2016, and received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Documentary Program at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards.

Daniel Roher
Daniel Roher (/rɔːr/) is a Canadian documentary film director from Toronto, Ontario.

He is most noted for his 2019 film Once Were Brothers: Robbie Robertson and the Band, which was the opening film of the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival, and his 2022 film Navalny, about the Russian opposition leader, lawyer, anti-corruption activist, and political prisoner Alexei Navalny, which won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film at the 95th Academy Awards.