hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrially inherited (transmitted from mother to offspring) degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons that leads to an acute or subacute loss of central vision; it predominantly affects adult males, and onset is more likely in younger adults. LHON is  transmitted only through the mother, as it is primarily due to mutations in the mitochondrial (not nuclear) genome, and only the egg contributes mitochondria to the embryo. Men cannot pass on the disease to their offspring. LHON is usually due to one of three pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations. These mutations are at nucleotide positions 11778 G to A, 3460 G to A and 14484 T to C, respectively in the ND4, ND1 and ND6 subunit genes of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation chain in mitochondria.

Optic neuropathy
Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain.

Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye. A pale disc is characteristic of long-standing optic neuropathy. In many cases, only one eye is affected and a person may not be aware of the loss of color vision until the examiner asks them to cover the healthy eye.

Optic neuropathy is often called optic atrophy, to describe the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve.
Malafemmena
"Malafemmena" (pronounced [malaˈfemmənə]; "Bad Woman") is a song written by the Neapolitan actor Totò (Antonio de Curtis) in 1951. It has become one of the most popular Italian songs, a classic of the Canzone Napoletana genre, and has been recorded by many artists.

Totò
Antonio Griffo Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno Porfirogenito Gagliardi De Curtis di Bisanzio (15 February 1898 – 15 April 1967), best known by his stage name Totò (Italian: [toˈtɔ]), or simply as Antonio de Curtis, and nicknamed il principe della risata ("the prince of laughter"), was an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter, dramatist, poet, singer and lyricist. He is commonly referred to as one of the most popular Italian performers of all time. While best known for his funny and sometimes cynical comic characters in theatre and then many successful comedy films made from the 1940s to the 1960s, he also worked with many iconic Italian film directors in dramatic roles.
Johann Jakob Zeiller
Johann Jakob Zeiller (8 July 1708 – 8 July 1783) was an Austrian painter.

Zeiller was born in Reutte, trained by his father Paul who was also a painter. In 1723 he began his apprenticeship with Sebastiano Conca in Rome, and then from 1729 to 1732 with Francesco Solimena in Naples.  From there, Zeiller moved directly to Vienna, where he operated from 1733 until 1743 as an employee of Paul Troger. In 1737 he received the coveted title of an imperial court painter from the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.

Zeiller painted primarily religious-themed frescoes. He did frescoes for the Aldersbach Abbey in Fürstenzell and the Ettal Abbey. He later returned to Reutte where he continued to work until his death in 1783. He contributed many frescoes in churches in Tyrol.

Reutte
Reutte (German: [ˈʁɔʏtə] ⓘ; Swabian: Raete) is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the administrative center of the Reutte district (Districts of Austria). Reutte is located on the Lech, and has a population of 6,704 (as of 2018).
Gloucester County, New York
Gloucester County, New York, is a former county in New York that became part of the state of Vermont.  It was a part of Albany County in the Province of New York until 1770, and was abandoned to Vermont in 1777.  At that time, Vermont was holding itself out as the Vermont Republic and did not become a state until 1791.

Albany County, New York
Albany County (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is a county in the state of New York, United States. Its northern border is formed by the Mohawk River, at its confluence with the Hudson River, which is to the east. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 314,848. The county seat and largest city is Albany, which is also the state capital of New York. As originally established by the English government in the colonial era, Albany County had an indefinite amount of land, but has had an area of 530 square miles (1,400 km2) since March 3, 1888. The county is named for the Duke of York and of Albany, who became James II of England (James VII of Scotland). The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Pit cave
A pit cave, shaft cave or vertical cave—or often simply called a pit (in the US) and pothole or pot (in the UK); jama in Slavic languages scientific and colloquial vocabulary (borrowed since early research in the Western Balkan Dinaric Alpine karst)—is a type of cave which contains one or more significant vertical shafts rather than being predominantly a conventional horizontal cave passage. Pits typically form in limestone as a result of long-term erosion by water. They can be open to the surface or found deep within horizontal caves. Among US cavers, a pit, usually referred to as a 'pitch' in UK English, is a vertical drop of any depth that cannot be negotiated safely without the use of ropes or ladders.

Single-rope technique
The single-rope techniques (SRT) are a set of methods used to descend and ascend on the same single rope. Single-rope techniques are used in caving, potholing, rock climbing, canyoning, roped access for building maintenance, and by arborists for tree climbing, although to avoid confusion in the tree climbing community, many have taken to calling them "stationary" rope techniques.

Single-rope techniques are used in contrast to double-rope techniques (DRT), also known as the moving-rope techniques.
Brzezinka, Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory
Brzezinka (Polish: [bʐɛˈʑiŋka]; sometimes also Brzezinki [bʐɛˈʑiŋkʲi]) is the part of Warszawice village, Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory. The population is near 40. From 1975 to 1998 this place was in Siedlce Voivodeship.

Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory
Gmina Sobienie-Jeziory is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Sobienie-Jeziory, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Otwock and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 97.37 square kilometres (37.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,229.
Cult (TV series)
Cult is an American mystery psychological thriller television series created by Rockne S. O'Bannon that ran on The CW from February 19 to July 12, 2013. The series centers on a journalist blogger and a production assistant, who investigate a series of mysterious disappearances that are linked to a popular television series named Cult.

On February 27, 2013, The CW announced that starting March 8 Cult would air on Fridays at 9:00 pm Eastern/8:00 pm Central. On April 10, 2013, Cult was canceled and removed from the schedule. The CW began airing the six remaining episodes on June 28, 2013.

Robert Knepper
Robert Lyle Knepper (born July 8, 1959) is an American actor best known for his role as Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell in the Fox drama series Prison Break (2005–2009, 2017), Samuel Sullivan in the final season of the NBC series Heroes (2009–2010),  Angus McDonough in The CW series iZombie (2015–2018) and Rodney Mitchum in Showtime's revival of Twin Peaks (2017). He has appeared in films such as Hitman (2007), Transporter 3 (2008) and Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016).
Alforja
Alforja (Catalan pronunciation: [əlˈfɔɾʒə]) is a municipality in the comarca of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 2,019 (register office, 2024) .

The main monuments are Sant Miquel church in the town, as well as the shrines of Sant Antoni de Pàdua and Mare de Déu de Puigcerver outside its perimeter.

The Prades Mountains are located in the vicinity of this municipality.

Prades Mountains
Prades Mountains, also known as Muntanyes de Prades, is a large calcareous mountain massif straddling the comarcas of Alt Camp, Baix Camp, Conca de Barberà, Garrigues and Priorat, in Catalonia, Spain. They are a Site of Community Importance.

These mountains have characteristic large and rounded rocky outcrops. They are mostly heavily forested with oak and pine trees, and the non-native chestnut tree has adapted to the local forests.
Tattenhall Hall
Tattenhall Hall is a country house standing to the south of the village of Tattenhall, Cheshire, England. The house is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

The house was built in the early part of the 17th century, before 1622, for Richard Bostock. Sir J Bradshaw of Chester owned the house by 1666 and it later became a farmhouse.

The house was bought in 1856 by Robert Barbour who restored the house and commissioned Thomas Harrison to design gate piers and farm buildings.  In the early 20th century the owners were the Cooke family. In 1994 the house, along with 4.5 acres (1.8 ha) of land, was bought by the Benfields and Jannie Hollins and Chris Evered.

Tattenhall
Tattenhall is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Tattenhall and District, 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Chester, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. In the 2001 census, the population was recorded as 1,986, increasing to 2,079 by the 2011 census.
Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments
The palmar carpometacarpal ligaments (or volar) are a series of bands on the palmar surface of the carpometacarpal joints that connect the carpal bones to the second through fifth metacarpal bones. The second metacarpal is connected to the trapezium. The third metacarpal is connected to the trapezium, to the capitate, and to the hamate. The fourth and fifth metacarpals are connected to the hamate.

The palmar carpometacarpal ligaments have a somewhat similar arrangement to the dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, with the exception of those of the third metacarpal, which are three in number:

a lateral one from the greater multangular, situated superficial to the sheath of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis;

and intermediate one from the capitate;

and a medial one from the hamate.

Carpal bones
The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm. The terms "carpus" and "carpal" are derived from the Latin carpus and the Greek καρπός (karpós), meaning "wrist". In human anatomy, the main role of the carpal bones is to articulate with the radial and ulnar heads to form a highly mobile condyloid joint (i.e. wrist joint), to provide attachments for thenar and hypothenar muscles, and to form part of the rigid carpal tunnel which allows the median nerve and tendons of the anterior forearm muscles to be transmitted to the hand and fingers.

In tetrapods, the carpus is the sole cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically.
Prince William Sound
Prince William Sound (Sugpiaq: Suungaaciq) is a sound off the Gulf of Alaska on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is located on the east side of the Kenai Peninsula. Its largest port is Valdez, at the southern terminus of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. Other settlements on the sound, which contains numerous small islands, include Cordova and Whittier plus the Alaska native villages of Chenega and Tatitlek.

Whittier, Alaska
Whittier is a city at the head of the Passage Canal in the Chugach Census Area in the Unorganized Borough of Alaska, about 58 miles (93 km) southeast of Anchorage. The city is located within the Chugach Census Area, established in 2019 when the former Valdez–Cordova Census Area was dissolved.

The city's population was 272 at the 2020 census, having increased from 220 in 2010. Almost all of its residents live in the Begich Towers Condominium, earning it the nickname of a "town under one roof".

Whittier has an extremely wet climate, receiving an average of 197 inches (5,000 mm) of precipitation per year. It is a port for the Alaska Marine Highway.
Gray Morrow
Dwight Graydon "Gray" Morrow (March 7, 1934 – November 6, 2001) was an American illustrator of comics, magazine covers and paperback books. He is co-creator of the Marvel Comics muck-monster the Man-Thing and of DC Comics Old West vigilante El Diablo.

Penthouse Comix
Penthouse Comix is an American mass-market, magazine-sized comic book, published by Penthouse International/General Media Communications from spring 1994 through July 1998 and 2024 to present. Founded and initially edited by George Caragonne and Horatio Weisfeld, it originally ran 32 issues plus one special edition. Foreign versions of Penthouse Comix remained in publication through 2011.

In late 2023 it was announced that Penthouse Comics will resume publication in February 2024.  Comics news website Bleeding Cool  officially covered the first solicitations, which included creators like Matteo Scalera, Jeff Dekal, Joshua Swaby, Marc Aspinall, Vanesa Del Rey, Maria Llovet, and others.
Let's Get Out of This Country
Let's Get Out of This Country is the third studio record by the Scottish indie pop band Camera Obscura, released by Elefant Records on 6 June 2006. It was recorded in Sweden with the producer Jari Haapalainen, and arranged by Björn Yttling of Peter Bjorn and John.

The album addresses themes of heartbreak, escapism and boredom. It received positive reviews from music critics, who noted that the band had distinguished themselves from Belle and Sebastian. Let's Get Out of This Country yielded four singles.

Jari Haapalainen
Jari Haapalainen (born 1971) is a Swedish musician, songwriter and producer. He was born to Finnish immigrant parents. Haapalainen resides in Berlin, Germany. He played lead guitar for The Bear Quartet, and used to be a member in the pop combo Heikki.

Jari has produced several artists during the past twenty years, among others Laakso, Ed Harcourt, Camera Obscura, The Loveable Tulips and The Concretes.
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), formerly the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements, and before that the Advisory Committee on X-Ray and Radium Protection (ACXRP), is a U.S. organization.  It has a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code, but this does not imply any sort of oversight by Congress; NCRP is not a government entity.

Title 36 of the United States Code
The United States Code is the official compilation of the Federal laws of a general and permanent nature that are currently in force. Title 36 covers "Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and Organizations."
Louis Lipps
Louis Adam Lipps Jr. (born August 9, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL), spending eight seasons with the Pittsburgh Steelers and one with the New Orleans Saints.

He was selected by the Steelers in the first round of the 1984 NFL draft after a college football career at the Southern Miss Golden Eagles. Lipps also attended East St. John High School in Reserve, Louisiana.

East St. John High School
East St. John High School is a high school in Reserve, an unincorporated area in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, United States. The school is a part of St. John the Baptist Parish Public Schools. As of 2013–2014, the school had 1,327 students.
Rebecca Chartrand
Rebecca Chartrand PC MP is a Canadian politician who has been Minister of Northern and Arctic Affairs and Minister responsible for the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency since 2025. A member of the Liberal Party of Canada, she was first elected to the House of Commons in the 2025 Canadian federal election, serving as the member of Parliament (MP) for Churchill—Keewatinook Aski.

On May 13, 2025, she was named to the 30th Canadian Ministry as minister of northern and Arctic affairs and minister responsible for the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency.

Churchill—Keewatinook Aski
Churchill—Keewatinook Aski (formerly Churchill) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. It covers the northern four-fifths of Manitoba, a vast wilderness area dotted with small municipalities and First Nations reserves. It was named after the town of Churchill, Manitoba, which resides on Churchill River. It is the fifth-largest riding in all of Canada.
The Music of the Primes
The Music of the Primes (British subtitle: Why an Unsolved Problem in Mathematics Matters; American subtitle: Searching to Solve the Greatest Mystery in Mathematics) is a 2003 book by Marcus du Sautoy, a professor in mathematics at the University of Oxford, on the history of prime number theory. In particular he examines the Riemann hypothesis, the proof of which would revolutionize our understanding of prime numbers. He traces the prime number theorem back through history, highlighting the work of some of the greatest mathematical minds along the way.

The cover design for the hardback version of the book contains several pictorial depictions of prime numbers, such as the number 73 bus. It also has an image of a clock, referring to clock arithmetic, which is a significant theme in the text.

Marcus du Sautoy
Marcus Peter Francis du Sautoy (/dʊ ˈsoʊtɔɪ/; born 26 August 1965) is a British mathematician, Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford, Fellow of New College, Oxford and author of popular mathematics and popular science books. He was previously a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, Wadham College, Oxford and served as president of the Mathematical Association, an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) senior media fellow, and a Royal Society University Research Fellow.

In 1996, he was awarded the title of distinction of Professor of Mathematics.
Mo'Nique
Monique Angela Hicks (née Imes; born December 11, 1967), known mononymously as Mo'Nique, is an American comedian and Academy Award winning actress. She debuted as a member of The Queens of Comedy and earned recognition as a stand-up comedian. In 2002, she received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album. She transitioned to mainstream roles starring in the UPN series The Parkers (1999–2004) and the films Phat Girlz (2006) and Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins (2008).

Mo'Nique was critically acclaimed for her performance in the film Precious (2009), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, becoming the fourth African-American woman to win the award, in addition to accolades at the BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Awards. After hosting her talk show The Mo'Nique Show (2009–2011), she earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for the HBO film Bessie (2015) and starred in Lee Daniels' Netflix film The Deliverance (2024).

Showtime at the Apollo
Showtime at the Apollo (formerly It's Showtime at the Apollo and Apollo Live) is an American variety show that first aired in syndication from September 12, 1987, to May 24, 2008. In 2018, the series returned on Fox with Steve Harvey hosting. Filmed at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, the show features live performances from both professional and up-and-coming artists, and also features the Amateur Night competition. In many cities such as New York (where it aired on WNBC), it often aired after Saturday Night Live during the late Saturday night/early Sunday morning hours, and was often paired with the similarly syndicated Soul Train.

A live non-televised version of the show takes place every Wednesday (which is the original Apollo Amateur Night competition that has been running for over seventy years), with the taped version of the show for television being recorded in advance on other nights for later airing.
Marlborough College
Marlborough College is a public school (English private boarding school) for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was founded as Marlborough School in 1843 by the Dean of Manchester, George Hull Bowers, for the education of the sons of Church of England clergy. It now adopts a co-educational model. In 2023 there were around 1000 pupils, approximately 45% of whom were female.

In 2024, the school was included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK. Fees for boarding pupils in 2024/2025 are £50,985 per year.

George Bowers (priest)
Christianity portal

George Hull Bowers (bapt. 30 March 1794 –  27 December 1872) was an Anglican priest who was Dean of Manchester from 1847 to 1871, and founder of Marlborough College in Wiltshire.

Born in Staffordshire, he was educated at Clare College, Cambridge, and ordained in 1819. He began his ecclesiastical career at Elstow in Bedfordshire, after which he was Rector of St Paul's, Covent Garden, followed by a 25-year spell in Manchester.
Joe L. Kiser
Joseph Leonard Kiser (born August 20, 1933) is a former Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly, who represented the State of North Carolina's mountainous ninety-seventh House district, which mostly included Lincoln County. Mr. Kiser served in the State House from the late 1980s until 2009.

Joe Kiser served a term as Sheriff of Lincoln County before being elected to the State legislature. Mr. Kiser served seven terms in the North Carolina State House and is the former House Republican Leader. After 2008, Mr. Kiser did not run for re-election. He was succeeded by Jonathan Rhyne Jr.

Mr. Kiser is retired, and lives in Vale, North Carolina.

North Carolina General Assembly of 2007–08
The North Carolina General Assembly of 2007–08 consisted of the North Carolina House of Representatives and the North Carolina Senate that met in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 2007 and 2008. Members of the House and Senate were elected on November 7, 2006. This legislature first convened in January 2007. In addition to its regular sessions, the legislature met in special session in March 2008 to consider expelling Representative Thomas E. Wright.
Nolin, Kentucky
Nolin is an unincorporated community in Hardin County, Kentucky, United States. Nolin is “located” along a railroad 10 miles (16 km) south of Elizabethtown. The Nolin Banking Company, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Nolin.

Hardin County, Kentucky
Hardin County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. Its county seat is Elizabethtown. The county was formed in 1792. Hardin County is part of the Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Louisville/Jefferson County—Elizabethtown-Bardstown, KY-IN Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 110,702.

Hardin County is known for being the birthplace of former U.S. president Abraham Lincoln, though the location is now part of neighboring LaRue County.