hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American History: A Survey
American History: A Survey is a textbook first published in 1961 that was written initially by the historians Richard N. Current, T. Harry Williams, and Frank Freidel and later by Alan Brinkley, the Allan Nevins professor of history at Columbia University. The book provides an account of United States history spanning from the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the age of globalization in the most recent editions. As of December 2014, the current edition is the 14th published in 2011.

This textbook has been commonly used in AP United States History classes and in college survey courses.

AP United States History
Advanced Placement (AP) United States History (also known as AP U.S. History, APUSH (/ˈeɪ.pʊʃ/), or AP U.S.) is a college-level course and examination offered by College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program.
La Ronde (play)
La Ronde (also known by its original German title, Reigen) is a play in which ten people form an unwitting interpersonal circle with their secret sexual relationships.  It was written by Arthur Schnitzler in 1897 and was controversial at that time. It scrutinizes the sexual morality and class ideology of its day through successive encounters between pairs of characters (before or after a sexual encounter). By choosing characters across all levels of society, the play offers social commentary on how sexual contact transgresses class boundaries. Printed privately in 1900, it was not publicly performed until 1920, when it provoked strong reactions. The play's two titles – in German Reigen and in French La Ronde – refer to a round dance, as portrayed in the English rhyme Ring a Ring o' Roses.

Round dance
Modern social round dance, or round dancing, is a choreographed and cued ballroom dance that progresses in a circular counter-clockwise pattern around the dance floor. The two major categories of ballroom dances found in round dancing are the smooth and international ballroom styles (such as foxtrot and waltz) and the Latin dances (such as cha-cha-chá, salsa, and rhumba). It is not to be confused with circle dancing, which is a type of folk dance in which dancers are connected in a circular chain.
The Golden Bough
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (retitled The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion in its second edition) is a wide-ranging, comparative study of mythology and religion, written by the Scottish anthropologist Sir James George Frazer. The Golden Bough was first published in two volumes in 1890; in three volumes in 1900; and in twelve volumes in the third edition, published 1906–1915. It has also been published in several different one-volume abridgments. The work was for a wide literate audience raised on tales as told in such publications as Thomas Bulfinch's The Age of Fable, or Stories of Gods and Heroes (1855). The influence of The Golden Bough on contemporary European literature and thought has been substantial.

James George Frazer
Sir James George Frazer OM FRS FRSE FBA (/ˈfreɪzər/; 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941) was a Scottish social anthropologist and folklorist influential in the early stages of the modern studies of mythology and comparative religion.
Rod Windsor
Rodrickus Windsor (born April 24, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Western New Mexico Mustangs.

Arizona Rattlers
The Arizona Rattlers are a professional indoor American football team based in the Phoenix metropolitan area that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The Rattlers were founded in 1992 as an expansion team in the Arena Football League and were the third oldest active franchise in the AFL until their departure in 2016. They play their home games at Desert Diamond Arena in Glendale. They previously played at Footprint Center in downtown Phoenix.

The Rattlers are led by head coach Kevin Guy. Since the team's establishment in 1992, the Rattlers have won ten division titles and have played in nine ArenaBowl Championship games, winning championships in 1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014. The Rattlers also won the 2017 United Bowl in their first season in the IFL.

It is believed that the Rattlers are the longest-tenured, continuously-active indoor/arena team in the game's history being active for over 30 years (not counting the COVID-19 pandemic season cancelation in 2020).
Louise Clough
Aletha Louise Clough (born 24 June 1937) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as an all-rounder, bowling right-arm medium and batting right-handed, as well as playing as a wicket-keeper in four matches. She appeared in one Test match for New Zealand in 1969. She primarily played domestic cricket for Otago, as well as playing one season for Auckland.

Her one Test match came against England at Basin Reserve, which was drawn. Clough bowled 22 overs, taking 1 wicket for 70 runs, dismissing Audrey Disbury caught.

Auckland Hearts
The Auckland Hearts is the women's representative cricket team for the New Zealand region of Auckland. They play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval. They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield  one-day competition and the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.
G. H. Mumm
49°15′49″N 4°02′14″E﻿ / ﻿49.263718°N 4.037209°E﻿ / 49.263718; 4.037209

G. H. Mumm & Cie is a Champagne house founded in 1827 and based in Reims, France. G.H. Mumm is one of the largest Champagne houses and is currently ranked 4th globally based on number of bottles sold. The company is owned by Pernod Ricard.

G.H. Mumm was the official sponsor of F1 racing from 2000 until 2015 and provided the champagne bottles for the podium celebrations after each race.

G.H. Mumm Cordon Rouge is also the official champagne of the Kentucky Derby and the Melbourne Cup.

Pernod Ricard
Pernod Ricard (French: [pɛʁno ʁikaʁ]) is a French company best known for its anise-flavoured pastis apéritifs Pernod Anise and Ricard Pastis (often referred to simply as Pernod or Ricard). The world's second-largest wine and spirits seller, it also produces several other types of pastis.
Gate of Flesh
Gate of Flesh (Japanese: 肉体の門, Hepburn: Nikutai no mon) is a 1964 Japanese film based on a novel by Taijiro Tamura and directed by Seijun Suzuki. The first of Suzuki's "flesh trilogy" (followed by Story of a Prostitute and Carmen from Kawachi), the series is considered the "crowning achievement" of his period working at the production house Nikkatsu. The film is viewed as a direct and allegorical critique of Japan's Occupation and subsequent development, which rather than breaking with the country's pre-war militaristic, authoritarian social structures only sees their reconstitution in the post-war period.

Joe Shishido
Joe Shishido (宍戸 錠, Shishido Jō; December 6, 1933 – January 18, 2020) was a Japanese actor recognizable for his intense, eccentric yakuza film roles. He appeared in some 300 films but is best known in the West for his performance in the cult film Branded to Kill (1967). In Japan, he is also known by the nickname Joe the Ace (エースのジョー, Ēsu no Jō) for his popular role in the Western Quick Draw Joe (1961).
Sanderson station
Sanderson station is an Amtrak railway station serving the small West Texas town of Sanderson. The unstaffed station is located alongside West Downie Street in the southwest corner of the town. The station accommodates travelers who use the combined Sunset Limited and Texas Eagle, operating between Los Angeles and New Orleans or Chicago, respectively.

Sanderson, Texas
Sanderson is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Terrell County, Texas, United States. The population was 664 at the 2020 census. Sanderson was created in 1882 as a part of neighboring Pecos County. It became the seat of  Terrell County in 1905.
Antje Meyer
Antje Susanne Meyer (born 15 December 1957, Hemer, West Germany) is a German-Dutch experimental psychologist, known for her work in language production. She is currently one of the scientific directors of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and also a professor of individual differences in language processing at Radboud University.

Meyer was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) in 2018. In 2018 she also became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
The Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik; Dutch: Max Planck Instituut voor Psycholinguïstiek) is a research institute located on the campus of Radboud University Nijmegen in Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands. The institute was founded in 1980 by Dutch psycholinguist Pim Levelt and is dedicated exclusively to psycholinguistics. It is one of the few institutes of the Max Planck Society situated outside Germany. According to the ranking of Web of World Research Centers, the institute ranks second amongst all Max Planck Institutes (MPI) in terms of visibility and eighth in terms of size.
Erotemata
The Erotemata (Ἐρωτήματα) are the first printed basic Greek grammar in use in Western Europe, written by Manuel Chrysoloras who was a pioneer in spreading Greek literature in Western Europe.

Chrysoloras' Erotemata were likely first published in 1471 in Venice by Adam de Ambergau. It can be considered the first book ever printed in Greek, since it bears a Greek title-page and the text contains large parts in the language. It enjoyed immediate and considerable success in Italy, but also among later leading humanists, being studied by Thomas Linacre at Oxford and by Desiderius Erasmus at Cambridge.

Manuel Chrysoloras
Manuel (or Emmanuel) Chrysoloras (Greek: Μανουὴλ Χρυσολωρᾶς; c. 1350 – 15 April 1415) was a Byzantine Greek classical scholar, humanist, philosopher, professor, and translator of ancient Greek texts during the Renaissance. Serving as the ambassador for the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos in medieval Italy, he became a renowned teacher of Greek literature and history in the republics of Florence and Venice, and today he's widely regarded as a pioneer in the introduction of ancient Greek literature to Western Europe during the Late Middle Ages.
Spin-Off (American game show)
Spin-Off is an American game show created and produced by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir for CBS in 1975 that was based on the dice game Yahtzee. The series was hosted by Jim Lange and announced by Johnny Jacobs. The show replaced The Joker's Wild on CBS' daytime schedule and debuted on June 16, 1975, but was cancelled after 12 weeks on September 5, 1975. Spin-Off originated in Studios 31, 33 and 41 at Television City in Hollywood, California.

The theme song was remixed in another Nicholson-Muir game show Super Pay Cards.

Jim Lange
James John Lange (/læŋ/; August 15, 1932 – February 25, 2014) was an American game show host and disc jockey. He was known to listeners in the San Francisco and Los Angeles radio markets with stints at several stations in both markets, racking up over 45 years on the air. Lange was also known to television viewers as the host of several game shows, including The Dating Game.
Mohammad-Ali Angaji
Mohammad-Ali Angaji (Persian: محمدعلی انگجی) was an Iranian Shia cleric and politician. A loyal National Front member, he served as a member of parliament during the 17th term and ran for the 1954 election in Tehran. He was elected to the 73-seats Assembly of Experts for Constitution in 1979.

Shia clergy
The Shia clergy are the religious leaders of Shia Islam. Shia Islam places great importance on the guidance of clergy, and each branch of Shi'ism maintains its own clerical structure. The most well-known Shia clergy belongs to the largest branch of Shia Islam, Twelver Shi'ism. As in other branches of Islam, Shia scholars are collectively known as the ulema. Individual clerics are referred to as mullah or ākhūnd, but because those terms have developed "a somewhat pejorative connotation" since at least the 1980s, the term rūḥānī has been "promoted" as an alternative, "especially by the clerical class itself".
Die Rheinnixen
Die Rheinnixen (French: Les fées du Rhin; English The Rhine Nixies) is a romantic opera in four acts by Jacques Offenbach. The original libretto by Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter was translated into German by Alfred von Wolzogen.

The Elves' Song from Die Rheinnixen was later used in The Tales of Hoffmann, where it became the "Barcarolle" (Belle nuit, ô nuit d'amour) in the 'Giulietta' act; Conrad's drinking song was also re-used in the same act.

Friedemann Layer
Friedemann Layer (30 October 1941 – 3 November 2019) was an Austrian conductor. He was assistant to Herbert von Karajan in Ulm and to Karl Böhm. In 1989, he conducted a film version of Der Schauspieldirektor, with Zdzisława Donat and Christian Boesch in the cast.

Layer was chief conductor of the Opéra national de Montpellier from 1994 to 2007.
Poe Township, Ringgold County, Iowa
40°40′49″N 94°10′44″W﻿ / ﻿40.68028°N 94.17889°W﻿ / 40.68028; -94.17889

Poe Township is a municipality located in Ringgold County, Iowa. In 2010 it had a population of 169 inhabitants and a population density of 1.93 people per km2.

Ringgold County, Iowa
Ringgold County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,663, and was estimated to be 4,608 in 2024, making it the second-least populous county in Iowa. The county seat and the largest city is Mount Ayr. The county is named after Maj. Samuel Ringgold, a hero of the Battle of Palo Alto fought in May 1846, during the Mexican–American War. It is one of the 26 Iowa counties with a name that is unique across the nation.
Bo Gentry
Robert Allan Ackoff (May 30, 1942 – June 30, 1983), known professionally as Bo Gentry, was an American pop singer, songwriter and record producer, most noted for his work with Tommy James and the Shondells in the 1960s.

Tommy James and the Shondells
Tommy James and the Shondells is an American rock band formed in Niles, Michigan, in 1964. The band has had two No. 1 singles in the U.S.: "Hanky Panky" (1966), the band's only RIAA Certified Gold record, and "Crimson and Clover" (1969). The band also charted twelve other top 40 hits, including five in the Hot 100's Top 10: "I Think We're Alone Now" (1967), "Mirage" (1967), "Mony Mony" (1968), "Sweet Cherry Wine" (1969), and "Crystal Blue Persuasion" (1969).
CD98
CD98 is a glycoprotein that is a heterodimer composed of SLC3A2 and SLC7A5 that forms the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1).  LAT1 is a heterodimeric membrane transport protein that preferentially transports branched-chain (valine, leucine, isoleucine) and aromatic (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine) amino acids.  LAT is highly expressed in brain capillaries (which form the blood–brain barrier) relative to other tissues.

A functional LAT1 transporter is composed of two proteins encoded by two distinct genes:

4F2hc/CD98 heavy subunit protein encoded by the SLC3A2 gene

CD98 light subunit protein encoded by the SLC7A5 gene

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
Pitfall: The Lost Expedition
Pitfall: The Lost Expedition is an action-adventure video game developed by Edge of Reality and published by Activision. Part of the Pitfall! series, it was released for the GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox in 2004. An abridged version for the Game Boy Advance by Torus Games was released alongside the console versions. A Windows version developed by Beenox was released later that year. The game was also released on October 7, 2008 on the Wii as Pitfall: The Big Adventure, with it being released under the brand Fun4All in Europe.  It was followed in 2012 by Pitfall! for mobile devices.

Edge of Reality
Edge of Reality, Ltd. was an American video game developer, founded in 1998 and based in Austin, Texas, that wrote games for the Nintendo 64, GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 consoles. The company developed the Nintendo 64 ports of the first three Tony Hawk's games.  There were two development teams: one worked on licenses and established franchises, while the other worked on original games.  The company developed two games at a time, one with each team. Edge of Reality closed in 2018.
Heart (2006 film)
Heart is a 2006 Indonesian film directed by Hanny R Saputra and starring Nirina Zubir, Irwansyah and Acha Septriasa. The film's soundtrack features the popular duet "My Heart" between Irwansyah and Acha Septriasa, which won Best Song at the MTV Indonesia Movie Awards in 2006. Heart also won Most Favourite Movie and Most Favourite Heart Melting Moment at the awards show.

Hanny Saputra
Hanny R. Saputra (born 11 May 1965) is an Indonesian director. One of his films, Under the Protection of Ka'Bah, was Indonesia's submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in the 84th Academy Awards.
Tsuneo Tamagawa
Tsuneo Tamagawa (Japanese: 玉河 恒夫, Tamagawa Tsuneo, 11 December 1925 in Tokyo – 30 December 2017 in New Haven, Connecticut) was a mathematician. He worked on the arithmetic of classical groups.

Tamagawa received his PhD in 1954 at the University of Tokyo under Shōkichi Iyanaga. Tamagawa was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1955/6, 1958, and 1970. He was on the Yale University faculty starting in 1963, and became emeritus in 1996.

He introduced the Tamagawa numbers, which are measures for algebraic groups over algebraic number fields. These measures play an essential role in conjectures on arithmetic algebraic geometry, such as those of Spencer Bloch and Kazuya Kato.

Tamagawa's doctoral students included Doris Schattschneider and Audrey Terras.

Doris Schattschneider
Doris J. Schattschneider (née Wood) is an American mathematician, a retired professor of mathematics at Moravian College. She is known for writing about tessellations and about the art of M. C. Escher, for helping Martin Gardner validate and popularize the pentagon tiling discoveries of amateur mathematician Marjorie Rice, and for co-directing with Eugene Klotz the project that developed The Geometer's Sketchpad.
Virginia's 87th House of Delegates district
Virginia's 87th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 87 has been represented by Democrat Suhas Subramanyam since 2020.

Suhas Subramanyam
Suhas Subramanyam (born September 26, 1986) is an American politician and attorney serving as the U.S. representative for Virginia's 10th congressional district since 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Virginia Senate from 2024 to 2025 and in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2020 to 2024.

After working as a White House advisor during the Obama administration, Subramanayam became the first South Asian American elected to the Virginia General Assembly in 2019. He was elected to the Virginia Senate in 2023, representing the 32nd district.

In 2024, Subramanayam was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, succeeding Jennifer Wexton. His district covers the northern Virginia exurbs of Washington, D.C., including all of Loudoun and Fauquier counties, as well as parts of Rappahannock, Prince William, and Fairfax counties.
Bowery Buckaroos
Bowery Buckaroos is a 1947 American comedy film directed by William Beaudine and starring the comedy team of The Bowery Boys. It is the eighth film in the series and the last Bowery Boys film that Bobby Jordan appeared in.

William Beaudine
William Washington Beaudine (January 15, 1892 – March 18, 1970) was an American film director. He was one of Hollywood's most prolific directors, turning out a remarkable 179 feature-length films in a wide variety of genres.

He is best known today for his silent films Little Annie Rooney and Sparrows, both with Mary Pickford; the W. C. Fields comedy The Old Fashioned Way; several Bela Lugosi and Charlie Chan thrillers; Mom and Dad, a sex-education exploitation film; and the popular Bowery Boys comedies.
Dar Al-Hijrah
Dar Al-Hijrah Islamic Center (Arabic: مركز دار الهجرة الاسلامي) is a mosque in Northern Virginia. It is located in the Seven Corners area of unincorporated Fairfax County, Virginia, in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area.

Ahmed Omar Abu Ali
Ahmed Omar Abu Ali (Arabic: احمد عمر أبو علي; born March 1981) is an American who was convicted of providing material support to the al-Qaeda terrorist network and conspiracy to assassinate United States President George W. Bush.  His case has been the subject of criticism due to the federal government admitting evidence from alleged torture during Ali's extraordinary rendition.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types. Crohn's disease affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon and the rectum.

Colitis
Colitis is swelling or inflammation of the large intestine (colon). Colitis may be acute and self-limited or long-term. It broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.

In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:

The cause of the inflammation in the colon is undetermined; for example, colitis may be applied to Crohn's disease at a time when the diagnosis is unknown, or

The context is clear; for example, an individual with ulcerative colitis is talking about their disease with a physician who knows the diagnosis.
Jack Shill
John Walker Shill (January 12, 1913 — October 25, 1976) was a Canadian ice hockey forward who played 6 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, New York Americans and Chicago Black Hawks from 1933 to 1939. He won the Stanley Cup in 1938 with Chicago.

1938 Stanley Cup Final
The 1938 Stanley Cup Final was a best-of-five series between the Chicago Black Hawks and the Toronto Maple Leafs. Chicago won the series 3–1 to win their second Stanley Cup. With their record of 14–25–9, they possess as of 2022, the lowest regular season winning percentage (.291) of any championship team in the four major professional sports leagues. They are also the Stanley Cup winning team with the lowest number of Hockey Hall of Fame members as a player, with only one (Earl Seibert).

This would be the last best-of-five Stanley Cup Finals.