hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hugo Griebert
Emil Paul Hugo Griebert (31 October 1868 – 23 July 1924) was a German-British stamp dealer and philatelist, who was a specialist in the stamps of Spain. He was entered on the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1921.

Griebert was born in Berlin, Brandenburg (then Prussia) to Hermann Jacob Wilhelm Griebert and Ernestine Hermine August Griebert.

He was awarded the Crawford Medal by the Royal Philatelic Society London for his work The stamps of Spain 1850-1854.

He died at 56 Hallam Street in Marylebone, London.

Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
The Roll of Distinguished Philatelists (RDP) is a philatelic award of international scale, created by the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain in 1921 to honour those who have advanced philately through research, expertise, or service. The Roll consists of five pieces of parchment to which the signatories add their names. New honorees continue to be added annually.
Hold Me (Tom Odell song)
"Hold Me" is the third single released by British singer-songwriter Tom Odell, from his debut studio album, Long Way Down (2013). The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 29 March 2013. The song peaked at number 44 on the UK Singles Chart.

Long Way Down (Tom Odell album)
Long Way Down is the debut studio album by British singer-songwriter Tom Odell. It was released on 24 June 2013 and serves as the follow-up to his 2012 extended play, Songs from Another Love. It serves as his first release with a major record label, and was released with Columbia.
Man Singh I
Mirza Raja Man Singh I (21 December 1550 – 6 July 1614) was the 24th Kachawaha Rajput ruler of the  Kingdom of Amber from 1589 to 1614. For the Mughals, he also served as the foremost imperial Subahdar of Bihar Subah from 1587 to 1594, then for Bengal Subah for three terms from 1595 to 1606 and the Subahdar of Kabul Subah from 1585 to 1586. He served in the imperial Mughal Army under Emperor Akbar. Man Singh fought sixty-seven important battles in Kabul, Balkh, Bukhara, Bengal and Central and Southern India. He was well versed in the battle tactics of both the Rajputs as well as the Mughals. He is commonly considered to be one of the Navaratnas, or the nine (nava) gems (ratna) of the royal court of Akbar.

Amber, India
Amber or Amer, is a city near Jaipur city in Jaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is now a part of the Jaipur Municipal Corporation.

The picturesque situation of Amber at the mouth of a rocky mountain gorge, in which nestles a lake, has attracted the admiration of travellers, including Victor Jacquemont and Reginald Heber. It is seen to be a remarkable example for its combined Rajput-Mughal architecture. The Amber Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the top tourist attraction in the Jaipur area.
Abdullahi Ibrahim Musa
Abdullahi Ibrahim Musa is an academician and a professor of Librarianship in Nigeria. He is the current Vice Chancellor of Kaduna State University (KASU). He was appointed by former governor of Kaduna State, Malam Nasir Ahmad El-Rufa’i. He assumed office on 14 November, 2022. He took over from Professor Abdullahi Musa Ashafa, who occupied the position in an acting capacity since 23 June 2022. Until his appointment, Professor Abdullahi Musa also served as the University Librarian at Kaduna State University.

Kaduna State University
Kaduna State University is located in Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was established in 2004. It has sixteen faculties with over 50 departments. The school has two main campuses in Kafanchan and Kaduna City.
Clay County Courthouse (Florida)
The Clay County Historic Courthouse is a historic county courthouse in Green Cove Springs, Florida. The two-story brick building was built in 1889 and used until 1973. A historical marker commemorates its history. It is located at 915 Walnut Street as part of the county's Historic Triangle which includes the Clay County History Museum, Railroad Depot Display, Old County Jail and Archives Center. On June 20, 1975, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It was designed by Ellis and McClure.  This historic location is home to Clay County Teen Court programs and is a venue for events such as mock trials, plays, swearing-in ceremonies, photo shoots and tours. The modern, fully operational Clay County Courthouse is a separate facility located at 825 North Orange Avenue in Green Cove Springs. Employees of the Clay County Clerk's Office (Clay County Clerk of Court Tara S. Green) oversee the operations of both locations' offices.

Green Cove Springs, Florida
Green Cove Springs is a city in and the county seat of Clay County, Florida, United States. Green Cove Springs is a part of the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 9,786 at the 2020 census, up from 6,908 at the 2010 census.

The city is named after a hydrological spring adjacent to the St. Johns River. The river course curves here, and the area is sheltered by trees that are perennially green.
Cloak and Cipher
Cloak and Cipher is the second full-length album by Canadian indie rock band Land of Talk, released August 24, 2010, on Saddle Creek Records.

The album features special guests including Patrick Watson as well as members of Stars, Thee Silver Mt. Zion, Wintersleep, The Besnard Lakes, Arcade Fire and Esmerine.

The album was named as a longlisted nominee for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize.

Saddle Creek Records
Saddle Creek Records is an American record label based in Omaha, Nebraska and named after Saddle Creek Road, a major street in midtown Omaha. Started as a college class project on entrepreneurship, the label was founded in 1993 by Mike Mogis and Justin Oberst. Mogis soon turned over his role in the company to Robb Nansel. It was initially called Lumberjack Records; Saddle Creek first appeared in print on a show flyer, offering to "Spend an evening with Saddle Creek" (later to be the title of the label's DVD). Distribution is handled by Redeye Distribution. SCR continues to be the flagship label of a style of music called "The Omaha Sound", characterized by a slight country twang. A "sister label" of sorts to Saddle Creek is Team Love, which was begun by Justin Oberst's brother Conor Oberst in 2004.
Joseph Paxton
Sir Joseph Paxton (3 August 1803 – 8 June 1865) was an English gardener, architect, engineer and Liberal Member of Parliament. He is best known for designing the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park, London to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, the first world's fair, great public parks such as Birkenhead Park, and for cultivating the Cavendish banana, the most consumed banana in the Western world.

Cavendish banana
Cavendish bananas are the fruits of one of a number of banana cultivars belonging to the Cavendish subgroup of the AAA banana cultivar group (triploid cultivars of Musa acuminata). The same term is also used to describe the plants on which the bananas grow.

They include commercially important cultivars like 'Dwarf Cavendish' (1888) and 'Grand Nain' (the "Chiquita banana"). Since the 1950s, these cultivars have been the most internationally traded bananas. They replaced the Gros Michel banana after it was devastated by Panama disease.

They are unable to reproduce sexually, instead being propagated via identical clones. Due to this, the genetic diversity of the Cavendish banana is very low. This, combined with the fact the Cavendish is planted in dense chunks in a monoculture without other natural species to serve as a buffer, makes the Cavendish extremely vulnerable to disease, fungal outbreaks, and genetic mutation, possibly leading to eventual commercial extinction.
Algae eater
Algae eater or algivore is a common name for any bottom-dwelling or filter-feeding aquatic animal species that specialize in feeding on algae and phytoplanktons. Algae eaters are important for the fishkeeping hobby and many are commonly kept by aquarium hobbyists to improve water quality. They are also important primary consumers that relay the biomass and energy from photosynthetic autotrophes up into the food web, as well as protecting the aquatic ecosystem against algae blooms.

Loricariidae
Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.
Mesut Cemil
Mesut Cemil (pronounced [mesut dʒemil]; 1902 – October 31, 1963) was a Turkish composer, and a notable tanbur lute and cello player. His father was Tanburi Cemil Bey.

He participated in the 1932 Cairo Congress of Arab Music.

Cemil took cello and violin lessons and attended Berlin Music Academy as a student of cello. In 1927 he began to work at the Istanbul Radio, eventually becoming director of the station. Cemil was assigned to most of the positions in the Radio, including announcer, producer and head of music broadcasts, as well as working as a tanbur performer. Cemil formed the Classical Choir at the Ankara Radio. He retired in 1960, but continued conducting choirs at the Istanbul Radio.

Cairo Congress of Arab Music
The Congrès du Caire (First Congress of Arab Music; Arabic: مؤتمر الموسيقى العربية الأول; Mu'tamar al'mūsiqā al-'arabiyya al-awwal) was a large international symposium and music festival that was convened by King Fuad I in Cairo, Egypt, from March 14 to April 3, 1932. The idea had been suggested to Fuad by the French ethnomusicologist Baron Rodolphe d'Erlanger, and the congress was the first large-scale forum to present, discuss, document and record the many musical traditions of the Arab world from North Africa and the Middle East.
David E. Barker
David E. Barker (July 8, 1836 – December 1914) was an American plantation owner and politician. He served in the Arkansas Senate including as President of the Arkansas Senate.

He was born on July 8, 1836, in Tennessee. He lived in Monticello, Arkansas. He served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War and was wounded. Thomas Whitington, who served in the Arkansas Senate, was one of his commanders during the Civil War.

After the Civil War, he served in the state legislature from 1879–1881. In 1885, he served in the Arkansas House of Representatives for Drew County, Arkansas. In 1887, he served as President of the Arkansas Senate. He ran for governor.

Cornelius Winn Barker was his younger brother. David Barker never married. He was a member of the Freemasons, Odd Fellows, and belonged to a Missionary Baptist church. He died in December 1914.

President of the Arkansas Senate
The president pro tempore of the Arkansas Senate is the state senator in the Arkansas Senate elected by their fellow senators as the body's leader. They preside over the senate and lead negotiations with the Arkansas House of Representatives. Presidents of the Arkansas Senate typically serve for one term.

Republicans went more than a century without a president pro yempore in the Arkansas Senate.
Child's Play (game show)
Child's Play is an American television game show in which adult contestants tried to guess words based on definitions given by children. The Mark Goodson-produced series debuted on CBS on September 20, 1982, and ended on September 16, 1983.

This was the first game show created and produced solely by Mark Goodson after the death of his longtime business partner Bill Todman in 1979; all subsequent shows made by Goodson (including the existing Goodson-Todman programs that were still airing at the time) were credited as "A Mark Goodson Television Production", with a new logo reflecting the company's name change.

Mark Goodson
Mark Leo Goodson (January 14, 1915 – December 18, 1992) was an American television producer who specialized in game shows, most frequently with his business partner Bill Todman, with whom he created Goodson-Todman Productions.
Breda 38
The Mitragliatrice Breda calibro 8 modello 38 per carri armati was an Italian tank-pattern machine gun used in the Second World War on the Fiat L6/40, the Fiat M11/39 and the Fiat M13/40. It was also adapted to act as an infantry machine gun. The M38 is based upon the Breda M37. The Breda 38 received the German identification code Kampfwagen-Maschinengewehr 350(i).

L6/40 tank
The L6/40 was a light tank used by the Italian army from 1940 through World War II. It was designed by Ansaldo as an export product, and was adopted by the Italian Army when officials learned of the design and expressed interest. It was the main tank employed by the Italian forces fighting on the Eastern Front alongside the L6/40-based Semovente 47/32 self-propelled gun. L6/40s were also used in the North African campaign.

The official Italian designation was Carro Armato ("armored vehicle", i.e. "tank") L6/40. This designation means: "L" for Leggero ("light"), followed by the weight in tons (6) and the year of adoption (1940).
Caradog Falls Halt railway station
Caradog Falls Halt railway station was one of five new halts on the Carmarthen to Aberystwyth Line (originally called the Manchester and Milford Railway before being transferred to the GWR), which were constructed during the 1930s.

The halt opened in September 1932 to serve the nearby hamlet of Tynygraig, where a short tunnel ran underneath the road.  It was also intended for the convenience of any visitors to the waterfalls. The halt consisted of a timber platform and corrugated iron shelter.

The station closed in December 1964 when services were truncated at Strata Florida, following flood damage to the line at Llanilar. Formal closure was confirmed two months later.

No trace of the timber halt remains, and the site is now in use as a private garden.

Manchester and Milford Railway
The Manchester and Milford Railway (M&MR) was a Welsh railway company, intended to connect Manchester and the industrial areas of North West England with a deep-water port on Milford Haven, giving an alternative to the Port of Liverpool.

Despite the title, it was planned to connect other railways at Llanidloes and Pencader, near Carmarthen, and achieve the object in its name by connections with other lines, most of which were only planned. The M&MR had continuous difficulty in raising capital and also in operating profitably but, thanks to a wealthy supporter, it opened from Pencader to Lampeter in 1866. Realising that its originally intended route to Llanidloes would be unprofitable, it diverted the course at the north end to Aberystwyth, which it reached in 1867.

Sunk by financial difficulties, it was eventually absorbed into the Great Western Railway in 1911. Passenger operation ceased in 1964 and milk trains ran to a creamery until final closure in 1973.
Pandigai
Pandigai (transl. Festival) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by debutant Feroz and produced by his wife Vijayalakshmi Ahathian. The film stars Krishna and Anandhi, while Saravanan, Pandi, Karunas, Madhusudhan Rao, and Arjai play supporting roles. The music was composed by R. H. Vikram with cinematography by Aravind. The film was released on 14 July 2017 and received positive reviews from critics.

Madhusudhan Rao (actor)
Madhusudhan Rao is an Indian actor who has appears predominantly in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada films and television shows. He has appeared in films including Autonagar Surya (2014), Goli Soda (2014), Kathakali (2016), Kaashmora (2016), Adam Joan (2017), Kalakalappu 2 (2018), Aranmanai 3 (2021), Theerpugal Virkapadum (2021) and Taanakkaran (2022).
Richard Briers
Richard David Briers (14 January 1934 – 17 February 2013) was an English actor whose five-decade career encompassed film, radio, stage and television.

Briers first came to prominence as George Starling in Marriage Lines (1961–66), but it was a few years later, when he narrated Roobarb (1974–76) and Noah and Nelly in... SkylArk (1976–77) and played Tom Good in the BBC sitcom The Good Life (1975–78), that he became a household name. He starred as Martin in Ever Decreasing Circles (1984–89), and had a leading role as Hector in Monarch of the Glen (2000–05). From the late 1980s, with Kenneth Branagh as director, he performed Shakespearean roles in Henry V (1989), Much Ado About Nothing (1993), Hamlet (1996) and As You Like It (2006), and also appeared in Branagh’s Swan Song (1992), Peter's Friends (1992), Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1994), and In the Bleak Midwinter (1995).

Swan Song (1992 film)
Swan Song is a 1992 British short film directed by Kenneth Branagh and adapted for the screen by Hugh Cruttwell from the one act play of the same name by Anton Chekhov.  It stars John Gielgud as the aging actor Svetlovidov and Richard Briers as the prop-master Nikita.
Pump–probe microscopy
Pump–probe microscopy is a non-linear optical imaging modality used in femtochemistry to study chemical reactions. It is a kind of ultrafast laser spectroscopy.  It generates high-contrast images from endogenous non-fluorescent targets. It has numerous applications, including materials science, medicine, and art restoration.

Ultrafast laser spectroscopy
Ultrafast laser spectroscopy is a category of spectroscopic techniques using ultrashort pulse lasers for the study of dynamics on extremely short time scales (attoseconds to nanoseconds). Different methods are used to examine the dynamics of charge carriers, atoms, and molecules. Many different procedures have been developed spanning different time scales and photon energy ranges; some common methods are listed below.
Togagawa Dam
The Togagawa Dam is a gravity dam on the Togagawa River (a tributary of the Shō River) near Taikanba village about 26 km (16 mi) southeast of Shogawa in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. It was completed in June 1974. The dam has an associated 16.1 MW hydroelectric power station 5.8 km (3.6 mi) downstream near the Senzoku Dam reservoir. It was commissioned in December 1973.

Shō River
The Shō River (庄川, Shō-gawa) has its source in Mount Eboshi (烏帽子岳 Eboshigatake) in the Shōkawa-chō area of Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. After flowing for 115 km (71 mi) through the northern part of Gifu Prefecture and the western part of Toyama Prefecture, it empties into Toyama Bay.
Capilla de los Dolores (Grado)
Capilla de los Dolores (Grado) is a church in Grado, Asturias, in northern Spain. The chapel is listed as a historical monument.

It was ordered to be built in 1713 by the third Marquis of Valdecarzana, Sancho de Miranda Ponce de León y Trelles, and was completed in 1716.

Grado, Asturias
Grado (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡɾaðo]; Asturian: Grau, and officially Grau/Grado) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias in Spain. It is bordered on the north by Candamo and Las Regueras, on the east by Proaza, Santo Adriano and Oviedo, on the south by Teverga and Yernes y Tameza, and on the west by Belmonte de Miranda and Salas.

The municipality's capital town, also with the same name, is famous for its markets, celebrated every Wednesday and Sunday. These markets, the oldest in Asturias, have their origin in the Middle Ages, when King Alfonso X the Wise granted Grado's town charter.
The Dogs of Riga
The Dogs of Riga (Swedish: Hundarna i Riga) is a Swedish detective mystery by Henning Mankell, set in Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is the second book of the Kurt Wallander series, and was translated into English by Laurie Thompson.

The book was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Mystery/Thriller.

Laurie Thompson
Laurie Thompson (26 February 1938 – 8 June 2015) was a British academic and translator, noted for his translations of Swedish literature into English.

Thompson was born in York, England, and lived in northern Sweden for a few years.  He was the editor of Swedish Book Review between 1983 and 2002, and a lecturer at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and the University of Wales, Lampeter.
Pădurea Domnească case
The Pădurea Domnească case took place on 23 December 2012 in Moldova when Sorin Paciu, a young businessman, was fatally wounded while hunting at the Pădurea Domnească ("Princely Forest") reserve together with several high-ranking Moldovan government officials. These included Prosecutor General Valeriu Zubco, President of the Chișinău Court of Appeals Ion Pleșca, vice-president of the latter Gheorghe Crețu and Moldsilva state-owned company director Ion Lupu.

All present officials hid the incident, which became public on 13 January 2013 following statements by Moldovan politician Sergiu Mocanu, leader of the Antimafia Popular Movement. The case caused the resignation of Zubco and later the collapse of the ruling coalition Alliance for European Integration and the resignation of the Second Filat Cabinet. Gheorghe Crețu was the only person found guilty in the case.

Pădurea Domnească
The Princely Forest Nature Reserve (Romanian: Rezervația naturală Pădurea Domnească, pronunciation: [pəˈdure̯a domˈne̯askə]) is a scientific reserve in Glodeni District, Moldova, which founded in 1993. It covers an area of 6,032 hectares, the largest of all of the Moldova scientific reserves.

Pădurea Domnească stretches along the bank of the Prut River, next to the border of Moldova with Romania. The nearest settlement is Glodeni.
Gorget (bird)
A gorget (/ˈɡɔːrdʒɪt/ GOR-jit) is a patch of colored feathers found on the throat or upper breast of some species of birds. It is a feature found on many male hummingbirds, particularly those found in North America; these gorgets are typically iridescent. Other species, such as the purple-throated fruitcrow and chukar partridge, also show the feature. The term is derived from the gorget used in military armor to protect the throat (which is called gorge in French).

Feather wear and exposure to the sun can produce changes in the apparent color of iridescent gorget feathers.  For example, fresh gorget feathers on the Anna's hummingbird are rose red; these fade to a coppery bronzy color with age.

Gorget
A gorget (/ˈɡɔːrdʒɪt/ GOR-jit; from Old French  gorge 'throat') is a band of linen that was wrapped around a woman's neck and head in the medieval period or the lower part of a simple chaperon hood. The term later described a steel or leather collar to protect the throat, a set of pieces of plate armour, or a single piece of plate armour hanging from the neck and covering the throat and chest. Later, particularly from the 18th century, the gorget became primarily ornamental, serving as a symbolic accessory on military uniforms, a use which has survived in some armies (see below).

The term may also be used for other things such as items of jewellery worn around the throat region in several societies, for example wide thin gold collars found in prehistoric Ireland dating to the Bronze Age.