hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liche
Liche, also spelled Liché and Litché, was a settlement in Ethiopia in the late 19th and early 20th century. It was a major market town in Shoa and briefly served as that kingdom's capital. The future emperor Menelek was forced to move his court to Debra Bernam (modern Debre Berhan) in 1878 as part of his treaty with Yohannes IV.

Debre Birhan
Debre Birhan (Amharic: ደብረ ብርሃን) is a city in central Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, about 120 kilometers north east of Addis Ababa on  Ethiopian highway 2, the town has an elevation of 2,840 meters, which makes it the highest town in Africa. It was an early capital of Ethiopia and afterwards, with Ankober and Angolalla, was one of the capitals of the kingdom of Shewa. Today, it is the administrative center of the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region.
Eheliyagoda
Eheliyagoda is a town in Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka. It 
is located approximately 72 km (45 mi) east of Colombo.

The town is the centre of traditional gemstone mining and rubber plantations. Ekanite, a rare radioactive gemstone, was first discovered in Eheliyagoda in 1953 by F. L. D. Ekanayake.

In 2018 Eheliyagoda was identified as a priority town, to be developed under the Small and Medium Town Development Programme being undertaken by the Ministry of Defence and Urban Development. Proposed improvements under the programme include a public fair and playgrounds.

Sabaragamuwa Province
The Sabaragamuwa Province (IPA: [səbəɾəɡəmuʋə], Sinhala: සබරගමුව පළාත, romanised: Sabaragamuwa Paḷāta, Tamil: சபரகமுவ மாகாணம், romanised: Sabaragamuva Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. Ratnapura is the capital of the province.
Giuseppe Arcidiacono
Giuseppe Arcidiacono (1927–1998) was an Italian physicist, born in Acireale. He earned his degree in physics at the University of Catania in 1951.

Arcidiacono was mathematician Luigi Fantappiè's main disciple. Together they worked on what they called projective relativity at the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica in Rome.

In 1958 Arcidiacono won a scholarship to the Istituto H. Poincaré in Paris. He won the mathematics prize from the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. From 1969 until his death in 1998 he was Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Perugia.

Luigi Fantappiè
Luigi Fantappiè (15 September 1901 – 28 July 1956) was an Italian mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis and for creating the theory of analytic functionals: he was a student and follower of Vito Volterra. Later in life, he proposed scientific theories of sweeping scope.
The Sunless City
The Sunless City: From the Papers and Diaries of the Late Josiah Flintabbatey Flonatin (or simply The Sunless City) is a dime novel written by J. E. Preston Muddock in 1905. The novel is about a prospector named Josiah Flintabbaty Flonatin who explores a bottomless lake in a submarine, and discovers a land where the norms of society are backwards. The title character is the namesake for the city of Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada.

J. E. Preston Muddock
James Edward Preston Muddock, also known as Joyce Emmerson Preston Muddock and Dick Donovan (28 May 1843 – 23 January 1934), was a prolific British journalist and author of mystery and horror fiction. For a time his detective stories were as popular as those of Arthur Conan Doyle. Between 1889 and 1922 he published nearly 300 detective and mystery stories.
Joseph Carter (socialist)
Joseph Carter (1910–1970) was the pseudonym of Joseph Friedman, a founding member of the American Trotskyist movement.

Friedman was expelled from the Young Communist League, the youth wing of the Communist Party of America, in 1929 for his Trotskyist sympathies. He became a charter member of the Trotskyist Communist League of America and with Emanuel Geltman and Albert Glotzer created Young Spartacus, the youth newspaper of the Communist league.  Friedman was the original editor of Labor Action, the official organ of the Workers Party, the organization established by James Burnham, Max Shachtman, and Martin Abern in April 1940 following their departure from the Socialist Workers Party. He was one of the originators of the theory of bureaucratic collectivism. He dropped out of political activity after World War II.

Workers Party (United States)
The Workers Party (WP) was a Third Camp Trotskyist group in the United States. It was founded in April 1940 by members of the Socialist Workers Party who opposed the Soviet invasion of Finland and Leon Trotsky's belief that the USSR under Joseph Stalin was still innately proletarian, a "degenerated workers' state." They included Max Shachtman, who became the new group's leader, Hal Draper, C. L. R. James, Raya Dunayevskaya, Martin Abern, Joseph Carter, Julius Jacobson, Phyllis Jacobson, Albert Glotzer, Stan Weir, B. J. Widick, James Robertson, and Irving Howe. The party's politics are often referred to as "Shachtmanite."

At the time of the split, almost 40%  of the membership of the SWP left to form the Workers Party. The WP had approximately 500 members. Although it recruited among workers and youth during World War II it never grew substantially, despite having more impact than its numbers would suggest.
Black as He's Painted
Black As He's Painted (1974) is a detective novel by Ngaio Marsh, the 28th to feature Roderick Alleyn.

The plot concerns the newly independent fictional African nation of Ng'ombwana, whose president and Alleyn went to school together, and a series of murders connected to its embassy in London.

Ngaio Marsh
Dame Edith Ngaio Marsh DBE (/ˈnaɪoʊ/ NY-oh; 23 April 1895 – 18 February 1982) was a New Zealand writer.

As a crime writer during the "Golden Age of Detective Fiction", Marsh is known as one of the "Queens of Crime", along with Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, and Margery Allingham. She is known primarily for her character Inspector Roderick Alleyn, a gentleman detective who works for the Metropolitan Police (London).

The Ngaio Marsh Awards are awarded annually for the best New Zealand mystery, crime and thriller fiction writing.
Bheki W. J. Langa
Bheki Winston Joshua Langa (born in Stanger 1952) is a South African diplomat and administrator. He formerly served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of South Africa to Russia from July 2005 to August 2010 and to China from September 2010 to December 2014. He also served as the head of the domestic branch of the State Security Agency (SSA) from August 2015 to March 2017. He is currently managing director of a music production company Econoculture Pty Ltd.

National Intelligence Agency (South Africa)
The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) was the previous name of an intelligence agency of the South African government. Currently it is known as the Domestic Branch of the State Security Agency. It is responsible for domestic and counter-intelligence within the Republic of South Africa. The branch is run by a Director, who reports to the Director-General of the State Security Agency. The Director is also a member of the National Intelligence Co-Ordinating Committee (NICOC).
Płosków, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Płosków [ˈpwɔskuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotów, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

For centuries, the area was part of the Kingdom of Poland and the Greater Poland region (often called the "cradle of Poland"), which beginning in the 10th-century formed the heart of the early Polish state. During the Partitions of Poland beginning in 1772, the area was annexed by Prussia. From 1871 to 1945 the area was part of Germany. In 1945, it re-joined Poland.

Gmina Złotów
Gmina Złotów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Złotów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 292.5 square kilometres (112.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,052.
Lee Ji-hoon (actor, born 1988)
Lee Ji-hoon (born October 29, 1988) is a South Korean actor. He made his acting debut in the teen series School 2013, and has played supporting roles in family dramas You Are the Best! and Golden Rainbow.

Golden Rainbow (TV series)
Golden Rainbow (Korean: 황금 무지개; RR: Hwanggeum mujigae) is a 2013 South Korean television drama series starring Uee, Jung Il-woo, Cha Ye-ryun and Lee Jae-yoon. It aired on MBC from November 2, 2013 to March 30, 2014 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:55 for 41 episodes.
Durga Prasad Subedi
Durga Prasad Subedi (Nepali: दुर्गा प्रसाद सुवेदी) is a Nepalese activist, author, and politician who was one of the three youth wing leaders of the Nepali Congress involved in the 1973 Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 hijacking. Subedi is also the husband of interim Prime Minister of Nepal, Sushila Karki.

1973 Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 hijacking
The 1973 Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 hijacking (also known as the Biratnagar Plane Hijack) was the first aircraft hijacking in the history of Nepal.

The main motive for this incident was to gather funds for an armed revolution to restore multi-party democracy by overthrowing the party-less Panchayat system headed by the King in Nepal, Mahendra of Nepal.
2016 Indonesia Soccer Championship B
The 2016 Indonesia Soccer Championship B is the inaugural season of the Indonesia Soccer Championship B, a football competition that replaced the temporarily suspended Liga Indonesia Premier Division. This competition started in 30 April 2016.

PSCS Cilacap became champion after beating PSS Sleman 4-3 after extra time in the final.

PSCS Cilacap
Persatuan Sepakbola Cilacap dan Sekitarnya (simply known as PSCS Cilacap) is an Indonesian football club based in Cilacap Regency, Central Java. They currently compete in the Liga 4. In 2018, the club was promoted to the Liga 2 after became the runner-up of 2018 Liga 3.
Baddaginnie
Baddaginnie is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the North East railway line, in the Rural City of Benalla, 12 kilometres south-west of Benalla itself on the old Hume Highway.

It is situated in mainly flat unforested country, one kilometre west of Baddaginnie Creek. At the 2021 census, Baddaginnie had a population of 347.

Hume Highway
The Hume Highway, including the sections now known as the Hume Freeway and the Hume Motorway, is one of Australia's major inter-city national highways, running for 840 kilometres (520 mi) between Melbourne in the northeast and Sydney in the southwest. Upgrading of the route from Sydney's outskirts to Melbourne's outskirts to dual carriageway was completed on 7 August 2013.

From north to south, the road is called the Hume Highway in metropolitan Sydney, the Hume Motorway between the Cutler Interchange and Berrima, the Hume Highway elsewhere in New South Wales and the Hume Freeway in Victoria. It is part of the Auslink National Network and is a vital link for road freight to transport goods to and from the two cities as well as serving Albury–Wodonga and Canberra. It is therefore considered to be Australia's longest highway in terms of its dual-carriageway standard retaining the M, or motorway, alphanumeric.
Asian Contents & Film Market
The Asian Contents & Film Market (ACFM) is an entertainment trade show that runs alongside the Busan International Film Festival.  It brings together creators, investors, and buyers large from across Asia, but also from other regions of the world. It is comparable to the Marché du Film in the Cannes Film Festival, with a focus on Asia.

It was previously known as the Asian Film Market, and is currently headed by Ellen Y.D. Kim.

Busan International Film Festival
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF; Korean: 부산국제영화제), formerly the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF), held annually in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. The first festival, held from 13 to 21 September 1996, was also the first international film festival in Korea.

The main focus of the BIFF is to introduce new films and first-time directors, especially those from Asian countries. Another notable feature is the appeal of the festival to young people, both in terms of the large youthful audience it attracts and through its efforts to develop and promote young talent.

In 1999, the Pusan Promotion Plan (renamed Asian Project Market in 2011) was established to connect new directors to funding sources. The 16th BIFF in 2011 saw the festival move to a new permanent home, the Busan Cinema Center in Centum City.
Jylan Ware
Jylan Ware (born October 16, 1993) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Alabama State Hornets, and was selected in the seventh round of the 2017 NFL draft by the Oakland Raiders.

Alabama State Hornets football
The Alabama State Hornets are the college football team representing the Alabama State University. The Hornets play in NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).

Hornet Stadium serves as the facility for Alabama State football games and practices. The 120-yard field turf playing field provides training to ASU football in all weather conditions. In June 2011, construction on the Houston Markham Football Complex was completed. The two-story, 30,000-square-foot facility serves as the new home of the football program.
E (Cyrillic)
E (Э э; italics: Э э or Э э; italics: Э э); also known as backwards ye, from Russian е оборо́тное, ye oborótnoye, [ˈjɛ ɐbɐˈrotnəjə] is a letter found in three Slavic languages: Russian, Belarusian, and West Polesian. It represents the vowels [e] and [ɛ], as the e in the word "editor". In other Slavic languages that use the Cyrillic script, the sounds are represented by Ye (Е е), which in Russian and Belarusian represents [je] in initial and postvocalic position or [e] with palatalization of the preceding consonant. This letter closely resembles and should not be confused with the older Cyrillic letter Ukrainian Ye (Є є), of which Э is a backwards version.

In Cyrillic Moldovan, which was used in the Moldovan SSR during the Soviet Union and is still used in Transnistria, the letter corresponds to ă in the Latin Romanian alphabet, and the phoneme [ə]. It is also used in the Cyrillic alphabets used by Mongolian and many Uralic, Caucasian and Turkic languages of the former Soviet Union.

Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ ⓘ, US also /-lɪ-/) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, to the base letter. Palatalization is not phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian; Uralic languages such as Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Enets and Mansi; Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; and other various languages such as Irish, Lithuanian, Marshallese and Kashmiri.
Chappaqua Central School District
The Chappaqua Central School District is a K-12 public school district in Westchester County, New York.

It includes the village of Chappaqua, New York and the census-designated place of Millwood. The district has much of New Castle Town and portions of Mount Pleasant Town.

The current superintendent of schools is Dr.  Christine Ackerman. Chappaqua Central School District is ranked 53rd Best School District in the United States by Niche.

New Castle, New York
New Castle is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 18,311 in the 2020 United States census,  an increase over 17,569 at the 2010 census. It includes the named hamlets of Chappaqua and Millwood, but residents and businesses in the Town of New Castle can also have a designated city address of Ossining, or Millwood (together commonly referred to as the "West End" of New Castle) as well as Chappaqua or even Mt. Kisco.
Slayer (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
A Slayer in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel (both created by Joss Whedon), is a young woman bestowed by fate with supernatural powers and abilities that originate from the heart, soul, and spirit of a pure-demon.

The opening narration in the Buffy series states "In every generation there is a chosen one. She alone will stand against the vampires, the demons, and the forces of darkness. She is the Slayer."

While they are commonly referred to as "Vampire Slayers" within the series, even by Watchers and vampires themselves, The Slayer operates as a defender of humanity against all supernatural threats.

The reputation of the Slayer is well-known and revered even throughout other dimensions. The notion of the Slayer has been compared to the equivalent of a Demonic "Boogey-Man", incredibly feared and considered by most to be essentially unconquerable.

Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight
Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight is a comic book series published by Dark Horse Comics from 2007 to 2011. It serves as a canonical continuation of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and follows the events of that show's final televised season. It is produced by Joss Whedon, who wrote or co-wrote three of the series arcs and several one-shot stories. The series was followed by Season Nine in 2011.

Season Eight was originally supposed to consist of about 25 issues, but eventually expanded to a 40-issue run. The series also spawned a handful of spin-off titles, including a Tales of the Vampires follow-up and one-shots focusing on Willow and Riley.

The success of the series prompted IDW Publishing and Whedon to publish a concurrent continuation of the Angel television series, titled Angel: After the Fall, and a Spike comic book series, which bridges some aspects of continuity between After the Fall and Season Eight. A motion comic version of the series debuted in 2010.
Bob Burnet
Bob Burnet (born 18 February 1860), was a Scottish rugby union footballer of the 1880s, who played in Scotland for Hawick, and was selected to play at a representative level for the British Isles on the 1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia, the first tour by a team representing the British Isles. He and his brother Willie, are also notable for being the first set of siblings to tour together for the Lions.

Hawick RFC
Hawick Rugby Football Club is an semi-pro rugby union side, currently playing in the Scottish Premiership and Border League. The club was founded in 1885 and are based at Mansfield Park at Hawick in the Scottish Borders.
Pittsburgh Manifesto
"To the Workingmen of America", known as the "Pittsburgh Manifesto" or "Pittsburgh Proclamation", is an anarchist manifesto issued at the October 1883 Pittsburgh Congress of the International Working People's Association. After the organization faded, the manifesto remained generally accepted by American anarchists as a clear articulation of their beliefs.

International Working People's Association
The International Working People's Association (IWPA), sometimes known as the "Black International," and originally named the "International Revolutionary Socialists", was an international anarchist political organization established in 1881 at a convention held in London, England.

In the United States, the group was created by an 1881 congress in Chicago, Illinois, held by the New York Social Revolutionary Club. The US IWPA is best remembered as the political organization uniting Albert Parsons, August Spies, and other anarchist leaders prosecuted in the wake of the 1886 Haymarket bombing.
Antipassive voice
The antipassive voice (abbreviated ANTIP or AP) is a type of grammatical voice that either does not include the object or includes the object in an oblique case. This construction is similar to the passive voice, in that it decreases the verb's valency by one – the passive by deleting the agent and "promoting" the object to become the subject of the passive construction, the antipassive by deleting the object and "promoting" the agent to become the subject of the antipassive construction.

Ergative case
In grammar, the ergative case (abbreviated erg) is the grammatical case that identifies a nominal phrase  as the agent of a transitive verb in ergative–absolutive languages.

Comparing this with English: we use a Subject-Object model where the Subject is the "doer" and the object is the one done to.  For example, a sentence like "I help him" is Subject-Noun-Object (a transitive sentence) and "He sleeps" is Subject-Noun with no object (intransitive).  But in languages that use an Ergative-Absolutive model, the Ergative is used as "doer" only in a transitive sentence, otherwise the Absolutive is used.  So it's like saying "I help him" (Ergative-Noun-Absolutive) but "Him sleeps" (Absolutive-Noun) (= sleeping is happening to him).
Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority
The Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority is a Western Australian authority that commenced operation on 1 January 1974.

The Authority was established under the Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority Act of 1974 for the treatment, management, care and rehabilitation of people suffering from alcohol and drug abuse in Western Australia.

The Authority has undertaken research and provided educational facilities directed at alcohol and drug abuse.  Various members of the authority have at times declared publicly their attitude towards evidence of alcohol abuse in Australia and the authority has had as part of its activity, concern about the criminalization of drunkenness.
A range of people worked for the authority as social workers or other professional roles during their careers, including Kay Hallahan.

It has also provided materials assisting people requiring help.

The Authority also manages rehabilitation centres.

Kay Hallahan
Elsie Kay Hallahan AO (born 4 November 1941) is a member and a former deputy leader of the Western Australian Labor Party. She also served as a minister in the Burke, Dowding and Lawrence ministries in Western Australia, and was the first woman to sit in both the Western Australian Legislative Assembly and the Western Australian Legislative Council.
The Money or the Gun
The Money or the Gun was an Australian comedy/talk-show on the ABC network. It ran from late  1989 to mid-1990, with occasional specials until 1994. It was written by Andrew Denton, Simon Dodd, Bruce Griffiths, and George Dodd, directed by Martin Coombes and produced by Mark Fitzgerald.

Each episode was based on a significant theme, with Denton interviewing a number of people as well as conducting vox pops on the street. Significant episodes include "Guns-The Musical" and the award-winning episode on disabilities, "The Year of the Patronising Bastard" (which picked up a United Nations Media Peace Prize). In 1993, a one-off special was called "Topic of Cancer", which talked to teenagers with cancer (while at a CanTeen weekend). In 2003, Denton held a 10-year reunion for the people on the 1993 show, as part of his ABC interview programme Enough Rope.

George Dodd (Australian writer)
George Dodd is an Australian comedy writer.  His list of credits as co-writer includes many popular Australian comedy TV shows from the 1990s up until today, including Good News Week.

He appeared on-screen in Andrew Denton's 1989/1990 comedy series The Money or the Gun, under his own name, playing the part of a supposed expert on various subjects.
Never Gonna Change
"Never Gonna Change" is a song recorded by New Zealand music duo Broods for their debut EP, Broods (2014). It was released 29 January 2014 through Polydor Records as the primary single from Broods in the United Kingdom, and second from the EP overall.

Broods (EP)
Broods is the debut extended play (EP) by New Zealand music duo Broods, first released digitally 31 January 2014 in select territories through Dryden Street, Island Records Australia and Universal Music Australia as the duo's debut studio effort. It was preceded by lead single "Bridges", which became a top-10 hit in their native New Zealand.