hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fourth metacarpal bone
The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third.

The base is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two facets, a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small one laterally for the capitate.

On the radial side are two oval facets, for articulation with the third metacarpal; and on the ulnar side a single concave facet, for the fifth metacarpal.

Boxer's fracture
A boxer's fracture is the break of the fifth metacarpal bone of the hand near the knuckle. Occasionally, it is used to refer to fractures of the fourth metacarpal as well. Symptoms include pain and a depressed knuckle.

Classically, it occurs after a person hits an object with a closed fist. The knuckle is then bent towards the palm of the hand. Diagnosis is generally suspected based on symptoms and confirmed with X-rays.

For most fractures with less than 70 degrees of angulation, buddy taping and a tensor bandage resulted in similar outcomes to reduction with splinting. In those with more than 70 degrees of angulation or in which the broken finger is rotated, reduction and splinting may be recommended.

They represent about a fifth of hand fractures. They occur more commonly in males than females. Both short and long term outcomes are generally good. The knuckle, however, typically remains somewhat deformed.
Gronau, Lower Saxony
Gronau (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁoːnaʊ] ⓘ) is a town and a municipality in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the River Leine, approximately 15 km southwest of Hildesheim, and 35 km south of Hanover. Since 1 November 2016, the former municipalities Banteln, Betheln, Brüggen, Despetal and Rheden are part of the municipality Gronau.

Gronau is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") of Leinebergland.

Leinebergland (Samtgemeinde)
Leinebergland is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the town Gronau. It was formed on 1 November 2016 by the merger of the former Samtgemeinden Gronau and Duingen. It takes its name from the Leine Uplands.

The Samtgemeinde Leinebergland consists of the following municipalities:

Duingen

Eime

Gronau

52°04′N 9°47′E﻿ / ﻿52.07°N 9.78°E﻿ / 52.07; 9.78
The Toreador
The Toreador is an Edwardian musical comedy in two acts by James T. Tanner and Harry Nicholls, with lyrics by Adrian Ross and Percy Greenbank and music by Ivan Caryll and Lionel Monckton.  It opened at the Gaiety Theatre in London, managed by George Edwardes, on  17 June 1901 and ran for an extremely successful 675 performances.  It starred Marie Studholme, Gertie Millar, Harry Grattan, Edmund Payne, George Grossmith, Jr. and the young Sidney Bracy.  Gabrielle Ray later joined the cast.  The show also enjoyed Broadway runs in 1902 and 1904 and toured internationally.

Key songs include "Captivating Cora", "I'm Romantic", "When I Marry Amelia", "Keep Off the Grass", and "Archie".

As was customary for musicals at the time, other songs were interpolated into the show.  For example Christie MacDonald performed "Moon, Moon" in the show, which was written by Nathaniel D. Mann.

Lionel Monckton
Lionel John Alexander Monckton (18 December 1861 – 15 February 1924) was an English composer of musical theatre. He became Britain's most popular composer of Edwardian musical comedy in the early years of the 20th century.
The Shoe
The Shoe is a hamlet in the parish of North Wraxall, in the north-west of Wiltshire in England.  It lies at the junction of the Fosse Way (the old Roman road from Exeter to Lincoln) and the A420 (running from Bristol to Oxford).  The settlement is named after the former inn called The Horse-shoe and is about 7 miles (11 km) west of Chippenham and the same distance northeast of Bath.

Fosse Way
The Fosse Way was a Roman road built in Britain during the first and second centuries AD that linked Isca Dumnoniorum (Exeter) in the southwest and Lindum Colonia (Lincoln) to the northeast, via Lindinis (Ilchester), Aquae Sulis (Bath), Corinium (Cirencester), and Ratae Corieltauvorum (Leicester). Much of its route is still used by modern roads, lanes and byways.
Tala Shin Saw Bok
Tala Shin Saw Bok (Burmese: တလရှင်စောဗုတ်, pronounced [təla̰ ʃɪ̀ɰ̃ sɔ́ boʊ̯ʔ]) was a principal queen of King Binnya E Law of Martaban. She was a daughter of King Hkun Law and sister of Queen Sanda Min Hla. Bok was raised as queen by her half-brother E Law in 1348. The marriage was arranged by her elder sister Sanda Min Hla, who had just put E Law on the throne.

Sanda Min Hla
Sanda Min Hla (Burmese: စန္ဒာမင်းလှ, pronounced [sàɰ̃dà mɪ́ɰ̃ l̥a̰]; c. 1300s–1363/64) was the chief queen consort of three kings of Martaban, and the real palace power behind the throne. Her murder of her second husband King Saw E, grandson of the king of Sukhothai provoked an invasion from Sukhothai. Her third husband King Binnya E Law, whom she also placed on the throne, defeated the invasion.
Bibliothèque Inguimbertine
The Bibliothèque Inguimbertine is a scholarly library located in Carpentras. It was established by Joseph-Dominique d'Inguimbert, the Bishop of Carpentras from 1735 to 1754. It has been called "the oldest of our municipal libraries" by chief librarian Jean-François Delmas. It currently contains about 220,000 books.

In 2013, the council decided to move the library into roomier quarters in the former Hôtel-Dieu. Refurbishment works to accommodate the library were completed in April 2024.

Carpentras
Carpentras (French pronunciation: [kaʁpɑ̃tʁa], formerly [kaʁpɑ̃tʁas]; Provençal Occitan: Carpentràs in classical norm or Carpentras in Mistralian norm; Latin: Carpentoracte) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

As capital of the Comtat Venaissin, it was frequently the residence of the Avignon popes; the Papal States retained possession of the Venaissin until the French Revolution. Nowadays, Carpentras is a commercial center for Comtat Venaissin and is famous for the black truffle markets held from winter to early spring.

Carpentras briefly held France's all-time high-temperature record, during the heatwave of June 2019.
Husaberg
Husaberg was a manufacturer of enduro motorcycles with four and two-stroke engines, the displacements ranging from 125 cc to 650 cc. Originally based in Sweden, its motorcycles were later manufactured in Austria by parent company KTM until the line was retired in 2014.

Joël Smets
Joël Smets (born 6 April 1969) is a Belgian former professional motocross racer and current Racing Sports Director for KTM motorcycles. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1989 to 2005. Smets is notable for being a five-time motocross world champion, six-time Belgian national champion and was Belgian Sportsman of the year in 2000. His 57 career Grand Prix victories ranks him fourth overall among motocross world championship competitors.
Eden Hall, Singapore
Eden Hall is the official residence of the British High Commissioner to the Republic of Singapore. It is located on Nassim Road, Tanglin, Singapore.

It was built in 1904 for Ezekiel Saleh Manasseh, a Baghdadi Jewish merchant who sold rice and opium, and originally came from Calcutta. It was designed by the architect R. A. J. Bidwell, who also designed the Raffles Hotel and the Goodwood Park Hotel. The architect Leonard Manasseh, the nephew of Ezekiel Saleh Manasseh, was born there in 1916.

Ezekiel Manasseh died in the Changi Prison hospital in May 1944 during the Japanese occupation of Singapore, and in 1957, his stepson Vivian Bath retired to Australia and sold Eden House to the British government for the nominal sum of £56,000 and stipulated that there must be a plaque at the bottom of the flagpole: "May the Union Jack fly here forever". After Singapore's independence, the building was made the official residence of the British High Commissioner to the Republic of Singapore.

Tanglin
Tanglin is a planning area located within the Central Region of Singapore. Tanglin is located west of Newton, Orchard, River Valley and Singapore River, south of Novena, east of Bukit Timah, northeast of Queenstown and north of Bukit Merah.
Adhyperforin
Adhyperforin is a phytochemical found in the members of the plant genus Hypericum including St. John's Wort. It has a very similar pharmacological profile to hyperforin and acts as a TRPC6 ion channel activator, thereby inhibiting the reuptake of various neurotransmitters including serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, GABA, and glutamate. Adhyperforin is found in St. John's Wort in levels approximately 1/10 those of hyperforin.

Reuptake inhibitor
Reuptake inhibitors (RIs) are a type of reuptake modulators. It is a drug that inhibits the plasmalemmal transporter-mediated reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse into the pre-synaptic neuron. This leads to an increase in extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter and  an increase in neurotransmission. Various drugs exert their psychological and physiological effects through reuptake inhibition, including many antidepressants and psychostimulants.

Most known reuptake inhibitors affect the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine (and epinephrine), and dopamine. However, there are also a number of pharmaceuticals and research chemicals that act as reuptake inhibitors for other neurotransmitters such as glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, adenosine, choline (the precursor of acetylcholine), and the endocannabinoids, among others.
As If I Am Not There
As If I Am Not There (Serbian: Као да ме нема / Kao da me nema) is a 2010 Irish-Serbian drama film directed by Juanita Wilson. The film is set in the Balkans and is shot in the Serbo-Croatian language. It was selected as the Irish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but did not make the final shortlist.

The film follows a young teacher who travels to a remote village. After the village is attacked, she is imprisoned and raped, together with the women of village. It is based on Slavenka Drakulić's 1999 novel of the same name that deals with war rape in the Bosnian War.

Juanita Wilson
Juanita Wilson is an Irish director and writer from Dublin. Her short film The Door received an Irish Film and Television Award (IFTA) in 2009 and an Academy Award nomination in 2010. Her debut feature film As If I Am Not There received the 2011 Irish Film and Television Award for best film, best script, and best director.
Elrod, Alabama
Elrod is an unincorporated community in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. Elrod is located on County Route 15, 13.3 miles (21.4 km) west-northwest of Tuscaloosa. Elrod has a post office with ZIP code 35458. Elrod was renamed from Sipsey Turnpike in 1898 after the Mobile and Ohio Railroad reached the community. It was named in honor of William W. Elrod, a local physician.

Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
Tuscaloosa County is a county in the northwest-central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama and is the center of commerce, education, industry, health care, and entertainment for the region.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 227,036, making it the fifth-most populous county in Alabama. The county seat and largest city is Tuscaloosa. Tuscaloosa County is part of the Tuscaloosa, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Hale and Pickens counties. The community gained international attention in 1993 when it landed Mercedes-Benz's first North American assembly plant, and as of 2021, the company employs over 4,000 people at the facility. Even so, Tier-1 research university the University of Alabama remains the county's largest employer and dominant economic and cultural engine.
Bids for the 1998 Winter Olympics
The selection process for the 1998 Winter Olympics consisted of five bids, and saw Nagano, Japan, be selected ahead of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Östersund, Sweden; Jaca, Spain; and Aosta, Italy. The selection was made at the 97th IOC Session in Birmingham, United Kingdom, on 15 June 1991.

The Nagano Olympic bid committee spent approximately $14 million to entertain the 62 International Olympic Committee members and many of their companions. The precise figures are unknown since Nagano, after the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public, destroyed the financial records, according to bid committee member Junichi Yamaguchi.

Junichi Yamaguchi
Junichi Yamaguchi (born 30 March 1940) is a Japanese field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Junichi was a key official of the Nagano Olympic bid committee, which spent approximately $14 million to entertain the 62 International Olympic Committee (IOC) members and many of their companions. The precise figures are unknown since Nagano, after the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public, destroyed the financial records.
Miss USA 2019
Miss USA 2019 was the 68th Miss USA pageant, held at the Grand Sierra Resort in Reno, Nevada on May 2, 2019. The 2019 competition served as the second consecutive time that the pageant has been held concurrently with the Miss Teen USA competition. This was also the final pageant where it was televised on Fox.

The contest was won by Cheslie Kryst of North Carolina, who was crowned by Sarah Rose Summers of Nebraska. This was North Carolina's third time winning the Miss USA title, and its first in ten years. Kryst was the first non-consecutive African American to win the title and the third one in four years. Kryst represented the United States at Miss Universe 2019, placing in the top ten.

Contestants from fifty states and the District of Columbia competed in this edition. Nick Lachey and Vanessa Lachey served as hosts, while Lu Sierra served as commentator. T-Pain and Nick Lachey performed in this edition.

Sarah Rose Summers
Sarah Rose Summers Combs is an American beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss USA 2018. As Miss USA, she represented the United States at Miss Universe 2018, where she reached in the Top 20. Previously, Summers won Miss Nebraska USA 2018 and went on to become the first woman from Nebraska to win the Miss USA title.
The Wise Guy
The Wise Guy is a 1926 American silent crime drama film produced and directed by Frank Lloyd and distributed through First National Pictures. Jules Furthman provided a screen story with scenario by Adela Rogers St. Johns. Mary Astor, James Kirkwood, and Betty Compson star.

Frank Lloyd
Frank William George Lloyd (2 February 1886 – 10 August 1960) was a Scottish-American film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and was its president from 1934 to 1935.

He is Scotland's first Academy Award winner and is unique in film history, having received three Oscar nominations in 1929 for his work on a silent film (The Divine Lady), a part-talkie (Weary River) and a full talkie (Drag). He won for The Divine Lady. He was nominated and won again in 1933 for his adaptation of Noël Coward's Cavalcade and received a further Best Director nomination in 1935 for perhaps his most successful film, Mutiny on the Bounty.

In 1957, he was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. In 1960, Lloyd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry, at 6667 Hollywood Boulevard.
Carmelo Delgado Delgado
Carmelo Delgado Delgado (April 20, 1913 – April 29, 1937) was a leader of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Delgado joined the Abraham Lincoln International Brigade and fought against the Spanish Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. Delgado Delgado, a Puerto Rican by birth and national origin, is thought to be the first U.S. citizen to die in Spain's civil war.

Cadets of the Republic
Cadets of the Republic, known in Spanish as Cadetes de la República, was the paramilitary wing of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party in the twentieth century. The organization was also referred to as the Liberation Army of Puerto Rico (Ejército Libertador de Puerto Rico).

The Cadets of the Republic were founded and organized in the 1930s by Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos, the president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Some members of the cadets participated in the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s against United States colonial rule.

The following is a brief history of the Cadets of the Republic, covering the period from 1930 to 1950.
Daleka obala
Daleka obala (trans. Faraway Coast) was a Croatian (formerly Yugoslav) rock band based in Split, active between 1985 and 2002. The band was composed of Marijan Ban, Jadran Vušković, Boris Hrepić, Bogašin Šoić Mirilović and Zoran Ukić. Two members of the band have gone on to form "The Obala", which has recorded 2 CDs to date.

Most songs have been written by vocalist Marijan Ban, with exceptions, such as Kurve and Osamdesete which were written by pianist and guitarist Bogašin Šoić Mirilović. Ban's abstract range of topics had been an influence on Croatian songwriting. Bogašin Šoić Mirilović died on 21 June 2018.

Zoran Ukić's son Roko is a well-known basketball player, currently playing point guard for KK Split.

Roko Ukić
Roko Leni Ukić (born December 5, 1984) is a Croatian former professional basketball player. Standing at 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m), he mainly played at the point guard position, but could also play at the shooting guard position.
Dodge City Civic Center
The Dodge City Civic Center is a 2,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Dodge City, Kansas. It was home to the Dodge City Legend basketball team. The arena has all spectator seating on one side as a stage for community theatre is located on the other side. When Dodge City High School played home basketball games there, the student section was situated on the stage.

Dodge City Community College also plays its home men's and women's basketball games there. The Civic Center is also home to the annual mid-season basketball tournaments (boys and girls) for the Southern Plains Iroquois Athletic Association (high school, commonly known by its acronym, SPIAA). It also often hosts a Kansas Class 1A regional or sub-state basketball tournament in late February or early March.

The building was built in 1955 and designed by Mann & Company, architects of Hutchinson.

Dodge City, Kansas
Dodge City is a city in and the county seat of Ford County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 27,788.  It was named after nearby Fort Dodge, which was named in honor of Grenville Dodge.  The city is known in American culture for its history as a wild frontier town of the Old West.
Richard Gregg (social philosopher)
Richard Bartlett Gregg (1885–1974) was an American social philosopher said to be "the first American to develop a substantial theory of nonviolent resistance" based on the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, and so influenced the thinking of Martin Luther King Jr., Aldous Huxley, civil-rights theorist Bayard Rustin,
the pacifist and socialist reformer Jessie Wallace Hughan, and the Peace Pledge Union.

Peace Pledge Union
The Peace Pledge Union (PPU) is a non-governmental organisation that promotes pacifism, based in the United Kingdom. Its members are signatories to the following pledge: "War is a crime against humanity. I renounce war, and am therefore determined not to support any kind of war. I am also determined to work for the removal of all causes of war", and campaign to promote peaceful and nonviolent solutions to conflict. The PPU forms the British section of War Resisters' International.
3 ft 6 in gauge railways
Railways with a track gauge of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways. The first intercity passenger railway to use the 3 ft 6 in gauge was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl. From the mid-nineteenth century, the gauge became widespread in the British Empire. In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, even though it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia.

There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways.

Rail transport in South Africa
Rail transport in South Africa is an important element of the country's transport infrastructure. All major cities are connected by rail, and South Africa's railway system was once the most highly developed in Africa. However, lack of proper maintenance, vandalism, corruption and rail infrastructure theft have all but destroyed the performance of the railway system in recent decades. The South African rail industry is publicly owned.
Mamta Sodha
Mamta Sodha is an Indian sportsperson, known for her successful 2010 attempt to scale Mount Everest. She was honoured by the Government of India, in 2014, by bestowing on her the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for her services to the field of mountaineering sport.

Kurukshetra University
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (KUK) is a University established on 11 January 1956 in Kurukshetra, in the Indian state of Haryana, 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the capital, Delhi. It is a member of Association of Commonwealth Universities.
Flong
In relief printing, a flong, also called a matrix or mat, is a temporary negative paper mould made from an impression in a forme of set type or other relief matter, such as printing blocks.   A flong is an intermediate step used to cast a metal stereotype (or "stereo") which can be used in letterpress printing on either flat-bed or rotary press. After the flong is made, the original type can be distributed (for hand-set composition) or melted-down (for hot-metal typesetting). A flong is part of the stereotype process.

Hot metal typesetting
In printing and typography, hot metal typesetting (also called mechanical typesetting, hot lead typesetting, hot metal, and hot type) is a technology for typesetting text in letterpress printing. This method injects molten type metal into a mold that has the shape of one or more glyphs. The resulting sorts or slugs are later used to press ink onto paper. Normally the typecasting machine would be controlled by a keyboard or by a paper tape.

It was the standard technology used for mass-market printing from the late nineteenth century until the arrival of phototypesetting (also called cold type) and then electronic processes in the 1950s to 1980s.
Dirty Dozen Brass Band
The Dirty Dozen Brass Band is an American brass band based in New Orleans, Louisiana. The ensemble was established in 1977, by Benny Jones and members of the Tornado Brass Band. The Dirty Dozen incorporated funk and bebop into the traditional New Orleans jazz style, and has since been a major influence on local music. In 2023, they won the Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance.

Danny Barker
Daniel Moses Barker (January 13, 1909 – March 13, 1994) was an American jazz musician, vocalist, and author from New Orleans. He was a rhythm guitarist for Cab Calloway, Lucky Millinder and Benny Carter during the 1930s.

One of Barker's earliest teachers in New Orleans was fellow banjoist Emanuel Sayles, with whom he recorded. Throughout his career, he played with Jelly Roll Morton, Baby Dodds, James P. Johnson, Sidney Bechet, Mezz Mezzrow, and Red Allen. He also toured and recorded with his wife, singer Blue Lu Barker. From the 1960s, Barker's work with the Fairview Baptist Church Brass Band was pivotal in ensuring the longevity of jazz in New Orleans, producing generations of new talent, including Wynton and Branford Marsalis who played in the band as youths.