hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joan E. Spero
Joan Edelman Spero (born October 2, 1944 in Davenport, Iowa) is a Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs, where she researches and writes about international philanthropy and its role in the global system. From 2009 to 2010, Ms. Spero was a visiting scholar at the Foundation Center, where she conducted research on the role of American private foundations in U.S. foreign policy and in the global system.

Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs
The Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University, a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City. SIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields, as well as the Executive MPA and PhD program in Sustainable Development.

SIPA's alumni include former heads of state, business leaders, journalists, diplomats, and elected representatives. Half of SIPA's nearly 1,400 students are international, coming from over 100 countries. SIPA has more than 70 full-time faculty, many of which include the world's leading scholars on international relations.
Methylenediurea deaminase
Methylenediurea deaminase (EC 3.5.3.21, methylenediurease) is an enzyme with systematic name methylenediurea aminohydrolase found in Brucella anthropi, a bacterium. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:

methylenediurea + 2 H2O  N-(hydroxymethyl)urea + 2 NH3 + CO2 (overall reaction)

(1a) methylenediurea + H2O  N-(carboxyaminomethyl)urea + NH3

(1b) N-(carboxyaminomethyl)urea  N-(aminomethyl)urea + CO2 (spontaneous)

(1c) N-(aminomethyl)urea + H2O  N-(hydroxymethyl)urea + NH3 (spontaneous)

Methylenediurea is hydrolysed and decarboxylated to give an aminated methylurea.

Methylene diurea
Methylene diurea (MDU) is the organic compound with the formula CH2(NHC(O)NH2)2.  It is a white water-soluble solid.  The compound is formed by the condensation of formaldehyde with urea.  Methylene diurea is the substrate for the enzyme methylenediurea deaminase.
First Army (United States)
First Army is the oldest and longest-established field army of the United States Army. It served as a theater army, having seen service in both World War I and World War II, and supplied the US army with soldiers and equipment during the Korean War and the Vietnam War under some of the most famous and distinguished officers of the U.S. Army. It now serves as a mobilization, readiness and training command.

Fort Jay
Fort Jay is a coastal bastion fort and the name of a former United States Army post on Governors Island in New York Harbor, within New York City. Fort Jay is the oldest existing defensive structure on the island, and was named for John Jay, a member of the Federalist Party, New York governor, Chief Justice of the United States, Secretary of State, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. It was built in 1794 to defend Upper New York Bay, but has served other purposes. From 1806 to 1904 it was named Fort Columbus, presumably for explorer Christopher Columbus. Today, the National Park Service administers Fort Jay and Castle Williams as the Governors Island National Monument.
2013 Yemeni Ministry of Defense attack
On 5 December 2013, a coordinated terrorist attack occurred targeting the Ministry of Defense complex in Sanaa, Yemen. Heavily armed militants utilized a car bomb to breach the gates of the complex before storming it and occupying a hospital within it. The attack, which killed 52 people and injured 167, was claimed by Ansar al-Sharia, an affiliate of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). AQAP later issued an apology for the attack after footage from within the hospital was broadcast showing the gunmen murdering medical personnel.

Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen)
Jama'at Ansar al-Shari'a (Arabic: جماعة أنصار الشريعة; Jamāʿat Anṣār aš-Šharīʿa), also known as Ansar al-Shari'a, is a Yemen-based umbrella organization which includes units from several militant Islamic groups of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP).
Mahavavy River
The Mahavavy or Mahavavy-Nord River is a river of northern Madagascar in the region of Diana. It has its sources at the Maromokotra peak in the Tsaratanana Massif and flows north to the Indian Ocean. The main city along the river is Ambilobe at the National Road 6.

The bridge of this road had collapsed after the passage of cyclone Gamane in March 2024. In May local authorities held 2 jôro (traditional rites) hoping this will repair it but in June of the same year the road was still closed.

It crosses a fertile plain and the waters are used for the irrigation of 5500 ha, of mostly, cotton plantations. Its delta covers 500 km2.

Ambilobe
13°12′S 49°3′E﻿ / ﻿13.200°S 49.050°E﻿ / -13.200; 49.050

Ambilobe [amˌbilʷˈbe] which means "Where there are many plantations" is an urban municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambilobe, which is a part of Diana Region. The town is the capital of Ambilobe district, and according to 2018 census the population was approximately 62,346.
2016–17 Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball team represented Mount St. Mary's University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Mountaineers, led by fifth-year head coach Jamion Christian, played their home games at Knott Arena in Emmitsburg, Maryland as members of the Northeast Conference. They finished the season 20–16, 14–4 in NEC play to win the regular season championship, their first championship in 21 years. In the NEC tournament, they defeated Sacred Heart, Robert Morris, and Saint Francis (PA) to win the tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. As a No. 16 seed in the East region, they beat New Orleans in the First Four before losing in the first round to No. 1-seeded and ranked Villanova.

Head coach Jamion Christian was named NEC Coach of the Year.

2016–17 Saint Francis Red Flash men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Saint Francis Red Flash men's basketball team represented Saint Francis University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Red Flash, led by fifth-year head coach Rob Krimmel, played their home games at the DeGol Arena in Loretto, Pennsylvania as members of the Northeast Conference. They finished the season 17–17, 11–7 in NEC play to finish in a tie for third place. They defeated Bryant and Wagner to advance to the Championship game of the NEC tournament where they lost to Mount St. Mary's. They were invited to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they defeated Jacksonville in the first round to win the Hugh Durham Classic. However, they lost in the second round to UMBC.
Bernt Johansson
Bernt Harry Johansson (born 18 April 1953) is a Swedish former road bicycle racer, who was a professional rider from 1977 to 1981. His sporting career began with Mariestadcyklisten. A competitor at the 1972 Summer Olympics, he represented his native country once again at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he won the men's individual road race. For that performance Johansson was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal the same year, together with track and field athlete Anders Gärderud, who claimed gold in the men's 3000 m steeplechase in Montreal.

Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal
The Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal (Swedish: Svenska Dagbladets guldmedalj, but usually simply called Bragdguldet, "The Feat Gold") is an annual award "for the most significant Swedish sports achievement of the year". It has been awarded by a jury led by the Swedish morning paper Svenska Dagbladet since 1925. According to its statutes the Medal may be awarded in November or December to either an individual sportsperson or a team. An individual can be awarded the Medal no more than twice, and to receive a second medal, that athlete must be "regarded a class of his own".
Charles Collier Michell
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Collier Michell, KH (29 March 1793 in Exeter – 28 March 1851 in Eltham, London), later known as Charles Cornwallis Michell, was a British soldier, first surveyor-general in the Cape, road engineer, architect, artist and naturalist.

James Edward Alexander
General Sir James Edward Alexander Kt KStJ CB KLS FRSE FRGS (16 October 1803 – 2 April 1885) was a Scottish traveller, writer and soldier in the British Army.

Alexander was the driving force behind the placement of Cleopatra's Needle on the Thames Embankment.
139th Aero Squadron
The 139th Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.

The squadron was assigned as a day pursuit (fighter) squadron as part of the 2d Pursuit Group, First United States Army.  Its mission was to engage and clear enemy aircraft from the skies and provide escort to reconnaissance and bombardment squadrons over enemy territory.  It also attacked enemy observation balloons, and performed close air support and tactical bombing attacks on enemy forces along the front lines.

The squadron was very successful in combat, having half a dozen air aces including David Putnam, Karl Schoen, Robert Opie Lindsay, and future Brigadier General Harold H. George.

After the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron returned to the United States in June 1919 and was demobilized. There is no current United States Air Force or Air National Guard unit that shares its lineage and history.

Karl John Schoen
First Lieutenant Karl John Schoen (20 October 1894 – 29 October 1918) was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories while flying a Spad XIII for the USAAS during World War I. As such, he was one of the first American aces flying for his home country.
I.O.N (manga)
I.O.N (イ·オ·ン) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Arina Tanemura. Originally serialized in Ribon from May to November 1997, the six chapters were collected and published in a single tankōbon volume  by Shueisha in December 1997. The series was originally intended to be only three chapters, but Ribon had her lengthen it to six chapters. On October 22, 2010, a bonus chapter of the manga was published in the Ribon Fantasy Zokan Go magazine.

The series is licensed for English language release in North America by Viz Media, which published its single volume on April 1, 2008. It is also licensed for regional language releases in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini and in Germany in Egmont Manga & Anime.

Viz Media
Viz Media, LLC is an American entertainment company, focused on publishing manga, and distributing and licensing Japanese anime, films, and television series.

The company was founded in 1986 as Viz, LLC. In 2005, Viz and ShoPro Entertainment merged to form the current Viz Media, which is owned by Japanese publishing conglomerates Shueisha and Shogakukan, as well as Japanese production company Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions (ShoPro). In 2017, Viz Media was the largest publisher of graphic novels in the United States in the bookstore market, with a 23% share of the market.
2017–18 Murray State Racers men's basketball team
The 2017–18 Murray State Racers men's basketball team represented Murray State University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Racers, led by third-year head coach Matt McMahon, played their home games at the CFSB Center in Murray, Kentucky as members of the Ohio Valley Conference. They finished the season 26–6, 16–2 in OVC play to win the OVC regular season championship. They defeated Jacksonville State and Belmont to become champions of the OVC tournament. They earned the OVC's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the first round to West Virginia.

2018 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2018 Ohio Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament that completed the 2017–18 season in the Ohio Valley Conference. The tournament was held February 28 through March 3, 2018 at Ford Center in Evansville, Indiana.

Regular-season champion Murray State defeated Belmont in the championship game to win the tournament and received conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Valdemārpils
Valdemārpils (pronunciationⓘ; German: Saßmacken, Yiddish: שאַסמאַקען, romanized: Shasmaken) (called Sasmaka until 1926) is a town in the Courland region of Latvia, in Talsi Municipality. The town is named after Krišjānis Valdemārs, born in nearby Valdgale parish (then part of Ārlava parish), who was one of the leaders of the First Latvian National Awakening. He is celebrated in the town with a memorial stone. Famous Jewish bibliographer and book collector Ephraim Deinard was born here in 1846.

Sasmaka manor

Lutheran church in Valdemārpils

Monument to Krišjānis Valdemārs

Pentecostal church in Valdemārpils

Courland
Courland is one of the Historical Latvian Lands in western Latvia. Courland's largest city is Liepāja, which is the third largest city in Latvia.

The literal meaning of the name is "Land of Curonians".
Queen Anne, Prince George's County, Maryland
Queen Anne in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, is a former port on the Patuxent River. It was delineated as a CDP for the 2010 census, at which time it had a population of 1,280. Per the 2020 census, the population was 1,405.

Patuxent River
The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland.  There are three main river drainages for central Maryland:  the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington, D.C., the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore, and the Patuxent River between the two.  The 908-square-mile (2,352 km2) Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000. It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland, and its watershed is the largest completely within the state.
Elliott Brood
Elliott Brood (often stylized as Elliott BROOD) is a  three-piece Canadian alternative country band formed in Toronto in 2002. It consists of Mark Sasso on lead vocals, guitar, banjo, ukulele, harmonica and kazoo, Casey Laforet on guitar, lead vocals, backing vocals, bass pedals, keys and ukulele, and Stephen Pitkin on percussion, sampler and backing vocals. The band's style has been categorized as "death country", "frontier rock" or "revival music".

2009 Polaris Music Prize
The 2009 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 21, 2009 in Toronto at the Masonic Temple and broadcast live online for the first time in its short history. The award's eligibility period for 2009 covered albums released between June 1, 2008 and May 31, 2009.

Initial coverage of the award's shortlist noted that six of the ten finalists were repeat nominees. K'naan, Malajube and Metric were all finalists in the 2006 shortlist, while Joel Plaskett, Chad VanGaalen and Patrick Watson were all part of the 2007 award, which Watson won. It was the first time in the award's four-year history that any artist was named to the shortlist for a second time.
EA-3990
EA-3990 is a deadly carbamate nerve agent. It is lethal because it inhibits acetylcholinesterase. Inhibition causes an overly high accumulation of acetylcholine between the nerve and muscle cells. This paralyzes the muscles by preventing their relaxation. The paralyzed muscles include the muscles used for breathing.

Patent assigned to US army for EA-3990 among other similar nerve agents was filed in December 7, 1967. It patents derivatives with 3 to 11 carbons in the connecting alkane chain.

Carbamate
In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general formula R2NC(O)OR and structure >N−C(=O)−O−, which are formally derived from carbamic acid (NH2COOH).  The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formally obtained by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms by other organic functional groups; as well as salts with the carbamate anion H2NCOO− (e.g. ammonium carbamate).

Polymers whose repeat units are joined by carbamate like groups −NH−C(=O)−O− are an important family of plastics, the polyurethanes. See § Etymology for clarification.
Sakshatkara
Sakshatkara (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1971 Indian Kannada-language drama film directed by Puttanna Kanagal and starring Dr. Rajkumar, Jamuna, Prithviraj Kapoor and R. Nagendra Rao. This was third and final collaboration of Kanagal and Rajkumar. Sundar Krishna Urs was the associate director on the film. It was dubbed into Hindi as Insaan.

Jamuna (actress)
Jamuna (née Nippani; 30 August 1936 – 27 January 2023) was an Indian actress, director, and politician who appeared mainly in Telugu cinema. She made her acting debut at age 16 in Dr. Garikapati Rajarao's Puttillu (1953), and received her breakthrough with L. V. Prasad's Missamma (1955). Her filmography also includes Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi films. She won a Filmfare Award and an award at Filmfare Awards South. She was a member of parliament in the 9th Lok Sabha (1989–1991) representing the Rajahmundry constituency.
Nights in Rodanthe (novel)
Nights in Rodanthe is a romantic love story novel by American writer Nicholas Sparks published in September 2002.

Set in Rodanthe, North Carolina, the story follows the intense and close romance of a divorced mother, Adrienne Willis, and a divorced father and surgeon, Paul Flanner. The novel's two main protagonists meet in an inn in Rodanthe and fall strongly in love. However, fate and destiny falls upon them when they realize that leaving Rodanthe would mean going back to their separate lives.

Sparks based parts of his story on his own life's events, particularly his courting of the woman he married, Cathy Cote.  Themes of genuine romantic love, and sacrifice are incorporated into the novel.  Nights in Rodanthe was adapted into a 2008 film of the same name.

Nicholas Sparks
Nicholas Charles Sparks (born December 31, 1965) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and film producer. He has published 24 novels, 16 of which are New York Times bestsellers, and two works of nonfiction, with over 130 million copies sold worldwide (92 million in the U.S. alone) in more than 50 languages. Among his works are The Notebook, A Walk to Remember, and Message in a Bottle all of which, along with eight other books, have been adapted as feature films.
Airport City railway station
31°59′56″N 34°54′43″E﻿ / ﻿31.99889°N 34.91194°E﻿ / 31.99889; 34.91194
Airport City railway station, called Te'ufa railway station in Hebrew (Hebrew: תחנת הרכבת תעופה, Tahanat HaRakevet Te'ufa), is a future Israel Railways station under construction as part of the Eastern Railway. It is intended to service the Airport City business park west of Ben Gurion Airport's Terminal 1. In addition to Eastern Railway services, Airport City station will be linked to the existing Ben Gurion Airport railway station in Terminal 3, allowing direct services from Airport City to Tel Aviv, without a transfer from the Eastern Railway in Lod.

Eastern Railway (Israel)
The Eastern Railway (Hebrew: המסילה המזרחית, romanized: ha-mesila ha-mizraḥit) refers to a railroad in central Israel stretching from Lod to Hadera. The section between Kfar Saba and Lod, as well as a short section just north of Hadera are currently in use but the rest of the railway has not been operative since 1969. However, in 2019 a large-scale project began to rebuild and upgrade the railway along the entire route.
Tunica media
The tunica media (Neo-Latin "middle coat"), or media for short, is the middle tunica (layer) of an artery or vein. It lies between the internal elastic lamina of the tunica intima on the inside and the tunica externa on the outside.

Artery
An artery (from Greek  ἀρτηρία (artēríā)) is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the umbilical arteries in the fetal circulation that carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta. It consists of a multi-layered artery wall wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.

Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.
Lonavala
Lonavala-Khandala is a hill station and a municipal council in the Pune district, Maharashtra. It is about 64 km (40 miles) west of Pune and 96 km (60 miles) to the east of Mumbai. It is known for its production of the hard candy chikki and is also a major stop on the railway line connecting Mumbai and Pune. From the Pune suburbs, local trains are available from Pune Junction. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway and the Mumbai-Pune national highway both pass through Lonavala.

Lonavala is also home to INS Shivaji (formerly HMIS Shivaji), the Indian Navy's premier technical training institute. On 16 February 1945, the Establishment was commissioned as HMIS Shivaji and since then, the premier Technical Training Establishment of the Indian Navy trains officers.

National Highway 48 (India)
National Highway 48 (NH 48) is a major National Highway of India that starts at Delhi and terminates at Chennai, traversing through seven states of India. It has a total length of 2807 km (1744 miles). NH 48 passes through the states of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The stretch between Pune and Bengaluru was known as P.B. Road in olden days.

Its stretch from Delhi to Mumbai was earlier designated as NH 8, and the stretch between Mumbai and Chennai was designated, NH 4 before all the national highways were renumbered in the year 2010.
Mark Webster (darts player)
Mark Webster (born 12 August 1983) is a Welsh former professional darts player. Nicknamed Webby and the Spider, he competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Webster is a former BDO World Champion, having won the 2008 World Championship. He switched from the BDO to the PDC and became a full-time professional in 2009, having previously been a fully qualified registered plumber. He now works as an analyst and commentator on Sky Sports and ITV.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
To Be Loved (film)
To Be Loved (French: Pour être aimé) is a 1933 French comedy film directed by Jacques Tourneur and starring Pierre Richard-Willm, Suzy Vernon and Colette Darfeuil.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Pierre Schild.

Jacques Tourneur
Jacques Tourneur (/ˈtʊrnər/; French: [tuʁnœʁ]; November 12, 1904 – December 19, 1977) was a French-American filmmaker, active during the Golden Age of Hollywood. He was known as an auteur of stylish and atmospheric genre films, many of them for RKO Pictures, including the supernatural horror films Cat People (1942), I Walked with a Zombie (1943) and The Leopard Man (1943), the war film Days of Glory (1944), which marked Gregory Peck's debut film role, and the film noir Out of the Past (1947). He is also known for directing the British horror film Night of the Demon (1957), which was released by Columbia Pictures as Curse of the Demon.