hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judith McKenzie (archaeologist)
Judith Sheila McKenzie (28 November 1957 – 27 May 2019) was an Australian archaeologist whose work primarily focused on the architecture of the ancient Middle East. At the time of her death, McKenzie was Associate Professor of Late Antique Egypt and the Holy Land at the University of Oxford and Director of the Manar al-Athar project, an open-access image archive of the Middle East. McKenzie was known in particular for her work on the architecture of Petra and Alexandria, having published lengthy monographs on each.

Manar al-Athar
Manar al-Athar is a photo archive based at the Faculty of Classics at the University of Oxford which aims to provide high-quality open-access images of archaeological sites and buildings. The archive's collection focuses on areas of the Roman Empire which later came under Islamic rule, namely the Levant, North Africa, Turkey, Georgia and Armenia. As of June 2022, the archive holds more than 83,000 unique images. Particular strengths include Late antiquity, as well as the transition from paganism to Christianity and later to Islam.

The archive licenses its images under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license; the images can be used for any non-commercial purpose, including in academic publications, and are jointly labelled in English and Arabic to encourage usage by academics and students around the world.
Amory Tower
Amory Tower (previously called The Madison) is a mixed-use skyscraper situated south of Wood Wharf and east of South Quay Plaza on the Isle of Dogs in London, England.

The building was designed by British architecture firm Make Architects. Standing at 182 metres (597 ft), as of September 2025 it is the 21st-tallest building in the United Kingdom.

In 2022 the tower won the Best Residential Tall Building at the 2022 Tall Building Awards.

Make Architects
Make Architects is an international architecture practice headquartered in London that also has offices in offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai. Founded in 2004 by former Foster + Partners architect Ken Shuttleworth. The practice has a variety of projects including high-rise office buildings, large mixed-use schemes, urban masterplanning, sports and leisure, private and social housing, civic and education buildings, and interior design. The company is employee-owned and refers to its partners as "makers".
Listed buildings in Brown Edge
Brown Edge is a civil parish in the district of Staffordshire Moorlands, Staffordshire, England. It contains six listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".   The parish contains the village of Brown Edge and the surrounding area.  The listed buildings consist of three farmhouses, a former watermill, a church, and a coach house.

Brown Edge
Brown Edge is a village and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of Staffordshire, England.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,406, increasing to 2,486 at the 2011 census.  The village is on the fringe of The Potteries Urban Area, and is about 5 miles north-east of Hanley in Stoke-on-Trent & operate an annual barn dance in which the local males look for an eligible partner.
Munising, Marquette and Southeastern Railway
The Munising, Marquette and Southeastern Railway (reporting mark MM&SE) was a short-line railroad that operated from 1911 until 1923 in the central Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan.  At its height, the railroad operated 140.4 miles (226.0 km) of track, which was used to help the timber operations then active in northern Michigan. It was controlled by Cleveland-Cliffs, an iron ore and timber extraction conglomerate, and its successor-in-interest is the Lake Superior and Ishpeming, a railroad that continues to operate as of 2024.

Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad
The Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad (reporting mark LSI), is a Class III railroad U.S. railroad offering service from Marquette, Michigan, to nearby locations in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It began operations in 1896. The LS&I continues to operate as an independent railroad from its headquarters in Marquette.

At the end of 1970, LS&I operated 117 miles of road on 241 miles of track (188 on 388 km); that year it reported 43 million ton-miles (63 million tkm) of freight. In 2011, LS&I had been reduced to 25 miles (40 km) of track.
Tennin (era)
Tennin (天仁) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year name") after Kajō and before Ten'ei.  This period spanned the years from August 1108 through July 1110.  The reigning emperor was Toba-tennō (鳥羽天皇).

Emperor Toba
Emperor Toba (鳥羽天皇, Toba-tennō; February 24, 1103 – July 20, 1156) was the 74th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Toba's reign spanned the years from 1107 through 1123.
Star Trap
Star Trap is a 1988 British television film with a screenplay written by Tony Bicât that was commissioned for London Weekend Television. Also directed by Bicât, the film was made over a period of six weeks; mainly in the Cotswolds. The final climax of the film, set during a production of Shakespeare's Richard III, was filmed inside the Cochrane Theatre in London which was made to resemble the Stratford Memorial Theatre for the film.

Star Trap is a detective story featuring two rivals investigating murder that involves the occult. The film stars Daniel Flynn as the Detective, Nicky Henson as Adam Blunt, Philip Sayer as Basil Underwood, Jeananne Crowley as Lady Diana Fortesque, John Pennington as Sir John Fortesque, Frances Tomelty as Hermione Bradstreet, Lucy Benjamin as Nancy, Hugh Simon as Cradock, Allan Surtees as Dr. Gregson, Sandra Yue as the Old Woman, Bryan Matheson as the Judge, Arthur Blake as Jim and Sharon Holm as Sue.

Arthur Blake (English actor)
Arthur Blake (7 November 1929,  Washington, Tyne and Wear – 27 November 2001, Kensington, London, England) was an English actor who appeared in British television and film from the 1950s through the 1990s.
Thomas D. Brock
Thomas Dale Brock (September 10, 1926 – April 4, 2021) was an American microbiologist known for his discovery of hyperthermophiles living in hot springs at Yellowstone National Park. In the late 1960s, Brock discovered high-temperature bacteria living in the Great Fountain region of Yellowstone, and with his colleague Hudson Freeze, they isolated a sample which they named Thermus aquaticus.

"Life at High Temperatures", a 1967 article summarizing his research, was published in the journal Science and led to the study of extremophiles, organisms that live in extreme environments.  By 1976, T. aquaticus was found useful for artificially amplifying DNA segments.  Brock's discoveries led to great progress in biology, contributed to new developments in medicine and agriculture, and helped create the new field of biotechnology.

Thermus aquaticus
Thermus aquaticus (Latin for "hot water") is a species of bacteria that can tolerate high temperatures, one of several thermophilic bacteria that belong to the Deinococcota phylum. It is the source of the heat-resistant enzyme Taq DNA polymerase, one of the most important enzymes in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification technique.
Tom Croydon
Thomas Arthur "Tom" Croydon is a fictional character in the long-running Australian police drama Blue Heelers, portrayed by John Wood. A long-serving member of the police force, Tom has decades of experience of being a police officer in a small country town, and an attitude which earns him the respect, trust and even affection of his subordinates. As the most senior officer in the country town of Mount Thomas, he frequently acts as a mentor and father figure to the junior members of the station, but eventually a series of personal tragedies put him into a downward spiral which threatens both his personal and professional lives. He is one of two characters, along with Chris Riley, to appear in all thirteen seasons of the show, and is the only character to appear in all 510 episodes to air.

Debra Lawrance
Debra Lawrance (born 1 January 1957) is an Australian actress. She is best known for her role on Home and Away, as Pippa Ross, which she played from 1990 to 1998 and in a number of subsequent return appearances, the most recent being in 2009.

Lawrance is also known for her role as Rose in Please Like Me, for which she won an AACTA Award for Best Performance in a Television Comedy and a Logie Award for Most Outstanding Supporting Actress.
Dava Sobel
Dava Sobel (born June 15, 1947) is an American writer of popular expositions of scientific topics. Her books include Longitude, about English clockmaker John Harrison; Galileo's Daughter, about Galileo's daughter Maria Celeste; and The Glass Universe: How the Ladies of the Harvard Observatory Took the Measure of the Stars about the Harvard Computers.

Maria Celeste
Sister Maria Celeste (born Virginia Gamba; 16 August 1600 – 2 April 1634) was an Italian nun. She was the illegitimate daughter of the scientist Galileo Galilei and Marina Gamba. After Galileo's death, 124 letters from Maria Celeste written between 1623 and 1633 were discovered among his papers. Galileo's responses to his daughter have been lost. Maria Celeste's letters have been published.
George and Alfred
"George and Alfred" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse and a Mr. Mulliner story. It was published in Playboy magazine in the US in January 1967. The story was also included in the 1966 collection Plum Pie.

An earlier version of the story featured Reggie Pepper and was published as "Rallying Round Old George" in The Strand Magazine in December 1912. An American edition of this story was published in Collier's Weekly on 27 September 1913, titled "Brother Alfred".

In "George and Alfred", Mr. Mulliner goes to Monte Carlo, along with his nephew George, who gets into trouble after getting drunk. To help George, Mr. Mulliner comes up with an idea that takes advantage of the fact that George has a twin brother, Alfred.

Reggie Pepper
Reginald "Reggie" Pepper is a fictional character who appears in seven short stories by English author P. G. Wodehouse. Reggie is a young man-about-town who gets drawn into trouble trying to help his pals. He is considered to be an early prototype for Bertie Wooster, who, along with his valet Jeeves, is one of Wodehouse's most famous creations.

The Reggie Pepper stories were originally published in magazines. Four were included in My Man Jeeves (1919), and the other stories appeared in later miscellaneous collections. The stories were not all collected in one short story collection until they were featured, along with several early Jeeves stories, in the 1997 collection Enter Jeeves.

Two of the four Reggie Pepper stories published in My Man, Jeeves were later rewritten by Wodehouse as Jeeves stories, and one was rewritten as a Mr. Mulliner story.
Leonard Part 6
Leonard Part 6 (also known as Leonard Part VI) is a 1987 American spy parody film. It was directed by Paul Weiland and starred Bill Cosby, who also produced the film and wrote its story. The film also starred Gloria Foster as the villain Medusa Johnson and Joe Don Baker. The film was shot in the San Francisco Bay Area.

The film received universally negative reviews from critics and has often been considered to be one of the worst films ever made. It earned several Golden Raspberry Awards; Cosby himself denounced and disowned it in the press in the weeks leading up to its release. It was also a box-office bomb, earning just over $4.6 million on a $24 million budget.

In spite of the film's negative press and commercial failure, its closing track "Without You" (performed by Peabo Bryson and Regina Belle) became a chart success, peaking at #8 on the Adult Contemporary chart, #14 on the US R&B chart, and #89 on the US Billboard Hot 100 the following year.

Peabo Bryson
Robert Peapo "Peabo" Bryson (/ˈpiːboʊ/ PEE-boh; born April 13, 1951) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for singing soul ballads (often as a duet with female singers) including the hit singles "Tonight, I Celebrate My Love", "You're Looking Like Love To Me" and "As Long As There's Christmas" with Roberta Flack, "A Whole New World" with Regina Belle, and "Beauty and the Beast" with Canadian singer Celine Dion, the latter two being contributions to Disney animated feature soundtracks. Bryson is a winner of two Grammy Awards.
Tremaine Edmunds
Fe'Zahn Tremaine Edmunds (born May 2, 1998) is an American professional football linebacker for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies and was selected by the Buffalo Bills in the first round of the 2018 NFL draft.

Ringgold, Virginia
Ringgold is an unincorporated community in Pittsylvania County in the U.S. state of Virginia with a postal zip code 24586. The local high school is Dan River High School.

The community was named after Maj. Samuel Ringgold, a hero of the Battle of Palo Alto in the U.S.-Mexican War.

Ringgold lies twenty minutes' drive away from Danville, Virginia. Southern Ringgold touches the southern border of Virginia and North Carolina.
Boguszyny
Boguszyny [bɔɡuˈʂɨnɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pełczyce, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Pełczyce, 10 km (6 mi) south of Choszczno, and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Pełczyce
Gmina Pełczyce is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Pełczyce, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Choszczno and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 200.81 square kilometres (77.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,100 (out of which the population of Pełczyce amounts to 2,698, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,402).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Barlinek-Gorzów Landscape Park.
Komische Oper Berlin
The Komische Oper Berlin is a German opera company based in Berlin. The company produces operas, operettas and musicals.

The opera house is located on Behrenstraße, near Unter den Linden. Since 2004, the Komische Oper Berlin, along with the Berlin State Opera, the Deutsche Oper Berlin, the Berlin State Ballet, and the Bühnenservice Berlin (Stage and Costume Design), has been a member of the Berlin Opera Foundation.

Kurt Masur
Kurt Masur (German pronunciation: [ˈkʊʁt maˈzuːɐ̯]; 18 July 1927 – 19 December 2015) was a German conductor. Called "one of the last old-style maestros", he directed many of the principal orchestras of his era. He had a long career as the Kapellmeister of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, and also served as music director of the New York Philharmonic for about ten years. He made many recordings of classical music with major orchestras. Masur is also remembered for his actions to support peaceful demonstrations against the East German government in the 1989 demonstrations in Leipzig; those protests were part of the events leading up to the fall of the Berlin wall.
Freak of Nature (band)
Freak of Nature was an American hard rock band formed in 1992 by former White Lion co-founder/vocalist, Danish singer Mike Tramp. The band was formed after White Lion broke up and the follow-up was significantly darker and harder than White Lion. The band released three albums and then disbanded in 1996. Following Freak of Nature, Mike Tramp released several solo albums and also reformed White Lion with a new lineup.

Mike Tramp
Michael Trempenau (born 14 January 1961), better known as Mike Tramp, is a Danish singer, best known for his work with the glam metal band White Lion. In 1996, he launched his solo career, interrupted from 2004 to 2009 when he briefly reformed White Lion. Since then, he has regularly released solo albums and toured extensively. Since 2023, he has released "Songs of White Lion" albums and toured as Mike Tramp's White Lion with guitarist Marcus Nand and band. Danish solo albums have also been released since 2022.
Ronnie Shelton
Ronald Shelton  (October 1, 1961 – September 25, 2018), better known as The West Side Rapist, was an American convicted serial rapist. He was convicted of raping over 30 women in Cleveland, Ohio, from 1983 to 1988. He may have raped up to 50 women. Shelton was caught on video using an ATM with his victims' bank cards.

He was the subject of the book Unfinished Murder: The Pursuit of a Serial Rapist by James Neff.

James Neff
James Neff is an American non-fiction author and investigative journalist.  He is a managing editor for the Oregon Journalism Project. His most recent work Vendetta:  Bobby Kennedy versus Jimmy Hoffa, was published by Little, Brown and Company in July 2015.
1971 Spanish Grand Prix
The 1971 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Montjuïc circuit on April 18, 1971. It was race 2 of 11 in both the 1971 World Championship of Drivers and the 1971 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 75-lap race was won by Tyrrell driver Jackie Stewart after he started from fourth position. Jacky Ickx finished second for the Ferrari team and Matra driver Chris Amon came in third.

This was notably the first Formula One race in which slick tyres were used. The tyres were introduced by Firestone, based on its experience in American open wheel racing series. The race itself was held in the morning.

Racing slick
A racing slick or slick tyre is a type of tyre that has a smooth tread used mostly in auto racing. The first production slick tyre was developed by M&H Tires in the early 1950s for use in drag racing. By eliminating any grooves cut into the tread, such tyres provide the largest possible contact patch to the road, and maximize dry traction for any given tyre dimension. Slick tyres are used on race tracks and in road racing, where acceleration, steering and braking require maximum traction from each wheel. Slick tyres are typically used on only the driven (powered) wheels in drag racing, where the only concern is maximum traction to put power to the ground, and are not used in rallying.

Slick tyres are not suitable for use on common road vehicles, which must be able to operate in all weather conditions. They are used in auto racing where competitors can choose different tyres based on the weather conditions and can often change tyres during a race.
Brian Boitano
Brian Anthony Boitano (born October 22, 1963) is an American figure skater from Sunnyvale, California. He is the 1988 Olympic champion, the 1986 and 1988 World Champion, and the 1985–1988 U.S. National Champion.

Boitano turned professional following the 1988 season. Under new rules by the ISU, he returned to competition in 1993 and competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics, where he placed sixth. In 1996, he was inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame and the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame.

Carmen on Ice
Carmen on Ice is a 1990 dance film with a choreography for figure skaters made in Germany. The music is based on the opera Carmen by Georges Bizet in an orchestral version arranged especially for this film. In contrast to figure skating movies of former times, Carmen on Ice is a film without spoken dialogue, which is an innovation in the history of figure skating.
Vickers 10-inch 45-calibre naval gun
The  Vickers 10 inch naval gun was used on battleships and armoured cruisers built during the first decade of the 20th century. They were used as the Type 41 10-inch /45-caliber aboard the British-built semi-dreadnought Katori-class battleships and the natively-built Satsuma-class battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Satsuma-class battleship
The Satsuma class (薩摩型戦艦, Satsuma-gata senkan) was a pair of semi-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the first decade of the 20th century. They were the first battleships to be built in Japan and marked a transitional stage between the pre-dreadnought and true dreadnought designs. They saw no combat during World War I, although Satsuma led a squadron that occupied several German colonies in the Pacific Ocean in 1914. Both ships were disarmed and expended as targets in 1922–1924 in accordance with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.
STDU Viewer
STDU Viewer is computer software, a compact viewer for many computer file formats: Portable Document Format (PDF), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), DjVu, comic book archive (CBR or CBZ), FB2, ePUB, XML Paper Specification (XPS), Text Compression for Reader (TCR), Mobipocket (MOBI), AZW, multi-page TIFF, text file (TXT), PalmDoc (PDB), Windows Metafile (EMF), Windows Metafile (WMF), bitmap (BMP), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), JPEG-JPG, Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Photoshop Document (PSD), PiCture eXchange (PCX-DCX). It works under Microsoft Windows, and is free for non-commercial use.

STDU viewer is developed in the programming language C++.

Comic book archive
A comic book archive or comic book reader file (also called sequential image file) is a type of archive file for the purpose of sequential viewing of images, commonly for comic books. The idea was made popular by the CDisplay sequential image viewer; since then, many viewers for different platforms have been created.
Darul Ihsan University
Darul Ihsan University (Bengali: দারুল ইহসান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) or DIU was a private university in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was founded by Syed Ali Ashraf in 1989. The government of Bangladesh accredited it as a private university in 1993. The Education Ministry shut down the university on 26 July 2016 for illegally operating numerous branch campuses and for selling higher degree certificates.

Syed Ali Ashraf
Syed Ali Ashraf (30 January 1924 – 7 August 1998) was a Bangladeshi-born Islamic scholar and academic. He was the Professor of English and Head of the Department of English, Karachi University, and later became Director-General, World Centre for Islamic Education at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 1980. He was also the founder and director-general of Islamic Academy, Cambridge. He was also the founder vice-chancellor of Darul Ihsan University from its founding to before his death in 1998 in Bangladesh.
Archdeacon Newton
Archdeacon Newton is a hamlet and rural parish of several farms in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of County Durham, in England. The population taken at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are maintained in the parish of Walworth. It is associated with an abandoned village site under pasture and farm buildings, and situated a short distance to the north-west of Darlington. The lost settlement was in existence by the early 15th century, and remained inhabited at least until the 1890s. There was a moated manor house at the southern end, part of which remains as the Old Hall, now a barn. At the north end of the site was the chapel, and in the middle were tofts and enclosures, with a ridge and furrow field and a trackway leading to the south-east. The site of the abandoned village is now a scheduled monument and the Old Hall is a listed building.

Cockerton
Cockerton is an area in the north-west of Darlington in the borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. The Cocker Beck flows through the area and empties into the River Skerne via The Denes, an area and string of valleyed parks donated for the town in the early 20th century. It is also near Mowden, Branksome, West Park and Faverdale.