hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kabul Expedition (1842)
The Kabul Expedition was a punitive campaign undertaken by the British against the Afghans following the disastrous retreat from Kabul. Two British and East India Company armies forced through the Khyber Pass and advanced on the Afghan capital from Kandahar and Jalalabad to avenge the complete annihilation of the British-Indian military-civilian column in January 1842.

The British force defeated the Afghans twice in battle following which they were able to recover prisoners captured during the retreat. The British demolished parts of Kabul before withdrawing to India, concluding the First Anglo-Afghan War.

Punitive expedition
A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong behavior by miscreants, as revenge or corrective action, or to apply strong diplomatic pressure without a formal declaration of war (e.g. surgical strike). In the 19th century, punitive expeditions were used more commonly as pretexts for colonial adventures that resulted in annexations, regime changes or changes in policies of the affected state to favour one or more colonial powers.

Stowell (1921) provides the following definition:

When the territorial sovereign is too weak or is unwilling to enforce respect for international law, a state which is wronged may find it necessary to invade the territory and to chastise the individuals who violate its rights and threaten its security.
47th United States Congress
The 47th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1881, to March 4, 1883, during the six months of James Garfield's presidency, and the first year and a half of Chester Arthur's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. The House had a Republican majority; the Senate was evenly divided for the first time ever, with no vice president to break ties for most of this term.

Henry J. Spooner
Henry Joshua Spooner (August 6, 1839 – February 9, 1918) was a United States representative from Rhode Island.

Born in Providence, Rhode Island, Spooner attended the common schools and graduated from Brown University in 1860. During his undergraduate career Spooner became a member of Theta Delta Chi. After graduation, he studied law before entering the Union Army in 1862 as second lieutenant in the Fourth Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry. He served in the Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James, mostly in the XVIII Corps.
Van Alstyne Independent School District
The Van Alstyne Independent School District is a public school district in Grayson County, Texas, United States, based in Van Alstyne. The district extends into portions of northern Collin County.

In the 2018-2019 school year, the school district received an A rating (97 out of 100) from the Texas Education Agency.

Van Alstyne, Texas
Van Alstyne is a small, affluent, and rapidly growing city in Grayson and Collin Counties in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 3,046 at the 2010 census, up from 2,502 at the 2000 census. As of the 2020 United States census, the population grew to 4,369 people. 2023 estimates place the resident count at 5,378. The city’s population in 2026 is now 8,598. The Grayson County portion of Van Alstyne is part of the Sherman–Denison Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mylove
Mylove (Ukrainian: Милове, pronounced [ˈmɪlowe]; Russian: Мыловое) is a village in Beryslav Raion, within Kherson Oblast, Ukraine. It was established in 1781. Mylove hosts the administration of Mylove rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Beryslav Raion
Beryslav Raion (Ukrainian: Бериславський район, romanized: Beryslavs'kyi raion) is one of the five administrative raions (a district) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Beryslav. Its population was 55,976 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population: 94,103 (2022 estimate).

The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,931 (2020 est.). However, on 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kherson Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Beryslav Raion was significantly expanded. Three raions (Novovorontsovka, Velyka Oleksandrivka, and Vysokopillia Raions) were abolished and their territories were merged into an enlarged Beryslav Raion.
Margaret Carpenter
Margaret Mary Carpenter (born (1950-08-03)August 3, 1950 in Detroit, Michigan) was a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from the fifty-second district (Madison, Haywood, Graham, Swain, and part of Jackson counties) for one term (2001–2002). Carpenter, a resident of Waynesville, North Carolina, defeated Haywood County Commissioner and former Hazelwood Mayor, Mary Ann Enloe, by a narrow margin in 2000.

Carpenter was defeated by Mars Hill Mayor Ray Rapp for the newly drawn 118th district (Haywood, Madison, and Yancey counties) in 2002.

She is the daughter-in law of former State Senator Bob Carpenter of Macon County.

2002 North Carolina House of Representatives election
The North Carolina House of Representatives election of 2002 were held on November 5, 2002, as part of the biennial election to the General Assembly.  All 120 seats in the North Carolina House of Representatives were elected.

Initially, Republicans flipped control of the chamber with a 61-59 majority. However, Republican Michael P. Decker switched parties, and tied the chamber at 60-60 until the next election, when he ran as a Republican again.
Taaborinvuori
Taaborinvuori (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈtɑːborinˌʋuo̯ri]) is a museum area in the Palojoki village in Nurmijärvi, Finland. The museum area consists of buildings imported from all over Nurmijärvi, whose exhibitions tell about everyday life in Nurmijärvi at the beginning of the 20th century. It was founded at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s.

Taaborinvuori belonged to the childhood landscapes of the Finnish author Aleksis Kivi, and he also named it after Mount Tabor in Israel, familiar from biblical accounts. Kivi's birthplace is located next to Taaborinvuori hill. The Kivi festival (Kivi-juhlat), which has performed the production of Aleksis Kivi since 1952, takes place every summer at the outdoor theatre of Taaborinvuori. The theater is also used by other event organizers, such as the Taabori Summer Theater (Taaborin Kesäteatteri), which is directed by director, screenwriter and author Taavi Vartia. The auditorium has a capacity of 700 people and most of the auditorium is covered.

Taavi Vartia
Taavi Vartia (born 9 November 1965, in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish film director, script writer and writer. Taavi Vartia has since 1990 planned, directed and produced programmes for all of Finland's national television channels: YLE TV1, YLE TV2, MTV3 and Nelonen, across a range of genres including drama, entertainment, music, profiles and documentaries. He has been involved in the production of over 1100 episodes. Vartia has also written and directed several company- and image videos for Finnish companies. In recent years he has received recognition as a writer of young adult dramas and as a documentary film maker. Vartia has published four novels. Vartia founded Taaborin kesäteatteri/ Taabori Summer Theater in Nurmijärvi 2009 and started to run the movie theatre Kino Juha 2019.
Yevgeny Poddubny
Yevgeny Yevgenyevich Poddubny (Russian: Евгений Евгеньевич Поддубный; born August 22, 1983) is a Russian war correspondent,  and special correspondent for the Russia-24 and Russia-1 television channels, commonly described as Russian propagandist. He was born in Belgorod, and received a master's degree in psychology and has worked as a war correspondent for Russian state television. He has covered Russian conflicts in Georgia, Syria, as well as in Ukraine. For his work, he has received sanctions by both the United Kingdom, and Australia who accuse him of disinformation and propaganda on behalf of the Russian government. In August 2024, he received injuries after his vehicle was struck with a loitering munition while covering the August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion.

Propaganda in Russia
The propaganda of the Russian Federation promotes views, perceptions or agendas of the government. The media include state-run outlets and online technologies, and may involve using "Soviet-style 'active measures' as an element of modern Russian 'political warfare'". Notably, contemporary Russian propaganda  promotes the cult of personality of Vladimir Putin and positive views of Soviet history. Russia has established a number of organizations, such as the Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia's Interests (active 2009-2012), the Russian web brigades, and others that engage in political propaganda to promote the views of the Russian government.
Seán Armstrong
Seán Armstrong (born 20 March 1986) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer from Galway. Armstrong played his club football with Salthill–Knocknacarra and inter-county football for Galway from 2005 to 2014, spending ten years as an inter-county footballer.

Salthill–Knocknacarra GAA
Salthill–Knocknacarra (Irish: Bóthar na Trá–Cnoc na Cathrach) is a Gaelic games club based in the city of Galway in the west of Ireland. It is a member of the Galway GAA branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association. Centred on the parishes of Salthill and Knocknacarra in Galway city, the club fields teams in four codes: Gaelic football, hurling, Ladies' football and camogie.
Arkansas Highway 160
Highway 160 (AR 160, Ark. 160, and Hwy. 160) is a designation for four state highways in South Arkansas. The northernmost segment of 51.55 miles (82.96 km) runs from Farm to Market Road 249 at the Texas state line near Bloomburg, Texas east to Highway 19 at Macedonia. A second segment of 14.73 miles (23.71 km) runs east from Highway 57 east to Highway 7 Business in Smackover. In southern Calhoun County, Highway 160 begins at US Route 278 (US 278) and runs east to US 425 in Fountain Hill. A fourth segment begins at US 82 at Mater and runs 22.73 miles (36.58 km) east to US 65 at Chicot Junction.

Calhoun County, Arkansas
Calhoun County is a county located in the south central part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,739, making it the least populous county in Arkansas. The county seat is Hampton. Calhoun County is Arkansas's 55th county, formed on December 6, 1850, and named for John C. Calhoun, a Vice President of the United States.

The county is part of the Camden, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Burnley Embankment
The Burnley Embankment is an embankment carrying the Leeds and Liverpool Canal across the Calder and Brun valleys in Burnley, Lancashire. Also known as the Straight Mile, the embankment is 1,256 yards (0.714 mi; 1.148 km) long and the canal runs up to 60 feet (18 m) above the valley floor. The structure was chosen as one of the original Seven Wonders of the Waterways, and has been awarded a Red Wheel by the Transport Trust.

Seven Wonders of the Waterways
The Seven Wonders of the Waterways is a list of landmarks on the navigable waterways of the United Kingdom. The list was originally compiled in 1946 by Robert Aickman, co-founder of the Inland Waterways Association (IWA), at a time when the waterways network was largely derelict. Today, the Canal & River Trust—formerly British Waterways—has jurisdiction over (and responsibility for) all of the sites except for the Barton Swing Aqueduct, which is owned and operated by the Bridgewater Canal Company.
Steal the Sky (soundtrack)
Steal the Sky is the soundtrack album for the HBO movie Steal the Sky, composed and performed by Yanni. It was released on the Rhino Entertainment label in 1999. The album peaked at #17 on Billboard's "Top New Age Albums" chart in the same year.

Steal the Sky
Steal the Sky is a 1988 HBO movie directed by John D. Hancock and starring Mariel Hemingway and Ben Cross. The film is based on the true story of an Iraqi Assyrian fighter pilot Munir Redfa, who defected by flying a MiG-21 fighter jet to Israel in 1966. Steal the Sky was the first production under the HBO-Paramount co-financing agreement launched in 1987.

The 1986 story of a female agent of the Israeli Mossad involved in the defection of an Iraqi Israeli nuclear scientist may have also been instrumental in gaining attention for the film. The soundtrack was composed and performed by New age artist Yanni.
Ally Brooke
Allyson Brooke Bracey (née Hernandez; born July 7, 1993) is an American singer. She was a member of the girl group Fifth Harmony from 2012 to 2018. In 2017, Brooke was featured alongside rapper ASAP Ferg on the single "Look at Us Now" by Lost Kings. Afterwards, she released "Perfect" with DJ Topic. Following Fifth Harmony's indefinite hiatus, Brooke signed a record deal with Atlantic, and collaborated on the single "Vámonos", with Kris Kross Amsterdam and Messiah.

Her major label debut single "Low Key" featuring Tyga, was released in January 2019. Brooke competed in season 28 of Dancing with the Stars, placing third alongside her partner Sasha Farber. Her book Finding Your Harmony was released in 2020.

Sasha Farber
Aleksandr Mikhailovich "Sasha" Farber (born 9 May 1984) is an Australian and American professional dancer and choreographer. He is best known for his appearances on the reality competition series Dancing with the Stars.
Microdot (car)
The Microdot is a concept vehicle by William Towns for a small, economical town car. The car was first shown at the 1976 British International Motor Show and was an evolution of his 1972 Minissima car. The Microdot was a petrol/electric hybrid vehicle with a small 400cc petrol engine powering a 3.5 kW generator and, designed to carry three people side-by-side on short city journeys, with the driver sitting in the central position.

The concept car was eventually purchased by the Heritage Motor Centre.

William Towns
William Towns (1936–1993) also known as Bill Towns, was an English car designer, most known for his designs for Aston Martin, including the 1967 DBS, as well as the futuristic and angular Mk.II Lagonda and Bulldog concept car.
William M. Greathouse
William Marvin Greathouse (April 29, 1919 – March 24, 2011) was a minister and emeritus general superintendent in the Church of the Nazarene. He was born in Van Buren, Arkansas.

Greathouse served as a pastor in the Church of the Nazarene from 1938 until 1963 when he was elected president of Trevecca Nazarene College in Nashville, Tennessee; he served until 1968.  At that time he was elected president of Nazarene Theological Seminary in Kansas City, Missouri.  He served there until 1976, when he was elected General Superintendent of the Church of the Nazarene. He retired from this position in 1989.

He is the namesake of the William M. Greathouse Chair of Wesleyan-Holiness Theology at Nazarene Theological Seminary.

He attended Lambuth College, Trevecca Nazarene College, and Vanderbilt University for doctoral studies.

Nazarene Theological Seminary
Nazarene Theological Seminary (NTS) is a Nazarene seminary in Kansas City, Missouri. The seminary was established by the Eleventh General Assembly in June 1944 and started its first school year in 1945 with 61 students. It moved to its current location in 1950. The seminary offers master's degrees in Divinity, Transformational Leadership, Black Leadership in Ministry, and Theological Studies as well as a Doctor of Ministry degree (D.Min.) and non-degree programs.

For the 2024-2025 academic year, NTS reported a total enrollment of 169 students—67 MDiv students, 24 MA students, and 73 DMin students. NTS enrollment has declined in the last five years, particularly in the master's programs. In the 2019-2020 school year, NTS reported 118 MDiv students, 50 MA students, and 52 DMin students, for a total of 220 students.
Guéhiébly
Guéhiébly (also spelled Guéhiébli) is a town in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Duékoué Department in Guémon Region, Montagnes District.

Guéhiébly was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Guéhiébly was 51,933.

Duékoué Department
Duékoué Department is a department of Guémon Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 420,911 and its seat is the settlement of Duékoué. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bagohouo, Duékoué, Gbapleu, Guéhiébly, and Guézon.
Neuchâtel-Serrières railway station
Neuchâtel-Serrières railway station (French: Gare de Neuchâtel-Serrières) is a railway station in the municipality of Neuchâtel, in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Jura Foot and Neuchâtel–Pontarlier lines of Swiss Federal Railways.

Funiculaire Suchard in Serrières linked the station with the factory in the Serrières valley below (1892-1955).

Funiculaire Suchard in Serrières
Funiculaire Suchard in Serrières was a funicular railway in Serrières, canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. The line connected the Chocolat Suchard factory in the Serrières valley with the Serrières railway station above. It had a length of 55 m for a difference of elevation of 28 m.

Société du plan incliné de la gare de Serrières was created in April 1890 to build and operate the line. The funicular was completed in 1892 based on plans by Henri Ladame. The company was closed in 1951  and the funicular was closed in 1954. 
Remnants were still visible in 2006. Musée d'Art et d'Histoire of Neuchâtel holds images of the funicular.
Meet the Mormons
Meet the Mormons is a 2014 American documentary film directed by Blair Treu and produced by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The film documents the lives of six devout Mormons living in the United States, Costa Rica, and Nepal. The LDS Church donated all net proceeds from the theatrical release of the film to the American Red Cross.

Blair Treu
Blair Treu is an American film director. He directed Little Secrets and Wish Upon a Star. More recently he has teamed up with Brigham Young University (BYU) professor Stephen F. Duncan, KBYU-TV and BYU TV to create Real Families, Real Answers. He was also a codirector of BYUtv's Granite Flats. He graduated from BYU with a bachelor's degree in theatre in 1985.
Tundzha Glacier
Tundzha Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Тунджа, romanized: lednik Tundzha, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈtund͡ʒɐ]) is a glacier on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated east-southeast of Berkovitsa Glacier, west of Saedinenie Snowfield, northwest of Pimpirev Glacier, north of Kamchiya Glacier, and east-northeast of Verila Glacier. It is bounded by Snow Peak to the west, Teres Ridge to the east and the glacial divide between the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait to the south. The glacier extends 7.5 nautical miles (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) in east-west direction and 2.4 nautical miles (4.4 km; 2.8 mi) in the north-south direction, and drains northwards into Hero Bay between Avitohol Point and Siddins Point.

The feature was named after the Tundzha River in Bulgaria.

Hero Bay
Hero Bay (62°31′S 60°27′W﻿ / ﻿62.517°S 60.450°W﻿ / -62.517; -60.450) is a bay, 17 nautical miles (31 km) wide, which indents for 6 nautical miles (11 km) the northern side of Livingston Island between Cape Shirreff and Williams Point, in the South Shetland Islands. The glaciers Saedinenie Snowfield, Tundzha, Berkovitsa, Medven and Urdoviza feed the bay.

The name "Blythe Bay", originally applied to a small bay on the southeast side of Desolation Island on George Powell's chart of 1822 published by Richard Holmes Laurie, was erroneously transferred to this bay in the 1930s. This error has now been rectified, and a new name approved for the feature here described. Hero Bay is named for the American sloop Hero, under Captain Nathaniel B. Palmer, which was one of the vessels of the Pendleton sealing fleet from Stonington, Connecticut, which visited the South Shetland Islands in 1820–21.
Glen Afton
Glen Afton and Pukemiro are twin settlements in the Waikato District, in northern Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. The nearest town is Huntly, some 14 km (9 mi) away.

The settlements were previously an important coal-mining centre, but only one large and one small open-cast coal mine still operates in the area. There was a mining disaster at Glen Afton on 24 September 1939: 11 men were asphyxiated by carbon monoxide.

The Bush Tramway Club runs the Glen Afton (formerly Pukemiro) Line Heritage Railway, which was formerly the Glen Afton Branch until 1977. The Country Music Club meets at the Bush Tramway Club club rooms.

Glen Afton Branch
The Glen Afton Branch was a branch railway line of 7.9 km (originally 14.1 km) in the Waikato in New Zealand, built to serve coal mines in the Awaroa district west of Huntly at Rotowaro, Pukemiro and Glen Afton. Rotowaro is Māori for "coal lake".

When handed over from Public Works to NZR in 1915 it was called the Awaroa Branch, but was also known as the Glen Afton Branch to about 1974, then as the Rotowaro Branch to 3 November 1988, then as the Rotowaro Industrial Line. By 2014 it was again named the Rotowaro Branch.
Central Fire Station (Brockton, Massachusetts)
The Central Fire Station is a historic fire station on 40 Pleasant Street in Brockton, Massachusetts.  Built in 1884–85, the three-story brick mansard-roofed Second Empire building included several "firsts".  It was the first brick firehouse in the city, and it was the nation's first firehouse to be electrified, receiving its power via an underground cable from a nearby power plant that had been built under the supervision of Thomas Alva Edison.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Station 1 houses 4 fire apparatus, the Deputy Chief's command car, The Rescue, Squad A, and Ladder 1.

Brockton, Massachusetts
Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Its population was 105,643 at the 2020 United States census, and it is a major economic and commercial hub for the southern part of Greater Boston. Along with Plymouth, it is one of the two county seats of the county. It is the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the "City of Champions", due to the success of native boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, as well as its successful Brockton High School sports programs. Two villages within it are Montello and Campello, both of which have MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox of the Frontier League. It is the second-windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of 14.3 mph (23.0 km/h).
Gangapuram, Erode
Gangapuram is a neighbourhood in the city of Erode, Tamil Nadu. Located off the National Highway NH 544, it functioned as a village panchayat until 2011 when it was incorporated into Erode Municipal Corporation.

Erode City Municipal Corporation
Erode City Municipal Corporation is a civic administrative body that governs the City of Erode, India. The Corporation consists of a legislative body, headed by the City Mayor and an executive body headed by the Corporation Commissioner. The Corporation's headquarters is in the Municipal Corporation Building, Erode, near Panneer selvam Park.