hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elwro
Elwro was a Polish company that manufactured mainframe and microcomputers from 1959 until 1989. Its plant was in Wrocław. Computer models included Odra mainframe systems, and the Elwro 800 Junior microcomputer for education.

Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe, maxicomputer, or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later, the term mainframe was used to distinguish high-end commercial computers from less powerful machines.
2012 Grand Prix Hassan II – Doubles
Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tecău are the two times defending champions, but this year they decided not to participate.
Dustin Brown and Paul Hanley won the final by defeating 4th seeded Daniele Bracciali and Fabio Fognini 7–5, 6–3.

Dustin Brown (tennis)
Dustin Brown (born 8 December 1984), nicknamed "Dreddy", is a German-Jamaican former professional tennis player who rose to fame after beating Rafael Nadal at the Halle Open in 2014 and at Wimbledon in 2015. He was known for his technique, speed, and unorthodox playing style, often entertaining the crowd with trick shots.

Brown competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour, in singles and doubles, having won 31 titles overall. He achieved his career-high singles ranking of No. 64 in October 2016 and his career-high doubles ranking of No. 43 in May 2012. Brown is one of only two players who are undefeated against Rafael Nadal after playing more than one match with him (the other being Àlex Corretja), holding a 2–0 head-to-head record.

Brown did not reach an ATP singles final, but made two semifinals at the 2016 Open Sud de France and the 2016 Swiss Open Gstaad. In doubles, he won two titles on the ATP Tour.
William Ellis (actor)
William Henry Ellis is an English actor, voice artist and podcaster known for Great Expectations, Dragon Quest Swords, Queen of the Desert, Parade's End, The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler and EastEnders

Dial M for Murder
Dial M for Murder is a 1954 American crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Ray Milland, Grace Kelly, Robert Cummings, Anthony Dawson, and John Williams. Both the screenplay and the successful stage play on which it was based were written by English playwright Frederick Knott. The play premiered in 1952 on BBC Television, before being performed on stage in the same year in London's West End in June, and then New York's Broadway in October.

Originally intended to be shown in dual-strip polarized 3-D, the film played in most cinemas in ordinary 2-D owing to the loss of interest in the 3-D process (the projection of which was difficult and error-prone) by the time of its release. The film earned an estimated $2.7 million in North American box office sales in 1954.
Atari XG-1 light gun
The Atari XG-1 is an electronic light gun accessory manufactured by Atari Corporation. Released in 1987, it is compatible with the Atari 8-bit computers, Atari 7800, and Atari 2600. It was bundled with the Atari XEGS Deluxe home computer and video game console combination system, and with the light gun game Bug Hunt for the 7800 as model XES2001 for US$34.95 (equivalent to about $100 in 2024). Atari eventually released five light gun games on the 7800 (Alien Brigade, Barnyard Blaster, Crossbow, Meltdown, and Sentinel) and one on the 2600 (Sentinel).

Alien Brigade
Alien Brigade is a 1990 rail shooter video game developed and published by Atari Corporation for the Atari 7800. Similar in style to Operation Wolf, Alien Brigade tells the story of a soldier battling with alien invaders that take over the bodies of fallen soldiers.

Despite being released late in the Atari 7800's life cycle, Atari Corporation made more efforts to market the game than it had with other Atari 7800 titles. The game was referenced in Atari's 1990 shooter, Planet Smashers (Alien Brigade would return the favor by advertising Planet Smashers).
Neil McBride
Neil McBride (13 April 1910 – 9 September 1974) was a British Labour Party politician.

He was Member of Parliament for Swansea East from a by-election in 1963 until his death, aged 64, shortly before the October 1974 general election.  He was a government whip from 1966 to 1970.

1963 Swansea East by-election
The 1963 Swansea East by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Swansea East on 28 March 1963.

The seat had become vacant when the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) David Mort had died on 1 January 1963, aged 74.  He had held the seat since being elected unopposed at a by-election in 1940.

The Labour candidate, Neil McBride, held the seat for his party.
Wissinoming, Philadelphia
Wissinoming is a neighborhood in the Near Northeast section of Philadelphia, United States. It was the site of locomotive builder Matthias Baldwin's estate "Wissinoming", which was located near Tacony and Van Kirk Streets. The current Wissinoming is bordered by Mayfair on the west and Tacony on the north, Bridesburg on the south (below Bridge Street), I-95 and the Delaware River on the east, and Frankford on the southwest (below Bridge Street). Wissinoming has two ZIP codes: 19124 and 19135. Physical boundaries are: Levick Street on the north, Bridge Street on the south, I-95 and the Delaware River on the east, and Frankford Avenue on the west.

Wissinoming Creek, buried in the 1930s, drained a watershed through Wissinoming that included the main stream and another tributary, Little Wissinoming Creek. The name derives its name from a Lenni Lenape term meaning “where the grapes grow”.

Cheltenham Avenue
Cheltenham Avenue is a major east-west road in Philadelphia and its suburbs. It is served by SEPTA bus routes, trolleys, regional rail, and subway. Cheltenham Avenue is an unsigned quadrant route in Montgomery County. It serves as the border between Springfield and Cheltenham townships. A section of the road along the Philadelphia border with Cheltenham Township is part of PA Route 309.
Ödön Beniczky
Ödön Beniczky de Benice et Micsinye (12 February 1878 – 20 January 1931) was a Hungarian legitimist politician, who served as Interior Minister between 1919 and 1920. He was a resolute adversary of Governor Miklós Horthy. He supported the king Charles IV in the king's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary. That is why Beniczky was arrested for a short time. He published his statement before the military public prosecutor's department in his newspaper ("Az Újság") about the White Terror. He was sentenced to two years in prison for insulting Horthy. Beniczky's case was a huge scandal in Hungary, but the legitimists didn't use these happenings against the governor.

Following his release, Beniczky failed as representative candidate. He committed suicide in 1931.

Charles IV of Hungary's attempts to retake the throne
After Miklós Horthy was chosen Regent of Hungary on  1 March 1920, Charles I of Austria, who had reigned in Hungary as Charles IV, made two unsuccessful attempts to retake the throne. His attempts are also called the "First" and "Second Royal coups d'état" (Hungarian: első és második királypuccs) respectively.
Barbara Byrd-Bennett
Barbara Louise Byrd–Bennett (born July 27, 1949) is an American educator, education administrator, former school superintendent and convicted felon. Byrd-Bennett is the former chief executive officer of the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and the Cleveland Municipal School District. She was CEO of the Cleveland schools from 1998 to 2006. From 2009 to 2011, she was the academic and accountability officer for the Detroit Public Schools system. She was hired as the chief education advisor for CPS in April 2012 and then named CEO by Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel six months later.

She resigned from CPS in 2015 amid a bribery investigation, which led to her pleading guilty to multiple charges. In 2017, Byrd-Bennett was sentenced to 4 1/2 years at Federal Prison Camp, Alderson in West Virginia. She was released from prison and placed on home confinement in May 2020.

Chicago Public Schools
Chicago Public Schools (CPS; administratively referred to by the state of Illinois as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons) is a public school district in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States.

It is the fourth-largest school district in the United States (after New York, Los Angeles, and Miami-Dade County). CPS students attend a particular school based on their area of residence, except for charter, magnet, and selective enrollment schools.

As of 2023, CPS has 634 schools, including 477 elementary schools and 157 high schools; of which 514 were district-run, 111 were charter schools, 7 were contract schools, and 2 were SAFE schools.

CPS is led by a chief executive officer, an alternative title for the position of superintendent in most other public school systems.
Freedom (Michael W. Smith album)
Freedom is Michael W. Smith's fifteenth album. It was released in 2000 on Reunion Records, and is his first full-length album consisting of only instrumentals. A promotional live EP, The Acoustic Set - A Live Recording, was available as a pre-order bonus.

Michael W. Smith
Michael Whitaker Smith (born October 7, 1957) is an American musician who has charted in both contemporary Christian and mainstream charts. His biggest success in mainstream music was in 1991 when "Place in This World" hit No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100. Over the course of his career, he has sold more than 18 million albums.

Smith is a three-time Grammy Award winner, an American Music Award recipient, and has earned 45 Dove Awards. In 1999, ASCAP awarded him with the "Golden Note" Award for lifetime achievement in songwriting, and in 2014 they honored him as the "cornerstone of Christian music" for his significant influence on the genre. He also has recorded 31 No. 1 Hit songs, fourteen gold albums, and five platinum albums. He has also starred in two films and published 14 books including This Is Your Time, which he worked with Christian author Gary Thomas to write.
Midaq Alley (novel)
Midaq Alley (Arabic: زقاق المدق, romanized: Zuqāq al-Midaqq) is a 1947 novel by Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz, first published in English in 1966. The story is about Midaq Alley in Khan el-Khalili, a teeming back street in Cairo which is presented as a microcosm of the world.

Khan el-Khalili
Khan el-Khalili (Arabic: خان الخليلي) is a famous bazaar in the historic center of Cairo, Egypt. Established as a center of trade in the Mamluk era and named for one of its several historic caravanserais, the bazaar district has since become one of Cairo's main attractions for tourists and Egyptians alike. It is also home to many Egyptian artisans and workshops involved in the production of traditional crafts and souvenirs. The name Khan el-Khalili historically referred to a single building in the area; today it refers to the entire shopping district.
Izu Province
Izu Province (伊豆国, Izu no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [i.(d)zɯ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area now part of Shizuoka Prefecture and Tokyo.  Izu bordered on Sagami and Suruga Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Zushū (豆州).

The mainland portion of Izu Province, comprising the Izu Peninsula, is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture and the Izu Islands are now part of Tokyo.

Kamo District, Shizuoka
Kamo District (賀茂郡, Kamo-gun) is a rural district located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of July 2012, the district has an estimated population of 47,001 and a population density of 97.9 persons per km2. The total area was 479.97 km2.
Hawke's Bay wine region
The Hawke's Bay wine region is New Zealand's oldest and second-largest wine-production region, on the east coast of the North Island. Production reached 41,000 tonnes in 2018 from 4,681 hectares (11,570 acres) of planted vines, representing 10.2% of total national production. Some of the oldest wineries still operating in New Zealand, including Te Mata Estate, Church Road, and Mission Estate, were established in the Hawke's Bay area in the late 19th century. Despite this, it was only established as a geographical indication (GI) in 2018. The GI protects any wine produced within the boundaries of the entire Hawke's Bay Region, but in practice the vineyards are chiefly concentrated in the plains and low hills surrounding the cities of Napier and Hastings.

Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bay (Māori: Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The region is named after Hawke Bay, which was named in honour of Edward Hawke. The region's main centres are the cities of Napier and Hastings, while the more rural parts of the region are served by the towns of Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Wairoa.
2018 Australian Open – Girls' doubles
Liang En-shuo and Wang Xinyu won the girls' doubles tennis title at the 2018 Australian Open, defeating Violet Apisah and Lulu Sun in the final, 7–6(7–4), 4–6, [10–5].

Bianca Andreescu and Carson Branstine were the defending champions, but both players chose not to participate.

Lulu Sun
Lulu Sun (Chinese: 孙璐璐; pinyin: Sūn Lùlù, née Lulu Radovcic; born 14 April 2001) is a New Zealand professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 39 by the WTA, achieved on 9 September 2024 and a best doubles ranking of No. 190, reached on 24 February 2025.
Shengavit (Yerevan Metro)
Shengavit (Armenian: Շենգավիթ), is a Yerevan Metro station opened on February 15, 1986. The station has a two-way route to Garegin Nzhdeh Square station in one direction and Charbakh station in the other direction. The station is located in the Shengavit District and exits at Arthur Karapetyan's Park, Soghomon Tarontsi and Shengavit 9th Streets.

Shengavit District
Shengavit (Armenian: Շենգավիթ վարչական շրջան, romanized: Shengavit’ varch’akan shrjan), is one of the 12 districts of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, located at the southwestern part of the city. It has common borders with the districts of Malatia-Sebastia, Kentron, Erebuni and Nubarashen. Ararat Province forms the southern borders of the district.
Swern oxidation
In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation also known as Moffatt–Swern, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol (−OH) is oxidized to an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine. It is one of the many oxidation reactions commonly referred to as 'activated DMSO' oxidations. The reaction is known for its mild character and wide tolerance of functional groups.

The by-products are dimethyl sulfide ((CH3)2S), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and—when triethylamine is used as base—triethylammonium chloride (Et3NHCl). Of the volatile by-products, dimethyl sulfide has a strong, pervasive odour and carbon monoxide is acutely toxic, so the reaction and the work-up needs to be performed in a fume hood. Dimethyl sulfide is a volatile liquid (B.P. 99 °F (37 °C)) with an unpleasant odour at even low concentrations.

Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S. It is the simplest thioether and has a characteristic disagreeable odor. It is a flammable liquid that boils at 37 °C (99 °F). It is a component of the smell produced from cooking of certain vegetables (notably maize, cabbage, and beetroot) and seafoods. It is also an indication of bacterial contamination in malt production and brewing. It is a breakdown product of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and is also produced by the bacterial metabolism of methanethiol.
Winyah Indigo School
Winyah School, also known as Winyah Graded and High School, Georgetown Graded & High School, and Old Winyah School, is a historic school building located at Georgetown, Georgetown County, South Carolina. It consists of a 1908 Classical Revival style school building and auditorium, with an auditorium extension and high school addition built about 1924. It has a raised masonry and concrete foundation and low hipped roof.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Winyah High School served white students while Howard High School served African American students. An arson attack damaged it on November 5th, 1981. Integrated Georgetown High School replaced it and Howard High School 4 years later.

Georgetown, South Carolina
Georgetown is the third oldest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina and the county seat of Georgetown County, in the Lowcountry. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 8,403, a decrease from the 2010 census of 9,163. Located on Winyah Bay at the confluence of the Black, Great Pee Dee, Waccamaw, and Sampit rivers, Georgetown is the second largest seaport in South Carolina, handling over 960,000 tons of materials a year, while Charleston is the largest.

Beginning in the colonial era, Georgetown was the commercial center of an indigo- and rice-producing area. Rice replaced indigo as the chief commodity crop in the antebellum era. A timber industry also developed and sawmills were built.
Fish Ponds
Fish Ponds is one of the locations where the Mojave River rose to run on the surface of its course through the Mojave Desert. The site is located in the river bed in Nebo Center, in the eastern part of Barstow, in San Bernardino County, California.  Fish Ponds was named for the Mohave chub that were to be found in the ponds in that location.: 218  : 105

Barstow, California
Barstow is a city in San Bernardino County, California, in the Mojave Desert of Southern California. Located in the Inland Empire region of California, the population was 25,415 at the 2020 census. Barstow is an important crossroads for the Inland Empire and home to Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow.
Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences
Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published quarterly by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of International Association of Scientists in the Interdisciplinary Areas. It covers developments in interdisciplinary areas of sciences with a focus on computational life sciences. It was established in 2009 and its current editor-in-chief is Dong-Qing Wei (Shanghai Jiao Tong University).

The journal was subject to controversy due to Luc Montagnier's 2009 publications on DNA teleportation, which were characterized as pseudoscience.  It was criticized for its peer review system and the unusually short turnaround time for these publications; Montagnier served as the chairman of the editorial board at the time.

DNA teleportation
DNA teleportation is a pseudoscientific claim which suggests that DNA can produce electromagnetic signals (EMS) that are measurable when highly diluted in water. The claim suggests these signals can allegedly be recorded, transmitted electronically and re-emitted on another distant pure water sample, where the DNA can replicate through polymerase chain reaction, despite the absence of the original DNA in the new water sample. The idea was introduced by the Nobel laureate Luc Montagnier in 2009. It is similar in principle to water memory, a similar pseudoscientific claim popularised by Jacques Benveniste in 1988.

No independent research has been conducted to support the claim and to this day, there is no known or plausible scientific mechanism by which it might work.
Netty (software)
Netty is a non-blocking I/O client-server framework for the development of Java network applications such as protocol servers and clients. The asynchronous event-driven network application framework and tools are used to simplify network programming such as TCP and UDP socket servers. Netty includes an implementation of the reactor pattern of programming. Originally developed by JBoss, Netty is now developed and maintained by the Netty Project Community.

Besides being an asynchronous network application framework, Netty also includes built-in implementations of SSL/TLS, HTTP, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, WebSockets, DNS, Protocol Buffers, SPDY and other protocols. Netty is not a Java web container, but is able to run inside one, and supports message compression. Netty has been actively developed since 2004.

Beginning with version 4.0.0, Netty also supports the usage of NIO.2 as a backend, along with NIO and blocking Java sockets.

Reactor pattern
The reactor software design pattern is an event handling strategy that can respond to many potential service requests concurrently. The pattern's key component is an event loop, running in a single thread or process, which demultiplexes incoming requests and dispatches them to the correct request handler.

By relying on event-based mechanisms rather than blocking I/O or multi-threading, a reactor can handle many concurrent I/O bound requests with minimal delay.
A reactor also allows for easily modifying or expanding specific request handler routines, though the pattern does have some drawbacks and limitations.

With its balance of simplicity and scalability, the reactor has become a central architectural element in several server applications and software frameworks for networking. Derivations such as the multireactor and proactor also exist for special cases where even greater throughput, performance, or request complexity are necessary.
The Hollywood Revue
The Hollywood Revue of 1929, or simply The Hollywood Revue, is a 1929 American pre-Code musical comedy film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was the studio's second feature-length musical, and one of their earliest sound films. Produced by Harry Rapf and Irving Thalberg and directed by Charles Reisner, it features nearly all of MGM's stars in a two-hour revue that includes three segments in Technicolor. The masters of ceremonies are Conrad Nagel and Jack Benny.

At the 2nd Academy Awards, the film received a Best Picture nomination (its sole nomination) but lost to another Irving Thalberg MGM production, The Broadway Melody.

As a film published in 1929, it entered the public domain on January 1, 2025.

2025 in public domain
When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of works is not uniform. The following lists list creators whose works entered the public domain in 2025 under the most common copyright regimes.
La Sal, Utah
La Sal is a census-designated place (CDP) in northeastern San Juan County, Utah, United States. The population was 348 at the 2020 census. The name comes from the La Sal Mountains which means in Spanish "The Salt". The area is known for its uranium resources.

La Sal Mountains
The La Sal Mountains or La Sal Range is a mountain range located in Grand and San Juan counties in the U.S. state of Utah, along the border with Colorado. The range rises above and southeast of Moab and north of the town of La Sal. This range is part of the Manti-La Sal National Forest and the southern Rocky Mountains. The maximum elevation is at Mount Peale, reaching 12,721 feet (3,877 m) above sea level.

The range contains three clusters of peaks separated by passes. The peaks span a distance of about 10 miles (16 km). The name of the range dates to Spanish times, when the Sierra La Sal (meaning the "Salt Mountains") was a prominent landmark on the Old Spanish Trail between Santa Fe and Los Angeles.