hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atokad Downs
Atokad Downs is a horse racing facility in South Sioux City, Nebraska. The original 5/8 mile track was built in 1956 at a cost of $250,000 and featured grandstands for 2,600 spectators and barns for 500 horses.

Atokad (Dakota spelled backwards) ran live racing continuously until 2012, when only one live race was held to keep their simulcast rights for the remainder of the year. That year, the Ho-Chunk tribe purchased the property and closed the track with future plans to open a casino on the site. Ho-Chunk resumed live racing in 2016 with one meeting on a shortened one furlong track, and continued to hold one meeting each year on this track until 2025 when racing was moved to a new 5/8 mile track a short distance away.

42°26′32″N 96°25′48″W﻿ / ﻿42.442087°N 96.429950°W﻿ / 42.442087; -96.429950

South Sioux City, Nebraska
South Sioux City is a city in Dakota County, Nebraska, United States. It is located immediately across the Missouri River from Sioux City, Iowa, and is part of the Sioux City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 14,043, making it the 14th most populous city in Nebraska.
Fentress, Texas
Fentress is an unincorporated community in Caldwell County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 291 in 2000. The community is part of the Austin–Round Rock Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It was the setting for the novel The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate.

The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate
Children and Young Adult Literature portal

The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate is a 2009 historical young adult novel by Jacqueline Kelly that received a 2010 Newbery Medal.  It is the story of a young girl growing up in Texas.
7z
7z is a compressed archive file format that supports several different data compression, encryption and pre-processing algorithms.  The 7z format initially appeared as implemented by the 7-Zip archiver.  The 7-Zip program is publicly available under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.  The LZMA SDK 4.62 was placed in the public domain in December 2008.  The latest stable version of 7-Zip and LZMA SDK is version 25.01.

The 7z file format specification is distributed with 7-Zip's source code since 2015. The specification can be found in plain text format in the "doc" sub-directory of the source code distribution.

Prediction by partial matching
Prediction by partial matching (PPM) is an adaptive statistical data compression technique based on context modeling and prediction. PPM models use a set of previous symbols in the uncompressed symbol stream to predict the next symbol in the stream.  PPM algorithms can also be used to cluster data into predicted groupings in cluster analysis.
Lithgow Underbridge
The Lithgow Underbridge is a heritage-listed railway underbridge that carries the Main West Line over James Street, in Lithgow, in the City of Lithgow local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The bridge is located approximately 156 kilometres (97 mi) from Central railway station. The bridge was designed by John Whitton as the Engineer-in-Chief for Railways and was built in 1869 by contractor, P. Higgins. It is also known as Lithgow (James St) Underbridge. The property is owned by Transport Asset Holding Entity, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 30 August 2013.

City of Lithgow
The City of Lithgow is a local government area in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is located adjacent to the Great Western Highway and the Main Western railway line.

The mayor of the City of Lithgow Council is Cr. Maree Statham, who is unaligned with any political party.
WSSG
WSSG (1300 kHz) is a radio station licensed to Goldsboro, North Carolina. The station is currently owned by Donald Curtis' Eastern Airwaves, LLC.

Before its Jack FM format, WSSG was simulcasting country-formatted WZKT.

On August 7, 2017, WSSG changed their format from adult hits (as "Jack FM") to urban contemporary, branded as "92.7 Jamz".

Goldsboro, North Carolina
Goldsboro, originally Goldsborough, is a city in and the county seat of Wayne County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 33,657 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of and is included in the Goldsboro, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. The nearby town of Waynesboro was founded in 1787, and Goldsboro was incorporated in 1847.

The city is situated in North Carolina's Coastal Plain and is bordered on the south by the Neuse River and the west by the Little River, approximately 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Greenville, 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Raleigh, the state capital, and 75 miles (121 km) north of Wilmington in Southeastern North Carolina. Seymour Johnson Air Force Base is located in Goldsboro. Even though there is an Air Force base, it is still considered one of the most dangerous cities in North Carolina. Its crime rate is higher than both the national, and state average.
John Hepburn (bishop)
John Hepburn (died between 27 March and 22 May 1557) was provided bishop of Brechin, Scotland, by Pope Leo X on 29 October 1516, but there may have been a delay in consecrating him due to his "defect of age". He may not have been consecrated until sometime between June 1522 and 23 February 1523, though the evidence is complex and contradictory.

He was one of the younger sons of Sir Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell by his spouse Margaret, daughter of George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly, whose marriage contract was signed on 21 February 1491, indicating a probable year of birth for John as circa 1500.

Bishop Hepburn's first recorded appearance in parliament appears on 16 November 1524, occurring thereafter with great regularity. He died on the eve of the Scottish Reformation having served four decades in office.

Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell
Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell (died 18 October 1508) was Lord High Admiral of Scotland. He rose to political prominence after supporting James IV against his father, and was proxy at the King's marriage.
Zagórze, Wieruszów County
Zagórze [zaˈɡuʐɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokolniki, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-west of Sokolniki, 12 km (7 mi) east of Wieruszów, and 96 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Sokolniki
Gmina Sokolniki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Sokolniki, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Wieruszów and 95 km (59 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 80.02 square kilometres (30.9 sq mi), and as of 2006, its total population was 4,875.
Psychology Gone Wrong
Psychology Gone Wrong: The Dark Sides of Science and Therapy is a 2015 book written by Tomasz Witkowski and Maciej Zatonski.

It covers mistakes, frauds and abuses of academic psychology, psychotherapy, and psycho-business. In the book the authors review the history of fraudulent research and questionable research practices; the willingness of many psychologists to embrace pseudoscientific ideas and practices (psychoanalysis, recovered-memory therapy, projective testing, neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), etc.), exaggerated claims for the efficacy of psychological interventions, and so on. In each case the authors support their thesis with abundant references.

Tomasz Witkowski
Tomasz Witkowski (Polish: [ˈtɔmaʐ vitˈkɔfskʲi]; born 1963) is a Polish psychologist, skeptic and science writer. He is a professor of psychology at the University College of Professional Education in Wrocław, Poland. He is known for his unconventional campaigns against pseudoscience. He specializes in debunking pseudoscience, particularly in the fields of psychology, psychotherapy, and diagnostics. Witkowski also engages in debates on pseudoscience-related topics, emphasizing scientific skepticism.
Phenylacetylglutamine
Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed by the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. It is a common metabolite that occurs naturally in human urine.

The highly-nitrogenous compound is most commonly encountered in human subjects with urea cycle disorders. Conditions such as uremia or hyperammonemia tend to cause high levels of nitrogen in the form of ammonia in the blood. Uremic conditions are a result of defects in enzymes that convert ammonia to urea: the primary nitrogenous waste metabolite in the urea cycle.

Hyperammonemia
Hyperammonemia, or high ammonia levels, is a metabolic disturbance characterised by an excess of ammonia in the blood. Severe hyperammonemia is a dangerous condition that may lead to brain injury and death. It may be primary or secondary.

Ammonia is a substance that contains nitrogen. It is a product of the catabolism of protein. It is converted to the less toxic substance urea prior to excretion in urine by the kidneys. The metabolic pathways that synthesize urea involve reactions that start in the mitochondria and then move into the cytosol. The process is known as the urea cycle, which comprises several enzymes acting in sequence. It is greatly exacerbated by common zinc deficiency, which raises ammonia levels further.
Aref Dalila
Aref Dalila (Arabic: عارف دليلة) (born 1942) is a Syrian economist and former Dean of the Faculty of Economics in Damascus University. He is currently working as a Senior Economic Researcher at Orient Research Center in the UAE. He was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment in 2002 on charges of "trying to corrupt the constitution, inciting armed rebellion and spreading false information" for his political activity during the Damascus Spring period, and imprisoned until released by presidential pardon in 2008.

Damascus University
Damascus University (Arabic: جامعة دمشق, romanized: Jāmiʾa Dimashq) is a public research university in Damascus, the capital city of Syria. It is the largest and oldest university in the country. It also operates satellite campuses in other Syrian cities.

It was founded in 1923 as the Syrian University (Arabic: الجامعة السورية, romanized: al-Jāmiʾa al-Sūriyya) through the merger of the Medical School (established 1903) and the Institute of Law (established 1913). It adopted its current name after the founding of the University of Aleppo in 1958.

Damascus University was one of the most reputable universities in the Arab World before the Syrian civil war started in 2011.

Damascus University consists of several faculties, higher institutes, intermediate institutes and a school of nursing. One of the institutions specializes in teaching the Arabic language to foreigners, which as of 2005 was the largest institution of its kind in the Arab world.
Diplomat's Folly
Diplomat’s Folly is a 1951 thriller mystery novel by the British writer Henry Wade. Wade was a key writer during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. The plot follows a traditional Country House mystery formula following a murder.

Sir Henry Aubrey-Fletcher, 6th Baronet
Major Sir Henry Lancelot Aubrey-Fletcher, 6th Baronet KStJ CVO DSO  (10 September 1887 – 30 May 1969), also known by his pen name Henry Wade, was Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire from 1954 to 1961. He was also one of the leading authors during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.
San Daniele Po
San Daniele Po (Cremunés: San Daniel) is a comune  in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Cremona.

San Daniele Po borders the following municipalities: Cella Dati, Motta Baluffi, Pieve d'Olmi, Polesine Zibello, Roccabianca, Sospiro.

Roccabianca
Roccabianca (Parmigiano: Rocabiànca) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Parma.

Roccabianca borders the following municipalities: Motta Baluffi, Polesine Zibello, San Daniele Po, San Secondo Parmense, Sissa Trecasali, Soragna, and Torricella del Pizzo.

It is home to the Castello di Roccabianca, a castle built by Pier Maria II de' Rossi between 1446 and 1463. It includes frescoes with Stories of Griselda (from Boccaccio's Decameron), by Niccolò da Varallo,  and astrological scenes.
Victor Moore
Victor Fred Moore (February 24, 1876 – July 23, 1962) was an American actor of stage and screen, a major Broadway star from the late 1920s through the 1930s. He was also a writer and director, but is best remembered today as a comedian, playing timid, mild-mannered roles. Today's audiences know him as the star of a Christmas-themed movie that has become a perennial: It Happened on 5th Avenue (1947). Moore plays a vagrant who occupies a millionaire's mansion—without the millionaire's knowledge—while the owner is vacationing.

It Happened on 5th Avenue
It Happened on 5th Avenue (titled onscreen as It Happened on Fifth Avenue) is a 1947 American romantic comedy film directed by Roy Del Ruth and starring Don DeFore, Ann Harding, Charles Ruggles, Victor Moore and Gale Storm. The film follows a clever vagrant as he helps several strangers take shelter in a vacant New York City mansion during the Christmas holidays, unwittingly inviting the mansion's owner and his family to stay with them.

Herbert Clyde Lewis and Frederick Stephani were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Story, losing to Valentine Davies for another Christmas-themed film, Miracle on 34th Street.
Pinawa
Pinawa is a local government district and small community of 1,331 residents (2016 census) located in southeastern Manitoba, Canada. It is 110 kilometres north-east of Winnipeg. The town is situated on the Canadian Shield within the western boundary of Whiteshell Provincial Park, which lies near the Manitoba-Ontario provincial boundary. Administratively, the town includes the surrounding area, and is officially the Local Government District of Pinawa. Except for a small eastern border with the unorganized area of the Eastman Region, it is surrounded by the Rural Municipalities of Lac du Bonnet to the north and Whitemouth to the south, but is independent of either one. The community lies on the north bank of the Winnipeg River in the southeastern part of the Local Government District.

Rural Municipality of Lac du Bonnet
Lac du Bonnet is a rural municipality in the province of Manitoba in Western Canada, situated between the Nopiming Provincial Park to the northeast and Whiteshell Provincial Park to the southeast.

The separately-administered town of Lac du Bonnet lies within the borders of the municipality. It also mostly encircles the Pinawa local government district in the municipality's southeast part. A large portion of the municipality includes waters of the Winnipeg River and its tributaries.

The RM contains the southern part of Manitoba's Brightstone Sand Hills Provincial Forest and the northern part of Agassiz Provincial Forest, although most of these forests lie in other RMs.
Lily seed germination types
Lilies seed germination is classified as either epigeal or hypogeal.  These classifications may be further refined as immediate or delayed.   Whether a lily is epigeal or hypogeal may be related to survival strategies developed according to the climate where the lily originated.  Epigeal lilies evolved in moderate climates.  Hypogeal lilies evolved in harsher habitats where it would be advantageous to store food in a bulb, and later send up leaves in the spring.

Epigeal germination
Epigeal germination (Ancient Greek ἐπίγαιος [epígaios] 'above ground', from ἐπί [epí] 'on' and γῆ [gê] 'earth, ground') is a botanical term indicating that the germination of a plant takes place above the ground. An example of a plant with epigeal germination is the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The opposite of epigeal is hypogeal (underground germination).

| Epi: Above + Geo: Earth | + Germination
Karjalan Sanomat
Karjalan Sanomat (literally: Karelia's Messages) is a weekly Finnish language newspaper from the Republic of Karelia, published in Petrozavodsk. The newspaper was founded in 1920 as 'Karjalan kommuuni'.

The newspaper is owned by OmaMedia, a conglomerate in the Karelian-language newspaper- industry. Its publisher is Periodika, a Russian state-owned publisher associated with OmaMedia.

Previous names:

1920-1923: Karjalan kommuuni (Karelian Commune)

1923-1937: Punainen Karjala (Red Karelia)

1938-1940: Советской Карелия (Soviet Karelia)

1940-1955: Totuus (Truth)

1955-1957: Leninilainen totuus (Lenin's Truth)

1957-1991: Neuvosto-Karjala (Soviet Karelia)

1991-: Karjalan sanomat (Karelian News)

From 1938 to 1940 the newspaper was printed in Karelian using Cyrillic, rather than Finnish.

Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia, or simply Karelia or Karjala (Russian: Каре́лия, Ка́рьяла; Karelian: Karjala) is a republic of Russia situated in the northwest of the country. The republic is a part of the Northwestern Federal District, and covers an area of 172,400 square kilometres (66,600 square miles), with a population of 533,121 residents. Its capital is Petrozavodsk.

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR, by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 27 June 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of 25 July 1923, from the Karelian Labour Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again made an autonomous republic and remained part of Russia following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Bierre-lès-Semur
Bierre-lès-Semur (French pronunciation: [bjɛʁ lɛ səmyʁ], literally Bierre near Semur) is a former commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Le Val-Larrey.

Le Val-Larrey
Le Val-Larrey (French pronunciation: [lə val laʁɛ]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Flée (the seat) and Bierre-lès-Semur.
Edward Solomon
Edward Solomon (25 July 1855 – 22 January 1895) was an English composer, conductor, orchestrator and pianist. He died at age 39 by which time he had written dozens of works produced for the stage, including several for the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, including The Nautch Girl (1891). Early in his career, he was a frequent collaborator of Henry Pottinger Stephens.  He had a bigamous marriage with Lillian Russell in the 1880s.

Comic opera
Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue.

Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a new operatic genre, opera buffa, emerged as an alternative to opera seria. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner.

The influence of Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German singspiel, Viennese operetta, Spanish zarzuela, Russian comic opera, English ballad and Savoy opera, North American operetta and musical comedy.
2015–16 UCI Track Cycling World Cup
The 2015–16 UCI Track Cycling World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a track cycling season. It was the 24th series of the UCI Track Cycling World Cup organised by the UCI. The series ran from 30 October 2015 to 17 January 2016 and consisted of three rounds in Cali, Cambridge and Hong Kong.

Cambridge, New Zealand
Cambridge (Māori: Kemureti) is a town in the Waipā District of the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand. Situated 24 kilometres (15 mi) southeast of Hamilton, on the banks of the Waikato River, Cambridge is known as "The Town of Trees & Champions". The town has a population of 22,700, making it the largest town in the Waipā District, and the third largest urban area in the Waikato (after Hamilton and Taupō).

Cambridge was a finalist in the 2017 and 2019 New Zealand's Most Beautiful Large Town awards, run by Keep New Zealand Beautiful. It was awarded the title New Zealand's Most Beautiful Large Town in October 2019.
Daniel Azulay
Daniel Azulay (May 30, 1947 – March 27, 2020) was a Brazilian visual artist, comic book artist, and  educator, with vast and diverse performance in the press and on TV as a draftsman. He is most known for the children's franchise Turma do Lambe-Lambe. He died during the COVID-19 pandemic due to complications brought on by COVID-19.

Turma do Lambe-Lambe
Turma do Lambe-Lambe was a Brazilian media franchise created by comic book artist Daniel Azulay in 1975. The franchise follows a group of characters that consist of human kids and anthropomorphic animals. It was publicly recognized in 1976 when Daniel Azulay signed a contract with the channel TV Educativa (currently known as TV Brasil) to present a children's show, known as A Turma do Lambe-Lambe, from which he used these characters. The program, however, was more successful on Rede Bandeirantes, where it was broadcast until 1986 and marked a legacy as one of the most popular children's shows in Brazil during the 1980s. During this time, A Turma do Lambe-Lambe produced a series of comic books and several LP albums, which were subsequently re-released in CD format..
Microsoft Flight
Microsoft Flight is an amateur flight simulation from Microsoft Studios created as a spin-off of the Microsoft Flight Simulator series. The game is offered "free-to-play"; charging players for downloading extra content, aircraft or scenery.

In July 2012, Microsoft ceased development of the game permanently to re-align its "long-term goals and development plans." The core game, which includes the Icon A5 aircraft and the Big Island of Hawaii scenery area, remained available as a free download for some time after that, but is now no longer available. It could be expanded with additional downloadable content (DLC) from the integrated Games For Windows Marketplace on Xbox-Live .

Microsoft closed the Xbox.com PC Marketplace on August 22, 2013. Previous items purchased are still usable, and the Flight software may still be downloadable, but no items can be acquired through the marketplace.

Xbox Game Studios
Xbox Game Studios (previously known as Microsoft Studios, Microsoft Game Studios, and Microsoft Games) is an American video game publisher based in Redmond, Washington. It was established in March 2000, spun out from an internal Games Group, for the development and publishing of video games for Microsoft Windows. It has since expanded to include games and other interactive entertainment for the namesake Xbox platforms, other desktop operating systems, Windows Mobile and other mobile platforms, web-based portals, and other game consoles.

Xbox Game Studios, alongside ZeniMax Media and Activision Blizzard, are part of the Microsoft Gaming division led by Phil Spencer, who is chief executive officer of the division.