hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flying University
The Flying University (Polish: Uniwersytet Latający, less often translated as "Floating University") was an underground educational enterprise that operated from 1885 to 1905 in Warsaw, the historic Polish capital, then under the control of the Russian Empire. Between 1977
and 1981 renewed Flying Universities were operated by dissident Poles in the communist-controlled People's Republic of Poland.

The Flying University and similar institutions aimed to provide Polish youth with opportunities for education within the framework of traditional Polish scholarship at times when that tradition collided with the ideology and practice of the governing authorities.
In the 19th century, such underground institutions were important in the national effort to resist Germanization under Prussian and Russification under Russian occupation. In the People's Republic of Poland, the Flying University provided educational opportunities outside government censorship and control of education.

Underground education
Underground education or clandestine education refers to various practices of teaching carried out at times and places where such educational activities were deemed illegal.

Examples of places where widespread clandestine education practices took place included education of Blacks during the slave period in the USA and the Secret Teaching Organization in Poland under the Nazis.
Patrick Kavanagh
Patrick Kavanagh (21 October 1904 – 30 November 1967) was an Irish poet and novelist. His best-known works include the novel Tarry Flynn, and the poems "On Raglan Road" and "The Great Hunger". He is known for his accounts of Irish life through reference to the everyday and commonplace.

Inniskeen
Inniskeen, officially Inishkeen (Irish: Inis Caoin, meaning 'peaceful island'), is a small village, townland and parish in County Monaghan, Ireland, close to the County Louth and County Armagh borders. The village is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Dundalk, 11 km (7 mi) from Carrickmacross, and 5 km (3 mi) from Crossmaglen. Seven townlands of this Roman Catholic Diocese of Clogher parish lie within County Louth.
Kemekem
Kemekem (also known as Libo Kemekem (Amharic: ሊቦ ከምከም) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Kemekem is bordered on the south by the Reb which separates it from Fogera, on the west by Lake Tana, on the north by the Semien Gondar Zone, and on the east by Ebenat. The administrative center is Addis Zemen; other towns include Amba Meda and Yifag.

Rivers in this woreda include the Arno and the Reb, which drain into Lake Tana. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 51% is arable or cultivable, 8.3% pasture, 5.9% forest or shrubland, 17.98% covered with water, and the remaining 17.03% is considered degraded or other. Teff, corn, sorghum, cotton and sesame are important cash crops.

Addis Zemen
Addis Zemen (Amharic "New Era"; also known as Addis Abreham) is a town in northern-central Ethiopia. Located in the Debub Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, on the road connecting Gondar and Bahir Dar, Addis Zemen has a latitude and longitude of 12°07′N 37°47′E﻿ / ﻿12.117°N 37.783°E﻿ / 12.117; 37.783 and an elevation of 1975 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Kemekem woreda.

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 24,849, of whom 12,245 were males and  were 12,604 females. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 14,342 of whom 6,443 were males and 7,899 were females.

Nearby landmarks include Mount Asiba and the monastery of St. Claudius, who lived during the reign of Emperor Gelawdeos. The monastery possesses some impressive wall paintings and several illuminated manuscripts dating to the 18th century.

The mother of Emperor Sarsa Dengel took refuge at Addis Zemen.
Rockcliffe Yacht Club
The Rockcliffe Yacht Club is a non-profit Yacht club based on the south shore of the Ottawa River near the Ottawa/Rockcliffe Airport in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada north of the Canada Aviation Museum. It is a 100-member “private co-op” style club.  The club originally was part of CFB Rockcliffe but changed to a private club in 1984.  The club is centred on a concrete ramp originally used to launch RCAF sea planes. The ramp extends 50 feet (15 m) into the water   as when the ramp was built, in the 1930s, the level of the Ottawa river was much lower.  In 1964, a dam was put across the Ottawa River for the Carillon Generating Station which raised the water level by 9 feet (2.7 m).  As a result, the Rockcliffe Yacht Club has one of the best launching ramps on the Ottawa river.

Ottawa/Rockcliffe Airport
Ottawa/Rockcliffe Airport or Rockcliffe Airport (IATA: YRO, ICAO: CYRO), a former military base, is a non-towered airport located on the south shore of the Ottawa River, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) northeast of Downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The airport is the home of the Canada Aviation and Space Museum, which owns the field, and is used and maintained by the Rockcliffe Flying Club. In August 2018, on the 100th anniversary of its use as an airfield, it was officially recognized as Canada's oldest active airport.
Miss Hall's School
Miss Hall's School is an independent boarding and day school for grades 9-12 located in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Founded in 1898 by Mira Hinsdale Hall, a graduate of Smith College, it was one of the first girls' boarding schools established in New England.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
Dharma-dharmata-vibhaga
Dharma-dharmatā-vibhāga (Chinese: 辨法法性論; pinyin: Biàn fǎ fǎ xìng lùn; Distinguishing Dharmas and Dharmata) is a short Yogācāra work, attributed to Maitreya-nātha, which discusses the distinction and correlation (vibhāga) between phenomena (dharma) and reality (dharmatā); the work exists in both a prose and a verse version and survives only in Tibetan translation.  However, the Sanskrit original was reported to exist in Tibet during the 1930s by the Indian Buddhologist and explorer, Rahul Sankrityayan.

Maitreya-nātha
Maitreya-nātha (c. 270–350 CE) is a name whose use was pioneered by Buddhist scholars Erich Frauwallner, Giuseppe Tucci, and Hakuju Ui to distinguish one of the three founders of the Yogācāra school of Buddhist philosophy, along with Asanga and Vasubandhu. Some scholars believe this Maitreya to be a historical person in India who authored various Yogācāra texts known as the Maitreya corpus. The traditions themselves have held that it is referring to the bodhisattva Maitreya, the future buddha.
Dietlind Foerster
Dietlind Foerster (born 18 March 1981) is a Namibian cricketer.  Her fielding position is Wicket Keeper, her batting style is the Right hand Bat, while her bowling style is Right hand Medium. She made her Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) debut for the Namibia women's cricket team on 20 August 2018, against Malawi, in the 2018 Botswana Cricket Association Women's T20I Series. It was the first WT20I match to be played by Namibia.

In August 2019, she was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament in Scotland. She played in Namibia's opening match of the tournament on 31 August 2019 against Ireland. In May 2021, she was named in Namibia's squad for the 2021 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament in Rwanda.

2018 Botswana Cricket Association Women's T20I Series
The 2018 Botswana Cricket Association Women's T20I Series was a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament held in Gaborone, Botswana from 20 to 25 August 2018. The participants were the women's national sides of Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia and Sierra Leone. Matches were recognised as official T20I games as per ICC's announcement that full T20I status would apply to all official matches played between women's teams of associate members after 1 July 2018. Zambia also took part in the tournament but their matches did not have T20I status due to their squad including a non-eligible player, and their results are not included in the available coverage. The matches were played at the two Botswana Cricket Association Oval grounds (Oval 1 and Oval 2), in Gaborone. Namibia won the tournament after winning all of their matches, including a victory over Sierra Leone in the final.
Diana Trask Sings About Loving
Diana Trask Sings About Loving is a studio album by Australian singer Diana Trask. It was released in July 1972 by Dot Records and was the seventh studio album in her career. The country music project was a collection of ten recordings, featuring several cover tunes and two singles: "We've Got to Work It Out Between Us" and "It Meant Nothing to Me". Both singles reached the US country songs top 40 in 1972. The album itself received positive reviews from magazines and newspapers following its release.

We've Got to Work It Out Between Us
"We've Got to Work It Out Between Us" is a song written by Ann J. Morton that was originally recorded by Australian singer Diana Trask. Released as a single in 1972 by Dot Records, it reached the top 40 of the US country chart and was given a positive review by Billboard magazine.
Jim Hayes (basketball)
Jim Hayes (February 18, 1948 – March 11, 2009) was an American professional basketball shooting guard who spent one season in the American Basketball Association (ABA) as a member of the New York Nets (1970–71). Born in Ithaca, New York and raised in Rockville Centre, New York, he attended Boston University, where he was drafted by the Detroit Pistons during the third round of the 1970 NBA draft, but he never signed. After playing in the ABA, he went on to play professionally in France, where he had a long and successful career.

Rockville Centre, New York
Rockville Centre, commonly abbreviated as RVC, is an incorporated village located in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 26,016 at the time of the 2020 census.
Herman Liebaers
Herman Liebaers (February 1, 1919 in Tienen, Belgium – November 9, 2010 in Jette, Brussels) was a Belgian linguist. He was director general of the central Belgian Royal Library and Marshal of the Royal Household of the Royal Court of Belgium.

Tienen
Tienen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtinə(n)] ⓘ; French: Tirlemont [tiʁləmɔ̃]) is a city and municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in Flanders, Belgium. The municipality comprises Tienen itself and the towns of Bost, Goetsenhoven, Hakendover, Kumtich, Oorbeek, Oplinter, Sint-Margriete-Houtem and Vissenaken.

On 1 January 2017, Tienen had a total population of 34,365. The total area is 71.77 km2 (27.71 sq mi), which gives a population density of 444 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,150/sq mi).
Ron Saxton
Ronald L. Saxton (born 1954) is an American lawyer, business person, and Republican politician in Oregon. He has run twice for Governor of Oregon, losing in the 2002 primary election, and winning the Republican nomination in 2006, but losing in the general election.

2002 Oregon gubernatorial election
The 2002 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Democrat John Kitzhaber was barred by term limits from seeking a third consecutive term; he later successfully ran again in 2010 and 2014. To replace him, former Oregon Supreme Court Associate Justice Ted Kulongoski won a crowded and competitive Democratic primary, while former State Representative Kevin Mannix emerged from an equally competitive Republican primary. The campaign between Kulongoski and Mannix, who were joined by Libertarian nominee Tom Cox, was close and went down to the wire. Ultimately, Kulongoski eked out a narrow margin of victory over Mannix, which was slightly smaller than Cox's total vote share, allowing Kulongoski to win what would be the first of two terms as governor. As of 2024, this is the last time that Oregon voted for a gubernatorial nominee and a U.S. Senate nominee of different political parties.
Tony Ross
Anthony Lee Ross (born 10 August 1938) is a British author and illustrator of children's picture books. In Britain, he is best known for writing and illustrating his Little Princess books and for illustrating the Horrid Henry series by Francesca Simon, both of which have become TV series for Milkshake! and CITV respectively based on his artwork. He also illustrates the works of David Walliams. He has also illustrated the Amber Brown series by Paula Danziger, the Dr. Xargle series by Jeanne Willis, and the Harry The Poisonous Centipede series by Lynne Reid Banks.

Dr. Xargle
Dr. Xargle /ˈzɑːrɡəl/ is a series of children's picture books written by Jeanne Willis and illustrated by Tony Ross; the original six books were published by Andersen Press from 1988 to 1993. It features an alien perspective on human civilization, especially the life of British children and their families. Alternatively, Dr. Xargle is the main character, an alien who studies Earth and teaches schoolchildren about it. Sometimes he takes them on field trips to Earth in human disguises. Finally, Dr. Xargle is a 1997 British television series based on the original books.

For the third book in the series, Dr. Xargle's Book of Earth Tiggers (1990), Ross was highly commended runner up for the annual Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject.
1905 Army Cadets football team
The 1905 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1905 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Robert Boyers, the Cadets compiled a 4–4–1 record, shut out three opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 104 to 60.

Army's losses were to Virginia Tech, Harvard, Yale, and the Carlisle Indians. In the annual Army–Navy Game, the Cadets and Midshipmen tied at six.  Halfback Henry Torney was honored as a consensus first-team player on the All-America team.

1905 VPI football team
The 1905 VPI football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1905 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Sally Miles, the team went 9–1 and claims a Southern championship. The team had the most wins in a Virginia Tech season for many years to come, and defeated rival Virginia for the first time. Tech outscored its opponents 305 to 24. Hunter Carpenter scored 82 of those points.
Lucien Daloz
Lucien Charles Gilbert Daloz (9 October 1930 – 31 July 2012) was the archbishop of the  Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Besançon, France.

Ordained in 1955, Daloz became bishop of Langres in 1975 and archbishop of Besançon in 1980, retiring in 2003.

Archdiocese of Besançon
The Archdiocese of Besançon (Latin: Archidiœcesis Bisuntina; French: Archidiocèse de Besançon) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France.  It comprises the département of Doubs (except for Montbéliard) and the département of Haute-Saône (except for the canton of Héricourt).

From 1034 to 1184, the archbishop had civil authority within the Holy Roman Empire as the prince-archbishop of Besançon. He gradually lost his civil power to the town council; the city became the Imperial city of Besançon in 1184.  The city was annexed by France in stages, eventually being fully subsumed by France in 1792 during the French Revolution. The Archdiocese of Besançon is a metropolitan see with five suffragan dioceses in its ecclesiastical province: the Dioceses of Belfort-Montbéliard, Nancy, Saint–Claude, Saint-Dié, and Verdun.
David Jost
David Jost (born August 12, 1972) is a German music producer, singer-songwriter, and DJ born in Hamburg. His career has a track record of 74 platinum, 108 gold records, and 14 No. 1 hits. He's worked with artists like Lady Gaga, Chris Brown, Tokio Hotel, Limp Bizkit, Selena Gomez, Nelly Furtado, Keri Hilson, Aura Dione, and Adam Lambert. For his work as a songwriter, Jost was named Germany's best songwriter (Rock & Pop) by the GEMA (the German equivalent to the ASCAP/BMI). For Tokio Hotel, Jost has composed, produced, and mixed six No. 1 singles and three No. 1 albums.

Even though Jost managed several careers as a big media artist, he rarely answers interviews for the press and is known for principally never giving TV interviews. Jost is working in Los Angeles as of 2012.

Rock Mafia
Rock Mafia is an American record production team, consisting of Tim James and Antonina Armato who have been active since the early 2000s. They have written and produced 38 top ten singles, and have sold over 50 million records worldwide. They have worked with artists such as  Brit Smith, Eminem, Marshmello, Quavo, Diplo, Illenium, Zedd, Gwen Stefani, Young Thug, Tiesto, No Doubt, Wyclef Jean, Green Day, Mariah Carey, Justin Bieber, Hoku, Flo Rida, Ellie Goulding, Aura Dione, Tokio Hotel, Bebe Rexha, and Armin van Buuren. In the 2000s, they worked extensively with Disney stars signed to Hollywood Records, mainly Miley Cyrus, Vanessa Hudgens, Demi Lovato, and Selena Gomez.

Aside from their production work, the duo have released one mixtape and a string of singles, most notably "The Big Bang" and "Morning Sun" featuring Miley Cyrus.
Murder of John Alan West
The murder of John Alan West on 7 April 1964 was the crime which led to the last death sentences being carried out in the United Kingdom. West, a 53-year-old van driver for a laundry company, was beaten and stabbed to death by Gwynne Evans and Peter Allen, who had gone to rob him at his home in Seaton, Cumberland. Both murderers were unemployed, had a history of petty crime and were arrested and charged within two days of the crime. At trial, each blamed the other, but the jury found both men guilty, and both were sentenced to death.

The use of capital punishment in the United Kingdom had been declining at the time, and public opinion was turning against the practice. As a result, the decision not to reprieve the two condemned came as a surprise. Both were executed at 8:00 am on 13 August 1964, in prisons in Manchester and Liverpool. Capital punishment for murder was abolished in the United Kingdom 15 months later.

Murder of William Rowe
The murder of William Rowe was committed in 1963 by Dennis John Whitty (1941 – 17 December 1963) and Russell Pascoe (1940 – 17 December 1963), making them the third-to-last prisoners to be executed by hanging in a British prison. Whitty and Pascoe were convicted for their part in the murder of 64-year-old Cornish farmer William Garfield Rowe on 14 August 1963. When executed, they were 22 and 23 years old respectively. Pascoe was executed at 8.00 am in Bristol's Horfield Prison on Tuesday, 17 December 1963. Pascoe and Whitty had believed that Rowe kept a fortune hidden on his farm, Nanjarrow Farm, Constantine, near Falmouth.
Dalanzadgad Airport
Dalanzadgad Airport  (IATA: DLZ, ICAO: ZMDZ) is a public airport located in Dalanzadgad, the capital of Ömnögovi Province in Mongolia.

Although Dalanzadgad Airport is classified as an international airport there are no scheduled flights outside Mongolia.

Ömnögovi Province
Ömnögovi (Mongolian: Өмнөговь [ɵ́mn.ʁœw̜]) or South Gobi Province is the southernmost and largest province of Mongolia, located in the Gobi Desert. Its capital is Dalanzadgad.

The province is rich in mineral deposits, including gold and copper. Agriculture is of minor importance. Vegetables are grown in some oases—for example, in Dal near Dalanzadgad.

As the aimag has various sights to offer, tourism is gaining importance. Ömnögovi includes several well known tourist areas, including the Flaming Cliffs, Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park and Khongoryn Els—the Singing Sand Dunes.
Krishnamma Kalipindi Iddarini
Krishnamma Kalipindi Iddarini (transl. The Krishna River brought us together) is a 2015 Telugu romance film directed by R. Chandru and produced by Sridhar Lagadapati. The film stars Sudheer Babu, and Nanditha Raj, with music by Hari. The film is a remake of the 2013 Kannada film Charminar, also directed by Chandru.

The film got selected for Jaipur International film festival for competition category, where it won Best Romantic Film.

Sudheer Babu
Posani Naga Sudheer Babu (born 11 May 1977) is an Indian actor and former professional badminton player. He works primarily in Telugu films. Debuted as a lead actor in Shiva Manasulo Shruti (2012), Babu's successful films include Prema Katha Chitram (2013), Baaghi (2016), and Sammohanam (2018). He won SIIMA Special Jury award for his performance in Sammohanam.
Morden, Dorset
Morden (otherwise Moreden) is a civil parish in south Dorset, England. Morden is about 6 miles (10 km) north-west of Poole. At the 2011 census the civil parish had 141 households and a population of 323.

As well as the village of Morden, the parish includes the hamlets of East Morden, West Morden and Whitefields.

St Mary's Church, Morden, was rebuilt in 1873 except for the lower part of the 13th-century tower. East Morden has a pub, the Cock & Bottle.

In the north of the parish, Charborough was anciently a separate manor, hamlet and ecclesiastical parish. The Grade I listed 17th-century mansion called Charborough House or Charborough Park stands in an extensive deer park, and near the house is the small parish church, also dedicated to St Mary, rebuilt in 1775 and Grade II* listed.

Charborough House
Charborough House, also known as Charborough Park, is a Grade I listed building, the manor house of the ancient manor of Charborough. The house is between the villages of Sturminster Marshall and Bere Regis in Dorset, England.

The grounds, which include a deer park and gardens, adjoin the villages of Winterborne Zelston, Newton Peveril and Lytchett Matravers: they are Grade II* listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens, and have been called the most splendid parkland in Dorset.
Oulton Park
Oulton Park is a hard surfaced track used for motor racing, close to the village of Little Budworth, Cheshire, England, 5-mile (8.0 km) from Winsford, 13-mile (21 km) from Chester city centre, 8-mile (13 km) from Northwich and 17-mile (27 km) from Warrington, with a nearby rail connection along the Mid-Cheshire Line. It occupies much of the area which was previously known as the Oulton Estate. The racing circuit is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.

Little Budworth
Little Budworth is a civil parish and village between Winsford and Chester, in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 594.
It is primarily known as the location of the Oulton Park motor racing circuit.

The village is about 3 miles from Winsford and Tarporley, 14 miles to Chester City Centre, 8 miles to Northwich and 17 miles to Warrington with nearby rail connection along the Mid-Cheshire Line set in rolling English countryside and forest.