hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Stainton
Robert Stainton (born 1964) is a Canadian philosopher/linguist and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Western Ontario. He is known for his works on the philosophy of language, cognitive science/philosophy of the mind, analytic metaphysics/philosophical logic, semantics and pragmatics. He is currently leading a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Insight Grant-funded project on The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Languages with Christopher Viger. He is also “a fanatical carp fisher,” as he told Outdoor Canada.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Streatham
Streatham (/ˈstrɛt.əm/ STRET-əm) is a district in south London in England that lies five miles (eight kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It falls mostly within the London Borough of Lambeth, with some parts extending westward into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth.

Streatham formed part of Surrey before becoming part of the County of London in 1889, and then of Greater London in 1965.

The London Plan identifies the area as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.

London Borough of Wandsworth
Wandsworth (/ˈwɒndzwɜːrθ/ ⓘ) is a London borough in South West London, England. It forms part of Inner London and has an estimated population of 329,677 inhabitants. Its main communities are Battersea, Balham, Putney, Tooting and Wandsworth Town.

The borough borders the London Borough of Lambeth to the east, the London Borough of Merton and the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames to the south, the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames to the west, and to the north (across the River Thames) three boroughs, namely the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster. The local authority is Wandsworth London Borough Council.
Little Sister (1995 film)
Little Sister (Dutch: Zusje) is a Dutch drama film released in 1995 and directed by Robert Jan Westdijk. Little Sister earned the Special Jury Prize at the 8th Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in February 1997. It also won the Golden Calf for Best Feature Film.

Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival
The Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival (ゆうばり国際ファンタスティック映画祭, Yūbari kokusai fantasutikku eiga sai), also sometimes called YIFFF, is held in a resort-like environment in the small town of Yūbari on the northernmost Japanese island of Hokkaidō. From 1990 to 1999, the festival was known as the Yubari International Fantastic Adventure Film Festival.
Leopard (heraldry)
The leopard in heraldry is traditionally depicted the same as a lion, but in a walking position with its head turned to full face, thus it is also known as a lion passant guardant in some texts, though leopards more naturally depicted make some appearances in modern heraldry.  The Oxford Guide to Heraldry makes little mention of leopards but glosses leopard as a "term used in medieval heraldry for lion passant guardant. Now used for the natural beast." Another name for this beast is the ounce.

Coat of arms of Croatia
The coat of arms of the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Grb Republike Hrvatske) consists of one main shield and five smaller shields which form a crown over the main shield. The main coat of arms is a checkerboard that consists of 13 red and 12 white fields (called in blazon Chequy of twenty-five gules and argent). It is also informally known in Croatian as šahovnica ("chessboard", from šah, "chess"). The five smaller shields represent five different historical regions within Croatia. The checkerboard as a heraldic symbol of Croatia was introduced in the late 15th century, and officially since 1527 election in Cetin, replacing the original coat of arms of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia.
SOS incident
The SOS incident occurred in Mount Asahi in Daisetsuzan National Park in Japan in 1989. Two lost mountaineers were located and rescued after search teams spotted a large SOS message built from fallen birch logs, but the mountaineers had not created this message, which was determined to have been in place since at least 1987. After returning to search the area for more missing people the next day, police found skeletal remains in the vicinity (initially determined to belong to a female) in addition to personal belongings of a presumed-male hiker found stuffed into a tree root not far from the sign. The items included an ID (belonging to Kenji Iwamura, a man who had been missing since 1984), 2 cameras, a notebook, and a tape recorder with tapes featuring a distressed man calling for help. It is still not known who constructed the sign.

Daisetsuzan National Park
Daisetsuzan National Park (大雪山国立公園, Daisetsuzan Kokuritsu Kōen), or Taisetsuzan is located in the mountainous center of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. At 2,267.64 square kilometres (875.54 mi2), it is approximately the size of Kanagawa Prefecture. Until the establishment of Hidakasanmyaku-Erimo-Tokachi National Park in 2024, it was Japan's largest national park. Daisetsuzan, meaning "great snowy mountains," is an apt description of these peaks. There are 16 peaks over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in Daisetsuzan National Park, both with and without trails. The park offers some of Japan's most rugged scenery. Asahi-dake (2,290 metres (7,510 ft)), located in the north of the park, is the highest peak in Hokkaidō. Daisetsuzan National Park spans two subprefectures of Hokkaido, Kamikawa and Tokachi. Daisetsuzan National Park was established in 1934.
Gruppo Cassa Centrale Banca
Gruppo Cassa Centrale Banca is an Italian cooperative banking group based in Trento. As of 1 May 2025, it brought together 65 local credit unions (Italian: Banche di Credito Cooperativo or BCCs), the main one being the Banca per il Trentino Alto Adige – Bank für Trentino-Südtirol that was formed on 1 January 2024 by agglomeration of various local cooperative banks of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol autonomous region.

The group's central entity, Cassa Centrale Banca - Credito Cooperativo Italiano (CCB), has been designated in 2019 as a Significant Institution under the criteria of European Banking Supervision, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.

Cooperative banking
Cooperative banking is retail and commercial banking organized on a cooperative basis. Cooperative banking institutions take deposits and lend money in most parts of the world.

Cooperative banking, as discussed here, includes retail banking carried out by credit unions, mutual savings banks, building societies and cooperatives, as well as commercial banking services provided by mutual organizations (such as cooperative federations) to cooperative businesses.
Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's foil
The men's foil was a fencing event held as part of the Fencing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme in Stockholm, Sweden. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which had not been contested in 1908. There were 94 competitors from 15 nations, a large increase from the 9 fencers who had competed in 1904. The event was won by Nedo Nadi of Italy, the first of his two victories in the event. His countryman Pietro Speciale took silver, while Richard Verderber of Austria took bronze.

Richard Verderber
Richard Verderber (January 23, 1884 – September 8, 1955) was an Austrian fencer who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the Austrian sabre team, which won the silver medal. He won the bronze medal in the individual foil event.
Montreal Lake (Saskatchewan)
Montreal Lake is a lake in the north-central part of Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is the source of the Montreal River and is located between Highways 2 and 969. Prince Albert National Park is to the west and Clarence-Steepbank Lakes Provincial Park is to the east. Communities on the lake include Montreal Lake, Timber Bay, and Molanosa.

Montreal River (Saskatchewan)
Montreal River  is a river in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It flows 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Montreal Lake to Lac la Ronge and is part of the Churchill River and Hudson Bay drainage basins. Along its course, Montreal River runs through boreal forests, muskeg, and glacier formed valleys. Within its watershed are the Waskesiu Uplands, much of Prince Albert National Park, and several notable lakes, such as Waskesiu, Kingsmere, Crean, Weyakwin, and Bittern.
Wolfgang Voigt
Wolfgang Voigt (born 1961) is a German electronic music DJ and producer from Cologne, known for his output under various aliases, such as Gas. He signed on numerous record labels, including Warp, Harvest, Raster-Noton, Force Inc, Astral Industries and Kompakt. The latter was co-founded by Voigt alongside Michael Mayer and Jürgen Paape. He is considered one of the most influential minimal techno artists.

Gas (musician)
Gas (stylized as GAS or G A S) is the main musical project of German electronic musician and composer Wolfgang Voigt (born 1961). The project was created as an expressive medium inspired by his experiences with taking LSD in the Königsforst, a German forest situated near his hometown of Cologne, for long periods in his youth. He has claimed that the intention of the project is to "bring the forest to the disco, or vice-versa".
John Cahill (footballer)
John Cahill (born 27 April 1940) is a former Australian rules football player and coach. During his illustrious career he played football for Port Adelaide, and coached Port Adelaide, West Adelaide, South Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) and Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Port Adelaide in the Australian Football League (AFL).

The Port Adelaide Football Club honoured Cahill by naming the award for the club's best and fairest player the John Cahill Medal.

John Cahill Medal
The John Cahill Medal, named after the Port Adelaide Football Club's ten time premiership coach and inaugural AFL coach John Cahill, is awarded to the club player adjudged best and fairest for the season. The voting system as of the 2017 AFL season, consists of each member of the coaching committee giving each player a ranking from zero to five after each match.
Johnny Belinda (Shell Presents)
"Johnny Belinda" is a 1959 Australian television adaptation of the 1940 play by Elmer Harris which had been filmed in 1948. It was the first "live" one hour drama on commercial television in Australia.

It was shown live on 4 April 1959 in Sydney, recorded and shown later in Melbourne. Australian television drama was relatively rare at the time.

The play was the first episode of Shell Presents, a regular series of Australian dramas.

Johnny Belinda (play)
Johnny Belinda is a 1940 play by Elmer Blaney Harris, dealing with the then shocking subjects of rape, murder, bastardy, abuse of a deaf-mute, bigotry and gossip in a small community. It ran for 321 performances on Broadway from September 18, 1940 to June 21, 1941, and has been repeatedly adapted for film, radio, television, and as a musical. The sets for the original production were designed by Frederick Fox.
BWG Transit
BWG Transit is a public transit service managed by the town of Bradford West Gwillimbury in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is operated by Switzer-Carty Transportation. It functions as the local and lowest tier of public transit in the area, and connects to higher-order transit in the form of Simcoe County LINX, the county's regional inter-community bus service, as well as GO Transit train and bus service at the Bradford GO Station.

Bradford West Gwillimbury
Bradford West Gwillimbury is a town in south-central Ontario, Canada, in Simcoe County in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (but not the Greater Toronto Area) on the Holland River. West Gwillimbury takes its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe, née Gwillim.

The former Town of Bradford was amalgamated with portions of the former Townships of West Gwillimbury and Tecumseth to become the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury on January 1, 1991.
L'Entente Cordiale (photograph)
L'Entente Cordiale is a black-and-white photograph by English photographer Roger Fenton, taken in 1855. The picture was part of the large number taken by Fenton during the Crimean War, where he was one of the first war photographers.

Roger Fenton
Roger Fenton (28 March 1819 – 8 August 1869) was a British photographer, noted as one of the first war photographers.

Fenton was born into a Lancashire merchant family. After graduating from London with an arts degree, he became interested in painting. After seeing examples of the new technology of photography at the Great Exhibition in 1851, he became keenly interested in this new technique. Within a year, he began exhibiting his own photographs.

He became a leading British photographer and was instrumental in founding the Photographic Society (later the Royal Photographic Society). In 1854, he was commissioned to document events occurring in Crimea, where he became one of a small group of photographers to produce images of the final stages of the Crimean War.
Indiana Lyons
Indiana Lyons are a basketball team based in Danville, Indiana. The team has been a member of the American Basketball Association (ABA) since 2017.

In their sixth season, the Lyons captured the 2023 ABA championship, being declared co-champions with the Burning River Buckets.

American Basketball Association (2000–present)
The American Basketball Association (ABA) is an American semi-professional men's basketball minor league that was founded in 1999.

ABA teams are based in the United States, with one traveling team from Japan. The league previously had international teams based in Canada, China and Mexico. League management infamously maintains low requirements for franchise ownership, and hundreds of ABA teams have either folded or defected to rival leagues.

The league licenses its name and use of ABA trademarks from the National Basketball Association, which absorbed the American Basketball Association (1967–1976) during the ABA–NBA merger. The Women's American Basketball Association has operated as a sister league to the ABA since 2017.
Walker Canyon (Riverside County, California)
Walker Canyon is a canyon in the Temescal Mountains, in Riverside County, California.  It lies divides Alberhill Summit, on the west and the balance of the range to its east. Temescal Creek flows northward through the canyon from where it heads at 33°42′33″N 117°21′43″W﻿ / ﻿33.70917°N 117.36194°W﻿ / 33.70917; -117.36194 in Warm Springs Valley into the upper reach of the Temescal Valley near Alberhill, California.  Coming from the Temescal Mountains to the east, Gavilan Wash has its confluence with Walker Canyon near mid way along its length, and Alberhill Canyon has its confluence with Walker Canyon at its mouth.

Near Lake Elsinore, California, I-15 passes  between Temescal Valley and Warm Springs Valley through Walker Canyon on the east side of Temescal Creek.

Temescal Creek (Riverside County)
Temescal Creek (shown on federal maps as Temescal Wash) is an approximately 29-mile-long (47 km) watercourse in Riverside County, in the U.S. state of California. Flowing primarily in a northwestern direction, it connects Lake Elsinore with the Santa Ana River. It drains the eastern slopes of the Santa Ana Mountains on its left and on its right the western slopes of the Temescal Mountains along its length.  With a drainage basin of about 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2), it is the largest tributary of the Santa Ana River, hydrologically connecting the 720-square-mile (1,900 km2) San Jacinto River and Lake Elsinore watersheds to the rest of the Santa Ana watershed. However, flowing through an arid rain shadow zone of the Santa Ana Mountains, and with diversion of ground water for human use, the creek today is ephemeral for most of its length, except for runoff from housing developments and agricultural return flows.
Crysis Warhead
Crysis Warhead is a 2008 first-person shooter game developed by Crytek Budapest and published by Electronic Arts. Crysis Warhead is a stand-alone expansion game and does not require the installation of the original Crysis to play.

Crytek
Crytek GmbH is a German video game developer and software developer based in Frankfurt. Founded by the Yerli brothers in Coburg in 1999 and moved to Frankfurt in 2006, it operates additional studio in Kyiv, Ukraine and Istanbul, Turkey. Crytek is best known for developing the first entry of the Far Cry series, the Crysis series, and the open world nature of their games which showcase the company's CryEngine.

Crytek formerly had studios included Crytek Black Sea in Sofia, Bulgaria, Crytek UK in Nottingham, and Crytek USA in Austin, Texas. As of August 2024, Crytek is the largest game developer in Germany with 405 employees.
A Bigger Splash
A Bigger Splash is a large pop art painting by British artist David Hockney.  Measuring 242.5 centimetres (95.5 in) by 243.9 centimetres (96.0 in), it depicts a swimming pool beside a modern house, disturbed by a large splash of water created by an unseen figure who has apparently just jumped in from a diving board.  It was painted in California between April and June 1967, when Hockney was teaching at the University of California, Berkeley. Jack Hazan's fictionalised 1973 biopic, A Bigger Splash, concentrating on the breakup of Hockney's relationship with Peter Schlesinger, was named after the painting.

Luca Guadagnino's 2015 film A Bigger Splash (a loose remake of La Piscine) was also named after the painting.

A Bigger Splash (1973 film)
A Bigger Splash is a 1973 British biographical documentary film about David Hockney's lingering breakup with his then-partner Peter Schlesinger, from 1970 to 1973. Directed by Jack Hazan and edited by David Mingay, it has music by Patrick Gowers. Featuring many of Hockney's circle, it includes designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark, artist Patrick Procktor, gallery owner John Kasmin and museum curator Henry Geldzahler.
Andria
Andria (Italian: [ˈandrja] ⓘ; Barese: Iàndrie) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Apulia region of Southern Italy. It is an agricultural and service center, producing wine, olives and almonds. It is the fourth-largest municipality in the Apulia region (behind Bari, Taranto, and Foggia) and the largest municipality of the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani. It is known for the 13th-century Castel del Monte.

Barese dialect
Barese dialect (natively dialètte barése; Italian: dialetto barese) is an Italo-Romance dialect belonging to the "southern intermediate" group (or Neapolitan), spoken in the regions of Apulia and Basilicata. Influences include Messapian, Oscan, Greek, Spanish, Old French, Franco-Provençal and Arabic, creating one of the most distinct Italian dialects both phonetically and lexically.
Kulturen
Kulturen (Swedish: [kɵlˈtʉ̌ːrɛn]) is an open-air museum as well as a museum of cultural history in Lund, Sweden.  Occupying two blocks in central Lund, Kulturen is Sweden's and the world's second oldest open-air museum after Skansen in Stockholm.  It contains historic buildings, dating from the Middle Ages to the 1930s, set in gardens or cobblestone streets. The museum displays around 20 exhibitions with themes ranging from medieval archaeology to 20th century fashion. The museum collections include art and design, archaeology, photography, crafts, and ethnography. The Museum is managed by Kulturhistoriska föreningen för södra Sverige.

Lund
Lund (/lʊnd/, US also /lʌnd/ LU(U)ND; Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town had 94,393 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 130,288 as of 2023. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Scania County. The Öresund Region, which includes Lund, is home to more than 4.2 million people.

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built c. 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.

Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.
The Amazing Race 10
The Amazing Race 10 is the tenth season of the American reality competition show The Amazing Race. Hosted by Phil Keoghan, it featured 12 teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, competing in a race around the world. This season visited four continents and 13 countries, traveling approximately 40,000 miles (64,000 km) over 12 legs. Filming for this season took place between May 27 and June 24, 2006. Starting in Seattle, racers traveled through China, Mongolia, Vietnam, India, Kuwait, Mauritius, Madagascar, Finland, Ukraine, Morocco, Spain, and France before returning to the United States and finishing in the Hudson Valley. The season premiered on CBS on September 17, 2006, and concluded on December 10, 2006.

Professional models Tyler Denk and James Branaman were the winners of this season, while dating couple Rob Diaz and Kimberly Chabolla finished in second place, and single mothers Lyn Turk and Karlyn Harris finished in third place.

Mother Ukraine
Motherland (Ukrainian: Батьківщина-Мати, romanized: Bat’kivszchyna-Maty [bɐtʲkʲiu̯ˈʃtʃɪnɐ ˈmɑtɪ]) is a monumental Soviet-era statue in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. The sculpture is a part of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War. In 2023, the Soviet heraldry was removed from the monument's shield and replaced with Ukraine's coat of arms, the tryzub due to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Bilbrough
Bilbrough (/ˈbɪlbrə/) is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, 6 miles (10 km) south-west of York, and just outside the York city boundary. According to the 2001 Census it had a population of 319 increasing to 348 at the 2011 census.

The village was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Selby. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Selby District
Selby District was a local government district of North Yorkshire, England, from 1974 to 2023. Its council was based in the town of Selby. The district had a population of 83,449 at the 2011 Census. The southernmost district of North Yorkshire, it bordered the City of York unitary authority, the Borough of Harrogate in North Yorkshire, the City of Leeds and City of Wakefield districts in West Yorkshire, the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, and the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire.