hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mercier (provincial electoral district)
Mercier  (French pronunciation: [mɛʁsje] ⓘ) is a provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It consists of part of the Le Plateau-Mont-Royal borough of the city of Montreal.

It was created for the 1966 election from parts of Montréal-Mercier and Montréal–Saint-Louis electoral districts.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its territory was unchanged. In the change from the 2011 to the 2017 electoral map, the riding gained the remainder of the Mile End neighbourhood from Outremont.

It was named in honour of former Quebec Premier Honoré Mercier.

Montréal-Mercier
Montréal-Mercier (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʁeal mɛʁsje]) was a former provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

It was created for the 1923 election from part of Montréal-Dorion and Montréal-Laurier electoral districts.  Its final election was in 1962.  It disappeared in the 1966 election and its successor electoral district was Mercier.
Heinrich Tietze
Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze (August 31, 1880 – February 17, 1964) was an Austrian mathematician, famous for the Tietze extension theorem on functions from topological spaces to the real numbers.  He also developed the Tietze transformations for group presentations, and was the first to pose the group isomorphism problem. Tietze's graph is also named after him; it describes the boundaries of a subdivision of the Möbius strip into six mutually-adjacent regions, found by Tietze as part of an extension of the four color theorem to non-orientable surfaces.

Tietze transformations
In group theory, Tietze transformations are used to transform a given presentation of a group into another, often simpler presentation of the same group.  These transformations are named after Heinrich Tietze who introduced them in a paper in 1908.

A presentation is in terms of generators and relations; formally speaking the presentation is a pair of a set of named generators, and a set of words in the free group on the generators that are taken to be the relations. Tietze transformations are built up of elementary steps, each of which individually rather evidently takes the presentation to a presentation of an isomorphic group. These elementary steps may operate on generators or relations, and are of four kinds.
Pelléas et Mélisande (Fauré)
Pelléas et Mélisande, Op. 80 is a suite derived from incidental music by Gabriel Fauré for Maurice Maeterlinck's play of the same name. He was the first of four leading composers to write music inspired by Maeterlinck's drama. Debussy, Schoenberg and Sibelius followed in the first decade of the 20th century.

Fauré's music was written for the London production of Maeterlinck's play in 1898. To meet the tight deadline of the production, Fauré reused some earlier music from incomplete works and enlisted the help of his pupil Charles Koechlin, who orchestrated the music. Fauré later constructed a four-movement suite from the original theatre music, orchestrating the concert version himself.

Maurice Maeterlinck
Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count/Comte Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations". The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. He was a leading member of the group La Jeune Belgique, and his plays form an important part of the Symbolist movement. In later life, Maeterlinck faced credible accusations of plagiarism.
Lust in Phaze
Lust in Phaze is a 2002 'best of' compilation album composed of tracks recorded by the band Soul Coughing. The album title comes from a lyric in their song "Soft Serve", which does not appear on this album. The album is composed of, in order, six tracks from the LP Ruby Vroom, "Buddha Rhubarb Butter" from the Warner Bros. sampler album Trademark of Quality™, "Unmarked Helicopters" from the X-Files tribute album Songs in the Key of X, six tracks from Irresistible Bliss, four tracks from El Oso, and, from the UK single for "Super Bon Bon", a live version of "Casiotone Nation" and the Propellerheads' radio edit remix of "Super Bon Bon".

Soul Coughing
Soul Coughing is an American alternative rock band composed of vocalist/guitarist Mike Doughty (also known as M. Doughty), keyboardist/sampler Mark Degli Antoni, bassist Sebastian Steinberg, and drummer Yuval Gabay. They developed a devout fanbase and garnered largely positive response from critics. Steve Huey of AllMusic described the band as "One of the most unique cult bands of the '90s. Driven by frontman M. Doughty's stream-of-consciousness poetry, Soul Coughing's sound was a willfully idiosyncratic mix of improvisational jazz grooves, oddball samples, hip-hop, electronics, and noisy experimentalism". Doughty described the band's sound as "deep slacker jazz". The group broke up in 2000.

In June 2024, the group announced it would reunite for a United States tour in September and October of the same year. It made its first television appearance in decades on Jimmy Kimmel Live!.
BBC Radio 3
BBC Radio 3 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC. It replaced the BBC Third Programme in 1967 and broadcasts classical music and opera, with jazz, world music, drama, culture and the arts also featuring. The station has described itself as "the world's most significant commissioner of new music".

Through its New Generation Artists scheme, it promotes young musicians of all nationalities. The station broadcasts the BBC Proms concerts, live and in full, each summer in addition to performances by the BBC Orchestras and Singers. There are regular productions of both classic plays and newly commissioned drama.

Radio 3 won the Sony Radio Academy UK Station of the Year Gold Award for 2009 and was nominated again in 2011. According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 1.9 million with a listening share of 1.6% as of July 2025.

John Drummond (arts administrator)
Sir John Richard Gray Drummond CBE (25 November 1934 – 6 September 2006) was a British arts administrator who spent most of his career at the BBC. He was described by Rodney Milnes of Opera magazine 
as "one of the most formidable figures in the arts world of the UK for 40 years".
Yāska
Yāska (7th–5th century BCE) was an ancient Indian grammarian and Vedic linguist. Preceding Pāṇini (7th–4th century BCE), he is traditionally identified as the author of Nirukta, the discipline of "etymology" (explanation of words) within the Sanskrit grammatical tradition, and the Nighantu, the oldest proto-thesaurus in India. Nirukta is one of the six Vedāṅgas (limbs of the Veda) in Hinduism. Yaska is widely regarded as the precursive founder of the discipline of what would become etymology in both the East and the West.

Nighantu
Nighaṇṭu (Sanskrit: निघण्टु, IPA: [nɪɡʱɐɳʈʊ]) is a Sanskrit term for a traditional collection of words, grouped into thematic categories, often with brief annotations.  Such collections share characteristics with glossaries and thesauri, but are not true lexicons, such as the kośa of Sanskrit literature.  Particular collections are also called nighaṇṭava.

While a number of nighantavas devoted to specialized subjects exist, the eponymous Nighantu of the genre is an ancient collection, handed down from Vedic times.  It was the subject of the Nirukta, a commentary, together with a treatise on etymology, by Yaska.  Technically, Yaska's Nirukta should designate his commentary only, but traditionally the Nighantu has been understood to be included in it.
Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Works Catalogue), abbreviated TWV, is the numbering system identifying compositions by Georg Philipp Telemann, published by musicologist Martin Ruhnke.

The prefix TWV is generally followed by a genre number, a letter indicating the key (in some cases), and a work number. The genre number indicates the general type or medium of the work. A major key is in upper case, a minor key in lower case.  The second number is the work's number within the genre. For example, Telemann's Concerto polonois in B flat major for strings and basso continuo is TWV 43:B3. His Orchestral suite in D major is TWV 55:D18, and his Overture in G minor is TWV 55:g4.

Vocal works were catalogued in a similar way by Werner Menke in the Telemann-Vokalwerke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Vocal Works Catalogue), abbreviated TVWV. For example, Telemann's Johannes-Passion is TVWV 5:42. His Times of the Day cantata is TVWV 20:39.

Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen, BWV 145
Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen (I live, my heart, for your pleasure), BWV 145, is a five-movement church cantata on a libretto by Picander which Johann Sebastian Bach, as its composer, probably first performed in Leipzig on Easter Tuesday, 19 April 1729. As a seven-movement pasticcio, with one of the added movements composed by Georg Philipp Telemann, it is an Easter cantata known as So du mit deinem Munde bekennest Jesum (as it was published in the 19th century) or as Auf, mein Herz! (after the incipit of the pasticcio's first movement).

Ich lebe, mein Herze, zu deinem Ergötzen is one of less than a dozen extant cantatas and fragments of what is known as Bach's Picander cycle, or his fourth cantata cycle. According to the first publication of the cycle's librettos, this cycle ran from 24 June 1728 (Feast of John the Baptist) to the fourth Sunday after Trinity, 10 July 1729.
Manfredino di Alberto
Manfredino di Alberto, also known as Manfredino d'Alberto or Manfredino da Pistoia was an Italian painters active during the 13th-century in Pistoia and Genoa.

He is said to have been born in Pistoia. In 1242, he painted frescoes, depicting Magdalen in the House of the Pharisee and St Michael Defeats the Devil for the apse of San Michele in Genoa. The church, suppressed in 1849, had the frescoes transported to the Academy of Fine Arts in Genoa.

Putatively in 1291, Manfrediano painted for a since-destroyed chapel in the Cathedral of Pistoia. He also painted Christ Pantocrator with Angels for the church of San Bartolomeo in Pantano, Pistoia and an Ascension for the church of Santa Maria a Ripalta in Pistoia.

San Bartolomeo in Pantano
San Bartolomeo in Pantano is a Romanesque and Gothic style, Roman Catholic church in Pistoia, Tuscany, central Italy, dedicated to St. Bartholomew the Apostle. The pantano of the name refers to the once marshy area in which the building was located.
Beneteau Oceanis 35.1
The Beneteau Oceanis 35.1 is a French sailboat that was designed by Group Finot/Conq, with an interior by Nauta Design, as a cruiser and first built in 2017.

The Beneteau Oceanis 35.1 is a development of the Beneteau Oceanis 35.

Group Finot
Group Finot is a French boat design company based in Jouy-en-Josas. Founded by Jean-Marie Finot, the company specializes in the design of fiberglass sailboats.

The company also collaborates with designer Pascal Conq as Groupe Finot - Conq, based in Vannes, France.
L'Oie de Cravan
L’Oie de Cravan or The Goose of Cravan is a Canadian publishing house based in Montreal, Quebec that specializes in poetry. It was founded in January 1992 by  poet and writer Benoît Chaput. The name is seen as a tribute to the poet-boxer Arthur Cravan.

The poets published by L’Oie de Cravan are often influenced by the surrealist movement. L’Oie de Cravan also publishes the work of cartoonists and illustrators, such as Simon Bossé, Geneviève Castrée, Julie Doucet and Diane Obomsawin. It has also published the writings of people associated with the music world, such as critic Byron Coley, folk singer Michael Hurley and punk rock icon Mike Watt.

Julie Doucet
Julie Doucet (born December 31, 1965) is a Canadian underground cartoonist and artist, best known for her autobiographical works such as Dirty Plotte and My New York Diary. Her work is concerned with such topics as "sex, violence, menstruation and male/female issues."
Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae (/mərˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All species are woody, contain essential oils, and have flower parts in multiples of four or five. The leaves are evergreen, alternate to mostly opposite, simple, and usually entire (i.e., without a toothed margin). The flowers have a base number of five petals, though in several genera, the petals are minute or absent. The stamens are usually very conspicuous, brightly coloured, and numerous.

Clove
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/). They are native to the Maluku Islands, or Moluccas, in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring, or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics. Cloves are available throughout the year owing to different harvest seasons across various countries.
Software sizing
Software sizing or software size estimation is an activity in software engineering that is used to determine or estimate the size of a software application or component in order to be able to implement other software project management activities (such as estimating or tracking). Size is an inherent characteristic of a piece of software just like weight is an inherent characteristic of a tangible material.

IFPUG
The International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) is a US-based organization with worldwide chapters of function point analysis metric software users. It is a non-profit, member-governed organization founded in 1986.

IFPUG owns Function Point Analysis (FPA) as defined in ISO 20296 which specifies the definitions, rules and steps for applying the IFPUG's functional size measurement (FSM) method. FPA can be traced to the work of Allan Albrecht of IBM who pioneered functional sizing in 1979 which derived a functional size of product value distinct and disassociated from lines of code, technology, or software language.
Calliope hummingbird
The calliope hummingbird (/kəˈlaɪ.əpi/ kə-LY-ə-pee; Selasphorus calliope) is the smallest bird native to the United States and Canada. It has a western breeding range mainly from California to British Columbia, and migrates to the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America for its wintering grounds. The calliope hummingbird is the smallest known long-distance bird migrant, completing  migrations twice per year of some 9,000 km (5,600 mi).

It was previously considered the only member of the genus Stellula (meaning little star), but research evidence suggests its existing placement in the genus Selasphorus. The bird was named after the Greek muse Calliope.

Calliope
In Greek mythology, Calliope (/kəˈlaɪ.əpi/ kə-LY-ə-pee; Ancient Greek: Καλλιόπη, romanized: Kalliópē, lit. 'beautiful-voiced') is the Muse who presides over eloquence and epic poetry, so called from the ecstatic harmony of her voice. Hesiod and Ovid called her the "Chief of all Muses".
Richmond Vale railway line
The Richmond Vale Railway was a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) colliery railway line in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales, Australia, servicing coal mines at Minmi, Stockrington, Pelaw Main and Richmond Main. It was over 26 km (16 mi) long and passed through three tunnels, and was the last commercially operated railway in Australia to use steam locomotives.

Richmond Main Colliery
Richmond Main Colliery is a heritage-listed former coal mine and now open-air museum at South Maitland Coalfields, Kurri Kurri, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by the staff at J & A Brown's Engineering Workshops at Hexham under the direction of John Brown and built from 1908 to 1913 by J & A Brown. The site now operates as the Richmond Main Heritage Park, including the Richmond Vale Railway Museum and Richmond Main Mining Museum. The property is owned by Cessnock City Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Jimmy Wright (actor)
Jimmy Wright was an American stage and film actor. A member of the all-black cast of the Voodoo Macbeth production directed by Orson Welles in 1936, Wright went on to star as 'Dollar Bill' Burton in Souls of Sin, a 1949 feature directed by Powell Lindsay and produced by William D. Alexander that has been described as the last race film from a black producer. In 1980, credited as "Jim Wright," he played Father Brown in Personal Problems, a "meta soap opera" directed by Bill Gunn and written by Ishmael Reed, but died between production of the first and second episodes.

Souls of Sin
Souls of Sin is a 1949 American race film written and directed by Powell Lindsay, and produced by William D. Alexander.

One of the last of its kind, Souls of Sin has been described as a landmark film of the genre. Generally regarded as the last all-black film with a black producer, it was producer Alexander's final feature before his move to London, where he began making documentaries (he produced one further film with The Klansman in the 1970s).
Klaus Hottinger
Klaus Hottinger (died 9 March 1524) was a Swiss shoemaker born in Zollikon. A disciple of Zwingli, he took part in the famous "Affair of the Sausages" of 1522 which marked the public beginning of the Reformation in Switzerland. In 1523, he overthrew a wooden crucifix at Stadelhofen on the outskirts of Zurich. He was as a consequence banished from the canton in November 1523. He was executed in Lucerne on 9 March 1524, despite Zurich's effort to intervene on his behalf, and thus became the first martyr of the Swiss Protestant movement.

Affair of the Sausages
The Affair of the Sausages (1522) was the event that sparked the Reformation in Zürich. Huldrych Zwingli, pastor of Grossmünster in Zurich, Switzerland, spearheaded the event by publicly speaking in favor of eating sausage during the Lenten fast. Zwingli defended this action in a sermon called Von Erkiesen und Freiheit der Speisen (Regarding the Choice and Freedom of Foods), in which he argued, from the basis of Martin Luther's doctrine of sola scriptura, that "Christians are free to fast or not to fast because the Bible does not prohibit the eating of meat during Lent."
Miller Woods
Miller Woods is a western unit of Indiana Dunes National Park in the lakefront community of Miller Beach, Indiana.  Miller Woods is home to the federally endangered Karner Blue butterfly and the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle.  Miller Woods is also the only part of the National Park that also adjoins the Grand Calumet River.

The northern part of Miller Woods adjoins Lake Michigan, and includes foredunes and high dunes, as well as blowouts and pannes.  The southern and larger part of Miller Woods consists of rolling ridge and swale, with beach ridges dominated by oak savanna. This southern part is also traversed by current and former rail lines.  The northern and southern parts are divided by the Grand Calumet River, including the westernmost of the three lagoons that mark the river's modern-day headwaters and former mouth.

Ridge and swale
Ridge and swale, or in dunal areas dune and swale, is a landform consisting of regular, parallel ridges alternating with marshy depressions.  Ridge-and-swale landscapes are most commonly formed by the gradual movement of a beach, for example as a result of gradually fluctuating water levels, or the shifting meanders of a river.  In the river context, ridge-and-swale landscapes are commonly formed by scroll bars.  They are also found along ocean coasts, for example on the Outer Banks of North Carolina.
Lesley Goldie
Lesley Goldie is a British actress of the early to mid-1970s, especially and better known for her appearances on The Benny Hill Show as guest star.

Her works also include appearances with Mike & Bernie Winters, Frankie Howerd, Des O'Connor and Jimmy Tarbuck; such television programs as Bless This House, Bachelor Father, Father, Dear Father and Tales of the Unexpected (on the last of which she had a small role in a 1981 episode, her last known acting role to date); the 1973 film version of Love Thy Neighbour; and appearances on the London stage including Suddenly at Home (as Maggie Howard, in 1972-73) and The Gay Lord Quex (in 1975, directed by John Gielgud and also co-starring Dame Judi Dench and Siân Phillips).

Love Thy Neighbour (1973 film)
Love Thy Neighbour is a 1973 British comedy film directed by John Robins and starring Jack Smethurst,  Rudolph Walker, Kate Williams and Nina Baden-Semper. It was a spin-off from the television series Love Thy Neighbour (1972–76).

It included the last film appearance of James Beck.
Forum (journal)
Forum: International Journal of Interpretation and Translation is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering translation studies. It was established in 2003 by Marianne Lederer and Choi Jungwha  and is published by John Benjamins.

Marianne Lederer
Marianne Lederer (born 1934) is a French translation scholar. Lederer further developed the Interpretive Theory of Translation together with Danica Seleskovitch, who first proposed the theory. Lederer also published several works on translation and interpreting pedagogy. Her works have greatly influenced interpreting and translation research and teaching internationally.
1986 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1986 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps on 25 May 1986. It was the fifth race of the 1986 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race was the 44th Belgian Grand Prix and the 32nd to be held at Spa-Francorchamps. It was held over 43 laps of the 7-kilometre (4.35 mi) circuit for a total race distance of 301 kilometres (187 mi).

The race was won by British driver Nigel Mansell, driving a Williams-Honda. It was Mansell's first victory of the season. Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna finished second in a Lotus-Renault, with Sweden's Stefan Johansson third in a Ferrari. Senna's result allowed him to take the lead of the Drivers' Championship from Frenchman Alain Prost, who could only manage sixth in his McLaren-TAG.

Ferrari F1/86
The Ferrari F1/86 was the car with which Scuderia Ferrari competed in the 1986 Formula One World Championship. The car was designed by Harvey Postlethwaite, who had also designed its predecessor, the 156/85. It was driven by Italian Michele Alboreto and Swede Stefan Johansson. The car was very uncompetitive, despite the engine being regarded as one of the strongest on the grid. It was replaced by the Ferrari F1/87 for 1987.
Pastor bonus
Pastor bonus (Latin for 'The Good Shepherd') is an apostolic constitution promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 28 June 1988. It instituted a number of reforms in the process of running the central government of the Catholic Church.

The document's article 1 defines the Roman Curia as dicasteries and institutes supporting the Roman Pontiff "in the exercise of his supreme pastoral office" on behalf of the whole Church, including both the Latin and Eastern Catholic Churches.

It was abrogated and replaced by Praedicate evangelium (released on 19 March 2022 under Pope Francis) when it became effective on 5 June 2022.

Secretariat of State (Holy See)
The Secretariat of State (Latin: Secretaria Status; Italian: Segreteria di Stato) is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the central papal governing bureaucracy of the Catholic Church. It is headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State and performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See. The Secretariat is divided into three sections: the Section for General Affairs, the Section for Relations with States, and, since 2017, the Section for Diplomatic Staff.