hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kamal Ruhayyim
Kamal Ruhayyim (1947 – 29 September 2023) was an Egyptian writer. He obtained a doctorate in law from Cairo University, before pursuing a career in law enforcement (police and Interpol). As an author, he is best known for the Galal trilogy, which consist of Diary of a Jewish Muslim, Days in the Diaspora and Menorahs and Minarets. All three books have been translated by Sarah Enany and published by AUC Press. Ruhayyim died on 29 September 2023, at the age of 76.

Menorahs and Minarets
Menorahs and Minarets: A Novel is a 2017 book by Egyptian author Kamal Ruhayyim.

It constitutes the third part of the "Galal trilogy", dealing with the life of Galal, an Egyptian man with a Muslim father and a Jewish mother. After residing a decade in Paris, he returns to Cairo in the 1970s, where he faces the fact that he no longer belongs to his old Egyptian home.

This book was translated into English by Sarah Enany and published by AUC Press.
Ubi panis ibi patria
Ubi panis ibi patria is a Latin expression meaning "Where there is bread, there is (my) country" (or home, or homeland). According to J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur in "What is an American", the third of his Letters from an American Farmer, this is the motto of all European immigrants to the United States. It is not clear whether the phrase originates in Crèvecœur's writings or somebody else's.

In any case, it is reminiscent in its form of another motto that may have served as a model, Ubi bene ibi patria ("Homeland is where it (life) is good"; lit. where good, there fatherland). This latter expression in turn reminds of a verse (Teucer, fr. 291) of the Roman tragic poet Marcus Pacuvius (ca. 220–130 BC) quoted by Cicero (106–43 BC): Patria est ubicumque est bene (45 BC, Tusculanae Disputationes V, 108). Jean-Jacques Rousseau also alludes to this motto in his 1772 Considerations on the Government of Poland.

J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur
Michel Guillaume Jean de Crèvecœur (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl ɡijom ʒɑ̃ də kʁɛvkœʁ]; December 31, 1735 – November 12, 1813), naturalized in New York as John Hector St. John, was a French-American writer, diplomat, and farmer.
Earl of Cambridge
The title of Earl of Cambridge was created several times in the Peerage of England, and since 1362 the title has been closely associated with the Royal family  (see also Duke of Cambridge, Marquess of Cambridge).

The first Earl of the fourth creation, the Marquess of Hamilton, was at the time sixth in line to the Crown of Scotland (after the Duke of Rothesay, later King Charles I, his sister Elizabeth and her children); his grandfather Lord Arran had been heir-presumptive to, and Regent for, Mary, Queen of Scots.

The Duke of Hamilton currently holds the title Earl of Arran and Cambridge in the Peerage of Scotland, which is not related to this earldom. From 1664, the title Duke of Cambridge superseded that of the Earl of Cambridge.

Earl
Earl (/ɜːrl, ɜːrəl/) is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of earl never developed; instead, countess is used.

The title originates in the Old English word eorl, meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form jarl. After the Norman Conquest, it became the equivalent of the continental count. In Scotland, it assimilated the concept of mormaer. Since the 1960s, earldoms have typically been created only for members of the royal family. The last non-royal earldom, Earl of Stockton, was created in 1984 for Harold Macmillan, prime minister from 1957 to 1963.

Alternative names for the rank equivalent to "earl" or "count" in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as the hakushaku (伯爵) of the post-restoration Japanese Imperial era.
James J. Greco
James Joseph Greco (born January 4, 1958) is an American businessman. He is the chief executive officer of Tijuana Flats. He has held numerous executive positions in the foodservice industry, as well as various directorships.

Tijuana Flats
Tijuana Flats Tex-Mex is a privately held American restaurant chain serving Tex-Mex cuisine. It has over 91 locations (65 company owned and 26 franchised) throughout Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, North Carolina and Kentucky.

The restaurant was founded in Winter Park, Florida, in 1995 by University of Central Florida graduate Brian Wheeler with US$20,000 in loans. The company had 18 locations before expanding out-of-state in 2004.
Old County Ground
The Old County Ground was a first-class cricket ground, located in West Malling, Kent. Known under various names throughout its existence, the ground hosted 14 first-class matches between 1836 and 1890.

West Malling
West Malling (/ˈmɔːlɪŋ/ MAW-ling, historically Town Malling) is a market town in the Tonbridge and Malling district of Kent, England. It has a population of 2,590.

The name Malling derives from the Old English meallaingas meaning 'Mealla's people'.
Love & Debate
Love & Debate  is a drama/romance film directed by Jessica Kavana Dornbusch, and released in 2006 based on decisions everyday teenage girls have to make.

It is a story of a young girl who has become the star in the debate club in her high school. 
Her love for debate was ultimately inspired by watching politicians on television. 
Her main role-model is Hillary Clinton (before the 2008 elections) and so she follows her foot-steps by joining the Harvard Debate Team.

Sendhil Ramamurthy
Sendhil Amithab Ramamurthy (born May 17, 1974) is an Indian-American actor. He is best known for his roles as geneticist Mohinder Suresh in the NBC sci-fi drama Heroes (2006–2010), Jai Wilcox in Covert Affairs (2010–2012), Gabriel "Gabe" Lowan in Beauty and the Beast (2013–2014), and Mohan in Never Have I Ever (2020).
Black-billed brushturkey
The black-billed brushturkey, yellow-legged brushturkey or black-billed talegalla (Talegalla fuscirostris) is a species of bird in the family Megapodiidae. It is found in the Aru Islands and New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

Anatomy of the black-billed brushturkey

Megapode
The megapodes, also known as incubator birds or mound-builders, are stocky, medium-large, chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet in the family Megapodiidae. Their name literally means "large foot" and is a reference to the heavy legs and feet typical of these terrestrial birds. All are browsers, and all except the malleefowl occupy wooded habitats. Most are brown or black in color. Megapodes are superprecocial, hatching from their eggs in the most mature condition of any bird. They hatch with open eyes, bodily coordination and strength, full wing feathers, and downy body feathers, and are able to run, pursue prey and, in some species, fly on the day they hatch.
Bobby Sands
Robert Gerard Sands (Irish: Roibeárd Gearóid Ó Seachnasaigh; 9 March 1954 – 5 May 1981) was a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Prison Maze in Northern Ireland. Sands helped to plan the 1976 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing in Dunmurry, which was followed by a gun battle with the Royal Ulster Constabulary. Sands was arrested while trying to escape and sentenced to 14 years for firearms possession.

He was the leader of the 1981 hunger strike in which Irish republican prisoners protested against the removal of Special Category Status. During Sands's strike, he was elected to the UK Parliament as an Anti H-Block candidate. His death and those of nine hunger strikers were followed by a surge of IRA recruitment and activity. International media coverage brought attention to the hunger strikers, and the republican movement in general, attracting both praise and criticism.

Dunmurry
Dunmurry (/dʌnˈmʌri/; from Irish  Dún Muirígh 'Murry's stronghold') is a suburban town and townland near Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) south-west of Belfast city centre. Dunmurry is in the Collin electoral ward for the local government district of Belfast City Council.
1911 Los Angeles mayoral election
The 1911 Los Angeles mayoral election took place on October 31, 1911, with a run-off election on December 5, 1911. Incumbent George Alexander was re-elected for a second full term against Job Harriman.

Municipal elections in California, including Mayor of Los Angeles, are officially nonpartisan; candidates' party affiliations do not appear on the ballot.

Los Angeles Times bombing
On October 1, 1910, union members belonging to the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers (IW) detonated explosives they placed in the Los Angeles Times Building in Los Angeles, California, starting a fire that killed 21 people and injured more than 100 others. It was termed the "crime of the century" by the Los Angeles Times newspaper, which occupied the building.

Brothers John J. ("J.J.") and James Barnabas ("J.B.") McNamara were arrested in April 1911 on suspicion of perpetrating the bombing. At the time of their trial, the pair became a cause célèbre for the American labor movement. J.B. eventually admitted to setting the explosive, and was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. J.J. was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for bombing a local iron manufacturing plant, and later returned to the IW as an organizer.

The Times bombing remains both one of the deadliest criminal acts in U.S. history and the deadliest crime to go to trial in California.
Margaret Curran
Margaret Patricia Curran, Baroness Curran (born 24 November 1958), is a Scottish Labour Party politician. She served in the House of Commons as the member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow East from 2010 and 2015, and was Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland from 2011 until 2015.

Curran was previously the member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Baillieston from 1999 to 2011, and held a number of posts within the Scottish Executive, including as Minister for Parliamentary Business, Minister for Social Justice, and Minister for Communities. She also served as Minister of State in the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero from May to June 2025.

Glasgow Baillieston (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Baillieston was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). It elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. The seat was represented by Labour's Margaret Curran from the inception of the Scottish Parliament in 1999 until her retirement in 2011.

For the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, the constituency was abolished. The Baillieston electoral ward was divided between Provan and Shettleston seats.
Revue indépendante
Revue indépendante is a French symbolist journal. The journal was founded in 1841 by George Sand, Pierre Leroux, and Louis Viardot, and is notable for having published such novels as Les Lauriers sont coupés (1887) by Édouard Dujardin, En rade (1886–1887) by Joris-Karl Huysmans, and Consuelo (1842–1843) by George Sand. The magazine is based in Paris. In 1947, it became the official magazine of the Union of Journalists and Writers. Its editor-in-chief is Christian Grégoire. In March 2014, Revue indépendante went online.

Édouard Dujardin
Édouard Dujardin (French pronunciation: [edwaʁ dyʒaʁdɛ̃]; 10 November 1861 – 31 October 1949) was a French writer, one of the early users of the stream of consciousness literary technique, exemplified by his 1888 novel Les Lauriers sont coupés.
A Pattern Language
A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction is a 1977 book on architecture, urban design, and community livability.  It was authored by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein of the Center for Environmental Structure of Berkeley, California, with writing credits also to Max Jacobson, Ingrid Fiksdahl-King and Shlomo Angel. Decades after its publication, it is still one of the best-selling books on architecture.

The book creates a new language, what the authors call a pattern language derived from timeless entities called patterns. As they write on page xxxv of the introduction, "All 253 patterns together form a language." Patterns describe a problem and then offer a solution. In doing so the authors intend to give ordinary people, not only professionals, a way to work with their neighbors to improve a town or neighborhood, design a house for themselves or work with colleagues to design an office, workshop, or public building such as a school.

Murray Silverstein
Murray Silverstein (born September 19, 1943) co-authored the books A Pattern Language and The Oregon Experiment. At that time, he taught architecture courses at the University of California, and subsequently taught at the University of Washington. He had also written several articles on pattern languages. As a young designer, he worked for noted California architect Richard Neutra.

In 2006, a collection of his poetry entitled "Any Old Wolf" was published by Sixteen Rivers Press.
Dennis Elliott
Dennis Leslie Elliott (born 18 August 1950) is a British musician and artist who was the original drummer for the rock band Foreigner. He played with the band from 1976 until leaving between 1991 and 1993. He went on to become a sculptor.

Ian Hunter (album)
Ian Hunter is the first solo studio album by English singer-songwriter Ian Hunter, recorded following his departure from Mott the Hoople. Released in 1975, it is also the first of many solo albums on which he collaborated with Mick Ronson. The bassist, Geoff Appleby, was from Hull like Mick Ronson, and they had played together in The Rats in the late 1960s. The track "It Ain't Easy When You Fall/Shades Off" contains the only recorded example of Hunter reading his own poetry.

The single "Once Bitten, Twice Shy" would be his first and last Top 20 hit in the UK Singles Chart. The pop-metal band Great White later covered  the song on their 1989 album ...Twice Shy.

"Who Do You Love" and "3,000 Miles from Here" were covered by Joe Elliott's Down 'n' Outz on their 2010 album My ReGeneration. Also, Def Leppard covered "Who Do You Love" on their 1999 single "Goodbye" as a B-side. "Who Do You Love" was also covered by the Pointer Sisters on their 1979 album, Priority.
Carcase for Hounds
Carcase for Hounds is a novel by Kenyan writer Meja Mwangi first published in 1974. The novel concerns the Mau Mau liberation struggle during the latter days of British colonial rule and attempts, by the actions of the main protagonists, to show how Mau Mau was organized and why it took so long for the colonial government to defeat them. Carcase for Hounds received mixed reviews. The novel was also adapted into a movie by Ola Balogun, Cry Freedom (1981; not to be confused with the more famous 1987 film of the same name).

Meja Mwangi
David Dominic Mwangi (27 December 1948 – 11 December 2025), known by his pen name, Meja Mwangi, was a Kenyan writer. Apart from writing books, he worked in the film industry, including in screenwriting, assistant directing, and casting.
ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics
ISO/TC 211 is a standard technical committee formed within ISO, tasked with covering the areas of digital geographic information (such as used by geographic information systems) and geomatics. It is responsible for preparation of a series of International Standards and Technical Specifications numbered in the number range starting at ISO-19101. The Chair of the committee was 1994-2016: Olaf Østensen; during 2017-2018: Christina Wasström; and from 2019 Agneta Gren Engberg.

Geographic data and information
Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information, georeferenced data and information, as well as geodata and geoinformation.

Geographic data and information is stored in geographic databases and geographic information systems (GIS).
There are many different formats of geodata, including vector files, raster files, web files, and multi-temporal data.

Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.
Sri Lanka Freedom Party
The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, romanised: Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; Tamil: இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, romanised: Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Kaṭci) is a centre-left political party in Sri Lanka. Founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike in 1951, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties from the 1950s to the 2010s, serving as the main rival of the centre-right United National Party. Following a split in the late 2010s and subsequent electoral losses, the influence of the party has since diminished.

The party is generally considered as having a democratic socialist or progressive economic agenda and is often associated with Sinhalese nationalist parties. The party follows a non-aligned foreign policy but has historically had close ties to socialist nations.

Anura Bandaranaike
Anura Bandaranaike (15 February 1949 – 16 March 2008) was a Sri Lankan politician, who served as Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (2000–2001) and Leader of the Opposition (1983–1988). He held several cabinet ministries: as Foreign Minister briefly in 2005, Minister of Higher Education (1993–1994), Minister of Tourism (April 2004 – January 2007), and Minister of National Heritage (2007). He last served as a member of parliament from the opposition.
Bore Track
The Bore Track is a 4WD track in South Australia roughly following the Queensland border from Cameron Corner to Innamincka. It is a narrow, rarely used, scenic alternative to the Strzelecki Track, passing through sand dunes and clay pans of the Strzelecki Desert. It is a good preparation for the longer traverse of the Simpson Desert. There are gas fields, pipelines and bores for which the track is the historic access and after which it is named.

Strzelecki Desert
The Strzelecki Desert (/strəˈzɛlɪki/ strə-ZEL-ih-kee; Polish: [stʂɛˈlɛt͡skʲi]) is located in the Far North Region of South Australia, South West Queensland and western New South Wales. It is positioned in the northeast of the Lake Eyre Basin, and north of the Flinders Ranges. Two other deserts occupy the Lake Eyre Basin—the Tirari Desert and the Simpson Desert.
Zhang Xianzhong
Zhang Xianzhong (張獻忠 or Chang Hsien-chung; 18 September 1606 – 2 January 1647), courtesy name Bingwu (秉吾), art name Jingxuan (敬軒), was a Chinese peasant leader who led a peasant rebellion from Yan'an wei, Shaanxi (today Yulin, Shaanxi province) during the Ming-Qing transition. He conquered Sichuan in 1644, and named himself king and later emperor of the Xi dynasty. His rule in Sichuan was brief, and he was killed by the invading Qing army. He is commonly associated with the massacres in Sichuan that depopulated the region. However, the extent of his killings is disputed.

Late Ming peasant rebellions
The late Ming peasant rebellions (Chinese: 明末民變) were a series of peasant revolts during the last decades of the Ming dynasty lasting from 1628 to 1644. They were primarily caused by natural disasters in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Henan. The rebels also composed from the followers of Xu Hongru, the leader of the White Lotus Societies who has been executed in 1622.

At the same time, the She-An Rebellion and Later Jin incursions forced the Ming government to cut funding for the postal service, which resulted in the mass unemployment of men in the provinces hit hard by natural disasters. Unable to cope with three major crises at the same time, the Ming dynasty collapsed in 1644.
Itamar Even-Zohar
Itamar Even-Zohar (Hebrew: איתמר אבן-זהר; born 1939)  is an Israeli culture researcher and professor at Tel Aviv University. Even-Zohar is a pioneer of polysystem theory and the theory of cultural repertoires.

Polysystem theory
The polysystem theory, a theory in translation studies, implies using polyvalent factors as an instrument for explaining the complexity of culture within a single community and between communities. Analyzing sets of relations in literature and language, it gradually shifted towards a more complex analysis of socio-cultural systems.

The polysystem theory has been embraced by students of literature and culture all over the world, and has particularly gained attention in the field of Scandinavian studies.

Its foremost advocate is the Israeli linguist Itamar Even-Zohar. The American scholar Edwin Gentzler is another important contributor to this viewpoint.
Grittleton
Grittleton is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England,  6 miles (10 km) northwest of Chippenham.  The parish includes the hamlets of Foscote, Leigh Delamere, Littleton Drew and Sevington, and part of the hamlet of The Gibb.

The Gauze Brook, a small tributary of the Avon, rises near Littleton Drew and flows east across the parish. The M4 motorway was opened in 1971 across the south of the parish, passing close to The Gibb, Foscote, Sevington and Leigh Delamere.

Gauze Brook
The Gauze Brook is a stream in South West England, which rises near the village of Littleton Drew in Wiltshire and flows in a northeasterly direction for approximately 9.1 miles (15 km) before joining the Bristol Avon near the village of Little Somerford.
Walker Racing
Walker Racing was a racing team founded by Derrick Walker in 1991 racing originally in the CART Championship Car series. It last competed in the United SportsCar Championship under the name of Team Falken Tire until Falken Tire pulled out of not only the series but the team in general at the conclusion of the 2015 United SportsCar Championship season.

Mike Groff
Michael Dennis Groff (born November 16, 1961, in Van Nuys, California) is a former race car driver who competed in CART and the IRL IndyCar Series and was the 1989 Indy Lights champion. His younger brother Robbie was also a CART and IRL driver from 1994 to 1998.
Robert Miller (Irish bishop)
Robert Miller (1866–1931) was a Church of Ireland bishop in the first half of the 20th century.

Miller was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained for Christ Church Derry in 1892.  He was Rector of Donegal from 1894 to 1900. After a further incumbency at Raphoe he was Secretary of the Incorporated Society for Promoting Protestant Schools in Ireland until 1916.

He was Dean of Waterford from then until 1919, when he became Bishop of Cashel, Emly, Waterford and Lismore-   a post he held until his death on 13 March 1931.

He accompanied the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin John Gregg and Protestant businessman Sir William Goulding "to see Michael Collins in May 1922, following the murders of thirteen Protestants in the Bandon valley, to ask whether the Protestant minority should stay on. Collins 'assured them that the government would maintain civil and religious liberty'."

Sir William Goulding, 1st Baronet
Sir William Joshua Goulding, 1st Baronet (7 March 1856 – 12 July 1925) was an Anglo-Irish business magnate, Irish unionist politician and rugby player. He was a member of the short-lived Senate of Southern Ireland.
Izu Province
Izu Province (伊豆国, Izu no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [i.(d)zɯ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area now part of Shizuoka Prefecture and Tokyo.  Izu bordered on Sagami and Suruga Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Zushū (豆州).

The mainland portion of Izu Province, comprising the Izu Peninsula, is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture and the Izu Islands are now part of Tokyo.

Tagata District, Shizuoka
Tagata District (田方郡, Tagata-gun) is a rural district located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of July 2012, the district has an estimated population of 38,332 and a population density of 589 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,530/sq mi). The total area is 65.13 square kilometres (25.15 square miles). The district's administrative centre is the city hall at Mishima City.