hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friends of God
The Friends of God (German: Gottesfreunde; also gotesvriunde) was a medieval mystical group of both ecclesiastical and lay persons within the Catholic Church (though it nearly became a separate sect) and a center of German mysticism. It was founded between 1339 and 1343 during the Avignon Papacy, a time of great turmoil for the Catholic Church. The Friends of God were originally centered in Basel, Switzerland and were also fairly important in Strasbourg and Cologne. Some late-nineteenth century writers made large claims for the movement, seeing it both as influential in fourteenth-century mysticism and as a precursor of the Protestant Reformation. Modern studies of the movement have emphasised the derivative and often second-rate character of its mystical literature, and its limited impact on medieval literature in Germany. Some of the movement's ideas still prefigured the Protestant reformation.

Henry of Nördlingen
Henry of Nördlingen (German: Heinrich von Nördlingen) was a German Catholic priest from Bavaria, who lived in the 14th century, his date of death being unknown. He was the spiritual adviser of Margaretha Ebner (died 1351), the mystic nun of Medingen.
Schwendt
Schwendt is a municipality in the Kitzbühel district in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 17 km north of Kitzbühel and 6 km below Kössen.

The name of the village comes from the old word "schwenden" (meaning to grub-up).

Agriculture and tourism are its main sources of income.

Kitzbühel District
The Bezirk Kitzbühel is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the Kufstein and Schwaz districts in the west, and the Pinzgau region (Salzburg) in the east and south.

Area of the district is 1,163.06 km2, population was 61,966 (January 1, 2012), and population density 53 persons per km2. Administrative center of the district is Kitzbühel.
International Enterprise Singapore
International Enterprise Singapore (IE Singapore) was a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the Government of Singapore. It facilitated the growth of Singapore-based companies overseas and promoted international trade. On 1 April 2018, IE Singapore merged with SPRING Singapore to form Enterprise Singapore.

Statutory boards of the Government of Singapore
The statutory boards of the Government of Singapore are autonomous organisations that have been tasked to perform an operational function by legal statutes passed as Acts in the Parliament of Singapore. The statutes define the purpose, rights and powers of each authority. These organisations would usually subsequently report to one specific ministry. This list includes both current and new statutory boards formed.

Singapore is a country known for its highly efficient and centralised government system largely due to these statutory boards. They play a significant role in the development and implementation of policies and programs in various sectors of the country.

These boards are responsible for providing essential services and regulating key industries, with the goal of ensuring the welfare and well-being of Singaporeans. The highly centralized and efficient system of statutory boards has contributed to Singapore's success as a modern and prosperous nation.
Far-Seer
Far-Seer is a novel written by Canadian science fiction author, Robert J. Sawyer. It is the first book of the Quintaglio Ascension Trilogy, and is followed by two sequels: Fossil Hunter  and Foreigner. The book depicts an Earth-like world on a moon which orbits a gas giant, inhabited by a species of highly evolved, sentient Tyrannosaurs called Quintaglios, among various other creatures from the late Cretaceous period. Originally published in 1992 by Ace Science Fiction, it won the Homer award for "Best Novel" during its initial release date. It was reissued in 2004 by Tor Books and reissued again in 2022 by SFWRITER.COM Inc after the rights reverted back to the author.

Robert J. Sawyer
Robert James Sawyer CM OOnt (born April 29, 1960) is a Canadian and American writer of science fiction. He is the author of 25 published novels, and his short fiction has appeared in magazines and journals such as Analog Science Fiction and Fact, Amazing Stories, On Spec, and Nature, in addition to several anthologies. He has won many writing awards, including the Nebula Award for Best Novel (1995), the Hugo Award for Best Novel (2003), the John W. Campbell Memorial Award (2006), the Robert A. Heinlein Award (2017), and multiple Aurora Awards (more than any other writer).

Sawyer was born in Ottawa. He has lived in the Greater Toronto Area for most of his life and has been a resident of Mississauga since 2000.
King of Prussia (shopping mall)
King of Prussia, colloquially known as the King of Prussia Mall and sometimes shortened to K.O.P., is a shopping mall located in the community of King of Prussia in Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania. It is the largest shopping mall in Pennsylvania and the fourth-largest shopping mall in the United States in terms of gross leasable area. It is an upscale mall with 450 retailers.

The mall opened in 1963, with a complex that became known as The Plaza at King of Prussia. A second, entirely separate complex, The Court at King of Prussia, opened adjacent to it in 1981. In 2016, a major expansion, now known as The Connector, was completed, connecting the two buildings and creating one large shopping mall.

Abraham & Straus
Abraham & Straus, commonly shortened to A&S, was a major New York City department store, based in Brooklyn. Founded in 1865, it became part of Federated Department Stores in 1929. Shortly after Federated's 1994 acquisition of R.H. Macy & Company, it eliminated the A&S brand. Most A&S stores took the Macy's name, although a few became part of Stern's, another Federated division, but one that offered lower-end goods than Macy's or A&S did.
Panvel–Hazur Sahib Nanded Express
The 17613 / 17614 Panvel–Hazur Sahib Nanded Express is an Express train belonging to South Central Railway zone that runs between Panvel and Hazur Sahib Nanded via Latur, Osmanabad in India. It is currently being operated with 17613/17614 train numbers on Daily basis.

Latur Road railway station
Latur Road Junction railway station is a main railway station in Latur district, Maharashtra. It falls under the Secunderabad railway division in the south central railway zone. It serves Chakur city and has three platforms.
Optical disc
An optical disc is a flat, usually disc-shaped object that stores information in the form of physical variations on its surface that can be read with the aid of a beam of light. Optical discs can be reflective, where the light source and detector are on the same side of the disc, or transmissive, where light shines through the disc to be detected on the other side. They may contain analog or digital information, or a mixture of the two. Their main uses are the distribution of media and data, and long-term archival storage.

Write once read many
Write once read many (WORM) describes a data storage device in which information, once written, cannot be modified. This write protection affords the assurance that the data cannot be tampered with once it is written to the device, excluding the possibility of data loss from human error, computer bugs, or malware.

On ordinary (non-WORM) data storage devices, the number of times data can be modified is limited only by the lifespan of the device, as modification involves physical changes that may cause wear to the device. The "read many" aspect is unremarkable, as modern storage devices permit unlimited reading of data once written. Historical exceptions include time-limited discs such as Flexplay, designed for short-term rental of movies; and early non-volatile memory technologies such as magnetic-core memory and bubble memory, from which reading data also erased it.

WORM prevents important data being deleted or modified, helping to preserve its authenticity.
BSA Fury
The BSA Fury was a Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) prototype motorcycle made in 1970. Designed by Edward Turner but substantially redesigned by Bert Hopwood and Doug Hele, the Fury never went into commercial production due to the collapse of the BSA Group.

Edward Turner (motorcycle designer)
Edward Turner (24 January 1901 – 15 August 1973) was an English motorcycle designer. He was born in Camberwell in the London Borough of Southwark, on the day King Edward VII was proclaimed King.
In 1915, Turner had his first ride on a motorcycle, a Light Tourist New Imperial.
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is a rare and chronic infectious bacterial disease caused by the gram-positive Actinomyces species. The name refers to ray-like appearance of the organisms in the granules. About 70% of infections are due to either Actinomyces israelii or A. gerencseriae. Infection can also be caused by Streptomyces somaliensis and Propionibacterium propionicus. The condition is likely to be a polymicrobial anaerobic infection.

Streptomyces somaliensis
Streptomyces somaliensis is a proteolytic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a mycetoma from the foot of a man in Somalia. Streptomyces somaliensis is a human pathogen and can cause actinomycosis.
William Woodman Graham
William Woodman Graham (1859 – fl. 1932) was a British mountaineer who led the first pure mountaineering expedition to the Himalayas and may have set a world altitude record on Kabru. Motivated by adventure rather than a desire for fame, he had little interest in publicising his climbs, and as a result relatively little is known about his life and achievements.

World altitude record (mountaineering)
In the history of mountaineering, the world altitude record referred to the highest point on the Earth's surface which had been reached, regardless of whether that point was an actual summit. The world summit record referred to the highest mountain to have been successfully climbed. The terms are most commonly used in relation to the history of mountaineering in the Himalaya and Karakoram ranges, though modern evidence suggests that it was not until the 20th century that mountaineers in the Himalaya exceeded the heights which had been reached in the Andes. The altitude and summit records rose steadily during the early 20th century until 1953, when the ascent of Mount Everest made the concept obsolete.
Michael Müller (politician, born 1964)
Rainer Michael Müller (born 9 December 1964) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who served as Governing Mayor of Berlin from 2014 to 2021. He served as a member of the German Bundestag from 2021 to 2025, representing the Berlin-Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district.

He was also President of the Bundesrat from November 2017 until October 2018, which made him deputy to the President of Germany.

Berlin-Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
Berlin-Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 79. It is located in western Berlin, comprising the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough.

Berlin-Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf was created for the inaugural 1990 federal election after German reunification. Since 2025, it has been represented by Lukas Krieger of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
Santa Maria dei Fossi Altarpiece
The Santa Maria dei Fossi Altarpiece is a 1496-1498 painting by Pinturicchio, now in the Galleria nazionale dell'Umbria in Perugia. Unusually for an altarpiece, it is painted on canvas stretched over wooden panels.

Pinturicchio
Pinturicchio, or Pintoricchio (US: /ˌpɪntəˈriːkioʊ/, Italian: [pintuˈrikkjo]; born Bernardino di Betto; 1454–1513), also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, was an Italian Renaissance painter. He acquired his nickname (meaning "little painter") because of his small stature and he used it to sign some of his artworks that he produced during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
CK Hutchison Holdings
CK Hutchison Holdings Limited (Chinese: 長江和記實業有限公司) is a Hong Kong–based and Cayman Islands–registered multinational conglomerate corporation. The company was formed in March 2015 through the merger of Cheung Kong Holdings and its main associate company Hutchison Whampoa. It has four core businesses – ports and related services, retail, infrastructure and telecommunications – which operate in over 50 countries, as well as several other investments around the world.

Canning Fok
Canning Fok Kin-ning (Chinese: 霍建寧; born 1951 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong business executive. He is a director or chair of numerous management board in companies of Cheung Kong Holdings and Hutchison Whampoa. He is hailed as the "King of Employees" since he has been one of the Hong Kong's top-five taxpayers in the past few years.
Marc Randazza
Marc J. Randazza (born November 26, 1969) is an American attorney who has commented on the law on CNN, InfoWars, and Fox News. He specializes in legal issues pertaining to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and international intellectual property law.

Popehat
Popehat is a law-oriented blog. According to its tagline, Popehat is a "group complaint about  law, liberty, and leisure". Its primary blogger, American attorney Ken White, writes about law, scams, and freedom of expression on the Internet in a blunt, often crass style.  A Twitter account under the same name was later established, and amassed hundreds of thousands of followers before being abandoned in 2022. The Bluesky profile has more than 361,000 followers as of November 2025.
James E. Bonner (general)
James E. Bonner is a  United States Army major general who last served as the deputy commanding general of United States Army North from 2023 to 2024. He served as commanding general of the United States Army Maneuver Support Center of Excellence and Fort Leonard Wood from 2020 to 2023. He previously served as commanding general of the 20th Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives Command and before that, as commandant of the United States Army Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear School.

In November 2012, Bonner was inducted into the Southern Illinois University Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps Hall of Fame.

20th CBRNE Command
The 20th CBRNE Command is the United States Army headquarters for defense against Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and high-yield Explosives (CBRNE), headquartered on the site of the defunct Edgewood Arsenal chemical weapons production facility at Aberdeen Proving Ground in northern Maryland.
Toy advertising
Toy advertising is the promotion of toys through a variety of media. Advertising campaigns for toys have been criticized for trading on children's naïvety and for turning children into premature consumers. Advertising to children is usually regulated to ensure that it meets defined standards of honesty and decency. These rules vary from country to country, with some going as far as banning all advertisements that are directed at children.

Advertising to children
Advertising products or services to children raises questions regarding the application, duration, impact on youngsters, and ethical considerations surrounding the practice of targeting children with advertising. Understanding the effects of advertising on children's behavior and well-being is a complex and evolving field of study.

Advertising is defined by national laws and advertising standards. In advertising law, the definition of a child varies from one jurisdiction to another, but the age of 12 is commonly used as a cut-off point
Various countries and jurisdictions have restrictions or bans on advertising to children. The European Union also has framework legislation in place which sets down minimum provisions on advertising to children.
The Surrendered
The Surrendered is a 2010 novel by Korean-American author Chang-Rae Lee about the lives of three characters during the Korean War. The novel also flashes back to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and flashes forward to the 1980s in New York City and Italy. The book makes references to the Gallic Wars, Hector, and A Memory of Solferino, among other works. It was nominated as a finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and won the Dayton Literary Peace Prize in 2011.

Hector
In Greek mythology, Hector (/ˈhɛktər/; Ἕκτωρ, Hektōr, pronounced [héktɔːr]) was a Trojan prince, a hero, and the greatest warrior for Troy during the Trojan War. He is a major character in Homer's Iliad, where he leads the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, killing countless Greek warriors. He is ultimately killed in single combat by the Greek hero Achilles, who proceeds to drag his dead body around the city of Troy behind his chariot.
Warszyce
Warszyce [varˈʂɨt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north of Zgierz and 21 km (13 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Zgierz
Gmina Zgierz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Zgierz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 199.05 square kilometres (76.9 sq mi), and as of 31.12.2007 its total population is 11,766.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Łódź Hills Landscape Park.
A Group of Danish Artists in Rome
A Group of Danish Artists in Rome is an 1837 oil painting by the Danish Golden Age artist Constantin Hansen. The work depicts a group of Danish painters, architects, and other artists in a Roman hotel room; those painters depicted are Hansen himself, Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll, Martinus Rørbye, Wilhelm Marstrand, Albert Küchler, Ditlev Blunck, and Jørgen Sonne.

Martinus Rørbye
Martinus Christian Wesseltoft Rørbye (Danish: [mɑːˈtsʰiːnus ˈʁɶɐ̯ˌpyˀ]; 17 May 1803 – 29 August 1848) was a Danish painter, known both for genre works and landscapes. He was a central figure of the Golden Age of Danish painting during the first half of the 19th century.

The most traveled of the Danish Golden Age painters, he traveled both north to Norway and Sweden and south to Italy, Greece and Constantinople. He was also the first Danish painter to take to painting in Skagen at the northern top of Jutland, almost half a century before the thriving community of Skagen Painters formed and came to fame, through Michael Ancher, Anna Ancher and P.S. Krøyer.
George Koehler
George Frederick Koehler (14 January 1758 – 29 December 1800) was a British army officer, artist and engineer. He is known for creating a gun that recoiled allowing it to fire down the side of a mountain without sending the gun carriage flying into the air. The Koehler Depressing Carriage is still commemorated today in Gibraltar where it was an important defence during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.

Koehler Depressing Carriage
The Koehler Depressing Carriage was a novel type of gun carriage invented in 1782 by Lt George Frederick Koehler of the Royal Artillery. It was devised to enable cannon to be fired at a steeply downward-facing angle and was made necessary by the peculiar circumstances that the British Army faced during the Great Siege of Gibraltar between 1779 and 1783. The carriage saw active service during the siege, when it was used to support the British counter-bombardment of Spanish and French artillery batteries during the successful defence of Gibraltar. Its success made Koehler famous and has been commemorated in a number of different forms over the last 230 years.
The Fat Years
The Fat Years is a 2009 Chinese science fiction novel written by Chan Koonchung. First published in traditional Chinese versions in 2009 in both Hong Kong by Oxford University Press and also in Taiwan by the Rye Field Publishing Company under the title 'Prosperous Age: China in the year 2013' (盛世—中國2013年), to date it has never been published in mainland China.

Chinese science fiction
Chinese science fiction (traditional Chinese: 科學幻想, simplified Chinese: 科学幻想, pinyin: kēxué huànxiǎng, commonly abbreviated to 科幻 kēhuàn, literally scientific fantasy) is genre of literature that concerns itself with hypothetical future social and technological developments in the Sinosphere.
The Family Reunion
The Family Reunion is a play by T. S. Eliot. Written mostly in blank verse (though not iambic pentameter), it incorporates elements from Greek drama and mid-twentieth-century detective plays to portray the hero's journey from guilt to redemption. The play was unsuccessful when first presented in 1939, and was later regarded as unsatisfactory by its author, but has been successfully revived since the 1940s. Some critics have thought aspects of the tormented hero reflect Eliot's difficulties with his estrangement from his first wife.

E. Martin Browne
Elliott Martin Browne CBE (29 January 1900 – 27 April 1980) was a British theatre director, known for his production of twentieth century verse plays. He collaborated for many years with T. S. Eliot and was first producer of many of his plays including Murder in the Cathedral.
Holly Brown-Borg
Holly Brown-Borg is an American biologist and biogerontologist best known for her research on the regulation of lifespan by growth hormone. She is the Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology, Physiology & Therapeutics at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

American Aging Association
The American Aging Association is a non-profit, tax-exempt biogerontology organization of scientists and laypeople dedicated to biomedical aging studies and geroscience, with the goal of slowing the aging process to extend the healthy human lifespan while preserving and restoring functions typically lost to age-related degeneration. The abbreviation AGE is intended to be representative of the organization, even though it is not an acronym (avoids possible confusion with the American Automobile Association, AAA).
Femmes Fatales
Femmes Fatales is an independent women's professional wrestling promotion based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In September 2009, Northern Championship Wrestling (NCW) hosted their first edition of NCW Femmes Fatales which regrouped many fighting females in North America. NCW Femmes Fatales was announced in April 2010 to be part of the Female Fight League during the 45th Edition of the Cauliflower Alley Club Reunion in Las Vegas. In November 2009, they gave an homage to Maurice Vachon and Paul Vachon as part of a documentary tracing back Mad Dog's career.

On October 23, 2010, at NCW Femmes Fatales IV, LuFisto became the inaugural NCW Femmes Fatales Champion after defeating Portia Perez in a No Disqualification match, at the finals of an eight-woman single-elimination tournament. since its establishment, the title was re-named to the NCW Femmes Fatales International Championship, and eventually to the Femmes Fatales Championship, after no longer being associated with NCW.

Portia Perez
Jenna Grattan (born October 26, 1987) is a Canadian former professional wrestler better known by her ring name Portia Perez. Perez teamed with Nicole Matthews as The Canadian NINJAs, and they are former two-time Shimmer Tag Team Champions.
Feedback 86
Feedback 86 is the 15th studio album by guitarist Steve Hackett. The album is a collection of songs written in 1986 but were shelved until this release. Some of the songs were intended for the cancelled second GTR album. The album features guest appearances by singer Bonnie Tyler, Queen guitarist Brian May, Manfred Mann's Earth Band vocalist Chris Thompson, and Marillion members Ian Mosley and Pete Trewavas.

GTR (band)
GTR were an English rock supergroup founded in 1985 by former Yes and Asia guitarist Steve Howe and former Genesis guitarist Steve Hackett. Though the band's leaders were known as progressive rock musicians, GTR appealed to AOR radio stations. The band lasted for two years and one album. Hackett subsequently criticized the project, though not necessarily the other musicians involved in it.

The band's name came from an abbreviation of "guitar" used by recording studios for labelling guitar tracks.