hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Freedom Partners
Freedom Partners was a nonprofit 501(c)(6) organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. The organization, which was founded in 2011 under the name Association for American Innovation, was purposed to promote "the benefits of free markets and a free society." It was partially funded by the Koch brothers, and sponsored various Republican politicians and conservative groups. The group was dissolved in 2019 amidst a restructuring of the Koch family's giving.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Buckenham railway station
Buckenham railway station is a stop on the Wherry Lines, which serves the village of Buckenham in Norfolk, England. It is 7 miles 62 chains (12.5 km) down the line from Norwich on the routes to Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth; it is situated between Brundall and Cantley. Its three-letter station code is BUC.

The station was opened in 1844. Today, it is managed by Greater Anglia. According to usage estimates, Buckenham is one of the least-used stations in the country, registering just 216 passenger entries/exits in 2018/19; this is partly due to the limited number of services that stop at the station. The station buildings are currently used as a recording studio.

RSPB Buckenham Marshes is located next to the station, with RSPB Strumpshaw Fen a short walk away. Strumpshaw Hall Steam Museum is also located in the area.

Strumpshaw Fen RSPB reserve
Strumpshaw Fen is a nature reserve managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). It is situated at Strumpshaw on the River Yare in the English county of Norfolk around 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Norwich. The Buckenham Marshes RSPB reserve borders the reserve to the east.

The reserve is part of the Mid-Yare National Nature Reserve established in 1997 by English Nature (though managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds). It was purchased by the RSPB in 1974. It forms part of the Yare Broads and Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest and lies within the area of The Broads.
York—Simcoe (provincial electoral district)
York—Simcoe is a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since the 2007 provincial election.

It covers part of the region north of Toronto by Lake Simcoe. The riding includes the municipalities of Bradford West Gwillimbury, East Gwillimbury, Georgina and King north of Regional Road 31. It also includes the community of the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation Indian Reserve.

The provincial electoral district was created in 1999 when provincial ridings were defined to have the same borders as federal ridings.

Bradford West Gwillimbury
Bradford West Gwillimbury is a town in south-central Ontario, Canada, in Simcoe County in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (but not the Greater Toronto Area) on the Holland River. West Gwillimbury takes its name from the family of Elizabeth Simcoe, née Gwillim.

The former Town of Bradford was amalgamated with portions of the former Townships of West Gwillimbury and Tecumseth to become the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury on January 1, 1991.
Debt (game show)
Debt is an American game show hosted by Wink Martindale which aired on Lifetime from June 3, 1996, to August 14, 1998. It was produced by Buena Vista Television, a part of The Walt Disney Company. The show featured contestants who were trying to earn money to get out of debt. It had a similar format to Jeopardy!, on which contestants answered trivia, which eventually drew a legal challenge from that show's producers and forced changes to the format. However, it targeted a younger audience and placed a larger emphasis on popular culture.

Disney–ABC Domestic Television
Disney–ABC Domestic Television (also referred to as ABC Syndication, doing business as Disney–ABC Home Entertainment and Television Distribution, and formerly named Buena Vista Television) is the in-home sales and content distribution firm of Disney Entertainment, which is a division of The Walt Disney Company. Content distribution responsibilities include domestic television syndication, domestic pay television, Internet and cable video-on-demand (VOD), and pay-per-view outlets.
Grigorij Mesežnikov
Grigorij Mesežnikov (born 25 March 1958, Oryol, USSR) is a political analyst of Jewish descent who lives in Bratislava, Slovakia.

Born in the Soviet Union, in 1979 Mesežnikov moved to Slovakia with his wife. At first, he worked in the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava. With Martin Bútora (presidential candidate in the 2004 election), he founded the Slovak Institute for Public Affairs (IVO). He has been president of the institute since 1998. IVO's aim is spreading principles of democracy in Slovakia.

Mesežnikov is a frequent contributor to many politics-related newspapers in Slovakia.

Institute for Public Affairs (Slovakia)
The Institute for Public Affairs (Slovak: Inštitút pre verejné otázky, IVO) is a non-governmental think tank, registered to operate in the Slovak Republic. It was founded by Grigorij Mesežnikov and Martin Bútora, with the aim of promoting the values of an open society and a democratic political culture in public policy and decision-making. IVO brings together experts from many different areas of study. Mesežnikov has been President of the institute since 1998.
Small Ring Road, Kyiv
The Small Ring Road (Ukrainian: Мала́ окружна́ доро́га, romanized: Malá okruzhná doróha) is a motorway in Kyiv, a ring road that runs through the city, mostly within the city limits. The Small Ring Road has a total length of 38.9 kilometres, and consists of several administratively separate roads and squares (such as Demiivska Square), and two bridges across the Dnipro: the Pivnichnyi Bridge (Northern Bridge) and the Paton Bridge.

It is distinguished from the Great Ring Road, Kyiv (or Big Ring Road), which is a larger, unfinished ring road currently under construction. The Great Ring Road (or Kyiv Ring Road) has a projected length of 214 kilometres (including existing roads such as the Kiltseva Road), that is mostly located outside the city limits of Kyiv, and only on the right bank of the Dnipro.

Boulevard
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.

In Europe, boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.

In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane thoroughfares divided with only a central median.
Jan Hinnekens
Jan Hinnekens (died 2013) was President of the Belgian Catholic Farmers organisation (Dutch: Boerenbond) from 1981 to 1992. In 1992, he was succeeded by Robert Eeckloo. He was a member of the Coudenberg group, a Belgian federalist think tank and of the Trilateral Commission. He is married with Marie Parein and together they have four children.

He died in October 2013.

Coudenberg group
The Coudenberg group (Dutch: Coudenberggroep, French: Groupe Coudenberg) was a Belgian federalist think-tank, it was named after the place where the members met, the Coudenberg, one of the seven hillocks on which the centre of Brussels has been built. President of the organization was the lawyer Jean-Pierre De Bandt.
Re: (EP)
Re: is the fifth extended play (EP) by South Korean co-ed group Kard. It was released on June 22, 2022, by DSP Media. The EP consists of six tracks, including the lead single, "Ring The Alarm". This marks their first release in about two years since their first single album Way with Words and after J.Seph's return from the military.

Kard (group)
Kard (Korean: 카드, stylized in all caps) is a South Korean co-ed group formed by DSP Media. They are composed of members J.Seph, BM, Somin, and Jiwoo. They officially debuted on July 19, 2017, with their extended play Hola Hola.
Round Here (Florida Georgia Line song)
"Round Here" is a song recorded by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line. It was released in June 2013 as the third single from their album Here's to the Good Times. It was written by Rodney Clawson, Chris Tompkins, and Thomas Rhett.

Chris Tompkins
Christopher G. Tompkins (born Muscle Shoals, Alabama)  is an American songwriter based in Nashville. Since 2002 he has co-written songs for pop, rock, and country artists Jimmy Buffett, Blake Shelton, Keith Urban, Carrie Underwood, Jason Aldean, and Nickelback and has written charting singles for artists such as Kenny Chesney, Florida Georgia Line, and Tim McGraw.

Tompkins has won two Grammy Awards for Best Country Song, first for "Before He Cheats" sung by Carrie Underwood in 2007, and also for Underwood's 2012 song "Blown Away". Tompkins has written 16 number one hits, and he won Songwriter of the Year by the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in 2007.
Hattstedt (Amt)
Hattstedt was an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Its seat was in Hattstedt. In January 2008, it was merged with the Ämter Friedrichstadt, Nordstrand and Treene to form the Amt Nordsee-Treene.

The Amt Hattstedt consisted of the following municipalities:

Arlewatt

Hattstedt

Hattstedtermarsch

Horstedt

Olderup

Wobbenbüll

Nordsee-Treene
Nordsee-Treene is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Its seat is in Mildstedt. It was formed on 1 January 2008 from the former Ämter Friedrichstadt (except the town Friedrichstadt), Hattstedt, Nordstrand and Treene.

The Amt Nordsee-Treene consists of the following municipalities:

54°27′42″N 9°05′43″E﻿ / ﻿54.461667°N 9.095278°E﻿ / 54.461667; 9.095278
Li Zicheng
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known as the  Thunder King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who helped overthrow the Ming dynasty in April 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the Yongchang Emperor (Chinese: 永昌帝; pinyin: Yǒngchāng Dì) of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.

Late Ming peasant rebellions
The late Ming peasant rebellions (Chinese: 明末民變) were a series of peasant revolts during the last decades of the Ming dynasty lasting from 1628 to 1644. They were primarily caused by natural disasters in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Henan. The rebels also composed from the followers of Xu Hongru, the leader of the White Lotus Societies who has been executed in 1622.

At the same time, the She-An Rebellion and Later Jin incursions forced the Ming government to cut funding for the postal service, which resulted in the mass unemployment of men in the provinces hit hard by natural disasters. Unable to cope with three major crises at the same time, the Ming dynasty collapsed in 1644.
Sick: The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist
Sick: The Life and Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist is a 1997 documentary film directed by Kirby Dick about Bob Flanagan, a Los Angeles writer, poet, performance artist, comic, and BDSM celebrity, who had and later died of cystic fibrosis. The film premiered at the 1997 Sundance Film Festival, where it was awarded a Special Jury Prize.

Kirby Dick
Kirby Bryan Dick (born August 23, 1952) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and editor best known for directing documentary films. He received Academy Award nominations for Best Documentary Feature for directing Twist of Faith (2005) and The Invisible War (2012). He has also received numerous awards from film festivals, including the Sundance Film Festival and Los Angeles Film Festival.
I'm Casting My Lasso Towards the Sky
"I'm Casting My Lasso Towards the Sky" is a song written by Lee "Lasses" White and Jimmy Wakely.

It is a Western-flavored yodeling song.

Slim Whitman recorded it as his debut single in April 1949 for RCA Victor. It was released as a single, with "I'll Do as Much for You Someday" on the b-side

Slim Whitman
Ottis Dewey "Slim" Whitman Jr. (January 20, 1923 – June 19, 2013) was an American country music singer and guitarist known for his yodeling abilities and his use of falsetto. Recorded figures show 70 million sales, during a career that spanned more than seven decades. His prolific output included more than 100 albums and around 500 recorded songs; these consisted of country music, contemporary gospel, Broadway show tunes, love songs, and standards. Soon after being signed, in the 1950s Whitman toured with Elvis Presley.
Saqlain Haider
Saqlain Haider (Urdu: سقلین حیدر) (born 10 August 1987) is a Pakistani-born cricketer who played for the United Arab Emirates national cricket team. He made his One Day International debut for the United Arab Emirates against Afghanistan on 2 December 2014. He made his Twenty20 International debut against Scotland on 4 February 2016.

In April 2017, he scored his maiden first-class century (102*) in round five of the 2015–17 ICC Intercontinental Cup against Papua New Guinea.

Scottish cricket team in the United Arab Emirates in 2015–16
The Scottish cricket team toured the United Arab Emirates to play the United Arab Emirates in February 2016. The tour consisted of a Twenty20 International (T20I) match. The match was in preparation for the World Twenty20 in India in March and was played at the ICC Academy in Dubai. The United Arab Emirates won the one-off match by 9 runs.
Gustav Bauernfeind
Gustav Bauernfeind (German: [ˈɡʊstaf ˈbaʊɐnfaɪnt]; 4 September 1848, in Sulz am Neckar – 24 December 1904, in Jerusalem) was a German painter, illustrator, and architect. He is considered to be one of the most notable Orientalist painters of Germany.

Sulz am Neckar
Sulz am Neckar (German pronunciation: [ˈzʊlts ʔam ˈnɛkaʁ], lit. 'Sulz on the Neckar') is a town in the district of Rottweil, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the river Neckar, 22 km north of Rottweil, and 19 km southeast of Freudenstadt.

Sulz am Neckar came in the possession of the Hohengeroldseck in AD 1242.

At Sulz a powerline for traction current crosses the Neckar Valley in a large span, which is mounted on two 61-metre-tall electricity pylons.
Albert VI, Archduke of Austria
Albert VI (German: Albrecht VI.; 18 December 1418 – 2 December 1463), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1424, elevated to Archduke in 1453. As a scion of the Leopoldian line, he ruled over the Inner Austrian duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola from 1424, from 1457 also over the Archduchy of Austria until his death, rivalling with his elder brother Emperor Frederick III. According to tradition, Albert, later known as the Prodigal, was the exact opposite of Frederick: energetic and inclined to thoughtlessness.

Leopoldian line
The Leopoldian line was a sequence of descent in the Habsburg dynasty begun by Duke  Leopold III of Austria. The line of descent followed the death of his elder brother Rudolf IV, who divided the Habsburg hereditary lands with his brother Albert III according to the 1379 Treaty of Neuberg.
Twin Valley, Minnesota
Twin Valley is a city in Norman County, Minnesota, United States, along the Wild Rice River.  The population was 723 at the 2020 census.

Minnesota State Highway 32 and County Highway 31 are two of the main routes in the community.  Minnesota State Highway 200 is nearby.  The Agassiz Recreational Trail passes through Twin Valley.

Minnesota State Highway 32
Minnesota State Highway 32 (MN 32) is a 144.845-mile-long (233.105 km) highway in west-central and northwest Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 34 in Tansem Township near Barnesville and continues north to its intersection with State Highway 11 at Greenbush in Roseau County.
Soul Boy
Soul Boy is a 2010 Kenyan drama film written by Billy Kahora and directed by Hawa Essuman. It developed under the mentorship of German director and producer Tom Tykwer in Kibera, one of the largest slums in the African continent, in the middle of Nairobi, Kenya. The film has received five nominations at the 2011 Africa Movie Academy Awards.

The film originated in a workshop for young film enthusiasts from Nairobi, guided by Tykwer.

Hawa Essuman
Hawa Essuman (born 23 January 1980) is a film director based in Nairobi, Kenya. Her 2017 feature-length documentary Silas, co-directed with Anjali Neyar, tells the story of Liberian environmental activist Silas Siakor's fight to preserve the country's rainforests from commercial logging. The film won multiple awards, including the Amnesty International Durban Human Rights Award (2018) and the Audience Award for best documentary at the RiverRun International Film Festival (2018). Hawa's first feature film, Soul Boy (2010), also received a series of awards. In addition, Hawa has produced a range of TV programmes, commercial films, music videos and adverts.
1905 Copa del Rey
The Copa del Rey  1905 was the 3rd staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.

The competition started on 16 April 1905, and concluded on 20 April 1905, with the last group stage match, in which Madrid FC lifted the trophy for the first time ever with two victories over San Sebastián Recreation Club and Athletic Bilbao. The three teams entered in the competition disputed the tournament by playing against each other in two games, with a third not played.

As the Catalonia championship was unfinished, Catalonia could not send a participant.

San Sebastián Recreation Club
The San Sebastián Recreation Club was the name of the football section of the Real Club de Tenis de San Sebastián club based in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. It was the first football club in the city and in 1905, they participated in the Copa del Rey.
Positron annihilation spectroscopy
Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) or sometimes specifically referred to as positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is a non-destructive spectroscopy technique to study voids and defects in solids.

Positron
The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 ħ (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It is the antiparticle (antimatter counterpart) of the electron. When a positron collides with an electron, annihilation occurs. If this collision occurs at low energies, it results in the production of two or more photons.

Positrons can be created by positron emission radioactive decay (through weak interactions), or by pair production from a sufficiently energetic photon which is interacting with an atom in a material.
I Once Had a Beautiful Homeland
I Once Had a Beautiful Homeland (German: Ich hatte einst ein schönes Vaterland) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Max Mack and starring Leo Peukert, Grete Reinwald, and Ernst Rückert.

The film's art direction was by August Rinaldi.

Leo Peukert
Leonhard "Leo" Peukert (26 August 1885 – 6 January 1944) was a prolific German film actor and film director, appearing in more than a hundred and fifty productions between 1910 and his death in 1944. While occasionally he played a leading role in his early years, such as the comedy The Happy Journey (1924), he mostly appeared as a character actor. Peukert was also a film director, making eleven short and feature films during the silent era.

He was married to the actress Sabine Impekoven who appeared with him in several silent films.
Smale's problems
Smale's problems is a list of eighteen unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Steve Smale in 1998 and republished in 1999. Smale composed this list in reply to a request from Vladimir Arnold, then vice-president of the International Mathematical Union, who asked several mathematicians to propose a list of problems for the 21st century. Arnold's inspiration came from the list of Hilbert's problems that had been published at the beginning of the 20th century.

Stephen Smale
Stephen Smale (born July 15, 1930) is an American mathematician, known for his research in topology, dynamical systems and mathematical economics. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1966 and spent more than three decades on the mathematics faculty of the University of California, Berkeley (1960–1961 and 1964–1995), where he currently is Professor Emeritus, with research interests in algorithms, numerical analysis and global analysis.
Qahedjet
Qahedjet (also Hor-Qahedjet) could be the Horus name of an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh), who may have ruled during the 3rd Dynasty or could be a voluntarily archaistic representation of  Thutmose III. Since the only artifact attesting to the ruler and his name is a small stela made of polished limestone of uncertain origin and authenticity, Egyptologists are discussing the chronological position and historical figure of Qahedjet.

Third Dynasty of Egypt
The Third Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty III) is the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Other dynasties of the Old Kingdom include the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth. The capital during the period of the Old Kingdom was at Memphis.
The Dedication Orchestra
The Dedication Orchestra is a jazz ensemble formed as a tribute to the exiled South African musicians who formed the core of The Blue Notes and the Brotherhood of Breath, it features Alan Skidmore, Radu Malfatti, Django Bates, Kenny Wheeler, Elton Dean, Lol Coxhill, Evan Parker, Paul Rutherford and many others, including Keith Tippett on piano, Louis Moholo on drums and with Julie Tippetts and Maggie Nichols on vocals.

Django Bates
Django Bates (born Leon Bates, 2 October 1960) is a British jazz musician, composer, multi-instrumentalist, band leader and educator. He plays the piano, keyboards and the tenor horn. Bates has been described as "one of the most talented musicians Britain has produced... his work covers the entire spectrum of jazz, from early jazz through to bebop and free jazz to jazz-rock fusion."

In addition to his jazz work, he is also a classical composer (writing both large- and small-scale compositions on commission), theatre composer, and has taught as a professor at various European music schools. As a leader, his bands have included Human Chain, Delightful Precipice, Quiet Nights, Powder Room Collapse Orchestra and Belovèd, and he was also a leading figure in Loose Tubes and Bill Bruford's Earthworks.
The Rain (Oran "Juice" Jones song)
"The Rain" is a song by American R&B singer Oran "Juice" Jones, released from his debut album, Juice. The song's lyrics involve a man confronting his lover regarding her infidelity. At the end of the track is a long recitation written by Vincent Bell, who also composed the music. The song's music video features actress Danita Davis as Jones' girlfriend.

Juice (Oran "Juice" Jones album)
Juice is the debut studio album by American singer Oran "Juice" Jones. It was released in 1986 through Def Jam Recordings, marking the first R&B album the label ever released. The recording sessions took place at Chung King House of Metal, Shakedown Sound Studios, Unique Recording, New Fresh, and Rawlston Recording Studio, in Brooklyn. The album was produced by Vincent Bell, Russell Simmons, and Kurtis Blow. It peaked at number 44 on the Billboard 200 and number 3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. "The Rain" reached number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 and received gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America on October 7, 1991.