hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
10th (Service) Battalion, South Wales Borderers (1st Gwent)
The 1st Gwent Battalion was a Welsh 'Pals battalion' formed as part of 'Kitchener's Army' during World War I. Raised by local initiative in Monmouthshire and Glamorgan, it became the 10th (Service) Battalion of the local regiment, the South Wales Borderers ('10th SWB'). It served in 38th (Welsh) Division and took part in the division's costly attack on Mametz Wood during the Battle of the Somme. The battalion continued to serve on the Western Front, including the Third Battle of Ypres and the final Hundred Days Offensive.

Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood
Thomas Hamar Greenwood, 1st Viscount Greenwood, PC, KC (7 February 1870 – 10 September 1948), known as Sir Hamar Greenwood, 1st Baronet between 1915 and 1929, was a Canadian-born British lawyer and politician. He served as the last Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1920 and 1922 and is associated with the activities of the Black and Tans in Ireland. Both his sons died unmarried meaning that the title of Viscount Greenwood became extinct in 2003.
Constant Hot Water
Constant Hot Water is a British sitcom written by Colin Pearson. Six episodes were broadcast from 10 January to 14 February 1986 on ITV. Every episode was broadcast on Friday nights at 8:30pm, and lasted 25 minutes.

Pat Phoenix
Patricia Phoenix (born Patricia Frederica Manfield; 26 November 1923 – 17 September 1986) was an English actress who became one of the first sex symbols of British television through her role as Elsie Tanner, an original cast member of Coronation Street, a role which she portrayed from its first episode in 1960 to 1973, and again from 1976 until she quit the role in 1984. In Elsie Tanner, she is credited with creating one of the most famous characters in British soap history.
Von Neumann entropy
In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is a measure of the statistical uncertainty within a description of a quantum system. It extends the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical statistical mechanics to quantum statistical mechanics, and it is the quantum counterpart of the Shannon entropy from classical information theory. For a quantum-mechanical system described by a density matrix ρ, the von Neumann entropy is

where  denotes the trace and  denotes the matrix version of the natural logarithm. If the density matrix ρ is written in a basis of its eigenvectors  as

then the von Neumann entropy is merely

In this form, S can be seen as the Shannon entropy of the eigenvalues, reinterpreted as probabilities.

The von Neumann entropy and quantities based upon it are widely used in the study of quantum entanglement.

Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)
The concept entropy was first developed by German physicist Rudolf Clausius in the mid-nineteenth century as a thermodynamic property that predicts that certain spontaneous processes are irreversible or impossible. In statistical mechanics, entropy is formulated as a statistical property using probability theory. The statistical entropy perspective was introduced in 1870 by Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, who established a new field of physics that provided the descriptive linkage between the macroscopic observation of nature and the microscopic view based on the rigorous treatment of large ensembles of microscopic states that constitute thermodynamic systems.
1934 Chicago White Sox season
The 1934 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 34th season in the major leagues and its 35th season overall. They finished with a record of 53–99, good enough for eighth and last place in the American League (47 games behind the first place Detroit Tigers).

1934 Detroit Tigers season
The 1934 Detroit Tigers season was the 34th season for the Detroit Tigers since entering the American League in 1901. The Tigers won the American League pennant with a record of 101–53, the best winning percentage in team history. The team made its fourth World Series appearance, but lost the 1934 World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals 4 games to 3.
I've Been Thinking About You
"I've Been Thinking About You" is a song by British band Londonbeat, released in August 1990 by Anxious and RCA Records as the lead single from their second studio album, In the Blood (1990). The song was produced by Martyn Phillips, and written by band members Jimmy Chambers, George Chandler, Jimmy Helms, and William Henshall.

"I've Been Thinking About You" became a worldwide hit, reaching the number-one spot in more than 10 countries—including Australia, Canada, Germany and the United States—and peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart. The song was the number-one airplay track in the US for 1991 and was the BMI Awards Winner for 1992 Song of the Year. Two different music videos were produced to promote the single.

Londonbeat
Londonbeat are a British dance-pop band who scored a number of pop and dance hits in the early 1990s. They currently consist of vocalists Jimmy Helms, Jimmy Chambers, and Charles Pierre. Former members include multi-instrumentalist William Henshall, George Chandler, Marc Goldschmitz, and Myles Kayne. As of 2026, the band has released six studio albums and numerous compilations.
John E. Fenton
John E. Fenton (1898-1974) was a judge and president of Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts from 1965 to 1970.

John E. Fenton, Sr. was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts in 1898 and graduated from the College of the Holy Cross and then from Boston College Law School in 1924 with a Juris Doctor. Fenton taught at Lawrence High School while attending the Suffolk Evening Division. Fenton served on the Suffolk University Board of Trustees for sixteen years before serving as president of the university from 1965 to 1970. He had previously served as the Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Land Court from 1937 to 1965. Fenton's son, John E. Fenton, Jr. was also a judge and a professor at Suffolk Law School for over fifty years. The John E. Fenton building at Suffolk University is named in President Fenton's honor.

Suffolk University
Suffolk University is a private university, Carnegie designated as "Professions-focused Undergraduate/Graduate-Doctorate Medium", in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. With 7,560 students on all campuses, it is the tenth-largest university in metropolitan Boston. It was founded as a law school in 1906 and named after its location in Suffolk County, Massachusetts. The university is also host to its namesake public opinion poll, the Suffolk University Political Research Center.

The university, located at the downtown edge of the historic Beacon Hill neighborhood, comprises the Suffolk College of Arts and Sciences, Sawyer Business School, and Suffolk University Law School. The university's sports teams, the Suffolk Rams, compete in 19 varsity sports in NCAA Division III as members of the Commonwealth Coast Conference.
Andrea Casali
Andrea Casali (17 November 1705 – 7 September 1784) was an Italian painter of the Rococo period. He was also an art dealer in England.

He was born in Civitavecchia in the Papal States and studied under Sebastiano Conca and Francesco Trevisani. Until 1738 he was a decorative painter of Roman churches and in 1729 was made a Knight of the Golden Spur; for this in England he would be called "the Chevalier Casali".  He travelled to England in 1741 and stayed there for twenty-five years.  He was a teacher to James Durno.  Among his English patrons were Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester (1697–1759), and Alderman William Beckford. He left England in 1766, after which he lived for some years in Rome, where he died in 1784.

Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia (Italian: [ˌtʃivitaˈvɛkkja], lit. 'Ancient Town'; Latin: Centumcellae, and later, Civitas Vetus) is a city and major sea port on the Tyrrhenian Sea 60 kilometres (37 miles) west-northwest of Rome, Lazio, Italy. Administratively, it is a comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. Civitavecchia's harbour is formed by two piers and a breakwater on which stands a lighthouse.
Feelin' Bitchy
Feelin' Bitchy  is an album by the American musician Millie Jackson, released in 1977. It features two of Jackson's best known songs, the Merle Haggard cover, "If You're Not Back in Love by Monday", (which became a U.S. pop hit for Jackson), and the Latimore track, "All the Way Lover". The latter features one of Millie's trademark extended raps, this time on the topic of men who refuse to perform oral sex on their partners. Some record stores kept the album behind the counter due to its cover photo.

Millie Jackson
Mildred Virginia Jackson (born July 15, 1944) is an American R&B and soul recording artist. Beginning her career in the early 1960s, three of Jackson's albums have been certified gold by the RIAA for over 500,000 copies sold. Jackson's songs often include long spoken sections, sometimes humorous, sometimes sexually explicit. According to the cataloguing site WhoSampled.com, her songs have appeared in 189 samples, 51 covers, and six remixes.

Since she always enjoyed writing poems, in the early '70s Jackson began crafting such proto-rap R&B singles as the outspoken "A Child of God (It's Hard to Believe)".
The Second Album (Latyrx album)
The Second Album is the second studio album by Latyrx, an American hip hop duo consisting of Lateef the Truthspeaker and Lyrics Born. It was released via Latyramid on November 5, 2013. It includes productions from Jel, Amp Live, and Tune-Yards, among others. The album peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart.

Tune-Yards
Tune-Yards (stylized as tUnE-yArDs) is the Oakland, California–based music project of Merrill Garbus (vocals, various instruments) and Nate Brenner (bass, various instruments). Garbus's music draws from an eclectic variety of sources and uses elements such as loop pedals, ukulele, vocals, and lo-fi percussion. Tune-Yards’ 2011 album Whokill was ranked the number one album of that year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz and Jop critics’ poll.

The album Nikki Nack was released in 2014, with its first single, "Water Fountain", being picked up by Google Pixel in 2016 for an advertising campaign. The album I Can Feel You Creep Into My Private Life was released in January 2018. At the same time, Tune-Yards provided an atmospheric score for the sci-fi film Sorry to Bother You. The duo released their fifth studio album, Sketchy, in 2021 and their sixth studio album, Better Dreaming, in 2025.
Harry Lehman
Harry Jac Lehman (August 24, 1935 – October 5, 2022) was an American politician who served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He was the plaintiff in Lehman v. City of Shaker Heights, a case brought before the United States Supreme Court in which the court affirmed that the city was not required to carry Lehman's campaign ads in advertising space made available on public transit.

Lehman was born in Dayton, Ohio and served in the United States Army. He graduated from Amherst College and Harvard Law School. He died on October 5, 2022, at the age of 87.

Lehman v. Shaker Heights
Lehman v. City of Shaker Heights, 418 U.S. 298 (1974), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld a city's ban on political advertising within its public transportation system. The Court ruled that ad space on public transit is not a "public forum", meaning that speech within this space receives lower First Amendment protections.
Francisco Tito Yupanqui
Francisco Tito Yupanqui (1550–1616) was an indigenous sculptor of the Viceroyalty of Peru. He sculptured renowned  Roman Catholic wood statues such as the Blessed Virgin Mary in what is now Bolivia, known as Our Lady of Candles (also known as Our Lady of Copacabana), one of the most celebrated Marian images located at Lake Titicaca in Bolivia.

Our Lady of Copacabana
Our Lady of Copacabana or Our Lady of the Candles of Copacabana is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary honored as the patrone saint of Bolivia. She is venerated in Bolivia on 2 February, the Feast of the  Feast of the Presentation of Jesus Christ There is as well as a second feast for Our Lady of Copacabana with own liturgical texts on 5 August.

Pope Pius XI granted the image a Canonical coronation on 29 July 1925 and it was crowned on 1 August the same year. Pope Pius XII later decreed her shrine a Basilica on 2 July 1940. Pope Paul VI issued the decree Maria Mater Ecclesiæ on 4 November 1968, which declared Our Lady as Bolivia’s national patroness.
Barog
Barog is a hill station, near City of Solan in Solan district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The station lies on UNESCO World Heritage Site Kalka–Shimla Railway. Set in the mountains Barog is just 60 km (37 mi) from Chandigarh on the Kalka-Shimla highway.

Hill station
A hill station is a type of hill town, mostly in colonial Asia, but also in colonial Africa (albeit rarely), founded by European colonialists as a refuge from the summer heat. As historian Dane Kennedy observes about the Indian context, "the hill station (...) was seen as an exclusive British preserve: here it was possible to render the Indian into an outsider". The term is still used in present day, particularly in India, which has the largest number of hill stations; most are situated at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft).
Lent Bumps 2007
The Lent Bumps 2007 was a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday 27 February 2007 until Saturday 3 March 2007. The event was run as a bumps race and was the last set in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March in this form since 1887. See Lent Bumps for the format of the races. In 2007, a total of 121 crews took part (69 men's crews and 52 women's crews), with nearly 1100 participants in total.

Bumps race
A bumps race is a form of rowing race in which a number of boats chase each other in single file, each crew attempting to catch and 'bump' the boat in front without being caught by the boat behind.

The form is mainly used in intercollegiate competitions at the University of Oxford since 1815, and at the University of Cambridge since 1827.

Bumps racing in eights is also found in the United Hospitals Boat Club in London between the five London medical schools and Royal Veterinary College.

Bumps racing in fours is also the format of inter-house rowing at Eton College and Shrewsbury School. It is particularly suitable where the stretch of water available is long but narrow, precluding side-by-side racing. Bumps racing gives a sharper feel of immediate competition than a head race, where boats are simply timed over a fixed course. Few rowers worldwide use rivers as narrow as the Cam or the Isis, but bumps races are also contested elsewhere.
Andrew Keegan
Andrew Keegan is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor, making his film debut with a supporting role in Camp Nowhere (1994). Keegan later received recognition for his main role as Jack Kelly on season 2 of the ABC sitcom Thunder Alley (1994–1995).

After recurring roles as Wilson West on the CW television series 7th Heaven (1997–2002) and Reed Isley on the Fox series Party of Five (1997–1998), Keegan had his breakout with a starring role in the teen romantic comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You (1999). In the 2000s, he starred in the films The Broken Hearts Club (2000), O (2001), A New Wave (2006), and Waiting for Dublin (2007), and had a recurring role as Zach on the WB series Related (2005–2006).

In the 2010s and 2020s, Keegan starred in the films Living Among Us (2018), Adverse (2020), and The Activated Man (2023), and had a supporting role in the film Love, Wedding, Marriage (2011).

Related
Related is an American comedy-drama television series that aired on The WB from October 5, 2005, to March 20, 2006. It revolves around the lives of four close-knit sisters of Italian descent, raised in Brooklyn and living in Manhattan.

The show was created by former Sex and the City writer Liz Tuccillo, and executive produced by Friends co-creator Marta Kauffman. Despite heavy promotion, initial ratings did not warrant the show being picked up for a second season when The WB network was folded into The CW.
Silapathar Science College
Silapathar Science College, established in 1996, is a major and general degree college situated in Silapathar, Assam. It offers bachelor's degree courses in science. This college is affiliated with the Dibrugarh University.

Silapathar
Silapathar is a small city and municipal board in Dhemaji district in the Indian state of Assam. The name itself derived from Mising word "Sila" means Kite and "Pothar" means rice fields as the place used be a kiting ground for native Mising people during the winters. The city is on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River and is 470 kilometres (290 mi) from the city of Guwahati and just six km (3.7 mi) from border of Arunachal Pradesh. The longest rail cum road bridge in India (Bogibeel bridge) connects Silapathar to Dibrugarh. Historical Malinithan Mandir is located around ten km (6.2 mi) from Silapathar.

Silapathar is the commercial hub of Dhemaji district and Arunachal Pradesh. The place has a heady mix of indigenous communities like Mising, Chutia, Ahom, Gorkhas and Deoris.

Silapathar Buddhist Monastery (Zangdok Palri Monastery) is the second largest Buddhist Monastery in India constructed by Khen Rinpoche Tsering Dorjee under the aegis of Pema Mani Charitable Trust.
Sandown Park railway station, Melbourne
Sandown Park station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines, which are part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the south-eastern suburb of Springvale, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sandown Park station is a ground-level unstaffed station, featuring an island platform. It opened 19 June 1965.

Springvale, Victoria
Springvale (Boonwurrung: Monite)  is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Greater Dandenong local government area. Springvale recorded a population of 22,174 at the 2021 census.

Springvale is a large suburb occupying 11.2 km2 (4.3 sq mi), bounded by Westall Road to the west, Princes Highway and Police Road to the north, the Springvale Crematorium and Corrigan Road to the northeast, Heatherton Road to the south and Lawn Road to the southeast. Springvale is linked to the Melbourne CBD by Monash Freeway via the Ferntree Gully Road exit to the suburb's northwest.
Schadeleben
Schadeleben is a village and a former municipality in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 15 July 2009, it is part of the town Seeland.

Schadeleben is the place of origin of the Annecke family. There have been a number of famous family members in the United States in the 19th and 20th century.

Fritz Anneke, German 1848er and US Colonel in the Civil War

Emil Anneke, brother of Fritz and first Republican Michigan Auditor General

Mathilde Franziska Anneke, wife of Fritz, 1848er, famous U.S. feminist, suffragette, anti-abolitionist, college founder, writer and publisher

Percy Shelley Anneke, son of Fritz and Mathilde, sales rep of Schlitz Brewing Company until 1883, co-CEO of Fitger Brewery in Duluth 1883–1920

Victor H Anneke, son of Percy, Vice-President of Fitger in the 1920s, helped the company survive the prohibition, president of Rotary Club Duluth in 1927/8

Fritz Anneke
Karl Friedrich Theodor "Fritz" Anneke (January 31, 1818 – December 8, 1872) was a German revolutionary, socialist and newspaper editor. He emigrated to the United States with his family in 1849 and became a Union Army officer in the American Civil War, and later worked as an entrepreneur and journalist. He was the husband of Mathilde Franziska Anneke, the older brother of Emil Anneke, the first Republican Michigan Auditor General, and the father of Percy Shelley Anneke, well known in Duluth, Minnesota, as co-founder and owner of the famous Fitger Brewing Company.
Jon Huntsman Sr.
Jon Meade Huntsman Sr. (June 21, 1937 – February 2, 2018) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder and executive chairman of Huntsman Corporation, a global manufacturer and marketer of specialty chemicals. Huntsman plastics are used in a wide variety of familiar objects, including (formerly) clamshell containers for McDonald's hamburgers. Huntsman Corporation also manufactures a wide variety of organic and inorganic chemicals that include polyurethanes, textiles, and pigments. Huntsman's philanthropic giving exceeded $1.5 billion, focusing on areas of cancer research, programs at various universities, and aid to Armenia.

Huntsman Cancer Institute
Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) is an NCI-designated cancer research facility and hospital located on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah. It is the only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Intermountain West.
Antonio Luis Ferré
Antonio Luis Alfredo Ferre Ramírez de Arellano (February 6, 1934 – June 16, 2024) was a Puerto Rican businessman. He was Chairman of the Board of the Ferré-Rangel business emporium which owns Puerto Rico's largest newspaper, El Nuevo Día, as well as Primera Hora newspaper.

Ferré was the son of former Governor of Puerto Rico, Don Luis A. Ferré, and Lorenza Ramírez de Arellano. His sister was writer and essayist Rosario Ferré.

Ferré served as member of the Puerto Rico Civil Rights Commission in the 1960s, and managed his father's political campaigns.  From 1965 to 1966 he was president of the Puerto Rico Manufacturers Association.

Following semi-retirement, Ferré and his wife, Luisa Rangel, delegated to their sons and daughters the day-to-day operations of his businesses and non-profit entities, including the Ponce Museum of Art and the Ferré Foundation created by his father.

Antonio Luis Ferré died in San Juan, Puerto Rico on June 16, 2024, at the age of 90.

Lorenza Ramírez de Arellano
Isabel Lorenza (Lorencita) Ramírez de Arellano y Bartoli (July 8, 1902 – March 5, 1970) was the first wife of former Governor of Puerto Rico Luis A. Ferré and served as First Lady from 1968 until her death in 1970.

Ramírez de Arellano was born on Esperanza Street in San Germán, Puerto Rico to Alfredo Ramírez de Arellano y Rosell (1880–1961). She had a younger brother, Alfredo Ramírez de Arellano y Bartoli (1915 – 2011), who would go on to establish the first television broadcasting station, WORA-TV, in the western area of Puerto Rico, as well as the first frequency-modulated radio station there, WORA-FM.

In 1931, she met Luis A. Ferré and married a few months later on May 30, 1931. They had two children together: Antonio Luis and Rosario.

When her husband, Ferré, won the 1968 general elections, Ramírez de Arellano assumed the role of First Lady. However, she died on March 5, 1970, one year after Ferré was sworn in.
Isola Sant'Antonio
Isola Sant'Antonio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Alessandria.

Isola Sant'Antonio borders the following municipalities: Alluvioni Piovera, Alzano Scrivia, Bassignana, Casei Gerola, Castelnuovo Scrivia, Cornale, Gambarana, Guazzora, Mezzana Bigli, Molino dei Torti, Pieve del Cairo, and Sale.

Gambarana
Gambarana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km southwest of Milan and about 35 km southwest of Pavia. As of 31 December 2021, it had a population of 199 and an area of 12.0 km².

Gambarana borders the following municipalities: Bassignana, Frascarolo, Isola Sant'Antonio, Mede, Pieve del Cairo, Suardi.