hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jagjit Singh Chopra
Jagjit Singh Chopra (15 June 1935 – 18 January 2019) was an Indian neurologist, medical writer and an Emeritus Professor of the Department of Neurology at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER).

He was the founder-principal of the Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, and a past president of the Indian Academy of Neurology.

He authored the book Neurology in Tropics, which is a compilation of contributions from 146 neurologists.

Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh
Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh a medical school and a tertiary care hospital is located in Chandigarh, India. The medical school is administered by Panjab University. It was established in 1991 and has a 36 acres (15 ha) campus located in Sector 32, Chandigarh.
McCaulley, Texas
McCaulley is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) in Fisher County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 96 in 2000.

McCaulley is located at 32°46′43″N 100°12′19″W﻿ / ﻿32.77861°N 100.20528°W﻿ / 32.77861; -100.20528 and is situated along FM 57 in eastern Fisher County, approximately nine miles southwest of Hamlin, approximately 14 miles northeast of Roby,  and 38 miles northwest of Abilene.

Although McCaulley is unincorporated, it continues to have a post office in operation, with the zip code of 79534.

Public education in the community is provided by the Roby Consolidated Independent School District. On July 1, 1990, Roby ISD absorbed the entirety of the former McCauley Independent School District. The Hamlin Independent School District also serves areas considered McCaulley.

Fisher County, Texas
Fisher County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,672. The county seat is Roby. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1886. It is named for Samuel Rhoads Fisher, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and a secretary of the navy of the Republic of Texas. Fisher County was one of 30 prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in Texas, but is now a fully wet county.
First Gorton ministry
The First Gorton ministry (Liberal–Country Coalition) was the 44th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 19th Prime Minister, John Gorton. The First Gorton ministry succeeded the McEwen ministry, which dissolved on 10 January 1968 following the election of Gorton as Liberal leader after the disappearance of former Prime Minister Harold Holt. The ministry was replaced by the Second Gorton ministry on 12 November 1969 following the 1969 federal election.

As of 1 May 2025, Ian Sinclair is the last surviving member of the First Gorton ministry; Sinclair is also the last surviving minister of the Menzies, Holt, McEwen, and McMahon governments, as well as the Second Gorton and the First Fraser ministries. James Forbes was the last surviving Liberal minister, and Malcolm Fraser was the last surviving Liberal Cabinet minister.

Jim Forbes (Australian politician)
Alexander James de Burgh Forbes CMG MC (16 December 1923 – 10 August 2019), often known as A. J. Forbes, was an Australian politician. He served in the House of Representatives from 1956 to 1975 as a member of the Liberal Party, representing the Division of Barker in South Australia. He held ministerial office in the Coalition governments of the 1960s and 1970s, serving as Minister for the Navy (1963–1964), Army (1963–1966), Health (1966–1971), and Immigration (1971–1972). At his death, Forbes was the last surviving Liberal minister who served in the ministries of Sir Robert Menzies, Harold Holt and John McEwen, as well as the First Gorton Ministry.
Heaven and Hell (Black Sabbath album)
Heaven and Hell is the ninth studio album by the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, released on 18 April 1980. It is the first Black Sabbath album to feature vocalist Ronnie James Dio, who replaced original vocalist Ozzy Osbourne in 1979.

Produced by Martin Birch, the album was a commercial success, particularly in the United States, where it reached number 28 on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified platinum for one million sales. In the UK, it sold well enough to be certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry in April 1982.

Geezer Butler
Terence Michael Joseph "Geezer" Butler (born 17 July 1949) is an English musician, best known as the bassist and primary lyricist of the pioneering heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He has also recorded and performed with Heaven & Hell, GZR, Ozzy Osbourne, and Deadland Ritual.
Knock, Knock Who's There?
"Knock, Knock Who's There?" is a song written and composed by John Carter and Geoff Stephens, released on Apple Records. It was originally sung and recorded by the Welsh singer Mary Hopkin and was the United Kingdom's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1970, where it came second. The single version was produced by Mickie Most and reached No. 2 on the UK charts.

Apple Records
Apple Records is a British record label founded by the Beatles in 1968 as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. It was initially intended as a creative outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin, James Taylor, Badfinger, and Billy Preston. In practice, the roster had become dominated by the mid-1970s with releases of the former Beatles as solo artists. Allen Klein managed the label from 1969 to 1973, then it was managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the Beatles and their heirs. Aspinall retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones. Jones stepped down on 21 October 2024 and was replaced by Tom Greene in September 2025.
Falcon Island
Falcon Island is one of the islands in the Palm Islands group, off the eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. The nearest island is Esk Island. The Nyawaygi name of the island is Carbooroo. Along with nine of the other islands within the Palm Islands group, it falls under the local government area of the Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island.

The island was gazetted as an Aboriginal reserve on 20 September 1941, along with neighbouring small islands, with the intention of extending Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement, but it was never used as such.

Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement
Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement, later officially known as  Director of Native Affairs Office, Palm Island and also known as Palm Island Aboriginal Reserve, Palm Island mission and Palm Island Dormitory, was an Aboriginal reserve and penal settlement on Great Palm Island, the main island in the Palm Island group in North Queensland, Australia. It was the largest and most punitive reserve in Queensland.

Gazetted in 1914, the first residents were only moved there in March 1918 from the Hull River Aboriginal Settlement after that reserve was destroyed by a cyclone. The settlement continued under government control in various forms until 1975. Palm Island was mentioned in the Bringing Them Home Report as an institution that housed children removed from their families, part of the Stolen Generation.
Mera Damad
Mera Damad is a 1985 family-drama Indian Hindi film directed by Partho Ghosh and produced by Shipra Biswas and Tushar Mazumdar. It stars Utpal Dutt, Ashok Kumar, Farooq Sheikh, Zarina Wahab, Rakesh Bedi, Prema Narayan, Tariq Khan and Jankidas in lead roles. Dialogue writer was Sharad Joshi and Play back singing was done by Amit Kumar, Anuradha Paudwal, Shailendra Singh, Kavita Krishnamurty and Sabita Chowdhury whereas Music for the film was scored by Salil Choudhury and background music by Babul Bose.

Tariq Khan (actor, born 1951)
Tariq Khan (born 9 November 1951) is a former Indian film actor known for his works in Hindi cinema. He appeared in 16 films, including Yaadon Ki Baaraat (1973), Zakhmee (1975), and Hum Kisise Kum Naheen (1977).
Abingdon Bridge
Abingdon Bridge crosses the River Thames at the town of Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England. It carries the A415 road from Abingdon to Dorchester, Oxfordshire, over the reach of the Thames between Culham Lock and Abingdon Lock.

The bridge is actually two bridges, linked by Nag's Head Island. Abingdon Bridge is the northern part towards the town which has six arches and crosses the backwater and mill stream. The southern part is technically called Burford Bridge and has one main arch and four minor arches at the river and two minor arches on the floodplain. This crosses the main navigation channel. Furthermore, to complete the Thames crossing, Culham Bridge crossing the Swift Ditch should also be considered as an extension.

Culham Lock
Culham Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England close to Culham, Oxfordshire.  It is on a lock cut to the north of the main stream, which approaches the large village of Sutton Courtenay.  The lock was built of stone by the Thames Navigation Commission in 1809.

The associated weirs are on the old course of the river under the massive causeway which separates the millstream from picturesque Sutton Pools.  The causeway is very old and was thought to have been built by Saxon labour.
Baoruco Mountain Range
The Bahoruco Mountain Range—Sierra de Bahoruco (or Sierra de Bahoruco) is a mountain range located in the far southwestern region of the Dominican Republic. It is within Pedernales, Independencia, Barahona, and Bahoruco Provinces. A large part of the area is protected within the Sierra de Bahoruco National Park (Parque Nacional Sierra de Bahoruco), also a Biosphere reserve.

Its name is mentioned for the first time by Bartolomé de las Casas in his "Brief History of the Indies", who takes it from the phonetic sound used by the Taino Indians to describe that region.

It is rich in deposits of salt and gypsum, and also has a lagoon in the southern part (Oviedo lagoon) and between this mountain range and the Neiba mountain range is Lake Enriquillo, the largest in the Antilles.

Pedernales Province
Pedernales (from Spanish 'flints'; pronounced [peðeɾˈnales]) is the southernmost province of the Dominican Republic, including the offshore island of Isla Beata. It was split from Barahona in 1957. Of its 2,080.95 km2, 1,374 km2 belongs to the Jaragua National Park. A third of its population is of Haitian origin, the highest ratio within the country.

The capital of the province, Pedernales, was originally called Juan López, who was a Spanish inhabitant who had settled in the area around the 19th century.

The province was called Pedernales after the river located on the border with Haiti, in which flint is abundant. The indigenous people of the Dominican Republic, the Taíno, used them to make sharp tools, such as axes and arrowheads.
Dutch Women's Water Polo Championship
The Dutch Women's Water Polo Championship is the premier championship for women's water polo clubs in the Netherlands. First held in 1920, it is currently contested by twelve teams. As of 2012 it is granted one spot in the Champions' Cup and two in the LEN Trophy.

GZC Donk
Goudsche Zwemclub DONK, F.N.A. Donk Gouda, is a Dutch water polo club from Gouda. It is best known for its women's team, which won three of the first four editions of the LEN Champions' Cup. It has also won nine national championships and eleven national cups, most recently attaining its sixth double in 2011.
Walesa: Man of Hope
Walesa: Man of Hope (Polish: Wałęsa. Człowiek z nadziei [vaˈwɛ̃sa ˈt͡ʂwɔvjɛɡ z naˈd͡ʑɛ.i]) is a 2013 Polish biopic film directed by Andrzej Wajda, starring Robert Więckiewicz as Lech Wałęsa. Wajda stated at Kraków's Off Plus Camera Film Festival in April 2012 that he foresaw trouble following the film's release. The film was selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Witold Wajda (Polish: [ˈandʐɛj ˈvajda]; 6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an Honorary Oscar, the Palme d'Or, as well as Honorary Golden Lion and Honorary Golden Bear Awards, he was a prominent member of the "Polish Film School". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of A Generation (1955), Kanał (1957) and Ashes and Diamonds (1958).

He is considered one of the world's most renowned filmmakers, whose works chronicled his native country's political and social evolution and dealt with the myths of Polish national identity offering insightful analyses of the universal element of the Polish experience – the struggle to maintain dignity under the most trying circumstances.

Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: The Promised Land (1975), The Maids of Wilko (1979), Man of Iron (1981) and Katyń (2007).
Troszynek
Troszynek [trɔˈʂɨnɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolin, within Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) east of Wolin, 16 km (10 mi) south of Kamień Pomorski, and 48 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 60.

Gmina Wolin
Gmina Wolin is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Wolin, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Kamień Pomorski and 48 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 327.41 square kilometres (126.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,351 (out of which the population of Wolin amounts to 4,878, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,473).
Poverty's Paradise
Poverty's Paradise is the fourth album from Naughty by Nature, released on May 30, 1995, as their final album under Tommy Boy Records. It peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. A single released from the album, "Feel Me Flow", achieved major success, peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100, two other singles "Craziest" and "Clap Yo Hands", achieved minor success, the former peaking at number 51 on the Hot 100.

At the 37th Annual Grammy Awards, Poverty's Paradise won the award for Best Rap Album, which was a new category that year.

People Make the World Go Round
"People Make the World Go Round" is a song written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed, originally recorded by The Stylistics and released in 1972 through Avco Records as the final single from their self-titled debut studio album, The Stylistics (1971). It reached #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, #25 on the Adult Contemporary chart, and #6 on the Soul Singles chart in the United States.
Plank of Carneades
In ethics, the plank of Carneades is a thought experiment first proposed by the academic skeptic philosopher Carneades of Cyrene. It explores the concept of self-defense in relation to murder.

In the thought experiment, there are two shipwrecked sailors, A and B.  They both see a plank that can only support one of them and both of them swim towards it.  Sailor A gets to the plank first.  Sailor B, who is going to drown, pushes A off and away from the plank and, thus, proximately, causes A to drown.  Sailor B gets on the plank and is later saved by a rescue team. The thought experiment poses the question of whether Sailor B can be tried for murder because if B had to kill A in order to live, then it would arguably be in self-defense.

The Case of the Speluncean Explorers by legal philosopher Lon Fuller is a similar exploration of morality and legality in extremis.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
Maginoo
The Tagalog maginoo, the Kapampangan ginu, and the Visayan tumao were the nobility social class among various cultures of the pre-colonial Philippines. Among the Visayans, the tumao were further distinguished from the immediate royal families, the kadatuan.

Tagalog people
The Tagalog people are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Philippines, particularly the Metro Manila and Calabarzon regions and Marinduque province of southern Luzon, and comprise the majority in the provinces of Bulacan, Bataan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, and Zambales in Central Luzon and the island of Mindoro.
Akwanga
Akwanga is a Local Government Area in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Akwanga.

It has an area of 996 km2 and a population of 513,930 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 960.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
DAU. Natasha
DAU. Natasha is a 2020 Russian-language internationally co-produced drama film directed by Ilya Khrzhanovsky and Jekaterina Oertel. It was selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival. At Berlin, the film won the Silver Bear for Outstanding Artistic Contribution.

70th Berlin International Film Festival
The 70th annual Berlin International Film Festival took place from 20 February to 1 March 2020. It was the first under the leadership of new Berlin Film Festival board: business administration director Mariette Rissenbeek and artistic director Carlo Chatrian.

The festival opening gala was presented by actor Samuel Finzi, followed by the world premiere My Salinger Year, directed by Philippe Falardeau. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Iranian film There Is No Evil, directed by Mohammad Rasoulof.
Isaac Ferris
Isaac Ferris (1798–1873) was a clergyman of the Reformed Church in America, and the third Chancellor of New York University.

Ferris graduated from Columbia College in 1816. He received a D.D. degree from Union College in 1833, and an L.L.D. from Columbia in 1853.

In 1820, he was appointed by the Board of Domestic Missions to labor in the Classis of Montgomery.
He served in the Second Reformed Church of Albany, New York from 1824 to 1836 and was active in the Market Street Church in New York City from 1836 to 1853. He served as Chancellor of New York University from 1853 to 1870. During his tenure he brought financial stability to the university.

Ferris was also a founder of the Rutgers Female College, a member of the American Bible Society, founder of the YMCA of Greater New York.

Rutgers Female College
Rutgers Female College was a private women's seminary, chartered in April 1838 under the name Rutgers Female Institute. It was located in New York City, and moved to a few locations within the city before closing in 1894.
Benedetta Porcaroli
Benedetta Porcaroli (born 11 June 1998) is an Italian actress. She drew international attention for portraying schoolgirl Chiara in the Netflix teen series Baby (2018–2020). She also starred in Immaculate (2023), and The Leopard (2025).
For her performance in The Kidnapping of Arabella (2025), Porcaroli won the Orizzonti award for Best Actress at the 82nd Venice International Film Festival.

Baby (Italian TV series)
Baby is an Italian teen drama television series created for Netflix. The first season debuted on 30 November 2018. The series follows students at an elite high school in Rome who are involved in sex work. It is loosely based on the story of two high school girls in Rome involved in an underage sex work ring (the "Baby Squillo" scandal) in 2014.

In December 2018, Netflix announced a second season of the series, which premiered on 18 October 2019. The series was renewed for a third and final season, which was released on 16 September 2020.
Marina von Neumann Whitman
Marina von Neumann Whitman (March 6, 1935 – May 20, 2025) was an American economist, writer and automobile executive. She was a professor of business administration and public policy at the Ross School of Business and the Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan.

Ross School of Business
The University of Michigan Ross School of Business (branded as Michigan Ross) is the business school of the University of Michigan, a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The school was originally established in 1924 as the School of Business Administration. Today, it offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as an executive education program. Michigan Ross also collaborates with other colleges and schools at the University of Michigan to offer dual degree programs. Additionally, the school's Executive Education program includes a Distinguished Leader Certificate. Michigan Ross maintains the tenth largest endowment among all business schools in the United States, with a total of US$435 million as of 2016.
Harry Higginson
Harry Pasley Higginson (1838–1900) was a British and New Zealand civil engineer who was notable for constructing the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company (WMR) line from Wellington to the Manawatu in the 1880s. The WMR was a private company, as the government had decided not to build the line. Higginson also played an important role in the discovery of Dodo bones on the island of Mauritius in 1865.

Higginson was born in Thormanby, North Yorkshire, England in 1838 and educated at the Collegiate School, Leicester.

Thormanby
Thormanby is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It lies on the A19 approximately halfway between Easingwold and Thirsk and about 14 miles (23 km) south east of the county town of Northallerton.
Vittorio Veneto
Vittorio Veneto is a city and comune situated in the Province of Treviso, in the region of Veneto, Italy, in the northeast of Italy, between the Piave and the Livenza rivers, borders with the following municipalities:

Alpago (BL), Belluno (BL), Cappella Maggiore, Colle Umberto, Conegliano, Fregona, Limana (BL), Revine Lago, San Pietro di Feletto, Tarzo.

Colle Umberto
Colle Umberto (Venetian: Cołe Unberto) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Venice and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Treviso.

Colle Umberto borders the following municipalities: Cappella Maggiore, Conegliano, Cordignano, Godega di Sant'Urbano, San Fior, Vittorio Veneto.

The town's most visited place is the Villa Verecondi Scortecci owned by an old upper-class Venetian family.
Sebastianappan Singaroyan
Bishop Sebastianappan Singaroyan is an Indian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salem from 18 October 2000 – 9 March 2020.  He is a priest for 43 years and a bishop for 21 years.   Bishop Singaroyan is a person who is strong in faith, rejoicing in hope, burning with charity, on fire with zeal, in humility of heart, persevering in prayer and a witnessing preacher. He is widely known for his simplicity and is referred by the people as Bishop of the Poor, Peoples Bishop.

Diocese of Salem
The Diocese of Salem (Latin: Salemen(sis)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in India. Its episcopal see is Salem. The Diocese of Salem is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore.