hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Squatters' riot
The squatters' riot was an uprising and conflict that took place between squatting settlers and the government of Sacramento, California (then an unorganized territory annexed after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) in August 1850 concerning the lands that John Sutter controlled in the region and the extremely high prices that speculators set for land that they had acquired from Sutter. The influx of squatters was a consequence of the 1848 California Gold Rush; when courts began to take legal action against squatters in the area, the squatters mobilized under Dr. Charles L. Robinson and Joseph Maloney and challenged mayor Hardin Bigelow and sheriff Joseph McKinney; the conflict was ultimately resolved, and the speculation in Sacramento ended as a result.

Hardin Bigelow
Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as "Sacramento City." Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic.
Taghmon (civil parish)
Taghmon (Irish: Tigh Munna) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9 km (6 mi) north–east of Mullingar.

Taghmon is one of 8 civil parishes in the barony of Corkaree in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 3,450.2 acres (13.962 km2).

Taghmon civil parish comprises 11 townlands: Downs, Farrancallin, Foxburrow, Glebe, Knockatee, Knockdrin, Monkstown, Rathcorbally, Sheefin, Taghmon and Toberaquill.

The neighbouring civil parishes are: Faughalstown (barony of Fore) and Kilkpatrick (Fore) to the north, Rathconnell (barony of Moyashel and Magheradernon) to the east and south and Stonehall and Tyfarnham to the west.

Downs (townland, County Westmeath)
Downs is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north–east of Mullingar, and has an area of approximately 0.73 square kilometres (180.4 acres).

Downs is one of nine townlands in the civil parish of Taghmon in the barony of Corkaree. The modern–day rural community of The Downs is 7.89 kilometres (5 mi) south of this townland and is not to be confused with it.

The neighbouring townlands are: Rathcorbally to the north, Balreagh to the east and south, Clonkill to the south and Monkstown to the west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 5 houses and 26 inhabitants in the townland. As of the 2011 census, Downs townland had a population of 12 people in 5 houses.
Jeris McIntyre
Jeris McIntyre (born July 4, 1981) is an American former professional football wide receiver who was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the sixth round of the 2004 NFL draft. McIntyre played college football for the Auburn Tigers from 2000 to 2003, and led the team with receptions and yards in 2003. Jeris played for the Kansas City Chiefs as well as NFL Europe's Rhein Fire an NFL developmental team, where he made the All-Europe team.

Rhein Fire (NFL Europe)
The Rhein Fire were a professional football team in the NFL Europe, formerly the World League of American Football. Established in Düsseldorf, Germany in 1995, the franchise resurrected the name of the former Birmingham Fire team which was active during the 1991–1992 WLAF seasons.
Hohle Fels
The Hohle Fels (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːləˈfɛls]; also Hohlefels, Hohler Fels, German for "hollow rock") is a cave in the Swabian Jura of Germany that has yielded a number of important archaeological finds dating from the Upper Paleolithic. Artifacts found in the cave represent some of the earliest examples of prehistoric art and musical instruments ever discovered. The cave is just outside the town of Schelklingen in the state of Baden-Württemberg, near Ulm. Because of the outstanding archeological finds and their cultural significance, in 2017 the site became part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura.

Nicholas Conard
Nicholas J. Conard (born July 23, 1961) is an American and naturalized German citizen who works as an archaeologist and prehistorian. He is the director of the department for early prehistory and quaternary ecology and the founding director of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences (Institut für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie) at the University of Tübingen in Germany.

Conard was born in Cincinnati.
Ames Free Library
The Ames Free Library is a public library designed by noted American architect Henry Hobson Richardson. It is located at 53 Main Street, Easton, Massachusetts, immediately adjacent to another Richardson building, Oakes Ames Memorial Hall.

In 2016 the Ames Free Library won the Best Small Library in America award from the Library Journal. This award was created in 2005 by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to encourage and showcase outstanding libraries serving populations of fewer than 25,000. This marks the second time the library has won this award.

Easton, Massachusetts
Easton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 25,058 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Greater Boston area.

Easton is governed by an elected Select Board. Open Town Meeting acts as the legislative branch of the town. The Select Board chooses a Town Administrator to run the day-to-day operations of the town.
Munkbrogatan
Munkbrogatan  is a street in the western part of Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden.  Stretching south between Munkbron and Mälartorget squares, it forms a parallel street to Munkbroleden and Lilla Nygatan, crossed by Yxsmedsgränd, Kåkbrinken, and Schönfeldts Gränd.

Named after the square at the northern end (which, in turn, was named after the Greyfriars abbey once located on Riddarholmen), the street is, together with the neighbourhood, a product of the reconstruction of the western part of the old town following a major fire in the 17th century. It appears in historical records as Munkbrohamnsgatan ("Munkbro Harbour Street") in 1664 and under its present name in 1691.

The street surface was cobbled in 2003–2005, thus replacing the asphalt of the roadway and the concrete slabs of the pavements.

Munkbron
Munkbron (Swedish: "Monk's Bridge") is a public square on the western waterfront of Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden.  Connected to the square are Stora Gråmunkegränd, Gåsgränd, Lilla Nygatan, Yxsmedsgränd, and Munkbrogatan; while the traffic route Munkbroleden separates it from the canal Riddarholmskanalen.  The square is divided into a northern and a southern part by the block Aurora in which the so-called Petersen House is found.
Electric clock
An electric clock is a clock that is powered by electricity, as opposed to a mechanical clock which is powered by a hanging weight or a mainspring. The term is often applied to the electrically powered mechanical clocks that were used before quartz clocks were introduced in the 1980s. The first experimental electric clocks were constructed around the 1840s, but they were not widely manufactured until mains electric power became available in the 1890s. In the 1930s, the synchronous electric clock replaced mechanical clocks as the most widely used type of clock.

Master clock
A master clock is a precision clock that provides timing signals to synchronise slave clocks as part of a clock network.  Networks of electric clocks connected by wires to a precision master pendulum clock began to be used in institutions like factories, offices, and schools around 1900.  Modern radio clocks are synchronised by radio signals or Internet connections to a worldwide time system called Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is governed by primary reference atomic clocks in many countries.

A modern, atomic version of a master clock is the large clock ensemble found at the U.S. Naval Observatory.
Silent Snow, Secret Snow
"Silent Snow, Secret Snow" (1932) is Conrad Aiken's best-known short story, often included in anthologies of classic American horror and fantasy short fiction. It was first published in the Autumn 1932 issue of the Virginia Quarterly Review.  It later appeared in The Collected Stories of Conrad Aiken in 1934, and since then has been widely anthologized.

Conrad Aiken
Conrad Potter Aiken (August 5, 1889 – August 17, 1973) was an American writer and poet, honored with a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award, and was United States Poet Laureate from 1950 to 1952. His published works include poetry, short stories, novels, literary criticism, a play, and an autobiography.
Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.

In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it "the jewel of physics" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.: Ch1  It is the most precise and stringently tested theory in physics.

Classical electromagnetism
Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of physics focused on the study of interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model. It is, therefore, a classical field theory. The theory provides a description of electromagnetic phenomena whenever the relevant length scales and field strengths are large enough that quantum mechanical effects are negligible. For small distances and low field strengths, such interactions are better described by quantum electrodynamics which is a quantum field theory.
Arvand Gushnasp
Arvand Gushnasp was an Iranian nobleman, who briefly served as the marzban (governor) of Sasanian Iberia from 540 to 541. He was headquartered in Tbilisi, and was succeeded as marzban by Vezhan Buzmihr.

According to the modern historian Stephen H. Rapp Jr, Arvand Gushnasp may well have been a member of the Mihranid clan, thus perhaps being a Parthian prince by origin, although "one who had come from Iran directly".

Sasanian Iberia
Sasanian Iberia (Georgian: სასანური ქართლი, romanized: sasanuri kartli; Middle Persian: 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭, wirōzān/wiruzān/wiručān) was the period the Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) was under the suzerainty of the Sasanian Empire. The period includes when it was ruled by Marzbans (governors) appointed by the Sasanid Iranian king, and later through the Principality of Iberia.
Zeitmaße
Zeitmaße (German pronunciation: [ˈtsaɪtmasə]; German for "Time Measures") is a chamber-music work for five woodwinds (flute, oboe, cor anglais, clarinet, and bassoon) composed in 1955–1956 by German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen; it is Number 5 in the composer's catalog. It is the first of three wind quintets written by Stockhausen, followed by Adieu für Wolfgang Sebastian Meyer (1966) and the Rotary Wind Quintet (1997), but is scored with cor anglais instead of the usual French horn of the standard quintet. Its title refers to the different ways that musical time is treated in the composition.

Cor anglais
The cor anglais (UK: /ˌkɔːr ˈɒŋɡleɪ/, US: /- ɑːŋˈɡleɪ/ or original French: [kɔʁ ɑ̃ɡlɛ]; plural: cors anglais), or English horn (mainly North America), is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is approximately one and a half times the length of an oboe, making it essentially an alto oboe in F.

The cor anglais is a transposing instrument pitched in F, a perfect fifth lower than the oboe (a C instrument). This means that music for the cor anglais is written a perfect fifth higher than the instrument sounds. The fingering and playing technique used for the cor anglais are essentially the same as those of the oboe, and oboists typically double on the cor anglais when required.  The cor anglais normally lacks the lowest B♭ key found on most oboes, and so its sounding range stretches from E3 (written B♮) below middle C to C6 two octaves above middle C. Some versions have a Low B♭ key to extend the range down one more note to sounding E♭3.
East Andover, New Hampshire
East Andover is an unincorporated community in the town of Andover in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The center of the community forms the East Andover Village Center Historic District.

The village is located on the east shore of Highland Lake, along New Hampshire Route 11 in the eastern portion of Andover. Route 11 runs east to Franklin and New Hampshire's Lakes Region, and runs west to the rest of Andover and the Lake Sunapee region. The village was a station along the former Northern Railroad connecting Concord to the southeast with White River Junction, Vermont to the northwest. The railroad grade is now the route of the Northern Rail Trail, currently extending from Penacook in the east to Lebanon in the west.

East Andover has a separate ZIP code (03231) from the rest of the town of Andover.

Merrimack County, New Hampshire
Merrimack County is a county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 153,808, making it the third most populous county in New Hampshire. Its county seat is Concord, the state capital. The county was organized in 1823 from parts of Hillsborough and Rockingham counties, and is named for the Merrimack River. Merrimack County comprises the Concord, NH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn constitutes a portion of the Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA–RI–NH–CT Combined Statistical Area. In 2010, the center of population of New Hampshire was located in Merrimack County, in the town of Pembroke.
Rochy Putiray
Rochy Melkiano Putiray (born 26 June 1970) is an Indonesian former footballer who played as a striker for Indonesia national football team. He was likely the most recognizable player on the Indonesia national football team due to his brightly colored and constantly changing hair.

In his career, Putiray has played for Arseto Solo, Dukla Prague, Persija Jakarta, Instant-Dict, Kitchee and South China.  He moved to Instant-Dict after being spotted by the Hong Kong club during the Asian Cup Qualifier between Hong Kong and Indonesia.  He helped Kitchee beat AC Milan 2–1 by scoring 2 goals during a friendly match in 2004. He graduated from Faculty of Law in Universitas Surakarta (UNSA), a university based in Surakarta, Indonesia. In 2012, he began to coach UNSA sport school, in his native Indonesia.

Persija Jakarta
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jakarta (lit. 'Indonesian Football Association of Jakarta'), abbreviated as Persija (Indonesian pronunciation: [pərsidʒa]), is an Indonesian professional football club based in the Indonesian capital city of Jakarta. Persija Jakarta is one of the most successful football clubs in Indonesia with 2 Indonesian League titles and 9 Perserikatan titles. It has never been in a lower league since a nationwide competition started in 1930. Persija is one of the founders of the Indonesian football association PSSI, along with six other clubs. Persija's rivalry with fellow PSSI founder Persib Bandung, referred to as the Derbi Indonesia, has gone on for decades, occasionally marred by violence.

The club is associated with a women's team and a U-20 team.
Daytona Sportscar
The Daytona Sportscar (sometimes referred to as the Daytona Coupe) is an Australian built reproduction of the Shelby Daytona coupé from 1964. It was built by Richard Bendell, designed by Ross Holder and the chassis builder was Michael Borland.  So far eight have been built, by Victorian race car builder Borland Racing Developments, with the first car built in 2001.  It has competed in several Australian tarmac rallies since, including Targa Tasmania and Targa West.

As well as the Shelby Daytona, the car bears some resemblance to the Ford Shelby GR-1, a 2005 concept car which was based on the same 1964 model.

Targa West
Tarmac West, formerly Targa West,  is a rally event held in and around Perth, Western Australia. The event takes its name from the Targa Florio, a former motoring event held on the island of Sicily, as well as more recent Australian events including Targa Tasmania and Targa New Zealand.

The inaugural event was held in 2005 and won by Ross Dunkerton. Dunkerton also won the 2006 event which ran for four days from 7 September 2006 in a Mitsubishi Lancer EVO IX.
Mount Munday
Mount Munday is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada.  It is 3,356 m (11,010 ft) in elevation and stands in the Waddington Range six kilometres southeast of Mount Waddington 4,019 m (13,186 ft), which is the highest summit in the Coast Mountains.

The peak was named in honour of pioneering climbers Don and Phyllis Munday who first climbed it explored and charted much of the southern Coast Mountains, including much of western Garibaldi Provincial Park near Whistler but also many remote peaks lesser-known than those near the resort.  The Mundays were the discoverers of Mount Waddington, formerly dubbed by them Mystery Mountain; they originally spotted it from Mount Arrowsmith on Vancouver Island but explored the Waddington Range in the hope of locating and measuring it, although someone else performed its first ascent.

Mount Arrowsmith
Mount Arrowsmith is the highest mountain east of Port Alberni on Vancouver Island. Its dominant rock is basalt. The mountain is contained within the Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region and as of September 18, 2009 is designated part of 1,300 ha (3,200 acres) hectare Mt. Arrowsmith Massif Regional Park.
New Holland, Ohio
New Holland is a village in Fayette and Pickaway counties in Ohio, United States.  The population was 804 at the 2020 census.

The Pickaway County portion of New Holland is part of the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Area, while the Fayette County portion, often called West New Holland, is part of the Washington Court House Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Pickaway County, Ohio
Pickaway County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,539. Its county seat is Circleville. Its name derives from the Pekowi band of Shawnee Indians, who inhabited the area. (See List of Ohio county name etymologies.)

Pickaway County is part of the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Beryl Amedee
Beryl Adams Amedée (born October 14, 1964) is an American politician and businesswoman serving as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 51st district. Elected in November 2015, she assumed office on January 11, 2016. She is the Chairwoman of the Louisiana Freedom Caucus.

Louisiana Freedom Caucus
The Louisiana Freedom Caucus is a legislative caucus in the Louisiana State Legislature that promotes ultra-conservative policies that promotes limited governance and a traditional social agenda on issues such as crime, immigration, and public welfare. It is affiliated with the State Freedom Caucus Network. Its members all belong to the Republican Party.
The Beauty of Cadiz
The Beauty of Cadiz (French: La belle de Cadix, Spanish: La bella de Cádiz) is a 1953 French-Spanish musical comedy film directed by Raymond Bernard and Eusebio Fernández Ardavín and starring Luis Mariano, Carmen Sevilla and Jean Tissier. It is an operetta film, based on the 1945 operetta of the same title. It was shot at the Boulogne Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Léon Barsacq.

Eusebio Fernández Ardavín
Eusebio Fernández Ardavín (1898–1965) was a Spanish screenwriter and film director. He was the brother of the playwright Luis Fernández Ardavín. His nephew César Fernández Ardavín who also became a film director, began his career working for Eusebio.
Women in the military
Women have been serving in the military since the inception of organized warfare, in both combat and non-combat roles. Their inclusion in combat missions has increased in recent decades, often serving as pilots, mechanics, and infantry officers.

Since 1914, women have been conscripted in greater numbers, filling a greater variety of roles in Western militaries. In the 1970s, most Western armies began allowing women to serve on active duty in all military branches.

As of 2025, twelve countries (China, Denmark, Eritrea, Israel, Libya, Malaysia, the Netherlands, North Korea, Norway, Peru, Sweden, and Taiwan) conscript women into military service. Of these countries, only four conscript women and men on the same formal conditions: Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. A few other countries have laws allowing for the conscription of women into their armed forces, though with some differences such as service exemptions, length of service, and more.

Loretta Perfectus Walsh
Loretta Perfectus Walsh (April 22, 1896 – August 6, 1925) was the first American woman to officially serve in the United States Armed Forces in a non-nursing capacity. She joined the United States Naval Reserve on March 17, 1917, and subsequently became the first female petty officer in the Naval Reserve when she was sworn in as Chief Yeoman on March 21, 1917.
Show Racism the Red Card
Show Racism the Red Card (SRTRC) is an anti-racism education charity, established in England in January 1996 to harness the high-profile nature of footballers as anti-racist role models to educate against racism throughout society in the United Kingdom.

Show Racism the Red Card started in North Tyneside and now has offices in the United Kingdom as well as other countries. SRtRC produces educational resources including DVDs, education packs and magazines for use with young people, delivers workshops in schools, teacher and adult training and holds educational events with football clubs.

Anti-racism
Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured around conscious efforts and deliberate actions which are intended to create equal opportunities for all people on both an individual and a systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be engaged in by the acknowledgment of personal privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts include the Black Lives Matter movement and workplace anti-racism.
Kingston Branch
The Kingston Branch was a major railway line in Southland, New Zealand.  It formed part of New Zealand's national rail network for over a century: construction began in 1864, Kingston was reached in 1878, and it closed in 1979.  For much of its life, it was considered a secondary main line rather than a branch line, and in its earlier years, it was sometimes known as the "Great Northern Railway". The southern portion now forms a part of the Wairio Branch, while the northernmost 14 kilometres (8+3⁄4 mi) was used by the Kingston Flyer.

Kingston, New Zealand
Kingston is a small town at the southernmost end of Lake Wakatipu, just north of the border of Otago and Southland, in New Zealand's South Island. It is 47 kilometres south of Queenstown by a road, "The Devil's Staircase", which winds between the lake to the west and The Remarkables mountains to the east. It is 70 kilometres north of Lumsden, and close to the headwaters of the Mataura River.