hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Completion of a ring
In abstract algebra, a completion is any of several related functors on rings and modules that result in complete topological rings and modules. Completion is similar  to localization, and together they are among the most basic tools in analysing commutative rings. Complete commutative rings have a simpler structure than general ones, and Hensel's lemma applies to them. In algebraic geometry, a completion of a ring of functions R on a space X concentrates on a formal neighborhood of a point of X: heuristically, this is a neighborhood so small that all Taylor series centered at the point are convergent. An algebraic completion is constructed in a manner analogous to completion of a metric space with Cauchy sequences, and agrees with it in the case when R has a metric given by a non-Archimedean absolute value.

Complete metric space
In mathematical analysis, a metric space M is called complete (or a Cauchy space) if every Cauchy sequence of points in M has a limit that is also in M.

Intuitively, a space is complete if there are no "points missing" from it (inside or at the boundary). For instance, the set of rational numbers is not complete, because e.g.  is "missing" from it, even though one can construct a Cauchy sequence of rational numbers that converges to it (see further examples below). It is always possible to "fill all the holes", leading to the completion of a given space, as explained below.
Marshall, Michigan
Marshall is a city in and the county seat of Calhoun County, Michigan. The population was 6,822 at the 2020 census.

Marshall is best known for its cross-section of 19th- and early 20th-century architecture and as the future home of Ford Motor Company's BlueOval Battery Park. It has been referred to by the keeper of the National Register of Historic Places as a "virtual textbook of 19th-Century American architecture." Its historic center is the Marshall Historic District, one of the nation's largest architecturally significant National Historic Landmark Districts. The Landmark has over 850 buildings, including the Honolulu House.

Marshall Historic District
The Marshall Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District that encompasses a significant portion of the central residential and commercial area of Marshall, Michigan.  The district is nationally significant for the remarkably unified and well-preserved street plan, architecture, and public infrastructure, one of the largest such concentrations in the nation.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.
Viv Groskop
Viv Groskop (born 8 July 1973) is a British journalist, writer and comedian. She has written for publications including The Guardian, Evening Standard, The Observer, Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday and Red magazine. She writes on arts, books, popular culture and current affairs, identifying as a feminist. Groskop is a stand-up comedian, MC and improviser who was a finalist in Funny Women 2012 and semi-finalist in So You Think You're Funny 2012. She is an agony aunt for The Pool and host of the Mint Velvet clothing podcast "We are Women".

Funny Women
Funny Women is an online and in-person workshop community dedicated to the support of female comedians. It was founded by Lynne Parker in 2002 as a reaction to misogynistic comments from a comedy promoter. Funny Women helps women find their voice, promote them, and assists charities.

During the 2019 Funny Women Awards Final, Funny Women announced that their new Patron (renamed Matron), would be Jo Brand.
Keg stand
A keg stand is a drinking activity where the participant does a handstand on a keg of beer and attempts to drink as much as possible at once or to drink for as long as possible.
Other people will help hold up the drinker's legs, and will hold the keg tap in the stander's mouth, as they will have both hands occupied with the handstand.

Keg
A keg is a small cask used for storing liquids. Wooden kegs made by a cooper were used to transport nails, gunpowder, and a variety of liquids. Nowadays a keg is normally constructed of stainless steel, although aluminium can be used if it is coated with plastic on the inside. It is commonly used to store, transport, and serve beer. Other alcoholic or non-alcoholic drinks, carbonated or non-carbonated, may be housed in a keg as well. Carbonated drinks are generally kept under pressure in order to maintain carbon dioxide in solution, preventing the beverage from becoming flat.
East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing
The East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing was an art learning environment established by  Cedric Morris and Arthur Lett-Haines in East Anglia in 1937. It was run on very idiosyncratic lines based upon the "free rein" approach that was then current in French academies. It had a great influence on many Suffolk artists and made an important contribution to art teaching in the east of England for forty years.

Lucian Freud
Lucian Michael Freud OM CH (/frɔɪd/; 8 December 1922 – 20 July 2011) was a British painter and draughtsman, specialising in figurative art, who is known as one of the foremost 20th-century English portraitists.

His early career as a painter was influenced by surrealism, and afterwards by expressionism, but by the early 1950s his often stark and alienated paintings tended towards realism. Freud was an intensely private and guarded man, and his paintings, completed over a 60-year career, are mostly of friends and family. They are generally sombre and thickly impastoed, often set in unsettling interiors and urban landscapes. The works are noted for their psychological penetration and often discomfiting examination of the relationship between artist and model. Freud worked from life studies and was known for asking for extended and punishing sittings from his models.
2025 Firestone Grand Prix of St. Petersburg
The 2025 Firestone Grand Prix of St. Petersburg was the first round of the 2025 IndyCar season. The race was held on March 2, 2025, in St. Petersburg,  Florida at the streets of St. Petersburg. The race took the scheduled 100 laps to complete. Álex Palou won the race, Scott Dixon finished 2nd, and Josef Newgarden finished 3rd. Scott McLaughlin and Kyle Kirkwood rounded out the top five, while Marcus Ericsson, Felix Rosenqvist, Christian Lundgaard, Rinus VeeKay, and Alexander Rossi rounded out the top ten.

A collision on the first lap resulted in the retiring of Nolan Siegel, Will Power, and Louis Foster.

Álex Palou
Álex Palou Montalbo (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈaləks ˈpalɔw monˈtalbu]; born 1 April 1997) is a Spanish racing driver who drives for Chip Ganassi Racing in the IndyCar Series, where he won the 2021, 2023, 2024, and 2025 championships and the 2025 Indianapolis 500. He is the first Spanish racing driver to win a national championship in American open-wheel racing history and also the first Spaniard to win in the GP3 Series and the Indianapolis 500.
Lung Lough Gara Way
The Lung Lough Gara Way is a long-distance trail in Ireland. It is a 58-kilometre (36-mile) hiking trail that begins in Castlerea, County Roscommon. It is typically completed in three days. It forms part of the Beara-Breifne Way and shares part of its route with the Suck Valley Way. The trail follows quiet local roads, pasture and bog land to link in with the Miners Way. It has received funding for its development from the Irish government.

Castlerea
Castlerea (/ˌkæsəlˈriː/ KASS-əl-REE; Irish: An Caisleán Riabhach, meaning 'brindled castle') is a town in County Roscommon, Ireland. It is located in the west of the county and had a population of 2,348 at the 2022 census. Roughly translated from Irish, Castlerea is generally thought to mean 'brindled castle' (Caisleán Riabhach). An alternative translation is 'castle of the king' (Caisleán Rí). The town is built on the banks of the River Suck and the River Francis, both of which are tributaries of the River Shannon.
Oh Se-young
Oh Se-young is a South Korean actress. She is known for her roles in dramas such as Thirty-Nine, Alice, The Beauty Inside  and VIP. She also appeared in movies such as The Nightmare, Hundred Years Later, There's No One, Diary and The Day I Died: Unclosed Case.

Thirty-Nine
Thirty-Nine (Korean: 서른, 아홉; RR: Seoreun, ahop) is a 2022 South Korean television series directed by Kim Sang-ho and starring Son Ye-jin, Jeon Mi-do, and Kim Ji-hyun. The series remake of Chinese Drama Nothing But Thirty revolves around the life, friendship, romances, and love of three friends who are about to turn forty. It premiered on JTBC on February 16, 2022, and aired every Wednesday and Thursday at 22:30 (KST) for 12 episodes. It is available for streaming on Netflix.

The last episode of the series logged its highest ratings national wide: of 8.1%. Additionally, it was listed for four weeks in the Global Top 10 weekly list of the most-watched international Netflix TV shows as of April 3.
Shavim
Shavim (Hebrew: שווים) is an album by Israeli singers Ran Danker and Ilai Botner. It became number one in Israel with 'Bo’i Nazov'" being voted Israel's song of the year in 2007. The album includes the song Ani Esh (Hebrew: אני אש; "I am a fire").

Ran Danker
Ran Danker (Hebrew: רן דנקר; born Khalil Yosef Danker on January 7, 1984) is an Israeli–American actor, singer and model. He starred in hit Israeli series such as HaShir Shelanu (2004–2007), The Gordin Cell (2012–2015), Miguel (2018) and more. Danker received an Ophir Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Eyes Wide Open (2009). Danker was also nominated for an Ophir Award for Best Actor for his role in Doubtful (2017).
Trinitarian steeple
A trinitarian steeple is a three-point steeple typical of the province of Soule in the  Northern Basque Country of France. The three points symbolize the Holy Trinity. They are generally located above flat facades, sometimes called  steeple-walls.

Villages with a trinitarian steeple building include:

Agnos

Arrast

Aussurucq

Berrogain-Laruns

Charritte-de-Bas

Espès-Undurein

Gotein-Libarrenx

Idaux-Mendy

Mauléon (Chapel of the College)

Moncayolle

Viellenave-de-Navarrenx

Viodos-Abense-de-Bas

Berrogain-Laruns

Agnos

Viodos-Abense-de-Bas

Chapel Saint-Antoine on the col d'Osquich

Agnos
Agnos (French pronunciation: [aɲɔs]; Occitan: Anhòs) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. Agnos is part of the urban area (unité urbaine) of Oloron-Sainte-Marie.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Agnosiens or Agnosiennes.
WARS (gene)
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme that attaches the amino acid tryptophan to its cognate tRNA. In humans, it is encoded by the WARS gene.

Two forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase exist, a cytoplasmic form, named WARS, and a mitochondrial form, named WARS2. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA(trp) with tryptophan and is induced by interferon. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to the class I tRNA synthetase family. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS or ARS), also called aminoacyl-tRNA ligase, is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its corresponding tRNA. It does so by catalyzing the transesterification of a specific cognate amino acid or its precursor to one of all its compatible cognate tRNAs to form an aminoacyl-tRNA. In humans, the 20 different types of aa-tRNA are made by the 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, one for each amino acid of the genetic code.

This is sometimes called "charging" or "loading" the tRNA with an amino acid. Once the tRNA is charged, a ribosome can transfer the amino acid from the tRNA onto a growing peptide, according to the genetic code. Aminoacyl tRNA therefore plays an important role in RNA translation, the expression of genes to create proteins.
Elias John Kwandikwa
Elias John Kwandikwa (1 July 1966 – 2 August 2021) was a Tanzanian CCM politician and Member of Parliament for the Ushetu constituency from 2015 to 2021.

He was a Deputy Minister of Works, Transport and Communications, until 9 October 2017.
He then served as Minister of Defence and National Service from December 2020 until his death in August 2021.

Ministry of Defence and National Service (Tanzania)
The Ministry of Defence and National Service (MODANS) is the government ministry of Tanzania that is responsible for defence and national service.

The ministry was established as an independent ministry in November 1995. It was under the control of the office of Second Vice President from 1972 to 1989, and under the control of the office of the President of Tanzania from 1989 to November 1995.
Bless This Mess (Bamboo Mañalac album)
Bless This Mess is the second studio album by Bamboo Mañalac. Its lead single is "Firepower".

"Firepower" debuted at number one on MYX charts. The second release, "Nothing Like You", peaked at number 9 on Pinoy MYX Countdown and number 13 on MYX Hit Chart. "C@ll", the album's third release, premiered on New Year's Day 2017 on MYX. It peaked at number 2 on MYX Daily Top 10: Pinoy Edition (as of January 6, 2017) and number 3 on Pinoy MYX Countdown (as of January 7, 2017).

Bamboo Mañalac
Francisco Gaudencio Lope Belardo Mañalac (Tagalog pronunciation: [mɐɲaˈlɐk]; born March 21, 1976), popularly known as Bamboo Mañalac or simply by the mononym Bamboo, is a Filipino musician, singer, and songwriter. He began his career as vocalist and original frontman of Rivermaya and later fronted his own band, Bamboo. Bamboo band disbanded in 2011 and Mañalac then pursued a solo career and released his first solo album, No Water, No Moon.

Mañalac is known for his distinct vocals, which combines elements of rock with a mellow technique; he also has a notably eccentric style in live performances. His musical and singing style as well as his band's polished sound have made him an icon in the Philippine music industry.
Dalboșeț
Dalboșeț (Hungarian: Dalbosec) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania with a population of 1,919 people. It is composed of seven villages: Bârz, Boina, Boinița, Dalboșeț, Prislop, Reșița Mică (Kisresica) and Șopotu Vechi (Ósopot).

Șopotu Vechi has many old water mills built on the Șopotu river, a tributary of the Nera river. It was there that Iosif Traian Bădescu, a future bishop of Caransebeș, was born in 1858.

Nera (Danube)
The Nera (Romanian and Serbian Latin; Serbian Cyrillic: Нера, Hungarian: Néra) is a 124-kilometre-long (77-mile) river running through Romania and Serbia. It is a left tributary of the Danube, which it joins near Banatska Palanka. Its length is 143 km (89 mi) and its basin size is 1,380 km2 (530 sq mi) (Black Sea drainage basin). The Nera is not navigable.
Willem Kloos
Willem Johannes Theodorus Kloos (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɪləm ˈkloːs]; 6 May 1859 – 31 March 1938) was a nineteenth-century Dutch poet and literary critic. He was one of the prominent figures of the Movement of Eighty and became editor in chief of De Nieuwe Gids after the editorial fracture in 1893. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.

Frederik van Eeden
Frederik Willem van Eeden (3 April 1860, Haarlem – 16 June 1932, Bussum) was a late 19th-century and early 20th-century Dutch writer and psychiatrist. He was a leading member of the Tachtigers and the Significs Group, and had top billing among the editors of De Nieuwe Gids (The New Guide) during its celebrated first few years of publication, starting in 1885. Van Eeden adopted vegetarianism in 1890 for health reasons, later promoting it as an ethical stance in works like Het Vegetariaat (1896), but gradually distanced himself from it in the early 20th century as his philosophical views shifted.
Will Langhorne
William Langhorne (born July 29, 1974, in Washington, D.C.), is a race car driver sponsored by Porsche. He is also a former driver in the Indy Racing League. After coming up through karting and the Skip Barber Racing Schools, he drove in the Barber Dodge Pro Series from 1997 to 1999 and Toyota Atlantic in 1999 and 2000. He reached his goal of top-level open-wheel racing when he competed in the 2002 IRL season with three starts for Treadway Racing. His best career IRL finish was in thirteenth position in the Delphi Indy 300 at the Chicagoland Speedway. In 2003, he raced in Formula 3000 for BCN Competicion.
In 2004 and 2005, he raced in the ARCA ReMax Series. In 2006, he raced for Molitor Racing in the Porsche Michelin Supercup Series that tours with Formula One.

Langhorne is an alumnus of Burke Mountain Academy and Babson College.

Treadway Racing
Treadway Racing is a former auto racing team that competed in the early seasons of the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series.  The team was owned by Indianapolis business man Fred Treadway. Prior to the IRL's inaugural season in 1996, Treadway was able to sign former Indianapolis 500 Champion Arie Luyendyk to drive for his freshman team. Additionally, two long time backers of IndyCar teams, Bryant Heating & Cooling Systems and Jonathan Byrd's Cafeteria, were secured as sponsors.
Barbados Sky
Barbados Sky is the first and only LP released by Typically Tropical, released in 1975. It was most famous for its hit single "Barbados". The musicians included top session players Chris Spedding, Roger Coulam, Vic Flick, Joe Moretti, Clem Cattini and Alan Caddy.

Typically Tropical
Typically Tropical were a British band comprising two Trojan Records audio engineers, Jeff Calvert and Geraint Hughes (who performed under the stage name "Max West"). They are best known for their 1975 number one hit record "Barbados" and for writing the 1978 disco hit "I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper" performed by Sarah Brightman and Hot Gossip.
1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 47th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 24th modern-era Cup series season. The season began on February 12 in Daytona Beach and concluded on November 12 at the Atlanta Motor Speedway. Jeff Gordon of Hendrick Motorsports won his first career championship.

Jeremy Mayfield
Jeremy Allen Mayfield (born May 27, 1969) is an American semi-retired professional stock car racing driver. He drove cars for the Sadler brothers, T.W. Taylor, Cale Yarborough, Michael Kranefuss, Roger Penske, Ray Evernham, Bill Davis, and Gene Haas. In 2009, he drove for his own team, Mayfield Motorsports.

On May 9, 2009, Mayfield was suspended indefinitely as both owner and driver by NASCAR following what NASCAR said was a positive test for methamphetamine.  A federal judge weighed the evidence and temporarily lifted the suspension on July 1 of that same year. On July 15, NASCAR said Mayfield had tested positive for methamphetamine for the second time after failing a random drug test on July 6. On July 24, a federal appeals court overturned the previous injunction Mayfield had been awarded, leaving him suspended from the sport.
Mitochondrial ribosome
The mitochondrial ribosome, or mitoribosome, is a ribonucleoprotein complex that is active in mitochondria and functions as a riboprotein for translating mitochondrial mRNAs encoded in mtDNA. The mitoribosome is attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitoribosomes, like all ribosomes, consist of two subunits — large (mt-LSU) and small (mt-SSU).  Mitoribosomes consist of several specific proteins and only 2 rRNAs. While mitochondrial rRNAs are encoded in the mitochondrial genome, the proteins that make up mitoribosomes are encoded in the nucleus and assembled by cytoplasmic ribosomes before being transported to the mitochondria.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Elliot Reid
Elliot Reid-Dorian, M.D. is a fictional character played by Sarah Chalke in the American comedy-drama Scrubs. She appeared in every episode during the first eight seasons, except for two Season 8 episodes, "My Last Words" and "My Lawyer's in Love".

Chalke was a regular cast member for the first eight seasons and appeared in four episodes of Season 9. Elliot is a close friend and a frequent love interest to protagonist John "J.D." Dorian (Zach Braff) for the first eight seasons, and in Season 9, she becomes his wife. The character of Elliot Reid is also close to other series characters, including Carla Espinosa (Judy Reyes) and Christopher Turk (Donald Faison).

Scott Foley
Scott Kellerman Foley  (born July 15, 1972) is an American actor, director and producer, who is known for roles on shows such as The Unit, Scrubs, Felicity, and Scandal. In film, he's most known as Roman Bridger in Scream 3. He has also guest starred on Grey's Anatomy, Dawson's Creek, and House.
Deer musk
Deer musk is a substance with a persistent odor, obtained from the caudal glands of the male musk deer.

Although more commonly referred to as "musk", the term itself is often used to describe a wide variety of "musky" substances from other animals such as the African civet ("civet musk") or various synthetic musks whose compound exhibits some character of deer musk.

The demand for deer musk has led to a severe decrease in musk deer populations; however, musk can be removed from the gland of live male deer without killing the animal and without harming their growth, breeding and health. The extraction of musk from live deer has been successfully conducted many times and the characteristics of musk have been studied at the Kathmandu Zoo in Nepal. Six of the seven musk producing species are listed as endangered.

It is also known as kastūrī in rural Indian regions where they are used to make perfumes and face masks.

Scent gland
Scent gland are exocrine glands found in most mammals. They produce semi-viscous secretions which contain pheromones and other semiochemical compounds. These odor-messengers indicate information such as status, territorial marking, mood, and sexual behaviour. The odor may be subliminal—not consciously detectable. Though it is not their primary function, the salivary glands may also function as scent glands in some animals.
Abdul Gafur (language activist)
Mohammad Abdul Gafur (19 February 1929 – 27 September 2024) was a Bangladeshi journalist, teacher, writer and language activist of the Bengali language movement that took place in the erstwhile East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh) to make Bengali one of the state languages of Pakistan. He was one of the noted members of Tamaddun Majlish, an Islamic cultural organization which played a vital role at the start of the movement.

In recognition of his contributions to the language movement, he was awarded Ekushey Padak by the Government of Bangladesh in 2005.

Tamaddun Majlish
The Tamaddun Majlish (Bengali: তমদ্দুন মজলিশ), formerly Pakistan Tamaddun Majlish, is an Islamic cultural organization in Bangladesh, established in 1947 by Principal Abul Kashem in the former East Pakistan. It was one of the founding organizations of the Bengali language movement.