hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damiyah Bridge
The Damiyah Bridge (Arabic: جسر الدامية, romanized: Jisr ed-Damieh, lit. 'Bridge of ed-Damieh'), known as Prince Muhammad Bridge in Jordan, and as Gesher Adam (Hebrew: גשר אדם, lit. 'Adam Bridge') in Israel, is a historical bridge that crosses the Jordan River and located between the Palestinian territories and the town of Damia in the Balqa Governorate in Jordan.

In 1918, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War, it was captured by Imperial British forces. At the time it was used as part of the Nablus – Es Salt – Amman road.

After 1991 it was used only for goods transported by truck between Israel, the West Bank and Jordan until its closure for security reasons sometime between 2002 and 2005 during the Second Intifada. As of 2014, the Israeli side is part of a closed military area.

Jordan River
The Jordan River or River Jordan (Arabic: نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; Hebrew: נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (Arabic: نهر الشريعة), is a 251-kilometre-long (156 mi) endorheic river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee and drains to the Dead Sea. The river passes by or through Jordan, Syria, Israel, and Palestine.

Jordan and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights border the river to the east, while Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank lie to its west. Both Jordan and the West Bank derive their names in relation to the river. The river holds major significance in Judaism and Christianity. According to the Bible, the Israelites crossed it into the Promised Land and Jesus of Nazareth was baptized by John the Baptist in it.
Super Noypi
Super Noypi is a 2006 Filipino action superhero fantasy film released on December 25, 2006, directed by Quark Henares and produced by Regal Films. It was an official entry to the 32nd Metro Manila Film Festival. This was the last movie appearance of Sandara Park throughout her showbiz career in the Philippines.

Polo Ravales
Paul Patrick Rodil Gruenberg (born June 27, 1982), simply known as Polo Ravales, is a Filipino actor and model. Engaged to Paulyn Quiza, the couple had a son, Yatrick Paul (born September 5, 2021). He is a fitness coach and Managing Director of their International Manpower family business.
Hiroshima Castle
Hiroshima Castle (広島城, Hiroshima-jō), sometimes called Carp Castle (鯉城, Rijō), is a castle in Hiroshima, Japan that was the residence of the daimyō (feudal lord) of the Hiroshima Domain. The castle was originally constructed in the 1590s, but much of it was dismantled in the Meiji era, and what remained was largely destroyed by the atomic bombing on August 6, 1945. The main keep was rebuilt in 1958, a replica of the original that now serves as a museum of Hiroshima's history before the Second World War, and other castle buildings have been reconstructed since.

Fukushima Masanori
Fukushima Masanori (福島 正則; 1561 – August 26, 1624) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Sengoku period to early Edo period and served as the lord of the Hiroshima Domain. A retainer of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he fought in the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583 and soon became known as one of the Seven Spears of Shizugatake, alongside Katō Kiyomasa and others.
Battle of Hohenfriedberg
The Battle of Hohenfriedberg  or Hohenfriedeberg (now Dobromierz, Poland), also known as the Battle of Striegau (now Strzegom, Poland) was one of Frederick the Great's most admired victories. Frederick's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austro-Saxon army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine on June 4, 1745, during the Second Silesian War – part of the War of the Austrian Succession.

Strzegom
Strzegom [ˈstʂɛɡɔm] (German: Striegau) is a town in Świdnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina Strzegom administrative district (gmina).

Strzegom is one of the oldest towns in Lower Silesia, with a settlement dating back to Antiquity. In the Middle Ages Strzegom became the seat of a castellan and a centre for clothmaking, linen-making and brewing, and since the early modern period it became known for granite mining, to which it owes the title of the "capital of Polish granite". The town has a number of precious heritage sites, most notably the Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, one of the most outstanding examples of Gothic architecture in Poland, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.
Varanidae
The Varanidae are a family of lizards in the superfamily Varanoidea and order Anguimorpha. The family, a group of carnivorous and frugivorous lizards, includes the living genus Varanus and a number of extinct genera more closely related to Varanus than to the earless monitor lizard (Lanthanotus). Varanus includes the Komodo dragon (the largest living lizard), crocodile monitor, savannah monitor, the goannas of Australia and Southeast Asia, and various other species with a similarly distinctive appearance. Their closest living relatives are the earless monitor lizard and Chinese crocodile lizard. The oldest members of the family are known from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia.

Anguimorpha
The Anguimorpha is a suborder of squamates. The group was named by Fürbringer in 1900 to include all autarchoglossans closer to Varanus and Anguis than Scincus. These lizards, along with iguanians and snakes, constitute the proposed "venom clade" Toxicofera of all venomous reptiles.
41st Field Artillery Brigade (United States)
The 41st Field Artillery Brigade ("Rail Gunners)" is a Field Artillery Brigade of the United States Army. Initially only operating from October to December of 1918, it has since operated as a Brigade level staff from 1921 to 1931, 1942–1944, 1952–1969, 1972–2005, 2007–2015, and 2018 to present. It has been stationed in Virginia, Hawaii, Oklahoma, Texas, and Germany. It has served in World War II, Vietnam, Operations Desert Shield & Desert Storm, Kosovo, and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Task Force Hawk
Task Force Hawk was a United States military unit constructed and deployed by General Wesley Clark to provide additional support to NATO's Operation Allied Force against the Yugoslav government during the 1999 unrest in the Serbian autonomous region of Kosovo. The task force was to operate from March 1999 until June 1999 when Slobodan Milošević withdrew the Yugoslav Army from Kosovo.

Task Force Hawk, which never fired a round, has been hailed as both one of the largest blunders and largest successes by the U.S. military in recent years. This action has been reviewed and analyzed from every angle to determine what went right and what went wrong.
Overblown (book)
Overblown: How Politicians and the Terrorism Industry Inflate National Security Threats, and Why We Believe Them is a book by the American political scientist John E. Mueller published in 2006. It argues that the threat presented by terrorism, like many other security threats, has been much inflated.

John Mueller
John E. Mueller (born June 21, 1937) is an American political scientist in the field of international relations as well as a scholar of the history of dance. He is recognized for his ideas concerning "the banality of 'ethnic war'" and the theory that major world conflicts are quickly becoming obsolete.
Markstay-Warren
Markstay-Warren is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the Sudbury District. Highway 17, from the city limits of Greater Sudbury to the Sudbury District's border with Nipissing District, lies entirely within Markstay-Warren. The town had a population of 2,708 in the 2021 Canadian census.

The town was created on January 1, 1999, by the amalgamation of the incorporated Townships of Ratter and Dunnet and Hagar, the geographic township of Awrey, and parts of the geographic townships of Hawley, Henry, Loughrin, and Street. Along with the municipalities of St. Charles and French River, it is part of the region known as Sudbury East.

In the 2016 Canadian census, Markstay-Warren was added for the first time to Greater Sudbury's census metropolitan area.

Sudbury East
Sudbury East was a provincial electoral riding in the Canadian province of Ontario, that was represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1967 to 1999. It served the easternmost portion of the former city of Sudbury, the eastern portion of the Regional Municipality of Sudbury, and several rural communities to the east and southeast of the city. The riding only existed in provincial elections — for federal elections, most of Sudbury East was part of either Nickel Belt or Timiskaming—French River.

In 1999, the provincial government realigned its ridings to match the federal riding boundaries, and Sudbury East was amalgamated into the provincial Nickel Belt district. Shelley Martel, the incumbent MPP for Sudbury East prior to the 1999 election, continued to represent the region for another eight years as the MPP for Nickel Belt.
Karel Klíč
Karel Václav Klíč (sometimes written Karl Klietsch, 30 May 1841, Hostinné – 16 November 1926, Vienna) was a Czech painter, photographer, early comics artist, caricaturist, lithographer and illustrator. He was one of the inventors of photogravure (heliogravura in Czech).

Klíč had such artistic talent that he was admitted into the Art Academy in Prague at the age of 14. For ridiculing school officials he was soon expelled, but eventually finished the school in 1862. Klíč worked as a photographer, caricaturist and illustrator in Brno, Budapest and Vienna, all the time trying to improve the technology of picture reproduction. During a long night in 1877, while working with zinc relief etching, he discovered, by chance, a process leading to photogravure. He further improved the process in 1890, when working in England.

Photogravure
Photogravure (in French héliogravure) is a process for printing photographs, also sometimes used for reproductive intaglio printmaking. It is a photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive, and then etched, resulting in a high quality intaglio plate that can reproduce detailed continuous tones of a photograph.

The process was important in 19th-century photography, but by the 20th century was only used by some fine art photographers. By the mid-century it was almost extinct, but has seen a limited revival.
Guangfulin
Guangfulin is an archaeological site in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. It is estimated to be over 5,000 years old. Artifacts from the Zhou dynasty have also been unearthed at the site. The site covers 250 square kilometers (c.97 square miles). It was announced to be the Shanghai Cultural Relics Protection Site in December 1977, and was approved by the state council as one of the seventh batch of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in May 2013. The Guangfulin Relics Park is under construction.

Songjiang, Shanghai
Songjiang is a suburban district (formerly a county) of Shanghai. It has a land area of 605.64 km2 (233.84 sq mi) and a population of 1,909,713 (2020). Owing to a long history, Songjiang is known as the cultural root of Shanghai.

Songjiang Town, the urban center of the district, was formerly the major city in the area. It is now connected to downtown Shanghai by Line 9 of the Shanghai Metro.
Pass Pass Pulse
Pass Pass Pulse (trade name: Pulse Candy) is a hard-boiled candy manufactured by Dharampal Satyapal Foods Ltd., a subsidiary of the Indian conglomerate Dharampal Satyapal Group. Launched in 2015, the candy is flavored with raw mango and contains a tangy, spiced filling.

Dharampal Satyapal Group
The Dharampal Satyapal Group (DS Group) is a privately held Indian FMCG conglomerate.
Established in 1929, and headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. The company operates across multiple sectors including food and beverages, confectionery, tobacco, hospitality, and luxury retail.
Stop the World (Aranda album)
Stop the World is the second studio album by American rock band Aranda. The album was released digitally on January 31, 2012, and as a CD on February 14, 2012. It was re-released on October 16, 2012. It includes the single "Undone", and other songs such as "One More Lie" and "Satisfied".

Satisfied (Aranda song)
"Satisfied" is a single from Stop the World, the second studio album from American rock band Aranda.  
Produced by Johnny K, the song was released on March 28, 2012 and reached #16 on the Mainstream Rock chart in October 2012.
Travelling Somewhere
Travelling Somewhere is a live album by South African pianist and composer Chris McGregor's big band Brotherhood of Breath. It was recorded on January 19, 1973, at Lila Eule, a jazz club in Bremen, Germany, and was released by Cuneiform Records in 2001. The recording took place eight days before the concert heard on Live at Willisau (Ogun, 1974).

Brotherhood of Breath
The Brotherhood of Breath was an English-South African big band established in the late-1960s by South African pianist and composer Chris McGregor, an extension of McGregor's previous band, The Blue Notes.
Marin Computer Center
Opened in 1977 in Marin County, California, the Marin Computer Center was the world's first public access microcomputer center.  The non-profit company was co-created by David Fox (later to become one of Lucasfilm Games' founding members) and author Annie Fox.

MCC (as it was known) initially featured the Atari 2600, an Equinox 100, 9 Processor Technology Sol 20 computers (S-100 bus systems), the Radio Shack Model I and the Commodore PET. In addition to providing computer access to the public it had classes on the programming language BASIC. Later, it added Apple II and Atari 8-bit computers, for a total of about 40 systems.

The Foxes left MCC in 1981, turning it over to new management, and later to the teens and young adults who helped run it.

David Fox (game designer)
David Fox (born 30 December 1950, in Los Angeles) is an American multimedia producer who designed and programmed numerous early LucasArts games. He and his wife, Annie Fox, now work on educational software, web design, emotional intelligence content, online communities, emerging technologies, and writing books for children and teens.
Ooha (film)
Ooha is a 1996 Indian Telugu-language romantic thriller film written by and directed by Sivala Prabhakar. It stars Vikram, Ooha, Ali and Subhashri. The film was released on 12 January 1996 and was not successful at the box office.

Subhashri
Bharathi Bhuvania (née Pandey; 18 July 1975) widely known by her stage name Subhashri is an Indian former actress known for her works in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam language films. She is the sister of south actress Malashri, Subhashri starred in about thirty feature films in a variety of roles in films such as Gentleman (1993), Chirabandhavya (1993), Muthu (1995), Pokiri Raja (1995), Pedarayudu (1995), and Minor Mappillai (1996). Subhashri was born in Chennai, her mother tongue is Telugu.
Kỳ Sơn district, Hòa Bình
Kỳ Sơn is a former district of Hòa Bình province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 34,800. The district covers an area of 202 km². The district capital lies at Kỳ Sơn.

The district was annexed by the city of Hòa Bình on December 17, 2019.

Hòa Bình province
Hòa Bình or Hoà Bình (Vietnamese pronunciation: [hʷà ɓìɲ]) was a former mountainous province of Vietnam, located in the nation's Northwest region. It bordered Phú Thọ province and Sơn La province to the northwest, Hanoi to the northeast, Hà Nam province to the east, Ninh Bình province to the southeast and Thanh Hóa province to the south. The province covered an area of about 4,590 km2 (1,772 mi2) and as of 2022 it had a population of 875,380 people. In 2020, the GDP per capita of the province was estimated to be $2625 (equivalent to 60.5 million Vietnamese đồng).

On June 12, 2025, Hòa Bình was incorporated into Phú Thọ province.
Onnu Muthal Poojyam Vare
Onnu Muthal Poojyam Vare (transl. From One to Zero) is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language drama film produced by Navodaya Appachan under Navodaya Studio, written and directed by Reghunath Paleri in his directorial debut. The film features Asha Jayaram and Geethu Mohandas in lead roles. Mohanlal's voice-over appears throughout the film, but he turns up only at the end of the story. Suresh Gopi and Mukesh make cameo appearances.

The film explores the loneliness of a widow and the need for a father figure for her daughter. It won six Kerala State Film Awards for Best Debut Director (Reghunath Paleri), Best Child Artist (Geethu), Best Cinematography (Shaji N. Karun), Best Editor (Shekhar), Best Art Director, and Best Sound Recordist.

Shaji N. Karun
Shaji Neelakantan Karunakaran (1 January 1952 – 28 April 2025), better known as Shaji N. Karun, was 
an Indian film director and cinematographer. His debut film Piravi (1988) won the Caméra d'Or – Mention d'honneur at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. He was the inaugural chairman of the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, the first academy for film and TV in India and was also the executive chairman of the International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK) from 1998 to 2001. He is best known for his award-winning films Piravi (1988), Swaham (1994), Vanaprastham (1999) and Kutty Srank (2009). He won the National Award for Best Director for his debut film Piravi. He also won two Kerala State Film Awards for Best Director for his films Swaham and Vanaprastham. He was the Chairman of Kerala State Film Development Corporation from 2019 to 2025 until his death.
Jeremy Sivits
Jeremy Charles Sivits (December 10, 1979 – January 16, 2022) was a United States Army reservist. He was one of several soldiers charged and convicted by the U.S. Army in connection with the 2003–2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal in Baghdad, Iraq, during and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Sivits was a member of the 372nd Military Police Company during this time.

Sivits took photographs at the Abu Ghraib prison which became notorious after being aired on 60 Minutes II. His father, Daniel Sivits, a former serviceman, said that he was trained as a mechanic, not a prison guard, and that he "was just doing what he was told to do". Sivits was the first soldier convicted in connection with the Abu Ghraib incidents.

He died from COVID-19 in Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania, on January 16, 2022, at age 42, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania.

372nd Military Police Company (United States)
The 372nd Military Police Company is Military Police Corps unit of the United States Army Reserve. It is based out of Cresaptown, Maryland. Eleven former members of the unit were charged and found guilty of war crimes in connection to the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal during the Iraq War. Another member of the unit, Joe Darby, was awarded the Profile in Courage Award by the Kennedy family for exposing the prisoner abuse. The unit is credited with the capture and stabilization of the city of Hillah along with the 1st Marine Regiment. It was also responsible for guarding main supply routes used by American forces in Iraq.
John Chatterton
John Chatterton (born 1951) is an American wreck diver. Together with Richie Kohler, he was one of the co-hosts for the History Channel’s Deep Sea Detectives, for 57 episodes of the series. He is also a consultant to the film and television industries and has worked with 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures, and CBS.

Before his career in television, Chatterton spent twenty years working as a commercial diver in and around New York City. His first co-host and diving partner from Deep Sea Detectives, Michael Norwood, died in a diving accident during an expedition to Palau in December 2003.

Shadow Divers
Shadow Divers: The True Adventure of Two Americans Who Risked Everything to Solve One of the Last Mysteries of World War II is a 2004 non-fiction book by Robert Kurson recounting of the discovery of a World War II German U-boat 60 miles (97 km) off the coast of New Jersey, United States in 1991, exploration dives, and its eventual identification as U-869 lost on 11 February 1945.
Brundibár
Brundibár is a children's opera by Jewish Czech composer Hans Krása with a libretto by Adolf Hoffmeister, made most famous by performances by the children of Theresienstadt concentration camp (Terezín) in occupied Czechoslovakia. The name comes from a Czech colloquialism for a bumblebee.

Hans Krása
Hans Krása (30 November 1899 – 17 October 1944) was a Czech composer. He was killed during the Holocaust at Auschwitz-Birkenau. He helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp.
Marcélia Cartaxo
Marcélia Cartaxo (born 27 October 1963) is a Brazilian actress. She has appeared in more than 30 films and television shows since 1985. She won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 36th Berlin International Film Festival for her role in Hour of the Star.

36th Berlin International Film Festival
The 36th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held 14–25 February 1986. The festival opened with Ginger and Fred by Federico Fellini, which played out of competition at the festival.

The Golden Bear was awarded to West German film Stammheim directed by Reinhard Hauff. The retrospective was in honour of German actress and film producer Henny Porten and the homage was dedicated to American film director Fred Zinnemann. Claude Lanzmann's 9 hour long documentary film  Shoah about The Holocaust was screened at the Young Filmmakers Forum (renamed the International Forum of New Cinema in 1987).
R440 road (Ireland)
The R440 road is a regional road in Ireland linking Birr, County Offaly and Mountrath, County Laois. It passes through the village of Kinnity, County Offaly and from there climbs to the watershed of the Slieve Bloom Mountains north of Stillbrook Hill, crossing at an elevation of 1,503 feet (458 m) into County Laois on the plateau and descending to Mountrath.

The road is 36 km (22 mi) long.

Birr, County Offaly
Birr (/ˈbɜːr/; Irish: Biorra, meaning "plain of water") is a town in County Offaly, Ireland. Between 1620 and 1899, it was called Parsonstown, after the Parsons family who were local landowners and hereditary Earls of Rosse. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.

Birr is a designated Irish Heritage Town with a carefully preserved Georgian heritage. Birr itself has graceful wide streets and elegant buildings. Many of the houses in John's Place and Oxmantown Mall have exquisite fanlight windows of the Georgian period.

The town is known for Birr Castle and Gardens: the home of the Parsons family and the site of the Leviathan of Parsonstown, which was the largest telescope in the world for over 70 years.
Kushinagar
Kushinagar (Pali: Kusinārā; Sanskrit: Kuśinagara) is a town in the Kushinagar district in Uttar Pradesh, India, 53 kilometres (33 miles) east of Gorakhpur on National Highway 27, Kushinagar is a Buddhist pilgrimage site, where Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha died.

National Highway 27 (India)
National Highway 27 (NH 27), an East - West National highway in India that starts in Porbandar and ends in Silchar, the highway passes through the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam.
NH-27 was laid and is maintained by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). It is the second longest National Highway (after NH-44) in India and is a part of NS-EW Corridor of NHAI.
Frank Sullivan (medical doctor)
Frank Sullivan FRSE FRCGP is a Scottish medical doctor who works as a general practitioner (GP) and who is a medical researcher. He is Director of Research at the School of Medicine at University of St Andrews. He was the first Gordon F. Cheesbrough Research Chair in Family and Community Medicine at North York General Hospital, Canada. He was the director of the Scottish School of Primary Care from 2007 to 2014.

Scottish School of Primary Care
The Scottish School of Primary Care (SSPC) is an organisation that co-ordinates a programme of research and training of primary care in Scotland. It is a virtual organisation comprising all academic departments in Scotland that have a significant research output in the primary care domain. The Co-Directors are Professor Jill Hubbard and Professor Lindsey Pope.