hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fisher's exact test
Fisher's exact test (also the Fisher–Irwin test) is a statistical significance test used in the analysis of contingency tables. Although in practice it is employed when sample sizes are small, it is valid for all sample sizes. The test assumes that all row and column sums of the contingency table were fixed by design and tends to be conservative and underpowered outside of this setting. It is one of a class of exact tests, so called because the significance of the deviation from a null hypothesis (e.g., p-value) can be calculated exactly, rather than relying on an approximation that becomes exact in the limit as the sample size grows to infinity, as with many statistical tests.

The test is named after its inventor, Ronald Fisher,  who is said to have devised the test following a comment from Muriel Bristol, who claimed to be able to detect whether the tea or the milk was added first to her cup. He tested her claim in the "lady tasting tea" experiment.

Muriel Bristol
Blanche Muriel Bristol (21 April 1888 – 15 March 1950) was a British phycologist who worked at Rothamsted Research (then Rothamsted Experimental Station) in 1919. Her research focused on the mechanisms by which algae acquire nutrients.
Destrier
The destrier is the best-known war horse of the Middle Ages. It carried knights in battles, tournaments, and jousts. It was described by contemporary sources as the Great Horse, due to its significance.

While highly prized by knights and men-at-arms, the destrier was not very common. Most knights and mounted men-at-arms rode other war horses, such as coursers and rounceys.

Man-at-arms
A man-at-arms was a soldier of the High Medieval to Renaissance periods who was typically well-versed in the use of arms and served as a fully-armoured heavy cavalryman. A man-at-arms could be a knight, or nobleman, a member of a knight's or nobleman's retinue, or a mercenary in a company serving under a captain. Such men could serve for pay or through a feudal obligation. The terms knight and man-at-arms are often used interchangeably, but while all knights equipped for war were men-at-arms, not all men-at-arms were knights.
Niklas Sigvardsson
Niklas Sigvardsson (born 1991) is a Swedish politician. He was elected as Member of the Riksdag in September 2022. He represents the constituency of Jönköping County. He is affiliated with the Social Democrats.

Jönköping County (Riksdag constituency)
Jönköping County (Swedish: Jönköpings Län) is one of the 29 multi-member constituencies of the Riksdag, the national legislature of Sweden. The constituency was established in 1970 when the Riksdag changed from a bicameral legislature to a unicameral legislature. It is conterminous with the county of Jönköping. The constituency currently elects 11 of the 349 members of the Riksdag using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2022 general election it had 271,666 registered electors.
1904 college football season
The 1904 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan, Minnesota, and Penn as having been selected national champions.

1904 was a big year for the South. It was the first year for: Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt, Mike Donahue at Auburn, and John Heisman at Georgia Tech.

1904 Penn Quakers football team
The 1904 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as an independent during the 1904 college football season. In their third season under head coach Carl S. Williams, the Quakers compiled a 12–0 record, shut out 11 of 12 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 222 to 4.<

There was no contemporaneous system in 1904 for determining a national champion. However, Penn was retroactively named as the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, and Parke H. Davis, and as the co-national champion by the National Championship Foundation.

Three Penn players, quarterback Vince Stevenson, fullback Andy Smith, and guard Frank Piekarski, were consensus picks on the 1904 All-America college football team. Other notable players included halfback Marshall Reynolds, end Garfield Weede, center Robert Grant Torrey, and tackle Thomas Alexander Butkiewicz.
Trins
Trins is a municipality in the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 20.3 km south of Innsbruck on the Gschnitzbach. The village was mentioned for the first time in 1030, as “Trunnes”. Formerly a part of the village Gschnitz, Trins became a separate municipality in 1811.

Innsbruck-Land District
The Bezirk Innsbruck-Land is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria. It encloses the Statutarstadt Innsbruck, and borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the district Schwaz in the east, South Tyrol in Italy to the south, and the district of Imst in the west.

Area of the district is 1,990.17 km2, with a population of 181,698 (January 1, 2021), and population density of 91 persons per km2. Administrative center of the district is Innsbruck, located outside of the district itself.
The Seed (novel)
The Seed (Nynorsk: Kimen) is a 1940 novel by the Norwegian writer Tarjei Vesaas. The narrative is set on a small island where a stranger settles. This is soon followed by a mysterious murder case, which creates widespread distrust in the community. The novel was the author's first departure from literary realism into a more allegorical mode of storytelling. An English translation by Kenneth G. Chapman was published in 1964, in a shared volume with Vesaas' novel Spring Night.

The Seed was the basis for a 1974 film with the same title, directed by Erik Solbakken.

Kimen
Kimen (The Seed) is a Norwegian film from 1974 directed by Erik Solbakken. It starred Kjell Stormoen, Svein Sturla Hungnes, Ragnhild Michelsen, Helle Ottesen, Helge Jordal, and Ragnhild Hilt. The film was based on the 1940 novel of the same name by Tarjei Vesaas.
Digby Willoughby, 9th Baron Middleton
Digby Wentworth Bayard Willoughby, 9th Baron Middleton (24 August 1844 – 28 May 1922), was an English nobleman, the eldest son of Henry Willoughby, 8th Baron Middleton.

He was educated at Eton. He served in the 1860s with the Scots Fusilier Guards, retiring with the rank of captain. On 30 July 1869 he was appointed second major in the 1st Administrative Brigade of Yorkshire (East Riding) Artillery Volunteers, of which his father the 8th Baron was honorary colonel. The 9th Baron later commanded the unit as lieutenant-colonel, became Hon Col in turn on 29 May 1879, and held the post into the 20th Century.

On 5 August 1869 married Eliza Maria Gordon-Cumming (16 June 1847 – 27 April 1922 Birdsall House, Birdsall). The couple had no children.

He succeeded his father in 1877 and lived in the Willoughby family seat at Birdsall House which he preferred to Wollaton Park, Nottingham, and died there. He was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother Godfrey Ernest Percival Willoughby.

Birdsall House
Birdsall House is an English country house in Birdsall, North Yorkshire. It is a Grade II* listed building.

The house dates from the late 16th century but was remodelled in 1749 with addition of second storey (third floor) to the main range. A wing was added in 1776 and a matching right wing added in 1872.

It is constructed in ashlar with Welsh slate roofs. The central range is a 3-storey, 5-bay building connected to outlying 2-storey 2-bay side wings by single cell units. The house was the first house in England to benefit from a private gas system.
Jack Potticary
Jack Potticary (born 16 November 1996) is an English cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 28 March 2017 for Leeds/Bradford MCCU against Kent as part of the Marylebone Cricket Club University fixtures.

2017 Marylebone Cricket Club University Matches
The 2017 Marylebone Cricket Club University Matches were a series of first-class cricket matches played between the eighteen County Championship teams and the six Marylebone Cricket Club University teams (MCCU) of England and Wales. Each county side played one fixture against a MCCU side ahead of the start of the 2017 County Championship. Following Leicestershire's match against Loughborough MCCU, bowler Charlie Shreck was found guilty of using obscene language or gestures. This was Leicestershire's fifth fixed penalty in 12 months, resulting in them being deducted 16 points for the 2017 County Championship season.
Grete Rosenberg
Margareta "Grete" Rosenberg (October 7, 1896 – February 5, 1979) was a German freestyle swimmer, who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. She won a silver medal in the relay together with her teammates Wally Dressel, Louise Otto and Hermine Stindt. She finished fourth in the 100 metre freestyle competition.

Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle
The women's 100 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of a women's event in Olympic swimming, followed closely by the 4×100 metre free relay. The competition was held from Monday to Friday, 8 to 12 July 1912.

Twenty-seven swimmers from eight nations competed.

Durack also won the gold medal, with compatriot Wylie close behind for silver.
TUI Airways
TUI Airways Limited (formerly Thomson Airways Limited) is the British arm of the TUI airline group, which is owned and operated by the TUI Group. They offer scheduled and charter flights from the United Kingdom and Ireland to destinations in Europe, Africa, Asia and North America.

The airline is the fourth largest UK airline by total passengers carried, after EasyJet, British Airways and Jet2.com. It is also the world's tenth largest airline by number of route pairings served. TUI Airways holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Type A Operating Licence permitting it to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats. Its head office and registered office is Wigmore House in Luton, Bedfordshire.

Fly4 Airlines
Fly4 Airlines is an Irish ACMI and charter airline headquartered at Dublin Airport, Ireland. It is a joint venture between the Polish charter carrier Enter Air and the German tourism company TUI Group.
Stooge sort
Stooge sort is a recursive sorting algorithm. It is notable for its exceptionally poor time complexity of  = 
The algorithm's running time is thus slower compared to reasonable sorting algorithms, and is slower than bubble sort, a canonical example of a fairly inefficient sort. It is, however, more efficient than Slowsort. The name comes from The Three Stooges.

The algorithm is defined as follows:

If the value at the start is larger than the value at the end, swap them.

If there are three or more elements in the list, then:
Stooge sort the initial 2/3 of the list
Stooge sort the final 2/3 of the list
Stooge sort the initial 2/3 of the list again

It is important to get the integer sort size used in the recursive calls by rounding the 2/3 upwards, e.g. rounding 2/3 of 5 should give 4 rather than 3, as otherwise the sort can fail on certain data.

Sorting algorithm
In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.

Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions:

The output is in monotonic order (each element is no smaller/larger than the previous element, according to the required order).

The output is a permutation (a reordering, yet retaining all of the original elements) of the input.

Although some algorithms are designed for sequential access, the highest-performing algorithms assume data is stored in a data structure which allows random access.
115th Street/Morgan Park station
115th Street/Morgan Park is one of two Metra railroad stations in the Morgan Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, along the Beverly Branch of the Rock Island District Line. It is 14.3 miles (23.0 km) from LaSalle Street Station, the northern terminus of the line. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 115th Street is in zone 2. As of 2018, 115th Street/Morgan Park was the 176th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 136 weekday boardings.

As of 2022, 115th Street/Morgan Park is served by 40 trains (20 in each direction) on weekdays, by 21 trains (10 inbound, 11 outbound) on Saturdays, and by 16 trains (eight in each direction) on Sundays and holidays.

Parking is available along the west side of the tracks on South Hale Avenue between Edmaire Street and north of 116th Street. It is also available on small on-street lots along the north side of 115th Street between the tracks and Church Street. No bus connections are available.

Morgan Park, Chicago
Morgan Park, located on the far south side of the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States, is one of the city's 77 official community areas. Morgan Park is located south of the Beverly neighborhood and north of the Chicago city border, and includes Mount Greenwood Cemetery. The community, settled in the mid-19th century, was initially known as North Blue Island, being located close to the existing town of Blue Island to the south. As of 2013, Morgan Park was majority-black, with approximately 22,924 residents in 2015.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Rybitwy, Łódź Voivodeship
Rybitwy [rɨˈbitfɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witonia, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Witonia, 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Łęczyca, and 39 km (24 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Witonia
Gmina Witonia is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Witonia, which lies 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Łęczyca and 43 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 60.54 square kilometres (23.4 sq mi), and its total population was 3,510 in 2006.
Rätikon
The Rätikon is a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps, located at the border between Vorarlberg, Liechtenstein and Graubünden. It is the geological border between the Eastern and Western Alps and stretches from the Montafon as far as the Rhine. In the south, the Prättigau is its limit, and in the north, it is the Walgau. In the east, it borders the Silvretta groups.
The Rätikon mountain range derives its name from Raetia, a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian (Raeti or Rhaeti) people.

Montafon
Montafon (German: [mɔntaˈfoːn] ⓘ in local dialect: "Muntafu") is a 39-kilometer (24 mi) long valley in the westernmost Austrian federal state of Vorarlberg.

It is traversed by the river Ill (Vorarlberg) and extends from the city of Bludenz and the Verwall Alps in the north, to the Silvretta and Rätikon mountain range in the south. Piz Buin, at 3,312 meters, is the highest peak within the Silvretta mountain range and the highest peak in Vorarlberg. The Montafon region has a population of 16,421(2021).
Ghulam Rabbani
Sheikh Ghulam Rabbani (31 December 1936 – 10 December 2010), was a Pakistani professional footballer who played as a right winger. Rabbani represented the Pakistan national football team from 1954 until the 1960s, captaining the team in 1961.

1960 Merdeka Tournament
The 1960 Merdeka Tournament was the fourth edition of the annual football tournament hosted by Malaya. It took place from August 5 to August 14 with nine participating nations. Malaya and South Korea shared the trophy after finishing the final match by 0–0.
Çevik Bir Meydanı (İzmir Metro)
Çevik Bir Meydanı is a proposed underground station on the Üçyol—Fuar İzmir Line of the İzmir Metro. It will be located beneath Menderes Avenue in Buca. Construction of the station, along with the metro line, began in 2024.

M2 (İzmir Metro)
The M2 line, also referred as Üçyol–Fuar İzmir Line (Turkish: Üçyol–Fuar İzmir Hattı) is a planned ATO rapid transit line in İzmir, Turkey. The line has a total length of 17.8 km (11.1 mi) and would begin at Üçyol and run southeast into Buca and Gaziemir. When completed, the line will become the seventh driverless metro line in Turkey, and the first in İzmir, after the M5, M7, M8, M11, M12 and M14 lines in Istanbul. Construction started in 14 February 2022 and the line is expected to enter service in late 2027. It will cost $765 million, and the yearly expected profit from operation is $45 million.
Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video
Sajini Shinde Ka Viral Video (transl. Sajini Shinde's Viral Video) is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language mystery film directed by Mikhil Musale and produced by Dinesh Vijan via his company Maddock Films. It stars Nimrat Kaur, Radhika Madan, Bhagyashree and Subodh Bhave as leads.

The film  was released on 27 October 2023.

Radhika Madan
Radhika Madan (born 1 May 1995) is an Indian actress who works in Hindi films and television. Madan is a recipient of a Screen Award and a Filmfare OTT Award, and was featured by Forbes India in their 30 Under 30 list of 2024.

After graduating from Jesus and Mary College, she began her acting career with her breakthrough role in the television soap opera Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi (2014–2016). Madan made her film debut with Vishal Bhardwaj's drama Pataakha (2018), winning the Screen Award for Best Female Debut. She then featured in Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota (2018), Angrezi Medium (2020), and Shiddat (2021). She won a Filmfare OTT Award for the anthology film Ray (2021) and has since received praise for starring in the crime drama series Saas, Bahu Aur Flamingo (2023).
Nearly Married
Nearly Married is a 1917 American silent comedy film directed by Chester Withey and starring Madge Kennedy. It is based on a 1913 stage play of the same name by Edgar Selwyn. It also featured an early film appearance by future gossip columnist Hedda Hopper.

The Library of Congress's new (Dec. 2013) American Silent Feature Film Survival Database has this film listed as being an abridgement in their collection.

Chester Withey
Chester "Chet" Withey (8 November 1887, Park City, Utah – 6 October 1939, California) was an American silent film actor, director, and screenwriter. He participated in the production in total of some 100 films.

Born in Park City, Utah, the son of Chester Henry Withey and Mary E. Kelso, Withey started his career in silent film as an actor in 1913. He starred in films such as the 1916 film The Wharf Rat. He married Virginia Philley, a screenwriter, who also did some acting.

However, by 1916, he had already directed several films and decided to concentrate on work behind the camera. Withey was also accredited with writing for 15 films.

He retired from film directing in 1928 and died 6 October 1939.
McMillan Township, Luce County, Michigan
McMillan Township is a civil township of Luce County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,471 at the 2020 census.  At 588.78 square miles (1,524.9 km2) of total land area, McMillan Township is the largest municipality by area in the state of Michigan.

McMillan Township occupies 65.5% of Luce County's land area and also contains the village of Newberry, which is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in the county.  The township contains two state parks: Muskallonge Lake State Park and the western portion of Tahquamenon Falls State Park, which also includes the Upper Tahquamenon Falls. Crisp Point Light is also located in the northeast corner of the township.

Tahquamenon River
The Tahquamenon River (/təˈkwɑːmənɒn, -nən/ tə-KWAH-mə-non, -⁠nən) is an 89.1-mile-long (143.4 km) blackwater river in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The river flows in a generally eastward direction from the Tahquamenon Lakes of Columbus Township, Luce County to its mouth at Whitefish Bay, a bay of Lake Superior, in Chippewa County. It drains approximately 820 square miles (2,120 km2) of the eastern Upper Peninsula, including large sections of Chippewa and Luce counties, as well as a small portion of Mackinac County. M-123 runs alongside a portion of the river.

Along its course, the river includes the Tahquamenon Falls, a pair of waterfalls that are the largest waterfalls in Michigan, and one of the largest in the eastern half of North America.
Maurice Harron
Maurice Harron (born 1946) is an artist, educator and public sculptor from Derry, Northern Ireland. He was educated at St Columb's College and at the Ulster College of Art and Design in Belfast.

He has completed dozens of monuments in Ireland, the UK and in the USA.  Notable commissions include Reconciliation/Hands Across the Divide in Carlisle Square, Derry, Let the Dance Begin in Strabane, the Irish Famine Memorial on Cambridge Common, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Red Hugh O'Donnell in Roscommon, Grainne in Heritage Green park, Chicago and CS Lewis Square in Belfast.

Hands Across the Divide
Hands Across the Divide is a sculpture in Derry, Northern Ireland. The statue was created by Maurice Harron, and erected in 1992. It stands on the western side of the Craigavon Bridge and symbolizes reconciliation between both sides of the political divide during The Troubles.
Harry Minto
Harry Percy Minto (October 16, 1864 – September 27, 1915) was the superintendent of the Oregon State Penitentiary in the U.S. state of Oregon from 1914 until his death in 1915. Minto died in the line of duty, killed by an escaped inmate.

Carl Panzram
Charles "Carl" Panzram (June 28, 1892 – September 5, 1930) was an American rapist, serial killer, and habitual offender. In prison confessions and in his autobiography, Panzram confessed to having murdered twenty-one boys and men, only five of which could be corroborated. He is suspected of having killed more than a hundred boys and men in the United States alone, and several more in Portuguese Angola.

Panzram also confessed to having committed more than a thousand acts of rape against males of all ages. After a lifetime of crime, during which he served many prison terms and escaped from many prisons, Panzram was executed by hanging in 1930 for the murder of a prison employee at the United States Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas.