hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Euergetism
Euergetism (or evergetism, from the Greek εὐεργετέω, "do good deeds") was the ancient practice of high-status and wealthy individuals in society distributing part of their wealth to the community.  This practice was also part of the patron-client relation system of Roman society. The term was coined by French historian André Boulanger and subsequently used in the works of Paul Veyne.

André Boulanger
André Boulanger (26 July 1886, Chéroy – 9 September 1958, Montgeron) was a French professor of literature and Latin scholar who shared his activity between archaeology and the teaching profession.

He was a professor of Latin language and literature at Fribourg, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, and at the Sorbonne.

The subject of his thesis was Aelius Aristides and sophistry in the province of Asia in the second century AD. He was responsible for the creation of the neologism euergetism (from the Greek εὐεργετέω meaning "I do good things") for the practice of wealthy or high-status individuals distributing a part of their wealth to the community, rather than to individuals.
Eric Houghton
William Eric Houghton (29 June 1910 – 1 May 1996) was an English footballer and manager and first-class cricketer.

Eric Houghton was born in Billingborough, Lincolnshire, and educated at Donington Grammar School.

Cowley Academy
Cowley Academy (formally The Thomas Cowley High School) is a mixed secondary school with Academy status, in Donington, Lincolnshire, England. As of 1 September 2022, it is part of the South Lincolnshire Academy Trust.
Nada-ku, Kobe
Nada (灘区, Nada-ku; Japanese: [nadakɯ]) is one of nine wards of Kobe, Japan. It has an area of 31.4 km², and a population of 129,095 (2008). 
A leading national university, Kobe University, is located in this ward, as is the city's Oji Zoo.

The Tadao Ando-designed Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art is a short walk south of the Nada JR station.
Rokko High School is in Nada-ku.

Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art
The Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art (兵庫県立美術館, Hyōgo Kenritsu Bijutsukan) is a purpose built municipal art gallery in Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It was opened in 2002.

The major collections of the museum are foreign and Japanese sculptures, foreign and Japanese prints, Western-style and Japanese-style paintings associated with Hyogo Prefecture, Japanese greatworks in modern era, and contemporary art.

The museum has rooms dedicated to Ryōhei Koiso and Kanayama Heizō, two significant Japanese modernist artists trained in the European tradition.

The museum building was designed by Japanese architect Tadao Ando, whose Tadao Ando Architectural Institute undertook the design and construction costs, after which the building was donated to the prefecture.
Vladimir, Gorj
Vladimir is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania, with a population of 2,793. It is composed of four villages: Andreești, Frasin, Valea Deșului, and Vladimir. Tudor Vladimirescu, the Romanian revolutionary hero and the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 was born in the Vladimir village and the house where he was born is now a museum.

Tudor Vladimirescu
Tudor Vladimirescu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtudor vladimiˈresku]; c. 1780 – 7 June [O.S. 27 May] 1821) was a Romanian revolutionary hero, the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and of the Pandur militia. He is also known as Tudor din Vladimiri (Tudor from Vladimiri) or, occasionally, as Domnul Tudor (Voivode Tudor).
Estigmene acrea
Estigmene acrea, the salt marsh moth or acrea moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is found in North America, and southwards from Mexico to Colombia.

Dru Drury
Dru Drury (4 February 1725 – 15 January 1804) was a British collector of natural history specimens and an entomologist. He received specimens collected from across the world through a network of ship's officers and collectors including Henry Smeathman. His collections were utilized by many entomologists of his time to describe and name new species and he is best known for his book Illustrations of Natural History which includes the names and descriptions of many insects, published in parts from 1770 to 1782 with most of the copperplate engravings done by Moses Harris.
Tsugaru Railway
The Tsugaru Railway Line (津軽鉄道線, Tsugaru Tetsudō-sen) is a railway line in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, connecting Tsugaru-Goshogawara in the city of Goshogawara and Tsugaru-Nakasato in the town of Nakadomari, in central-southern Tsugaru Peninsula. The line is the only railway line operated by the Tsugaru Railway Company, which is locally referred to as Tsutetsu (津鉄). The Tsugaru Railway Line is notable for its seasonal trains that are run during the summer, autumn and winter. The Tsugaru Railway Line should not be confused with the former government Tsugaru Line, now operated by JR East.

Nakadomari
Nakadomari (中泊町, Nakadomari-machi) is a town located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2023,  the town had an estimated population of 9,981 in 4960 households, and a population density of 50 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 216.34 square kilometres (83.53 sq mi).
Papar District
The Papar District (Malay: Daerah Papar) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the West Coast Division which includes the districts of Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang, Putatan, Ranau and Tuaran. The capital of the district is in Papar Town.

Tuaran District
The Tuaran District (Malay: Daerah Tuaran) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the West Coast Division which includes the districts of Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang, Putatan, Ranau and Tuaran. The capital of the district is in Tuaran Town and the administrative area includes the entire boundary of Tuaran District, covering an area of 116,500 hectares (287,875 acres). Tuaran also one of the districts in Sabah located near Kota Kinabalu, and it is considered part of the Greater Kota Kinabalu area.

St. Andrews Anglican church was consecrated on 12 November 1967 by Roland Koh.
Fabian Cowper
Dom Fabian Cowper, OSB (7 September 1931 — 13 October 1990), a monk of Ampleforth Abbey, was an English Roman Catholic monk who served as Master of St Benet's Hall, Oxford, from 1989 until his death in 1990.

St Benet's Hall, Oxford
St Benet's Hall (known colloquially as Benet's) was a permanent private hall (PPH) of the University of Oxford, originally a Roman Catholic religious house of studies. It closed in 2022. The principal building was located at the northern end of St Giles' on its western side, close to the junction with Woodstock Road, Oxford.
Apedale Hall
Apedale Hall was a manor house near Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire. The seat of the Heathcote family, it was rebuilt in 1826 in the Elizabethan style by the Staffordshire industrialist Richard Edensor Heathcote (1780–1850), but was demolished in 1934 due to subsidence from the coal mines underneath.

Oswald Mosley, British politician, known principally as the founder of the British Union of Fascists (BUF) lived there for a time in the early 20th century with his divorced mother, Katharine Maud Edwards-Heathcote (1873–1948), and his paternal grandfather Sir Oswald Mosley, 4th Baronet, before its demolition.

Newcastle-under-Lyme
Newcastle-under-Lyme is a market town and the administrative centre of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire, England. It is adjacent to the city of Stoke-on-Trent. At the 2021 census, the population was 75,082.

Newcastle grew up in the twelfth century around the castle which gave the town its name, and received its first charter in 1173. The town's early industries included millinery, silk weaving, and coal mining, but despite its proximity to the Potteries it did not develop a ceramics trade.
Michael Lydon
Michael F. Lydon (10 October 1907 – 15 May 1977) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. A civil engineer, he was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway West constituency at the 1944 general election. He was re-elected at the 1948 general election but lost his seat at the 1951 general election. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1954 and 1957 general elections. He served as Mayor of Galway from 1952 to 1953.

1951 Irish general election
The 1951 Irish general election to the 14th Dáil was held on Wednesday, 30 May following the dissolution of the 13th Dáil on 7 May by President Seán T. O'Kelly on the request of Taoiseach John A. Costello. The general election took place in 40 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

This election was the first election since the declaration of the Republic of Ireland on 18 April 1949 under the terms of The Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which forced Ireland's withdrawal from the British Commonwealth.

The 14th Dáil met at Leinster House on 13 June to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Costello failed to secure a majority, and Éamon de Valera was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 6th government of Ireland, a single-party minority Fianna Fáil government.
David Roberts (MCC cricketer)
David John Roberts (born 1 October 1942) is an English former first-class cricketer.

The son of the cricketer and umpire Edward Allen Roberts, he was born at Harpenden in October 1942. He made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Scotland at Glasgow in 1963. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 6 runs in the MCC first-innings by Ronald Hogan. The following year he played minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire, making three appearances in the Minor Counties Championship.

Harpenden
Harpenden (/ˈhɑːrpəndən/) is a town and civil parish in the City and District of St Albans in the county of Hertfordshire, England. The population of the built-up area was 30,674 in the 2021 census, while the population of the civil parish was 31,128. Harpenden is a commuter town, with a direct rail connection to Central London.
Bowers Namu II
The Bowers Namu II was a single-engine, two-seat, recreational aircraft, designed and flown in the United States in the late 1970s and marketed for homebuilding. It was designed by famed aircraft designer and Boeing historian Peter Bowers.

Peter M. Bowers
Peter M. Bowers (May 15, 1918 – April 27, 2003) was an American aeronautical engineer, airplane designer, and a journalist and historian specializing in the field of aviation.

An engineer for planemaker Boeing for over 35 years,
Bowers is famed in the aviation community for his role as a military and general aviation historian and writer, and designer of the popular Bowers Fly Baby homebuilt aircraft design.
Tiberianus of Baetica
Tiberianus of Baetica (fl. late 4th century AD), or Tiberianus the Baetican, was a Christian writer of the late 4th century AD from Hispania Baetica. In Jerome's De viris illustribus, he writes that Tiberianus was accused of Priscillianism, but wrote an apology "in pompous and mongrel language." He was exiled to the Scilly Isles (Scillonia insula) along with Instantius.

Jerome adds that "after the death of his friends, overcome by the tediousness of exile, he changed his mind, as it is written in Holy Scripture “the dog returned to his vomit,” and married a nun, a virgin dedicated to Christ."

De Viris Illustribus (Jerome)
De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men) is a Latin biobibliographical collection by Jerome completed at Bethlehem in 392–393 AD. It consists of a prologue and 135  chapters, each giving a brief account of an author and a list of writings, beginning with figures from the apostolic age and ending with Jerome.

Jerome presented the book as a Christian counterpart to biographical catalogues associated with Suetonius and other classical writers, and much of the early material is taken with little alteration from Eusebius of Caesarea. The work was dedicated to the Roman official Nummius Aemilianus Dexter. In the preface Jerome casts the collection as an apologetic defence of Christian learning.

The text circulated widely. It was continued by Gennadius of Massilia and later by Isidore of Seville, and the three works were often copied together. Later scholarship has criticised it as rushed and incomplete, being flattering and insulting depending on the subject and Jerome's opinion of them.
Score a Score
Score a Score is a Los Angeles, California–based music production, licensing and supervision company with additional offices in New York City, New York and Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 2010 by CEO, Jordan Passman, Score a Score represents a roster of over 400 composers world-wide and has worked with brands like Microsoft, Google, Coca-Cola, Taco Bell, Verizon, Mastercard, Kia and Gap as well as film trailers for Disney, Sony, Universal, Paramount, Warner Brothers, Fox, Amazon, and Netflix. In 2020, Score a Score made Inc. Magazine's annual Inc. 5000 list of the fastest-growing privately held companies in the U.S. for their fifth consecutive year.

In the summer of 2017, Score a Score worked with Fitzco//Mccann on Coca-Cola's Share a Coke campaign to create over 1000 unique songs based on names printed on bottles of Coke. The project would go on to win multiple awards, including several from OneShow and two pencils from D&AD.

Share a Coke
Share a Coke is a multi-national marketing campaign of Coca-Cola. It debrands the traditional Coke logo, replacing "Coca-Cola" from one side of a bottle with the phrase "Share a Coke with" followed by a person's name. The campaign, which uses a list containing 250 of each market country's most popular names (generic nicknames and titles are also used in some cases), aims to have people go out and find a bottle with their name on it, then share it with their friends. The campaign began in Australia in 2011. The YOU font was designed by Ian Brignell.
Scruples (miniseries)
Scruples is a 1980 American television miniseries based on the 1978 novel by Judith Krantz. It was produced by Warner Bros. Television and starred Lindsay Wagner. Scruples included the final screen appearance of Gene Tierney.

Scruples (novel)
Scruples is a 1978 novel by Judith Krantz.  A direct sequel, Scruples Two, was published in 1992.

The novel details the life story of protagonist Wilhelmina Hunnewell Winthrop ("Billy"), as she evolves from the overweight "poor relation" in an aristocratic Boston Brahmin family to become a thin, stylish woman who is left a vast fortune by the death of her much older first husband and who founds an upscale Beverly Hills boutique called "Scruples".

The book helped define a new sub-genre of the romance novel — the bonkbuster.
Astuvansalmi rock paintings
The Astuvansalmi rock paintings (Finnish: Astuvansalmen kalliomaalaukset) are located in Ristiina, Mikkeli, Southern Savonia,  Finland at the shores of the lake Yövesi, which is a part of the large lake Saimaa. The paintings are 7.7 to 11.8 metres above the water-level of lake Saimaa. The lake level was much higher at the time the rock paintings were made. There are about 70 paintings in the area.

The rock paintings were officially found by the Finnish archaeologist Pekka Sarvas in 1968, though locals knew of them before that.

Yövesi
Yövesi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈyø̯ˌʋesi]; literally "night water") is a sub-lake of the lake Saimaa in eastern Finland. It is located in Mikkeli municipality in the Southern Savonia region. Part of the Saimaa lake system, it borders on the system of Pihlajavesi to the east. The deepest point of the whole Saimaa is in Yövesi, in Käenniemenselkä open area. The Astuvansalmi rock paintings are situated in the northern shore of Yövesi.

The critically endangered fish Arctic char lives in Yövesi. Fishing of Arctic char is totally prohibited.
Clinton Calabrese
Clinton Calabrese (born March 4, 1986) is an American Democratic Party politician who has represented the 36th Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly since February 10, 2018, when he was sworn in to replace Marlene Caride, who resigned from office after being nominated to serve as head of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance. Calabrese had served on the Board of Education of the Cliffside Park School District. He has been the Assembly's Deputy Whip since 2022.

New Jersey's 36th legislative district
New Jersey's 36th legislative district is one of 40 districts that make up the map for the New Jersey Legislature. It encompasses the Bergen County municipalities of Carlstadt, Cliffside Park, East Rutherford, Edgewater, Fairview, Lyndhurst, North Arlington, Ridgefield, Rutherford, Wallington, and Wood-Ridge and the city of Passaic in Passaic County.
James Robertson (soccer)
James Mearns Robertson (23 March 1891 – 9 October 1948) was an American soccer full back who played the first two U.S. national team games in 1916.

Robertson was born in New York City. In 1916, Robertson was with Brooklyn Celtic of the New York Amateur Association Football League when he was called up to the national team.  From at least 1918 to at least 1920, he played with Robins Dry Dock.  In 1919, he joined Bethlehem Steel F.C. for that team's Scandinavian tour.

Brooklyn Celtic
Brooklyn Celtic was a name used by at least two U.S. soccer teams. The first was an early twentieth century amateur team which was formed in August 1910 and dominated the New York Amateur Association Football League from 1912 to 1917.  The second was a member of the professional American Football League in the 1930s and early 1940s.  A third Celtic club from Brooklyn, St. Mary's Celtic replaced the second club in the ASL before the 1935/36 season.
Deadline for My Memories
Deadline for My Memories is the debut solo album by Billie Ray Martin, former lead singer of the band Electribe 101. It was originally released in October 1995, including Martin's biggest hit single, "Your Loving Arms" and the notable follow-up, "Running Around Town".

Billie Ray Martin
Billie Ray Martin is a German singer and songwriter, known for her single "Your Loving Arms", which reached the top 10 of both the UK singles chart (#6) and the Irish Singles Chart (#8) in 1995, and reached number one on the US Dance Club Chart. She was also one of the vocalists on the S'Express UK top 10 hit single "Hey Music Lover" (1989), and had UK top 40 hits as lead vocalist of Electribe 101 with "Tell Me When the Fever Ended" (1989) and "Talking with Myself" (1990), and as a solo singer with "Running Around Town" (1995) and "Imitation of Life" (1996).
Seneca Rocks
Seneca Rocks is a large crag and local landmark in Pendleton County in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia, United States. The south peak is the only peak inaccessible except by technical rock climbing techniques on the East Coast of the United States. One of the best-known scenic attractions in West Virginia, the sheer rock faces are a popular challenge for rock climbers.

Seneca Rocks is easily visible from and accessible by way of West Virginia Route 28, West Virginia Route 55 and U.S. Route 33 in the Spruce Knob–Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area of the Monongahela National Forest. The three highways converge in the hamlet of Seneca Rocks, which is named for the cliffs nearby.

West Virginia Route 28
West Virginia Route 28 is a north–south route through the Potomac Highlands of the U.S. state of West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 39 in Huntersville. The northern terminus is at the Maryland state line in Wiley Ford, where the route continues into Cumberland as Canal Parkway upon crossing the North Branch Potomac River.
Euomphaloidea
Euomphaloidea, originally Euomphalacea, is an extinct superfamily of marine molluscs that lived from the Early Ordovician to the Late Cretaceous, included in the Gastropoda but speculated as instead perhaps Monoplacophora.

Helicotomidae
Helicotomidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs (gastropods?) with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?) (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Czarnowo Wielkie
Czarnowo Wielkie [t͡ʂarˈnɔvɔ ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołdap, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Gmina Gołdap
Gmina Gołdap is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its seat is the town of Gołdap, which lies approximately 133 kilometres (83 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 361.73 square kilometres (139.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 19,918 (out of which the population of Gołdap amounts to 13,641, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,277).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Puszcza Romincka Landscape Park.
Chase Through the Night
Chase Through the Night is a 1984 Australian film about a gang of bank robbers on the run. It was a five-part, 30-minute teleseries.

The film is based on a book of the same name by Max Fatchen. The story is set in the Queensland outback. The movie was filmed in and around the town of Kaimkillenbun in Queensland.

Kaimkillenbun
Kaimkillenbun is a rural town and locality in the Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Kaimkillenbun had a population of 248 people.

It is recognised as the Queensland town with the longest single-word name, but is affectionately known by locals as "The Bun".
1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic was a major outbreak of smallpox that began in Victoria, on Vancouver Island, and quickly spread among Indigenous peoples across the Pacific Northwest Coast and the Northwest Plateau. Over the course of 1862 and 1863, the disease swept along the coast from Puget Sound to Southeast Alaska, causing devastating loss of life and permanently altering Indigenous societies throughout the region.

While colonial authorities worked to contain the disease among settlers through vaccination and quarantine, fewer measures were taken to protect Indigenous communities. As a result, the epidemic continued to spread unchecked in many areas, leading to devastating loss of life and long-lasting demographic, social, and political consequences in what is now British Columbia and the northwestern United States.

Haida people
The Haida (English:  /ˈhaɪdə/, Haida: X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat) are an Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. They constitute one of 203 First Nations in British Columbia and 231 federally recognized tribes in Alaska.

Their traditional territory include Haida Gwaii, an archipelago off the coast of British Columbia, and the southern half of Prince of Wales Island, in Southeast Alaska. Their language is Haida, a linguistic isolate. The Haida are known for their craftsmanship, trading skills, and seamanship. They are known to have frequently carried out raids and to have practiced slavery.

In Canada, the Haida are represented by Council of the Haida Nation (CHN), in addition to the two village band governments, Old Massett Village Council and Skidegate Band Council. Federally recognized Haida tribes in the United States include the Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska and the Hydaburg Cooperative Association.