hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Van de koele meren des doods
Van de koele meren des doods (translated in English as The Deeps of Deliverance or Hedwig's Journey, literally Of the cold lakes of death) is a Dutch novel by Frederik van Eeden, first published in 1900. It is one of the canonical Dutch novels, and is praised for its representation of the female protagonist; the novel established van Eeden as a "master of the psychological novel." A 1982 movie was based on the novel.

Frederik van Eeden
Frederik Willem van Eeden (3 April 1860, Haarlem – 16 June 1932, Bussum) was a late 19th-century and early 20th-century Dutch writer and psychiatrist. He was a leading member of the Tachtigers and the Significs Group, and had top billing among the editors of De Nieuwe Gids (The New Guide) during its celebrated first few years of publication, starting in 1885. Van Eeden adopted vegetarianism in 1890 for health reasons, later promoting it as an ethical stance in works like Het Vegetariaat (1896), but gradually distanced himself from it in the early 20th century as his philosophical views shifted.
Tumbling (sport)
Tumbling, sometimes referred to as power tumbling, is a gymnastics discipline in which participants perform a series of acrobatic skills down a 25.6 metres (84 ft) long rod floor. Each series, known as a pass, comprises eight elements in which the athlete jumps, twists and flips placing only their hands and feet on the track. Tumblers are judged on the difficulty and form of their routine. There are both individual and team competitions in the sport.

Tumbling can also refer more generally to similar acrobatic skills performed on their own or in other gymnastics events, such as in floor exercises or on the balance beam.

Tumbling is governed by World Gymnastics, and is included as an event within trampoline gymnastics. Although tumbling is not currently an Olympic event, elite tumblers competing at the international level can compete in various events organised by the FIG, continental confederations as well as at the European Games and World Games.

Floor (gymnastics)
In gymnastics, the floor is a specially prepared exercise surface, considered an apparatus. The floor exercise (English abbreviation FX) is the event performed on the floor, in both women's and men's artistic gymnastics (WAG and MAG). The same floor is used for WAG FX and MAG FX, but rules and scoring differ; most obviously, a WAG FX routine is synchronised to a piece of recorded dance music, whereas MAG FX has no musical accompaniment.

A spring floor is used in all gymnastics to provide more bounce and help prevent potential injuries to gymnasts' lower extremity joints due to the nature of the apparatus, which includes the repeated pounding required to train it. Cheerleading also uses spring floors for practice. The sprung floor used for indoor athletics is designed to reduce bounce.
11th Gurkha Rifles
The 11th Gurkha Rifles was a Gurkha regiment of the British Indian Army.  It was formed in Mesopotamia and Palestine in May 1918, saw active service in the First World War and the Third Anglo-Afghan War, and was disbanded in April 1922.

Gurkha
The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (/ˈɡɜːrkə, ˈɡʊər-/), with the endonym Gorkhali (Nepali: गोर्खाली [ɡoɾkʰaːliː]), are soldiers native to South Asia, chiefly residing within Nepal and some parts of North India.

The Gurkha units consist of Nepali and (in India) Indian Gorkha, Nepali-speaking Indian people. They are recruited for the Nepali Army (96,000), the Indian Army (42,000), the British Army (4,010), the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force, the Gurkha Reserve Unit of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces, and UN peacekeeping forces in war zones around the world. Ordinary citizens of the two demographic groups become a Gurkha by applying for, and passing, the selection and training process.

Gurkhas are closely associated with the khukuri, a forward-curving knife, and have a reputation for fearless military prowess. Former Indian Army Chief of Staff Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw once stated that:

"If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gurkha."
Freeform (Apple)
Freeform is a digital whiteboarding application developed by Apple for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and visionOS devices, first revealed during the 2022 Worldwide Developers Conference, and officially launched on December 13, 2022, alongside iOS 16.2, iPadOS 16.2, and macOS 13.1. It allows users to create infinitely scaling canvases called "boards", which can display a range of inputs including text notes, photos, documents, and web links. There are also a variety of pen and brush tools available on the iOS and iPadOS versions of the software, letting users add sketches or handwriting to their boards similar to the tools available in the Notes app, which are compatible with the Apple Pencil.

The app is designed to encourage brainstorming and enable real-time collaboration between users, with support for FaceTime and iCloud syncing.

MacOS Ventura
macOS Ventura (version 13) is the nineteenth major release of macOS, Apple's operating system for Macintosh computers. The successor to macOS Monterey, it was announced at WWDC 2022 on June 6, 2022, and launched on October 24, 2022. macOS Ventura was succeeded by macOS Sonoma, which was released on September 26, 2023.

It is named after the city of Ventura and is the tenth macOS release to bear a name from the company's home state of California. The macOS 13 Ventura logo, official graphics and default wallpaper resemble an abstract California poppy.

macOS Ventura is the last version of macOS supporting Macs released in 2017, including the 21.5-inch 2017 iMac and the 12-inch MacBook, with the exception of the iMac Pro, which is supported by releases up to macOS Sequoia.
Tendoy, Idaho
Tendoy is an unincorporated community in Lemhi County, Idaho, United States, located at 44°57′34″N 113°38′41″W﻿ / ﻿44.95944°N 113.64472°W﻿ / 44.95944; -113.64472 (44.9593700, -113.6447780) on State Highway 28, at an altitude of 4,842 feet (1,476 m). It was named for Tendoy, a prominent Lemhi Shoshone chief in the mid-19th century.

It is the nearest location to Lemhi Pass over the Bitterroot Range, where the Lewis and Clark Expedition first crossed the Continental Divide in 1805. Sacajawea, the Shoshoni woman who guided the Expedition, was born near Tendoy.  Lemhi Pass is a National Historic Landmark.

The site of Fort Lemhi is two miles north of Tendoy.

Fort Lemhi
Fort Lemhi (originally spelled Fort Limhi) was a Mormon settlement from 1855 to 1858 located approximately two miles (3 km) north of present-day Tendoy, Idaho, that served as the base of operations for the Salmon River Mission. The mission was initially created as part of a larger effort to proselytize Native Americans throughout western North America; however, the fort eventually became a critical piece of Brigham Young's strategy in the Utah War. The surprise attack on Fort Lemhi in 1858 was the catalyst for bringing the Utah War to a resolution.
Techron
Techron is a formerly patented fuel additive developed by Chevron Corporation and sold in its fuel operations (including Texaco and Caltex). It contains polyether amine (PEA) and polybutene amine (PBA), which are detergent additives purported to dissolve deposits in automotive engines and prevent them from building up.

Chevron released Techron as an additive in 1981, and began including it in all of their gasoline products in 1995. It is still available as a concentrate today. The Chevron Cars that debuted in 1995 were used to advertise the additive.

Chevron Cars
The Chevron Cars are anthropomorphic vehicles who were part of an advertising campaign of the Chevron Corporation consisting of television spots, print ads, billboards, and toy cars available at Chevron retail locations.
The Blade of the Courtesans
The Blade of the Courtesans is a historical fiction novel by Japanese author Keiichiro Ryu originally published in 1986. It was published in English by Vertical Inc in 2008. Ryu's debut novel, it was nominated for a Naoki Award and "instantly made him a doyen of historical fiction."

Kodansha USA
Kodansha USA Publishing, LLC is a publishing company based in New York, US, and a subsidiary of Japan's largest publishing company Kodansha. Established in July 1st 2008, Kodansha USA publishes books relating to Japan, Japanese culture, and manga, the latter under their Kodansha Manga imprint (formerly Kodansha Comics).

In 2020, Kodansha announced that it had consolidated Kodansha Advanced Media and Vertical into Kodansha USA Publishing, with Kodansha Advanced Media general manager Alvin Lu becoming the president and CEO of Kodansha USA Publishing.

On March 9, 2021, Kodansha USA Publishing announced it had rebranded and relaunched its website, and unified Kodansha Comics, Kodansha USA International, and Vertical under the Kodansha name, and Kodansha Comics being renamed Kodansha Manga.
The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom
The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom is a novel by Tobias Smollett first published in 1753.  It was Smollett's third novel and met with less success than his two previous more picaresque tales.  The central character is a villainous dandy who cheats, swindles and philanders his way across Europe and England with little concern for the law or the welfare of others. He is the son of an equally disreputable mother, and Smollett himself comments that "Fathom justifies the proverb, 'What's bred in the bone will never come out of the flesh". Sir Walter Scott commented that the novel paints a "complete picture of human depravity."

The main character reappears as a minor character in Smollett's later novel The Expedition of Humphry Clinker.

The novel's elements of terror and the supernatural have caused some historians of English literature to describe it as anticipating the themes of the Gothic novel.

Tobias Smollett
Tobias George Smollett (bapt. 19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish writer and surgeon. He was best known for writing picaresque novels such as The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748), The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751) and The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), which influenced later generations of British novelists, including Charles Dickens. His novels were liberally altered by contemporary printers; an authoritative edition of each was edited by Dr O. M. Brack Jr and others.
One Oak, Frognal
One Oak at 16 Redington Road in the Frognal area of Hampstead, London NW3, is a detached house built in 1889 by the architect Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo. The house has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England since January 1999.

The house was designed by Mackmurdo for a Mrs Geddes in 1889, it was subsequently occupied by the sculptor Hamo Thornycroft and by the engineer Owen Williams. A wing and separate studio were added to the house by Maxwell Ayrton in 1927 for Williams. The interior of the house contains many decorative features designed by Mackmurdo including decorated skirting boards, doorways, cornices and fireplaces. The house is ordered into six bays with tall sash windows, surmounted by a mansard roof.

Bridget Cherry, writing in the 1998 London: North edition of the Pevsner Architectural Guides, described the 'simplicity' of One Oak as 'forward looking for its date'.

Frognal
Frognal is a small area of Hampstead, North West London in the London Borough of Camden. Frognal is reinforced as the name of a minor road, which goes uphill from Finchley Road and at its upper end is in the west of Hampstead village.
N.Y.P.D. (TV series)
N.Y.P.D. is a half-hour long American police crime drama set in the context of the New York City Police Department. The program aired on the ABC network from 1967–1969 in the 9:30 p.m. night time slot. During the second season, N.Y.P.D was joined by The Mod Squad and It Takes a Thief to form a 2½ hour block of crime dramas.

Robert Hooks
Robert Hooks (born Bobby Dean Hooks; April 18, 1937) is an American actor, producer, and activist.  Along with Douglas Turner Ward and Gerald S. Krone, he founded The Negro Ensemble Company. The Negro Ensemble Company is credited with the launch of the careers of many major black artists of all disciplines, while creating a body of performance literature over the last thirty years, providing the backbone of African-American theatrical classics. Additionally, Hooks is the sole founder of two significant black theatre companies: the D.C. Black Repertory Company, and New York's Group Theatre Workshop.
The Bounder
The Bounder is a British sitcom which ran from 16 April 1982 to 28 October 1983, made by Yorkshire Television. The series starred Peter Bowles (of To the Manor Born fame) as Howard Booth, an ex-convict who served two years in jail. He lives with his brother-in-law, Trevor Mountjoy (George Cole), and his sister (Trevor's wife), Mary (Rosalind Ayres). The latter left after Series One in 1982. It also starred Isla Blair as the next door widowed neighbour, Laura Miles. This series was created by Eric Chappell.

Eric Chappell
Eric George Chappell (25 September 1933 – 21 April 2022) was an English television comedy writer and playwright who wrote or co-wrote some of the UK's biggest sitcom hits over a more than quarter-century career, first gaining significant notice in the 1970s.
Elogbatindi
Elogbatindi is a village in South Region of Cameroon, located to the south-western end of the Douala Edéa Wildlife Reserve, on the Edéa-Kribi road (National Route 7), and is connected to Bipindi and Fifinda to the southwest. It lies to the east of the Sanaga River. It is inhabited by Lala Pygmies, and has a number of Baka camps.

South Region (Cameroon)
The South Region (French: Région du Sud) is located in the southwestern and south-central portion of the Republic of Cameroon. It is bordered to the east by the East Region, to the north by the Centre Region, to the northwest by the Littoral Region, to the west by the Gulf of Guinea (part of the Atlantic Ocean), and to the south by the countries of Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Congo. The South occupies 47,720 km2 of territory, making it the fourth largest region in the nation. The major ethnic groups are the various Beti-Pahuin peoples, such as the Ewondo, Fang, and Bulu.

The South Region has a fair amount of industry, its main commerce consisting of logging, timber, mining, and offshore oil drilling. Commercial agriculture is also important in the South, the major cash crops being cocoa and rubber. Cattle rearing and fishing are significant economic components, as well. Much of the population is made up of subsistence farmers.
Castle Cary
Castle Cary (/ˌkɑːsəl ˈkɛəri/) is a market town and civil parish in south Somerset, England, 5 miles (8 km) north west of Wincanton and 8 miles (12.9 km) south of Shepton Mallet, at the foot of Lodge Hill and on the River Cary, a tributary of the Parrett.

Hadspen House
Hadspen House of Hadspen, Somerset, England is built of Cary stone, mined from Hadspen Quarry. The stone is a soft limestone known for its deep burnt-orange colour. It is an inferior oolite of the Garantiana Beds and dates to the Middle Jurassic. The house has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building.
Raphael of Cats
Raphael of Cats can refer to any one of three artists noted for their portraits of cats:

Gottfried Mind (1768–1814), Swiss artist who specialized in drawing

Fedor Flinzer (1832–1911), German author, educator and illustrator

Sal Meijer (1877–1965), Dutch painter

Fedor Flinzer
Fedor Alexis Flinzer (4 April 1832 in Reichenbach im Vogtland – 14 June 1911 in Leipzig) was an author, educator and one of the greatest German illustrators of the Gründerzeit, who was called Raphael of Cats.
Girtford Halt railway station
Girtford Halt was a short-lived railway halt on the Varsity Line which served the Girtford area of Sandy in Bedfordshire, England. It was opened by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1938, but closed to passenger traffic two years later in 1940. The line itself closed in 1968, and the site of the railway station has been obliterated by a roundabout.

Sandy, Bedfordshire
Sandy is a town and civil parish in Central Bedfordshire, England. It lies 8 miles (13 km) to the east of Bedford, 18 miles (29 km) to the south west of Cambridge and 43 miles (69 km) north of Central London. It had a population of 12,171 at the 2021 census.

The town takes its name from a low range of sandy hills on the eastern side of the town, which form part of the Bedfordshire Greensand Ridge. The main part of the built-up area lies between the hills to the east and the River Ivel to the west. The A1 road skirts the western edge of the town. Sandy railway station is on the Great Northern route between London and Peterborough, with the railway running along the eastern edge of the built-up area. The parish also includes the hamlet of Beeston, which straddles the A1 to the south-west of the town.

The headquarters of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is at The Lodge at Sandy Warren in the hills to the east of the town, where it has been based since 1961.
Camp Speicher
Majid al Tamimi Airbase, officially known as the Tikrit Air Academy and formerly as Al Sahra Airfield (under Saddam Hussein) is an air installation near Tikrit in northern Iraq. The installation is approximately 170 kilometers (105 mi) north of Baghdad and 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) west of the Tigris River. Prior to 2003, Al Sahra Airfield was the main base of the Iraqi Air Force Air Academy. The Marines from Task Force Tripoli captured the base from the Iraqi Army during the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq and turned it over to the United States Army who used it as the headquarters of the United States Division–North (USD-N, formerly Multinational Division, North, (MND-N)). The airfield is served by two main runways measuring 9,600 feet (2,900 m) long with a shorter runway measuring 7,200-foot (2,200 m). The Americans named the airfield after Captain Michael Scott Speicher, a United States Navy pilot who was killed in action in Iraq during the Gulf War.

Scott Speicher
Michael Scott Speicher (July 12, 1957 – unknown)  was a naval aviator in the United States Navy who was shot down over Iraq during the Persian Gulf War becoming the first American combat casualty of the war. His fate was not known until 2 August 2009, when the U.S. Navy reported that Speicher's remains had been found in Iraq by the United States military.  The official cause of death was "homicide by undetermined means" and forensic examination determined he survived his crash while dental records were used to confirm his identity. He is also the most recent American to have been shot down in air-to-air combat.
Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska
Valdez–Cordova Census Area was a census area located in the state of Alaska, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,636. It was part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore had no borough seat. On January 2, 2019, it was abolished and replaced by the Chugach Census Area and the Copper River Census Area.

Chugach Census Area, Alaska
Chugach Census Area is a census area located in the state of Alaska, United States. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no seat of government. On January 2, 2019, it was split from the Valdez–Cordova Census Area (of which it claims to be the successor), along with neighboring Copper River Census Area.

As of the 2020 census, the census area had a population of 7,102; its largest communities are the cities of Valdez and Cordova.
Gadvi State
Gadvi State (or Ghárvi) was a minor princely state during the British Raj in what is today Gujarat State India. It was initially administered by the Surat Agency  and then by the Western India States Agency. The state had a population of 7 767 and an area of 170.82 miles.

It was more specifically classified as one of the 14 minor princely states of the Dangs, in the Dang district, India.

Dang district, India
Dang district is a district in the southeastern part of the state of Gujarat. The administrative headquarters of the district are located in Ahwa. Dang has an area of 1,764 km2 and a population of 228,291 (as of 2011). As of 2011, it is the least populous of Gujarat's 33 districts. As per the Planning Commission, Dang is one of the most economically distressed districts out of 640 districts in India.  94% of the population belongs to one of the scheduled tribes. The five Kings of Dangs are the only hereditary royals in India whose titles are currently recognized by the government owing to an agreement between the East India Company and the Dang kings in 1842.
Kinako
Kinako (黄粉 or きなこ "yellow flour") is roasted soybean flour, used in Japanese cuisine. In English, it is usually called "roasted soy flour". Kinako is mostly used as a topping to flavor rice cakes like mochi.

Mochi
Mochi (/ˈmoʊtʃiː/ MOH-chee; Japanese もち, 餅 [motɕi] ⓘ) is a Japanese rice cake made of mochigome (もち米), a short-grain japonica glutinous rice, and sometimes other ingredients such as water, sugar, and cornstarch. The steamed rice is pounded into paste and molded into the desired shape. In Japan, it is traditionally made in a ceremony called mochitsuki (餅搗き). While eaten year-round, mochi is a traditional food for the Japanese New Year, and is commonly sold and eaten during that time.

Mochi is made up of polysaccharides, lipids, protein, and water. Mochi has a varied structure of amylopectin gel, starch grains, and air bubbles. In terms of starch content, the rice used for mochi is very low in amylose and has a high amylopectin level, producing a gel-like consistency. The protein content of the japonica rice used to make mochi is higher than that of standard short-grain rice.

Mochi is similar to dango, which is made with rice flour instead of pounded rice grains.
Daniel C. K. Chow
Daniel C. K. Chow (born 1957) is an American legal scholar.

Chow attended Yale College and Yale Law School, then clerked for Constance Baker Motley before practicing law with Debevoise & Plimpton. Chow joined the Ohio State University Moritz College of Law as faculty in 1985, where he later held the Frank E. and Virginia H. Bazler Chair in Business Law.

Chow is an elected member of the American Law Institute.

Debevoise & Plimpton
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP is an international white-shoe law firm headquartered in New York City, with offices in Washington D.C., San Francisco, London, Paris, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Luxembourg. The firm specializes in intellectual property, white-collar crime and government investigations, international arbitration, mergers and acquisitions, private equity, insurance, and securities law.
Arwa Othman
Arwa Othman (Arabic: أروى عبده عثمان) is a Yemeni writer, journalist, human rights activist and former Minister of Culture (2014 – 2015) in the Bahah Cabinet of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. Human Rights Watch has cited Othman as one of the "most outspoken activists calling for human rights and gender equality" during the 2011 Yemeni Revolution.

House of Folklore
House of Folklore (HoF) was a museum in central Sana'a, Yemen. It was located southwest of the Al-Tahrir Square and south of the Egyptian Embassy and north of the Chinese Embassy. Founded on 11 April 2004 under the permission of the Ministry of Culture, it was "a cultural, research, non-profit and non-governmental organization works on collecting and documenting the Yemeni Folklore". The museum closed in May 2010 due to financial difficulties.