hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ihlara valley
The Ihlara Valley (or Peristrema Valley; Turkish Ihlara Vadisi) is a canyon which is 15 km long and up to 150 m deep in the southwest of the Turkish region of Cappadocia, in the municipality of Güzelyurt, Aksaray Province. The valley contains around 50 rock-hewn Christian churches and numerous rock-cut buildings.

Aksaray Province
Aksaray Province (Turkish: Aksaray ili) is a province in central Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Konya along the west and south, Ankara to the northwest, Niğde to the southeast, Nevşehir to the east, and Kırşehir to the north. Its area is 7,659 km2, and its population is 439.474 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Aksaray.

Aksaray is one of the four provinces in Cappadocia, along with Nevşehir, Niğde, and Kayseri. Also, the 3,000-metre (9,843 ft) volcano Mount Hasan stands between Aksaray and Niğde. Summers are hot and dry on the plain, but the area is green and covered in flowers in springtime, when water streams off the mountainside. The 2,400 m2 salt lake (0.59 acres), Tuz Gölü, lies within the boundaries of Aksaray, a large swamp area with a maximum depth of 1 metre (3 ft 3 in).
R boat
The R boats (Räumboote in German, literally "clearing boats", meaning minesweepers) were a group of small naval vessels built as minesweepers for the Kriegsmarine (German navy) before and during the Second World War. They were used for several purposes during the war, and were also used post-war by the German Mine Sweeping Administration for clearing naval mines.

Twenty-four boats were transferred back to the post-war German Navy (the Bundesmarine) in 1956 and remained in service until the late 1960s.

In 1954, the Indonesian Navy ordered 10 ships of a modified R-boat design (the Pulau Rau-class) from Abeking & Rasmussen in West Germany.

Voith Schneider Propeller
The Voith Schneider Propeller (VSP) is a specialized marine propulsion system (MPS) manufactured by the Voith Group based on a cyclorotor design. It is highly maneuverable, being able to change the direction of its thrust almost instantaneously. It is widely used on tugs and ferries.
The Voith Schneider drive was invented by Ernst Schneider. It has been developed and produced by Voith in Heidenheim an der Brenz and St. Pölten since 1926.
Karen Bertelsen
Karen Bertelsen  is a Canadian television personality and blogger, known for hosting various programs, including HGTV Canada's Superstar-styled shows, Handyman Superstar Challenge, Designer Superstar Challenge and Slice Network's Superstar Hair Challenge.

Karen was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. She attended Parkside High School and received a Bachelor's degree in Sociology from McMaster University in Canada.

Bertelsen began her career on the local community channel Cable 14 in Hamilton, and then moved to CFMT.

Bertelsen was also a personality for MuchMoreMusic, the W Expert Challenge and the lifestyle show Playing House, both for Canada's W Network. She was nominated for a Gemini Award in the hosting category for the W Network makeover show Stylin' Gypsies.

Bertelsen is the founder of the lifestyle blog "The Art of Doing Stuff".

Cable 14
Cable 14 is a community channel that is licensed to Hamilton, Ontario. It is available to cable television subscribers of both Cogeco and Rogers Cable (including the former Mountain and Source systems) in Hamilton, Dunnville, Caledonia, Hagersville, Jarvis and Cayuga in Haldimand County.
Gern station
Gern is an U-Bahn station in Munich on the U1. It opened on 24 May 1998 (1998-05-24). The station includes displays on local history, and is also noted for its innovative lighting; nine pyramidal aluminium fixtures give the illusion of daylight streaming in from above.

Munich U-Bahn
The Munich U-Bahn (U-Bahn München) is an electric rapid transit network in Munich, Germany. The system opened on 19 October 1971, and is operated by the municipally owned Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG). It is part of the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund (MVV; Munich Transport and Tariff Association) and is interconnected with the Munich S-Bahn.

Together with the S-Bahn, the U-Bahn forms a major component of Munich's local public transport. The network consists of eight lines, serving 96 stations (100 when interchange stations with separate levels are counted twice) and extending over 95 kilometres (59 mi) of track.

In 2024, the system carried 452 million passengers.
Raul Ciupe
Raul Axente Ciupe (born 24 November 1983) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a right back or midfielder for teams such as Sportul Studențesc, Universitatea Cluj or  Sănătatea Cluj, among others.

CS Sănătatea Servicii Publice Cluj
Club Sportiv Sănătatea Servicii Publice Cluj, commonly known as Sănătatea Cluj, or simply Sănătatea, is a Romanian professional football club based in Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County. The club currently competes in Liga III, the third tier of Romanian football.

The club's greatest performances were achieved in the Cupa României, where it managed to reach the Round of 16 in the 2007–08 and 2019–20 seasons, the Round of 32 in the 2009–10, 2011–12, 2013–14, and 2017–18 seasons, and the Group Stage in the 2023–24 season.
Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School
Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School is a high school located in London, Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Thames Valley District School Board.  The school is named after Sir Frederick Banting, who won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of insulin in 1923. The school was officially opened in 1969 with Lady Banting, widow of Sir Frederick Banting, in attendance. The founding principal (1968–1970) was George A. Robbins.   Banting is recognized for having a strong French Immersion program and a music program.

Currently 1,893 students from grade 9–12 are enrolled.

Irene Mathyssen, the former Member of Parliament for London-Fanshawe, taught English at the school until she was elected in the 2006 federal election.

Banting shares an almost exact floor plan with its sister school, Montcalm Secondary School.

The school participated in CBC's series The Greatest Canadian, in which Sir Frederick Banting was nominated.

Frederick Banting
Sir Frederick Grant Banting (/ˈbæntiŋ/; November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian pharmacologist, orthopedist, and field surgeon. For his co-discovery of insulin and its therapeutic potential, Banting was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with John Macleod.

Banting and his student, Charles Best, isolated insulin at the University of Toronto in the lab of Scottish physiologist John Macleod. When he and Macleod received the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Banting shared the honours and award money with Best. That same year, the Government of Canada granted Banting a lifetime annuity to continue his work. He is the youngest Nobel laureate for Physiology/Medicine, at 32.
Pratul Mukhopadhyay
Pratul Mukhopadhyay (25 June 1942 – 15 February 2025) was an Indian Bengali-language singer, creative artist, activist, and songwriter. He is the writer and the singer of the famous Bengali song Ami Banglay Gan Gai and Dinga Bhashao Sagore. He was a playback singer in the Bengali film Gosaibaganer Bhoot. Mukhopadhyay died at the SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, on 15 February 2025, at the age of 82.

Ami Banglay Gaan Gai
Ami Banglay Gaan Gai (Bengali: আমি বাংলায় গান গাই) is a patriotic song by Bengali poet and composer and singer Pratul Mukhopadhyay. The song was elected as sixth greatest Bengali song of all time by BBC Bangla. This song also has been sung in a popular action Bharatio Bangla Cinema 'Kranti' acting by popular actor Jeet.
Yablanitsa Glacier
Yablanitsa Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Ябланица, romanized: lednik Yablanitsa, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈjabɫɐnit͡sɐ]) is a 1.8 km long glacier on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is situated north-northeast of Chuprene Glacier, southwest of Vetrino Glacier and northwest of Ovech Glacier, and flows west of Drinov Peak into Cabut Cove.  The feature is named after the town of Yablanitsa in northern Bulgaria.

Cabut Cove
Cabut Cove is the 1.08 km wide cove indenting for 1 km the northwest coast of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and entered between Markeli Point and Jireček Point.  Part of its coast is formed by the terminus of Yablanitsa Glacier.  The feature's name is given by Argentina.
Smith Island, Virginia
37°8′38″N 75°52′28″W﻿ / ﻿37.14389°N 75.87444°W﻿ / 37.14389; -75.87444
Smith Island is one of the Virginia Barrier Islands located adjacent to the southern end of the Eastern Shore of Virginia in Northampton County near Cape Charles.

The island bears the name of Captain John Smith the explorer who visited it in 1608. In 1614, Governor Thomas Dale sent 20 men, under Lieutenant William Craddock, to the area to establish a salt works and to catch fish for the colonists. They intended to make salt by boiling down the sea water. They settled along Old Plantation Creek at Dale's Gift on the mainland, but established the salt works on Smith Island.

Thomas Dale
Sir Thomas Dale (c. 1570 – 19 August 1619) was an English soldier and colonial administrator who served as deputy-governor of the Colony of Virginia in 1611 and again from 1614 to 1616. Dale is best remembered for the energy and the extreme rigour of his administration in Virginia, which established order and in various ways seems to have benefited the colony, although he was criticised for high-handedness. He is also credited with the establishment of Bermuda Hundred, Bermuda Cittie, and the Cittie of Henricus.
Finland women's national bandy team
The Finland women's national bandy team (Finnish: Suomen naisten jääpallomaajoukkue, Swedish: Finlands damlandslag i bandy) represents Finland in the Women's Bandy World Championship and other international bandy competitions. It is governed by the Finnish Bandy Association, a member of the Federation of International Bandy (FIB).

2004 Women's Bandy World Championship
The Bandy World Championship for women 2004 took place in Lappeenranta, Finland between 18 and 22 February. It was the first World Championship in bandy for women and is officially called the "Women's Bandy World Championship" by English speakers.

The five participating teams initially played a group series, where all teams played each other once. The four best teams progressed to the semi-finals. All matches were 2x30 minutes, apart from the final, which was 2 x 45 minutes. Sweden became world champions, winning their six matches a total of 52–0. In the final-game Sweden defeated Russia, 7–0.
Laurent polynomial
In mathematics, a Laurent polynomial (named
after Pierre Alphonse Laurent) in one variable over a field  is a linear combination of positive and negative powers of the variable with coefficients in . Laurent polynomials in  form a ring denoted . They differ from ordinary polynomials in that they may have terms of negative degree. The construction of Laurent polynomials may be iterated, leading to the ring of Laurent polynomials in several variables.  Laurent polynomials are of particular importance in the study of complex variables.

Pierre Alphonse Laurent
Pierre Alphonse Laurent (18 July 1813 – 2 September 1854) was a French mathematician, engineer, and Military Officer best known for discovering the Laurent series, an expansion of a function into an infinite power series, generalizing the Taylor series expansion.
Royce Ayliffe
David Royce Ayliffe (born 1 January 1956) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. An Australian international and New South Wales State of Origin representative, he played for and captained the Eastern Suburbs club. Ayliffe also played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs club.
During the 1976 NSWRFL season, Brass played in the forwards, helping Eastern Suburbs to victory in their unofficial 1976 World Club Challenge match against British champions St. Helens in Sydney.
While attending Wollongong Keira High School, Ayliffe played for the Australian Schoolboys team in 1972. He also gained selection for the Australian Kangaroos in 1981. Since retirement he has served on the NRL Judiciary.

On 24 October 2000, Ayliffe was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for rugby league achievements.

Australian Schoolboys rugby league team
The Australian Schoolboys rugby league team is the national rugby league football team for secondary school students in Australia.

The team competes against counterparts in New Zealand, known as the Junior Kiwis, England, Wales and France amongst others. Started in 1972, the Australian Schoolboys have produced over 50 Australian representatives, amongst a host of players who have represented other nations at the highest level.
Rolex on a Redneck
"Rolex on a Redneck" is a song by American country rock singer Brantley Gilbert featuring Jason Aldean. It was released on March 25, 2022, as the third promotional single from Gilbert's seventh studio album, So Help Me God. The song peaked at number 41 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.

So Help Me God (Brantley Gilbert album)
So Help Me God is the sixth studio album by American country rock artist Brantley Gilbert. It was released on November 10, 2022, via Big Machine Records’ Valory imprint. The album includes the singles "The Worst Country Song of All Time", featuring Hardy and Toby Keith and "Heaven by Then" featuring Blake Shelton and Vince Gill. A deluxe edition of the album featuring the promotional single "Bury Me Upside Down" was released on April 21, 2023.
Helen Beardsley
Helen Eileen Beardsley (née Brandmeir, formerly North; April 5, 1930 – April 26, 2000) was the mother of a noted blended family of twenty children — eight by her first marriage to Richard North, ten stepchildren from her second husband Frank Beardsley, and two that she and Frank had during their marriage. She wrote a book, Who Gets the Drumstick?, about her blended family's experiences.

The book was the basis for two motion pictures: the 1968 film, Yours, Mine and Ours, starring Lucille Ball and Henry Fonda; and the 2005 remake of the same name, starring Rene Russo and Dennis Quaid.

Yours, Mine & Ours (2005 film)
Yours, Mine & Ours is a 2005 American family comedy film directed by Raja Gosnell and starring Dennis Quaid, Rene Russo, Rip Torn, and Linda Hunt. It is a remake of the 1968 film of the same name. The film follows a blended family with 18 children, who try to stop the marriage between the two parents.

Yours, Mine & Ours was released by Paramount Pictures in the United States and by Sony Pictures Releasing International in international markets on November 23, 2005. It received negative reviews from critics and grossed $72.7 million against a $45 million budget.
Fathers of the Constitution
The Fathers of the Constitution (Spanish: Padres de la Constitución) were the seven political leaders who participated in the writing of the Spanish Constitution of 1978.

Gabriel Cisneros, Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón and José Pedro Pérez Llorca
represented the centre-right Union of the Democratic Centre; Manuel Fraga Iribarne, the right-wing People's Alliance; Gregorio Peces-Barba, the left-wing Spanish Socialist Worker's Party; Jordi Solé Tura, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia / Communist Party of Spain and Miguel Roca Junyent, of the Democratic Pact for Catalonia, represented the Catalan nationalists.

Gabriel Cisneros (1940–2007)

Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón (born 1940)

Manuel Fraga Iribarne (1922–2012)

José Pedro Pérez-Llorca (1940–2019)

Gregorio Peces-Barba (1938–2012)

Jordi Solé Tura (1930–2009)

Miquel Roca Junyent (born 1940)

Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón
Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón (born 18 June 1940) is a Spanish jurist and politician. A member of the Union of the Democratic Centre until 1982, then of People's Alliance and its successor, the People's Party, he is one of the "Fathers of the Constitution", the seven legislators who participating in the draft of the Spanish constitutional text passed in 1978.
Egon Jönsson
Bengt Ingvar Egon "Todde" Jönsson (8 October 1921 – 19 March 2000) was a Swedish footballer who played as a midfielder for Malmö FF and the Sweden national team. A full international between 1946 and 1952, he earned 22 caps for Sweden, scoring nine goals. He was a member of the Sweden team that won the Olympic gold medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, and he also helped win bronze medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 1950 FIFA World Cup.

1948–51 Nordic Football Championship
The 1948–51 Nordic Football Championship was the fifth Nordic Football Championship staged. Four Nordic countries participated: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Sweden won the tournament, its third Nordic Championship win. The tournament was arranged by the Danish Football Association and the trophy was named DBU's Vase.

The tournament had three occasions of a team playing two games on the same day, including two times for Sweden and one time for Denmark.
Souf
Souf (سوف) is a town in Jerash Governorate, Jordan, set over a series of mountains at an altitude of 1,000 meters. Souf is situated 35 miles north of Amman, the capital of Jordan. The total population of Souf exceeds 14,000 people, while it covers a wide area of agricultural land, considered the widest in Jerash.

For many centuries, Souf was the centre of al-Meradh region; which has been called المعراض in Arabic, because it defeated Bedouins used to attack on north Jordan during the 19th century. Later, this region was the base for the governorate of Jerash which was created according to the kingdom's new administrative divisions. A number of villages are considered an extension of the old town of Souf including: Kufr Khall, Balila, Thughretasfour, Jaba, Zagreet, Majar, and Megbleh. Recently, Souf has been attached to greater city of Jerash due to its proximity to the new city.

Jerash Governorate
Jerash Governorate (Arabic: محافظة جرش) is one of 12 governorates in Jordan. It is located in the northwestern side of the country. The capital of the governorate is the city of Jerash.

Jerash Governorate has the smallest area of the 12 governorates of Jordan, yet it has the second highest density in Jordan after Irbid Governorate. Jerash Governorate is ranked 7th by population.
Enigma (Aeon Zen album)
Enigma is the third album by British progressive metal group Aeon Zen. Reviews were generally positive, with AltSounds calling the musicianship "stunning". The album made some departures from the band's previous sounds, with Fireworks magazine noting that "Divinity and Eternal Snow have bursts of growly vocals on the heavier parts", but in spite of this, Prog still deemed there to be an "overwhelming sense of cohesion on this record". Metal Hammer seconded this opinion noting the way that "those theoretically disparate stylistic stands combine to create something that thrums with vitality and a laudable devotion to making music that impresses and resonates".

Aeon Zen
Aeon Zen are an English progressive metal band formed in 2008, led by founding member Rich Gray (formerly Hinks). They have been praised and heavily featured in the international music press, labelled by Classic Rock Magazine as 'a strong contender for best newcomer at the very, very least' and, additionally, as Progression Magazine’s selection for "debut album of the year".

To date, the band has released six studio albums, and have assembled a line-up for live performances. Their first and second albums, entitled A Mind's Portrait and The Face of the Unknown respectively, were released through Time Divide Records on 1 May 2009 and 12 October 2010. These were followed by Enigma, released through Nightmare Records on 22 January 2013, Ephemera, released on 1 September 2014, Inveritas, released on 10 May 2019, and Transversal, released on 24 September 2021.
Rhopalomyia clarkei
Rhopalomyia clarkei is a species of gall midges, insects in the family Cecidomyiidae. The larvae induce galls on two hosts: Solidago altissima and Solidago rugosa and are found in north-eastern and north central North America.

Solidago altissima
Solidago altissima, the tall goldenrod or late goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the family Asteraceae which is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico. It is common in much of its range and fairly tolerant of landscapes which have been disturbed by humans. It has become naturalized in many parts of the world.
Rurópolis
Rurópolis is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil.

The municipality contains part of the Trairão National Forest, in which logging is permitted subject to a management plan.
It also holds part of the Tapajós National Forest, a 549,067 hectares (1,356,770 acres) sustainable use conservation unit created in 1974.

Trairão National Forest
Trairão National Forest (Portuguese: Floresta Nacional do Trairão) is a national forest in the state of Pará, Brazil.
It contains a large area of Amazon rainforest with high biodiversity.
It is a sustainable use conservation unit in which logging is allowed subject to a management plan, and was created in an effort to curb illegal deforestation in the area.
Niddah (Talmud)
Niddah ( /ˈnɪd.ə/; Nid-ah; Hebrew: נִדָּה) is a masekhet or tractate of the Mishnah and the Talmud, and is part of the order of Tohorot. The content of the tractate primarily deals with the legal provisions related to Halakha of Niddah.

In Judaism, a niddah is a woman during menstruation, or a woman who has menstruated and not yet completed the associated requirement of immersion in a mikveh (ritual bath). In the Book of Leviticus, the Torah prohibits sexual intercourse with a niddah. The prohibition has been maintained in traditional Jewish law.  The laws concerning niddah are also referred to as taharat hamishpacha (טהרת המשפחה‎, Hebrew for family purity).

Niddah, along with Eruvin and Yevamot, is considered one of the three most difficult tractates in the Babylonian Talmud. A Hebrew mnemonic for the three is עני (ani, meaning "poverty").

Eruvin (Talmud)
Eruvin (Hebrew: עֵרוּבִין, lit. 'Mixtures') is the second tractate in the Order of Moed in the Talmud, dealing with the various types of eruv.  In this sense this tractate is a natural extension of Shabbat; at one point these tractates were likely joined but then split due to length.

The Ra'ya Mehemna (14th century) introduced ענ״י as an acronym for "Eruvin, Niddah, and Yevamot". According to Jacob Emden, עני destitute is a pun which references the reputed difficulty of these tractates, and the acronym serves to warn off students. Eliezer Sofer uses it for "Eruvin, Nazir, Yevamot", arguing that Nazir is more difficult, and some also use "Eruvin, Nedarim, Yevamot".
John Gottschalk
John E. Gottschalk (/ˈɡɒtʃɔːk/ GOTCH-awk; 1943 – November 3, 2024) was an American business executive who served as the national president of the Boy Scouts of America from 2008 to 2010. He was previously the chief executive officer and publisher of the Omaha World-Herald.

Omaha World-Herald
The Omaha World-Herald is a daily newspaper in the midwestern United States, the primary newspaper of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area.

It was locally owned from its founding in 1885 until 2020, when it was sold to the newspaper chain Lee Enterprises by its most recent local owner, Warren Buffett, chairman of Omaha-based Berkshire Hathaway.

For more than a century it circulated daily throughout  Nebraska – a state that is 430 miles (690 km) long. It also circulated daily throughout all of Iowa, and in parts of Kansas, South Dakota, Missouri, Colorado, and Wyoming. It retrenched during the 2008 financial crisis, ending far-flung circulation and restricting daily delivery to an area in Nebraska and Iowa within an approximately 100-mile (160 km) radius of Omaha.