hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solomon Bibo
Solomon Bibo (July 15, 1853 – May 4, 1934) was a German-Jewish trader in the American Old West who became governor of Acoma Pueblo, equivalent to tribal chief. He was the only non-Native person ever to serve as a governor of the Acoma Pueblo.

Acoma Pueblo
Acoma Pueblo (/ˈækəmə/ AK-ə-mə, Western Keres: Áakʼu) is a Native American pueblo approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of Albuquerque, New Mexico, in the United States.

Four communities make up the village of Acoma Pueblo: Sky City (Old Acoma), Acomita, Anzac, and McCartys. These communities are located near the expansive Albuquerque metropolitan area, which includes several large cities and towns, including neighboring Laguna Pueblo. The Acoma Pueblo tribe is a federally recognized tribal entity, whose historic land of Acoma Pueblo totaled roughly 5,000,000 acres (2,000,000 ha). Today, much of the Acoma community is primarily within the Acoma Indian Reservation. Acoma Pueblo is a National Historic Landmark.

According to the 2010 United States Census, 4,989 people identified as Acoma. The Acoma have continuously occupied the area where Acoma Pueblo is situated for over 2,000 years. Acoma Pueblo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States.
Switch (Mexican magazine)
Switch (stylized in all caps) is a Mexican online music magazine. It was founded in the 1990s in print and published by Editorial Premiere. However, the magazine stopped circulating new issues after February 2011. The final cover featured singer Max Cavalera of Cavalera Conspiracy.

After 12 years, Switch revived in a digital format in May 2023.

It is the only Mexican music magazine to be awarded at an international level by the Society of Publication Designers (SPD).

Editorial Premiere
Editorial Premiere was a Mexican magazine publishing company. The company's magazines focused on niche topics with the goal of informing, entertaining and educating readers.

In December 2010, Editorial Premiere ceased operations and the magazines Cine Premiere and Inversionista were acquired by publisher Impresiones Aéreas SA de CV
Henry Erskine, Master of Cardross
Henry Erskine, Master of Cardross (died 1628) was a Scottish landowner.

He was a son of John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1558–1634) and Marie Stewart.

He, or more likely, his older half-brother, the Master of Mar, danced in Lord Haddington's masque in 1608.

John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1558–1634)
John Erskine, 2nd Earl of Mar (c. 1558 – 14 December 1634) was a Scottish politician, the only son of another John Erskine and Annabella Murray.  He is regarded as both the 19th earl (in the 1st creation) and the 2nd earl (in the 7th).
Daughter of Swords
Alex Sauser-Monnig, also known as Daughter of Swords, is an American musician. Sauser-Monnig has released two albums as Daughter of Swords: Dawnbreaker (2019) and Alex (2025). They are also a member of Mountain Man.

Mountain Man (band)
Mountain Man is an American singing trio described as "nestled in the tradition of American folk" with a traditional Appalachian folk sound. They have earned acclaim from a number of music critics. They often sing a cappella, with a "sparse, haunting, hymnal beauty" sometimes accompanied by soft acoustic guitar, but with their voices "virtually unadorned", according to Guardian critic Paul Lester. The group toured with the vocalist Feist in 2011, and New York Times music reviewer Ben Ratliff described their performance as "creating shifting harmonies" which "worked perfectly".
SP FX: The Empire Strikes Back
SP FX: The Empire Strikes Back is a television documentary special which originally aired on CBS on September 22, 1980. Hosted by actor Mark Hamill, it is a behind-the-scenes look at the creation of the special effects (SP FX) in the second Star Wars film, The Empire Strikes Back, which was released that year. The special was written by Richard Schickel and directed by Robert Guenette, who had both previously worked on the 1977 special The Making of Star Wars.

Richard Schickel
Richard Warren Schickel (February 10, 1933 – February 18, 2017) was an American film historian, journalist, author, documentarian, and film and literary critic. He was a film critic for Time from 1965–2010, and also wrote for Life and the Los Angeles Times Book Review. His last writings about film were for Truthdig.

He was interviewed in For the Love of Movies: The Story of American Film Criticism (2009). In this documentary, he discusses early film critics Frank E. Woods, Robert E. Sherwood, and Otis Ferguson, and tells of how, in the 1960s, he, Pauline Kael and Andrew Sarris, rejected moralizing opposition of the older Bosley Crowther of The New York Times who had railed against violent movies such as Bonnie and Clyde (1967). In addition to film, Schickel also critiqued and documented cartoons, particularly Peanuts.
Vitali convergence theorem
In real analysis and measure theory, the Vitali convergence theorem, named after the Italian mathematician Giuseppe Vitali, is a generalization of the better-known dominated convergence theorem of Henri Lebesgue. It is a characterization of the convergence in Lp in terms of convergence in measure and a condition related to uniform integrability.

Giuseppe Vitali
Giuseppe Vitali (26 August 1875 – 29 February 1932) was an Italian mathematician who worked in several branches of mathematical analysis. He gives his name to several entities in mathematics, most notably the Vitali set with which he was the first to give an example of a non-measurable subset of real numbers.
January 1789 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The January 1789 election of the Speaker of the House of Commons occurred on 5 January 1789.

The election followed the death of incumbent Speaker Charles Wolfran Cornwall.

William Wyndham Grenville was nominated by the Earl of Euston and seconded by William Pulteney.

Sir Gilbert Elliot was nominated by Welbore Ellis and seconded by Frederick Montagu.

Both candidates addressed the House.

On the motion "That the Right Honourable William Wyndham Grenville do take the chair of this House as Speaker," Grenville was elected by 215 votes to 144.

Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, PC, FRSE, MP (/kɪˈnɪnmənd/; 23 April 1751 – 21 June 1814), known as Sir Gilbert Elliott, 4th Baronet until 1797, and the Lord Minto from 1797 to 1813, was a British diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons  between 1776 and 1795. He was viceroy of the short-lived Anglo-Corsican Kingdom from 1794 to 1796 and went on to become Governor-General of India between July 1807 and 1813.
2024–25 Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball team represented Texas A&M University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Buzz Williams and played their home games at Reed Arena located in College Station, Texas as a member of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 23–11, 11–7 in SEC play to finish in fifth place. They lost in the second round of the SEC tournament to Texas, 94–89 in double overtime. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 4 seed in the South region. They defeated Yale, 80–71, in the first round before losing to Michigan, 91–79, in the second round.

On April 1, 2025, head coach Buzz Williams left the team to become the head coach at Maryland. On April 4, the school named Samford head coach Bucky McMillan the team's new head coach.

2024–25 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team
The 2024–25 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was the program's 109th season and its 108th consecutive year as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The Wolverines were led by first-year head coach Dusty May, and played their home games at Crisler Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Teichoic acid
Teichoic acids (cf. Greek τεῖχος, teīkhos, "wall", to be specific a fortification wall, as opposed to τοῖχος, toīkhos, a regular wall) are bacterial copolymers  of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate and carbohydrates linked via phosphodiester bonds.

Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of most Gram-positive bacteria such as species in the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, and Listeria, and appear to extend to the surface of the peptidoglycan layer. They can be covalently linked to N-acetylmuramic acid or a terminal D-alanine in the tetrapeptide crosslinkage between N-acetylmuramic acid units of the peptidoglycan layer, or they can be anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane with a lipid anchor.

Teichoic acids that are anchored to the lipid membrane are referred to as lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), whereas teichoic acids that are covalently bound to peptidoglycan are referred to as wall teichoic acids (WTA).

Phosphodiester bond
In chemistry, a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups (−OH) in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. The "bond" involves this linkage C−O−PO−2O−C.  Discussion of phosphodiesters is dominated by their prevalence in DNA and RNA, but phosphodiesters occur in other biomolecules, e.g. acyl carrier proteins, phospholipids and the cyclic forms of GMP and AMP (cGMP and cAMP).
Midland Railway 115 Class
The Midland Railway 115 Class was the third of four classes of 4-2-2 steam locomotive, nicknamed "Spinners", designed by Samuel Waite Johnson. A total of 15 of the class were built between 1896 and 1899. They were capable of reaching speeds of up to 90 miles per hour (140 km/h). One engine, No. 673, is preserved in the National Collection.

Samuel Waite Johnson
Samuel Waite Johnson (14 October 1831 – 14 January 1912) was an English railway engineer, and was Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the Midland Railway from 1873 to 1903.  He was born in Bramley, Yorkshire and educated at Leeds Grammar School.
Pipemakers Park
Pipemakers Park is located in the inner western suburbs of Melbourne in the city of Maribyrnong, on the western bank of the Maribyrnong River near Highpoint Shopping Centre. The park was created on the site of a former pipe works and meat preserving company, and retains historic buildings adapted to a museum (Melbourne's Living Museum of the West). and interpreted industrial ruins.

The park was formerly managed by Parks Victoria but in 2014, Maribyrnong City Council took over management of this and the adjacent Burndap Park and Frog Hollow.

Melbourne's Living Museum of the West
Melbourne's Living Museum of the West is an ecomuseum and community social history museum in Melbourne's western suburb of Maribyrnong. It was established as part of Victoria's sesquicentenary (150 year anniversary) in 1984, along with the Children's Museum and the Museum of Chinese Australian History.
Poitou-Charentes
Poitou-Charentes (French pronunciation: [pwatu ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ;  Occitan: Peitau-Charantas; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Poetou-Chérentes) was an administrative region on the southwest coast of France. It comprised four departments: Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne. It included the historical provinces of Angoumois, Aunis, Saintonge and Poitou.

Poitiers was the regional capital. Other important cities were La Rochelle, Niort, Angoulême, Châtellerault, Saintes, Rochefort and Royan.

Poitou-Charentes was merged with Aquitaine and Limousin to form the new administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine on 1 January 2016.

Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres (French pronunciation: [dø sɛvʁ] ⓘ, Poitevin-Saintongese: Deùs Saevres) is a French department. Deux-Sèvres literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 374,878 in 2019.
D. C. Jarvis
DeForest Clinton Jarvis (March 15, 1881 – August 15, 1966) was an American physician from Vermont. He is best known for drinking vinegar folk medicine. He recommended a mixture of raw apple cider vinegar and honey that has variously been called switchel or honegar, as a health tonic. He promoted the use of vinegar to keep the acidity of the body more acidic than alkaline, which he believed treated medical problems like burns and varicose veins.

Apple cider vinegar
Apple cider vinegar, or cider vinegar, is a vinegar made from cider, and used in salad dressings, marinades, vinaigrettes, food preservatives, and chutneys. It is made by crushing apples, then squeezing out the juice. The apple juice is then fermented by yeast which converts the sugars in the juice to ethanol. In a second fermentation step, the ethanol is converted into acetic acid by acetic acid-forming bacteria (Acetobacter species), yielding cider vinegar. The acetic acid, together with the malic acid naturally present in apple juice, contribute to the sour taste of this vinegar.

There is no high-quality clinical evidence that regular consumption of apple cider vinegar helps to maintain or lose body weight,  or is effective to manage blood glucose and lipid levels.
Charlottenborg manor house
Charlottenborg (Charlottenborgs slott) is a manor house  in Motala  on the shores of Motala ström in Östergötland county, Sweden.

The manor was built in the mid 17th century by count Ludvig Wierich Lewenhaupt ( 1622-1668 ) and named in honour of his wife, Charlotte von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1626–1666). Charlottenborg was the former residence of both General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt (1659–1719)  and engineer Daniel Fraser (1787–1849). The mid-seventeenth-century house that is shown in an engraving in the topography Suecia antiqua et hodierna by Erik Dahlberg (1625–1703) was rebuilt in more modern fashion in the eighteenth century.

Since 1959, the manor has been owned by Motala Municipality. Today Charlottenborg houses the Motala Museum, with exhibitions on local history. The museum also exhibits art from the 17th century to the 20th century. Among the artists represented are works by Bruno Liljefors (1860–1939) and Johan Krouthén (1858–1932).

Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna
Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna ("Ancient and Modern Sweden") is a collection of engravings collected by Erik Dahlbergh during the middle of the 17th century. Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna can be described as a grand vision of Sweden during its period as a great power. Dahlberg's direct source of inspiration was the topographical publications issued by the Swiss publisher Matthäus Merian. In 1661 Dahlberg was granted a royal privilege enabling him to realize his plans, which kept him occupied for a good decade, and a work that would not be printed until after his death. In its final state Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna comprised three volumes containing 353 plates.
Jake Weary
Jacob Weary (born February 14, 1990) is an American actor. He is known for starring as Deran Cody in the TNT drama series Animal Kingdom (2016–2022). Other notable roles include his run as Luke Snyder in the CBS soap opera As the World Turns (2005), Vince Keeler in NBC's action-drama series Chicago Fire (2014), and in horror films It Follows (2014) and It Chapter Two (2019). As of 2025, he stars in the Netflix series The Waterfront.

The Waterfront (TV series)
The Waterfront is an American crime drama television series created by Kevin Williamson and produced by Outerbanks Entertainment and Universal Television that premiered on Netflix on June 19, 2025. In August 2025, the series was canceled after one season.
Ainadamar
Ainadamar (from the Arabic عين الدمع 'Fountain of  Tears') is an "opera in three images" by Argentinian composer Osvaldo Golijov to a libretto by American playwright David Henry Hwang translated from English into Spanish by Golijov. In a series of flashbacks, it tells the story of the famous Spanish poet and playwright Federico García Lorca and his muse, the actress Margarita Xirgu, their opposition to the Falange, accusations of homosexuality against the playwright, and events leading to his execution by the Falange. Lorca is a breeches role sung by a mezzo-soprano. The opera was first performed at Tanglewood on 10 August 2003, substantially revised for a performance in Los Angeles on 29 February 2004 and adjusted further for its premiere at Santa Fe Opera on 30 July 2005, after which it was recorded.

David Henry Hwang
David Henry Hwang (born August 11, 1957) is an American playwright, librettist, screenwriter, and theater professor at Columbia University in New York City. He has won three Obie Awards for his plays  FOB, Golden Child, and Yellow Face. He has one Tony Award (M. Butterfly) and three other nominations (Golden Child, Flower Drum Song, and Yellow Face). Three of his works (M. Butterfly, Yellow Face, and Soft Power) have been finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
Edoardo Menichelli
Edoardo Menichelli (14 October 1939 – 20 October 2025) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ancona-Osimo from 2004 to 2017. Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 14 February 2015.

Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo
The Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo (Latin: Archidioecesis Anconitana-Auximana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory and metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in the Marche region of Italy.

It has existed in its present form since 1986, when the Archdiocese of Ancona was united with the historical Diocese of Osimo. Since earliest times, the diocese has been directly subject to the Holy See without intermediate authorities.

The archbishop has his episcopal throne in the Cathedral of Ancona, while the Cathedral of Osimo has the status of  a co-cathedral.

In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the archbishop of Ancona was frequently a cardinal. One, Prospero Lambertini, became Pope Benedict XIV.
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a chemical reaction between a 1,3-dipole and a dipolarophile to form a five-membered ring. The earliest 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions were described in the late 19th century to the early 20th century, following the discovery of 1,3-dipoles. Mechanistic investigation and synthetic application were established in the 1960s, primarily through the work of Rolf Huisgen. Hence, the reaction is sometimes referred to as the Huisgen cycloaddition (this term is often used to specifically describe the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an organic azide and an alkyne to generate 1,2,3-triazole). 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is an important route to the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of five-membered heterocycles and their ring-opened acyclic derivatives. The dipolarophile is typically an alkene or alkyne, but can be other pi systems. When the dipolarophile is an alkyne, aromatic rings are generally produced.

1,2,3-Triazole
1,2,3-Triazole is one of a pair of isomeric chemical compounds with molecular formula C2H3N3, called triazoles, which have a five-membered ring of two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms. 1,2,3-Triazole is a basic aromatic heterocycle.
Pietro Cascella
Pietro Cascella (February 2, 1921 – May 18, 2008) was an Italian sculptor. His principal work consisted of 
large monumental sculptures, including the International Monument to the Victims of Fascism in the Auschwitz II-Birkenau death camp in Poland (1957–1967), and an underground mausoleum for Silvio Berlusconi at his villa in Arcore in the 1980s.

International Monument to the Victims of Fascism
The International Monument to the Victims of Fascism (Polish: Międzynarodowy Pomnik Ofiar Obozu, lit. International Monument to the Victims of the Camp) is a commemorative monument in the Auschwitz II–Birkenau concentration camp in Birkenau (now Brzezinka) in southern Poland. It lies at the western end of the railway lines which cross the camp from the main gate. The monument was designed by Italian architects Andrea and Pietro Cascella, and executed in collaboration with Polish and Italian artists Jerzy Jarnuszkiewicz, Julio Lafuente and Giorgio Simoncini. Completion of the monument took about nine years. It was dedicated on 16 April 1967.: 228  Trees were planted behind the monument by the people of Brzezinka.: 61
Pumpkin pie
Pumpkin pie is a dessert pie with a spiced, pumpkin-based custard filling. The pumpkin and pumpkin pie are both a symbol of harvest time, and pumpkin pie is generally eaten during the fall and early winter. In the United States and Canada it is usually prepared for Thanksgiving, Christmas, and other occasions when pumpkin is in season. Pumpkin is in season generally from mid-October through November. Harvest occurs during October which is just in time for Thanksgiving.

The pie's filling ranges in color from orange to brown and is baked in a single pie shell, usually without a top crust. The pie is generally flavored with pumpkin pie spice, a blend that includes cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, and cloves or allspice. The pie is usually prepared with canned pumpkin, but fresh-cooked pumpkin can be used.

Nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed, or the ground spice derived from the seed, of several tree species of the genus Myristica; fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg (M. fragrans) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of nutmeg essential oil and nutmeg butter. The Banda Islands, in Maluku, Indonesia, are the main producer of nutmeg and mace, and the true nutmeg tree is native to the islands.

Nutmeg and mace, commonly used as food spices, have been traditionally employed for their psychoactive and aphrodisiac effects, though clinical evidence is lacking. High doses can cause serious toxic effects including acute psychosis, with risks heightened during pregnancy and with psychiatric conditions.

Conifers of the genus Torreya, commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans, and are not used as a spice.
Lockport City School District
Lockport City School District is a school district headquartered in Lockport, New York.

The district includes all of the City of Lockport, most of the Town of Lockport, and portions of the following towns: Cambria and Pendleton. It also includes almost all of the South Lockport census-designated place.

South Lockport, New York
South Lockport is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the Town of Lockport in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 8,234 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

South Lockport is south of the City of Lockport on New York State Route 78.
Socialist Party of North Dakota
The Socialist Party of North Dakota was the semi-autonomous affiliate of the Socialist Party of America established in 1902 in the state of North Dakota. The organization had roots in a socialist club founded by Norwegian immigrants in Fargo in 1900. One of the party's professional organizers, a former farmer named Arthur C. Townley, abandoned the group in 1915 to establish a new organization called the Non-Partisan League. The rapid growth of this organization spelled the demise of the official Socialist organization in the state.

Arthur LeSueur
Arthur LeSueur or Arthur Le Sueur (December 7, 1867– March 19, 1950) was an American newspaper editor, politician, and lawyer. LeSueur, a socialist, served as the mayor of Minot, North Dakota from 1909 until his resignation in 1911.
Ultrasport
Ultrasport was a Norwegian extreme sports magazine. The magazine was started in 1991. In 2001 the magazine published nude photos of Kari Traa, which caused public outcry in Norway. In 2006 the magazine was acquired by Cicero Norway AS. It ceased publication in 2008.

Kari Traa
Kari Traa (born 28 January 1974) is a Norwegian former Olympic freestyle skier. She won the Olympic title in the moguls event at the 2002 Winter Olympics, finished second at the 2006 games, and finished third at the 1998 games.