hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Character module
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra, every module has an associated character module. Using the associated character module it is possible to investigate the properties of the original module. One of the main results discovered by Joachim Lambek shows that a module is flat if and only if the associated character module is injective.

Joachim Lambek
Joachim "Jim" Lambek FRSC (5 December 1922 – 23 June 2014) was a Canadian mathematician. He was Peter Redpath Emeritus Professor of Pure Mathematics at McGill University, where he earned his PhD degree in 1950 with Hans Zassenhaus as advisor.
St Elisabeth's Church, Eastbourne
St Elisabeth's Church is a Church of England church in the Old Town area of Eastbourne, East Sussex, England. The original church was built between 1935 and 1938 to the designs of local architects Stonham & Sons and Fenning. It became a Grade II listed building in 1994, but was demolished in 2020 due to structural problems. The former church hall has been the present St Elisabeth's Church since 2002. It is also a listed building, as is the vicarage, with both being designated in 1999.

Hans Feibusch
Hans Nathan Feibusch (15 August 1898 – 18 July 1998) was a German painter and sculptor of Jewish heritage who lived and worked in Britain from 1933 until his death.  He is best known for his murals, particularly in Anglican churches.  In all he worked in thirty Anglican churches (28 as a muralist, and two—including Ely Cathedral—as sculptor only) and produced what is probably the largest body of work in his particular métier by any artist in the history of the Church of England.
Federal Charter of 1291
The Federal Charter or Letter of Alliance (German: Bundesbrief) is one of the earliest constitutional documents of Switzerland. A treaty of alliance from 1291 between the cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, the Charter is one of a series of alliances from which the Old Swiss Confederacy emerged. In the 19th and 20th century, after the establishment of the Swiss federal state, the Charter became the central founding document of Switzerland in the popular imagination.

The Charter documents the Eternal Alliance of the League of the Three Forest Cantons (German: Ewiger Bund der Drei Waldstätten), the union of three cantons in what is now central Switzerland. It is dated to early August 1291, which in the 20th century inspired the date of Swiss National Day, 1 August. Done in Latin, the Charter makes reference to a previous (lost or unwritten) pact. It is now exhibited at the Museum of the Swiss Charters of Confederation in Schwyz.

Museum of the Swiss Charters of Confederation
The Museum of the Swiss Charters of Confederation (German: Bundesbriefmuseum; up to 1992 the Federal Charter Archive) is a history museum in Schwyz. It was built in 1936 as a national shrine for the Federal Charter of 1291, which was believed to be the founding document of the Swiss Confederation. Today, the museum explains the national myth and the actual history of the Old Swiss Confederacy. It features a collection of original documents and flags.
Chris Beatty
Christopher Beatty (born June 19, 1973) is an American professional football coach and former wide receiver who is the wide receivers coach for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He recently served as the interim offensive coordinator for the Chicago Bears. He has previously served as the wide receivers coach for the Los Angeles Chargers from 2021 to 2023.

Beatty played college football at East Tennessee State University as a wide receiver and played in the Canadian Football League for two seasons with the Baltimore Stallions and Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He previously served as an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Chargers, the University of Pittsburgh, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Virginia, University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Vanderbilt University, West Virginia University, Northern Illinois University and Hampton University.

East Tennessee State Buccaneers football
The East Tennessee State Buccaneers football program is the intercollegiate American football team for East Tennessee State University (ETSU) located in Johnson City, Tennessee. The team was dormant from the end of the 2003 season until being reinstated for the 2015 season. They played all of their 2015 home games and all but one of their 2016 home games at Kermit Tipton Stadium before the opening of the new William B. Greene Jr. Stadium for the 2017 season. The remaining 2016 home game, against Western Carolina on September 17, was played at nearby Bristol Motor Speedway, which was already set up for football due to a game the prior week between the University of Tennessee and Virginia Tech. Before ETSU dropped football, it competed in NCAA Division I as a Southern Conference (SoCon) football program. The revived program played as an independent in 2015 before returning to the SoCon in 2016.
Keilor Stadium
Keilor Stadium is an Australian indoor arena that caters to both basketball and netball. It is located in Keilor Park, a north-western suburb of Melbourne, Victoria.

From 1987 until 1990, the stadium was the home of National Basketball League team the Westside Melbourne Saints.

In 2015, a AU$6.5 million refurbishment of the almost 30 year old stadium was completed with 3 extra courts being built. The new courts were officially opened on 7 December.

Southern Melbourne Saints
The Southern Melbourne Saints, previously known as the St. Kilda Saints and Westside Saints, were an Australian professional basketball team based in Melbourne. The Saints competed in the National Basketball League (NBL) between 1979 and 1991.
James Dacre
James Charles Dacre (born May 1984) is a British theatre, opera and film director and producer. He was artistic director of Royal & Derngate Theatres in Northampton from 2013-2023 and prior to that held Associate Director roles at The New Vic Theatre, Theatre503 and The National Youth Theatre.

King John (play)
The Life and Death of King John (also King John), by William Shakespeare, is a history play about the reign of John, King of England (r. 1199–1216), the son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and the father of Henry III. King John was written in the mid-1590s but published in 1623 in the First Folio of Shakespeare's works.
LSWR 445 class
The LSWR 445 class was a class of express passenger 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed for the London and South Western Railway by William Adams. Twelve were constructed by Robert Stephenson and Company in 1883.

The class were numbered 445–456, and were an enlarged version of the 135 class.

All were renumbered in to the duplicate list as 0445–0456 between 1908 and 1911.

All passed to the Southern Railway at the grouping in 1923. Withdrawals started that year, with four being retired in 1924 and the last seven withdrawn and scrapped in 1925.

William Adams (locomotive engineer)
William Adams (15 October 1823 – 7 August 1904) was an English railway engineer. He was the Locomotive Superintendent of the North London Railway from 1858 to 1873; the Great Eastern Railway from 1873 until 1878 and the London and South Western Railway from then until his retirement in 1895. He is best known for his locomotives featuring the Adams bogie, a device with lateral centring springs (initially made of rubber) to improve high-speed stability. He should not be mistaken for William Bridges Adams (1797–1872) a locomotive engineer who, confusingly, invented the Adams axle – a radial axle that William Adams incorporated in designs for the London and South Western Railway.
East Asian Judo Championships
East Asian Judo Championships is the Judo East Asian Championship organized by the Judo Union of Asia.

The tournament began in 2006 and was held every years, except in the years when the East Asian Games have been held.

Judo Union of Asia
The Judo Union of Asia (JUA) is the governing body of judo in Asia. It is one of the five continental confederations making up the International Judo Federation (IJF). JUA was formed in 1956 in Tokyo (Japan), with Chinese Taipei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Philippines and Thailand being the founder members. JUA has headquarters in Kuwait and consists of 39 member federations.
Pokemouche River
The Pokemouche River is in north eastern New Brunswick, Canada. The name is derived from the Algonquin language. Its headwaters are near the town of Hautes-Terres, and it flows in an easterly direction approximately twenty kilometers where it empties into the Gulf of St. Lawrence at Inkerman Lake. Other communities along its watershed include Maltampec and Pokemouche. Its tributaries include South Branch Pokemouche River, Cowans Creek, and the Waugh River.

Inkerman Parish, New Brunswick
Inkerman is a geographic parish in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes it is divided between the towns of Caraquet, Hautes-Terres, and Shippagan, the Pokemouche 13 Indian reserve, the regional municipality of Tracadie; all are members of the Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between Tracadie and the local service districts of Evangéline, Inkerman Centre, Landry Office, Maltempec, and Pokemouche.

The local service district of the same name, which included only part of the parish, was amalgamated into the Regional Municipality of Grand Tracadie–Sheila on July 1, 2014, causing some misunderstanding of its status.
My Heart Is Yours (Passion song)
"My Heart Is Yours" is a worship song released by Passion as the lead single from their 2014 live album, Passion: Take It All, on April 1, 2014. It features live vocals from American Christian music singer and worship leader Kristian Stanfill. The song peaked at No. 13 on the Christian Songs Billboard chart and appeared on the 2012 year-end Christian Songs chart at No. 27. The song's bridge features lines from the popular hymn "I Surrender All" by Judson W. Van DeVenter and Winfield Scott. This song was also listed at No. 12 on Worship Leader's Top 20 Songs of 2014.

Passion: Take It All
Passion: Take It All is a contemporary worship album recorded live at Passion Conferences in Atlanta and Houston in 2014. The album features bestselling artists Chris Tomlin, Crowder, Matt Redman, Christy Nockels, and Kristian Stanfill, along with special guest performances.
Queenborough Castle
Queenborough Castle, also known as Sheppey Castle, is a 14th-century castle, the remnants of which are in the town of Queenborough on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent in England. The castle and the associated planned town were built on the orders of King Edward III from 1361 and named in honour his wife, Queen Philippa. It was the first concentric castle to be built in England, and the only royal castle to be new-built in England during the Late Middle Ages. Overlooking the Swale, then an important waterway approaching the River Medway, Queenborough Castle formed part of the country's coastal defences until 1650 when it was declared to be unfit for use and was almost completely demolished shortly afterwards. The site is now a public park and the only visible remains are some low earthworks.

Bellver Castle
Bellver Castle (Catalan: Castell de Bellver, locally [ˌbeʎˈvə]) is a Gothic-style castle on a hill 3 km to the west of the center of Palma de Mallorca on the island of Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain. It was built in the 14th century for King James II of Majorca, and is one of the few circular castles in Europe. First serving as the residence of the Kings of Majorca, and afterward long used as a military prison throughout the 18th to mid-20th century, it is now under civilian control, being one of the main tourist attractions of the island, as well as the seat for the city's History Museum.
Artur Ganszyniec
Artur Ganszyniec (born 17 December 1977) is a Polish role-playing game, board game and video game designer.

He is known for being the lead story designer on The Witcher, as well as the creator of the Wolsung steampunk role-playing game and board game. His other work includes The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings, Call of Juarez: The Cartel, Another Case Solved and Wanderlust Travel Stories.

In June 2019, he wrote a slow gaming manifesto, based on the models of slow living and slow food movements.

Wanderlust Travel Stories
Wanderlust Travel Stories is a 2019 indie text-based adventure game developed by Different Tales and published by Walkabout Games. It was released worldwide on Windows, iOS and macOS on 26 September 2019, and is available on Steam, GOG.com, App Store, Mac App Store and Nintendo Switch.  A spinoff of the game, Wanderlust: Transsiberian, was released April 9, 2020.
Group size measures
Many animals, including humans, tend to live in groups, herds, flocks, bands, packs, shoals, or colonies (hereafter: groups) of conspecific individuals. The size of these groups, as expressed by the number of people/etc in a group such as eight groups of nine people in each one, is an important aspect of their social environment. Group size tend to be highly variable even within the same species, thus we often need statistical measures to quantify group size and statistical tests to compare these measures between two or more samples. Group size measures are notoriously hard to handle statistically since groups sizes typically follow an aggregated (right-skewed) distribution: most groups are small, few are large, and a very few are very large.

Statistical measures of group size roughly fall into two categories.

Bird colony
A bird colony is a large congregation of one or more species of bird that nest or roost in proximity at a particular location. Many kinds of birds are known to congregate in groups of varying size; a congregation of nesting birds is called a breeding colony. Colonial nesting birds include seabirds such as auks and albatrosses; wetland species such as herons; and a few passerines such as weaverbirds, certain blackbirds, and some swallows. A group of birds congregating for rest is called a communal roost. Evidence of colonial nesting has been found in non-neornithine birds (Enantiornithes), in sediments from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania.
Cartersville, Cumberland County, Virginia
Cartersville is an unincorporated community in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.

Cartersville formed around the James River and Kanawha Canal. An 1855 gazetteer described it as having "1 church, several stores, and about 50 dwellings."

A number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places are located in and around Cartersville; among these are the plantation house Ampthill, the Cartersville Bridge, Hamilton High School, and Morven, an historic home, as well as the Cartersville Historic District.

Cartersville Bridge
Cartersville Bridge is a historic bridge located near Cartersville, Cumberland County, Virginia. The original bridge was constructed in 1822, and its five stone piers of rough cut ashlar and rubble and two stone abutments remain. Atop them is a superstructure constructed in 1883-84 of heavy timber members with cast-iron connections arranged to form a truss configuration based on the Pratt truss. The bridge is composed of six spans with an end-to-end length of 843 feet (257 m).

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
John Burnett (historian)
John Burnett (20 December 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a social historian who was a professor at Brunel University between 1972 and 1990. His research examined the day-to-day lives of ordinary British people in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Originally from Nottingham, he studied at New College Nottingham (formerly known as High Pavement School), and then read history and law at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, then law at the University of London. He taught at Guildford Technical College and London South Bank University (formerly known as Borough Polytechnic)  before reading for a PhD in history at the London School of Economics.

The Burnett Archive of Working Class Autobiography, housed at Brunel University and containing over 230 autobiographies, was compiled by Burnett, David Vincent and David Mayall. Burnett, Vincent and Myall co-edited The Autobiography of the Working Class, in three volumes, based on their work on the archive.

Nottingham College
Nottingham College is one of the largest further education and higher education colleges in the United Kingdom. Based in the city of Nottingham in England, it provides education and training from pre-entry through to university-degree level at its 10 centres in the city and around Nottinghamshire.
Swallows (novel)
Swallows (Japanese: 燕は戻ってこない, Hepburn: Tsubame wa Modottekonai) is Japanese novel written by by Natsuo Kirino. The novel was serialized from 2019 to 2021 and published in print in March 2022. It was also adapted into a manga series and live-action television drama series.

Natsuo Kirino
Natsuo Kirino (桐野 夏生, Kirino Natsuo) (born October 7, 1951, in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture) is the pen name of Mariko Hashioka, a Japanese novelist and a leading figure in the recent boom of female writers of Japanese detective fiction.
Yonrico Scott
Yonrico Scott (October 6, 1955 – September 19, 2019) was an American drummer and percussionist. He was a longtime member of the Grammy winning The Derek Trucks Band, became a bandleader of his own ensemble, the Yonrico Scott Band, and later worked with the Royal Southern Brotherhood, with Cyril Neville. Having developed his craft not only from years of session work, roadwork, and study, the Cape Cod Times proclaimed him "a standout in the band... whose strong beats powered songs such as 'I'll Find My Way' off the group's Songlines CD".

Already Free
Already Free is the sixth and final studio album by The Derek Trucks Band. It was released in the United States on January 13, 2009, by Legacy Recordings. A European release followed on February 20, 2009. The album has received very positive reviews, and debuted at #19 on the Billboard Top 200 reached #1 on the blues chart, #1 on the Internet chart, and #4 on the Rock chart. This marks the band's highest debut on the Billboard Top 200 chart to date.  The album won the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album, marking the band's first Grammy award.

The first single, "Down in the Flood", was released on November 4, 2008. Guest musicians include Doyle Bramhall II, Oteil Burbridge, Susan Tedeschi, and Eric Krasno (of Soulive). The song "Back Where I Started" was co-written by Trucks with fellow Allman Brothers Band guitarist Warren Haynes.
Musketeers Twenty Years After
Musketeers Twenty Years After (Russian: Мушкетёры двадцать лет спустя, translit. Mushketeri dvadsat' let spustya) is a four-episode Russian musical film directed by Georgi Yungvald-Khilkevich based on Alexandre Dumas' 1845 novel Twenty Years After.

Filming began in the summer of 1990 and took place in Tallinn, Leningrad and Odessa. In August 1991, the main songs of the film, that were performed by Igor Nadzhiev, were recorded. In 1992, editing and dubbing of the movie were completed. And in January 1993, the premiere took place on the  Channel One Russia of Ostankino.

The previous film was D'Artagnan and Three Musketeers. The next movie — The Secret of Queen Anne or Musketeers Thirty Years After.

Igor Nadzhiev
Igor Mislyumovich Nadzhiev (Russian: И́горь Мислю́мович Наджи́ев; born November 13, 1967, Astrakhan) is a Soviet and Russian singer, songwriter, composer, poet and actor. Pesnya Goda  Award Winner (1997).
Asseiceira
Asseiceira is a civil parish (Freguesia) in the municipality of Tomar, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 2,943, in an area of 29.08 km².

It is the location of the Battle of Asseiceira, fought on 16 May 1834, the last and decisive engagement of the Portuguese Civil War.

Tomar
Tomar (Portuguese pronunciation: [tuˈmaɾ] ⓘ), also known in English as Thomar (the ancient name of Tomar), is a Portuguese city and a municipality in the historical Ribatejo Portuguese province, and in Santarém district. The town proper has a population of about 20,000. The municipality population in 2011 was 40,677, in an area of 351.20 km2 (135.60 sq mi).

The town of Tomar was created inside the walls of the Convento de Cristo, constructed under the orders of Gualdim de Pais, the fourth Grand Master of the Knights Templar in Portugal in the late 12th century.

Tomar was the last Templar town to be commissioned for construction and one of Portugal's historical jewels. The town was especially important in the 15th century when it was a center of Portuguese overseas expansion under Henry the Navigator, the Grand Master of the Order of Christ, successor organization to the Knights Templar in Portugal.
Moscow Refinery
The Moscow Refinery (Russian: Московский нефтеперерабатывающий завод) is an oil refinery plant in the Russian capital of Moscow. It is also known as the Kapotnya Refinery, after the Kapotnya District in which it is located. This refinery has belonged to the Russian state-owned company Gazprom since 2011.

Sibir Energy
Sibir Energy was AIM-listed British oil company, whose primary line of business is petroleum and natural gas exploration in Siberia, Russia. Since February 2011, it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Gazprom Neft. In February 2016, Gazprom completely liquidated Sibir Energy as a separate company.
Howie Menard
Howard Hubert Ménard (born April 28, 1942) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 151 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Detroit Red Wings, Los Angeles Kings, Chicago Black Hawks and the Oakland Seals between 1964 and 1970. Most of his career, which lasted from 1962 to 1977, was spent in the minor American Hockey League (AHL). Howie is the brother of Hillary Menard.

Howie continues to hold the record for most points in a playoff game (7) in the AHL Calder Cup, with four goals and three assists against the Cleveland Barons on April 12, 1972, while playing for the Baltimore Clippers. Only two players have tied his record since that time.

Howie was the Captain of the 1961-62 Memorial Cup Champions, Hamilton Red Wings.

Baltimore Clippers
The Baltimore Clippers were a minor league professional ice hockey team in Baltimore, Maryland, playing in the Baltimore Civic Center. The Clippers were members of the American Hockey League from 1962 to 1976, and then played one season in the Southern Hockey League. The team was managed by Terry Reardon for its first fourteen seasons, and won three division titles, but did not capture a Calder Cup title. Baltimore began as a farm team for the New York Rangers, and helped develop Hall of Fame players including Eddie Giacomin, Doug Harvey, Jacques Plante and Jean Ratelle. The Clippers also featured eight alumni who are now members of the AHL Hall of Fame. The team name "Clippers" was used by two previous professional hockey teams in Baltimore, and paid homage to local history in the Baltimore Clipper and the Port of Baltimore.