hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meltwater
Meltwater (or melt water) is water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. Meltwater is often found during early spring when snow packs and frozen rivers melt with rising temperatures, and in the ablation zone of glaciers where the rate of snow cover is reducing. Meltwater can be produced during volcanic eruptions, in a similar way in which the more dangerous lahars form. It can also be produced by the heat generated by the flow itself.

When meltwater pools on the surface rather than flowing, it forms melt ponds. As the weather gets colder, meltwater will often re-freeze. Meltwater can also collect or melt under the ice's surface. These pools of water, known as subglacial lakes, can form due to geothermal heat and friction. Melt ponds may also form above and below Arctic sea ice, decreasing its albedo and causing the formation of thin underwater ice layers or false bottoms.

Cryosphere
The cryosphere is an umbrella term for those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form. This includes sea ice, ice on lakes or rivers, snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). Thus, there is an overlap with the hydrosphere. The cryosphere is an integral part of the global climate system. It also has important feedbacks on the climate system. These feedbacks come from the cryosphere's influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes, clouds, the water cycle, atmospheric and oceanic circulation.

Through these feedback processes, the cryosphere plays a significant role in the global climate and in climate model response to global changes. Approximately 10% of the Earth's surface is covered by ice, but this is rapidly decreasing. Current reductions in the cryosphere (caused by climate change) are measurable in ice sheet melt, glaciers decline, sea ice decline, permafrost thaw and snow cover decrease.
Luke Jukulile
Luke Petros Jukulile (born 5 September 1973) is a retired Zimbabwean football (soccer) midfielder. He played professionally for Kaizer Chiefs, CAPS United, Lancashire Steel, Dynamos and Shabanie Mine and also represented Zimbabwe.

Lancashire Steel F.C.
Lancashire Steel F.C. were a Zimbabwean football club which was based in Kwekwe. They were set to play in the second tier of Zimbabwean football after their relegation at the end of the 2008 football season before folding up. Their home stadium is Baghdad Stadium. Lancashire Steel sold their franchise to Mateta (Gokwe) in 2009. The club reformed in 2010 and played in the Midlands Region Division
Two 2B were they finish Runners-up in the league. In 2011 Lancashire Steel are in the Zifa
Central Region Division One.
Antonio Anastasio Rossi
Antonio Anastasio Rossi (18 July 1864 – 29 March 1948) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate.

Rossi was Archbishop of Udine from 8 January 1910 to 1927. On 19 December 1927, was appointed Prelate of Pompei and Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, and served in those roles until his death in 1948. In the 1930s, as prelate he expanded the Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei to accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims, and increased its social outreach among the poor and orphans. He was the last Latin Patriarch of Constantinople: the titular see was suppressed in 1964 without a successor being appointed.

Rossi died on 29 March 1948, aged 83, and is entombed in the crypt of the Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei.

Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei
The Pontifical Shrine of the Blessed Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei (Italian: Pontificio Santuario della Beata Vergine del Santo Rosario di Pompei) is a Catholic cathedral, Marian pontifical shrine, and Pontifical minor basilica commissioned and co-founded by Bartolo Longo and his wife the Countess Mariana di Fusco, located in Pompei, Italy. It is the see of the Territorial Prelature of Pompei.
Duchy of Głogówek and Prudnik
The Duchy of Głogówek and Prudnik (Polish: Księstwo głogówecko-prudnickie; Czech: Hornohlohovsko-prudnické knížectví; German: Herzogtum Klein Glogau und Prudnik) was one of the duchies of Silesia ruled by the branch of Polish Piast dynasty, formed during the medieval fragmentation of Poland into provincial duchies. Its capital was Głogówek in Prudnik Land.

Strzeleczki
Strzeleczki [stʂɛˈlɛt͡ʂki] (additional name in German: Klein Strehlitz) is a town in the administrative district of Krapkowice County, within Opole Voivodeship, southern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Gmina Strzeleczki. It is situated in the historical region of Prudnik Land.

As of 31 December 2021, the town's population numbered 1,539 inhabitants. A significant portion of them belongs to the German minority in Poland.
The Dude (Devin the Dude album)
The Dude is the debut solo studio album by American rapper Devin the Dude. It was released on June 16, 1998, via Rap-A-Lot Records. The production was handled mostly by Michael "Domo" Poye, alongside several other record producers including Joe Bythewood, N.O. Joe, Mr. Lee and Tone Capone. It features guest appearances from K.B., K-Dee, Scarface, Odd Squad, DMG and Spice 1 among others. The title of the album was a reference to the song The Dude by Quincy Jones. The album peaked at number 177 on the Billboard 200 in the United States.

Rap-A-Lot Records
Rap-A-Lot is a hip hop record label co-founded by James Prince and Cliff Blodget in 1986. Smoke-a-Lot Records is a subsidiary.

Rap-A-Lot was first distributed by A&M Records with the release of Raheem's 1988 debut The Vigilante. The label was distributed through the 1990s by EMI's Priority Records (1991–1994), Noo Trybe Records (1994-1998), and Virgin Records (1998–2002). In the 2000s, it was distributed by Asylum Records and then Fontana Distribution.

On August 22, 2013, Rap-A-Lot announced a distribution deal with RED Distribution.
Louis-Jacques Casault
Louis-Jacques Casault (17 July 1808 – 5 May 1862) was a Canadian priest, academic, superior of the Séminaire de Québec, and rector of Université Laval.

Born in Saint-Thomas-de-Montmagny, Lower Canada, the son of Louis Casault and Françoise Blais, Casault studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec before being ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1831. In 1834, he started teaching at the Séminaire de Québec. He was assigned to teach physics which he taught until 1854. In 1851, he was appointed superior of the Séminaire de Québec. Casault helped to form the Université Laval and was its first rector from 1852 to 1860. He was succeeded by Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau.

Université Laval
Université Laval is a public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The university traces its roots to the Séminaire de Québec, founded by François de Montmorency-Laval in 1663, making it the oldest institution of higher education in Canada and the first North American institution to offer higher education in French. The university, which was founded in Old Québec, moved to a new campus in the 1950s in the suburban borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge. It is ranked among the top 10 Canadian universities in research funding and holds four Canada Excellence Research Chairs.
Cécile Gilly
Cécile Gilly (known on the stage as Cecile Roma, born approximately 1891) was a French mezzo-soprano and singing teacher. A well-known pedagogue in the 1920s and 1930s, she is known primarily as being the voice teacher of soprano Marjorie Lawrence.

Ganna Walska
Ganna Walska (born Hanna Puacz on June 26, 1887 – March 2, 1984) was a Polish opera singer and garden enthusiast who created the Lotusland botanical gardens at her mansion in Montecito, California. Ganna Walska was a coloratura soprano with a vocal range of approximately 2.5 octaves. Her voice was known for its flute-like timbre and a certain frailty, which she combined with the expressiveness of a violinist. She was married six times, four times to wealthy husbands. The lavish promotion of her lackluster opera career by her fourth husband, Harold Fowler McCormick, inspired aspects of the screenplay for Citizen Kane.
Pseudo-Bonaventure
Pseudo-Bonaventure (Latin: Pseudo-Bonaventura) is the name given to the authors of a number of medieval devotional works which were believed at the time to be the work of Bonaventure: "It would almost seem as if 'Bonaventura' came to be regarded as a convenient label for a certain type of text, rather than an assertion of authorship". Since it is clear a number of actual authors are involved, the term "Pseudo-Bonaventuran" is often used.  Many works now have other attributions of authorship which are generally accepted, but the most famous, the Meditations on the Life of Christ, remains usually described only as a work of  Pseudo-Bonaventure.

Meditations on the Life of Christ
The Meditations on the Life of Christ (Latin: Meditationes Vitae Christi or Meditationes De Vita Christi; Italian Meditazione della vita di Cristo) is a fourteenth-century devotional work, later translated into Middle English by Nicholas Love as The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ.
Kishangarh Village
Kishangarh is an Urban village. The Village is located near Vasant Kunj in South West Delhi district of Delhi, India, on the hills of Aravali, between Mehrauli and Vasant Kunj. One extreme of Kishangarh is around 4 km from Qutub Minar in historic Mehrauli area. The other extreme is approximately 7.5 km from the Indira Gandhi International Airport. Munirka is about 5 km, where the Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, connecting the main Vasant Kunj Marg with the Outer Ring Road forms its western boundary.

Kishangarh comes under South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC) Mehrauli (Ward Name), 068-S (Ward Number). and the Mehrauli and there is no panchayat system in the village

Chhatarpur metro station
Chhatarpur  is an elevated station on the Yellow Line of the Delhi Metro. It is located in the Chhatarpur locality of the South West district of Delhi, India.

The station was to be opened in June 2010, along with the other stations of the completely elevated corridor of the Yellow Line from Qutub Minar–HUDA City Centre. However, construction on the station was delayed due to land acquisition issues. To make the station operational before the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation adopted a special design to construct the Chhatarpur station, using pre-fabricated structures. The station was finally opened to public on 26 August 2010, being built in a record time of nine months. Chhatarpur  is the only station in the Delhi Metro network to be made completely of steel.
The Promised Land (1925 film)
The Promised Land (French: La terre promise) is a 1925 French silent film directed by Henry Roussel and starring Pierre Blanchar, Raquel Meller and André Roanne.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Dumesnil.

Henry Roussel
Henry Roussel (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi ʁusɛl]; 1875–1946), also known as Henry Roussell, was a French silent film actor, film director and screenwriter best known for his silent films of the 1910s and 1920s.

He starred in well over 40 films between 1912 and 1939.
Albro Lyons Sr.
Albro Lyons Sr. was a New Yorker of mixed heritage who advocated for educational opportunities and worked to free slaves. There is a double ambrotype of he and his wife, Mary. His daughter Maritcha Remond Lyons wrote a memoir about the family.

His boarding house for seamen was an important stop on the Underground Railroad. He was a member of the New York African Society for Mutual Relief.

His son Albro Lyons Jr. lived from 1854 until 1906.

Maritcha Remond Lyons
Maritcha Remond Lyons (May 23, 1848 – January 28, 1929) was an American educator, civic leader, suffragist, and public speaker in New York City and Brooklyn, New York. She taught in public schools in Brooklyn for 48 years, and was the second black woman to serve in their system as an assistant principal. In 1892, Lyons cofounded the Women's Loyal Union of New York and Brooklyn, one of the first women's rights and racial justice organizations in the United States. One of the accomplishments of the Women's Loyal Union was to help to fund the printing of an important antilynching pamphlet, Southern Horrors: Lynch Laws in All Its Phases by Ida B. Wells.
House of Ardenne–Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg (or Luxembourg), also known as the House of Ardenne–Luxembourg in order to distinguish it from later families, were a Lotharingian noble family known from the tenth and eleventh centuries. They are one of the three main branches of the House of Ardenne, along with the House of Ardenne–Verdun, and the House of Ardenne–Bar.

All these Ardennes families descended from Cunigunda of France, a granddaughter of the West Frankish king Louis the Stammerer, and her husband Wigeric of Lotharingia. The Luxembourg branch descend from their son Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes.

One continuing male-line branches of the House of Luxembourg include the House of Salm. The later House of Limburg, Dukes of Limbourg, whose descendants became Dukes of Luxembourg and a royal dynasty in Germany, descend from the House of Ardennes-Luxembourg through the daughter of Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine.

Children of Count Sigfried:

House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: D'Lëtzebuerger Haus; French: Maison de Luxembourg; German: Haus Luxemburg) or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as kings of Germany and Holy Roman emperors as well as kings of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia. Their rule was twice interrupted by the rival House of Wittelsbach. The family takes its name from its ancestral county of Luxembourg which they continued to hold.
Don Franklin
Don Franklin (born December 14, 1960) is an American actor, best known for his work in seaQuest DSV as Commander Jonathan Ford, Seven Days as Captain Craig Donovan, and Alex Wheeler in the Dick Wolf TV pilot and series Nasty Boys.

In 1989, Franklin became the first Black actor to co-star in a US television western, as Noah Dixon, one of The Young Riders.

The Young Riders
The Young Riders is an American Western television series created by Ed Spielman that presents a fictionalized account of a group of young Pony Express riders (some of whom are young versions of legendary figures in Old West history) based at the Sweetwater Station in the Nebraska Territory during the years leading up to the American Civil War. The series premiered on ABC on September 20, 1989 and ran for three seasons until the final episode aired on July 23, 1992.
Human Resource Machine
Human Resource Machine is a visual programming-based puzzle video game developed by Tomorrow Corporation. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X and Wii U in 2015, being additionally released for Linux in March 2016,  for iOS in June 2016, for Android in December 2016 and for the Nintendo Switch in March 2017. Human Resource Machine uses the concept of a corporate office worker assigned to perform tasks that involve moving objects between an inbox, an outbox, and to and from storage areas as a metaphor for assembly language concepts. The player works through some forty puzzles in constructing a program to complete a specific task.

A sequel, 7 Billion Humans, was released on August 23, 2018.

Visual programming language
In computing, a visual programming language (visual programming system, VPL, or, VPS), also known as diagrammatic programming, graphical programming or block coding, is a programming language that lets users create programs by manipulating program elements graphically rather than by specifying them textually. A VPL allows programming with visual expressions, spatial arrangements of text and graphic symbols, used either as elements of syntax or secondary notation. For example, many VPLs are based on the idea of "boxes and arrows", where boxes or other screen objects are treated as entities, connected by arrows, lines or arcs which represent relations. VPLs are generally the basis of low-code development platforms. Scratch is an example of a VPL.
Charlie McAvoy
Charles Patrick McAvoy Jr. (born December 21, 1997) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a defenseman and alternate captain for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 14th overall in the 2016 NHL entry draft.

4 Nations Face-Off
The 4 Nations Face-Off (French: Confrontation des 4 nations) was an international ice hockey tournament held from February 12 to 20, 2025. The games were played in Montreal at the Bell Centre and in Boston at TD Garden. Hosted by the National Hockey League (NHL) and featuring only NHL players, the 4 Nations Face-Off temporarily replaced the NHL's annual All-Star Game for 2025. In the tournament, teams representing Canada, Finland, Sweden, and the United States played each other in a round-robin format, followed by a one-game final between the two top-placed teams. Although each team's respective national ice hockey governing body selected the rosters, the tournament was an NHL-only event, not affiliated with the International Ice Hockey Federation.

Canada won the tournament after defeating the United States 3–2 in overtime of the final. Reactions to the tournament from sports journalists were positive and the tournament was viewed as a welcome change from the All-Star Game format.
Elbert Henry Gary
Elbert Henry Gary (October 8, 1846 – August 15, 1927) was an American lawyer, county judge and business executive. He was a founder of U.S. Steel in 1901 alongside J. P. Morgan, William H. Moore, Henry Clay Frick and Charles M. Schwab. The city of Gary, Indiana, a steel town, was named for him when it was founded in 1906.  Gary, West Virginia was also named after him. When trust busting President Theodore Roosevelt said that Gary was head of the steel trust, Gary considered it a compliment. The two men communicated in a nonconfrontational way, unlike Roosevelt's communications with leaders of other trusts.

Wheaton, Illinois
Wheaton is a city in and the county seat of DuPage County, Illinois, United States. It is located in Milton and Winfield Townships, approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of Chicago. As of the 2020 census, Wheaton's population was 53,970, making it the 27th-most populous municipality in the state.
Downs Township, McLean County, Illinois
Downs Township is located in McLean County, Illinois. At the 2010 census, its population was 1,266 and it contained 483 housing units. Downs Township was originally named Savanna Township, but it was changed on May 17, 1858.

McLean County, Illinois
McLean County is a U.S. county in the east central region of Illinois, and is the largest county by land area in the state. According to the 2020 Census, it had a population of 170,954. Its county seat is Bloomington. McLean County is included in the Bloomington–Normal, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical
The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

This award was introduced in 1979, along with the award for Best Actor in a Musical. In 1977 and 1978, there had been a commingled actor/actress award for Best Performance in a Musical, won both times by an actress.

Samantha Spiro
Samantha Spiro (born 20 June 1968) is an English actress and singer. She played Barbara Windsor in the stage play Cleo, Camping, Emmanuelle and Dick and the television films Cor, Blimey! and Babs, D.I. Vivien Friend in M.I.T.: Murder Investigation Team, Melessa Tarly in the HBO series Game of Thrones, and Maureen Groff in Sex Education. She has won two Laurence Olivier Awards.
FC Hertha Wels
FC Wels is an Austrian association football club from Wels that currently plays in the second-tier 2. Liga. The club founded in 2003 by the merger of the traditional clubs SK Eintracht Wels and FC Union Wels.

2. Liga (Austria)
The Second League (German: 2. Liga), commonly known as Admiral 2. Liga for sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest professional division in Austrian football.

The division currently contains 16 teams, and the champion of the league is promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga if it is not a reserve team. The three bottom teams are directly relegated from the Second League into the Regional leagues.
Arthur Roston Bourke
Arthur Roston Bourke was an association football referee in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was vice-president of the London Football Association until October 1900, and principal of Holloway College in London. He was involved in the founding of the first Referees' Association and was appointed as the organisation's first honorary secretary in 1893.

As well as officiating football games Bourke ran his own team, known as A. Roston Bourke's XI. Roston Bourke's XI were the first team to face Reading on their new Elm Park ground in 1896. He was initially suspended by the Football Association for playing this match as his team was not FA-registered, but the suspension was later overturned.

Arthur was the son of William Roston Bourke who was a member of the London School Board, representing Finsbury from 1882 to 1897, and headmaster of Holloway College.

Elm Park (stadium)
Elm Park was a football stadium in the West Reading district of Reading, Berkshire, England. The stadium was the home of Reading Football Club from 1896 to 1998, when the club moved to the new Madejski Stadium.
Palmatine
Palmatine is a protoberberine alkaloid found in several plants including Coptis chinensis (Rhizoma coptidis, chinese goldthread), Corydalis yanhusuo, Tinospora cordifolia (gurjo, heart-leaved moonseed), Tinospora sagittata, Phellodendron amurense (amur cork tree), and Stephania yunnanensis.

It is the major component of the protoberberine extract from Enantia chlorantha.

It has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of jaundice, dysentery, hypertension, inflammation, and liver-related diseases.  This compound also has weak in vitro activity against flavivirus.

Phellodendron amurense
Phellodendron amurense is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae, commonly called the Amur cork tree. It is a major source of huáng bò (Chinese: 黄柏 or 黄檗), one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. The Ainu people used its fruit, called "shikerebe-ni" (in Ainu, sikerpe), as a painkiller. It is known as hwangbyeok in Korean and (キハダ) kihada in Japanese.

It is native to eastern Asia: northern China, northeast China, Korea, Ussuri, Amur, and Japan, the Amur cork tree is considered invasive in many parts of North America. The State of Massachusetts lists it as a noxious weed.
Orivirran saarto
Orivirran saarto is a ruin of a 16th-century fortress located in Savonranta, Finland. It is believed to be built some time between 1540 and 1550 and was used until the beginning of the 17th century. Its status was to be an early warning for the St. Olaf's Castle which is still located 50 km to south. It has a four cornered layout with dimensions of 60 m by 20 m build from stones and an outer fortress around 65 m by 75 m. When operational it had 300 to 400 soldiers and 5 to 10 cannons.

In 1592 Russians and Cossacks destroyed the fortress. It did not survive after that and today there exists only some ruins of the fortress with a memorial stone (1965, H. Havas).

Savonranta
Savonranta is a former municipality of Finland. It became part of Savonlinna in early 2009.

It was located in the province of Eastern Finland and was part of the South Savo region. The municipality had a population of 1,155 (2009) and covered an area of 568.59 km² of which 182.55 km² was water. The population density was 3.3 inhabitants per km².

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Kolovesi National Park, home of the Saimaa Ringed Seals – one of the most endangered seals in the world, was located in Savonranta and its neighbouring municipalities Enonkoski and Heinävesi.