hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Korea Open – Doubles
Marie Bouzková and Bethanie Mattek-Sands defeated Luksika Kumkhum and Peangtarn Plipuech in the final, 6–2, 6–1 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 Korea Open.

Kristina Mladenovic and Yanina Wickmayer were the reigning champions, but did not participate this year.

Luksika Kumkhum
Luksika "Luk" Kumkhum (Thai: ลักษิกา คำขำ; RTGS: Laksika Khamkham; born 21 July 1993) is a Thai tennis player. She turned professional in 2011, and reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 66 on 19 November 2018. On 16 July 2018, she peaked at No. 86 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Chōraku-ji
Chōraku-ji (長楽寺) is a small Shingon sect Buddhist temple in Shimoda, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.  It is noteworthy in that it was the location of the signing of the Treaty of Shimoda in 1855, which officially established diplomatic relations between Bakumatsu Japan and the Russian Empire.

Shimoda, Shizuoka
Shimoda (下田市, Shimoda-shi) is a city and port located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 19,670 in 10,436 households, and a population density of 188 persons per square kilometre (490 persons/mi2). The total area of the city is 104.71 square kilometres (40.43 sq mi). In the 1850s, Japan was in political crisis over its increasing inability to maintain its national seclusion policy and the issue of what relations, if any, it should have with foreign powers. For a few years, Shimoda was central to this debate.
PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research
PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research is a teaching hospital and research institute located in Peelamedu, Coimbatore. It was established in 1985 as a part of PSG Group. It has NABH accreditation. PSG Hospitals, a 1400-bed, tertiary care hospital was recently awarded with JCI prime certification and has become the first hospital in TamilNadu to receive the accreditation. The hospital is affiliated to the PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and has been recognized as an institution that offers students with multiple facilities at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. PSG Institute of Paramedical Sciences and Nursing are associated with the institute.

Peelamedu
Peelamedu is a major commercial centre and residential locality in the Eastern part of the city of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, India. It is governed by Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation since 1981.  The growth of Peelamedu during the last decade can be cited due to the growth of the IT sector in Coimbatore. The rapid growth of Peelamedu as a commercial and residential hub could be attributed to its geographical advantage in terms of the connectivity to other parts of the city. It acts as an important hub connecting the rapidly growing business class Information Technology corridor. The Peelamedu area stretches from Nava India to the Coimbatore International Airport near SITRA, encompassing major educational institutions, hospitals, and Industries.
Barunga Range
The Barunga Range is a range of hills in the northern Mount Lofty Ranges starting near Clements Gap and Merriton in South Australia's Mid North. At the range's southern end it merges with Hummock Range at Barunga Gap, approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south west of Snowtown. The name 'Barunga' derives from an indigenous term meaning "gap in the range".

The Barunga and Hummock ranges are host to the Clements Gap and Snowtown wind farms.

Clements Gap, South Australia
Clements Gap is a locality in South Australia's Mid North. The name is a reference to the co-located pass through the north end of the Barunga Range. The Clements Gap pass in turn is thought to be named after a shepherd in the area prior to 1880, per research by local historian Rodney Cockburn.

The Clements Gap school was opened in 1880 by John Wauchope and closed in 1942.
Caransebeș
Caransebeș (Romanian pronunciation: [karanˈsebeʃ] ⓘ; German: Karansebesch; Hungarian: Karánsebes, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkɒraːnʃɛbɛʃ]) is a city in Caraș-Severin County, part of the Banat region in southwestern Romania. One village, Jupa (Hungarian: Zsuppa), is administered by the city.

The city is located at the confluence of the Timiș River with the Sebeș River, the latter flowing from the Țarcu Mountains. To the west, it is in direct contact with the Banat Hills. It is an important railroad node, being located approximately 40 km from the county seat, Reșița, 21 km from Oțelu Roșu, 70 km from Hațeg, and about 25 km from the Muntele Mic ski resort, in the Țarcu Mountains.

Krassó-Szörény County
Krassó-Szörény (Hungarian: Krassó-Szörény, Romanian: Caraș-Severin, Serbian: Karaš-Severin or Караш-Северин) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the historic Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now mostly located in south-western Romania, with one very small part which is located in Serbia. The capital of the county was Lugos (present-day Lugoj).
Hips, Hips, Hooray!
Hips, Hips, Hooray! is a 1934 American pre-Code slapstick comedy starring Bert Wheeler, Robert Woolsey, Ruth Etting, Thelma Todd and Dorothy Lee. During its initial theatrical run, it was preceded by the two-color Technicolor short Not Tonight, Josephine, directed by Edward F. Cline.

Wheeler & Woolsey
Wheeler & Woolsey were an American vaudeville comedy duo who performed together in comedy films from the late 1920s. The team comprised Bert Wheeler (1895–1968) of New Jersey and Robert Woolsey (1888–1938) of Illinois.
Aung San Oo
Aung San Oo (Burmese: အောင်ဆန်းဦး, born in 1943) is a Burmese American engineer who is the elder brother of politician and Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi; the two are the only surviving children of Burmese independence leader Aung San.

Burmese Americans
Burmese Americans (Burmese: မြန်မာဇာတိနွယ် အမေရိကန် [mjəmà zàtḭnwɛ̀ ʔəmèjḭkàɰ̃]) are Americans of full or partial Burmese ancestry, encompassing individuals of all ethnic backgrounds with ancestry in present-day Myanmar (or Burma), regardless of specific ethnicity. As a subgroup of Asian Americans, Burmese Americans have largely integrated into the broader Southeast Asian and South Asian American communities.

In 2021, the Burmese American population stood at 233,347. Indiana had both the largest Burmese community and highest percentage of Burmese of any state. Indianapolis, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, and Fort Wayne are home to the largest Burmese American populations. As of August 2023, the Burmese population stands at 322,000, according to the Burmese American Community Institute.
Interneuron
Interneurons (also called internuncial neurons,  association neurons, connector neurons, or intermediate neurons) are neurons that are not specifically motor neurons or sensory neurons.  Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system (CNS). They play vital roles in reflexes, neuronal oscillations, and neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain.

Interneurons can be further broken down into two groups: local interneurons and relay interneurons. Local interneurons have short axons and form circuits with nearby neurons to analyze small pieces of information. Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions. However, interneurons are generally considered to operate mainly within local brain areas. The interaction between interneurons allows the brain to perform complex functions such as learning and decision-making.

Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSCs).  This occurs in all species of animals except the porifera (sponges) and placozoans. Types of NSCs include neuroepithelial cells (NECs), radial glial cells (RGCs), basal progenitors (BPs), intermediate neuronal precursors (INPs), subventricular zone astrocytes, and subgranular zone radial astrocytes, among others.

Neurogenesis is most active during embryonic development and is responsible for producing all the various types of neurons of the organism, but it continues throughout adult life in a variety of organisms. Once born, neurons do not divide (see mitosis), and many will live the lifespan of the animal, except under extraordinary and usually pathogenic circumstances.
M73 motorway
The M73 is a motorway in Glasgow and North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is 7 miles (11 km) long and connects the M74 motorway with the M80 motorway, providing an eastern bypass for Glasgow. The short stretch between junctions 1 and 2 is part of unsigned international E-road network E05, where it continues along the M8 through Glasgow.  To the south, the M74 motorway is also part of the E05.

Gartcosh
Gartcosh (Scottish Gaelic: Gart Cois) is a village in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The village lies about 8 miles (13 kilometres) east of Glasgow, and about 1 mile (2 kilometres) northwest of the town of Coatbridge.

According to a 2012 estimate, the population of Gartcosh was 2,130 people. Expansion of the village including 300 homes in the Heathfield Park estate built by Redrow Homes and new developments by Oak NGate (Gartloch Avenue/Bishop Loch), Avant Homes (Johnston Loch) and Bellway Homes (Oakwood) have increased the population.
Arnold Walter
Arnold Maria Walter, OC (August 30, 1902 – October 6, 1973) was a Canadian musicologist, educator, composer and writer. He founded the Canadian Opera Company, and was Director of Music at University of Toronto.

Canadian Opera Company
The Canadian Opera Company (COC) is an opera company in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest opera company in Canada and one of the largest opera producers in North America. The COC performs at the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts, which was purpose-built for opera and ballet and is shared with the National Ballet of Canada.

The company was founded out of the University of Toronto's opera school in 1950 for commercial opera productions at the Royal Alexandra Theatre. In 1961, the company moved its home stage to the O'Keefe Centre (now known as Meridian Hall). In 2006, the company moved to the Four Seasons Centre.
1995 Speedway Under-21 World Championship
The 1995 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship was the 19th edition of the World motorcycle speedway Under-21 Championships.

The event was won by Jason Crump of Australia after winning a run-off against Daniel Andersson. In the run-off Andersson fell on the first lap, leaving Crump to complete three laps on his own to be crowned the champion. The success also gained him qualification to the 1996 Speedway Grand Prix.

Jason Crump
Jason Philip Crump (born 6 August 1975) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Australia (UK born). He is a three-time Speedway World Champion, and a World Cup winner.

In a 21-year career in Speedway, Crump finished with seven World Championship titles to his name (four individual, including the U/21 title, and three teams), making him one of the most successful Australian motorcycle racers of all time. He holds the all-time record for Grand Prix wins with 23.
Hobart Alter
Hobart "Hobie" Laidlaw Alter (October 31, 1933 – March 29, 2014) was an American surf and sailing entrepreneur and pioneer, creator of the Hobie Cat catamarans, and founder of the Hobie company. He created the Hobie 33 ultralight-displacement sailboat and a mass-produced radio-controlled glider, the Hobie Hawk.

Corky Carroll
Corky Carroll (born September 29, 1947)  is a professional American surfer and is considered a pioneer in the sport by becoming the first real professional surfer as well as being the first to make paid endorsements.
John Todd (businessman)
Sir John Desmond Todd KNZM (12 February 1927 – 29 July 2015) was a New Zealand businessman and philanthropist who was head of the Todd Corporation.

His was educated at Wellesley College of which he was dux in 1943 (at that time Wellesley College had a secondary department). He later completed a degree in accountancy and commerce at Victoria University of Wellington.

Todd was a Founding trustee of the Arts Foundation of New Zealand, and served as a trustee for the Royal New Zealand Ballet and the Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council.

In 2011, Todd was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame. He was made a Knight Companion of New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2012 New Year Honours, for services to business, having previously been appointed a Companion of New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2009 Queen's Birthday Honours.

2012 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 2012 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders, and to celebrate the passing of 2011 and the beginning of 2012. They were announced on 31 December 2011.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Lennard-Jones potential
In computational chemistry, molecular physics, and physical chemistry, the Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the LJ potential or 12-6 potential; named for John Lennard-Jones) is an intermolecular pair potential. Out of all the intermolecular potentials, the Lennard-Jones potential is probably the one that has been the most extensively studied. It is considered an archetype model for simple yet realistic intermolecular interactions. The Lennard-Jones potential is often used as a building block in molecular models (a.k.a. force fields) for more complex substances. Many studies of the idealized "Lennard-Jones substance" use the potential to understand the physical nature of matter.

Equation of state
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of pure substances and mixtures in liquids, gases, and solid states as well as the state of matter in the interior of stars. Though there are many equations of state, none accurately predicts properties of substances under all conditions. The quest for a universal equation of state has spanned three centuries.
Hospital Severo Ochoa (Madrid Metro)
Hospital Severo Ochoa [ospiˈtal seˈβeɾo oˈtʃoa] is a station on Line 12 of the Madrid Metro, serving the Severo Ochoa Hospital in Leganés, named for the scientist Severo Ochoa (1905–1993). It is located in fare Zone B1.

Severo Ochoa
Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (Spanish: [seˈβeɾo oˈtʃoa ðe alβoɾˈnoθ]; 24 September 1905 – 1 November 1993) was a Spanish physician and biochemist, and winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Arthur Kornberg for their discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)".
Ray Peterson (American football)
Ray Peterson (June 27, 1913 – June 14, 1999) was an American professional football player for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Peterson was born on June 27, 1913, in Fort Bragg, California, where he attended Fort Bragg High School. After high school, he attended the University of San Francisco where he played for the school's football team. In addition to his duties as a fullback, he was also the team's punter.

He played one season, as a tailback, with Green Bay in 1937. He appeared in two games, completing three passes for 47 yards. In October 1937, he was released by the Packers.

Fort Bragg, California
Fort Bragg is a city along the North Coast of California in Mendocino County. The city is 24 miles (39 km) west of Willits, at an elevation of 85 feet (26 m). Its population was 6,983 at the 2020 census.

Fort Bragg is a tourist destination because of its views of the Pacific Ocean. Among its points of interest are Glass Beach and the California Western Railroad (popularly known as the "Skunk Train").

A California Historical Landmark, Fort Bragg was founded in 1857 prior to the American Civil War as a military garrison rather than a fortification. It was named after army officer Braxton Bragg, who at the time had served the U.S. in the Mexican–American War (and would later serve in the Confederate Army during the Civil War). The city was incorporated in 1889.
Robert de Longvilliers
Robert de Longvilliers de Poincy (or Lonvilliers; 1611 – 1 April 1666) was the first commander of Trois-Rivières in New France from 1634 to 1636 (also called Laviolette at that time) and a French local governor of Saint Christophe and Saint Martin in the French Antilles.
His uncle, Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy, was commander of the French colonies in the Antilles from 1639 to 1651, then commander of the colonies of Saint Christophe, Saint Croix, Saint Barthélemy, and Saint Martin for the Knights of Malta. Longvilliers reestablished French control of the northern part of Saint Martin after the Spanish withdrew and the Dutch tried to take over the whole island.

Noël Patrocles de Thoisy
Noël Patrocles, seigneur de Thoisy (or Noel Patrocle; died 1671) was an early governor general of the French Antilles.
He was appointed by the infant king Louis XIV of France during the regency of Anne of Austria at a time when the colonies were owned by the Company of the American Islands.
His predecessor refused to recognise his appointment, forcefully prevented him from taking office on Saint Christopher Island, and eventually had him arrested and returned to France.
In the aftermath the discredited company sold the islands to their local governors and was dissolved.
Fort Myers Subdivision (Seaboard Air Line Railroad)
The Seaboard Air Line Railroad's Fort Myers Subdivision was a railroad line in Southwest Florida running from Hull (near Fort Ogden) south to Fort Myers and Naples.  It also included two branch lines that ran from Fort Myers: one east to LaBelle, and one southwest to Punta Rassa.  It began service in 1926 during the Florida land boom of the 1920s as part of an effort to expand the Seaboard Air Line's network further south in Florida.  The line declined in the 1940s and was completely abandoned by 1952.

Punta Rassa, Florida
Punta Rassa is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, Florida, United States. The population was 1,620 at the 2020 census, down from 1,750 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Mascoutah, Illinois
Mascoutah is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. The population was 8,754 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis. The city was named for the Mascoutens, a tribe of Algonquian-speaking Native Americans.

Metro East
The Metro East is an urban area in Southern Illinois, United States that contains the eastern and northern urban, suburban, and exurban areas on the Mississippi River in Greater St. Louis. It encompasses eight Illinois counties and constitutes the second-most populous metropolitan area in Illinois.

A historically significant region, the area included the mound building native culture of Cahokia, and the later French settlements of the Illinois Country.  It also includes the fertile lands of the riparian American Bottom. The region has almost 700,000 residents and its most populated city is Belleville, with 42,404 residents.  The area hosts several colleges and universities, with Southern Illinois University Edwardsville as the largest.  Also located in Metro East is the Scott Air Force Base.
Percivall Pott
Percivall Pott (6 January 1714, in London – 22 December 1788) was an English surgeon, one of the founders of orthopaedics, and the first scientist to demonstrate that cancer may be caused by an environmental carcinogen, namely chimney sweeps' carcinoma. Many diseases are his namesake including Pott's fracture, Pott's disease of the spine, and Pott's puffy tumour. It is believed that Pott's standard of living contributed to the rise of the surgeon within social standings.

Chimney sweep
A chimney sweep is a person who inspects then clears soot and creosote from chimneys. The chimney uses the pressure difference caused by a hot column of gas to create a draught and draw air over the hot coals or wood enabling continued combustion. Chimneys may be straight or contain many changes of direction. During normal operation, a layer of creosote builds up on the inside of the chimney, restricting the flow. The creosote can also catch fire, setting the chimney alight (and potentially the entire building). The chimney must be swept to remove the soot.

In Great Britain, master sweeps took apprentices, typically workhouse or orphan boys, and trained them to climb chimneys. In the German States, master sweeps belonged to trade guilds and did not use climbing boys. In Italy, Belgium, and France, climbing boys were used.

The occupation requires some dexterity and carries health risks.
Aaron Shirley
Aaron Shirley (January 3, 1933 – November 26, 2014) was an American physician, health care innovator, and civil rights activist.

Shirley was born in Gluckstadt, Mississippi. His first introduction to becoming a medical professional was through his sister who was a nurse who firmly planted the expectation that he should become a physician and contribute to the community. He was chairman of the board for the Jackson Medical Mall Foundation, and an associate professor in pediatrics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.

Gluckstadt, Mississippi
Gluckstadt is a city in Madison County, Mississippi, United States. It was a census-designated place and unincorporated community until the municipal incorporation of the City of Gluckstadt became effective in June 2021. As of the 2020 census, prior to incorporation, the Gluckstadt CDP had a population of 3,208. The city is located along Interstate 55 in south-central Madison County, between the cities of Madison and Canton. It is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sumpter, Texas
Sumpter is a former town in central Trinity County, Texas, United States. Burials in the cemetery date from 1840. It was laid out November 20, 1855 and incorporated in 1862. In 1872, the Sumpter courthouse and records were destroyed by fire.

Sumpter was the original county seat of Trinity County. After the 1872 fire, the town of Trinity was designated as the new county seat, and Sumpter was gradually abandoned.

Trinity County, Texas
Trinity County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 13,602. Its county seat is Groveton. The county is named for the Trinity River. Trinity County is included in the Huntsville, Texas micropolitan statistical area.
Percy Bennett
Percy Bennett (15 November 1869 – 5 May 1936) was an English-born international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Cardiff Harlequins and international rugby for Wales. He was the first player to represent his club in the Welsh team. At that time Cardiff Harlequins were one of the eight senior clubs in Welsh rugby.

Cardiff Harlequins RFC
Cardiff Harlequins RFC was a rugby union club located in the Welsh capital city of Cardiff. The team provided several international players during the late 19th century, most notably Gwyn Nicholls, who after leaving the club not only represented Wales but also played for the British Isles on their 1899 tour of Australia. The club disbanded in the 1890s.