hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pittsburgh in the American Civil War
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was a thriving and important city during the American Civil War, and provided a significant source of personnel, war materiel, armament, ammunition, and supplies to the Union Army. Situated at the confluence of the Monongahela, Allegheny and Ohio rivers, Pittsburgh was an important transportation hub for both riverine and rail transport, as well as overland via its system of roads.

Pittsburgh Stock Exchange
The Pittsburgh Stock Exchange was a large regional stock market located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from November 11, 1864 (originally as Thurston's Oil Exchange) until closing on August 23, 1974.  It was alternatively named the Pittsburgh Coal Exchange starting on May 27, 1870, and the Pittsburgh Oil Exchange on July 21, 1878 with 180 members. On July 25, 1896 the Exchange formally took the name Pittsburgh Stock Exchange though it had been referred to by that name since the spring of 1894. The Exchange, like many modern day exchanges, was forced to close during sharp economic crashes or crises. On December 24, 1969 The Philadelphia-Baltimore-Washington Stock Exchange bought the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange. At its height the exchange traded over 1,200 companies, but by the last trading day in 1974 only Pittsburgh Brewing Company, Williams & Company and Westinghouse remained listed.
1940 NCAA track and field championships
The 1940 NCAA Track and Field Championships was the 19th NCAA track and field championship.  The event was held at the University of Minnesota's Memorial Stadium in June 1940.  The University of Southern California won its sixth consecutive team title.

The meet took place during a two-day downpour that flooded the stadium and forced the field events to be moved indoors at the Minnesota field house.

Billy Brown (athlete)
William Tennant Brown (August 3, 1918 – December 29, 2002) was an American triple jumper, long jumper and sprinter. Between 1936 and 1943 he won six national outdoor championship titles in the triple jump and three in the long jump. He was the long jump world leader in 1941 and held the American record in the triple jump from 1941 to 1956. He competed in the triple jump at the 1936 Summer Olympics, placing 17th.
Honey Chile
"Honey Chile" is a 1967 single by Martha Reeves and the Vandellas on the Gordy label, a subsidiary of Motown Records. Written by Richard Morris and Sylvia Moy, and produced by Morris, this was the first single to bill the group's name as Martha Reeves and the Vandellas as opposed to Martha and the Vandellas.

"Honey Chile" rose to number eleven on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and number five on the US Billboard R&B singles chart.

Lois Reeves
Sandra Delores Reeves (born April 12, 1948), better known as Lois Reeves, is an American singer, most notable for being the younger sister of Motown legend  Martha Reeves, for having replaced popular Martha and the Vandellas member Betty Kelly as member of her sister's group in 1967, and for later singing background for records by Al Green in the 1970s as a member of the backing group Quiet Elegance. Lois' nickname was "Pee Wee" as she is only 5'1" tall.
Ministry for Primary Industries
The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI; Māori: Manatū Ahu Matua) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with overseeing, managing and regulating the farming, fishing, food, animal welfare, biosecurity, and forestry sectors of New Zealand's primary industries.

Animal welfare in New Zealand
Animal welfare in New Zealand is governed by the Animal Welfare Act 1999 and a number of organisations actively advocate for both animal welfare and animal rights. Pest control and farming practices have been scrutinised with respect to animal welfare issues. The legality of killing dogs and cats for consumption has also been criticised.
Belabbes Benkredda
Belabbes Benkredda is an Algerian-German social innovator, writer, television commentator, and government consultant who specializes in public diplomacy.  He is the founder of The Munathara Initiative, an Arab online and television debate forum that promotes the voices of youth, women and marginalized communities in the Arab public.  He was a recipient of the 2013 Democracy Award of the National Democratic Institute, and is a Fellow of the Salzburg Global Seminar. In 2016 he was named a World Fellow by Yale University.

The Munathara Initiative
The Munathara Initiative is a non-profit debate initiative based in Tunis, Tunisia and Washington, D.C., aimed at promoting debate and free speech for youth, women, and marginalized communities in the Arabic-speaking world.  Munathara organizes both online and live panel debates in cities across the Middle East and North Africa.
Bradford Playhouse
The Bradford Playhouse is a 266-seat proscenium arch theatre with circle and stall seating based in Little Germany, in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Formerly known as The Priestley, the theatre also has a studio space that has flexible lighting, sound and seating arrangements.

Little Germany, Bradford
Little Germany is an area of particular historical and architectural interest in central Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The architecture is predominantly neoclassical in style with an Italian influence. Many individual buildings are listed, and Little Germany is also protected as a Conservation Area.
Tarzan: The Lost Adventure
Tarzan: The Lost Adventure is a novel credited to Edgar Rice Burroughs and American writer Joe R. Lansdale, based on an incomplete fragment of a Tarzan novel, written by Burroughs, which had been left unfinished at his death.  The book was serialized in four parts by Dark Horse Comics, before being published as a single volume in 1995.

Tarzan
Tarzan (John Clayton, Viscount Greystoke) is a fictional character, a feral child raised in the Congo Basin by the Mangani great apes; he later experiences civilization, only to reject it and return to the wild as a heroic adventurer.

Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan first appeared in the novel Tarzan of the Apes (magazine publication 1912, book publication 1914), and subsequently in 23 sequels, several books by Burroughs and other authors, and innumerable works in other media, both authorized and unauthorized.
Dave Joyal
Dave Joyal is an American musician and former member of Shai Hulud.  Born in Vermont, he grew up in Essex devoting himself to drums at an early age. He uses and endorses Noble & Cooley Drums, Paiste Cymbals, Evans Drumheads and Pro-Mark Drumsticks. He has filled in on occasion for RCA recording artists, Young And Divine in 2010 and The Static Age in 2009. Dave Joyal is also a member of both post-hardcore band Silent Drive and metalcore band Drowningman.

Drowningman
Drowningman is an American metalcore/hardcore band from Burlington, Vermont that was active from 1995 to 2005. Formed in the fall of 1995 by Simon Brody, Denny Donovan, Javin Leonard, Dave Barnett and Todd Tomlinson, the band was heavily influenced by a variety of bands including Promise Ring, Sunny Day Real Estate, Deadguy, Unbroken, Shotmaker, Unwound, and This musical amalgamation influenced the modern metalcore and mathcore musical subgenres.
Brett Gelman
Brett Gelman (born October 6, 1976) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Murray Bauman in Netflix's horror-supernatural series Stranger Things and as Martin in the BBC comedy Fleabag.

Gelman began his career as a comedian in the 2000s, gaining notability the following decade for his involvement in numerous Adult Swim shows, notably Eagleheart and comedy specials in 2014 and 2015. During this time, he also was part of the main casts of the NBC sitcom Go On, the Comedy Central series Another Period, and the FX comedy series Married.

Gelman became prominent in the late 2010s for his supporting roles in Fleabag and Stranger Things, in addition to those on Camping and Mr. Mercedes. As a voice actor, he has contributed to television series Jeff & Some Aliens and TripTank on Comedy Central and, more recently, I Heart Arlo and Inside Job on Netflix, among others. He starred in the Apple TV+ drama series Lady in the Lake.

I Heart Arlo
I Heart Arlo (stylized as I ♥ Arlo) is an American children's animated adventure comedy musical television series created by Ryan Crego for Netflix. A follow-up to the 2021 film Arlo the Alligator Boy, the series premiered on August 27, 2021.
Hasty Pudding Theatricals
Hasty Pudding Theatricals is a student theatrical society at Harvard University known for its annual burlesque crossdressing musicals as well as its Man and Woman of the Year awards. The Pudding is the oldest theatrical organization in the United States and the third oldest in the world. Its annual production is a musical comedy that often touches on topical social and political issues.

Owen Wister
Owen Wister (July 14, 1860 – July 21, 1938) was an American writer. His novel The Virginian, published in 1902, helped create the cowboy as a folk hero in the United States and built Wister's reputation as the "father of Western fiction." He was posthumously inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum and the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame. The Western Writers of America  renamed the Saddleman Award for best book of the year to the Owen Wister Award, and Mount Wister in Wyoming was named in his honor.
Mona Rico
Mona Rico (born Enriqueta de Valenzuela;
July 15, 1907 — July 15, 1994) was a Mexico-born American actress. Her films include Eternal Love (1929), Shanghai Lady (1929), A Devil With Women (1930), and Zorro Rides Again (1937).

Zorro Rides Again
Zorro Rides Again (1937) is a 12-chapter Republic Pictures film serial. It was the eighth of the sixty-six Republic serials, the third with a Western theme (a third of Republic's serials were westerns) and the last produced in 1937. The serial was directed by William Witney & John English in their first collaboration. The serial starred John Carroll who also sang the title song as a modern descendant of the original Zorro with Carroll stunt doubled by Yakima Canutt. The plot is a fairly standard western storyline about a villain attempting to illicitly take valuable land (in this case a new railroad). The setting is a hybrid of modern (1930s) and western elements that was used occasionally in B-Westerns (such as the western feature films also produced by Republic). It was also the first in a series of five Zorro serials, followed by Zorro's Fighting Legion (1939), Zorro's Black Whip (1944), Son of Zorro (1947) and Ghost of Zorro (1949).
Tulasi Vivaha
Tulasi Vivaha (Sanskrit: तुलसी विवाह, romanized: romanized: Tulasī Vivāha, Gujarati: તુલસી વિવાહ, Kannada: ತುಳಸಿ ಮದುವೆ, romanized: Tulasi Maduve, Telugu: తులసి కళ్యాణం, romanized: Tulasi Kaḷyāṇaṁ, Malayalam: തുളസി കല്യാണം, romanized: Tuḷasi kalyaṇam, Tamil: துளசி கல்யாணம், romanized: Tulasi Kaḷyaṇam, lit. 'Wedding of Tulasi', Marathi: तुळशीचं लग्न, romanized: Tuḷśīca lagna, lit. 'Wedding of Tulasi'), also called Tulasi Kalyanam, is a Hindu ritual, in which a symbolic ceremonial wedding takes place between a tulasi plant or holy basil (the personification  of Lakshmi) and a shaligrama or an amla branch (the personifications of Vishnu). Tulasi Vivaha signifies the end of the monsoon, and the beginning of the wedding season in Hinduism.

The ceremonial wedding is performed anytime between Prabodhini Ekadashi (the eleventh or twelfth lunar day of the bright fortnight of the Hindu month of Kartika) and Kartika Purnima (the full moon of the month). The day varies regionally.

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly known as tulasi, tulsi, or holy basil, is an aromatic perennial plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is widely cultivated throughout the Southeast Asian tropics. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. This plant has  escaped from cultivation and has naturalized in many tropical regions of the Americas. It is an agricultural and environmental weed.

Tulasi is cultivated for religious and traditional medicine purposes, and also for its essential oil. It is widely used as an herbal tea, commonly used in Ayurveda. It has a place within the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism, in which devotees perform worship involving the plant or its leaves.
Inclination (novella)
"Inclination" is a science fiction novella by American writer William Shunn.  It appeared in the April/May 2006 issue of Asimov's Science Fiction.  It was nominated for both the Hugo and Nebula awards in 2007.

The story concerns a young stevedore named Jude who lives on a giant space station in the far future. Jude belongs to a small religious sect that eschews advanced technology, a belief that comes into conflict with practicality when advancement at work depends on biomodifications.

"Inclination" is part of Shunn's "Netherview Station" story series, which also includes "The Practical Ramifications of Interstellar Packet Loss" and "Dance of the Yellow-Breasted Luddites."

The text is available online at Asimov's.

William Shunn
William Shunn (born August 14, 1967) is an American science fiction writer and computer programmer. He was raised in a Latter-day Saint household, the oldest of eight children. In 1986, he served a mission to Canada for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, but was arrested for making a false bomb threat, for the purpose of preventing his fellow missionary from returning home.
Cray XE6
The Cray XE6 (codename during development: Baker) made by Cray is an enhanced version of the Cray XT6 supercomputer, officially announced on 25 May 2010. The XE6 uses the same computer blade found in the XT6, with eight- or 12-core Opteron 6100 processors giving up to 3,072 cores per cabinet, but replaces the SeaStar2+ interconnect router used in the Cray XT5 and XT6 with the faster and more scalable Gemini router ASIC. This is used to provide a 3-dimensional torus network topology between nodes. Each XE6 node has two processor sockets and either 32 or 64 GB of DDR3 SDRAM memory. Two nodes share one Gemini router ASIC.

The XE6 runs the Cray Linux Environment version 3. This incorporates SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and Cray's Compute Node Linux.

Cray
Cray Inc., a subsidiary of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, is an American supercomputer manufacturer headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It also manufactures systems for data storage and analytics. As of June 2025, Cray supercomputer systems held the top three spots in the TOP500, which ranks the most powerful supercomputers in the world.

In 1972, the company was founded by computer designer Seymour Cray as Cray Research, Inc., and it continues to manufacture parts in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, where Cray was born and raised. After being acquired by Silicon Graphics in 1996, the modern company was formed after being purchased in 2000 by Tera Computer Company, which adopted the name Cray Inc. In 2019, the company was acquired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise for $1.3 billion.
Palazzo dei Notai
Palazzo dei Notai is a historic building in Bologna, Italy. It faces Piazza Maggiore, between the basilica di San Petronio and palazzo d'Accursio. It was built in 1381 by the city's notaries guild as their seat, under design by Berto Cavalletto and Lorenzo da Bagnomarino.

Another section facing Palazzo d'Accursio was remade by Bartolomeo Fioravanti around 1437. It was again restored in 1908 by Alfonso Rubbiani.

It consists of a brick rectangular building, crenellated on the top, with ground story awnings.

The interior has 15th-century frescoes.

Piazza Maggiore
Piazza Maggiore (Piâza Mażåur in the Bolognese language) is a central square in Bologna, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy, a hub within the city since medieval times. The Northwest corner opens into Piazza del Nettuno with its Fontana del Nettuno, while the Northeast corner opens into the narrower Piazza Re Enzo, running along the flanks of the Palazzo Re Enzo that merges with the Palazzo del Podestà. Flanking the Piazza del Nettuno is the Biblioteca Salaborsa.
Korean tea
Korean tea is a group of beverages consisting of boiled water infused with leaves (such as the tea plant Camellia sinensis), roots, flowers, fruits, grains, edible mushrooms, or seaweed. It may or may not contain tea leaves.

Jesa
Jesa (Korean: 제사, Korean pronunciation: [tɕe.sa]) is a ceremony commonly practiced in Korea. Jesa functions as a memorial to the ancestors of the participants. Jesa are usually held on the anniversary of the ancestor's death. The majority of Catholics, Buddhists and nonbelievers practice ancestral rites, although Protestants do not.

Since their origins, Jesa has taken on a certain formality as human civilization has developed, which is sometimes called rituals in Confucianism.

The Catholic ban on ancestral rituals was lifted in 1939, when Pope Pius XII formally recognized ancestral rites as a civil practice (see also Chinese Rites controversy).  Many Korean Protestants no longer practice this rite and avoid it both locally and overseas.
Allen Saunders
Allen Saunders (April 24, 1899 – January 28, 1986) was an American writer, journalist and cartoonist who wrote the comic strips Steve Roper and Mike Nomad, Mary Worth and Kerry Drake.

He is credited with being the originator of the saying, "Life is what happens to us while we are making other plans" in 1957. The saying was later slightly modified and popularised by John Lennon in the song "Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)".

His full name, John Allen Saunders, sometimes led to confusion with his son John (John Phillip Saunders, 1924–2003), who later continued two of his father's strips.

Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)
"Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)" is a song written and performed by John Lennon. It was released on the 1980 album Double Fantasy, the last album by Lennon and Ono released before his murder.

Paul McCartney has stated that this is one of his favourite songs composed by Lennon, and when McCartney appeared on Desert Island Discs in 1982, he included it as his favourite in his selection, as did Yoko Ono as the only John Lennon song in 2007.

The song was originally released as the B-side of the third and final single from Double Fantasy, "Watching the Wheels", in March 1981, on its US reissue. Subsequently, it was used as the B-side of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" to promote the compilation album The John Lennon Collection in November 1982.
Kyoto 2nd district (1947–1993)
Kyōto 2nd district was a multi-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. Between 1947 and 1993 it elected five Representatives by single non-transferable vote. It was located in Kyōto and, as of 1993, consisted of Kyōto city's Ukyō, Fushimi and Nishikyō wards and all other cities, towns and villages in the prefecture.

Representatives for Kyōto 2nd district included Democratic Party president and prime minister Hitoshi Ashida, LDP faction leader, secretary general and justice minister Shigesaburō Maeo, education minister Sen'ichi Tanigaki and his son Sadakazu and home affairs minister Hiromu Nonaka. Since Kyoto was thea stronghold of the Communist Party, Kyoto's two electoral districts were among the few districts in the country where the JCP ever nominated more than one candidate – in its last such attempt in the 2nd district in the 1983 general election, both Communist candidates lost due to vote splitting.

Hiromu Nonaka
Hiromu Nonaka (野中 廣務, Nonaka Hiromu; 20 October 1925 – 26 January 2018) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Nonaka served as a local politician in Kyoto Prefecture from 1951 to 1978 and in the House of Representatives from 1983 to 2003, becoming one of its most prominent members in the 1990s. Nonaka served as Minister of Home Affairs and Head of the National Public Safety Commission from 1994 to 1995, as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1998 to 1999, and as Head of the Okinawa Development Agency in 1999. Nonaka was widely  considered as a voice of reason within the Liberal Democratic Party and viewed by some as the most powerful person in Japan during the mid-to-late 1990s.
Ramani Gabharu
Ramani Gabharu (c.1656  – c.1684) was a princess of Ahom Kingdom and the first wife of titular Mughal emperor Muhammad Azam Shah. She was sent to the Mughal Emperor as part of the Treaty of Ghilajharighat at the age of seven and was renamed Rahmat Banu Begum after she married Muhammad Azam Shah.

She was the daughter of Chaopha Sutamla, king of Ahom kingdom and his wife Pakhori Gabharu, the daughter of Momai Tamuli Borbarua. She was the niece of Lachit Borphukan and Laluksola Borphukan. She famously resisted Laluksola Borphukan's plan to hand over Guwahati to her husband.

Treaty of Ghilajharighat
The Treaty of Ghilajharighat, Tipam,  was signed between the Ahoms and the Mughal forces led by Mir Jumla II on 23 January 1663. The treaty was signed at the end of Mir Jumla's invasion of Assam of 1662–1663. Though the signing of the treaty led to Mir Jumla and his army's retreat from the Ahom territories, the treaty terms were only partially fulfilled; the Ahoms felt humiliated by the tributary status that the treaty sought to impose on them and they followed it with wins in the Battle of Saraighat (1671) and Battle of Itakhuli (1682) that saw the Mughals interests pushed out of the Brahmaputra valley for ever.
Libby Hart
Libby Hart (born 1971 in Melbourne) is a poet from Victoria, Australia. She was awarded the 2003 D. J. O'Hearn Memorial Fellowship and its artist-in-residence appointment from the Australian Centre at the University of Melbourne.

Her suite of poems, "Fresh News from the Arctic" won the Somerset National Poetry Prize in 2005. Her first collection of poetry, also called "Fresh News from the Arctic," was published in 2006 by Interactive Press and received the Anne Elder Award as part of the 2006 FAW National Literary Awards. Her collection "Wild" was shortlisted for the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry, New South Wales Premier's Awards in 2015, while Burn was shortlisted for the same prize in 2024.

Hart's writings and poetry have appeared widely in literary magazines, electronic publications and newspapers in Australia and elsewhere, including Eureka Street and Meanjin. Hart's work has featured on the (Australian) Radio National's PoeticA programme.

Anne Elder Award
The Anne Elder Trust Fund Award for poetry was administered by the Victorian branch of the Fellowship of Australian Writers from its establishment in 1976 until 2017. From 2018 the award has been administered by Australian Poetry. It is awarded annually, as the Anne Elder Award, for the best first book of poetry published in Australia. It was established in 1976 and currently has a prize of A$1000 for the winner. The award is named after Australian poet Anne Elder (1918–1976).
Syngonium
Syngonium /sɪŋˈɡoʊniəm/ is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to tropical rainforests in southern Mexico, the West Indies, and Central and South America. They are vines growing to heights of 10–20 m or more in trees. Their leaves change shape according to the plant's stage of growth; adult leaf forms are often much more lobed than the juvenile forms usually seen on small house plants. The scientific name of the genus comes from the Greek words σύν (syn - plus, z) and γονή (gone - gonada) and refers to the fused ovaries of female flowers.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.