hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castellina in Chianti
Castellina in Chianti is a comune (municipality) of c. 2,800 inhabitants in the province of Siena, in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Florence and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Siena. It is part of the Chianti Hills, between the valleys of the Arbia, Pesa and Elsa rivers.

The territory of Castellina in Chianti borders the following municipalities: Barberino Val d'Elsa, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Greve in Chianti, Monteriggioni, Poggibonsi, Radda in Chianti, Tavarnelle Val di Pesa.

Arbia (river)
The Arbia is a torrent in Tuscany, central Italy, a tributary of the river Ombrone. Its source is located in the comune of Castellina in Chianti, at 620 m above sea level. It flows into the Ombrone near Buonconvento.

The river is mentioned by Dante in his Divine Comedy, its waters becoming "stained red" (Inferno, Canto X, verse 86) in the wake of the Battle of Montaperti between Florence and Siena. Localities taking their names from Arbia include the comune of Monteroni d'Arbia and the frazioni of Arbia, Isola d'Arbia, Lucignano d'Arbia, Ponte d'Arbia, Taverne d'Arbia and Vico d'Arbia.
East Kent Railway
The East Kent Railway (EKR) was an early railway operating between Strood and Faversham in Kent, England, during 1858 and 1859. In the latter year it changed its name to the London, Chatham and Dover Railway to reflect its ambitions to build a rival line from London to Dover via Chatham and Canterbury. The line as far as Canterbury was opened in 1860 and the extension to Dover Priory on 22 July 1861. The route to London Victoria station via the Mid-Kent line and the West End of London and Crystal Palace Railway opened on 1 November 1861.

Faversham railway station
Faversham railway station is on the Chatham Main Line in England, serving the town of Faversham, Kent. It is 51 miles 77 chains (83.6 km) down the line from London Victoria. The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern.
Peter J. Taylor
Peter James Taylor FBA FAcSS (born 21 November 1944) is an English geographer. Born in Calverton in Nottinghamshire, he was Professor of Political Geography at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne between 1970 and 1996, before joining Loughborough University as Professor of Geography

He is the co-founding editor of the journal Political Geography, and is the founder and director of the Globalization and World Cities Research Network and is the author of over 300 publications, of which over 60 have been translated into other languages. In September 2010, he became a Professor of Geography at Northumbria University.

In 2004, Taylor was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy.

Globalization and World Cities Research Network
The Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) is a British think tank that studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization. It is based in the geography department of Loughborough University in Leicestershire, United Kingdom. GaWC was founded by Peter J. Taylor in 1998. Together with Jon Beaverstock and Richard G. Smith, they create the GaWC's biennial categorization of world cities into "Alpha", "Beta" and "Gamma" tiers.  The three tiers are further divided into subgroupings using plus and minus signs. The categorization is based upon the author's views of "international connectedness", primarily shown through a region's advanced services firms, such as in accountancy, finance and law.
Heros of Arles
Heros was Bishop of Arles from 408 to 412. He was installed as bishop by the usurper Constantine III, and was deposed by Constantius III.

Prosper of Aquitaine describes him in his Chronicle as "vir sanctus, et beati Martini discipulus". He was installed as bishop in the face of local opposition. Heros lost his see in the reprisals which followed the defeat and execution of Constantine III, and was replaced by Patroclus of Arles.

Along with Lazarus, who had also been deposed as bishop of Aix-en-Provence by Constantius, he went into exile in Palestine. In 415 both Heros and Lazarus wrote a letter to the Council of Diospolis condemning Pelagianism; they wrote a second letter together to the Council of Carthage (416).

Archdiocese of Arles
The former French Catholic Archbishopric of Arles had its episcopal seat in the city of Arles, in southern France. At the apex of the delta (Camargue) of the Rhone River, some 40 miles from the sea, Arles grew under Liburnian, Celtic, and Punic influences, until, in 46 B.C., a Roman military veteran colony was founded there by Tiberius Claudius Nero, under instructions from Julius Caesar. For centuries, the archbishops of Arles were regional leaders in creating and codifying canon law, through councils and synods.

The diocese was suppressed in 1822, fulfilling a condition in the Concordat of 1817 with King Louis XVIII.
Cooking Under Fire
Cooking Under Fire is a documentary-style series featuring 12 contestants in a traveling cooking competition in four cities in the United States. Judges were Ming Tsai, Michael Ruhlman and Todd English. The show was produced through WGBH.

The winner, Katie Hagan-Whelchel, was given a chef position at one of Todd English's New York City restaurants. The show aired for one season.

Michael Ruhlman
Michael Carl Ruhlman (born July 28, 1963) is an American author, home cook and entrepreneur.

He has written or co-authored more than two dozen books, including non-fiction, fiction, memoir, and books on cooking. He has co-authored many books with American chefs, such as Thomas Keller, Eric Ripert, Michael Symon and Jean-Georges Vongerichten.
Saturn Outhouse
Saturn Outhouse is an EP by the San Diego, California post-hardcore band Pitchfork, released in 1989 by Nemesis Records.

It is the band's only EP and is currently out of print. All 3 tracks were included on the 2003 CD re-release of the band's album Eucalyptus, on Swami Records.

Pitchfork (band)
Pitchfork was an American post-hardcore band formed in 1986 in San Diego, California, and disbanded in 1990. They are most well known as the first "real" band (after high school effort Conservative Itch/Coitus Interruptus) of guitarist John Reis, who would later gain fame as the frontman in Rocket from the Crypt, and as the first collaboration between Reis and singer Rick Froberg (the two would later form Drive Like Jehu and Hot Snakes). As an aspiring visual artist and illustrator, Froberg provided most of the band's artwork while Reis developed his studio skills by acting as producer on their records.
Cezary Pazura
Cezary Andrzej Pazura (Polish: [t͡sɛˈzarɘ ˈandʐɛj paˈzura]; born 13 June 1962 in Tomaszów Mazowiecki) is a Polish actor known for his comedy roles in movies such as Kiler, Chłopaki nie płaczą, Kariera Nikosia Dyzmy and the sitcom 13 posterunek. In addition to his work as a movie actor, Pazura is also a stand-up comedian and a voice actor. He provided voice for movies dubbed in Polish including Lady and the Tramp (as the Tramp), Ice Age (as Sid), Astérix & Obélix: Mission Cléopâtre (as Numérobis), Inside Out 1 and 2 (as Fear) Shark Tale (as Oscar) and for Pink Panther in various computer games. His brother Radosław Pazura is also an actor.

Boys Don't Cry (2000 film)
Boys Don't Cry (Polish: Chłopaki nie płaczą) is a Polish movie directed by Olaf Lubaszenko. It was shot between June 9, 1999 and July 14, 1999 on location in Warsaw and Jelenia Góra. The film premiered on February 25, 2000, and has received a cult following over the years.
Open Christmas Letter
The Open Christmas Letter was a public message for peace addressed "To the Women of Germany and Austria", signed by a group of 101 British suffragists at the end of 1914 as the first Christmas of the First World War approached. The Open Christmas Letter was written in acknowledgment of the mounting horror of modern war and as a direct response to letters written to American feminist Carrie Chapman Catt, the president of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA), by a small group of German women's rights activists. Published in January 1915 in Jus Suffragii, the journal of the IWSA, the Open Christmas Letter was answered two months later by a group of 155 prominent German and Austrian women who were pacifists. The exchange of letters between women of nations at war helped promote the aims of peace, and helped prevent the fracturing of the unity which lay in the common goal they shared, suffrage for women.

Helen Bright Clark
Helen Bright Clark (1840–1927) was a British women's rights activist and suffragist. The daughter of a radical Member of Parliament, Clark was a prominent speaker for women's voting rights and at times a political realist who served as a mainstay of the 19th century suffrage movement in South West England. A liberal in all senses, Clark aided progress toward universal human brotherhood through her activities in organisations which assisted former slaves and aboriginal peoples.
New Ideas from Dead Economists
New Ideas from Dead Economists, written by Todd G. Buchholz, is an introduction to the history and development of modern economic thought, originally published in 1989. Since its original publication, there have been two revisions, the most recent of which was published in 2021. In the foreword, Martin Feldstein writes:

In this book, Todd Buchholz provides a intelligible introduction to the key ideas of economics through the study of the great economists who have shaped the discipline. Instead of the formal models and complex diagrams that are the focus of standard economics textbooks, Buchholz provides clear, nontechnical explanations and timely examples.

Todd G. Buchholz
Todd G. Buchholz (born 1961) is an American economist, author, inventor, and business consultant. He served as Director of Economic Policy under George H. W. Bush and as managing director of Tiger Management. Buchholz regularly contributes commentaries on political economy, financial markets, business and culture to media outlets such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post, as well as major television networks.
1954 New Zealand general election
The 1954 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 31st term. It saw the governing National Party remain in office, but with a slightly reduced majority. It also saw the debut of the new Social Credit Party, which won more than eleven percent of the vote but failed to win a seat.

Onslow (electorate)
Onslow was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1946 to 1963, and then again from 1993 to 1996 in the Wellington area. It was represented by three Members of Parliament throughout the years it existed.
Dum (2016 film)
Dum is a 2016 Indian Malayalam-language film, written and directed by Anuram. The film stars Shine Tom Chacko, Lal, Joju George, Shritha Sivadas, Parvathi T, and Sreejith Ravi. Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi were the major locations of the film. The film released on 26 August 2016.

Shine Tom Chacko
Shine Tom Chacko (born 15 September 1983) is an Indian actor and former assistant director who works in Malayalam cinema along with a few Telugu and Tamil films. After working as an assistant to director Kamal for about 9 years, he forayed into acting through the film, Gaddama. He played supporting roles in several films including Ee Adutha Kaalathu, Chapters, Annayum Rasoolum, Masala Republic, and Jigarthanda DoubleX and played his first lead role in Binu S Kalady's fantasy-comedy film Ithihasa (2014) which dealt with body-swapping.
Ekati Diamond Mine
The Ekati Diamond Mine, often simply called Ekati, is Canada's first surface and underground diamond mine and is owned by Burgundy Diamond Mines. It is located 310 km (190 mi) north-east of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, and about 200 km (120 mi) south of the Arctic Circle, near Lac de Gras. Until 2014, Ekati was a joint venture between Dominion Diamond Mines (80%), Chuck Fipke, and Stewart Blusson, the two geologists who discovered kimberlite pipes north of Lac de Gras. Fipke and Blusson each held 10% stake in the mine, until Fipke sold his share to Dominion. In 2021, Arctic Canadian Diamond Company Ltd. acquired the Ekati Diamond Mine with associated assets and liabilities from Dominion Diamond Mines. In July 2023, Burgundy Diamond Mines purchased full control of Arctic Canadian Diamond Company.

Charles E. Fipke
Charles Edgar "Chuck" Fipke CM (born 1946) is a Canadian geologist and prospector who discovered the existence of diamonds around Lac de Gras in Canada's Northwest Territories. He is now a multimillionaire involved in geological explorations around the world. Fipke is also a prominent owner and breeder in North American thoroughbred horse racing.
Souphanouvong
Prince Souphanouvong (13 July 1909 – 9 January 1995; Lao: ສຸພານຸວົງ Lao pronunciation: [ˌsupʰaːˈnuʋoŋ]), nicknamed the Red Prince, was along with his half-brother Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Boun Oum of Champasak, one of the "Three Princes" who represented respectively the communist (pro-Vietnam), neutralist and royalist political factions in Laos. He was the President of Laos from December 1975 to October 1986.

Lao royal family
The Lan Xang Hom Khao dynasty (Lao: ລາຊະວົງລ້ານຊ້າງຮົ່ມຂາວ) or Lao royal family was the ruling family of the Kingdom of Laos from 1904 to 1975 and the group of close relatives of the monarch of the Kingdom of Laos. King Sisavang Vong was the founder of the modern family, consisting of a number of persons in the Lao royal dynasty of the Khun Lo, who are related to the king of Laos, who are entitled to royal titles, and some of whom performed various official engagements on behalf of the royal family and ceremonial duties of state when the kingdom existed. The Lao royal family are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos.
Carievale
Carievale (2021 population: 244) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Argyle No. 1 and Census Division No. 1. The village lies at the intersection of Highway 8 and Highway 18.

Saskatchewan Highway 8
Highway 8 is a provincial highway in Saskatchewan, Canada. The highway runs along the eastern side of the province from North Dakota Highway 28 at the U.S. border near Elmore until it transitions into Highway 982 just south of the Porcupine Hills. Along the route, it intersects both the Trans-Canada and Yellowhead Highways. It provides access to several towns and multiple smaller communities and is about 410 kilometres (250 mi) long. For most of the highway's route, it traverses relatively flat prairie. Along the way, though, it crosses three large river valleys, the Qu'Appelle River, Assiniboine River, and the Swan River.

Highway 8 is paved from Elmore (km 0) until Langenburg (km 215), and then from MacNutt (km 248) until km 396 near Swan Plain. In 2024, the section of Highway 8 from Rocanville south to Moosomin was named the worst road in Saskatchewan.
Abdul Hamid Khan (Gilgit-Baltistan activist)
Abdul Hamid Khan is the chairman of the Balawaristan National Front (Hameed group) (BNF-H), a sub-nationalist organisation. He founded the Balawaristan National Front Hameed Group (BNF-H), which sought autonomy for Gilgit-Baltistan and opposed the construction of hydroelectric dams there. BNF-H was founded in 1995 by Abdul Hamid. In 1999, Abdul Hameed Khan left Pakistan. He spent 20 years living in India and Belgium. However, after spending 20 years living abroad, Abdul Hamid unconditionally surrendered to Pakistani security officials on 8 February 2019. His organisation, BNF-H, was banned by National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) on 26 February 2019.

Balawaristan National Front
The Balawaristan National Front is a defunct political party which sought Independence for Gilgit-Baltistan, claimed as Balawaristan, as well as claims in certain regions of the Indian-Administered Kashmir, Kargil and Ladakh, as part of its historical territory.
Under My Skin (1950 film)
Under My Skin is a 1950 American sports drama film directed by Jean Negulesco and starring John Garfield and Micheline Presle. It is based on the 1923 short story "My Old Man" by Ernest Hemingway about a jockey who is threatened by a mobster after winning a race that he had agreed to throw.

The Hemingway story was later adapted for the 1979 CBS television film My Old Man, starring Kristy McNichol, Warren Oates and Eileen Brennan.

My Old Man (short story)
"My Old Man" is a short story written by Ernest Hemingway, published in his 1923 book Three Stories and Ten Poems, which published by a small Paris imprint. The story was also included in his next collection of stories, In Our Time, published in New York in 1925 by Boni & Liveright. The story tells of a boy named Joe whose father is a steeplechase jockey, and is narrated from Joe's point-of-view.

"My Old Man" was written in 1922. As one of Hemingway's earliest stories, it is generally regarded by critics as juvenilia, along with "Up in Michigan", also published in Three Stories and Ten Poems. Critical attention focuses chiefly on three issues:  Sherwood Anderson's influence, the story's narrative structure, and the question of whether Joe's father is moral or immoral.

The story was the basis for the 1950 film Under My Skin, and the 1979 television film My Old Man.
Mażucie
Mażucie [maˈʐut͡ɕɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołdap, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Gmina Gołdap
Gmina Gołdap is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its seat is the town of Gołdap, which lies approximately 133 kilometres (83 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 361.73 square kilometres (139.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 19,918 (out of which the population of Gołdap amounts to 13,641, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,277).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Puszcza Romincka Landscape Park.
Speaker's Residence, Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte
The Speaker's Residence is the official residence of the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka, located in Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte, Sri Lanka. The current residence was built in 2000 close to the Parliament Complex.

Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
The Speaker of the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the presiding officer of the chamber. The Speaker fulfills a number of important functions in relation to the operation of the House, which is based upon the British Westminster parliamentary system. The speaker is second in the Sri Lankan presidential line of succession, after the prime minister.
Rhythmic mode
In medieval music, the rhythmic modes were set patterns of long and short durations (or rhythms). The value of each note is not determined by the form of the written note (as is the case with more recent European musical notation), but rather by its position within a group of notes written as a single figure called a ligature, and by the position of the ligature relative to other ligatures. Modal notation was developed by the composers of the Notre Dame school from 1170 to 1250, replacing the even and unmeasured rhythm of early polyphony and plainchant with patterns based on the metric feet of classical poetry, and was the first step towards the development of modern mensural notation. The rhythmic modes of Notre Dame Polyphony were the first coherent system of rhythmic notation developed in Western music since antiquity.

Franco of Cologne
Franco of Cologne (fl. mid to late 13th century; also Franco of Paris) was a German music theorist, possibly a composer, one of the most influential theorists of the Late Middle Ages, and was the first to propose an idea which was to transform musical notation permanently: that the duration of any note should be determined by its appearance on the page, and not from context alone. The result was Franconian notation, described most famously in his Ars cantus mensurabilis.
2019 Thai FA Cup
The 2019 Thai FA Cup is the 26th season of a Thailand's knockout football competition. It was sponsored by Chang, and known as the Chang FA Cup (Thai: ช้าง เอฟเอคัพ) for sponsorship purposes. The tournament is organized by the Football Association of Thailand. 100 clubs were accepted into the tournament, and it began with the qualification round on 27 March 2019 and concluded with the final on 2 November 2019. The winner would have qualified for the 2020 AFC Champions League preliminary round 2 and the 2020 Thailand Champions Cup. Chiangrai United defend champion but was knocked out in quarter-final by Port.

2019 Thai League 2
The 2019 Thai League 2 is the 22nd season of the Thai League 2, the second-tier professional league for Thailand's association football clubs, since its establishment in 1997, also known as M-150 Championship due to the sponsorship deal with M-150. A total of 18 teams will compete in the league. The season began on 9 February 2019 and is scheduled to conclude on 27 October 2019.

The 1st transfer window is from 26 November 2018 to 19 February 2019 while the 2nd transfer window is from 24 June 2019 to 19 July 2019.
Robert Halpin
Robert Charles Halpin DL JP RNR FRGS (16 February 1836 – 20 January 1894) was an Irish sea captain. He captained the Brunel-designed steamship SS Great Eastern which laid transoceanic telegraph cables. A successful pioneer of this work, he earned the nickname "Mr Cable".

Maritime Institute of Ireland
The Maritime Institute of Ireland (MII) was founded in 1941, at a time when World War II was raging and many seamen were in great peril of either being severely injured or losing their lives. Ireland, being an island nation, was dependent on the sea for all forms of movement external to the island as well as for many goods, particularly fuels that were required to keep the economy going. There was therefore a resurgence of interest in all things to do with the sea.
Lydie Err
Lydie Err (born 23 April 1949, in Pétange) is a Luxembourgish politician.

She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) in 1984, representing Circonscription Sud.  She was re-elected in 1989, 1994, 1999, and 2004.  From 1989 until 1991, she sat as one of the two Vice-Presidents of the Chamber.  She entered the Juncker-Poos Ministry in 1998 as a Secretary of State.  She remained for one year, before the CSV-LSAP coalition collapsed in the wake of the LSAP's 1999 election defeat.

Juncker–Poos Government
The Juncker–Poos Government was the government of Luxembourg between 26 January 1995 and 7 August 1999.  It was led by, and named after, Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker and Deputy Prime Minister Jacques Poos.

Juncker became Prime Minister after his predecessor, Jacques Santer, was appointed President of the European Commission. However, the Juncker–Poos Ministry was essentially a continuation of the third Santer-Poos Ministry, both being coalitions between Santer's and Juncker's Christian Social People's Party (CSV) and Poos' Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), the largest and second-largest parties in the legislature.

The Juncker-Poos government came to an end after the general election of 1999, in which the CSV remained the largest party, but the LSAP was beaten into third place by the Democratic Party. Hence, the CSV formed a new coalition with the DP.