hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osogovo Bay
Osogovo Bay (Bulgarian: Осоговски залив, romanized: Osogovski zaliv, IPA: [osoˈɡɔfski ˈzalif]), "named after the Osogovo region in western Bulgaria," is bounded by the south coast of Rugged Island, by Astor Island, and by the west coast of the Byers Peninsula south of Laager Point, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

By sea, it is entered between Benson Point and Devils Point.

Osogovo
42°9′30″N 22°31′0″E﻿ / ﻿42.15833°N 22.51667°E﻿ / 42.15833; 22.51667

Osogovo (Bulgarian/Macedonian: Осоговоⓘ), or Osogovska Planina or Osogovski Planini (Осоговска Планина or Осоговски Планини), is a mountain range and ski resort between the south-western part of Bulgaria (Kyustendil Province) and the north-eastern part of North Macedonia (Kočani and Kriva Palanka municipalities). Osogovo Monastery is situated on the mountain.
Louis André
Louis Joseph Nicolas André (28 March 1838, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Côte-d'Or – 18 March 1913, Dijon) was France's Minister of War from 1900 until 1904. A Freemason and fiercely loyal to the Third Republic, he was militantly anti-Catholic and anticlerical. He was the instigator of the Affaire Des Fiches, a scandal in which he received reports from Masonic groups on which army officers were practicing Catholics for the purpose of denying their promotions.

In 1876 Louis André married the opera singer Marguerite Chapuy, who had created the role of Micaëla in the premiere run of Bizet's Carmen in March 1875.

Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism.

Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees.

Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America.
Pisary, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Pisary [piˈsarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ożarów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south of Ożarów, 20 km (12 mi) east of Opatów, and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Ożarów
Gmina Ożarów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ożarów, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Opatów and 74 km (46 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 183.29 square kilometres (70.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,452 (out of which the population of Ożarów amounts to 4,816, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,636).
Jerome Alden
Jerome Alden (March 5, 1921 – May 4, 1997) was an American playwright and screenwriter for television and documentary films. He was born in Portland, Oregon. He graduated from the University of Oregon. He wrote the one-man play Bully, about Theodore Roosevelt, and the book for the musical Teddy & Alice, which was also about the Roosevelt family. Both productions appeared on Broadway. Alden was married to a ballerina, Barbara Gaye, who danced in the original Broadway productions of Annie Get Your Gun and Our Town. They were the parents of opera directors Christopher Alden and David Alden.

David Alden
David Alden (born 1949 in New York City) is a prolific theater and film director known for his post-modernist settings of opera. He is the twin brother of Christopher Alden, also an opera director in the revisionist mold. The two brothers have covered much of the same repertoire in their long careers, but whereas Christopher's operatic settings place greater emphasis on his characters' emotional range, David's protagonists are more broadly caricatured and his productions far more politically charged. Another distinguishing feature between them is that David has been more active in Europe throughout his career, having enjoyed a particularly close creative partnership with Sir Peter Jonas for more than two decades, at both the English National Opera and the Bavarian State Opera.
Hope Is a Tattered Flag
Hope is a Tattered Flag: Voices of Reason and Change for the Post-Bush Era is a 2008 book by Markos Kounalakis and Peter Laufer, with a foreword by Will Durst. The book follows the answers Kounalakis and Laufer get when asking people where they go from here, now that George W. Bush has left office as the President of the United States. The foreword by Will Durst talks about his opinion of the Post-Bush Era.

Markos Kounalakis
Markos Kounalakis (Greek: Μάρκος Κουναλάκης; born December 1, 1956) is an American syndicated journalist and scholar who is the second partner of California as the husband of lieutenant governor Eleni Kounalakis. He writes a syndicated weekly foreign affairs column for The Miami Herald and McClatchy-Tribune News and is a frequent foreign affairs analyst for CBS News and CNN International.

Kounalakis is a visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution and a senior fellow at the Center for Media, Data, and Society at Central European University in Vienna, Austria.
Warren Consolidated Schools
Warren Consolidated Schools is a public school district serving the cities of Warren, Sterling Heights and Troy, Michigan. It operates 25 schools including two specialized partial-day high schools that draw from the other schools within the district.

Warren, Michigan
Warren is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Warren borders Detroit to the north, roughly 13 miles (20.9 km) north of downtown Detroit. The population was 139,387 at the 2020 census, making Warren the largest community in Macomb County, the third-largest city in Michigan, and Detroit's largest suburb.

The city is home to a wide variety of businesses, including the General Motors Technical Center, the United States Army Detroit Arsenal, home of the United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command and the Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), and the headquarters of Asset Acceptance.
Robert Latimer
Robert William Latimer (born March 13, 1953) is a Canadian canola and wheat farmer who was convicted of second degree murder in the death of his daughter Tracy Lynn Latimer (November 23, 1980 – October 24, 1993). This case caused a national controversy concerning the definition and ethics of euthanasia as well as the rights of people with disabilities,  and resulted in two Supreme Court decisions, R. v. Latimer (1997), on section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and later R. v. Latimer (2001), concerning cruel and unusual punishments with reference to section 12 of the Charter. Latimer was released on day parole in March 2008 and was granted full parole in December 2010.

R v Latimer (1997)
R v Latimer, [1997] 1 SCR 217, was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada in the controversial case of Robert Latimer, a Saskatchewan farmer convicted of murdering his disabled daughter Tracy.  The case involved consideration of arbitrary detention under section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and rights to an explanation for detention and rights to counsel under section 10. The Supreme Court ultimately overturned Latimer's conviction due to the Crown's improper actions at the jury selection stage.  As a result, the decision was the first given by the Supreme Court in the Latimer case, the second being R v Latimer on cruel and unusual punishment under section 12 of the Charter.
Grebeg Sudiro
Grebeg Sudiro is a festival held in Sudiroprajan, Surakarta that brings together Javanese and Chinese cultural elements. The festival's origins lie in Muslim traditions such as Mawlid, Muharram, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha and traditions in the Surakarta Sunanate. The tradition then developed into a local village event held in conjunction with Lunar New Year celebrations centered around the themes of diversity and multiculturalism. People of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic groups participate in the Grebeg Sudiro festivities each year. There are a large variety of Chinese ornaments displayed during the festivities and a parade.

Surakarta
Surakarta (Javanese: ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, Pegon: سوراكارتا), known colloquially as Solo (Javanese: ꦱꦭ; Sålå), is a major city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 46.72 km2 (18.04 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and west, and Sukoharjo Regency to the south. On the eastern side of Solo lies Solo River (Bengawan Solo). Its metropolitan area, consisting of Surakarta City and the surrounding six regencies ("Greater Solo Area", formerly Special Region of Surakarta), was home to 6,837,753 inhabitants according to the official estimates for mid 2023, 526,870 of whom reside in the city proper.

Surakarta is the birthplace of the President of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024, Joko Widodo, as well as his son and current Vice President of Indonesia, Gibran Rakabuming Raka. The former served as Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012, as did the latter from 2021 to 2024.
Abel's test
In mathematics, Abel's test (also known as Abel's criterion) is a method of testing for the convergence of an infinite series. The test is named after mathematician Niels Henrik Abel, who proved it in 1826. There are two slightly different versions of Abel's test – one is used with series of real numbers, and the other is used with power series in complex analysis. Abel's uniform convergence test is a criterion for the uniform convergence of a series of functions dependent on parameters.

Summation by parts
In mathematics, summation by parts transforms the summation of products of sequences into other summations, often simplifying the computation or (especially) estimation of certain types of sums. It is also called Abel's lemma or Abel transformation, named after Niels Henrik Abel who introduced it in 1826.
Lumen (anatomy)
In biology, a lumen (pl.: lumina) is the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine. It comes from Latin  lumen 'an opening'.

It can refer to:

the interior of a vessel, such as the central space in an artery, vein or capillary through which blood flows

the interior of the gastrointestinal tract

the pathways of the bronchi in the lungs

the interior of renal tubules and urinary collecting ducts

the pathways of the female genital tract, starting with a single pathway of the vagina, splitting up in two lumina in the uterus, both of which continue through the fallopian tubes

the fluid-filled cavity forming in the blastocyst during pre-implantation development called the blastocoel

In cell biology, lumen is a membrane-defined space that is found inside several organelles, cellular components, or structures, including thylakoid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondrion, and microtubule.

Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus (/ˈɡɒldʒi/), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. It is of particular importance in processing proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that attach various sugar monomers to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.

The Golgi apparatus was identified in 1898 by the Italian biologist and pathologist Camillo Golgi. The organelle was later named after him in the 1910s.
Bocholt Cross
The Bocholt Cross (German: Bocholter Kreuz) is a forked crucifix in St. George's Church in Bocholt, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and dates to the early 14th century. It is the oldest and most significant ornament of this church and the focal point of a regional pilgrimage today.

Bocholt, Germany
Bocholt (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔxɔlt]) is a city in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, part of the district Borken. It is situated 4 km (2+1⁄2 miles) south of the border with the Netherlands. Suderwick is part of Bocholt and is situated at the border annex to Dinxperlo.
Kei Yasuda
Kei Yasuda (保田 圭, Yasuda Kei; born on December 6, 1980) is a Japanese singer, musician and actress under the Hello! Project. She was a member and co-leader of the Japanese girl group Morning Musume. Yasuda, along with Mari Yaguchi and Sayaka Ichii, were the second generation of singers to be recruited into Morning Musume. Morning Musume had only released one official single, Morning Coffee, prior to their joining.
Yasuda was also a member of Japanese pop group Dream Morning Musume.

Petit Moni
Petit Moni (プッチモニ, Pucchi Moni) was a sub-unit of the Japanese idol girl group Morning Musume and associated with Hello! Project. It was formed by Up-Front Promotion in November 1999 as the second sub-group of Morning Musume.
Archery at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games
Archery at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games  was held in Konya, Turkey from 14 to 18 August 2022. Traditional Turkish Archery Competitions was held at Saraçoglu Sports Venue between 15 and 16 August 2022. For individual competitions, qualification, elimination and final elimination round shots was done, and for team competitions, elimination and final elimination rounds of the teams was done. Qualification rounds in Archery was made accordingly: Men’s and Women’s Recurve bow was 70m. 720 rounds, and Men’s and Women’s Compound bow was 50m. 720 Rounds. Para Archery competitions was held in Saraçoğlu Sport Complex between 09-13 August 2022. Competitions were held in Recurve Bow, Compound Bow and W1 Bows was held in Senior category. The qualification rounds of the competition was done as 720 rounds 70 m for Recurve bows, and 720 rounds 50 m for Compound Bows. Individual elimination and final rounds was done in each category after qualification rounds.

Saraçoğlu Sport Complex
Saraçoğlu Sport Complex (Turkish: Saraçoğlu Spor Tesisleri) is a multi-purpose outdoor arena in Karatay, Konya, Turkey.

The sport complex is located at Telsiz St. in Karatay district of Konya, Turkey. Competitions in sports branches like  field hockey, shooting (trap and skeet), field archery and basketball, can be held at the complex.

The venue hosted the shooting and the archery competitions at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games.
Stilton
Stilton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) north of Huntingdon in Huntingdonshire, which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as a historic county of England.

Great North Road (Great Britain)
The Great North Road was the main highway between England and Scotland from medieval times until the 20th century. It became a coaching route used by mail coaches travelling between London, York and Edinburgh. The modern A1 mainly parallels the route of the Great North Road. Coaching inns, many of which survive, were staging posts providing accommodation, stabling for horses and replacement mounts. Nowadays virtually no surviving coaching inns can be seen while driving on the A1, because the modern route bypasses the towns in which the inns are found.
Clyde Drexler
Clyde Austin Drexler Sr. (born June 22, 1962) is an American former professional basketball player who currently works as the commissioner of the Big3 3-on-3 basketball league. Nicknamed "Clyde the Glide", he played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), spending a majority of his career with the Portland Trail Blazers before finishing with the Houston Rockets. He was a ten-time NBA All-Star, five time All-NBA Selection, and was named to the NBA's 50th and 75th anniversary teams. Drexler led Portland to the NBA Finals in 1990 and 1992, won an NBA championship with Houston in 1995, and earned a gold medal on the 1992 United States Olympic team known as "The Dream Team". He was inducted twice into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, in 2004 for his individual career and in 2010 as a member of the "Dream Team". Drexler is often considered among the top basketball players and top shooting guards of all time.

Big3
Big3 (stylized BIG3) is a 3-on-3 basketball league founded by the hip-hop musician and actor Ice Cube and entertainment executive Jeff Kwatinetz. The league consists of 12 teams whose rosters include both former NBA players and international players. The rules of Big3 games contain deviations from the official rules of 3-on-3 basketball as administered by FIBA. It debuted in 2017 and takes place during the NBA offseason. In January 2020, Big3 announced its rule set would be the core of a new basketball variant called "Fireball3" (stylized FIREBALL3).
Old Cortez High School
Cortez High School, at 121 E. First St. in Cortez, Colorado, was built in 1909 and operated as a school until 1968.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

It was Cortez' old high school, most recently Calkins Jr. High School.  It became a junior high school in 1946 when Montezuma-Cortez High School opened.

Its National Register nomination document was not available during government shutdown in January 2019.

Montezuma-Cortez High School
Montezuma-Cortez High School (M-CHS) is a public senior high school in Cortez, Colorado, United States. It is part of the Montezuma-Cortez School District RE-1 and serves students in grades 9 through 12.
Lambdina fiscellaria
Lambdina fiscellaria, the mournful thorn or hemlock looper, is a moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found in North America, from the Pacific to the Atlantic coast and from Canada south to Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and California.

The wingspan is about 35 mm. The moth flies from August to early October depending on the location.

The larvae feed on hemlock, balsam fir, white spruce, oak and other hardwoods.

Tsuga
Tsuga (/ˈsuːɡə/, from Japanese 栂 (ツガ), the name of Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family. The English-language common name "hemlock" arose from a perceived similarity in the smell of its crushed foliage to that of the unrelated plant hemlock. Unlike the latter, Tsuga species are not poisonous.

The genus comprises eight to ten species (depending on the authority), with four species occurring in North America and four to six in eastern Asia.
Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon
The Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon is a work written in the 13th century by the Arab physician Ibn al-Nafis. A manuscript of the work was discovered in 1924 in the archives of the Prussian State Library in Berlin, Germany. It contains the earliest descriptions of the coronary circulation and pulmonary circulation systems. The manuscript records Ibn Nafis' prediction of the existence of the capillaries which he described as perceptible passages (manafidh) between pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. These passages would later be identified by Marcello Malpighi as capillaries.

Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system. Capillaries are microvessels and the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are composed of only the tunica intima (the innermost layer of an artery or vein), consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells. They are the site of the exchange of many substances from the surrounding interstitial fluid, and they convey blood from the smallest branches of the arteries (arterioles) to those of the veins (venules). Other substances which cross capillaries include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose, uric acid, lactic acid and creatinine. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymphatic fluid collected in microcirculation.
The Dream Room
The Dream Room (German: Die Traumbude) was Erich Maria Remarque's first novel, published under the name Erich Remark.  He started writing it at the age of sixteen and completed it after his service in World War I, but it was not published until 1920.

When he published All Quiet on the Western Front in 1928, Remarque changed his middle name in memory of his mother and reverted to the earlier spelling of the family name to dissociate himself from Die Traumbude. The original family name, Remarque, had been changed to Remark by his grandfather in the 19th century.

Erich Maria Remarque
Erich Maria Remarque (/rəˈmɑːrk/; German: [ˈeːʁɪç maˈʁiːa ʁəˈmaʁk] ⓘ; born Erich Paul Remark; 22 June 1898 – 25 September 1970) was a German novelist. His landmark novel All Quiet on the Western Front (1928), based on his experience in the Imperial German Army during World War I, was an international bestseller which created a new literary genre of veterans writing about conflict. The book was adapted to film several times. Remarque's anti-war themes led to his condemnation by Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels as "unpatriotic". He was able to use his literary success and fame to relocate to Switzerland as a refugee, and to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen.
Liliom (1930 film)
Liliom is a 1930 American pre-Code drama film directed by Frank Borzage and written by S. N. Behrman and Sonya Levien. The film stars Charles Farrell, Rose Hobart, Estelle Taylor, H. B. Warner, Lee Tracy and Walter Abel. It was an adaptation of the 1909 play of the same name, serving as the first sound version of the film and the first of two sound adaptations of the play in the 1930s, with a 1934 adaptation being directed by Fritz Lang. The film was released on October 5, 1930, by Fox Film Corporation, who also handled the 1934 film. Alongside Just Imagine, also released by Fox, this was one of the first films to employ rear projection, which is done during a train sequence.

Rear projection
Rear projection (background projection, process photography, etc.) is one of many in-camera effects cinematic techniques
in film production for combining foreground performances with pre-filmed backgrounds. It was widely used for many years in driving scenes, or to show other forms of "distant" background motion.
Frankie Mann (composer)
Frankie Mann (born 1955) is an American electronic music composer and performance artist. Mann was a part of the New York City avant-garde music scene of the 1970s and 1980s. Mann was born in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1955 and studied electronic music at Oberlin College and Mills College, where she studied with David Behrman and Robert Ashley. Mann's work was released by the record label Lovely Music, Ltd.

Mann's music explores electroacoustic sound structures, cultural memory, and the interaction of technology and the body. Mann's compositions have been featured on KPFA-FM in Berkeley, California, where they also had a radio show called "Black Spot Punch." In addition to radio, Mann's work has been featured at numerous visual and performing arts venues in New York City, including at Roulette Intermedium, The Whitney Museum of American Art, and The Museum of Modern Art.

Mann has performed with other electronic music composers such as David Behrman.

Roulette Intermedium
Roulette Intermedium is a performing arts and new music venue located in Brooklyn, New York City. Founded in 1978, it has been located in the neighborhoods of Tribeca and SoHo in Manhattan, and now resides in a renovated theater in downtown Brooklyn. Roulette is a nonprofit organization focusing on fostering experimental dance, new music, and performance.