hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilton, North Dakota
Wilton is a city in Burleigh and McLean counties in North Dakota, United States. It is part of the "Bismarck, North Dakota Metropolitan Statistical Area" or "Bismarck-Mandan". The population was 718 at the 2020 census. Founded in 1899, Wilton was named by General W. D. Washburn after the town of Wilton in his native state of Maine.

Burleigh County, North Dakota
Burleigh County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 98,458, and was estimated to be 103,107 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in North Dakota. Its county seat and largest city is Bismarck, the state capital and second-largest city in North Dakota. The county was named for Dakota Territory political figure Walter A. Burleigh.

Burleigh County is included in the Bismarck metropolitan area.
An Elephant in the Garden
An Elephant in the Garden is a British children's novel written by Michael Morpurgo, and illustrated by Michael Foreman. It was originally published in the United Kingdom by HarperCollins, and released in May 2010. The book is based on actual events that took place in Belfast during World War II, and is inspired by the story of Denise Weston Austin. The novel was also adapted into a stage play with the same name, that had its debut in 2014 in the United Kingdom.

Michael Morpurgo
Sir Michael Andrew Bridge (né Bridge; born 5 October 1943) is an English book author, poet, playwright, and librettist who is known best for children's novels such as War Horse (1982). His work is noted for its "magical storytelling", for recurring themes such as the triumph of an outsider or survival, for characters' relationships with nature, and for vivid settings such as the Cornish coast or the trenches of the First World War. Morpurgo was the third Children's Laureate, from 2003 to 2005, and is President of BookTrust, a children's reading charity.
Merlon
A merlon is the solid, upright section of a battlement (a crenellated parapet) in medieval architecture or fortifications. Merlons are sometimes pierced by narrow, vertical embrasures, or tooth-like slits designed for observation and fire. The space between two merlons is called a crenel, and a succession of merlons and crenels is a crenellation. Crenels designed in later eras for use by cannons were also called embrasures.

Guelphs and Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (/ˈɡwɛlfs ... ˈɡɪbɪlaɪnz/ GWELFS ... GHIB-il-ynze, US also /-liːnz, -lɪnz/ -⁠eenz, -⁠inz; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡibelˈliːni, -fj e -]) were factions supporting the pope (Guelphs) and the Holy Roman emperor (Ghibellines) in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy during the Middle Ages. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties dominated political life across Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Brian Melo
Brian Melo (born August 15, 1982) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Hamilton, Ontario who was the winner of the fifth season of Canadian Idol in 2007.  His first studio album, Livin' It, achieved Gold Status in Canada. His second album, The Truth, was released October 2010.

Canadian Idol season 5
The fifth season of Canadian Idol is the fifth installation of the Idol series in Canada. It was again hosted by Ben Mulroney, with Farley Flex, Jake Gold, Sass Jordan and Zack Werner all returning as judges. The show premiered on June 5, 2007, with a 90-minute episode. Voting began during the fourth week. New events introduced that season included the Help Idols build a house and the Kraft Confidential with David Kerr. The elimination song for this year was Walk on Home by Kalan Porter. The final episode of the season was broadcast on September 11, 2007, when Brian Melo was crowned Canadian Idol.
The Root of All Evil (1947 film)
The Root of All Evil is a 1947 British drama film, directed by Brock Williams for Gainsborough Pictures and starring Phyllis Calvert and Michael Rennie. The film was the first directorial assignment for Williams, who was better known as a screenwriter, and also produced the screenplay based on the 1921 novel by J. S. Fletcher.

It was one of the less successful Gainsborough melodramas.

Brock Williams (screenwriter)
Brock Williams (8 July 1894 – 19 February 1964) was a prolific English screenwriter with over 100 films to his credit between 1930 and 1962.  He also had a brief directorial career, and later also worked in television. Two of his novels, The Earl of Chicago and Uncle Willie and the Bicycle Shop were both adapted into films.
1871 United States Senate election in California
The 1871 United States Senate election in California was held on December 20, 1871, by the California State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of California in the United States Senate. In a special joint session, Republican Congressman Aaron A. Sargent was elected over Democratic State Supreme Court Justice William T. Wallace.

Aaron A. Sargent
Aaron Augustus Sargent (September 28, 1827 – August 14, 1887) was an American journalist, lawyer, politician and diplomat. In 1878, Sargent historically introduced what would later become the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, giving women the right to vote. He was sometimes called the "Senator for the Southern Pacific Railroad".
Magnus Jacobsson
Magnus Jacobsson (born 10 April 1968) is a Swedish politician. He has been a member of the Riksdag since 2018, having previously served from 1998 to 2002. From 1997 to 1999, he served as leader of the Young Christian Democrats.

Young Christian Democrats (Sweden)
The Young Christian Democrats (Swedish: Kristdemokratiska ungdomsförbundet, KDU) is the youth organization of the Christian Democrats in Sweden.

KDU was founded at a conference in Sundsvall 1966. Initially the name of the organization was Christian Democratic Youth (Kristen Demokratisk Ungdom) but were later changed.
Abstraction inversion
In computer programming, abstraction inversion is an anti-pattern arising when users of a construct need functions implemented within it but not exposed by its interface. The result is that the users re-implement the required functions in terms of the interface, which in its turn uses the internal implementation of the same functions.  This may result in implementing lower-level features in terms of higher-level ones, thus the term 'abstraction inversion'.

Possible ill-effects are:

The user of such a re-implemented function may seriously underestimate its running-costs.

The user of the construct is forced to obscure their implementation with complex mechanical details.

Many users attempt to solve the same problem, increasing the risk of error.

Interface (computing)
In computing, an interface is a shared boundary across which two or more separate components of a computer system exchange information. The exchange can be between software, computer hardware, peripheral devices, humans, and combinations of these. Some computer hardware devices, such as a touchscreen, can both send and receive data through the interface, while others such as a mouse or microphone may only provide an interface to send data to a given system.
Density theorem (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the density theorem states that every presheaf of sets is a colimit of representable presheaves in a canonical way.

For example, by definition, a simplicial set is a presheaf on the simplex category Δ and a representable simplicial set is exactly of the form  (called the standard n-simplex) so the theorem says: for each simplicial set X,

where the colim runs over an index category determined by X.

Presheaf (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a presheaf on a category  is a functor . If  is the poset of open sets in a topological space, interpreted as a category, then one recovers the usual notion of presheaf on a topological space.

A morphism of presheaves is defined to be a natural transformation of functors.  This makes the collection of all presheaves on  into a category, and is an example of a functor category. It is often written as  and it  is called the category of presheaves on .  A functor into  is sometimes called a profunctor.

A presheaf that is naturally isomorphic to the contravariant hom-functor Hom(–, A) for some object A of C is called a representable presheaf.

Some authors refer to a functor  as a -valued presheaf.
Giorgi Gabedava
Giorgi Gabedava (born 3 October 1989) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Erovnuli Liga club Gagra.

He has played in four countries and won eight titles in all competitions in Georgia. Individually, with 22 goals scored for Chikhura in the 2018 season, Gabedava shared a goalscorer's prize with Budu Zivzivadze. He has also been named as Player of the Year and Forward of the Year.

FC Chikhura Sachkhere
Football Club Chikhura Sachkhere, commonly known as Chikhura Sachkhere or simply Chikhura, is a Georgian football club based in Sachkhere.

The team currently competes in Regionuli Liga, the fifth tier of the Georgian league system.
Open Heart (TV series)
Open Heart is a 2015 Canadian mystery-drama television series produced by the Epitome Pictures unit of DHX Media in association with Marblemedia. It aired simultaneously on January 20, 2015, on YTV in Canada and TeenNick in the United States. In June 2015, Canada's ABC Spark acquired the rights to air reruns of the show.

Epitome Pictures
Epitome Pictures Inc. (later known as DHX Studios Toronto) was a Canadian film and television production company based in Toronto, Ontario. Founded by Linda Schuyler and Stephen Stohn in 1992, the company is best known for producing Degrassi: The Next Generation and Degrassi: Next Class, the fourth and fifth respective entries of the Degrassi teen drama franchise, of which was co-created by Schuyler. Other television series produced by Epitome include Liberty Street, Riverdale, and The L.A. Complex.

Epitome was acquired by DHX Media in 2014.
Every Day and Every Night
Every Day and Every Night is an EP by American indie rock band Bright Eyes. It became the 30th release by Saddle Creek Records on November 1, 1999.

Conor Oberst references this album art in another of his songs, "Waste of Paint", from the album Lifted or The Story Is in the Soil, Keep Your Ear to the Ground. In the first verse he sings (that a friend, most likely Zack Nipper) "Once cut one of my nightmares out of paper; oh I thought it was beautiful, I put it on a record cover...".

Zack Nipper
Zack Nipper is an American artist from Omaha, Nebraska. He has designed several album covers by bands such as Bright Eyes, Criteria, Georgie James and Desaparecidos. Zack won "Best Recording Package" for his work on Bright Eyes' Cassadaga at the 2008 Grammy Awards, giving him, as well as Saddle Creek Records their first Grammy.  In 2008, after his Grammy Award, several of Nipper's drawings for the album were displayed at the Joslyn Art Museum in "Zack Nipper: The Cassadaga Drawings" organized by then-senior curator of collections, John Wilson.

In January 2011, it was announced that Nipper's work on The People's Key had won the Best Art Vinyl award.

He is a great-grandson of efficiency experts Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr. and Lillian Moller Gilbreth, whose life story was told in the book and film "Cheaper By The Dozen".
Richard Heron
Sir Richard Heron, 1st Baronet (1726 – 18 January 1805) was a politician in the Kingdom of Ireland.

He was the youngest son of Robert Heron of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire. He was admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1748, made a Commissioner of Bankruptcy in 1751 and a Remembrancer in the Exchequer in 1754.

He sat in the Irish House of Commons as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Lisburn from 1777 to 1783, and served as Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1776 to 1780. He was sworn of the Privy Council of Ireland on 25 January 1777.

He was made a Baronet in 1778, of Newark upon Trent.

He died in 1805 at his home in London. He had married Jane, widow of Stephen Thompson, daughter and coheir of Abraham Hall. He had no children and thus the baronetcy and his estates in Lincolnshire passed to his nephew Sir Robert Heron, 2nd Baronet.

Heron baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for descendants of the ancient 12th-century border family of Heron of Ford Castle, Northumberland.

The Heron Baronetcy, of Chipchase, was created on 20 November 1662 in the Baronetage of England by Charles II for Cuthbert Heron of Chipchase Castle, Northumberland in recognition of the loyalty shown to the King's father Charles I.
The 5th Baronet, whose father changed his name upon marriage into the Myddleton family, was the nephew of the 3rd Baronet. The baronetcy became extinct on his death in 1801.

The Heron Baronetcy, of Newark upon Trent, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 25 August 1778 for Richard Heron, Chief Secretary for Ireland 1777–80. He was succeeded by his nephew, the 2nd Baronet, who was member of parliament for Grimsby 1812–1818 and for Peterborough 1819–47. The baronetcy became extinct on his death in 1854.
Yes, Yes, Yvette
Yes, Yes, Yvette is a musical in three acts with lyrics by Irving Caesar and music by Philip Charig and Ben Jerome. James Montgomery and William Cary Duncan co-authored the musical's book which was based on  Montgomery's 1916 play Nothing But the Truth which was in turn based on Frederic S. Isham's 1914 novel Nothing But the Truth. Producer Harry Frazee envisioned the work as a follow-up to the 1925 hit musical No, No, Nanette, a work which he had brought to the stage, and the work was billed as a companion piece to Nanette. Many of the cast members from Nanette's successful Chicago production also starred in Yvette.

William Cary Duncan
William Cary Duncan, sometimes given as William Carey Duncan, (6 February 1874, North Brookfield, Massachusetts – 21 November 1945, North Brookfield, Massachusetts) was an American playwright, lyricist, editor, writer, and educator. He is best remembered for authoring the book and/or lyrics to many musicals; fifteen of which were staged on Broadway from 1913 through 1929. He also wrote a biography on Eliza Jumel, The Amazing Madame Jumel (published in 1935), and a book on the racehorse Goldsmith Maid; Golden Hoofs The Story of an Amazing Mare (published 1938).
Kjeld Bonfils
Kjeld Bonfils (August 23, 1918 – October 13, 1984) was a Danish jazz pianist and vibraphone player.

Bonfils, who was born in Copenhagen, was one of the figures involved in the "Golden Age" of Danish jazz in the 1930s. During the Nazi occupation of Denmark from 1940–45, jazz was discouraged by the regime, but Bonfils played with Svend Asmussen in Valdemar Eiberg's band, as well as elsewhere, and jazz became a symbol of the underground and political protest. Bonfils was hailed as one of the best soloists of his day.

Svend Asmussen
Svend Asmussen (28 February 1916 – 7 February 2017) was a Danish jazz violinist, known as "The Fiddling Viking". A Swing-style virtuoso, he played and recorded with many other notable jazz musicians, including Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman and Stephane Grappelli. He played publicly until 2010 when he had a blood clot, his career having spanned eight decades.
Nothing Like This (album)
Nothing Like This is the seventh studio album by American country music group Rascal Flatts. Released on November 16, 2010, it is their debut release after signing with Big Machine Records after Lyric Street went out of business. The album's lead-off single, "Why Wait," was released on August 2, 2010. This song became their first number one single on the Hot Country Songs charts since "Here Comes Goodbye." The album's second single, "I Won't Let Go" was released to country radio on January 10, 2011. The third single, "Easy" was released to country radio on June 27, 2011. This was the band's last album to go platinum.

Easy (Rascal Flatts song)
"Easy" is a song written by Katrina Elam and Michael Mobley and recorded by the American country music group Rascal Flatts as a duet with British pop singer Natasha Bedingfield.  It was released in June 2011 as the third and final single from Rascal Flatts' album Nothing Like This.  It became Rascal Flatts' fifth AC Top 20 hit. As of the chart dated July 21, 2012, the song has sold 917,000 copies in the US.
South Riding (2011 TV series)
South Riding is a BBC serial in three parts from 2011, based on the 1936 novel South Riding by Winifred Holtby. It is directed by Diarmuid Lawrence and written by Andrew Davies. It stars Anna Maxwell Martin, David Morrissey, Peter Firth, Douglas Henshall, Penelope Wilton and John Henshaw.

The first episode aired on BBC One 20 February 2011, the two remaining on the following Sundays. In the United States, it aired on the PBS anthology series Masterpiece in May 2011.

South Riding (novel)
South Riding is a novel by Winifred Holtby, published posthumously in 1936.

The book is set in the fictional South Riding of Yorkshire: the inspiration being the East Riding rather than the modern South Yorkshire; Holtby's mother, Alice, was the first alderwoman on the East Riding County Council. The leading characters are Sarah Burton, an idealistic young headmistress; Robert Carne of Maythorpe Hall, tormented by his disastrous marriage; Joe Astell, a socialist fighting poverty; and Mrs Beddows, the first woman alderman of the district.

The book won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for 1936. The rights to the book were given to Somerville College, Oxford by Holtby on her death, which used royalties from South Riding and Pavements at Anderby to fund a scholarship.
Deverall Island
Deverall Island (81°28′S 161°54′E﻿ / ﻿81.467°S 161.900°E﻿ / -81.467; 161.900) is a small ice-covered island, rising above the Ross Ice Shelf just northeast of Beaumont Bay. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1960–61) for William H. Deverall, a radio operator at Scott Base, 1961. It is considered to be the southernmost island in the world.

New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition
The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) describes a series of scientific explorations of the continent Antarctica. The expeditions were notably active throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
Catholic District School Board of Eastern Ontario
The Catholic District School Board of Eastern Ontario administers Catholic education for children up to grade 12, in the easternmost counties of Ontario, Canada (an amalgamation of Lanark, Leeds and Grenville, Prescott and Russell, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry) including the cities of Brockville, Clarence-Rockland, Carleton Place and Cornwall. There are elections for Trustees held periodically.

Additionally, Ahkwesahsne Mohawk Board of Education (AMBE), which operates schools on the Canadian portion of Akwesasne, has a tuition agreement to send high school students to this district.

Carleton Place
Carleton Place is a town in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in Lanark County, about 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of downtown Ottawa. It is located at the crossroads of Highway 15 and Highway 7, halfway between the towns of Perth, Almonte, Smiths Falls, and the nation's capital, Ottawa. Canada's Mississippi River, a tributary of the Ottawa River flows through the town.  Mississippi Lake is just upstream by boat, as well as by car.

The town is situated on the edge of a large limestone plain, just south of the edge of the Canadian Shield in the deciduous forest ecoregion of North America.
Djivan Gasparyan
Djivan Gasparyan (var. Jivan Gasparyan; Armenian: Ջիվան Գասպարյան, Armenian pronunciation: [dʒiˈvɑn ɡɑspɑɾˈjɑn]; 12 October 1928 – 6 July 2021) was an Armenian musician and composer. He played the duduk, a double reed woodwind instrument related to the orchestral oboe. Gasparyan is known as the "Master of the duduk". In 2006 he was nominated for Grammy Awards for the Best Traditional World Music Album.

Erkan Oğur
Erkan Oğur (pronounced [æɾˈkan oˈuɾ]) (born 17 April 1954) is a Turkish musician. As pioneer of fretless guitars, he invented the first fretless classical guitar in 1976. As composer, he has influenced many musicians with his compositions combining the sounds of Turkish folk music and classical music with the ancient traditional music. He has played many concerts all over the world. He is regarded as a master of the kopuz and bağlama lutes.
Bellevue, Maryland
Bellevue is an unincorporated community in Talbot County, Maryland, United States.

Bellevue lies on the north bank of the Tred Avon River, and is linked to Oxford across the river via the Oxford–Bellevue Ferry. Clay's Hope and Orem's Delight are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Oxford–Bellevue Ferry
The Oxford–Bellevue Ferry is a ferry service linking Bellevue, Maryland with Oxford, Maryland across the Tred Avon River. The ferry began operations in 1683 and is thought to be the oldest privately owned ferry service in the United States.
Public Emergency Radio of the United States
The Public Emergency Radio of the United States was a communications system planned during the Cold War era in the 1970s, to be activated in anticipation of a nuclear attack. The radio system was designed to broadcast on 167, 179 and 191 kHz in the long wave radio band. The distribution stations would be activated by two "control stations" on 61.15 kHz, at Ault, Colorado and Cambridge, Kansas.

The system was not implemented.

Ault, Colorado
Ault is a statutory town located in Weld County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 1,887 at the 2020 United States census, a +24.23% increase since the 2010 United States census. Ault is a part of the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Casus foederis
Casus foederis (or casus fœderis)  is derived from the Latin for "case for the alliance". In diplomatic terms, it describes a situation in which the terms of an alliance come into play, such as one nation being attacked by another.

North Atlantic Treaty
The North Atlantic Treaty, also known as the Washington Treaty, forms the legal basis of, and is implemented by, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949.
Church of St Mary the Virgin, Ston Easton
The Anglican Church of St Mary the Virgin in Ston Easton, Somerset, England, is a Grade II* listed building dating from the 11th century, with a 15th-century embattled 3-stage west tower.

The most striking interior feature is the Norman chancel arch, with semi-circular head and colonettes. The pews, choir stalls, altar rails, pulpit, font and screen are all 19th century. There are several 18th and 19th century wall monuments particularly to the Hippisley Coxe family of Ston Easton Park, who have their own chapel at the east end of the north aisle.

The chancel was rebuilt in 1707 and the south aisle around 1800.

The church underwent significant rebuilding in the 19th century, by Arthur Blomfield, which included dismantling most of the building including the Norman arch, marking each stone and then rebuilding them in the same position.

The parish is part of the benefice of Chewton Mendip and the archdeanery of Wells.

Ston Easton Park
Ston Easton Park is an English country house built in the 18th century. It lies near the village of Ston Easton, Somerset. It is a Grade I listed building and the grounds are listed Grade II on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

The current house was built around 1750 to 1760 on the site of a Tudor building. The architect may have been Thomas Paty. It was occupied by the descendants of the commissioning owner, John Hippisley-Coxe, until 1956. Since then owners including William Rees-Mogg and Peter Smedley have been involved in restoring the house, which is now in use as a private house for events.

The two-storey house has a symmetrical facade with projecting wings either side of the central doorway with a Tuscan portico. The interior of the stone house is decorated with extensive plaster mouldings to ceilings and fireplaces. The grounds and gardens were laid out by Humphry Repton, but have since been reduced in size.