hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MD4
The MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm is a cryptographic hash function developed by Ronald Rivest in 1990. The digest length is 128 bits. The algorithm has influenced later designs, such as the MD5, SHA-1 and RIPEMD algorithms. The initialism "MD" stands for "Message Digest".

The security of MD4 has been severely compromised. The first full collision attack against MD4 was published in 1995, and several newer attacks have been published since then. As of 2007, an attack can generate collisions in less than two MD4 hash operations. A theoretical preimage attack also exists.

A variant of MD4 is used in the ed2k URI scheme to provide a unique identifier for a file in the popular eDonkey2000 / eMule P2P networks. MD4 was also used by the rsync protocol (prior to version 3.0.0).

MD4 is used to compute NTLM password-derived key digests on Microsoft Windows NT, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 and 11.

NTLM
In a Windows network, NT (New Technology) LAN Manager (NTLM) is a suite of Microsoft security protocols intended to provide authentication, integrity, and confidentiality to users. NTLM is the successor to the authentication protocol in Microsoft LAN Manager (LANMAN), an older Microsoft product. The NTLM protocol suite is implemented in a Security Support Provider, which combines the LAN Manager authentication protocol, NTLMv1, NTLMv2 and NTLM2 Session protocols in a single package. Whether these protocols are used or can be used on a system, which is governed by Group Policy settings, for which different versions of Windows have different default settings.

NTLM passwords are considered weak because they can be brute-forced very easily with modern hardware.
Szumiąca, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Szumiąca [ʂuˈmjɔnt͡sa] (German: Königsmühl) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamień Pomorski, within Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Kamień Pomorski and 59 km (37 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kamień Pomorski
Gmina Kamień Pomorski is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Kamień Pomorski, which lies approximately 63 kilometres (39 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 208.57 square kilometres (80.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 14,389 (out of which the population of Kamień Pomorski amounts to 9,134, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,255).
Be My Guest (film)
Be My Guest is a 1965 British second feature ('B') musical film directed by Lance Comfort and starring David Hemmings and Steve Marriott. It was written by Lyn Fairhurst and was a follow-up to Live It Up! (1963). It was released as a support the Morecambe and Wise film The Intelligence Men.

American rock music producer Shel Talmy coordinated the film's musical score. Talmy also composed the title music which was performed by The Niteshades, who also appear in the closing scene. The recording, released on CBS Records, reached no. 32 on pirate radio station Radio London's chart in the summer of 1965.

Shel Talmy
Sheldon Talmy (August 11, 1937 – November 13, 2024) was an American record producer, songwriter, and arranger, best known for his work in England in the 1960s with the Who, the Kinks, and many other artists.

Talmy arranged and produced hits such as "You Really Got Me" by the Kinks, "My Generation" by the Who, and "Friday on My Mind" by the Easybeats. He also played guitar or percussion on some of his productions.
Diógenes Quintero
Diógenes Quintero Amaya (29 May 1989 – 28 January 2026) was a Colombian lawyer, human rights defender and politician. He served in the Chamber of Representatives for the Special Transitory Peace Constituency of Catatumbo between 2022 and 2026, where he became one of the most representative figures of the peace seats created after the Peace Agreement. He was killed in a plane crash in Norte de Santander while campaigning for re-election to Congress.

SATENA Flight 8849
On January 28, 2026, SATENA Flight 8849, a scheduled domestic flight in Colombia from Camilo Daza International Airport in Cúcuta to Aguas Claras Airport in Ocaña, crashed in Curasica, Playa de Belén, Norte de Santander. The Beechcraft 1900 operating the flight was carrying 13 passengers and two crew members. All 15 occupants were killed.
Circuit (computer science)
In theoretical computer science, a circuit is a model of computation in which input values proceed through a sequence of gates, each of which computes a function. Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathematical model for digital logic circuits. Circuits are defined by the gates they contain and the values the gates can produce.  For example, the values in a Boolean circuit are Boolean values, and the circuit includes conjunction, disjunction, and negation gates.  The values in an integer circuit are sets of integers and the gates compute set union, set intersection, and set complement, as well as the arithmetic operations addition and multiplication.

Model of computation
In computer science, and more specifically in computability theory and computational complexity theory, a model of computation is a model that describes how an output of a mathematical function is computed given an input. A model of computation describes how units of computations, memories, and communications are organized. The computational complexity of an algorithm can be measured given a model of computation. Using a model allows studying the performance of algorithms independently of the variations that are specific to particular implementations and specific technology.
Günther Nierle
Günther Nierle was a German conductor and organist. He was organist at the Breslau Cathedral from 1935. From 1952 until his death in 1962 he was cantor at St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden. He conducted the choir Chor von St. Bonifatius in, among others, Hans Leo Hassler's Missa "Dixit Maria", Handel's Dettingen Te Deum and Mozart's Krönungsmesse.

Chor von St. Bonifatius
The Chor von St. Bonifatius (Choir of St. Boniface) is a German mixed choir, the church choir of the parish St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden. It was founded in 1862 as a male choir and was a mixed choir from 1887. From 1981 to 2018, it was conducted by Gabriel Dessauer, who founded two children's choirs. The group sang the first performance in Germany of John Rutter's Mass of the Children and performed in Azkoitia, San Sebastián, Görlitz, Bruges, Macon and Rome. Colin Mawby composed for the choir the Missa solemnis Bonifatius-Messe for the 150th anniversary, celebrated on 3 October 2012. From 2019, the choir has been conducted by Roman Twardy who conducted in his first concert Dvořák's Stabat Mater. On 1 January 2022, Johannes Schröder became church musician. He conducted as his first choral concert Verdi's Requiem in an arrangement for small ensemble.
Raymond Sarmiento
Raymond Sarmiento (born July 24, 1992) is an American professional tennis player.

Sarmiento has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 287 achieved on 11 September 2017 and a career-high ATP doubles ranking of No. 386 on 7 March 2016.

Sarmiento made his ATP main draw debut at the 2019 Winston-Salem Open after qualifying for the singles draw by defeating Christopher Eubanks and Daniel Nguyen. He lost in the first round to Jérémy Chardy.

2019 Winston-Salem Open
The 2019 Winston-Salem Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 51st edition of the Winston-Salem Open (as successor to previous tournaments in New Haven and Long Island), and part of the ATP Tour 250 Series of the 2019 ATP Tour. It took place at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, from August 18 through August 24, 2019. It was the last event on the 2019 US Open Series before the 2019 US Open.
Vollies (TV series)
Vollies is a Canadian television comedy series, which premiered in 2021 on Bell Fibe's TV1. The series centres on the Essex-West-Essex Fire Department, a smalltown volunteer fire department with too much time on their hands because their town never has any actual fires to fight.

The series stars Jonathan Torrens, Sarah McCarthy, Alicia McCarvell, Edwina Govindsamy, Mary Austin, Brian George and James Faulkner. It was created by Torrens and McCarthy, and written by Torrens, McCarthy, Sylvia Beirnes and Mark Forward. It was shot in and around the Truro, Nova Scotia, area in spring 2021.

In October 2021, Vollies was renewed for a second season, which began filming in the spring of 2022.

Torrens received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022.

Jonathan Torrens
Jonathan Ormond Torrens (born October 2, 1972) is a Canadian actor and television personality best known for his co-hosting of Street Cents, his talk show Jonovision, and his role as "J-Roc" in the popular Canadian mockumentary Trailer Park Boys. In October 2009, Torrens began hosting TV with TV's Jonathan Torrens, a comedic newsmagazine program broadcast on the TVtropolis network. In January 2014, he teamed up with fellow Canadian Jeremy Taggart to create the Taggart and Torrens Podcast. They discuss everything from sports to politics and offer a unique perspective on current issues.
Hochelaga (film)
Hochelaga is a French language Canadian crime drama written and directed by Michel Jetté. Produced in the year 2000, it stars Dominic Darceuil as a young would-be criminal and his deepening involvement with an outlaw motorcycle club during the Quebec Biker war.

Dominic Darceuil
Dominic Darceuil (born March 20, 1972) is a Canadian actor and artist from Quebec. He is most noted for his role as Lucia in Inside (Histoire de pen), for which he received a Genie Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the 23rd Genie Awards and a Prix Jutra nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the 5th Jutra Awards.

He also appeared in the films Love Me, Love Me Not (J'aime, j'aime pas), Hochelaga and The Barbarian Invasions (Les Invasions barbares), and the television series Radio Enfer and Rivière-des-Jérémie.
Smiths Falls Bears
The Smiths Falls Bears are a Junior A ice hockey team based in Smiths Falls. The Bears compete in the Central Canada Hockey League (CCHL) as a member of the West Division. The team has been in existence since 1961, making them the oldest CCHL team.

The Bears are one of the "Original Five" CCHL teams, along with the Brockville Braves, Nepean Raiders, Pembroke Lumber Kings, and Rockland Nationals. They have won four Bogart Cup championships, between 1964 and 1975. The Bears have also won the Fred Page Cup twice in a row in 1974 and 1975.

The first facility to host the Bears was the original Smiths Falls Memorial Community Centre, the league's former oldest facility. They played at the Memorial Community Centre beginning in 1948 and concluding in 2010, when they moved to the new Smiths Falls Memorial Community Centre.

Smiths Falls
Smiths Falls is a town in Eastern Ontario, Canada, 78 kilometres (48 mi) southwest of Ottawa. As of the 2021 census it has  a population of 9,254. It is in the Census division for Lanark County, but is administratively separated from the county. The Rideau Canal waterway passes through the town, with four separate locks in three locations and a combined lift of over 15 metres (49.2 ft).

The town's name was previously spelled Smith's Falls, and the spelling Smith Falls has been used, but "Smiths Falls" is the official correct form.
Yamauchi clan
The Yamauchi clan (山内氏) were a family of rulers over what was then the Tosa Province which spanned the southern half of Shikoku island.

The province was given to the family in 1600 after Yamauchi Kazutoyo led troops under Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara. The family stayed loyal to the Tokugawa dynasty until shortly before its overthrow in 1868. The head of the family at that time Yamauchi Toyoshige became prince of the newly formed Kōchi Prefecture under Imperial rule.

Kōchi Prefecture
Kōchi Prefecture (高知県, Kōchi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.tɕi, koː.tɕi̥ꜜ.keɴ], locally [koː.tɕi]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kōchi Prefecture has a population of 669,516 (1 April 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,103 km2 (2,742 sq mi). Kōchi Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the northwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the northeast.

Kōchi is the capital and largest city of Kōchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Nankoku, Shimanto, and Kōnan. Kōchi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific coast surrounding a large bay in the south of Shikoku, with the southernmost point of the island located at Cape Ashizuri in Tosashimizu. Kōchi Prefecture is home to Kōchi Castle, considered the most intact Japanese castle, and the Shimanto River, one of the few undammed rivers in Japan.
All of Us (album)
The existence of chance is everything and nothing while the greatest achievement is the living of life, and so say ALL OF US, or simply All of Us, is the second studio album released by the British psychedelic rock band Nirvana. The album was released in 1968.

It includes "Tiny Goddess," "Trapeze," and "Frankie the Great". The album's most well-known song, "Rainbow Chaser," leads off, with its prominent phasing effects; "Tiny Goddess," a ballad, comes next. "Rainbow Chaser" was a No. 1 single in Denmark in April 1969, where it stayed in the top 10 for a month, where it was to be their only UK top 40 hit.

The cover shot is a monochrome reproduction of Les Conquérants (The Conquerors) painted in 1892 by Pierre Fritel, and depicts some of world history's most famous figures leading a procession through a mass of dead bodies.

Nirvana (British band)
Nirvana are an English psychedelic pop band formed in London in 1966. In 1985, the band reformed. Members of the band sued the American grunge band Nirvana in 1992 over the usage of the name, reaching an out-of-court settlement.
Cornelius H. DeLamater
Cornelius Henry DeLamater (August 30, 1821 – February 2, 1889) was an American industrialist who owned DeLamater Iron Works in New York City.  The steam boilers and machinery for the ironclad USS Monitor were built in DeLamater's Iron Works  foundry during the American Civil War (1861–1865). Swedish immigrants marine engineer and inventor John Ericsson considered DeLamater his closest, most intimate friend.

Eatons Neck, New York
Eatons Neck is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Huntington in Suffolk County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 1,406 at the 2010 census.

There is a United States Coast Guard station at the northern tip of the hamlet.
Fahim Fazli
Fahim Fazli (Pashto, Dari: فهیم فاضلی; born May 30, 1966) is an Afghan American film actor, motivational speaker and author.

Fazli is the most successful Afghan-born American actor in Hollywood due to the popularity of the Hollywood films he has starred in since 1999.

Afghan Americans
Afghan Americans are Americans with ancestry from Afghanistan. They form the largest Afghan community in North America. Afghan Americans may originate from any of the ethnic groups in Afghanistan.

The Afghan community in the United States was minimal until large numbers were admitted as refugees following the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Others have arrived similarly during and after the latest war in Afghanistan. Afghan Americans reside and work all across the United States. The states of California, Virginia and New York historically had the largest number of Afghan Americans. Thousands may also be found in the states of Arizona, Texas, Georgia, Colorado,  Washington, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Missouri, North Carolina, Maryland and Illinois.
Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building (1949)
The Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building is a landmark 5-story, 84 ft (26 m) office building in the Late Modern style built in 1949 as the headquarters for its namesake company. The building was designed by Paul Revere Williams, the noted African-American Architect.  The building is located in West Adams in South Los Angeles about 3.5 miles southwest of Downtown Los Angeles and 2 miles northwest of Exposition Park and USC at the intersection of Adams Blvd and Western Avenue. This was the company's second building to bear this name, the first having been built in 1928.

Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company
Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company was once the largest black-owned insurance company in the western United States, founded by William Nickerson Jr. with the assistance of Norman Oliver Houston and George Allen Beavers Jr.
11949 Kagayayutaka
11949 Kagayayutaka, provisional designation 1993 SD2, is a stony background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 23 kilometers (14 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 September 1993, by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at Kitami Observatory in eastern Hokkaidō, Japan. The asteroid was named after Japanese artist Kagaya Yutaka.

Kazuro Watanabe
Kazuo Watanabe (渡辺 和郎, Watanabe Kazuo; born May 1, 1955) is a Japanese amateur astronomer and prolific discoverer of minor planets. He was born in Hokkaidō, Japan and is a member of the Astronomical Society of Japan as well as of the Oriental Astronomical Association.

Through publications and the direction of junior associates, this asteroid hunter has been responsible for the discovery of nearly 700 asteroids, many of them in association with Kin Endate. He is the author or the co-author of the Japanese publications Asteroid Hunter (小惑星ハンター), Celestial Body Photography Manual (天体写真マニュアル), The Celestial Sky of Our Dreams (僕らの夢の星空), as well as others. He also is a frequent contributor to the Japanese periodical Monthly Astronomical Guide (月刊天文ガイド).

The minor planet 4155 Watanabe has been named in his honor.
Carl Pulfrich
Carl P. Pulfrich (September 24, 1858 in Burscheid, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia – August 12, 1927 in Baltic Sea, drowned when his canoe capsized) was a German physicist, noted for advancements in optics made as a researcher for the Carl Zeiss company in Jena around 1880, and for documenting the Pulfrich effect, a psycho-optical phenomenon that can be used to create a type of 3-D visual effect. Carl Pulfrich was the brother-in-law of Heinrich Hertz.

Pulfrich effect
The Pulfrich effect is a psychophysical percept wherein lateral motion of an object in the field of view is interpreted by the visual cortex as having a depth component, due to a relative difference in signal timings between the two eyes.
Keith Jones (Atlanta Falcons)
Keith Lamar Jones (born March 20, 1966) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for four seasons with the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) from 1989 to 1992. He played college football for the  Illinois Fighting Illini. He was selected by the Falcons in the third round of the 1989 NFL draft.

Illinois Fighting Illini football
The Illinois Fighting Illini football program represents the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. The Fighting Illini are a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and have played their home games at Gies Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois since 1923. The Fighting Illini are currently led by head coach Bret Bielema.

Illinois claims 15 Big Ten championships, ranking 4th-most among conference members, and 5 national championships, ranking 13th-most among NCAA Division 1 programs.  Illinois has had 27 Consensus All-Americans, and 15 former Illini have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame; in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, 6 former Illini have been inducted. Illinois has three trophy rivalries against Northwestern, Purdue, and Ohio State.
Sample (material)
In general, a sample is a limited quantity of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount of that thing(s). The things could be countable objects such as individual items available as units for sale, or an uncountable material. Even though the word "sample" implies a smaller quantity taken from a larger amount, sometimes full biological or mineralogical specimens are called samples if they are taken for analysis, testing, or investigation like other samples. They are also considered samples in the sense that even whole specimens are "samples" of the full population of many individual organisms. The act of obtaining a sample is called "sampling" and can be performed manually by a person or by automatic process. Samples of material can be taken or provided for testing, analysis, investigation, quality control, demonstration, or trial use. Sometimes, sampling may be performed continuously.

Type specimen (mineralogy)
In mineralogy, the type specimen, also known as type material, is a reference sample by which a mineral is defined.  Similar to the biology type methods, a mineral type specimen is a sample (or in some cases a group of samples) of a mineral to which the scientific name of that mineral is formally attached. In other words, a type specimen is an example that serves to anchor or centralize the defining features of that particular mineral.

A mineral is a scientifically named set that includes some materials and excludes others, based on a detailed published description and on the provision of type specimens, which are usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution.
Yisrael BaAliyah
Yisrael BaAliyah (Hebrew: ישראל בעלייה, lit. 'Israel on the Up') was a political party in Israel between its formation in 1996 and its merger into Likud in 2003. It was formed to represent the interests of Russian immigrants by former refuseniks Natan Sharansky and Yuli-Yoel Edelstein. Initially a centrist party, it drifted to the right towards the end of its existence.

Natan Sharansky
Natan Sharansky (Hebrew: נתן שרנסקי; born 20 January 1948) is a Ukrainian-born, Israeli politician, professional chess player and author. He served as Chairman of the Executive for the Jewish Agency from June 2009 to August 2018, and currently serves as Chairman for the Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy (ISGAP), an American non-partisan organization. A former Soviet dissident, he spent nine years imprisoned as a refusenik during the 1970s and 1980s.
Fritz Bauer Prize
The Fritz Bauer Prize (German: Fritz Bauer-Preis) is a prize awarded by the Humanist Union, established in 1968 in memory of its founder, Fritz Bauer, the longtime Attorney General of Hesse. The Humanist Union presents the award to those who have excelled in contributions to the humanization, liberalization and democratization of the judiciary.

Since 2013, the Fritz Bauer Prize for Social Engagement has also been awarded by the Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium, where Bauer completed his secondary education. This prize was initiated by the jurist Herta Däubler-Gmelin.

In 2014, the German Federal Minister of Justice Heiko Maas established the Fritz Bauer Study Prize for Human Rights and Contemporary Legal History, awarded for doctoral theses in law that address Fritz Bauer, his work, or related themes. The prize is awarded every two years by the Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection.

Humanist Union
The Humanist Union (German: Humanistische Union, HU) is a German civil rights organization. Their targets include the enforcement of freedom of information, direct democracy and the abolition of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. Part of its program are the separation of church and state; it takes a critical stance on constitutional privileges granted to philosophical and religious organizations and against religious education. The Humanist Union was founded in 1961 in Munich and is the oldest existing civil rights organization in the Federal Republic of Germany. It has about 1,200 members. The Humanist Union is a member of the European Civil Liberties Network. It has awarded the Fritz Bauer Prize since 1968.