hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fall factor
In lead climbing using a dynamic rope, the fall factor (f) is the ratio of the height (h) a climber falls before the climber's rope begins to stretch and the rope length (L) available to absorb the energy of the fall,

It is the main factor determining the violence of the forces acting on the climber and the gear.

As a numerical example, consider a fall of 20 feet that occurs with 10 feet of rope out (i.e., the climber has placed no protection and falls from 10 feet above the belayer to 10 feet below—a factor 2 fall). This fall produces far more force on the climber and the gear than if a similar 20 foot fall had occurred 100 feet above the belayer. In the latter case (a fall factor of 0.2), the rope acts like a bigger, longer rubber band, and its stretch more effectively cushions the fall.

Via ferrata
A via ferrata (Italian for "iron path", plural vie ferrate or in English via ferratas) is a protected climbing route found in the Alps and certain other alpine locations.  The protection includes steel fixtures such as cables and railings to arrest the effect of any fall, which the climber can either hold onto or clip into using climbing protection.  Some via ferratas can also include steel fixtures that provide aid in overcoming the obstacles encountered, including steel ladders and steel steps.
Míchel (footballer, born 1963)
José Miguel González Martín del Campo, known as Míchel (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmitʃel]; born 23 March 1963), is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a right midfielder, currently a manager.

He spent over a decade at Real Madrid, making 561 competitive appearances during his spell while scoring 130 goals. He won several titles with the club, including six La Liga championships and two UEFA Cups.

Míchel earned 66 caps for Spain from 1985 to 1992, and appeared for the nation in two World Cups (scoring four goals in the 1990 edition) and Euro 1988. He started working as a manager in 2005, notably leading Olympiacos to two Super League Greece accolades.

UEFA Euro 1988
The 1988 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in West Germany from 10 to 25 June 1988. It was the eighth UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and supported by UEFA. France were the defending champions, but failed to qualify. The tournament crowned the Netherlands as European champions for the first time.

Euro 1988 was a rare instance of a major football tournament ending without a single sending-off or goalless draw, nor any knockout matches going to extra time or penalties. This was the final European Championship to feature teams from West Germany and the Soviet Union, as the West and East Germans reunified to become Germany in 1990, and the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 countries in 1991.
Don Kozak
Donald Kozak (born February 2, 1952) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward. During his career he played for the Los Angeles Kings and Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL), as well as several teams in the minor leagues. Kozak played junior for the Saskatoon Blades, Swift Current Broncos, and Edmonton Oil Kings before being selected by the Kings in the 1972 NHL Amateur Draft. He made his professional debut that year with Los Angeles, playing with the Kings until 1978. He would spend part of a season with the Canucks before finishing his career in the minor leagues, ending with a season in Germany before retiring in 1982. Kozak played a total of 437 games in the NHL.

Swift Current Broncos
The Swift Current Broncos are a Canadian major junior ice hockey team based in Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Founded in 1967, the Broncos relocated to Lethbridge, Alberta in 1974, and were known as the Lethbridge Broncos, before returning to Swift Current in 1986. The team plays in the East Division of the Western Hockey League's Eastern Conference, and hosts games at Innovation Credit Union iPlex. Swift Current is the smallest city with a team in the WHL, and the second smallest across the entire Canadian Hockey League. The Broncos are three-time WHL playoff champions, and won the 1989 Memorial Cup. Before any of their championships, the Broncos were known for a 1986 team bus crash that resulted in the deaths of four players.
Rick Ware Racing
Rick Ware Racing (RWR) is an American motorsports team which currently competes in the NASCAR Cup Series, ARCA Menards Series, ARCA Menards Series East, American Flat Track, and NHRA Mission Foods Drag Racing Series. The team has previously competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, the NTT IndyCar Series, and Asian Le Mans.

Garrett Smithley
Garrett Kirk Smithley (born April 27, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 0 Chevrolet Camaro SS for SS-Green Light Racing with BRK Racing. He has previously competed in the NASCAR Cup Series, NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, and ARCA Menards Series.
American University of Madaba
The American University of Madaba (Arabic: الجامعة الاميركية في مادبا) is a non-profit university located in Madaba, Jordan. It opened in October 2011, and expects to eventually accommodate 8,000 students once the campus is completed. The standards of teaching qualifications and experience satisfy the accreditation requirements of the Higher Education Accreditation Commission (HEAC) in Jordan.

The university is established by the Latin Patriarchate in Jerusalem which received the license from the Higher Education Council of Jordan in 2005 under the name of the University of Madaba. On 9 May 2009, Pope Benedict XVI laid the cornerstone of the university, whose name was later changed to become the American University of Madaba (AUM) as of 29 May 2011. The official inauguration took place on 30 May 2013 in the presence of the King of Jordan Abdullah II and of the Pope's representative, Cardinal Leonardo Sandri.

Madaba
Madaba (Arabic: مادبا; Biblical Hebrew: מֵידְבָא‎ Mēḏəḇāʾ; Ancient Greek: Μήδαβα) is the capital city of Madaba Governorate in central Jordan, with a population of about 60,000. It is best known for its Byzantine and Umayyad mosaics, especially a large Byzantine-era mosaic map of the Holy Land. Madaba is located 30 kilometres (19 miles) south-west of the capital Amman.
Fogueteiro
Fogueteiro is a locality of the parish of Amora, in the municipality of Seixal, Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugal. It is situated near the river Tagus, north of the A2 motorway. It is served by the railway station Fogueteiro, on the Fertagus railway from central Lisbon to Setúbal.

Fertagus
Fertagus is a commuter rail operator connecting Lisbon, Portugal's capital, to suburbs on the Setúbal Peninsula, located to the south across the Tagus River.  Fertagus crosses the river over the Ponte 25 de Abril.

Fertagus is owned by the Portuguese transportation company, Grupo Barraqueiro. The company's name derives from caminhos-de-ferro, meaning railway, and the Latin form of the river Tagus (which coincides with the English name).

Fertagus is the first private rail operator in Portugal. The company pays Infraestruturas de Portugal (IP) a fee for use of its infrastructure.

Fertagus transports 70,000 passengers daily.
Hanno Koffler
Hanno Koffler (born March 25, 1980) is a German actor and musician. His most famous films include Summer Storm,  Krabat and Free Fall. He also starred in the Oscar-nominated film, Never Look Away (2018), directed by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck.

Beat (TV series)
Beat is a German thriller television series, created and directed by Marco Kreuzpaintner, which was first released on Amazon Prime Video on 9 November 2018. After You Are Wanted, it is the second German-language Amazon Original Series. It was awarded a 2019 Grimme-Preis for fiction.

On 30 April 2019, it was announced that Beat would not return for a second season.
The Road to Calvary
The Road to Calvary (Russian: Хождение по мукам, romanized: Khozhdeniye po mukam, lit. 'Walking Through Torments'), also translated as Ordeal, is a trilogy of novels by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, tracing the fate of the Russian intelligentsia on the eve of, during, and after the revolution of 1917. It consists of the novels Sisters (1918–1922; «Сёстры»), The Eighteenth Year (1927–1928; «Восемнадцатый год») and Gloomy Morning (1940–1941; «Хмурое утро»). The first part was written for the émigré  readers, while the rest was written as a work of Socialist realism.

Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy
Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Алексей Николаевич Толстой; 10 January 1883 [O.S. 29 December 1882] – 23 February 1945) was a Russian writer whose works span across many genres, but mainly belonged to science fiction and historical fiction.

Despite having opposed the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, he was able to return to Russia six years later and live a privileged life as a highly paid author, reputedly a millionaire, who adapted his writings to conform to the line laid down by the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
Jimmy Sebring
James Dennison Sebring  (March 22, 1882 – December 22, 1909) was an American professional baseball player who played outfield from 1902 to 1909. He attended college at Bucknell University. He played in the 1903 World Series with the Pittsburgh Pirates and was the first player in World Series history to hit a home run. He died of Bright's disease in 1909.

In 363 games over 5 seasons, Sebring compiled a .261 batting average (368-for-1411) with 178 runs, 6 home runs and 168 RBIs. In the 1903 World Series, he batted .333 (10-for-30) with 3 runs, 1 home run and 4 RBI. The home run was the first one in World Series history.

Bright's disease
Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that are described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. It was characterized by swelling and the presence of albumin in the urine. It was frequently accompanied by high blood pressure and heart disease.
Third periodic review of Westminster constituencies
The third periodic review of Westminster constituencies was undertaken in the United Kingdom between 1976 and 1983 by the four boundary commissions. The reviews took account of the major local government reorganisations that had become effective in 1974, and resulted in significant changes to the electoral map. The previous 635 seats were replaced with 650 constituencies, of which 90% were newly created or significantly revised. The new boundaries were first used for the 1983 general election.

Colchester (UK Parliament constituency)
Colchester is a constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Pam Cox of the Labour Party.

The seat was previously held by Conservative MP Will Quince, who announced in June 2023 that he would not be standing for re-election.
Mike Chapman
Michael Donald Chapman OAM (born 13 April 1947) is an Australian record producer and songwriter who was a major force in the British pop music industry in the 1970s. He created a string of hit singles for artists including The Sweet, Suzi Quatro, Smokie, Mud and Racey with business partner Nicky Chinn, creating a sound that became identified with the "Chinnichap" brand. He later produced breakthrough albums for Blondie and the Knack. Chapman received a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in the 2014 Australia Day Honours.

Toni Basil
Antonia Christina Basilotta (born September 22, 1943), better known by her stage name Toni Basil, is an American singer, choreographer, dancer, actress, and director. "Mickey", her cover of "Kitty", topped the charts in the US, Canada and Australia and hit the top ten in several other countries.
Panela cheese
Queso panela (panela cheese) is a fresh cheese common in Mexico made from pasteurized cow's milk. It is also known as queso canasta or queso de la canasta. It is derived from the Greek word for basket cheese. The cheese also has similarities to the Indian cheese paneer.

Like related cheeses, panela cheese is often used as a garnish and as a filling in its crumbled form.  It may also be fried, since it holds its shape and does not melt very easily. Although it becomes softer when heated, it generally retains its shape instead of melting into a gooey texture like some other types of cheese. It is used in many Mexican foods, such as enchiladas, tacos, nopal salads or quesadillas.

Regional differences as well as different degrees of maturation yield variation within the panela family. One remarkable regional variety is that of the evergreen mountain town Tapalpa.

Paneer
Paneer (pronounced [/pəˈniːr/]), is a fresh acid-set cheese, common in cuisine of South Asia, made from cow milk or buffalo milk. It is a non-aged, non-melting soft cheese made by curdling milk with an acid, such as lemon juice or citric acid. Paneer was predominantly used in most north Indian dishes and is now commonly used throughout India due to its versatility as an ingredient in diverse dishes.
Jessie Bartlett Davis
Jessie Bartlett Davis, born Jessie Fremont Bartlett, (September 17, 1859 – May 14, 1905) was an American operatic singer and actress from Morris, Illinois. A contralto associated with The Bostonians, she is best known for creating roles in the three classic American light operas: Idalia in Victor Herbert's Prince Ananias, Dolores in The Serenade, and Alan a-Dale in Reginald De Koven's Robin Hood. In the latter opera she performed the song "Oh Promise Me" which became a staple at weddings. The tune, which was originally performed by tenor Tom Karl in the part of Robin Hood, had failed to connect with audiences until it was reassigned and transposed into a lower key for Davis. Her version became a popular hit to the point that she became closely associated with just this one song for the rest of her career.

Robin Hood (De Koven opera)
Robin Hood is a comic opera with music by Reginald De Koven and a libretto by Harry B. Smith. The story is based on the Robin Hood legend, during the reign of King Richard I (1189–1199 AD).

The opera premiered at the Chicago Opera House in June 1890 (produced by the Boston Ideal Opera Company) and opened on Broadway in September 1891. It played at London's Prince of Wales Theatre in 1891 under the title Maid Marian. It was revived on Broadway in 1900, 1902, 1912, 1918, 1929, 1932 and 1944.
Armor Alley
Armor Alley is a combination computer wargame  and horizontally scrolling shooter for MS-DOS and Mac OS published by Three-Sixty Pacific in 1991. It is modelled on the Apple II game Rescue Raiders. Players can compete against the computer or other humans via LAN. The game supports cooperative multiplayer of up to two players per side. The player controls a helicopter armed with a limited number of munitions, such as missiles, bombs, machine guns, and napalm. The player requisitions computer-controlled tanks, infantry, engineers. Mobile missile platforms, and vans round out available firepower.

Three-Sixty Pacific
Three-Sixty Pacific was an American video game publisher and developer. Founded in the late 1980s by avid wargamers and military history enthusiasts, they were acquired by IntraCorp Entertainment Inc. in 1994.
Want Ads
"Want Ads" is a song that was a million-selling No.1 pop and R&B hit recorded by female group Honey Cone originally for their second album Sweet Replies.  A slightly extended version appears on their third album Soulful Tapestry, at which point the song became a hit. The song, recorded on the Detroit-based Hot Wax label, was written by Greg Perry, General Norman Johnson and Barney Perkins. It was produced by staff producer, Greg Perry, and features a young Ray Parker Jr. ("Ghostbusters") on rhythm guitar.

"Want Ads" was released as the first single from Soulful Tapestry in the United States in the spring of 1971 (see 1971 in music). It reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 for one week and topped the R&B singles chart for three weeks in the United States, becoming the group's most successful single and their only No.1 placement on the pop charts.

General Johnson (musician)
General Norman Johnson (May 23, 1941 – October 13, 2010) was an American R&B singer, frontman of the Chairmen of the Board,  songwriter, and record producer.  He usually performed as General Johnson, although sometimes (particularly early in his career) he was billed as Norman Johnson.  "General Norman" were in fact his given forenames, in that order; General was not a nickname, stage name or military title.
Stick Figure Neighbourhood
Stick Figure Neighbourhood is the debut studio album by the Canadian new wave band Spoons, released 1981 by Ready Records. It received some airplay, and went to the top of the Canadian University radio charts (specifically with songs "Conventional Beliefs" and "Red Light"), but it was their next studio album, Arias & Symphonies (1982) – and its best known single, "Nova Heart" – that were to bring them to prominence.

This album was recorded by Daniel Lanois at the Grant Avenue Studios in Hamilton, Ontario. Its liner notes collectively thank fellow contemporary Toronto bands The Diodes, Martha and the Muffins, and concert promoter Gary Cormier of "The Garys".

As Gordon Deppe mentions in his liner notes for greatest hits album Collectible Spoons (1994), this collection of songs "is a bit rough around the edges, but there are things on it that [are] still very interesting and perplexing."

Spoons (band)
Spoons is a Canadian new wave band, formed in Burlington, Ontario in 1979. They released several Canadian chart hits between 1982 and 1989, and in 1983, they were nominated for Most Promising Group of the Year at the Juno Awards. Their most popular songs include "Romantic Traffic", "Nova Heart", "Old Emotions", and "Tell No Lies".
Peter Inge, Baron Inge
Field Marshal Peter Anthony Inge, Baron Inge (5 August 1935 – 20 July 2022) was a senior British Army officer. He was the Chief of the General Staff, the professional head of the British Army, from 1992 to 1994 and then served as Chief of the Defence Staff before retiring in 1997. Early in his military career he saw action during the Malayan Emergency and Operation Banner in Northern Ireland, and later in his career he provided advice to the British Government during the Bosnian War.

British Army of the Rhine
British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) was the name given to British Army occupation forces in the Rhineland, West Germany, after the First and Second World Wars, and during the Cold War, becoming part of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) tasked with defending the North German Plain from the armies of the Warsaw Pact. The BAOR constituted the bulk of British forces in West Germany.
Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby
Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby is a 2006 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Adam McKay who co-wrote the film with Will Ferrell. It features Ferrell as the titular Ricky Bobby, an immature yet successful NASCAR driver. The film also features John C. Reilly, Sacha Baron Cohen, Gary Cole, Michael Clarke Duncan, Leslie Bibb, Jane Lynch, and Amy Adams in supporting roles. NASCAR drivers Jamie McMurray and Dale Earnhardt Jr. appear in cameos, as do broadcasting teams from NASCAR on Fox (Mike Joy, Larry McReynolds, Darrell Waltrip, and Dick Berggren) and NASCAR on NBC (Bill Weber, Wally Dallenbach Jr., and Benny Parsons).

The film was released theatrically on August 4, 2006, by Columbia Pictures through Sony Pictures Releasing to critical and commercial success, grossing $163.4 million worldwide against a $72.5 million budget.

Gary Cole
Gary Michael Cole (born September 20, 1956) is an American actor. Cole began his professional acting career on stage at Chicago's Steppenwolf Theatre Company in 1985. His breakout role on screen was playing Jack 'Nighthawk' Killian in the NBC drama series Midnight Caller (1988–1991). Further prominent television roles includes American Gothic (1995–1996), The West Wing (2003–2006), The Good Wife (2010–2016), Veep (2013–2019), and NCIS (2021–present). Cole starred in the films The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) and Office Space (1999); and voiced characters in the animated series Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law (2000–2007, 2018), Family Guy (2000–present), Kim Possible (2002–2007), Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated (2010–2013), and Bob's Burgers (2012–present).
Kecun station
Kecun station (Chinese: 客村站; Cantonese Yale: Haakchyūn Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 3 and Line 8 of the Guangzhou Metro. The Line 8 station started operations on 28 June 2003, and the Line 3 station started operations on 26 December 2005. It is located at the underground of Kecun Village in Haizhu District.

Before the extension to both lines 2 and 8 opened in September 2010, this station ran as part of Line 2 as a single line from Wanshengwei to Sanyuanli.

Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)
Line 8 of the Guangzhou Metro is a north-west L-shaped line on the system that runs from Jiaoxin to Wanshengwei, spanning a total of 33.9 km (21.06 mi) with 28 stations. It interchanges with Line 1 at Chen Clan Academy, Line 2 at Changgang, Line 3 at Kecun, Line 4 at Wanshengwei, Line 6 at Cultural Park, Line 11 at Pazhou, Line 12 at Julong and Chigang and Line 18 at Modiesha. All stations on Line 8 are underground. Line 8's color is teal.

Line 8 used to run as part of Line 2 until the extension to both lines opened for trial operation on 25 September 2010, and Changgang to Fenghuang Xincun started operation on 3 November 2010. With the northern extension of Line 8, daily ridership is projected to immediately reach 960,000 passengers per day, growing to 1.33 million per day in the short term and topping 1.65 million per day in the long-term.
Eschenmoser sulfide contraction
The Eschenmoser sulfide contraction is an organic reaction first described by Albert Eschenmoser for the synthesis of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds from a thioester. The method requires a base and a tertiary phosphine.  The method is of some relevance to organic chemistry and has been notably applied in the vitamin B12 total synthesis.

A base abstracts the labile hydrogen atom in the thioester, a sulfide anion is formed through an episulfide intermediate which is removed by the phosphine.

Albert Eschenmoser
Albert Jakob Eschenmoser (5 August 1925 – 14 July 2023) was a Swiss organic chemist, best known for his work on the synthesis of complex heterocyclic natural compounds, most notably vitamin B12. In addition to his significant contributions to the field of organic synthesis, Eschenmoser pioneered work in the Origins of Life (OoL) field with work on the synthetic pathways of artificial nucleic acids. Before retiring in 2009, Eschenmoser held tenured teaching positions at the ETH Zurich and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California as well as visiting professorships at the University of Chicago, Cambridge University, and Harvard.