hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is any cardiovascular disease process involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left side of heart and the pulmonic and tricuspid valves on the right side of heart). These conditions occur largely as a consequence of aging, but may also be the result of congenital (inborn) abnormalities or specific disease or physiologic processes including rheumatic heart disease and pregnancy.

Anatomically, the valves are part of the dense connective tissue of the heart known as the cardiac skeleton and are responsible for the regulation of blood flow through the heart and great vessels. Valve failure or dysfunction can result in diminished heart functionality, though the particular consequences are dependent on the type and severity of valvular disease. Treatment of damaged valves may involve medication alone, but often involves surgical valve repair or valve replacement.

Heart valve
A heart valve (cardiac valve) is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart. Heart valves are opened or closed by a difference in blood pressure on each side.

The mammalian heart has two atrioventricular valves separating the upper atria from the lower ventricles: the mitral valve in the left heart, and the tricuspid valve in the right heart. The two semilunar valves are at the entrance of the arteries leaving the heart. These are the aortic valve at the aorta, and the pulmonary valve at the pulmonary artery.

The heart also has a coronary sinus valve and an inferior vena cava valve, not discussed here.
Electronic Battle Weapon
"Electronic Battle Weapon" is a series of promotional records by The Chemical Brothers made for DJs to test in clubs. The songs have been used as tracks in several albums as well as B-sides of other singles. The greatest hits album, Brotherhood, reprinted "Electronic Battle Weapon" from 1 through to 10 as part of disc 2.

The Chemical Brothers
The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo formed by Ed Simons and Tom Rowlands in Manchester in 1992. They were pioneers in bringing the big beat genre to the forefront of pop culture.

Originally known as The Dust Brothers, they changed their name due to the existence of another band with the same name. Their first album Exit Planet Dust sold over one million copies and debuted at No. 9 on the UK Albums Chart. After attracting Virgin Records, the duo achieved further success with their second album Dig Your Own Hole (1997), which topped the UK chart. They have had six No. 1 albums and 13 top-20 singles in the UK, including two chart-toppers. They have won six Grammy Awards, including Best Rock Instrumental Performance, Best Dance Recording, and Best Dance/Electronic Album.
Data redundancy
In computer main memory, auxiliary storage and computer buses, data redundancy is the existence of data that is additional to the actual data and permits correction of errors in stored or transmitted data. The additional data can simply be a complete copy of the actual data (a type of repetition code), or only select pieces of data that allow detection of errors and reconstruction of lost or damaged data up to a certain level.

For example, by including computed check bits, ECC memory is capable of detecting and correcting single-bit errors within each memory word, while RAID 1 combines two hard disk drives (HDDs) into a logical storage unit that allows stored data to survive a complete failure of one drive.  Data redundancy can also be used as a measure against silent data corruption; for example, file systems such as Btrfs and ZFS use data and metadata checksumming in combination with copies of stored data to detect silent data corruption and repair its effects.

ZFS
ZFS (previously Zettabyte File System) is a file system with volume management capabilities. It began as part of the Sun Microsystems Solaris operating system in 2001. Large parts of Solaris, including ZFS,  were published under an open source license as OpenSolaris for around 5 years from 2005 before being placed under a closed source license when Oracle Corporation acquired Sun in 2009–2010. During 2005 to 2010, the open source version of ZFS was ported to Linux, Mac OS X (continued as MacZFS) and FreeBSD. In 2010, the illumos project forked a then-recent version of OpenSolaris, including ZFS, to continue its development as an open source project. In 2013, OpenZFS was founded to coordinate the development of open source ZFS. OpenZFS maintains and manages the core ZFS code, while organizations using ZFS maintain the specific code and validation processes required for ZFS to integrate within their systems. OpenZFS is widely used in Unix-like systems.
Fayette Stakes
The Fayette Stakes is a Grade III American thoroughbred horse race for horses age three and older over a distance of one and one-eighth miles on the dirt held annually in October at Keeneland Race Course in Lexington, Kentucky during the fall meeting. It currently offers a purse of $350,000.

Arch (horse)
Arch (January 31, 1995 – January 20, 2016) was a Kentucky-bred race horse and sire. He was a son of Kris S. and Aurora (by Danzig). Arch won the Grade 1 Super Derby and sired many notable stakes winners.
Julia Cameron
Julia B. Cameron (born March 4, 1948) is an American teacher, author, artist, poet, playwright, novelist, filmmaker, composer, and journalist. She is best known for her book The Artist's Way (1992). She also has written many other non-fiction works, short stories, and essays, as well as novels, plays, musicals, and screenplays.

The Artist's Way
The Artist's Way: A Spiritual Path to Higher Creativity is a 1992 self-help book by American author Julia Cameron. The book was written to help people with creative recovery, which teaches techniques and exercises to assist people in gaining self-confidence in harnessing their creative talents. Cameron also discusses the connection between creativity, faith, and one's spiritual connection with God.

The book outlines a 12-week program with weekly readings, creative exercises, and daily assignments including "morning pages" of free writing. Each week builds upon the last and encourages readers to build creative habits. It encourages readers to follow the program in a group, and many groups spawned internationally to facilitate the course, including seminars and workshops hosted by Cameron herself.
Ajoy Kumar Dutta
Ajoy Kumar Dutta is an Indian social worker from the northeastern Indian state of Assam. He is a Guwahati-based activist associated with several non governmental organizations working in the state. A former municipal  councillor at the Guwahati Municipal Corporation, he successfully contested the Assam Legislative Assembly elections of 1978 as a Janata Party candidate defeating Nandeshwar Talukdar of the Communist Party of India by polling close to 34 percent of the total votes polled, and represented the Guwahati East constituency in the Assembly. In 2016, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri, the country's fourth highest civilian honour, for his contributions to society.

Gauhati East Assembly constituency
Gauhati East Assembly constituency was one of the 126 assembly constituencies of Assam a northeast state of India. Gauhati East was also part of Gauhati Lok Sabha constituency. The Gauhati East constituency was the only fully urban Legislative Assembly constituency of Assam. Located in the heart of the city of Guwahati, the capital city of Assam, the constituency included areas such as Pan Bazar, Uzan Bazar, Fancy Bazar, Paltan Bazar, etc. which made it the most prestigious of all the Legislative Assembly Constituencies of Assam.

This constituency was abolished in 2023.
Radoszki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Radoszki [raˈdɔʂki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczyce, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south-east of Wilczyce, 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Sandomierz, and 76 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Wilczyce
In south-central Poland, Gmina Wilczyce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Its seat is the village of Wilczyce, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Sandomierz and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 69.94 square kilometres (27.0 sq mi); as of 2006, its total population is 3,928 (3,800 in 2013).
Mir Emad Hassani
Mir Emad (born Emad al-Molk Qazvini Hasani (Persian: میرعماد حسنی قزوینی),‎ 1554 – August 15, 1615) is perhaps the most celebrated Persian calligrapher. He was born in Qazvin, Iran. It is believed that the Nastaʿlīq style reached its highest elegance in Mir Emad's works. These are considered amongst the finest specimens of Nastaʿlīq calligraphy and are kept in several museums in the world.

Nastaliq
Nastaliq is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write Persian script and Arabic script and is used for significant Indo-Iranian languages (namely all of the Iranic and some of the Indo-Aryan), predominantly Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Urdu, Sindhi, Saraiki, Kashmiri and Punjabi. It is often used also for Ottoman Turkish, but rarely for Arabic (particularly in Iraq). Nastaliq developed in Iran from the combination of naskh and ta'liq, beginning in the 13th century and remains widely used in Iran, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and other countries for written poetry and as a form of art.
Chikkamma
Chikkamma (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1969 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by R. Sampath and produced by M. Chandra Kumar and B. V. Anand. The film stars Rajkumar, Jayanthi, Balakrishna and Narasimharaju. The film had musical score by T. V. Raju. The film is a remake of 1966 movie Chitthi.

Jayanthi (actress)
Kamala Kumari (6 January 1945 – 26 July 2021), known by her stage name Jayanthi, was an Indian actress known for her work in Kannada cinema and Telugu cinema. She was noted for her contributions to different genres of films from the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s. She had appeared in over 500 films in various languages, including Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi and Marathi.

Jayanthi has been recipient of seven Karnataka State Film Awards, four times as Best Actress and twice as Best Supporting Actress, the President's Medal for Best Actress and two Filmfare Awards for Best Actress. She has been cited as Kannada cinema's "most bold and beautiful" actress by various media outlets, a title for which she has received substantial publicity. The Kannada film industry honored her with the title "Abhinaya Sharadhe", (Goddess Sharada in acting).
Mass suicide
Mass suicide is a form of suicide, occurring when a group of people simultaneously kill themselves. Mass suicide sometimes occurs in religious settings. In war, defeated groups may resort to mass suicide rather than being captured. Suicide pacts are a form of mass suicide that are sometimes planned or carried out by small groups of depressed or hopeless people. Mass suicides have been used as a form of political protest.

Attitudes towards mass suicide change according to place and circumstance. People who resort to mass suicide rather than submit to what they consider intolerable oppression sometimes become the focus of a heroic myth. Such mass suicides might also win the grudging respect of the victors. On the other hand, the act of people resorting to mass suicide without being threatened – especially, when driven to this step by a charismatic religious leader, for reasons which often seem obscure – tends to be regarded far more negatively.

Suicide pact
A suicide pact is an agreed plan between two or more individuals to die by suicide. The plan may be to die together, or separately and closely timed.

In England and Wales, a suicide pact is a partial defense, under section 4 of the Homicide Act 1957, which reduces the charge of murder to manslaughter. In Northern Ireland, this defense is created by section 14 of the Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 20) (N.I.).
Crynoch Burn
Crynoch Burn is a stream in Aberdeenshire that is a tributary to the River Dee.  This stream rises somewhat above Netherley and flows near Netherley House; and thence into the Red Moss, a significant natural bog habitat; thence near the historic Lairhillock Inn; and finally by the village of Maryculter and through Oldman Wood before discharge to the Dee.  Headwaters areas include the northern and western slopes of Meikle Carewe Hill and the northern slopes of Curlethney Hill.

The soils near its mouth at the River Dee are light and sandy, and the pH level of these greenish brown waters is approximately 8.05, or slightly alkaline.

Red Moss, Aberdeenshire
Red Moss is a wetland bog in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, located at the northwestern edge of the village of Netherley (Grid Reference NO 955 856). The moss is designated a national Site of Special Scientific Interest by Scottish Natural Heritage, due to its biodiversity and undisturbed character.  The elevation of Red Moss is 113 metres above mean sea level.  The upland areas above Red Moss are characterised as agricultural and woodland parcels which are generally attractive and separated by ancient drystone walls or hedgerows.
The Squamish Five (film)
The Squamish Five is a Canadian docudrama television film, directed by Paul Donovan and broadcast by CBC Television in 1988. The film dramatizes the story of the Squamish Five, the Canadian activist group responsible for the Litton Industries bombing of 1982.

The film's cast included Nicky Guadagni as Ann Hansen, Michael McManus as Brent Taylor, Robyn Stevan as Juliet Belmas, Albert Schultz as Doug Stewart, and David McLeod as Gerry Hannah.

The film faced some criticism for centring Belmas' perspective over those of the other members of the group; however, the producers noted that since Belmas was the only one of the five who had agreed to cooperate with the filmmakers, hers was the only perspective available to build the film's story around.

The film received a preview screening on September 16, 1988, at the 1988 Toronto International Film Festival, in advance of its television premiere on November 6.

Squamish Five
The Squamish Five (sometimes referred to as the Vancouver Five) were a group of self-styled "urban guerrillas" active in Canada during the early 1980s. Their chosen name was Direct Action. The five were Ann Hansen, Brent Taylor, Juliet Caroline Belmas, Doug Stewart and Gerry Hannah.
Chaenostoma cordatum
Chaenostoma cordatum, also known as Sutera cordata, Bacopa cordata, Sutera diffusus, Pikmin flower, or Bacopa (not to be confused with the genus Bacopa), is one of 52 species in the genus Chaenostoma (Scrophulariaceae), and is native to South Africa.

Bacopa
Bacopa is a genus of 60 aquatic plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. It is commonly known as waterhyssop (or water hyssop, though this is more misleading as Bacopa is not very closely related to hyssop but simply has a somewhat similar appearance).
Schismatic temperament
A schismatic temperament is a musical tuning system that results from tempering the schisma of 32805:32768 (1.9537 cents) to a unison. It is also called the schismic temperament, Helmholtz temperament, or quasi-Pythagorean temperament.

Musical tuning
In music, there are two common meanings for tuning:

Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice.

Tuning systems, the various systems of pitches used to tune an instrument, and their theoretical bases.
Mike Dennery
Mike Dennery (born June 25, 1950) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for three seasons with the Oakland Raiders and Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Southern Miss Golden Eagles.

Southern Miss Golden Eagles football
The Southern Miss Golden Eagles football program represents the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. They play college football in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The Eagles are currently members of the Sun Belt Conference and play their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Plateau Station
Plateau Station is an inactive American research and South Pole–Queen Maud Land Traverse support base on the central Antarctic Plateau. Construction on the site started on December 13, 1965, and the first traverse team (named SPQML II) arrived in early 1966. The base was in continuous use until January 29, 1969, when it was closed but mothballed for future use, and was the most remote and coldest of any United States stations on the continent. It was also the site for the world's coldest measured average temperature for a month at that time, recorded in July 1968, at −99.8 °F (−73.2 °C).

South Pole–Queen Maud Land Traverse
The South Pole–Queen Maud Land Traverse (SPQMLT) was a three-part scientific exploration of Antarctica undertaken by the United States in the 1960s.
The three parts, referred to individually as South Pole–Queen Maud Land Traverse I, II, and III (SPQMLT-1, -2, and -3), traveled a zigzag route across nearly 4200 km of the Antarctic Plateau in the austral summers of 1964–1965, 1965–1966, and 1967–1968.
The participants included scientists from Belgium, Norway, and the United States.
Their objectives included determining the thickness of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, the elevation and slope of its surface, the rate of ice accumulation, and the subglacial topography.
Other objectives included measuring the density and temperature of the ice at depth, measuring the geomagnetic field and gravity, and obtaining snow samples and ice cores.
Tony Jones (wrestler)
Anthony Jones (April 6, 1971 – April 11, 2024) was an American professional wrestler who competed in North American independent promotions, specifically California-based All Pro Wrestling, Ultimate Pro Wrestling and Xtreme Pro Wrestling.

Jones also had stints in World Wrestling Entertainment in 1998, 2001, 2003, and 2007 although he is best known for his appearance with sometimes tag team partner Mike Modest in Barry W. Blaustein's 1999 documentary Beyond the Mat.

Beyond the Mat
Beyond the Mat is a 1999 American documentary film directed, written, produced and narrated by Barry W. Blaustein. The film focuses on the lives of professional wrestlers outside of the ring, primarily Mick Foley, Terry Funk, and Jake Roberts, as well as some aspiring wrestlers. It focuses on the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) during its rise in popularity, and many other independent wrestlers and organizations. The film was originally released by Lions Gate Films on October 22, 1999, and later on VHS and DVD.
Howard Kelsey
Howard Kelsey (born 8 August 1957) is a former Canadian basketball player and two-time Olympian.  He is one of only four athletes to be named to the Canada men's national basketball team immediately out of high school.  Over the course of 11 years (1977–88), Kelsey represented Canada in many tournaments in over 400 total games, including two Olympics (1980, 1984); three FIBA World Championships; and two FISU World University Games, where Canada won gold in 1983.

Canada men's national basketball team
The Canada men's national basketball team (French: Équipe du Canada de basketball masculin) represents Canada in international basketball competitions since 1923. They are overseen by Canada Basketball, the governing body for basketball in Canada.

In 10 Olympic appearances, Canada has won one medal in basketball – a silver at the 1936 Games in Berlin. The team finished fourth in 1976 and 1984. Canada has won six medals at the FIBA AmeriCup – two silver medals in 1980 and 1999, as well as four bronze medals in 1984, 1988, 2001, and 2015. In recent decades, the team also won its first medals at the Pan American Games, a silver medal in 2015, and the FIBA World Cup, a bronze medal in 2023.

The Canadian senior national team won its only gold medal at a university-level tournament, the 1983 Summer Universiade, which the country hosted in Edmonton, Alberta.
Kurukshetram (1977 film)
Kurukshetram is a 1977 Indian Telugu-language Hindu mythological film directed by Kamalakara Kameswara Rao. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Krishna, Sobhan Babu, Krishnam Raju, Jamuna, and Vijaya Nirmala. It was produced by A. S. R. Anjaneyulu, with Krishna serving as the presenter. The screenplay was written by Samudrala Jr., while the dialogues were penned by Tripuraneni Maharadhi. Notable supporting roles were played by Kaikala Satyanarayana, Anjali Devi, Jayaprada, Gummadi, and Chandra Mohan. The music was composed by Saluri Rajeswara Rao.

The film was shot in various locations, including Mysore and Rajasthan, and is notable for its elaborate sets and innovative production techniques, particularly for its time. Despite underperforming at the Telugu box office, Kurukshetram found success with its Hindi dubbed version. The film is recognized for its technical superiority and craftsmanship.

Jamuna (actress)
Jamuna (née Nippani; 30 August 1936 – 27 January 2023) was an Indian actress, director, and politician who appeared mainly in Telugu cinema. She made her acting debut at age 16 in Dr. Garikapati Rajarao's Puttillu (1953), and received her breakthrough with L. V. Prasad's Missamma (1955). Her filmography also includes Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi films. She won a Filmfare Award and an award at Filmfare Awards South. She was a member of parliament in the 9th Lok Sabha (1989–1991) representing the Rajahmundry constituency.
Pitch drop experiment
A pitch drop experiment is a long-term experiment which measures the flow of a piece of pitch over many years. "Pitch" is the name for any of a number of highly viscous liquids which appear solid, most commonly bitumen, also known as asphalt. At room temperature, tar pitch flows at a very low rate, taking several years to form a single drop.

Long-term experiment
A long-term experiment is an experimental procedure that runs through a long period of time, in order to test a hypothesis or observe a phenomenon that takes place at an extremely slow rate.
What duration is considered "long" depends on the academic discipline.
For example, several agricultural field experiments have run for more than 100 years, but much shorter experiments may qualify as "long-term" in other disciplines.  An experiment is "a set of actions and observations", implying that one or more treatments (fertilizer, subsidized school lunches, etc.) is imposed on the system under study.  Long-term experiments therefore contrast with nonexperimental long-term studies in which manipulation of the system studied is impossible (e.g. Jupiter's Great Red Spot) or undesirable (e.g. field observations of chimpanzee behavior).
Eino Tainio
Eino Alfred Tainio (8 September 1905 – 23 July 1970) was a Finnish printer, politician and member of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. A member of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) and the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL), he represented Lapland Province between April 1945 and March 1970. Prior to being elected, he was imprisoned for twelve years for political reasons.

Lapland (parliamentary electoral district)
Lapland is a Finnish constituency represented in the eduskunta. It covers the administrative region of Lapland, with a population, as of its most recent accessible calculation in 2022, of 176,151. Lapland currently elects six members to the eduskunta.The constituency is largely rural, and the only cities in the area are small. Thus, the dominant party has traditionally been the rural Centre Party. The second party that holds major influence in the area is the SKDL/Left Alliance. The other two major Finnish parties, the social democratic SDP and conservative NCP have usually received one of the seats in the constituency. The NCP has often allied with the Christian Democrats.