hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Gem in the Tower
"The Gem in the Tower" is a short story by American  writers  L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter,  featuring the fictional sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian created by Robert E. Howard. It is a rewritten version of "Black Moonlight", an earlier story by Carter alone featuring his own sword and sorcery character Thongor (for which see below). The Conan version was first published by Bantam Books in the paperback collection Conan the Swordsman in August 1978, and was reprinted in the anthology The Year's Best Fantasy Stories: 5 (DAW Books, 1980) and later editions of Conan the Swordsman (Ace Books, 1987 and 1991, Tor Books (first hardcover edition), 2002). The collection was later gathered together with Conan the Liberator and Conan and the Spider God into the omnibus collection Sagas of Conan (Tor Books, 2004). The story has also been translated into Italian and French.

Conan the Swordsman
Conan the Swordsman is a collection of seven fantasy short stories and associated pieces by writers L. Sprague de Camp, Lin Carter and Björn Nyberg featuring Robert E. Howard's  sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. It was first published in paperback by Bantam Books in August 1978, and reprinted in 1981. Later paperback editions were issued by Ace Books (April 1987 and March 1991). The first hardcover edition was published by Tor Books in December 2002. The first British edition was issued by Sphere Books in 1978. The book has also been translated into Italian and French. It was later gathered together with Conan the Liberator and Conan and the Spider God into the omnibus collection Sagas of Conan (Tor Books, January 2004).
Anthony D. Salzman
Anthony D. Salzman is an American businessman. He helped set up the American Chamber of Commerce in Hanoi, Vietnam, advocated for lifting the U.S. trade Embargo against Vietnam (1994), the U.S.-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement that was signed in 2001, and contributed to Vietnam's integration into global intellectual property treaties in 2004.

Salzman also established the first American company in Hanoi and was a member of the founding Board of Trustees of The United Nations School of Hanoi (“UNIS”). Salzman is also the President of the Ida C. and Morris Falk Foundation.

United States Chamber of Commerce
The United States Chamber of Commerce (USCC) is a business association advocacy group and is the largest lobbying group in the United States. The group was founded in April 23, 1912, out of local chambers of commerce at the urging of President William Howard Taft and his secretary of commerce and labor Charles Nagel. President Taft's belief was that the "government needed to deal with a group that could speak with authority for the interests of business."

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce claims to represent three million small business owners, but this claim is disputed because the organization is funded primarily by the largest corporations in the United States.

The current president and CEO of the Chamber is Suzanne Clark. She worked for the group from 1997 to 2007 and returned in 2014, holding multiple executive roles before being named its first female CEO in February 2021.
Preces
In Christian liturgical worship, Preces (Latin for 'prayers'; /ˈpriːsiːz/ PREE-seez), also known in Anglican prayer as the Suffrages or Responses, describe a series of short petitions said or sung as versicles and responses by the officiant and the gathered worshippers respectively. Versicle-and-response is one of the oldest forms of prayer in Christianity, with its roots in Hebrew prayers during the time of the Temple in Jerusalem. In many prayer books the versicles and responses comprising the preces are denoted by special glyphs:

Versicle: ℣, a letter V crossed by an oblique line – Unicode 2123, HTML entity &#8483;

Response: ℟, a letter R crossed by an oblique line – Unicode 211F, HTML entity &#8479;

R
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ar (pronounced /ˈɑːr/ ⓘ), plural ars.

The letter ⟨r⟩ is the eighth most common letter in English and the fourth-most common consonant, after ⟨t⟩, ⟨n⟩, and ⟨s⟩.
Weather (journal)
Weather is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the atmospheric sciences. It was established in 1946 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Royal Meteorological Society, of which it is the "house journal". The editors-in-chief are Ben Maybee (University of Leeds) and Regan Mudhar (University of Lausanne).

Royal Meteorological Society
The Royal Meteorological Society is an organization that promotes academic and public engagement in weather and climate science. Fellows of the Society must possess relevant qualifications, but Members can be lay enthusiasts. It publishes various journals, including the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. The chief executive officer is Liz Bentley.
Murder on a Honeymoon
Murder on a Honeymoon is a 1935 American mystery film starring Edna May Oliver and James Gleason. This was the third and last time Oliver portrayed astute schoolteacher Hildegarde Withers; the two previous films were The Penguin Pool Murder (1932) and Murder on the Blackboard (1934). The film was directed by Lloyd Corrigan from a screenplay by Seton I. Miller and Robert Benchley based on the 1933 novel The Puzzle of the Pepper Tree by Stuart Palmer.  Palmer's novel, however, did not include Inspector Piper, and has Withers doing the investigating on her own.

Lloyd Corrigan
Lloyd Corrigan (October 16, 1900 – November 5, 1969) was an American film and television actor, producer, screenwriter, and director who began working in films in the 1920s. The son of actress Lillian Elliott, Corrigan directed films, usually mysteries such as Daughter of the Dragon starring Anna May Wong (one of a trilogy of Fu Manchu movies for which he has writing credits), before dedicating himself more to acting in 1938. His short La Cucaracha won an Academy Award in 1935.
Who Killed Homer?
Who Killed Homer?: The Demise of Classical Education and the Recovery of Greek Wisdom, is a 1998 book by Classics scholars Victor Davis Hanson and John Heath.

Reviewing Who Killed Homer? for Foreign Affairs, Francis Fukuyama described it as "ostensibly" focused on the decline of classical studies, but "really about the loss of a common, humanistic core in contemporary education and culture."

Camille Paglia, writing in The Washington Post, called Who Killed Homer?  "the most substantive by far of the academic critiques that have appeared in the past 15 years. This passionate protest, with its wealth of facts and its flights of savage indignation, is a must read for anyone interested in the future of higher education in the United States."

Victor Davis Hanson
Victor Davis Hanson (born September 5, 1953) is an American classicist, military historian, and conservative political commentator. He has been a commentator on modern and ancient warfare and contemporary politics for the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the National Review, the Washington Times, and other media outlets.

He is a professor emeritus of classics at California State University, Fresno, the Martin and Illie Anderson Senior Fellow in classics and military history at the Hoover Institution, and visiting professor at Hillsdale College. Hanson was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2007 by President George W. Bush and was a presidential appointee in 2007–2008 on the American Battle Monuments Commission.
Bulli Jetty
Bulli Jetty at Sandon Point, was first built in 1863 and was abandoned in 1943. During that time it was used by the Bulli Coal Company in the transportation of coal from the Bulli mine to the ships for export to other destinations.

D. H. Lawrence who visited Thirroul in 1922 and lived only about 900 meters from the jetty described it as,

a long, high jetty straddling on great tree-trunk poles out on to the sea, and carrying a long line of little red-coal trucks, the sort that can be tipped up…As a rule the jetty was as deserted as if it were some relic left by an old invader. Then it had spurts of activity, when steamer after steamer came blorting and hanging miserably round, like cows to the cowshed on a winter afternoon. Then a little engine would chuff along the pier, shoving a string of tip-up trucks, and little men would saunter across the sky-line, and there would be a fine dimness of black dust round the low, red ship at the end of the jetty.

Thirroul, New South Wales
Thirroul (/θərʊl/) is a northern seaside suburb of the city of Wollongong, Australia.   Situated between Austinmer and Bulli, it is approximately 13 kilometres north of Wollongong, and 73 km south of Sydney. It lies between the Pacific Ocean and a section of the Illawarra escarpment known as Lady Fuller Park, adjacent to Bulli Pass Scenic Reserve.
Environmental law in New Jersey
Environmental law in New Jersey consists of legislative and regulatory efforts to protect the natural environment in the State of New Jersey. Such efforts include laws and regulations to reduce air and water pollution, regulate the purity of drinking water, remediate contaminated sites, and preserve lands from development, particularly in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey and the Highlands in the north of the state. Environmental laws in New Jersey are enforced primarily by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP).

Pinelands Protection Act
The Pinelands Protection Act, passed by the New Jersey Legislature in June 1979, required the development of a Comprehensive Management Plan (CMP) for the New Jersey Pine Barrens, a relatively undeveloped, ecologically unique area in New Jersey. The goal of the CMP was to state the rules on how the land may be used.

In 1978, the US Congress had passed the National Parks and Recreation Act, which made the Pine Barrens the first National Reserve and authorized the creation of a planning entity (established as the Pinelands Planning Commission). In 1979, because of concern that this unique area would be destroyed by overdevelopment, Governor Brendan T. Byrne declared a moratorium on development in the Pine Barrens. This prompted the New Jersey legislature to pass the Pinelands Protection Act to end the moratorium while the Pinelands Commission put rules in effect to regulate development in the Pine Barrens.
1987 NCAA Division I baseball tournament
The 1987 NCAA Division I baseball tournament was played at the end of the 1987 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball.  The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its forty first year.  Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event.  Each region was composed of six teams, resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament.  The forty-first tournament's champion was Stanford, coached by Mark Marquess.  The Most Outstanding Player was Paul Carey of Stanford.

1987 NCAA Division I baseball season
The 1987 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1987.  The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1987 College World Series.  The College World Series, held for the forty first time in 1987, consisted of one team from each of eight regional competitions and was held in Omaha, Nebraska, at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament.  Stanford claimed the championship for the first time.
Bridging the Gap (Charlie Wilson album)
Bridging the Gap is the second studio album by Charlie Wilson, a member of the R&B group the Gap Band. It was released on November 14, 2000, through Interscope Records. The album debuted at number 184 on the US Billboard 200 and peaked at number 152.

Charlie Wilson (singer)
Charles Kent Wilson (born January 29, 1953), also known as Uncle Charlie, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer who served as lead vocalist for the Gap Band from its 1967 formation until its 2010 disbandment. As a solo act, Wilson has been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards and 11 NAACP Image Awards (including two wins), received a 2009 Soul Train Icon Award, and was a recipient of a BMI Icon Award in 2005. In 2009 and 2020, he was named Billboard magazine's No. 1 Adult R&B Artist, and his song "There Goes My Baby" was named the No. 1 Urban Adult Song for 2009 in Billboard.

On June 30, 2013, BET honored Wilson with a Lifetime Achievement Award. Wilson is the national spokesman of the Prostate Cancer Foundation, where there is a Creativity Award in his name. The organization donates hundreds of thousands of dollars a year to cancer research across the United States.
Church of St. Nikolaus, Lockenhaus
The Church of Saints Nicholas (German: Pfarrkirche zum Heiligen Nikolaus) is an early Baroque parish church located in the Güns Valley in Lockenhaus, in the Austrian state of Burgenland. It was built during the period of 1655 to 1669. Commissioned by Franz III. Nádasdy, the church  was entrusted to the Augustinians and was dedicated to both St. Nicholas of Myra and St. Nicholas of Tonentino, in reference to the role of Fr. Nicholas Donellan (O.E.S.A) in Nädasdy's conversion to the Catholic faith. The parish church overlooks the town's main square.

Lockenhaus
Lockenhaus (Hungarian: Léka; Croatian: Livka) is a town in the district of Oberpullendorf in the Austrian state of Burgenland. The town is well known for the annual Lockenhaus Chamber Music Festival founded by violinist Gidon Kremer.
Jan-Phillip Tadsen
Jan-Phillip Tadsen (born 10 April 1988 in Westerland) is a German politician serving as a member of the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since 2021. He has been a member of the Alternative for Germany since 2015.

Westerland, Germany
Westerland (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛstɐlant] ⓘ; Danish: Vesterland; Söl'ring North Frisian: Weesterlön’) is a seaside resort and a former municipality located on the German North Sea island of Sylt. Since 1 January 2009, Westerland has been part of the municipality Gemeinde Sylt. Westerland is part of the Nordfriesland district in Schleswig-Holstein. It is the largest resort on the island, the local transportation hub and the centre of Sylt's tourist industry.
Arthur Caplan
Arthur L. Caplan (born 1950) is an American ethicist and a professor of bioethics at New York University Grossman School of Medicine.

He is known for his contributions to the U.S. public policy, including: helping to found the National Marrow Donor Program; creating the policy of required request in cadaver organ donation adopted throughout the United States; helping to create the system for distributing organs in the U.S.; and advising on the content of the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984, rules governing living organ donation, and legislation and regulation in many other areas of health care including blood safety and compassionate use.

Hastings Center for Bioethics
The Hastings Center for Bioethics is an independent, nonpartisan bioethics research institute in Garrison, New York.

Its mission is to address ethical issues in health care, science, and technology. Through its projects and publications and its public engagement, the Center aims to influence the ideas of health policy-makers, regulators, health care professionals, lawyers, journalists, educators, and students.

The Center is funded by grants and private donations. It was known as The Hastings Center before 2025.
Carsten Eggers
Carsten Eggers (18 May 1957 – 29 September 2021) was a German sculptor and painter.
There are about 20 realistic bronze sculptures of his in northern Germany and the Netherlands.
His best-known works are a bronze bust of Rudi Carrell and a larger-than-life monument of boxing legend Max Schmeling.

Stade
Stade (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaːdə] ⓘ; Low German: Stood), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (German: Hansestadt Stade, Low German: Hansestadt Stood) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district (Landkreis) which bears its name. It is located roughly 45 km (28 mi) to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council (Ortsrat) of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.

Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.
Oshki
Oshki (Georgian: ოშკი Oshki [o̞ʃkʼi]; Turkish: Öşkvank Manastırı or Oşki Manastırı) is a Georgian Eastern Orthodox monastery from the second half of the 10th century located in the historic province of Tao, now part of the territory of Turkey. The main church, dedicated to St John the Baptist, was built between 963 and 973. The monastery is located in the village of Çamlıyamaç, in northeastern Erzurum Province, bordering Artvin Province.

Oshki monastery was a major centre of Georgian literature and enlightenment during the Middle Ages. The monastery is considered "one of the largest and architecturally most complex buildings produced anywhere in the Eastern Christian world."

It is considered one of the four Great Cathedrals of the Georgian Orthodox world.

Tao (historical region)
Tao (Georgian: ტაო) is a historical region of Georgia and forms part of the wider historical area of Tao-Klarjeti. Geographically, the region lay in the middle basin of the Çoruh River and broadly corresponded to the historical Armenian province of Tayk. In modern administrative terms, its territory largely overlaps with the Yusufeli district of Artvin Province, as well as several northern districts of Erzurum Province, including Uzundere, Olur, Oltu, Şenkaya, Narman, and Tortum.
Ekhon Nedekha Nodir Xhipare
Ekhon Nedekha Nodir Xhipare (English: On the other bank of the unseen river) is a 2012 Assamese language socio-political thriller film, with some dialogue in Hindi, starring Sanjay Suri and Bidita Bag in the lead roles. It was directed by Bidyut Kotoky and produced by National Film Development Corporation of India. The film was simultaneously made in Hindi as As the river flows.

The story was inspired by the kidnapping of activist Sanjoy Ghosh, who was first abducted in 1997 from the island Majuli in Assam supposed to be by the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) and subsequently killed. A controversy developed when it got rejected by the jury of the 59th National Film Awards in the category of best Assamese film for being "not Assamese".

Sanjoy Ghose
Sanjoy Ghose (7 December 1959 – 4 July 1997) was an Indian rural development activist known for his pioneering contributions to community health and development media. He is believed to have been killed by United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) militants in the river island of Majuli on the Brahmaputra river around 4 July 1997.
Wielopole Skrzyńskie
Wielopole Skrzyńskie [vjɛlɔˈpɔlɛ ˈskʂɨɲskʲɛ] Yiddish: וילופולה, romanized: Vyelipol) is a village (town in 1348 - 1933) in Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wielopole Skrzyńskie.

Walddeutsche
Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or Taubdeutsche – "Deaf Germans"; Polish: Głuchoniemcy – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of German-speaking people, originally used in the 16th century for two language islands around Łańcut and Krosno, in southeastern Poland. Both of them were fully polonised before the 18th century, the term, however, survived up to the early 20th century as the designation na Głuchoniemcach, broadly and vaguely referring to the territory of present-day Sanockie Pits, which has seen a partial German settlement since the 14th century, mostly Slavicised long before the term was coined.
Satakentia
Satakentia liukiuensis (satake palm, yaeyama-yashi [Japanese ヤエヤマヤシ], satakentia palm, yaeyama palm), is a species of palm tree. They are endemic to Ishigaki Island and Iriomote Island in the Yaeyama Islands, the south-westernmost of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. It is the only species in the genus Satakentia.

The genus and the species were both circumscribed by Harold 'Hal' Emery Moore in Principes vol.13 on page 5 in 1969.

The genus name of Satakentia is in honour of Toshihiko Satake (1910–1998), who was a Japanese factory owner (the 2nd President of Satake Corporation), producer of rice-processing equipment and also an expert in Arecaceae.

Ishigaki Island
Ishigaki Island (Japanese: 石垣島; Yaeyama: Ishanagï; Okinawan: Ishigachi) is a Japanese island south-west of Okinawa Hontō and the second-largest island of the Yaeyama Island group, behind Iriomote Island. It is located approximately 411 km (255 mi) south-west of Okinawa Hontō. It is within the City of Ishigaki in Okinawa Prefecture. The city functions as the business and transport center of the archipelago. The island is served by New Ishigaki Airport, the largest airport in the Yaeyamas.

Much of the island and surrounding waters including Mount Omoto and Kabira Bay are protected as part of Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park.

Ishigaki Island, like the rest of Okinawa, is culturally influenced by both Japan and Taiwan due to its location, about 300 km (186 mi) off the north eastern coast of Taiwan.
Battle of Galudoghson
The Battle of Galudoghson took place in December 1742, at a site near present-day Glasgow, Virginia, when the Augusta County militia engaged in combat with Onondaga and Oneida Indians. These warriors had traveled to Virginia from Pennsylvania under the command of an Iroquois chief named Jonnhaty, to participate in a campaign against the Catawba. The battle was the first armed conflict between settlers in Western Virginia and Native Americans. Several distinct accounts of the battle exist, with contradictory details. The Iroquois regarded the battle as an unprovoked act of aggression, while the Virginia colonists claimed that the Iroquois had raided Virginia settlements and killed livestock.: 44–47  The battle was one factor that led colonial authorities to negotiate with Native American leaders for the 1744 Treaty of Lancaster.

Conrad Weiser
Conrad Weiser (November 2, 1696 – July 13, 1760), born Johann Conrad Weiser, Jr., was a Pennsylvania German pioneer who served as an interpreter and diplomat between the Pennsylvania Colony and Native American nations.  Primarily a farmer, he also worked as a tanner, and later served as a soldier and judge. He lived part of the time for six years at Ephrata Cloister, a Protestant monastic community in Lancaster County.

As an emissary in councils between Native Americans and the colonies, especially Pennsylvania, during the late 18th century's tensions of the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), he contributed to alliances that supported the British effort.
Broneirion
Broneirion is a Victorian house and grounds on the hillside across the River Severn from the village of Llandinam. It was built by Welsh industrialist David Davies. It has been used as a training centre for Girl Guides since 1946 and has been owned since 1992 by Girlguiding Cymru. In 2022, they announced the mansion had been put on sale and the centre would be closed.

Llandinam
Llandinam (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village and community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, central Wales, between Newtown and Llanidloes, located on the A470. As a community, Llandinam is made up of the village itself, small hamlets including Plas Dinam and Little London and several farms. The village itself has a population of around 576 with 56% born in Wales.