hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jewish Supernumerary Police
The Jewish Supernumerary Police (Hebrew: Shotrim Musafim), sometimes referred to as Jewish Auxiliary Police, were a branch of the Guards (Notrim) set up by the British in the British Mandate of Palestine in June 1936.

The British authorities gradually expanded the Supernumerary Police from 6,000 to 14,000 and ultimately 22,000. Those trained became the nucleus of the Haganah, which itself became the main constituent of the Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

The other branch of the Notrim was an élite mobile force, created in 1938, known as the Jewish Settlement Police.

Jewish Supernumerary Police, Kfar Ruppin 1938

Jewish Supernumerary Police 1938

Jewish Supernumerary Police led by British army officer 1938

Kfar Ruppin
Kfar Ruppin (Hebrew: כפר רופין, lit. 'Kfar Ruppin') is a kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley, about 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Beit She'an in northern Israel. A member of the Kibbutz Movement, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 606.
Soft Eyes
"Soft Eyes" is the second episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series The Wire. Written by David Mills from a story by Ed Burns & David Mills, and directed by Christine Moore, it originally aired on September 17, 2006.

David Mills (TV writer)
David Eugene Mills (November 20, 1961 – March 30, 2010) was an American journalist, writer and producer of television programs. He was an executive producer and writer of the HBO miniseries The Corner, for which he won two Emmy Awards, and the creator, executive producer, and writer of the NBC miniseries Kingpin.
Assumption of the Virgin Between St Minias and St Julian
The Assumption of the Virgin Between St Minias and St Julian is a painting by the Italian early Renaissance master Andrea del Castagno, executed around 1449–1450. It is now housed in the Gemäldegalerie of Berlin.

Andrea del Castagno
Andrea del Castagno (Italian: [anˈdrɛːa del kaˈstaɲɲo]) or Andrea di Bartolo di Bargilla (pronounced [anˈdrɛːa di ˈbartolo di barˈdʒilla]; c. 1419 – 19 August 1457) was an Italian Renaissance painter in Florence, influenced chiefly by Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone. His works include frescoes in Sant'Apollonia in Florence and the painted equestrian monument of Niccolò da Tolentino (1456) in Florence Cathedral. He in turn influenced the Ferrarese school of Cosmè Tura, Francesco del Cossa and Ercole de' Roberti.
George Frederick Ives
George Frederick Ives (17 November 1881 – 12 April 1993) was a British Canadian army veteran, who became known as the last surviving veteran of the Boer War. Ives became known in the UK after a piece in the Peterborough Column in the Daily Telegraph. His record as oldest British veteran, at 111 years, 146 days, of any war was broken on 1 November 2007 by First World War veteran Henry Allingham.

White Rock, British Columbia
White Rock is a city in the Metro Vancouver Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. It is bordered by Semiahmoo Bay to the south and is surrounded on three sides by Surrey. To the southeast across a footbridge lies the Semiahmoo First Nation, which is within the borders of Surrey. Semiahmoo Bay and the Southern Gulf Islands in the Strait of Georgia are also to the south.

White Rock is named for a large white boulder on its beach near the promenade, a glacial erratic that migrated south during the last glaciation. The 486-ton granite boulder was kept white by shellfish-eating seabirds whose guano covered the rock so much that 19th-century sailors used it as a beacon. It is now kept white through monthly applications of white paint by the city parks department and has been a graffiti target. The White Rock Pier is located nearby.
Congregation of Divine Providence, Mainz
The Congregation of Divine Providence (Latin: Congregatio Divinae Providentiae; German: Schwestern von der Göttlichen Vorsehung) is a Catholic religious institute of women that was founded in 1851 in the Grand Duchy of Hesse by Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler, Bishop of Mainz, together with Stephanie Fredericke Amalie de la Roche von Starkenfels (1812–1857), a French noblewoman. The congregation was formally recognized by the Holy See on 16 July 1935.

The Sisters of Divine Providence began to serve in the Americas in 1876, now present in the United States, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo and Peru. They also serve in Korea.

Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler
Baron Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler (25 December 1811 – 13 July 1877) was a German theologian and politician who served as Bishop of Mainz. His social teachings became influential during the papacy of Leo XIII and his encyclical Rerum novarum.
Lydia Hüskens
Lydia Hüskens (born 26 March 1964 inGeldern) is a German politician. She has served as deputy minister-president of Saxony-Anhalt and as state minister of infrastructure and digital affairs since 2021. She has been a member of the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt since 2021, having previously served from 2002 to 2011. She has served as chairwoman of the Free Democratic Party in Saxony-Anhalt since 2021.

Geldern
Geldern (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɛldɐn] ⓘ; Dutch: Gelre, Gelder, Gelderen; archaic English: Guelder(s)) is a city in the federal German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of the district of Kleve, which is part of the Düsseldorf
administrative region. The nearby Dutch province of Gelderland is named after this city.
Bruce Barber
Bruce Barber (born 1950 in New Zealand) is an artist, writer, curator, and educator based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where he teaches at NSCAD University. His artwork has been shown at the Paris Biennale, the Sydney Biennial, the New Museum of Contemporary Art, the Walter Phillips Gallery, London Regional Gallery, and Artspace NZ in Auckland. Barber is the editor of Essays on Performance and Cultural Politicization and of Conceptual Art: the NSCAD Connection 1967–1973. He is co-editor, with Serge Guilbaut and John O'Brian of Voices of Fire: Art Rage, Power, and the State. His critical essays have appeared in numerous anthologies, journals and magazines. His art practice is documented in the publication Reading Rooms. He is best known for his early performance work, his Reading Rooms, Squat Projects and his writing and theory on Littoral Art.

John O'Brian
John O'Brian FRSC is an art historian, writer, and curator. He is best known for his books on modern art, including Clement Greenberg: The Collected Essays and Criticism, one of The New York Times "Notable Books of the Year" in 1986, and for his exhibitions on nuclear photography such as Camera Atomica, organized for the Art Gallery of Ontario in 2015. Camera Atomica was the first comprehensive exhibition on postwar nuclear photography. From 1987 to 2017 he taught at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, where he held the Brenda & David McLean Chair in Canadian Studies (2008-11) and was an associate of the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies. O'Brian has been a critic of neoconservative policies since the start of the Culture Wars in the 1980s. He is a recipient of the Thakore Award in Human Rights and Peace Studies from Simon Fraser University.
2025 Little Rock Challenger
The 2025 UAMS Health Little Rock Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hardcourts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States from May 26 to June 1, 2025.

Michael Zheng
Michael Zheng (Chinese: 郑瑞 pinyin: Zhèng Ruì, born January 27, 2004) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 148 achieved on 2 February 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 490 reached on 25 August 2025.
Ellicott, New York
Ellicott is a town in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. The population was 8,771 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Joseph Ellicott, an agent of the Holland Land Company.

The town of Ellicott is centrally located in the county, lying on the eastern edge of Chautauqua Lake and surrounding the city of Jamestown on the east, north and west.

Chautauqua County, New York
Chautauqua County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 127,657. Its county seat is Mayville, and its largest city is Jamestown. Its name is believed to be the lone surviving remnant of the Erie language, a tongue lost in the 17th century Beaver Wars; its meaning is unknown and a subject of speculation. The county was created in 1808 and organized in 1811. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Chautauqua County comprises the Jamestown–Dunkirk–Fredonia, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located south east of Lake Erie and includes a small portion of the Cattaraugus Reservation of the Seneca.
Sweet Love, Bitter (film)
Sweet Love, Bitter is a 1967 film based on the novel Night Song by John Alfred Williams. The story is inspired by the life of jazz musician Charlie Parker. American jazz pianist Mal Waldron recorded a soundtrack album for the film.

Robert Hooks
Robert Hooks (born Bobby Dean Hooks; April 18, 1937) is an American actor, producer, and activist.  Along with Douglas Turner Ward and Gerald S. Krone, he founded The Negro Ensemble Company. The Negro Ensemble Company is credited with the launch of the careers of many major black artists of all disciplines, while creating a body of performance literature over the last thirty years, providing the backbone of African-American theatrical classics. Additionally, Hooks is the sole founder of two significant black theatre companies: the D.C. Black Repertory Company, and New York's Group Theatre Workshop.
Franz Egon von Fürstenberg-Stammheim
Franz Egon Graf von Fürstenberg-Stammheim (24 March 1797 – 20 December 1859) was a German aristocrat, landowner and politician. He was a member of the House of Fürstenberg, a Westphalian noble family.

Franz Egon was an enthusiastic patron of art, who advocated the completion of Cologne Cathedral. He also erected the new church of St Apollinaris near Remagen on the Rhine. He was a member of the Prussian Upper House in 1849, collaborated in founding the Preußisches Wochenblatt newspaper, and was an ardent defender of Catholic interests.

House of Fürstenberg (Westphalia)
The House of Fürstenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈfʏʁstn̩ˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is the name of a German noble family of Westphalia, which descended from Hermannus de Vorstenberg. He was a liegeman of the Archbishop of Cologne, who was among the prince electors of the Holy Roman Empire. Hermannus held a castle for his lord called Fürstenberg ("Prince's Hill") at Ense-Höingen in Soest; this castle would give the family its name. His son was Wilhelm von Vorstenberg, the Justiciar and Castellan of Werl.
Darius Jokarzadeh
Darius Jokarzadeh (born (1993-06-25)25 June 1993) is a Welsh male weightlifter, competing in the +105 kg category.

Jokarzadeh was born in Cardiff to an Iranian father. He attended Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf, a secondary school that teaches through the medium of Welsh. He was a sport rower before taking up weightlifting.

As a junior he set an overall British records in Olympic weightlifting in the clean & jerk, lifting 215 kg at the World Junior Championships in Lima, Peru on 10 May 2013. He represented Wales at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the +105 kg event.

Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf
Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf is a Welsh-medium coeducational secondary school in Llandaff North, a district in the north of Cardiff, Wales; it is the largest of its kind in the country. Of the three Welsh-medium secondary schools serving Cardiff, it was the first to be established; the others are Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Plasmawr and Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Bro Edern. As of 2017, 36% of pupils came from Welsh-speaking homes.
Hans Kloss (video game)
Hans Kloss is a puzzle-platform game designed by Dariusz Żołna and published in Poland by LK Avalon. It was published in 1992 for Atari 8-bit computers. A Commodore 64 conversion, programmed by Janusz Dąbrowski, was released in 1993. The player controls Hans Kloss, the fictional protagonist of the Polish TV series Stawka większa niż życie, during World War II. He must find plans for a secret weapon in Adolf Hitler's headquarters, the Wolf's Lair.

Hans Kloss met with success upon its release, in part because of its usage of a popular character. It was praised by reviewers for the quality of its gameplay, graphics and music.

LK Avalon
Laboratorium Komputerowe Avalon (lit. "Avalon Computer Laboratory"), abbreviated LK Avalon, was a Polish software developer and distributor, with product range encompassing video games, educational software and other applications.
Earthrise (film)
Earthrise is a 2018 documentary film by Emmanuel Vaughan-Lee. The film tells the story of the first image captured of the Earth from space in 1968, as recalled by the Apollo 8 astronauts. The film premiered at Tribeca Film Festival on April 21, 2018 and had its online premiere on the New York Times Op-Docs and the PBS Series, POV, on October 2, 2018. In 2018, it won the Audience Award at AFI DOCS and won Best Documentary Short at Raindance Film Festival. After airing on PBS, it was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Short Documentary at the 40th News and Documentary Emmy Award.

Emmanuel Vaughan-Lee
Emmanuel Vaughan-Lee (born 1979 in London, England) is an Emmy and Peabody award nominated filmmaker, a composer, an author, and a Naqshbandi Sufi teacher. Emmanuel is the authorized successor of his father Llewellyn Vaughan-Lee, a Sufi mystic and lineage successor in the Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya Sufi Order.
Double Diamond International
The Double Diamond International was a team golf tournament that was played from 1971 to 1977. It was hosted in England for the first three years, and then in Scotland.

From 1974 and 1977 the event was preceded by an individual 36-hole stroke play tournament that was included on the British PGA tournament circuit; the circuit would later become officially recognised as the European Tour.

Tommy Horton
Thomas Alfred Horton, MBE (16 June 1941 – 7 December 2017) was an English professional golfer. He finished in the top ten of the Open Championship four times, won a number of important tournaments both before and after the founding of the European Tour in 1972 and played in the Ryder Cup in 1975 and 1977. He reached 50 just before the founding of the European Seniors Tour and won 23 times on the tour between 1992 and 2000.
Math Mysteries
Math Mysteries is a collection of five math-related educational video games for the Windows and Macintosh platforms, developed and published by Tom Snyder Productions. The games were designed to fit the NCTM standards at their time of development. The series consists of Math Mysteries: Measurements, Math Mysteries: Whole Numbers, Math Mysteries: Fractions, Math Mysteries: Advanced Whole Numbers and Math Mysteries: Advanced Fractions.

Soup2Nuts
Soup2Nuts (sometimes referred to as Soup2Nuts Studios, and formerly part of Tom Snyder Productions) was an American animation studio founded by Tom Snyder. The studio is known for its animated comedy series, its use of Squigglevision, a technique of animation that reuses frames to make the animation look more kinetic, and for its style of improvisation in voice acting.
Players Championship Finals
The Players Championship Finals is a darts tournament organised by the Professional Darts Corporation. The tournament originally featured the top 32 players from the Players Championship Order of Merit, a separate ranking system that only takes into account the non-televised Players Championship events on the PDC Pro Tour. In 2016, the field increased to 64 players.

The tournament was first announced at the PDC Awards Dinner in January 2008 by PDC chairman Barry Hearn. It was initially held from late January to February, and originally took place at the Circus Tavern in Purfleet, the venue for the first 14 PDC World Championships. For the third edition, the event moved to the Doncaster Dome. The 2012 edition took place in December at Butlins Minehead and has remained at that venue for all subsequent tournaments, with the exception of the 2020 tournament, which was moved to Coventry, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Butlin's Minehead
Butlins Resort Minehead is a holiday camp operated by Butlins, located in Minehead in Somerset, England. It opened in 1962 and remains in use today. It was known as Butlin's Minehead until 1987, and as Somerwest World from then until 1999, when it reopened as Butlins Minehead Resort.
Jesse Purnell
Jesse Rhoades Purnell (May 11, 1881 to July 4, 1966), was a Major League Baseball third baseman who played in 1904 with the Philadelphia Phillies. He batted left and threw right-handed. Purnell had two hits and scored 2 runs in 19 at-bats in seven career games. He was born in Glenside, Pennsylvania, and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Glenside, Pennsylvania
Glenside is a census-designated place (CDP) located in Cheltenham Township and Abington Township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It borders Northwest Philadelphia. The population was 7,737 at the 2020 census on a land area of  1.3 square miles.

Glenside is most notable for its entertainment, including Keswick Theatre, restaurants, recreational facilities, and parks. Glenside station is one of the busiest in the SEPTA system. Glenside is located approximately eleven miles from Center City Philadelphia.
Greater Miami Expressway Agency
The Greater Miami Expressway Agency (GMX) (formerly the Miami-Dade Expressway Authority, MDX) is an independent agency governed by the state of Florida. Since 1997, GMX has operated and maintained five expressways that run within the county.

All five expressways are all electronic toll roads, requiring the use of SunPass or a "toll-by-plate" program and does not accept cash, and the free movement sections were removed. The Gratigny Parkway, Don Shula and Snapper Creek Expressways became all electronic in 2010, while the Airport and Dolphin Expressways were converted in 2014.

SunPass
SunPass is an electronic toll collection system within the state of Florida, United States. It was created in 1999 by the Florida Department of Transportation's (FDOT's) Office of Toll Operations, operating as a division of Florida's Turnpike Enterprise (FTE). The system utilizes windshield-mounted RFID transponders manufactured by TransCore and lane equipment designed by companies including TransCore, SAIC, and Raytheon.
Inge Lehmann
Inge Lehmann (13 May 1888 – 21 February 1993) was a Danish seismologist and geophysicist who is known for her discovery in 1936 of the solid inner core that exists within the molten outer core of the Earth. She also discovered the seismic discontinuity in the speed of seismic waves at depths between 190 and 250 km, which is named the Lehmann discontinuity after her. Lehmann is considered to be a pioneer among women and scientists in seismology research.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Children Ruin Everything
Children Ruin Everything is a Canadian television sitcom, that premiered on CTV on January 12, 2022. Created by Kurt Smeaton for CTV, and originally Roku and later The CW, and co-produced by New Metric Media and Bell Media Studios, the series focuses on Astrid (Meaghan Rath) and James (Aaron Abrams), a young couple struggling to define their lives outside of their role as parents.

Smeaton described the series as inspired by his understanding that parenting "is time-consuming and expensive and frustrating. So I wanted to create a show that acknowledged that but also showed the other side, which is having a family is worth it."

Kurt Smeaton
Kurt Smeaton is a Canadian television writer and producer from Ottawa, Ontario, most noted for his work on Kim's Convenience, Schitt's Creek and Children Ruin Everything.

He began his career as an actor, most notably as a regular cast member in the sketch comedy series The Holmes Show, before turning to writing and producing.
Edmonton Oil Kings
The Edmonton Oil Kings are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Edmonton, Alberta, that play in the Western Hockey League (WHL). The team, founded in 2006, shares an ownership group with the National Hockey League's Edmonton Oilers. The team is the fourth WHL team based in Edmonton, and its identity connects to the original Oil Kings club, which was one of the league's founding franchises in 1966. The Oil Kings are three-time WHL champions and won the 2014 Memorial Cup.

Dylan Guenther
Dylan Guenther (born April 10, 2003) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a right winger for the Utah Mammoth of the National Hockey League (NHL).  He was selected by the Arizona Coyotes with the ninth overall pick in the 2021 NHL entry draft.
Poirino
Poirino is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Turin.

Poirino borders the following municipalities: Chieri, Riva presso Chieri, Villanova d'Asti, Santena, Villastellone, Isolabella, Cellarengo, Pralormo, Ceresole Alba and Carmagnola.

Chieri
Chieri (Italian: [ˈkjɛːri]; Piedmontese: Cher) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont (Italy), located about 11 kilometres (7 miles) southeast of Turin, 15 km (9 mi) by rail and 13 km (8 mi) by road. It borders the following municipalities: Baldissero Torinese, Pavarolo, Montaldo Torinese, Pino Torinese, Arignano, Andezeno, Pecetto Torinese, Riva presso Chieri, Cambiano, Santena, and Poirino.
Punta Martiño Lighthouse
The Punta Martiño Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro de Punta Martiño) is an active lighthouse on the Canary island of Lobos, near Fuerteventura in the municipality of La Oliva.

The lighthouse is situated on a hill at the north-eastern end of the island, and along with the other lights at Pechiguera and Tostón, marks the La Bocayna strait that separates Lanzarote from Fuerteventura.

La Bocayna
La Bocayna or La Bocaina (Spanish: Estrecho de la Bocaina) is a sea strait that separates Lanzarote from Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands. The island of Lobos is situated on the southern side of the strait, close to Fuerteventura.

In the 19th century, the strait was known as a safe anchorage with a sandy bottom, which shelved gradually towards Lanzarote with depths of up to five fathoms. The shore around Lobos was less hospitable, being ‘foul and rocky’. A steady trade wind could be found in the strait, although it was blocked by the hills of Lanzarote, becalming ships that were in their lee, tacking  towards Lobos was needed to regain the wind.

Large breakers were observed by one ship’s captain, produced by a heavy westerly swell. Waves up to 18 metres (60 ft) high were seen breaking on the northern point of Lobos, the sound of the waves could be heard up to six or seven leagues away.