hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pólya enumeration theorem
The Pólya enumeration theorem, also known as the Redfield–Pólya theorem and Pólya counting, is a theorem in combinatorics that both follows from and ultimately generalizes Burnside's lemma on the number of orbits of a group action on a set. The theorem was first published by J. Howard Redfield in 1927. In 1937 it was independently rediscovered by George Pólya, who then greatly popularized the result by applying it to many counting problems, in particular to the enumeration of chemical compounds.

The Pólya enumeration theorem has been incorporated into symbolic combinatorics and the theory of combinatorial species.

George Pólya
George Pólya (/ˈpoʊljə/; Hungarian: Pólya György [ˈpoːjɒ ˈɟørɟ]; December 13, 1887 – September 7, 1985) was a Hungarian-American mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics from 1914 to 1940 at ETH Zürich and from 1940 to 1953 at Stanford University. He made fundamental contributions to combinatorics, number theory, numerical analysis and probability theory. He is also noted for his work in heuristics and mathematics education. He has been described as one of The Martians, an informal category which included one of his most famous students at ETH Zurich, John von Neumann.
Bastide
Bastides (Occitan: Bastidas) are fortified new towns built in medieval Languedoc, Gascony, Aquitaine, England and Wales during the 13th and 14th centuries, although some authorities count Mont-de-Marsan and Montauban, which was founded in 1144, as the first bastides.

Some of the first bastides were built under Raymond VII of Toulouse to replace villages destroyed in the Albigensian Crusade. He encouraged the construction of others to colonize the wilderness, especially of southwest France. Almost 700 bastides were built between 1222 (Cordes-sur-Ciel, Tarn) and 1372 (La Bastide d'Anjou, Tarn).

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
Yu Guangyuan
Yu Guangyuan (Chinese: 于光遠; pinyin: Yú Guāngyuǎn; born as 郁鐘正; pinyin: Yù Zhōngzhèng; 5 July 1915 – 23 September 2013) was a Chinese economist, philosopher, and a senior official of the People's Republic of China. Yu was recognized as one of the first proponents of the reform and opening up in China and the theory of "the Primary Stage of Socialism". He was a close adviser of and speech-writer for the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.

Yu was a senior member of the Political Research Office of the State Council, a deputy president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a deputy director of the State Science and Technology Commission of the State Council.

Primary stage of socialism
The primary stage of socialism (sometimes referred to as the preliminary stage of socialism), introduced into official discourse by Mao Zedong as the initial stage of socialism, is a sub-theory of Chinese Marxist thought which explains why capitalist techniques are used in the Chinese economy. It maintains that China is in the first stage of building a communist society, in a stage where there is private ownership.
Noémi Kiss
Noémi Kiss (born in 1974 in Gödöllő) is a Hungarian writer, whose works have been translated into English, German, Bulgarian, Romanian and Serbian. The German press considered Kiss as one of the most promising writers of her generation.

Gödöllő
Gödöllő, officially the City of Gödöllő, is a city in Pest County, Budapest metropolitan area, Hungary, about 30 km (20 mi) northeast from the outskirts of Budapest. Its population is 34,396 according to the 2010 census and is growing rapidly. It can be easily reached from Budapest with the suburban railway (HÉV), and national railway (MÁV-START).

Gödöllő is home to the Szent István University, the main education institute of agriculture in Hungary. The palace at Gödöllő was originally built for the aristocratic Grassalkovich family; Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary and his wife Elisabeth ("Sisi") later had their summer residence here.

Communism saw much of the town's original one-storey housing levelled to make way for the blocks of flats which continue to dominate the town centre, as well as much of the Royal Forest and Elisabeth's Park levelled for industrial use.
Werenskiold Bastion
Werenskiold Bastion (67°26′S 65°32′W﻿ / ﻿67.433°S 65.533°W﻿ / -67.433; -65.533) is a bold rock headland that rises very steeply to over 1,000 m and forms the coastline between Demorest Glacier and Matthes Glacier on the east coast of Graham Land. The feature was observed and photographed by several American expeditions: United States Antarctic Service (USAS), 1939–41; Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) 1947–48; U.S. Navy photos, 1968. Mapped by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1947–48. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Werner Werenskiold (1883–1961), Norwegian geographer who worked on the theory of glacier flow.

Demorest Glacier
Demorest Glacier (67°22′S 65°35′W﻿ / ﻿67.367°S 65.583°W﻿ / -67.367; -65.583) is a glacier on the northeast side of Hemimont Plateau which flows southeast into Whirlwind Inlet between Flint Glacier and Matthes Glacier, on the east coast of Graham Land. It was discovered by Sir Hubert Wilkins on a flight of December 20, 1928, and photographed from the air by the United States Antarctic Service in 1940. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1947 and named for Max H. Demorest, an American glaciologist.
Duplex (building)
A duplex house plan has two living units attached to each other, either next to each other as townhouses and condominiums or one above the other like apartments. By contrast, a building comprising two attached units on two distinct properties is typically considered semi-detached or twin homes but is also called a duplex in parts of the Northeastern United States, Western Canada, and Saudi Arabia.

The term "duplex" is not extended to three-unit and four-unit buildings, as they would be referred to with specific terms such as three-family (or triplex) and fourplex (or quadplex/quadruplex) or a more general multiplex. Because of the flexibility of the term, the line between an apartment building and a duplex is somewhat blurred, with apartment buildings tending to be bigger, while duplexes are usually the size of a single-family house.

Certain jurisdictions may describe these as paired homes.

Townhouse
A townhouse, townhome, town house, or town home is a type of terraced housing. A modern townhouse is often one with multiple floors on a small footprint. In older British usage, the term originally referred to any type of city residence (normally in London) of someone whose main or largest residence was a country house.
Lines of Wellington
Lines of Wellington (Portuguese: Linhas de Wellington) is a 2012 Franco-Portuguese epic war film and television series prepared by Chilean director Raúl Ruiz and completed by his widow Valeria Sarmiento. Its title refers to the historical Lines of Torres Vedras.

The film was in competition for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival. It was also shown at the 2012 San Sebastián International Film Festival, the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the 2012 New York Film Festival. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.

Raúl Ruiz (director)
Raúl Ernesto Ruiz Pino (French: Raoul Ruiz; 25 July 1941 – 19 August 2011) was an experimental Chilean filmmaker, writer and teacher whose work is best known in France. He directed more than 100 films.
Fred Kornet
Fred Kornet Jr. (October 2, 1919 – June 22, 2018) was an American lieutenant general in the United States Army. He served as commander of the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command.

Born and raised in the Wortendyke section of Midland Park, New Jersey, Kornet graduated from Pompton Lakes High School in 1936 and then attended Lehigh University, where he majored in chemical engineering. He enlisted in the United States Army in February 1941.

Pompton Lakes High School
Pompton Lakes High School (PLHS) is a four-year comprehensive public high school in the borough of Pompton Lakes in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Pompton Lakes School District. The school serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from Pompton Lakes and Riverdale, in neighboring Morris County, whose students attend as part of a sending/receiving relationship. The high school is accredited by the New Jersey Department of Education.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 640 students and 50.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.7:1. There were 65 students (10.2% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 21 (3.3% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

The school mascot is the Cardinal.
Thorp Grade School
Thorp Grade School is a notable building located in Thorp, Washington, United States.

On July 16, 2009, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as a significant example of American rural education.

Built at a cost of $41,000 during the depths of the Great Depression using WPA funds, the building still stands and has been used continuously by Thorp School District No. 400 since its construction. A finely crafted red brick Colonial Revival structure, it was designed by the noted Northwest architect John W. Maloney.

Thorp, Washington
Thorp (/θɔːrp/ THORP) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Kittitas County, Washington, United States. In 2020, the population was 232.

The town of Thorp is 100 miles (160 km) east of Seattle, 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Ellensburg, and 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Cle Elum. It is located at the narrow west end of the Kittitas Valley, where high elevation forests of the Cascade Range give way to cattle ranches surrounded by farmlands noted for timothy hay, alfalfa, vegetables, and fruit production.

Thorp is named for Fielden Mortimer Thorp, recognized as the first permanent white settler in the Kittitas Valley. He established a homestead at the approach to Taneum Canyon (/ˈteɪn.əm/, TAYN-əm) near the present-day town in 1868. Klála, an ancient Native American village and the largest indigenous settlement in the Kittitas Valley at the arrival of the first white settlers, was located about one mile above the current town site.
1902 Copa de la Coronación final
The 1902 Copa de la Coronación final was the final of the Copa de la Coronación, the Spanish football cup competition. The match took place on 15 May 1902 at the Hipódromo in Madrid. The match was contested by Club Bizcaya and FC Barcelona, and it was refereed by Carlos Padrós.

Club Bizcaya lifted the trophy for the first time with a 2–1 victory over FC Barcelona. Bizcaya's captain and president Juan Astorquia netted the opening goal early in the first half and they doubled their lead a few minutes later thanks to Raymond Cazeaux. Barcelona only responded in the second half with a goal from John Parsons, but it was not enough to prevent Bizcaya from winning the tournament.

Juan Astorquia
Juan "Juanito" José Astorquia Landabaso (June 1876 – 23 October 1905) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward for Athletic Bilbao. He is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in the amateur beginnings of Athletic Club from Bilbao, having been the fundamental driving force behind the foundation of the club in 1898 and its official establishment in 1901, and then serving as the club's first captain until 1904 and as its second president between 1902 and 1903.

Under Astorquia's leadership, Athletic became a dominant team on the national level, captaining the Basque club to triumphs at the 1902 Copa de la Coronación, which was the club's first trophy, and then to back-to-back Copa del Rey titles in 1903 and 1904, contributing decisively in all of these victories. He also worked as a referee. A lover of sports, he was also a fan of sailing and velocipedism.
Dalian Dragon Kings
The Dalian Dragon Kings were a professional arena football team based in Dalian participating as members of the China Arena Football League (CAFL). Their home stadium was the Damai Center. In 2017, the Dragon Kings relocated to Shenyang, Liaoning, to become the Shenyang Black Rhinos.

China Arena Football League
The China Arena Football League (simplified Chinese: 全国美式室内橄榄球职业联赛; traditional Chinese: 全國美式室內橄欖球職業聯賽; pinyin: Quánguó Měishì Shìnèi Gǎnlǎnqiú Zhíyè Liánsài), often abbreviated as the CAFL, was a professional arena football league that played its games in the People's Republic of China. It featured players from the now-defunct Arena Football League (AFL) and other indoor football leagues' rosters while also using players from China or who are of Chinese descent, The six team, eight-on-eight football league consisted of four Chinese players and four "foreign" players on the field at a time. The league began play in the fall of 2016 and held two seasons, one in 2016 and another, heavily abbreviated, schedule in 2019. It was the first professional American football league to play in China. The CAFL was not directly affiliated with the AFL, instead owned by AFL Global, LLC, a company that was created by Martin E. Judge Jr.
Hilary Griffiths
Hilary Griffiths is a British conductor based in Germany. He has served as chief conductor of the Theater Oberhausen, the Theater Regensburg, the Eutiner Festspiele, the State Opera Prague, and the Wuppertal Opera.

He has performed world premieres of contemporary operatic works by Salvatore Sciarrino and Thea Musgrave. Hilary Griffiths is notable for his preference to conduct operas entirely from memory, as "it allows one to concentrate better on the orchestra and the stage".

As an opera instructor, Griffiths has taught and conducted student productions at the Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst Mannheim, the University of Music and performing arts Graz (2022), and the University of Georgia (2025).

Bluthochzeit
Bluthochzeit (Blood Wedding) is an opera (lyrische Tragödie) in two acts by Wolfgang Fortner. The libretto, also by Fortner, is based on Enrique Beck's German translation of García Lorca's 1933 play Bodas de sangre. It premiered at the Cologne Opera on 8 June 1957.
Franklin Junior High School
Franklin Junior High School is a public middle school in Franklin, Ohio, part of the Franklin City School District. The building was constructed in 1921 for grades 6-12. In 1948 the building became a four-year high school until 1954, when the Hampton Bennett School was opened. It remained a high school (grades 10-12) until 1969, when Franklin High School (Franklin, Ohio) was built. The building then became Franklin Junior High School housing grades 7 and 8.

Franklin, Ohio
Franklin is a city in Warren County, Ohio, United States, along the Great Miami River. The population was 11,690 at the 2020 census. The city lies about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Dayton and 33.5 miles (53.9 km) northeast of Cincinnati. Ohio State Routes 73, 123 and 741 pass through Franklin, while Interstate 75 is routed to the east side of the city.
Listed buildings in Berrington, Shropshire
Berrington is a civil parish in Shropshire, England.  It contains 43 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Berrington, Betton Strange, Cross Houses, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, many of them dating from the 17th century or before, and basically timber framed.   There are two listed churches, the older church All Saints Church, Berrington also having listed structures in the churchyard.  In addition, the listed buildings include two bridges, a former hospital, a milestone and a milepost, a number of pumps, some with associated troughs, and a war memorial.

Cross Houses
Cross Houses is a village in Shropshire, England, the largest village in the Parish of Berrington. It is located on the A458 road and is 4 miles south east of Shrewsbury.

Cross Houses is also the name of a hamlet south-west of Bridgnorth.
Ow! Ow! Ow!
Ow! Ow! Ow! is an album by the American musician Barrence Whitfield. The album is also credited to Whitfield's backing band, the Savages, which on Ow! Ow! Ow! constituted an entirely new lineup. Released in 1987, Ow! Ow! Ow! is a packaging of the Call of the Wild EP with five additional songs. It sold around 19,000 copies in its first six months of release. Whitfield supported the album by touring Solomon Burke and Tina Turner, among other.

Barrence Whitfield
Barrence Whitfield (born Barry White, June 13, 1955) is an American soul and R&B vocalist, best known as the frontman for Barrence Whitfield & the Savages.

White was born in Jacksonville, Florida. When he was a child, his family moved to East Orange, New Jersey, where he began singing in a gospel choir. While attending West Side High School he sang and played drums in rock, prog-rock, and funk bands.
So Vile a Sin
So Vile a Sin is an original novel written by Ben Aaronovitch and Kate Orman and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Seventh Doctor, Chris and Roz, Bernice, Jason, and Kadiatu Lethbridge-Stewart. It is the conclusion of the "Psi Powers series" and the last appearance of Roz Forrester.

Ben Aaronovitch
Ben Dylan Aaronovitch (born 22 February 1964) is an English author and screenwriter. He is the author of the series of novels Rivers of London. He also wrote two Doctor Who serials in the late 1980s and spin-off novels from Doctor Who and Blake's 7.
Rybnica, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Rybnica [rɨbˈnit͡sa] (German: Karlshöfchen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Recz, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Recz, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Choszczno, and 74 km (46 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The settlement has a population of 6.

Gmina Recz
Gmina Recz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Recz, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Choszczno and 67 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 180.13 square kilometres (69.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population was 5,740 (out of which the population of Recz amounts to 2,995, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,745).
Torre (river)
The Torre (Friulian: Tôr; Slovene: Ter) is a river of the Province of Udine in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy. It is the main right tributary of the Isonzo; the Torre together with its own tributary the Natisone drain a large part of the Isonzo basin.

The river rises in the Julian Prealps at around 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level. It flows through the communes of Tarcento and Reana del Rojale, where, as a result of the karst topography, it disappears underground. From close to the eastern periphery of the city of Udine it follows a discontinuous course until joined by the Natisone near Trivignano Udinese.

From here it flows briefly in the Province of Gorizia, receiving the torrent Judrio from the left, before returning to the Province of Udine and flowing into the Isonzo.

Idrija (river)
Idrija (Italian: Judrio or Iudrio, Friulian: Judri, Venetian Slovene dialect Juruda) is a border river between Slovenia and Italy. It separates the Gorizia Hills from the Slavia Friulana. It emerges under the Kolovrat ridge and flows southwest towards Friuli where it joins the Torre. The river was historically important as separating the Republic of Venice from the Habsburg Lands, Italy from Austria-Hungary and, since 1947, Italy from Yugoslavia.
Stade Pierre-Mauroy
The Stade Pierre-Mauroy (French pronunciation: [stad pjɛʁ moʁwa]), also known as the Decathlon Arena – Stade Pierre-Mauroy for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-use retractable roof stadium in Villeneuve-d'Ascq, Metropolis of Lille, Northern France, that opened in August 2012. With a seating capacity of 50,186, it is the fourth-largest sports stadium in France and the home of French professional football club Lille.

Initially named Grand Stade Lille Métropole, the stadium was renamed on 21 June 2013, after the death of the former Mayor of Lille and former Prime Minister of France Pierre Mauroy (1928–2013). The stadium, which hosted UEFA Euro 2016 and 2023 Rugby World Cup, can also be turned into an adjustable arena being expandable to 30,000 seats where indoor sports games and concerts take place. Therefore, multiple Davis Cup events, EuroBasket 2015 and 2024 Summer Olympics basketball and handball tournaments matches have been held in the building.

Basketball at the 2024 Summer Olympics
The basketball competitions at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France, were held from 27 July to 11 August 2024. Preliminary 5x5 basketball matches occurred at Stade Pierre-Mauroy in Lille, with the final phase staged at the Bercy Arena (not referred to as the Accor Arena due to IOC rules disallowing Olympic host venues to be named after corporate sponsors) in Paris. Retaining its position in the program, the 3x3 competitions were played at Place de la Concorde.
Lincoln High School (Canton, Ohio)
Lincoln High School was a public high school in the Canton City School District from 1926 until 1976.

The Lincoln Lions were members of the Hall of Fame Conference for football.

Due to low enrollment, Lincoln and Lehman High School were closed as traditional high schools at the end of the 1975–76 school year and became junior highs.  The Lincoln building would eventually house Heritage Christian School in 1979.

Canton City School District
The Canton City School District (CCSD) is a public school district serving students in Canton, Ohio in the United States. In the 2020–2021 academic year its student enrollment was 8,000, making it the 22nd largest school district in the state. The district operates an early childhood center, twelve elementary schools, three middle schools and two 9–12 high schools. In addition to traditional schools, CCSD also operates four alternative schools. While the district primarily serves students in Canton city limits, they also serve small sections of surrounding areas, as well as the village of Meyers Lake. Students in the northern part of the city go to the Plain Local School District instead of the Canton City district.