hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Four Tours World Championship
The Four Tours World Championship was an annual professional golf tournament that was played from 1985 to 1991. It was played between teams representing the four main professional tours: the American PGA Tour, the PGA European Tour, the PGA Tour of Australasia and the Japan Golf Tour. In 1985 and 1986 it was called the Nissan Cup, in 1987 and 1988 it was called the Kirin Cup while from 1989 to 1991 it was called the Asahi Glass Four Tours World Championship.

Each team played the other three teams in the group stage. The leading two teams then played a final, with the other two teams playing for third and fourth places. There were six players on each team. Each match consisted of six singles matches, decided by medal match play over 18 holes.

Ian Woosnam
Ian Harold Woosnam (born 2 March 1958) is a Welsh professional golfer. Nicknamed "Woosie", Woosnam was one of the "Big Five" generation of European golfers, all born within 12 months of one another, all of whom have won majors, and made Europe competitive in the Ryder Cup. His peers in this group were Seve Ballesteros, Nick Faldo, Bernhard Langer, and Sandy Lyle. Woosnam's major championship win was at the 1991 Masters Tournament. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2017.
Michael Howard (historian)
Sir Michael Eliot Howard OM CH CBE MC FBA FRHistS (29 November 1922 – 30 November 2019) was an English military historian, formerly Chichele Professor of the History of War, Honorary Fellow of All Souls College, Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford, Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University, and founder of the Department of War Studies, King's College London. In 1958, he co-founded the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

In 2013, Howard was described in the Financial Times as "Britain's greatest living historian". The Guardian described him as "Britain's foremost expert on conflict".

Peter Paret
Peter Paret (April 13, 1924 – September 11, 2020) was a German-born American cultural and intellectual historian, whose two principal areas of research were war and the interaction of art and politics from 18th to 20th century Europe.  He also wrote on related subjects.
Kona coffee
Kona coffee is the market name for coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivated on the slopes of Hualalai and Mauna Loa in the North and South Kona Districts of the Big Island of Hawaii. It is one of the most expensive coffees in the world. Only coffee from the Kona Districts can be described as "Kona." The weather of sunny mornings, clouds or rain in the afternoon, little wind, and mild nights combined with porous, mineral-rich volcanic soil create favorable coffee-growing conditions. The loanword for coffee in the Hawaiian language is kope, pronounced [ˈkope].

Hawaiʻi Belt Road
The Hawaiʻi Belt Road is a modern name for the Māmalahoa Highway and consists of Hawaiʻi state Routes 11, 19, and 190 that encircle the Island of Hawaiʻi. The southern section, between Hilo and Kailua-Kona is numbered as Route 11. The section between Hilo and Waimea is Route 19. Between Waimea and Kailua-Kona, the road is split in two: the original "mauka" route (now Route 190) and a "makai" Route 19, completed in 1975, which serves as access to the Kona and Kohala Coast resorts. In the Hawaiian language, mauka means "towards the mountain" and makai means "towards the sea". These terms are commonly used in travel directions.

Parts of the southern half of the Hawaiʻi Belt Road were known during the Territorial days as the Kaʻū Belt Road. The names "Hawaiʻi Belt Road" and "Māmalahoa Highway" refer to the road system that encircles the entire island; many sections are also referenced by local names.
North Star Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
North Star Township is a township in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 190 at the 2010 census.

Pequaywan Lake Road (Saint Louis County Road 44) serves as a main route in the township.

St. Louis County, Minnesota
St. Louis County is a county  in the Arrowhead Region of  Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county in Minnesota by land area, and the largest in the United States by total area east of the Mississippi River.
St. Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN–Superior, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Open pit mining of taconite and processing it into high grade iron ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range and is directly tied to shipping in the twin ports of Duluth and Superior. Parts of the federally recognized Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county.
Henry Cadwallader Adams
Reverend Henry Cadwallader Adams (4 November 1817 – 17 October 1899) was a 19th-century English cleric, schoolmaster and writer of children's novels.

He was the grandson of Simon Adams of Ansty Hall, Warwickshire. He was educated at Westminster School, Winchester College, Balliol College (1835) and Magdalen College, Oxford (1836), becoming a fellow of Magdalen in 1843.  After some time as a Commoner Tutor at Winchester, in 1855 he became chaplain of Bromley College, an almshouse for the widows of clergy.

Ansty Hall
Ansty Hall is a 17th-century country house, located in the village of Ansty, and near Coventry and Rugby, Warwickshire, which is now a four star hotel operated by Exclusive Hotels. It is a Grade II* listed building surrounded by 8 acres of landscaped gardens.
Endogamy
Endogamy is the cultural practice of only marrying within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting any from outside of the group or belief structure as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Its opposite, exogamy, describes the social norm of marriage outside of the group.

Endogamy is common in many cultures and ethnic groups. Several religious and ethnic religious groups are traditionally more endogamous, although sometimes mating outside of the group occurs with the added dimension of requiring marital religious conversion. This permits an exogamous marriage, as the convert, by accepting the partner's religion, becomes accepted within the endogamous group. Endogamy may result in a higher rate of recessive gene–linked genetic disorders.

Ethnic religion
In religious studies, an ethnic religion or ethnoreligion is a religion or belief associated with notions of heredity and a particular ethnicity. Ethnic religions are often distinguished from universal religions, such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism which are not limited in ethnic, national or racial scope.
Z-Stoff
Z-Stoff ([t͡sɛt ʃtɔf], "substance Z") was a name for calcium permanganate or sodium permanganate mixed in water. It was normally used as a catalyst for T-Stoff (high-test peroxide) in military rocket programs by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Z-Stoff was used in the cold engine of the Messerschmitt Me 163 A airplane, in the earlier, self-contained HWK 109-500 Starthilfe RATO booster motor for crewed aircraft (usually in pairs or multiples of two for such uses), and a smaller derivation of the Starthilfe unit, the HWK 109-507 booster engine used with the Henschel Hs 293 anti-ship guided missile. T-Stoff decomposed by Z-Stoff was commonly used by World War II German military to generate steam for powering of fuel pumps in airplanes and rockets.

The reaction produces manganese dioxide, which tends to clog the steam generators. Later generations of the Walter Rocket used solid-state catalyst instead of its water solution.

JATO
JATO (acronym for jet-assisted take-off) is a type of assisted take-off for helping overloaded aircraft into the air by providing additional thrust in the form of small rockets.  The term JATO is used interchangeably with the (more specific) term RATO, for rocket-assisted take-off (or, in RAF parlance, RATOG, for rocket-assisted take-off gear).
Cazzano Sant'Andrea
Cazzano Sant'Andrea (Bergamasque: Cazzà) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Bergamo.

Cazzano Sant'Andrea borders the following municipalities: Casnigo, Cene, Gandino, Leffe.

Cene, Lombardy
Cene (Bergamasque: Scé) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Bergamo.

Cene borders the following municipalities: Albino, Bianzano, Casnigo, Cazzano Sant'Andrea, Fiorano al Serio, Gaverina Terme, Gazzaniga, Leffe.
Skardu
Skardu (Urdu: سکردو, romanised: skardū, Tibetan script: སྐར་མདོ, pronounced [skərduː]) is a city located in Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. Skardu serves as the capital of Skardu District and the Baltistan Division. It is situated at an average elevation of nearly 2,500 metres (8,202 feet) above sea level in the Skardu Valley, at the confluence of the Indus and Shigar rivers.

Skardu is an important gateway to the eight-thousanders of the nearby Karakoram mountain range. The Indus River running through the region separates the Karakoram from the Ladakh Range.

Skardu Valley
The Skardu Valley (Urdu: وادی سکردو) is located in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. The valley is about 10 km wide and 40 km long.  It is at the confluence of the Shigar River and Indus River. Surrounded by the giagantic Karakoram and Himalayas ranges and with its nearby lakes, it is an important tourist destination in Pakistan.
Skardu is the main town of Baltistan along the wide bank of the river Indus. Skardu is the largest district of the former Northern Areas, now called Gilgit-Baltistan. Baltistan is home to some of the highest peaks in the world, the Karakoram Range, Skardu is very popular with mountaineering expeditions. It is equally popular with high altitude trekkers, who treks to Baltoro Glacier, the K2 Base Camp and Concordia.  Skardu by road, lies approximately 5 hours away from Gilgit and 10 hours drive from Besham.
Schlect House
The Schlect House is a Shingle Style house at 5804 West Race Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, United States.  The house was built in 1887 by Fredrick R. Schlock for his aunt Catherine Schlect. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on January 20, 1999.

The Commission on Chicago Landmarks added a historical marker near this home in honor of four Schock-designed homes in the Austin neighborhood.

Austin, Chicago
Austin is one of the 77 officially-designated community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Located on the city's West Side, it is the third-largest community area by population (behind the Near North Side and Lake View) and the second-largest geographically (behind South Deering). Austin's eastern boundary is the Belt Railway located just east of Cicero Avenue. Its northernmost border is the Milwaukee District West Line. Its southernmost border is at Roosevelt Road from the Belt Railway west to Austin Boulevard. The northernmost portion, north of North Avenue, extends west to Harlem Avenue, abutting Elmwood Park. In addition to Elmwood Park, Austin also borders the suburbs of Cicero and Oak Park.
Haircut (short story)
"Haircut" is a short story by American writer Ring Lardner, first published in 1925. It is told from the perspective of a loquacious barber (solely in monologue; the barber is the only speaker) as he recounts the story of a recently-deceased town prankster named Jim Kendall.

The story is a bleak satire on warped small-town morality and considered Lardner’s most famous work outside of sports writing.

Ring Lardner
Ringgold Wilmer Lardner (March 6, 1885 – September 25, 1933) was an American sports columnist and short story writer best known for his satirical writings on sports, marriage, and the theatre. His contemporaries—Ernest Hemingway, Virginia Woolf, and F. Scott Fitzgerald—all professed strong admiration for his writing, and author John O'Hara directly attributed his understanding of dialogue to him.
Pacific Coast Railway Company Grain Warehouse
The Pacific Coast Railway Company Grain Warehouse is a warehouse building located at 65 Higuera St. in San Luis Obispo, California. The warehouse is the only surviving building from the Pacific Coast Railway's headquarters as well as the only extant grain storage building in San Luis Obispo. The date of the building's construction is uncertain; city records state that it was built in 1885, but it may have been rebuilt in 1892–93 after a fire. The wood frame building has corrugated iron paneling on its walls and roof, a typical design for contemporary storage buildings. The Pacific Coast Railway used the warehouse from its construction until the railway folded in 1942; the warehouse held grain grown in the region, which was at the time a major producer of grain and beans.

The warehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 23, 1988.

San Luis Obispo, California
San Luis Obispo (Spanish for 'St. Louis the Bishop'; /sæn ˌluːɪs əˈbɪspoʊ/ san LOO-iss ə-BISS-poh; Spanish: [san ˈlwis oˈβispo]; Chumash: tiłhini) is a city in and the county seat of San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, San Luis Obispo is roughly halfway between the San Francisco Bay Area in the north and Greater Los Angeles in the south. The population was 47,063 at the 2020 census.

San Luis Obispo was founded by the Spanish in 1772, when Saint Junípero Serra established Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. The town grew steadily through the Mexican period before a rapid expansion of San Luis Obispo following the American Conquest of California. San Luis Obispo is a popular tourist destination, known for its historic architecture, vineyards, and hospitality, as well as for being home to California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
Spring exhibition (Leningrad, 1969)
Spring Exhibition of Leningrad artists of 1969 (Russian: "Весенняя выставка произведений ленинградских художников 1969 года") opened in the Exhibition Halls of the Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists to  become one of notable Art Exhibition of 1969 in the Soviet Union.

Vsevolod Bazhenov
Vsevolod Andreevich Bazhenov (Russian: Все́волод Андре́евич Баже́нов; February 18, 1909 – August 2, 1986) was a Soviet, Russian painter who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation, and regarded as a known representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most known for his landscape paintings.
Battle of Nineveh (627)
The Battle of Nineveh was the climactic battle of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628.

In mid-September 627, Heraclius invaded Sasanian Mesopotamia in a surprising, risky winter campaign. Khosrow II appointed Rhahzadh as the commander of an army to confront him. Heraclius' Göktürk allies quickly deserted, while Rhahzadh's reinforcements did not arrive in time. In the ensuing battle, Rhahzadh was slain and the remaining Sasanian forces retreated.

The Byzantine victory later resulted in civil war in Persia, and for a period of time restored the (Eastern) Roman Empire to its ancient boundaries in the Middle East. The Sasanian civil war significantly weakened the Sasanian Empire, contributing to the Muslim conquest of Persia.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
Bokito (gorilla)
Bokito (14 March 1996 – 4 April 2023) was a male western gorilla born in captivity that lived most of his life in Diergaarde Blijdorp zoo in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He became the subject of considerable international media coverage after escaping from his enclosure on 18 May 2007, abducting a female visitor and severely injuring her. The incident made the silverback Blijdorp’s most well-known animal to date.

Diergaarde Blijdorp
Diergaarde Blijdorp (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdiːrˌɣaːrdə ˈblɛidɔr(ə)p]; lit. 'Blijdorp Zoo'), officially Rotterdam Zoo, is a zoo located in the northwestern part of Rotterdam. It is one of the oldest zoos in the Netherlands, and has been operated by the Stichting Koninklijke Rotterdamse Diergaarde ("Royal Rotterdam Zoo Foundation"). Divided into several zoogeographic regions, the 34-hectare (84-acre) Blijdorp Zoo boasts 562 species. It also has a shop, multiple cafes, and an information centre.

The zoo is a member of the Dutch Zoo Federation and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria. In 2007, it celebrated its 150th anniversary.
King of Hearts (1947 film)
King of Hearts (German: Herzkönig) is a 1947 German comedy film directed by Helmut Weiss and starring Hans Nielsen, Aribert Wäscher, and Sonja Ziemann. The film was the first production of Artur Brauner's CCC Films, which would later develop into a leading company in West German cinema. It was produced at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by art director Ernst H. Albrecht. In the Soviet Zone of Germany, it was distributed by the state-owned company DEFA.

Helmut Weiss
Helmut Weiss (January 25, 1907 – January 13, 1969) was a German actor, screenwriter, and film director. He was notable for directing Tell the Truth, the first film produced after the Second World War in what was to become West Germany . It was made in Hamburg in the British Zone of Occupation. Much of the film had already been made at the UFA studios in Berlin shortly before the arrival of the Red Army, but Weiss dramatically re-shot it. The film was significant in its use of outdoor locations in common with other post-war rubble films.
The Sicilian
The Sicilian is a novel by American author Mario Puzo. Published in 1984 by Random House Publishing Group (ISBN 0-671-43564-7), it is based on the life of Sicilian bandit Salvatore Giuliano. The plot is connected with  Puzo's most famous work, The Godfather (1969), and contains characters from The Godfather. It is regarded as The Godfather's literary sequel and is the second book in The Godfather novel series. It was adapted into a film in 1987, though all Godfather references were removed for copyright reasons in the film adaptation.

In this novel, the spelling of Salvatore Giuliano's name was intentionally changed by Puzo to "Guiliano". This novel, though a work of fiction, is based on the real-life exploits of Giuliano.

Peter Clemenza
Peter Clemenza is a fictional character who first appeared in Mario Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather. He is played by Academy Award nominee Richard Castellano in Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film adaptation of the novel, and by Bruno Kirby (as a young man) in The Godfather Part II (1974).
Overman Committee
The Overman Committee was a special subcommittee of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary chaired by North Carolina Democrat Lee Slater Overman. Between September 1918 and June 1919, it investigated German and Bolshevik elements in the United States. It was an early forerunner of the better known House Un-American Activities Committee, and represented the first congressional committee investigation of communism.

The committee's final report was released in June 1919. It reported on German propaganda, Bolshevism, and other "un-American activities" in the United States and on likely effects of communism's implementation in the United States. It described German, but not communist, propaganda efforts. The committee's report and hearings were instrumental in fostering anti-Bolshevik opinion.

Lee S. Overman
Lee Slater Overman (January 3, 1854 – December 12, 1930) was an American politician from North Carolina. He served as a Democratic U.S. senator between 1903 and 1930. He was the first U.S. senator to be elected by popular vote in the state, as the legislature had appointed senators prior to passage of the 17th Amendment to the US Constitution authorizing popular elections of senators. He served as a senator until 1930 when he died when he was two years into his fifth term.
Madison University
Madison University is a non-accredited distance learning college located in Gulfport, Mississippi. The state of Mississippi considers Madison an "unapproved" college. Madison is also listed as an unaccredited and/or substandard institution by four other U.S. states.  According to The Chronicle of Higher Education, Madison University has been referred to as a diploma mill by the state of Oregon.

Tuition is charged per degree, not per course, credit, or academic term. The school offers discounts for multiple degrees or for referring other enrollees. A 2004 newspaper article stated, "During legislative debate in Mississippi last year, Madison University, a school of particular concern to state officials and one identified as a diploma mill by the state of Oregon, said it enrolled 39,000 students from around the world."

World Association of Universities and Colleges
The World Association of Universities and Colleges (WAUC) is an institutional educational accreditation body not recognized by the United States Department of Education.  It is run by Maxine Asher, director of the American World University, an unaccredited school. WAUC's website claims that "laws in the U.S.A. prohibit the recognition of global accreditation associations".
Prix Albert Caquot
The Prix Albert Caquot is an annual prestigious award presented by the French Association of Civil Engineering.  It is named after Albert Caquot, a famous and influential French civil engineer. The award is given for a lifetime of scientific and technical achievements, as well as high ethical standards and influence throughout the construction industry. It alternates between French and foreign nominees.

Albert Caquot
Albert Irénée Caquot (French pronunciation: [albɛʁ iʁene kako]; 1 July 1881 – 28 November 1976) was a French engineer. He received the “Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)” (military honor) and was Grand-croix of the Légion d’Honneur (1951). In 1962, he was awarded the Wilhelm Exner Medal.  He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences from 1934 until his death in 1976.
River View with Rocks
River View with Rocks is an oil on copper anonymous copy of an original painting by Flemish painter Paul Bril. The copy of the original painting is currently housed at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. The painting was acquired by the Rijksmuseum in 1885.

Paul Bril
Paul Bril (1554 – 7 October 1626) was a Flemish painter and printmaker principally known for his landscapes.  He spent most of his active career in Rome. His Italianate landscapes had a major influence on landscape painting in Italy and Northern Europe.
Slugterra: Return of the Elementals
Slugterra: Return of the Elementals is a 2014 Canadian animated film produced by the Canadian company Nerd Corps Entertainment. It is the second film of the 2012 animated series Slugterra. It premiered on August 2, 2014, in US and August 21, 2014.

Nerd Corps Entertainment
Nerd Corps Entertainment was a Canadian animation studio located in Vancouver, British Columbia. Founded by former Mainframe Studios producers Asaph Fipke and Chuck Johnson in 2002, it specialized in CGI animation, computer animation, and Flash animation.

Aside just animation, Nerd Corps developed and produced in-house television works and produced promotional materials and creative services for merchandising and licensing partners.

It was acquired by DHX Media on December 24, 2014, who then merged it with another acquired animation studio, Studio B Productions, to form its in-house flagship division, DHX Studios in 2016.

The studio notably produced the Monster High animated films for Mattel and animated series including Slugterra, Blaze and the Monster Machines, Kate & Mim-Mim, Storm Hawks, League of Super Evil, Hot Wheels Battle Force 5, and Max Steel.