hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church
John Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church at 101 E. Court Street in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. The church was founded in 1866 by James R. Rosemond, who was a former slave. It was originally named Silver Hill United Methodist Episcopal Church, and was renamed after John Wesley in 1902.

The current building was built in 1899 and added to the National Register in 1978.

James R. Rosemond
James R. Rosemond (Jim McBee; 1 February 1820 – 1902) was an American Methodist Episcopal preacher who was a former slave. He was born in Greenville, South Carolina to Abraham and Peggy, and was eventually sold to entrepreneur Vardry McBee. Rosemond was baptized in 1844. He became a leader in the local Methodist Episcopal, South church, and was licensed to preach on September 12, 1854.

Rosemond was emancipated after the American Civil War. As part of the Methodist Episcopal post-war outreach, he organized 50 churches for Black communities in the South, including the John Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church in Greenville in 1866. In 1867, he attended the Baker Theological Institute and was ordained a deacon. In 1868, he was ordained an elder. He died in 1902 and is buried in St. Matthew Church.
Marvel Adventures: The Avengers
Marvel Adventures: The Avengers was a comic book series published by Marvel Comics that began in 2006. The series has no direct relation to the history of the mainstream Avengers comic titles or its characters. Like other Marvel Adventures series, the series is aimed toward younger audiences. The series was canceled in 2010 when the Marvel Adventures line was revamped.

Marvel Adventures
Marvel Adventures, formerly Marvel Age, was an imprint of Marvel Comics intended for younger audiences, including small children. Unlike the standard comics published by Marvel, which often take place in story arcs spanning several issues, each Marvel Adventures comic tells a standalone story. In April 2012 it was replaced by the all new All Ages line tied to the Marvel Universe block on Disney XD.
Barry Coulter
Barry Francis Coulter AO (born 27 December 1948) is a former Australian politician. He was a Country Liberal Party member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly from 1983 to 1999, representing the electorates of Berrimah, Palmerston and Blain. He was Deputy Chief Minister from 1986 to 1995 under Stephen Hatton and Marshall Perron. He was expected to succeed Perron but was defeated by Shane Stone.

Electoral division of Blain
Blain is an electoral division of the Legislative Assembly in Australia's Northern Territory. It was first created in 1997 and is named after Adair Blain, the second member for the federal Northern Territory electorate, and the only Australian sitting federal MP to ever become a prisoner of war. Blain is an urban electorate, covering 4 km2 and taking in Palmerston suburbs of Bellamack and Woodroffe and 
the suburb of Moulden. There were 5,695 people enrolled within the electorate as of August 2020.

The current member for Blain is Matthew Kerle, who was elected for the CLP at the 2024 election.
Société Aérienne Bordelaise
The Société Aérienne Bordelaise (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete aeʁjɛn bɔʁdəlɛz]; SAB) was an aircraft manufacturing company based in Bordeaux, France. The predecessor company, Société de Travaux Dyle et Bacalan had been founded in 1879.

Dyle et Bacalan
The Société Anonyme de Travaux Dyle et Bacalan was formed in 1879 by the merger of the Belgian Ateliers de la Dyle and Ateliers and Chantiers de Bacalan which had emerged from the bankruptcy of the Arman Brothers shipyard in 1867. The company entered the aviation market during the 1920s and merged with Ateliers et Chantiers du Sud-Ouest in 1930 to form Ateliers et Chantiers du Sud-Ouest et de Bacalan Reunis, while spinning off its aviation activities as the Société Aérienne Bordelaise. The combined company closed its doors in 1936.

Among other endeavors, the company acquired the rights to build the Curitiba-Paranaguá railway line, executing its construction from 1870 to 1875 with the direction of Antonio Ferrucci and later of João Teixeira Soares, through the Compagnie Génerale des Chemins de Fer Brésiliens.
Apple A9
The Apple A9 is a 64-bit ARM-based system-on-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series. Manufactured for Apple by both TSMC and Samsung, it first appeared in the iPhone 6s and 6s Plus which were introduced on September 9, 2015. Apple states that it has 70% more CPU performance and 90% more graphics performance compared to its predecessor, the Apple A8. On September 12, 2018, the iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus along with the first-generation iPhone SE was discontinued, ending production of A9 chips.  The latest software updates for the iPhone 6s & 6s Plus including the iPhone SE (1st generation) variants systems using this chip are iOS 15.8.6, released on January 26, 2026, as they were discontinued with the release of iOS 16 in 2022, and for the iPad (5th generation) using this chip was iPadOS 16.7.14, released on February 2nd, 2026, as it was discontinued with the release of iPadOS 17 in 2023.

IOS 16
iOS 16 is the sixteenth major release of Apple's iOS mobile operating system for the iPhone. It is the successor of iOS 15, and was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 6, 2022, alongside iPadOS 16, and released on September 12, 2022. It was succeeded by iOS 17 on September 18, 2023.

It is the first iOS release since iPhone OS 1 to be exclusive to iPhones, as it drops support for the seventh-generation iPod Touch. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, iPhone 6s and 6s Plus, and first-generation iPhone SE would also be dropped. It is also the final iOS release to support the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus and iPhone X, as iOS 17 dropped support for these iPhones in 2023.
Miss USA 1952
Miss USA 1952 was the first Miss USA pageant, held at the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium in Long Beach, California on June 27, 1952.

At the end of the event, American actress and Miss America 1941 Rosemary LaPlanche crowned Jackie Loughery of New York as Miss USA 1952. It is the first victory of New York in the pageant's history. Contestants from 42 states competed in this year's pageant.

Miss New York USA
The Miss New York USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the State of New York in the Miss USA pageant. It is directed by D&D Productions.

The current titleholder is Christiana DiNardo of Rochester who was crowned on August 17, 2025, at the Hilton Albany in Albany. She will represent New York at Miss USA 2025.
Catherine Hershey
Catherine Elizabeth "Kitty" Sweeney Hershey (July 6, 1871 – March 25, 1915) was an American philanthropist. She was the wife of chocolatier Milton S. Hershey and co-founder with her husband of the Milton Hershey School.

Milton S. Hershey
Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was an American chocolatier, businessman, and philanthropist.

Trained in the confectionery business, Hershey pioneered the manufacture of caramel, using fresh milk. He launched the Lancaster Caramel Company, which achieved bulk exports, and then sold it to start a new company supplying mass-produced milk chocolate, previously a luxury good.

The first Hershey bars were sold in 1900 and proved so popular that he was able to build his own company town of Hershey, Pennsylvania. Hershey's philanthropy extended to a boarding school, originally for local orphans, but accommodating around 2,000 students as of 2016. In World War II, the company developed a special non-melting bar for troops serving overseas. The Hershey Company, known as Hershey's, is one of the world's biggest confectionery manufacturers.
Taking the Stage
Taking the Stage is a musical reality show set at the School for Creative and Performing Arts in Cincinnati, Ohio.  It is produced by Nick Lachey, a SCPA alumnus, for MTV. The first season chronicled the lives of five high school students and their friends as they train for careers in the arts. The 2nd season aired from January to April 2010 on Thursday nights on MTV at 11 pm.

MTV canceled the show in May 2010.

Nick Lachey
Nicholas Scott Lachey (/ləˈʃeɪ/ lə-SHAY; born November 9, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter, TV personality, producer and actor. He rose to fame as the lead singer of the multi-platinum-selling boyband 98 Degrees and later starred in the reality series Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica with his then-wife, Jessica Simpson. He has released four solo albums: SoulO, What's Left of Me, A Father's Lullaby, and Soundtrack of My Life. He also had a recurring role on the television series Charmed. He hosted NBC's The Sing-Off, co-hosted VH1's Big Morning Buzz Live from 2014 to 2015, and Nickelodeon's America's Most Musical Family, and co-hosts the Netflix shows Love Is Blind and The Ultimatum with his wife Vanessa Lachey. He is also the sole host of Perfect Match for Netflix. In 2021, Lachey won the fifth season of The Masked Singer.
Hero (Charlotte Perrelli song)
"Hero" is a 2008 pop song performed by the Swedish singer Charlotte Perrelli, written by Fredrik Kempe and Bobby Ljunggren. It was entered into the Melodifestivalen 2008, winning at the Globen arena on 15 March 2008. Due to this, it represented Sweden at the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, Serbia.

The single "Hero" was released on 12 March 2008. It topped the Swedish Singles chart, and was certified Gold, in recognition of 10,000 copies sold. After the contest, it was certified Platinum, as 40,000 copies sold. The song entered the 3rd place at Svensktoppen on 13 April 2008, and it stayed on the chart for eight weeks until 1 June 2008 peaking at #3. The Swedish single top 100, she peaked at #1 for 5 weeks, and left the charts after 19 weeks. Her position in the 'best of all time' is #503 with 769 points.

Fredrik Kempe
Fredrik Kempe (born 29 April 1972) is a Swedish songwriter and opera and pop singer, who was born in Vårgårda. He has participated in Swedish versions of the musicals Les Misérables and Chess. In 2002, Kempe had a hit with Vincerò, where he mixed opera and Euro disco. He was a jury member in Idol 2016 which was broadcast on TV4. From 2013 to 2020, he was married to Christoffer Järkeborn.
The Lexicon of Love
The Lexicon of Love is the debut studio album by the English pop band ABC. Released on 21 June 1982 by Neutron Records, it entered the UK Albums Chart at number one, also topping the New Zealand and Finnish charts. Certified gold in the US, it went platinum in the UK where four singles reached the top 20; "Tears Are Not Enough", "Poison Arrow", "The Look of Love" and "All of My Heart", which Pitchfork ranked number one on their "Now That's What I Call New Pop!" list.

The album has frequently been ranked as one of the greatest albums of the 1980s, and was included in the 2018 edition of Robert Dimery's book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Martin Fry
Martin David Fry (born 9 March 1958) is an English singer. He came to prominence in the early 1980s as co-founder and lead vocalist of the pop band ABC, which released six singles that entered the top 20 charts in the United Kingdom during the 1980s, including "Tears Are Not Enough", "Poison Arrow", "The Look of Love", "All of My Heart", "That Was Then but This Is Now" and "When Smokey Sings". He is the only member who has been with ABC throughout its entire history and is currently its only official member.
Wicksell's theory of capital
Named after Swedish economist Knut Wicksell (1851-1926), Wicksell's theory of capital examines factor prices as derived from the value of the marginal product.

Wicksell pointed out that in an equilibrium situation, the interest rate would exceed the value of the marginal product of capital because the aggregate stock of capital would be revalued due to changes in the interest rate.

Knut Wicksell
Johan Gustaf Knut Wicksell (December 20, 1851 – May 3, 1926) was a Swedish economist of the Stockholm school. He was professor at Uppsala University and Lund University.

He made contributions to theories of population, value, capital and money, as well as methodological contributions to econometrics. His economic contributions would influence both the Keynesian and Austrian schools of economic thought. He was married to the noted feminist Anna Bugge.
The Tricolour Cockade
The Tricolour Cockade (French: La cocarde tricolore) is an 1831 French comedy play by the Cogniard Brothers. A Vaudeville, it premiered at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques in Paris on 19 March 1831 and concerned the ongoing French conquest of Algeria. A veteran of the Napoleonic Wars is due to be executed by firing squad during the Bourbon Restoration for wearing a Tricolour cockade once presented to him by Napoleon but is saved by the outbreak of the July Revolution in Paris. The unit are than given their chance to display their heroism in battle against the Algerians.

The play is best known for the character of Nicolas Chauvin, an ultra-patriotic young soldier who continues to idolise the deposed French Emperor Napoleon long after his defeat, abdication and death, who gave his name to the concept of chauvinism.  In addition another noted character Dumanet, a ridiculous and boastful figure, also appeared.

Chauvinism
Chauvinism (/ˈʃoʊvɪnɪzəm/ SHOH-vih-nih-zəm) is the unreasonable belief in the superiority or dominance of one's own group or people, who are seen as strong and virtuous, while others are considered weak, unworthy, or inferior. The Encyclopaedia Britannica describes it as a form of "excessive and unreasonable" patriotism and nationalism, a fervent faith in national excellence and glory.

In American English, since the 1940s, the word has increasingly been used as a shorthand for male chauvinism, a trend reflected in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary, which, as of 2018, began its first example of use of the term chauvinism with "an attitude of superiority toward members of the opposite sex".
Rebecca Tanui
Rebecca Sirwanei Tanui (born 16 June 1992) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. She has achieved podium finishes at major international road races and holds the course record at the Košice Peace Marathon.

Košice Peace Marathon
The Košice Peace Marathon (Slovak: Medzinárodný maratón mieru) is an annual road marathon held in Košice, Slovakia, since 1924.  It is the oldest continuously running in the world, having been run every year since 1941.  It is the oldest marathon in Europe and the third-oldest in the world (after the Boston Marathon, first held in 1897, and the Yonkers Marathon, first held in 1907).  However, Boston and Yonkers have been continuous only since 2021.  The marathon generally takes place each year on the first Sunday in October.  The course is relatively flat and consists of two loops, mostly within the city center.

The marathon is an AIMS-certified race.  It is also categorized as a Silver Label Road Race by World Athletics, and was certified as a 5-Star Quality Road Race by European Athletics Running for All in 2015.
TSUBAME (satellite)
TSUBAME was a microsatellite developed by the Tokyo Institute of Technology and Tokyo University of Science from a student design concept in 2004. The satellite was designed to demonstrate new technologies for rapid attitude control, observing gamma ray bursts, and Earth observation. The name, TSUBAME, means swift in Japanese and was chosen both because of the experimental attitude control system and to invoke another gamma ray observatory, the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission, which launched shortly after TSUBAME's first design concept was published in 2004.

TSUBAME was launched with four other satellites from Yasny Cosmodrome on a Dnepr rocket on November 6, 2014. It was placed in a 500 km altitude Sun-synchronous orbit. A week after the launch, problems were reported with communication hardware and communication was lost with the satellite after three months of recovery efforts.

Tokyo University of Science
Tokyo University of Science (東京理科大学, Tōkyō Rika Daigaku), formerly "Science University of Tokyo" or TUS, informally Rikadai (理科大) or simply Ridai (理大) is a private research university located in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
Saccular acoustic sensitivity
Saccular acoustic sensitivity  is a measurement of the ear's affectability to sound. The saccule's normal function is to keep the body balanced, but it is believed to have some hearing function for special frequencies and tones. Saccular acoustic sensitivity is considered to be simply an extension of the sense of hearing through the use of the saccule.

Saccule
The saccule (Latin: sacculus) is a bed of sensory cells in the inner ear that detects linear acceleration and head tilting in the vertical plane, and converts these vibrations into electrical impulses to be interpreted by the brain. When the head accelerates vertically, the sensory cells of the saccule are moved due to a combination of inertia and gravity. In response, the neurons connected to the saccule transmit electrical impulses that represent this movement to the brain.  These impulses travel along the vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII) to the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem.

The vestibular system is important for balance, or equilibrium.  It includes the saccule, utricle, and the three semicircular canals.  The vestibule is the name of the fluid-filled, membranous duct that contains these organs of balance and is in turn encased in the temporal bone of the skull as a part of the inner ear.
Frank Chouteau Brown
Frank Chouteau Brown (January 1876–1947) was an American architect, born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and educated at the Minneapolis School of Fine Arts, the Boston Art Club and in Europe. In 1902, he began practice in Boston and from 1907 to 1919, was editor of the Architectural Review periodical. In 1916, he became a member of the faculty of Boston University and in 1919, head of the Department of Art and Architecture.

He was the architectural designer of the 1933 renovation of the Dillaway–Thomas House in Roxbury, Massachusetts.

Roxbury Heritage State Park
Roxbury Heritage State Park is a history-themed heritage park in the oldest part of Roxbury, a former town annexed in 1868 by Boston, Massachusetts. It is anchored by the Dillaway–Thomas House, a large colonial structure built in 1750 and thought to be the oldest surviving house in Roxbury. The location includes an adjacent 1-acre (0.40 ha) landscaped park with views of the Boston skyline, and is part of the Metropolitan Park System of Greater Boston.
Lars Werdelin
Lars Werdelin (born 1955) is a Swedish paleontologist specializing in the evolution of mammalian carnivores. His areas of scientific interest include the evolutionary interaction of carnivores and hominins in Africa, as well as the evolution and phylogeny of carnivore clades such as the Machairodontinae, the lynxes and the Hyaenidae.

He received his Ph.D. from Stockholm University in 1981. He is responsible for describing the Machairodontine genus Lokotunjailurus in 2003 and in 2023, the Machairodontine species Dinofelis werdelini was named in honour of him. The genus name of Werdelinus, an extinct hyaenid described in 2010, was also dedicated to him and his contributions to carnivore paleontology.

Dinofelis
Dinofelis is an extinct genus of machairodontine (sabre-toothed cat), usually classified in the tribe Metailurini. It was widespread in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America from 5 million to about 1.2 million years ago (early Pliocene to early Pleistocene). Fossils very similar to Dinofelis from Lothagam range back to around 8 million years ago, in the Late Miocene.
Stoping (geology)
Stoping is a process accommodating the ascent of magmatic bodies from their sources in the mantle or lower crust to the surface.  The theory was independently developed by Canadian geologist Reginald Aldworth Daly and American geologist Joseph Barrell.

The process involves the mechanical disintegration of the surrounding country/host rock, typically through fracturing due to pressure increases associated with thermal expansion of the host rock in proximity of the interface with the melt. After fractures are formed, melt and/or volatiles will typically invade, widening the fracture and promoting the foundering of host rock blocks (i.e. stoped blocks).  Once suspended in the melt, stoped blocks may either sink or float depending upon the density of the block relative to that of the melt.  Additionally, blocks submerged within melt are subject to further thermally-induced fracturing which may account for the often observed "lack of evidence" for the process of stoping.

Joseph Barrell
Joseph Barrell (December 15, 1869 – May 4, 1919) was an American geologist who developed many ideas on the origins of the Earth, isostasy and ideas on the origins of sedimentary rocks. He suggested that they were produced by the action of rivers, winds, and ice (continental), as well as by marine sedimentation. He also independently arrived at the theory of stoping as a mechanism for igneous intrusion. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1915.
Zall-Dardhë
Zall-Dardhë is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër. The population at the 2011 census was 1,051.

Dibër (municipality)
Dibër (Albanian: [ˈdiˈbər]; Albanian definite form: Dibra) is a municipality in Dibër County, northeastern Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Arras, Fushë-Çidhën, Kala e Dodës, Kastriot, Lurë, Luzni, Maqellarë, Melan, Muhurr, Selishtë, Sllovë, Tomin, Zall-Dardhë, Zall-Reç with Peshkopi constituting its seat. As of the Institute of Statistics estimate from the 2011 census, there were 61,619 inhabitants in Dibër Municipality. The area of the municipality is 937.88 km2 (362.12 sq mi).
Suvarna Mathew
Suvarna Mathew is an Indian actress in South Indian movies. She was a prominent lead actress during the 1990s in Malayalam and Kannada films. She had acted in few Tamil, Telugu and Hindi movies as well. She has acted with Vishnuvardhan in Kiladigalu, Jayaram in  Sudhinam and Suman in Nayudugari Kutumbam. She has paired with Mithun Chakraborty in the films Do Numbri, Meri Adalat, Sultaan and Sanyasi Mera Naam.

She made a comeback with the Malayalam movie Chattakaari in 2012.

Kiladigalu
Kiladigalu is a 1994 Indian Kannada-language comedy film directed by Dwarakish and produced by M. K. Srinivasamurthy. Starring Vishnuvardhan and Dwarakish in dual roles, the film also featured Swarna, Sriraksha, Avinash and B. C. Patil in prominent roles. The music for the film was scored by Raj–Koti. Few sequences of the movie were partially based on the 1990 Marathi film Aamchyasarkhe Aamhich. The famous cycle-chase sequence from the 1983 Hong Kong film Project A, was used in this film. The same sequence was later used in the 2012 Hindi film Barfi!.