hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sterilization (microbiology)
Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. Sterilization is distinct from disinfection, sanitization, and pasteurization, in that those methods reduce rather than eliminate all forms of life and biological agents present. After sterilization, fluid or an object is referred to as being sterile or aseptic.

Canning
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried lentils, could last as long as 30 years in an edible state.

In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the Bertrand, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat.
County Route 553 (New Jersey)
County Route 553 (CR 553) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 51.22 miles (82.43 km) from Hands Landing Road/Ogden Avenue in Commercial Township to Broadway (CR 551) in Deptford Township.

Salem County, New Jersey
Salem County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its western boundary is formed by the Delaware River, and it has the eastern terminus of the Delaware Memorial Bridge, which connects the county with New Castle, Delaware. Its county seat is Salem. The county is part of the South Jersey region of the state.

The county lies within the Philadelphia metropolitan area, also known as the Delaware Valley area. As of the 2020 census, the county retained its position as the state's least-populous county, with a population of 64,837, a decrease of 1,246 (−1.9%) from the 2010 census count of 66,083. The most populous place in Salem County is Pennsville Township with 12,684 residents as of the 2020 Census. Lower Alloways Creek Township covers 72.46 square miles (187.7 km2), the largest total area of any municipality.

Salem County, along with adjacent Gloucester County, also in South Jersey, have become an East Coast epicenter for logistics and warehouse construction.
J. Lawton Collins
Joseph Lawton Collins (1 May 1896 – 12 September 1987) was a senior United States Army officer. During World War II, he served in both the Pacific and European Theaters of Operations, one of a few senior American commanders to do so. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the Korean War.

Collins' elder brother, Major General James Lawton Collins, was also in the United States Army. His nephew, Brigadier General James Lawton Collins Jr. served in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Another nephew, Michael Collins, was the command module pilot on the Apollo 11 mission in 1969 that put the first two men on the Moon and retired from the United States Air Force as a major general.

VII Corps (United States)
The VII Corps was a military formation of the United States Army. It was active on four occasions from 1918 to 1992. Activated in 1918 for World War I, it was reactivated for World War II and again during the Cold War. During both World War II and the Cold War it was subordinate to the Seventh Army, or USAREUR and was headquartered at Kelley Barracks in Stuttgart, West Germany, from 1951 until it was redeployed to the US after significant success in the Gulf War in 1991, then inactivated in 1992.
2025 Goodyear 400
The 2025 Goodyear 400 was a NASCAR Cup Series race that was held on April 6, 2025, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Contested over 297 laps on the 1.366-mile (2.198 km) egg-shaped oval, extended from the original 293 laps due to a overtime finish, it was the eighth race of the 2025 NASCAR Cup Series season and the 69th running of the event.

Denny Hamlin won the race. William Byron finished 2nd, and Christopher Bell finished 3rd. Tyler Reddick and Ryan Blaney rounded out the top five, and Chris Buescher, Ross Chastain, Chase Elliott, Ty Gibbs, and Kyle Busch rounded out the top ten.

Tyler Reddick
Tyler George Reddick (born January 11, 1996) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 45 Toyota Camry XSE for 23XI Racing. He is a two-time champion in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, winning consecutive titles in 2018 and 2019. In 2018, Reddick set a NASCAR record at Daytona for the closest finish in NASCAR Xfinity Series history as well as the closest finish in any of NASCAR’s top three series by 0.0004 seconds. He won the 2026 Daytona 500.
Simeon Burt Wolbach
Simeon Burt Wolbach (July 3, 1880 – March 19, 1954) was an American pathologist, researcher, teacher, and journal editor who elucidated the infection vectors for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and epidemic typhus. He was president of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists and the American Society for Experimental Pathology. The bacterial genus Wolbachia is named after him.

Wolbachia
Wolbachia is a genus of gram-negative bacteria infecting many species of arthropods and filarial nematodes. The relationship between Wolbachia and its hosts ranges from parasitism through benign symbiosis up to obligate mutualism. It is one of the most common parasitic microbes of arthropods, and is possibly the most widespread reproductive parasite bacterium in the biosphere. Its interactions with hosts are complex and highly diverse across the various species in which it is found. Some host species cannot reproduce, or even survive, absent internal Wolbachia colonies. One study concluded that more than 16% of neotropical insect species carry bacteria of this genus, and as many as 25 to 70% of all insect species are estimated to be potential hosts.
CBS News Roundup
CBS News Roundup is an American overnight news program broadcast by CBS. Airing during the early morning hours each Monday through Friday, the program is anchored by Jessi Mitchell.

CBS has carried an overnight news block since 1982; it was known as CBS News Nightwatch until 1992 and then Up to the Minute until September 18, 2015. From then through May 28, 2024, Up to the Minute was replaced by the CBS Overnight News, which eschewed a dedicated anchor by largely repackaging segments from the CBS Evening News and other CBS News programming. On May 29, 2024, it was replaced by the CBS News 24/7-produced CBS News Roundup.

Christopher Glenn
Joseph Christopher Glenn (March 23, 1938 – October 17, 2006) was an American radio and television news journalist who worked in broadcasting for over 45 years and spent the final 35 years of his career at CBS, retiring on February 23, 2006 at the age of 68.
Lakewood, South Carolina
Lakewood is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sumter County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 2,603 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Sumter, South Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Sumter County, South Carolina
Sumter County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,556. Its county seat is Sumter. Sumter County comprises the Sumter, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Columbia-Sumter-Orangeburg, SC Combined Statistical Area. The county is also part of "The Midlands" area.

It is the home of Shaw AFB, headquarters to the 9th Air Force, AFCENT, United States Army Central, with a number of other tenant units. It is one of largest bases in the USAF's Air Combat Command.

On September 17, 2024, the National Park Service announced that the City of Sumter and Sumter County were jointly named a World War II Heritage City.

In Sumter County, there is somewhat of a large population of people with Turkish ancestry that descend from Joseph Benenhaley (1753-1823) and other Turks who fled the Ottoman Empire and settled in Sumter County to serve in the American Revolution.
Unplugged (The Korgis album)
Unplugged is a live album by English pop band, The Korgis. It was released in 2006.

The unplugged concert was originally only recorded for inclusion on the Kollection DVD in the summer of 2005, but was released as a proper album the following year. The album contains acoustic versions of all of the band's best known songs such as "Everybody's Got to Learn Sometime", "Young 'n' Russian", "If It's Alright with You Baby" and "If I Had You" as well as tracks from their albums The Korgis, Dumb Waiters, Sticky George, Burning Questions and This World's For Everyone

The Korgis
The Korgis are an English pop band known mainly for their hit single "Everybody's Got to Learn Sometime" in 1980. The band was originally composed of singer/guitarist/keyboardist Andy Davis (born Andrew Cresswell-Davis 10 August 1949) and singer/bassist James Warren (born 25 August 1951), both former members of 1970s band Stackridge, along with violinist Stuart Gordon and keyboardist Phil Harrison.
Raymond Troye
Raymond Troye (1908–2003) was a Belgian army officer and writer born in Charleroi. During his imprisonment in Nazi Germany, he wrote 5 novels of which two were published after the war.

As a young lieutenant in the Belgian army, he was captured by the German army in May 1940. He spent a few days in the transit camp of Dortmund, after which he was sent to a camp in Bavaria (Oflag VII-B) where he remained for two years before being transferred to another camp close to Hamburg (Oflag XD). He spent the two last years of the war in a camp located in the north of Berlin (Oflag II-A).

Charleroi
Charleroi (UK: /ˈʃɑːrlə.rwʌ/, US: /-rɔɪ, -rwɑː/, French: [ʃaʁləʁwa] ⓘ; Walloon: Tchålerwè [tʃɑːlɛʀwɛ]) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It is the largest city in both Hainaut and Wallonia. The city is situated in the valley of the Sambre, in the south-west of Belgium, not far from the border with France. By 1 January 2008, the total population of Charleroi was 201,593. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,462 square kilometres (564 sq mi) with a total population of 522,522 by 1 January 2008, ranking it as the 5th most populous in Belgium after Brussels, Antwerp, Liège, and Ghent. The inhabitants are called Carolorégiens or simply Carolos.
Plus–minus method
The plus–minus method, also known as CRM (conventional reciprocal method), is a geophysical method to analyze seismic refraction data developed by J. G. Hagedoorn. It can be used to calculate the depth and velocity variations of an undulating layer boundary for slope angles less than ~10°.

Seismic refraction
Seismic refraction is a geophysical principle governed by Snell's Law of refraction. The seismic refraction method utilizes the refraction of seismic waves by rock or soil layers to characterize the subsurface geologic conditions and geologic structure.

Seismic refraction is exploited in engineering geology, geotechnical engineering and exploration geophysics. Seismic refraction traverses (seismic lines) are performed using an array of seismographs or geophones and an energy source.

The methods depend on the fact that seismic waves have differing velocities in different types of soil or rock. The waves are refracted when they cross the boundary between different types (or conditions) of soil or rock. The methods enable the general soil types and the approximate depth to strata boundaries, or to bedrock, to be determined.
Mala época
Mala época (Bad Times) is a 1998 Argentine drama film. The film was executive produced by Mario Santos.

This dramatic anthology of four episodes represents the collaborative effort of Mariano De Rosa, Rodrigo Moreno, Salvador Roselli, and Nicolás Saad. Each wrote and directed an episode. All are graduates of Argentina's primary film school, the Universidad del Cine, which helped fund the film.

The film offers an unflattering look at Argentine society as it prepares to enter the 21st century.

Nicolás Saad
Nicolás Saad (born 1970 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine film director, screenplay writer, and film editor.

He works in the cinema of Argentina.

Saad is a graduate of Argentina's primary film school, the Universidad del Cine.
Façade
A façade or facade (/fəˈsɑːd/ ⓘ; ) is the front part or exterior of a building. It is a loanword from the French façade (pronounced [fasad]), which means "frontage" or "face".

In architecture, the façade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the building. From the engineering perspective, the façade is also of great importance due to its impact on energy efficiency. For historical façades, many local zoning regulations or other laws greatly restrict or even forbid their alteration.

Outside of architecture, "façade" is used to describe a deceptive outward appearance.

Face
The face is the front of the head in humans and many other animals that features most of the sense organs including the eyes, nose and mouth. Many animals may express emotions through their face. Sense organs in the faces of different animals are varied such as the snout, and the proboscis. Many animals are flat-faced (brachycephalic) such as the pug dog.

The human face is crucial for identity, and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities may adversely affect the psyche.
George Herbert Wood
George Herbert Wood (February 17, 1867 – May 15, 1949) was a Canadian businessman who co-founded Wood Gundy and Company, stockbrokerage in Toronto in 1905 with fellow former Dominion Securities employee James Henry Gundy.

Wood Gundy
Wood Gundy Inc. was a leading Canadian stock brokerage and investment banking firm. Founded in 1905, it was acquired by the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce in 1988 as it attempted to build an investment banking business. The Wood Gundy name was used extensively by the bank's investment banking arm, which was known as CIBC Wood Gundy until 1997. Today, CIBC's investment banking business is known as CIBC World Markets, and the name CIBC Wood Gundy is used as the brand for the bank's retail brokerage business.
The Linden Tree
The Linden Tree is a 1947 play by the English dramatist J. B. Priestley. It was first produced at the Duchess Theatre, London on 15 August 1947 and ran for 422 performances. The play had a brief run on Broadway in March 1948, lasting only seven performances, in a production directed by George Schaefer, using costumes designed by Frank Thompson, and starring Boris Karloff as Professor Linden. It also was performed in Ottawa, Canada in August 1949 with Rex Linden portrayed by Christopher Plummer.

Frank Thompson (designer)
Frank L. Thompson (August 19, 1920, Shawnee, Oklahoma -  June 4, 1977, Los Angeles, California) was an American costume designer for the stage and screen. Active as a designer on Broadway from 1947 to 1972, he designed costumes for the original productions of plays by Noël Coward, Paddy Chayefsky, Neil Simon, and Tennessee Williams among other prominent writers. He also designed costumes for several Broadway musicals, including works by Irving Berlin, Lorenz Hart, and Richard Rodgers. He is best remembered for his costume designs for the American Ballet Theatre's celebrated 1976 production of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker starring Mikhail Baryshnikov which became an American television classic, and for his designs for the world premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass.
Bob Krueger
Robert Charles Krueger (September 19, 1935 – April 30, 2022) was an American diplomat, politician, and U.S. representative and U.S. senator from Texas, a U.S. ambassador, and a member of the Democratic Party. As of 2025, he is the last Democrat to serve as a United States senator from Texas.

New Braunfels, Texas
New Braunfels (/ˈbrɔːnfəlz/ ⓘ BRAWN-fəlz) is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Comal County. The city covers 44.9 square miles (116 km2) and had a population of 90,403 as of the 2020 Census. A suburb just north of San Antonio, and part of the Greater San Antonio metropolitan area, it was the third-fastest-growing city in the United States from 2010 to 2020. As of 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates its population at 104,707.

New Braunfels is known for its German Texan heritage.
Cumberland, British Columbia
Cumberland is an incorporated village municipality east of Perseverance Creek, near the east coast of central Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The Comox Valley community is west of BC Highway 19 and is by road about 105 kilometres (65 mi) northwest of Nanaimo and 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Courtenay.

British Columbia Highway 19
Highway 19 is the main north–south thoroughfare on Vancouver Island from Nanaimo to Port Hardy. It forms part of the Island Highway along with Highway 1 and Highway 19A. A highway has existed on the Island since about 1912. Originally gravel and rough, the highway was an essential link together with the Esquimalt & Nanaimo Railway. The paved highway first opened in 1953, replacing a stretch of Highway 1 between Nanaimo and Campbell River, finally being extended to the northern tip of the island in the late 1970s. The total length of the highway is 403 kilometres (250 mi).
Aayutha Ezhuthu
Aayutha Ezhuthu is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language political action film directed by Mani Ratnam. The film, loosely based on the life of George Reddy, a scholar from Osmania University of Hyderabad, stars Suriya, R. Madhavan, Siddharth, Trisha, Meera Jasmine, and Esha Deol, with Sriman, Janagaraj and Bharathiraja appear in pivotal roles. Notably, this film is the only Tamil film Deol has ever acted in. The film's title was taken from the name of the Tamil letter ஃ – three dots corresponding to the film's three different personalities from completely different strata of society.

The score and soundtrack were composed by A. R. Rahman, while Ravi K. Chandran and Sreekar Prasad handled the cinematography and editing of the film. The film was simultaneously shot in Hindi as Yuva with an entirely different cast retaining Deol. Aayutha Ezhuthu was released on 21 May 2004, the same day as its Hindi version, and became a commercial success at the box office.

Sriman (actor)
Kumaravatha Srinivasa Reddy (born 14 February 1972), better known professionally as Sriman, is an Indian actor who appears primarily in Tamil films, and also some Telugu films. He is primarily known for his prominent character roles in Sethu (1999), Friends (2001) Panchathanthiram (2002), Aayutha Ezhuthu (2004),  Pokkiri (2007), Aegan (2008), Muni 2: Kanchana (2011) and Kanchana 2 (2015). He is the son of noted producer Prakash Reddy. He has acted in over 135 films in his illustrious career.
Herreid, South Dakota
Herreid is a city in Campbell County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 416 at the 2020 census.

Herreid was under consideration to be named "Campa" for a time, however settlers considered other options. On August 26, 1901, Herreid was founded as a village. On September 13, 1901, the official plat was recorded. Herreid was laid out in 1901 when a branch of the Soo Line reached the city, and named after Charles N. Herreid, fourth Governor of South Dakota.

Campbell County, South Dakota
Campbell County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,377, making it the fourth-least populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Mound City.  The county was created in 1873 and organized in 1884. It was named for Norman B. Campbell, a Dakota Territory legislator in 1873 and son of General Charles T. Campbell.
KGCR
KGCR is a Christian radio station broadcasting on 107.7 FM, licensed to Goodland, Kansas, serving Northwestern Kansas. The station is owned by The Praise Network, Inc.

KGCR began broadcasting March 1, 1988. The station was donated to The Praise Network in 1998.

The station's format consists of Christian adult contemporary, along with Christian talk and teaching programs. Christian talk and teaching programs heard on KGCR include; Revive Our Hearts with Nancy Leigh DeMoss, Focus on the Family, Insight for Living with Chuck Swindoll, and Joni and Friends.

KGCR also broadcasts "Classic KGCR" on a digital sub-carrier, which plays traditional Christian hymns and lite southern gospel, along with Christian talk and teaching programs.

Goodland, Kansas
Goodland is a city in and the county seat of Sherman County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 4,465.  It was named after Goodland, Indiana.  Goodland is home to Fort Hays Tech | Northwest (formerly Northwest Kansas Technical College).
David Labrava
David M. Labrava (born October 19, 1962) is an American actor, writer, tattoo artist, former member of the Hells Angels, and motorcycle enthusiast. He is best known for his role as Happy Lowman in the FX series Sons of Anarchy and its spinoff, Mayans M.C..

Mayans M.C.
Mayans M.C. (also known simply as Mayans) is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James, that premiered on September 4, 2018, on FX. The show takes place in the same fictional universe as Sons of Anarchy and deals with the Sons' rivals-turned-allies, the Mayans Motorcycle Club.

The series's fourth season premiered on April 19, 2022. In July 2022, the series was renewed for a fifth and final season, which premiered on May 24, 2023, with the series finale airing on July 19, 2023.
Tony Tatupu
Kuripitone "Tony" Tatupu is a former professional rugby league footballer. He played as a centre and in the second-row and represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa. Tatupu is the uncle of the rugby league footballer; Matthew Wright.

Samoa national rugby league team
The Samoa national rugby league team represents Samoa in rugby league football and has participated in international competition since 1986. Known as Western Samoa before 1997, the team is administered by Rugby League Samoa and are nicknamed Toa Samoa (English: Samoan Warriors).
Barry Norton
Barry Norton (born Alfredo Carlos Birabén; June 16, 1905 – August 24, 1956) was an Argentine-American actor. He appeared in over 90 films, starting in silent films from 1925 until his death in 1956. He is perhaps best known for his role as Juan Harker in Universal Pictures' Spanish-language version of Drácula in 1931, the English language role of Jonathan Harker originated by David Manners.

Jonathan Harker
Jonathan Harker is a fictional character and one of the main protagonists of Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel Dracula. An English solicitor, his journey to Transylvania and encounter with the vampire Count Dracula and his Brides at Castle Dracula constitutes the dramatic opening scenes in the novel and most of the film adaptations.

Stoker appropriated the surname from his friend Joseph Cunningham Harker (1855–1920), a set designer at the Lyceum Theatre in London and father of actor William Gordon Harker (1885–1967) as well as great-grandfather of actress Polly Adams, whose actress-daughters Susannah Harker and Caroline Harker adopted the Harker surname for their stage names.