hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vozhegodsky District
Vozhegodsky District (Russian: Вожего́дский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Verkhovazhsky District in the east, Syamzhensky District in the southeast, Kharovsky District in the south, Ust-Kubinsky District in the southwest, and with Kirillovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 5,500 square kilometers (2,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Vozhega. Population: 16,790 (2010 Census); 18,976 (2002 Census); 22,470 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vozhega accounts for 40.1% of the district's total population.

Administrative divisions of Vologda Oblast
Administratively, Vologda Oblast is divided into four cities and towns of oblast significance and twenty-six districts.

In terms of the area, the biggest administrative district is Vytegorsky District (13,100 square kilometers (5,100 sq mi)), the smallest ones are Chagodoshchensky and Ust-Kubinsky Districts (2,400 square kilometers (930 sq mi)).

In terms of the population, the biggest administrative district is Vologodsky District (50,956 in 2002), the smallest one is Mezhdurechensky District (7,641).
Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam Institute
The Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam Institute (EBASI) is a scientific organization with the aim of promoting collaboration between African and American physicists and encouraging the training of physicists from the African continent. The institution was founded by Nobel laureate in physics Abdus Salam in 1988, originally as the Edward A. Bouchet-ICTP Institute. The name honors Edward Bouchet, widely recognized as the first person of African descent to receive a Ph.D. in physics in the United States. The name was changed in 1998 to honor Salam, who died in 1996.

Edward Bouchet
Edward Alexander Bouchet (September 15, 1852 – October 28, 1918) was an American physicist and educator. He was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. in any subject from an American university, completing his dissertation in physics at Yale University in 1876. Bouchet was also among the first 20 Americans (of any race) to receive a Ph.D. in physics and was the sixth to earn a Ph.D. in physics from Yale. After graduation, he became a physics and chemistry teacher and held various posts throughout his career. The Bouchet Graduate Honor Society was co-founded by Yale University and Howard University on September 15, 2005, in commemoration of Bouchet's birthday.
Truncate (SQL)
In SQL, the TRUNCATE TABLE statement is a data manipulation language (DML) operation that deletes all rows of a table without causing a triggered action. The result of this operation quickly removes all data from a table, typically bypassing a number of integrity enforcing mechanisms. It was officially introduced in the SQL:2008 standard, as the optional feature F200, "TRUNCATE TABLE statement".

SQL:2008
SQL:2008 is the sixth revision of the ISO and ANSI standard for the SQL database query language. It was formally adopted in July 2008. The standard consists of 9 parts which are described in detail in SQL.  The next iteration is SQL:2011
Home and Abroad
Home and Abroad (styled Live! The Style Council, Home & Abroad. on its cover) is a live album by the English band the Style Council, released in 1986. It was recorded on the tour supporting the band's 1985 album Our Favourite Shop.

It is their first non-studio album and their only live album until 1998's In Concert. As was common at the time, the CD and cassette versions of the album featured two songs that did not appear on the LP. The album cover shows both Paul Weller and Mick Talbot sitting on a stool, although both Dee C. Lee and Steve White appear on the album.

Reviewing the album, AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: "Home & Abroad is a slick and earnest live set, but it's only of interest to die-hard Paul Weller fans."

The Style Council
The Style Council were an English pop band formed in Woking in 1982 by Paul Weller, the former lead vocalist, principal songwriter and guitarist with the rock band the Jam, and keyboardist Mick Talbot. Weller started the project to escape the restrictions of the Jam, and to explore a more arty, European, jazzier direction, which encompassed pop, hip hop, and soul.

The permanent line-up grew to include drummer Steve White and Weller's then-girlfriend, vocalist Dee C. Lee. Other artists such as Tracie Young, Tracey Thorn (Everything but the Girl) and drummer/percussionist Steve Sidelnyk also performed and collaborated with the group. As with Weller's previous band, most of the London-based group's hits were in their homeland, where they scored seven top 10 hits. The band also had hit singles and albums in Australia and New Zealand during the 1980s.
Villar de la Yegua
Villar de la Yegua is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 (data from INE), the municipality has a population of 198 inhabitants.

The municipal territory is home to the Siega Verde Paleolithic art site, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010.

Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde
Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde are a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) transboundary World Heritage Site, located in the Côa Valley of Portugal and Siega Verde, Spain.
Frank Wappat
Frank Wappat (17 February 1930 – 17 February 2014) was an English radio personality, disc jockey and singer from Hebburn, County Durham. He worked with The Premier Band, Bobby Thompson, Renato Pagliari (of Renée And Renato fame), The Pipe-dreamers, Flintlock, The Dooleys and many others, in a career spanning from the 1950s to the 2010s.

Hebburn
Hebburn is a town in the South Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It was historically in County Durham and became part of Tyne and Wear in 1974. It is on the south bank of the River Tyne between Gateshead and Jarrow and opposite Wallsend and Walker. At the 2021 census the Hebburn built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 21,345.
Sarni Dwór-Leśniczówka
Sarni Dwór-Leśniczówka (Polish pronunciation: [ˈsarɲi ˈdvur lɛɕɲiˈtʂufka]) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Somonino, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Somonino
Gmina Somonino (Kashubian: Somònino) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Somonino, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Kartuzy and 30 km (19 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 112.27 square kilometres (43.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,214.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kashubian Landscape Park.
Florence Goodenough
Florence Laura Goodenough (August 6, 1886 – April 4, 1959) was an American psychologist and professor at the University of Minnesota who studied child intelligence and various problems in the field of child development. She was president of the Society for Research in Child Development from 1946 to 1947. She is best known for publishing the book Measurement Of Intelligence By Drawings, where she introduced the Goodenough Draw-A-Man test (now the Draw-A-Person Test) to assess intelligence in young children through nonverbal measurement. She is noted for developing the Minnesota Preschool Scale. In 1931, she published two books, titled Experimental Child Study (with John E. Anderson) and Anger in Young Children, which analyzed the methods used in evaluating children. She wrote the Handbook of Child Psychology in 1933, becoming the first known psychologist to critique ratio IQ.

Genetic Studies of Genius
The Genetic Studies of Genius,  later known as the Terman Study of the Gifted, is currently the oldest and longest-running longitudinal study in the field of psychology. It was begun by Lewis Terman at Stanford University in 1921 to examine the development and characteristics of gifted children into adulthood.: xi

The results from the study have been published in five books, a monograph, and dozens of articles. A related retrospective study of eminent men in history by Catharine Cox, though not part of the longitudinal study, was published as part of the Genetic Studies of Genius. It further inspired the ongoing Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth longitudinal study.
Ultra-Tories
The Ultra-Tories were an Anglican faction of British and Irish politics that appeared in the 1820s in opposition to Catholic emancipation.  The faction was, in the twenty-first century, called the "extreme right-wing" of British and Irish politics.

The Ultra-Tories faction broke away from the governing party in 1829 after the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829. Many of those labelled Ultra-Tory rejected the label and saw themselves as upholders of the Whig Revolution settlement of 1689.

The Ultra-Tories were defending "a doctrine essentially similar to that which ministerial Whigs had held since the days of Burnet, Wake, Gibson and Potter".

Catholic emancipation
Catholic emancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the United Kingdom in the late 18th century and early 19th century, that involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics introduced by the Act of Uniformity, the Test Acts and the penal laws. Requirements to abjure (renounce) the temporal and spiritual authority of the pope and transubstantiation placed major burdens on Roman Catholics.
With Just One Look in Your Eyes
"With Just One Look in Your Eyes" is a song written by Stephen Allen Davis and Dennis Morgan, and recorded by American country music artists Charly McClain and Wayne Massey.  It was released in July 1985 as the second single from McClain's album Radio Heart.  The song reached #5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Stephen Allen Davis
Stephen Allen Davis (October 4, 1949 – December 26, 2022) was an American singer-songwriter. Many of his songs are credited as Steve Davis.  He wrote 18 number one songs for various artists, including the single "Stand Beside Me" for country artist Jo Dee Messina, which spent three weeks atop the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and earned Davis a triple Million-Air certificate from BMI for the more than three million performances it has received. The album was also certified Triple Platinum.
Stobhall
Stobhall (or Stobhall Castle) is a country house and estate in Perthshire in Scotland, 8 miles (13 km) from Perth.  The 17th-century dower house and several other buildings are Category A-listed with Historic Environment Scotland.

The lands at Stobhall have been in the hands of the Drummond family, the Earls of Perth, since the 14th century.  Stobhall Castle  was the ancestral seat of the Drummonds, a stronghold of Roman Catholicism in Scotland after the English Reformation, the Drummonds being staunch Roman Catholic recusants. It is one of two castles (the other is Drummond Castle) traditionally associated with the family.

James IV of Scotland came to Stobhall on 6 February 1498 and was entertained by a lute player.

In 2012, a number of items from the house were auctioned at Bonhams in Edinburgh, raising over £900,000; the current earl James David Drummond, 19th Earl of Perth, and paternal grandson of the 17th Earl, decided to move to London.

David Drummond, 8th Earl of Perth
John David Drummond, 8th Earl of Perth, PC, FSA Scot (13 May 1907 – 25 November 2002), styled Viscount Strathallan from 1937 to 1951, was a Scottish peer, banker and politician.  Because of the complicated history of the earldom of Perth (attainder 1715, reversed 1853), he was sometimes deemed informally to be the 17th Earl of Perth.

He was Minister of State for Colonial Affairs from 1957 to 1962.
Rudolf Wegscheider
Rudolf Wegscheider (18 October 1859 – 8 January 1935) was an Austrian chemist of Banat Swabian origin.
Wegscheider studied chemistry and was the founder of the Austrian School of Chemistry. He taught at the University of Vienna, and from 1902 to 1931 he was departmental Chair. He was the chairman of the association of Austrian chemists from 1904 to 1929. 
R. Wegscheider introduced the principle of detailed balance for chemical kinetics.

Detailed balance
In thermodynamics, the principle of detailed balance says that every process of energy transfer in one direction must also allow energy transfer in the opposite direction, and in equilibrium, the flux in both directions must be equal. For example, the principle can be used in kinetic systems which are decomposed into elementary processes (collisions, or steps, or elementary reactions). It states that at equilibrium, each elementary process is in equilibrium with its reverse process.
Gala Day
Gala Day is a one-day festival held in many towns over the world.

One of the biggest is held in the city of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The festival raises money for the Geelong Hospital, and was known for the street parade through central Geelong which featured local community groups, amusement rides in the main street, a sideshow alley, and showbag stalls.

Geelong Hospital
The University Hospital Geelong, formerly the Geelong Hospital, is an Australian public hospital located in Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria. The hospital is part of Barwon Health, Victoria's largest regional health care provider, which has 21 sites. It is the largest hospital in regional Victoria and the only tertiary hospital outside of the Melbourne Metropolitan area. The site is bounded by Ryrie, Bellarine, Myers, and Swanston Streets.
The Golden Hawk
The Golden Hawk is a 1952 American historical adventure film in Technicolor directed by Sidney Salkow and starring Rhonda Fleming, Sterling Hayden and John Sutton. It is based on the 1948 novel of the same name by Frank Yerby.

Helena Carter
Helena Carter (born Helen Jean Ruckert; August 24, 1923
– January 11, 2000) was an American film actress in the 1940s and 1950s who is best known for her work in the film Invaders from Mars as Dr. Patricia Blake. From 1947 to 1953 she would appear in 13 films, during which time she also worked as a model.
Determinative
A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may derive historically from glyphs for real words, and functionally they resemble classifiers in East Asian and sign languages. For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading but were not pronounced.

Logogram
In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek logos 'word', and gramma 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme. Chinese characters as used in Chinese as well as other languages are logograms, as are Egyptian hieroglyphs and characters in cuneiform script. A writing system that primarily uses logograms is called a logography. Non-logographic writing systems, such as alphabets and syllabaries, are phonemic: their individual symbols represent sounds directly and lack any inherent meaning. However, all known logographies have some phonetic component, generally based on the rebus principle, and the addition of a phonetic component to pure ideographs is considered to be a key innovation in enabling the writing system to adequately encode human language.
The Cry of the Owl (2009 film)
The Cry of the Owl is a 2009 thriller film based on Patricia Highsmith's 1962 book of the same name, and was directed by Jamie Thraves. It stars Paddy Considine, Julia Stiles, and Karl Pruner. This is the third filming of the book after the 1987 French film adaptation by Claude Chabrol and a German television adaptation titled Der Schrei der Eule also from 1987. After Robert Forrester is caught by Jenny Thierolf, the girl he has been spying on, he becomes the victim of her manipulative advances. The disappearance of Jenny's fiancé Greg after a fight with Robert marks the beginning of a series of dangerous and ultimately fatal incidents.

The Cry of the Owl
The Cry of the Owl is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith, the eighth of her 22 novels. It was first published in the US in 1962 by Harper & Row and in the UK by Heinemann the following year. It explores, in the phrase of critic Brigid Brophy, "the psychology of the self-selected victim".
Silly String
Silly String (generically known as aerosol string) is a toy of flexible, sometimes brightly colored, plastic string propelled as a stream of liquid from an aerosol can. The solvent in the string quickly evaporates in mid-air, creating a continuous strand. Silly String is often used during weddings, birthday parties, carnivals and other festive occasions, and has also been used by the U.S. military to detect tripwires.

Party
A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature food and beverages, and generally conversation, music, dancing, or other forms of entertainment.

Some parties are held in honor of a specific person, day, or event, such as a birthday party, a Super Bowl party, or a St. Patrick's Day party. Parties of this kind are often called celebrations. A party is not necessarily a private occasion. Public parties are sometimes held in parks, restaurants, pubs, beer gardens, nightclubs, or bars, and people attending such parties may be charged an admission fee by the host. Large parties in public streets may celebrate events such as Mardi Gras or the signing of a peace treaty ending a long war.
Grand Lake o' the Cherokees
Grand Lake o' the Cherokees, often simply called Grand Lake, is a lake situated in Northeast Oklahoma in the foothills of the Ozark Mountain Range. It is administered by the Grand River Dam Authority. It is one of Oklahoma's 'Big Three' lakes, along with Lake Eufaula and  Lake Tenkiller.

The lake is surrounded by the towns of  Grove to the northeast,   Bernice to the north,  Langley and  Disney to the southeast, and  Jay to the south. The center peninsula of the lake is referred to as  Monkey Island.

Disney, Oklahoma
Disney is a town in Mayes County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 222 at the 2020 census, down from 311 in 2010. The town is named for former Oklahoma U.S. Congressman Wesley E. Disney and has no affiliation with The Walt Disney Company or Walt Disney.
Isolepis bicolor
Isolepis bicolor is a species of plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. The plant is endemic to Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale Island, Inaccessible Island and Gough Island. Its natural habitats are subantarctic forests, subantarctic shrubland, and swamps.

Nightingale Island
Nightingale Island is an active volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi) in area, part of the Tristan da Cunha group of islands. They are administered by the United Kingdom as part of the overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Nightingale Island is part of the Nightingale Islands, which also includes islets Middle Island and Stoltenhoff Island. All three of these islands are uninhabited, but are regularly visited for scientific purposes and research. It is one of the only stops for birds in the Atlantic and millions of them visit it annually.
Bookmark (TV series)
Bookmark is a BBC documentary series about literature, and in particular the lives of authors, broadcast on BBC Two from 1983 to 1999. The first episode was described in the Radio Times as offering insight into "the stories behind the books you read" and was a magazine format presented by Simon Winchester (1983), later Ian Hamilton (1984–1987).

Later series were mostly single or two-part film studies of an author and his or her works, along similar lines to Arena and Omnibus. These included Philip Larkin, A. S. Byatt, H. G. Wells, Enid Blyton and Rev. W. Awdry ("The Thomas the Tank Engine Man"). The current director of the British Library, Roly Keating, was editor of the programme from 1993 to 1996.

Wilbert Awdry
Wilbert Vere Awdry OBE (15 June 1911 – 21 March 1997), often credited as Rev. W. Awdry, was an English Anglican priest, railway enthusiast, and children's author.  He was the creator of Thomas the Tank Engine and several other characters who appeared in his Railway Series.
King Abdullah Economic City
King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC, /ˈkeɪk/; Arabic: مدينة الملك عبد الله الاقتصادية) is a planned city in Rabigh Governorate, Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia. It was announced as a megaproject in 2005 by King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz. It is located in close proximity to Thuwal, almost 100 km (62 mi) north of Jeddah.

It was one of six megaprojects that were announced in 2005 and is the only one that was launched. By 2018, The Financial Times wrote that the city had not attracted investment or become a hub for logistics and manufacturing, contrary to the grand plans behind the project. By 2018, the city had a population of 7,000.

Ministry of Investment (Saudi Arabia)
The Ministry of Investment (Arabic: وزارة الاستثمار) is a government ministry in Saudi Arabia responsible for overseeing foreign investment in the Kingdom. It issues licenses to foreign investors and works to develop the country’s investment environment.
Nathan Road
Nathan Road (Chinese: 彌敦道) is the main thoroughfare in Kowloon, Hong Kong, aligned south–north from Tsim Sha Tsui to Sham Shui Po. It is lined with shops and restaurants and throngs with visitors, and was known in the post–World War II years as the Golden Mile, a name that is now rarely used. It starts on the southern part of Kowloon at its junction with Salisbury Road, a few metres north of Victoria Harbour, and ends at its intersection with Boundary Street in the north. Portions of the Kwun Tong and Tsuen Wan lines (Prince Edward, Mong Kok, Yau Ma Tei, Jordan and Tsim Sha Tsui) run underneath Nathan Road. The total length of Nathan Road is about 3.6 km (2.2 mi).

Cornwall Court fire
The Cornwall Court Fire (Chinese: 嘉禾大廈五級火) was a building fire incident in Hong Kong. It began in a nightclub and karaoke bar on the morning of Sunday 10 August 2008, killing four people, including two firefighters, and injuring a further 55 people.