hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ringinglow
Ringinglow is a village in the western section of Sheffield, England. It is on the western border of Ecclesall Ward, and although it is within the boundary of Sheffield, it is self-contained, being entirely surrounded by open countryside. The village now falls within the Fulwood ward of the City.

The village is focussed on the intersections of Fulwood Lane and Sheephill Road (historically this section was known as Houndkirk Road) with Ringinglow Road. The sources of the Porter Brook and Limb Brook, both tributaries of the River Sheaf, are near the village. The Norfolk Arms, a pub in the village, is often used as a staging-post by ramblers following one of these rivers out of Sheffield towards the Peak District National Park, the eastern boundary of which runs through the village. The Peak District Boundary Walk runs through the village.

Porter Brook
The Porter Brook is a river which flows through the City of Sheffield, England, descending over 1,000 feet (300 m) from its source on Burbage Moor to the west of the city to its mouth where it joins the River Sheaf in a culvert beneath Sheffield railway station. Like the other rivers in Sheffield, its steep gradient made it ideal for powering water mills and works associated with the metalworking and cutlery industries, and around 20 dams were constructed over the centuries to facilitate this. At its lower end, it is extensively culverted, but parts of it are gradually being restored to open channels, as part of a daylighting scheme for the city.

The brook derives its name from its brownish colour, similar to the colour of Porter beer.
Himmel und Erde
Himmel und Erde ('Heaven and earth') is a traditional German dish of mashed potato with stewed apples. It is frequently served with sliced blood sausage.

The dish is popular in the Rhineland, Westphalia, Lower Saxony and, historically, in Silesia. It has been known since the 18th century. 
In the Rhineland the dish is frequently written Himmel un Ääd, to reflect local dialect pronunciation.

Blood sausage
A blood sausage is a sausage filled with blood that is cooked or dried and mixed with a filler until it is thick enough to solidify when cooled. Most commonly, the blood of pigs, sheep, lamb, cow, chicken, or goose is used.

In Europe and the Americas, typical fillers include meat, fat, suet, bread, cornmeal, onion, chestnuts, barley, oatmeal, and buckwheat. On the Iberian Peninsula and in Latin America and Asia, fillers are often made with rice. Sweet variants with sugar, honey, orange peel, and spices are also regional specialties.

In many languages, a general term such as blood sausage (American English) is used for all sausages that are made from blood, whether or not they include non-animal material such as bread, cereal, and nuts. Sausages that include such material are often referred to with more specific terms, such as black pudding in English. Other varieties of blood sausage include boudin rouge (Creole and Cajun), rellena or moronga (Mexico), and sanganel (Friuli).
2004 Cypriot Annan Plan referendums
A referendum on the Annan Plan was held in the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus on 24 April 2004. The two communities were asked whether they approved of the fifth revision of the United Nations proposal for reuniting the island, which had been divided since 1974. While it was approved by 65% of Turkish Cypriots, it was rejected by 76% of Greek Cypriots. Turnout for the referendum was high at 89% among Greek Cypriots and 87% among Turkish Cypriots, which was taken as indicative of great interest in the issue on the part of the electorates.

Tassos Papadopoulos
Efstathios "Tassos" Nikolaou Papadopoulos (Greek: Ευστάθιος (Τάσσος) Νικολάου Παπαδόπουλος; 7 January 1934 – 12 December 2008) was a Cypriot politician and barrister, who served as President of Cyprus from 2003 to 2008.

An experienced member of the Makarios III’s cabinet, Papadopoulos took charge of the country’s parliament in 1976, two years after the Turkish invasion, and became one the island’s most notable proponents of a hardline position on Cypriot reunification. It was this sentiment that he successfully employed as a candidate in the 2003 presidential election, after which he directed the population to reject the Annan Plan. However, his inability to negotiate an alternative contributed to his failure to win re-election in 2008, despite generally maintaining high approval ratings during his presidency.
Yang Hui
Yang Hui (simplified Chinese: 杨辉; traditional Chinese: 楊輝; pinyin: Yáng Huī; ca. 1238–1298), courtesy name Qianguang (謙光), was a Chinese mathematician and writer of the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties. Originally, from Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Yang worked on magic squares, magic circles and the binomial theorem, and is best known for his contribution of presenting Yang Hui's triangle. This triangle was the same as Pascal's triangle, discovered by Yang's predecessor Jia Xian. Yang was also a contemporary of Qin Jiushao, another well-known Chinese mathematician.

Binomial theorem
In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial. According to the theorem, the power ⁠⁠ expands into a polynomial with terms of the form ⁠⁠, where the exponents ⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠ are nonnegative integers satisfying ⁠⁠ and the coefficient ⁠⁠ of each term is a specific positive integer depending on ⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠. For example, for ⁠⁠,

The coefficient ⁠⁠ in each term ⁠⁠ is known as the binomial coefficient ⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠ (the two have the same value). These coefficients for varying ⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠ can be arranged to form Pascal's triangle. These numbers also occur in combinatorics, where ⁠⁠ gives the number of different combinations (i.e. subsets) of ⁠⁠ elements that can be chosen from an ⁠⁠-element set. Therefore ⁠⁠ is usually pronounced as "⁠⁠ choose ⁠⁠".
Communauté de communes de Chénérailles
The communauté de communes de Chénérailles (Community of communes of Chénérailles) was located in the Creuse département of the Limousin region of central France. It was created in January 2002. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Marche et Combraille en Aquitaine in January 2017.

It comprised the following 10 communes:

Le Chauchet

Chénérailles

Issoudun-Létrieix

Lavaveix-les-Mines

Peyrat-la-Nonière

Puy-Malsignat

Saint-Chabrais

Saint-Dizier-la-Tour

Saint-Médard-la-Rochette

Saint-Pardoux-les-Cards

Communauté de communes Marche et Combraille en Aquitaine
The Communauté de communes Marche et Combraille en Aquitaine is a communauté de communes, an intercommunal structure, in the Creuse department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, central France. It was created in January 2017 by the merger of the former communautés de communes Chénérailles, Auzances-Bellegarde and Haut Pays Marchois. Its area is 964.8 km2, and its population was 13,476 in 2018. Its seat is in Auzances.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3. It is usually referred to by its ISO common name 2,4-D. It is a systemic herbicide that kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth, but most grasses such as cereals, lawn turf, and grassland are relatively unaffected.

2,4-D is one of the oldest and most widely available herbicides and defoliants in the world, having been commercially available since 1945, and is now produced by many chemical companies since the patent on it has long since expired. It can be found in numerous commercial lawn herbicide mixtures, and is widely used as a weedkiller on cereal crops, pastures, and orchards. Over 1,500 herbicide products contain 2,4-D as an active ingredient.

Defoliant
A defoliant is any herbicidal chemical sprayed or dusted on plants to cause their leaves to fall off. Defoliants are widely used for the selective removal of weeds in managing croplands and lawns. Worldwide use of defoliants, along with the development of other herbicides and pesticides, allowed for the Green Revolution, an increase in agricultural production in mid-20th century. Defoliants have also been used in warfare as a means to deprive an enemy of food crops and/or hiding cover, most notably by the United Kingdom during the Malayan Emergency and the United States in the Vietnam War. Defoliants were also used by Indonesian forces in various internal security operations.
Matthew Boulton (actor)
Matthew Boulton (20 January 1893 – 10 February 1962) was a British stage and film character actor, who often played police officers and military officers. Having established himself in the theatre, he began taking supporting roles in films including an appearance in Alfred Hitchcock's Sabotage. He subsequently emigrated to Hollywood where he worked for the remainder of his career. His films in America include The Woman in Green (1945) and The Woman in White (1948).

The Woman in White (1948 film)
The Woman in White is a 1948 American historical mystery drama film directed by Peter Godfrey  and starring Alexis Smith, Eleanor Parker, Sydney Greenstreet, and Gig Young. It was produced and distributed by the Hollywood studio Warner Bros. Pictures. The screenplay is based on Wilkie Collins' 1860 novel The Woman in White and is set in Victorian England.
Szeged
Szeged (/ˈsɛɡɛd/ SEG-ed, Hungarian: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ⓘ; see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongrád-Csanád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.

Subotica
Subotica (Serbian Cyrillic: Суботица, pronounced [sǔbotitsa] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szabadka, pronounced [ˈsɒbɒtkɒ]) is a city in Central Europe and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province, following the city of Novi Sad. According to the 2022 census, the city proper has a population of 88,752, while the population of the administrative area of the city stands at 123,952 people.
Neferkare VIII
Neferkare VIII was the second pharaoh of the 10th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (between 2130 and 2040 BCE, during the First Intermediate Period).

The praenomen "Neferkare" suggests he considered himself a legitimate successor of Pepi II Neferkare of the 6th Dynasty, much like the many namesake Memphite kings of the Eighth Dynasty. He likely was the eighth king to bear this name – hence the "VIII" – although many of his predecessors are sometimes called by a combination of their praenomen and nomen (for example, Neferkare Tereru, or Neferkare Khendu).

He is definitely attested only on the Turin King List, since he is not known by any archaeological find. It is highly unlikely that Neferkare VIII and the enigmatic king Ka-nefer-re mentioned in the tomb of the nomarch Ankhtifi are the same person, and it is somewhat more likely that Kaneferre should rather be identified with Neferkare VII of the previous 9th Dynasty.

Ankhtifi
Ankhtifi (or Ankhtify) was an ancient Egyptian nobleman, administrator, and military commander. The nomarch of Nekhen and a supporter of the pharaoh in Heracleopolis Magna (10th Dynasty), which was locked in a conflict with the Theban based 11th Dynasty kingdom for control of Egypt. Hence, Ankhtifi was possibly a rival to the Theban rulers Mentuhotep I and Intef I. He lived during the First Intermediate Period, after the Egyptian Old Kingdom state had collapsed, and at a time when economic hardship, political instability, and foreign invasion challenged the fabric of Egyptian society.
Steiner-Optik
Steiner-Optik (also rendered as Steiner Optics) is a manufacturer of optical equipment for the military, hunting and marine sector. The company is headquartered in Bayreuth, northern Bavaria, and has been part of the Beretta Group since 2008. Steiner manufactures products for the civilian market as well as for the defense industry. Its product range includes binoculars for military and police use, rifle scope sights and spotting scopes for hunting, seafaring, outdoor and ornithology. Every year 200,000 to 250,000 binoculars are produced, of which 80% are exported.

Binoculars
Binoculars or field glasses are two refracting telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. Most binoculars are sized to be held using both hands, although sizes vary widely from opera glasses to large pedestal-mounted military models.

Unlike a (monocular) telescope, binoculars give users a three-dimensional image: each eyepiece presents a slightly different image to each of the viewer's eyes and the parallax allows the visual cortex to generate an impression of depth.
Nastro d'Argento for Best Director
The  Nastro d'Argento (Silver Ribbon) for Best Director (Italian: Nastro d'argento al regista del miglior film) is a film award bestowed annually as part of the Nastro d'Argento awards since 1946, organized by the Italian National Association of Film Journalists (Sindacato Nazionale dei Giornalisti Cinematografici Italiani or SNGCI), the national association of Italian film critics.

This is the list of Nastro d'Argento awards for Best Director. Federico Fellini is the record holder with seven Nastro d'Argento awards for Best Director received from 1954 to 1984 (also the only one awarded in two consecutive editions, in 1954 in 1955 for the films I vitelloni and La Strada), followed by Luchino Visconti, Gianni Amelio and Giuseppe Tornatore, with four awards each.

Matteo Garrone
Matteo Garrone (born October 15, 1968) is an Italian filmmaker. His notable works include Gomorrah (2008), Reality (2012), Tale of Tales (2015), Dogman (2018), Pinocchio (2019) and Io capitano (2023). He is a ten-time David di Donatello Award (3 for Best Film, 4 for Best Director, 3 for Best Screenplay) and three-time Nastro d'Argento Award winner, among other accolades.
I Wouldn't Trade You for the World
"I Wouldn't Trade You for the World" is a song by Irish pop group The Bachelors, released as a single in August 1964. It reached number-one in Ireland, became a top-ten hit in the UK and peaked in the top-100 in the US.

The Bachelors
The Bachelors were a popular music group, originally from Dublin, Ireland, but based primarily in the United Kingdom. They had several international hits during the 1960s, including eight top-ten singles in the UK between 1963 and 1966.
Tomislav Karadžić
Tomislav "Tole" Karadžić (Serbian Cyrillic: Томислав Толе Караџић; born 10 February 1939) is a Serbian businessman and football administrator. From 2008 to 2016, he served in his second stint as the president of the Football Association of Serbia (FSS).

Football Association of Serbia
The Football Association of Serbia (Serbian: Фудбалски савез Србије, ФСС / Fudbalski savez Srbije, FSS) is the governing body of football in Serbia, based in Belgrade. It organizes Serbian football leagues, namely the Serbian Superliga, the Serbia national football team, as well as the Second Leagues.

FSS was part of the Football Association of Yugoslavia, which was founded in April 13, 1919 in Zagreb then the new Football Association of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. It was established as Football Association of Serbia in 2006 after the split of Montenegro and Serbia as two different independent countries. Javier Clemente was appointed the first coach of the Serbia national football team. The current head coach is Dragan Stojković.
1992 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 1992 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 29th staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1964. The championship began on 8 May 1992 and ended on 27 September 1992.

Galway were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Offaly in the All-Ireland semi-final.

On 27 September 1992, Waterford won the championship following a 0-12 to 2-3 defeat of Offaly in a replay of the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title in the under-21 grade.

Offaly's Johnny Dooley was the championship's top scorer with 0-38.

Johnny Dooley (hurler)
Johnny Dooley (born 7 October 1971 in Clareen, County Offaly) is an Irish former hurling manager and player.  He played hurling with his local club Clareen GAA and was a member of the Offaly senior inter-county team from 1991 until 2002.  Dooley served as manager of the Westmeath senior inter-county team from 2007 until 2008.
Chorente, Góios, Courel, Pedra Furada e Gueral
Chorente, Góios, Courel, Pedra Furada e Gueral is a civil parish in the municipality of Barcelos, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Chorente, Góios, Courel, Pedra Furada and Gueral. The population in 2011 was 2,568, in an area of 16.09 km².

Barcelos, Portugal
Barcelos (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐɾˈsɛluʃ] ⓘ) is a city and a municipality in Braga District in the Minho Province, in the north of Portugal. The city of Barcelos had 26,042 inhabitants in 2021, while the municipality had 116,959 inhabitants in 2024 across an area of 378.90 square kilometres (146.29 mi2). With 61 parishes, it is the municipality with the highest number of parishes in the country. Barcelos lies on the Portuguese Way, a Christian pilgrimage route connecting to the Camino de Santiago.

It is known for the Rooster of Barcelos and for its textile and adobe industries, as well as its horseback riding events and "figurado" style of pottery, which are comical figurines with accentuated features of farmers, folk musicians, and nativity scene characters. Barcelos is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a Crafts and Folk Art City.
Celorico de Basto
Celorico de Basto  (Portuguese: [sɨluˈɾiku ðɨ ˈβaʃtu] ⓘ) is a municipality in Braga District in Portugal. The population in 2021 was 17,643, in an area of 181.07 square kilometres (69.91 sq mi). The town of Celorico de Basto has around 2,500 inhabitants. The municipality is located bordering the municipality of Cabeceiras de Basto to the north, Mondim de Basto to the east, Amarante to the south, Felgueiras to the southeast and Fafe to the west.

The present mayor is José Peixoto Lima, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is July 25, when they celebrate James the Great (São Tiago).

Celorico de Basto has been occupied since ancient times, as witness marks in the most ancient civilisations have left here.

Braga District
Braga District (Portuguese: Distrito de Braga [ˈbɾaɣɐ] ⓘ) is a district in the northwest of Portugal. The district capital is the city of Braga, and it is bordered by the district of Viana do Castelo in the north, Vila Real in the east, Galicia (a Spanish autonomous community) in the northeast and Porto in the south. Its area is 2,673 km2 (1,032 sq mi) and it has a population of 831,368. It takes its name from the Bracarii, a Celtic tribe.
Lakshmi (2006 film)
Lakshmi is a 2006 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by V. V. Vinayak and produced by Nallamalupu Bujji. The film stars Venkatesh, Nayanthara, and Charmme. The music was composed by Ramana Gogula, with cinematography by Chota K. Naidu. The film was a blockbuster at the box office and also marked Nayanthara's Telugu debut.

The film was remade in Indian Bengali in 2007 as Sangharsha and in Bangladeshi Bengali in 2008 as Pita Matar Amanot.

Chota K. Naidu
Chota K. Naidu (born 3 July 1962) is an Indian cinematographer known for his work primarily in Telugu cinema. Naidu has received two state Nandi Awards for his work in Anji (2004) and Kotha Bangaru Lokam (2008), along with two Filmfare Awards South for Kotha Bangaru Lokam and Damarukam (2012).

His contributions as a Director of Photography (DOP) in Telugu, Tamil, and Hindi films, as well as in television, have been widely appreciated over the past 30 years. He is a member of the Indian Society of Cinematographers, the South Indian Cinematographers Association, and the Telugu Cinematographers Association.
Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Alvaro Pascual-Leone (born 7 August 1961 in Valencia, Spain) is a Spanish-American Professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School, with which he has been affiliated since 1997. He is currently a Senior Scientist at the Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife. He was previously the Director of the Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Program Director of the Harvard-Thorndike Clinical Research Center of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) in Boston, Massachusetts is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and one of the founding members of Beth Israel Lahey Health. It was formed out of the 1996 merger of Beth Israel Hospital (founded in 1916 by the Jewish community) and New England Deaconess Hospital (founded in 1896 by Methodist deaconesses). Among independent teaching hospitals, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has ranked in the top three recipients of biomedical research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Research funding totals nearly $200 million annually. BIDMC researchers run more than 850 active sponsored projects and 200 clinical trials. The Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center, the oldest clinical research laboratory in the United States, has been located on this site since 1973.
Teapa Municipality
Teapa is a municipality in the Mexican state of Tabasco, located in the southeastern part of the country near the Gulf of Mexico and bordering the state of Chiapas. Declared a Pueblo Mágico (Magic Town) for its landscape and traditions, its main attractions include the Grutas de Coconá caves and the historic Estación del Ferrocarril. It is also a significant center for banana production.

Tabasco
Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa.

It is located in southeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the northeast, Veracruz to the west, and Chiapas to the south and the Petén department of Guatemala to the southeast. It has a coastline to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the state is covered in rainforest as, unlike most other areas of Mexico, it has plentiful rainfall year-round. The state is also home to La Venta, the major site of the Olmec civilization, considered to be the origin of later Mesoamerican cultures. It produces significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas.
Lake County, Oregon
Lake County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,160. Its county seat is Lakeview. The county is named after the many lakes found within its boundaries, including Lake Abert, Summer Lake, Hart Lake, and Goose Lake.

Lake County is in the high desert region known as the Oregon Outback, on the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The county is generally divided between the communities around Lakeview and Paisley to the south and the communities around Christmas Valley, Fort Rock, and Silver Lake to the north.

Its economy consists largely of agriculture and natural resource management and extraction. It is home to many large cattle ranches, hay farms, and timber holdings (both public and private), as well as several frontier towns and early 20th-century homesteads. Although lumber was once a primary economic driver in Lake County, today only one mill remains, at Lakeview.

Oregon Outback
Oregon Outback is an unofficial term generally used to reference the high desert Basin and Range country of the central southern portion of the U.S. state of Oregon and covers most of Lake County, Klamath County, Malheur County, and Harney County.

The term is also used for a dark-sky preserve established in 2024 by DarkSky International.