hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Robert Copeland
William Robert Copeland (1799–1867) was an English theatre manager. He was born in Deal, Kent, the son of Robert Copeland who managed the Dover theatre circuit. His sister Fanny became the noted actress Fanny Fitzwilliam.
In his early years he was apprenticed to a chemist.

During his career in the theatre he became the lessee and manager of the Theatre Royal, Liverpool and proprietor of the Royal Amphitheatre, Liverpool (1843). He also managed the Strand Theatre, London, which he called "Punch's Playhouse", from May 1851 to May 1852.

Copeland married Douglas Jerrold's sister Elizabeth Sarah Lambe Jerrold and the couple had at least 6 children.

Copeland died on 29 May 1867 aged 68. He was buried at Smithdown Lane Cemetery, Liverpool on 8 June 1867.

Royal Strand Theatre
The Royal Strand Theatre was located in the Strand in the City of Westminster. The theatre was built on the site of a panorama in 1832, and in 1882 was rebuilt by the prolific theatre architect Charles J. Phipps. It was demolished in 1905 to make way for Aldwych tube station.
Dykeland
Dykeland is a historic home located near Chula, Amelia County, Virginia. It is a two-story, wood-frame house reflecting two architectural styles and three periods of construction.  It consists of a two-story vernacular section built about 1838 and attached 1+1⁄2-story rear wing dating to the early-19th century. A two-story Italianate section dates to 1856-1857 and features a hipped roof. A one-story Italianate-style porch unifies the two sections. Also on the property are a contributing smokehouse and shed.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Chula, Virginia
Chula is a mostly rural unincorporated community in the northeastern part of Amelia County just west of the Appomattox River in the U.S. state of Virginia. The town is centered around the T-intersection of SR 636 (Lodore Road) and SR 740 (Old Chula Road) in Giles District. Chula is just west of SR 604 (Chula Road), which includes a short bypass segment built around the town in the late 20th century. The area is served by the post office 7 miles (10 km) southwest at Amelia Court House, ZIP code 23002. The nearest fire station to Chula is Amelia County Volunteer Fire Department Station 4, near Mattoax, 3 miles (5 km) north.
Marco Polo (2014 TV series)
Marco Polo is an American drama television series inspired by Marco Polo's early years in the court of Kublai Khan, the Khagan of the Mongol Empire and the founder of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). The show premiered on Netflix on December 12, 2014. The series was created by John Fusco and stars Lorenzo Richelmy in the title role, with Benedict Wong as Kublai Khan. It was produced by The Weinstein Company. On January 7, 2015, Marco Polo was renewed by Netflix for a 10-episode second season, which premiered on July 1, 2016.

On December 12, 2016, Netflix announced that they had canceled Marco Polo after two seasons. Sources told The Hollywood Reporter that the two seasons resulted in a $200 million loss for Netflix, and the decision to cancel was jointly taken by Netflix and The Weinstein Company.

Kaidu
Kaidu (/ˈkaɪdu/; Middle Mongol: ᠬᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠤ [ˈqʰaɪd̥ʊ], Modern Mongol: Хайду, Khaidu [ˈχæːtʊ̽]; c. 1235 – 1301) was a grandson of Ögedei Khan (1186–1241) and thus leader of the House of Ögedei and the de facto khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of the Mongol Empire. He ruled parts of modern-day Xinjiang and Central Asia during the 13th century, and actively opposed his cousin, Kublai, who established the Yuan dynasty. Medieval chroniclers often mistranslated Kadan as Kaidu, mistakenly placing Kaidu at the Battle of Legnica. Kadan was the brother of Güyük, and Kaidu's uncle.
Family Support Act
The Family Support Act of 1988 (Pub. L. 100–485, 102 Stat. 2343, enacted October 13, 1988) was a federal law that amended Title IV of the Social Security Act to revise the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program to emphasize work, child support and family benefits, as well as on withholding the wages of absentee parents. The Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training program (JOBS) was a welfare-to-work program created by the Family Support Act to replace the Work Incentive program (WIN).

An Associated Press article said that the law "required teen mothers who receive public assistance to remain in high school and, in some cases, to live with their parents."

Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training program
The Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training program (JOBS) was a welfare-to-work program created by the Family Support Act of 1988 to replace the Work Incentive program (WIN) created by the Social Security Act Amendments of 1967. The Family Support Act put the program under titles IV-A and IV-F of the Social Security Act, and the regulations were codified at 45 CFR 250.

JOBS was replaced by the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program in 1997 pursuant to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996.
Patrizia Piacentini
Patrizia Piacentini (born December 19, 1961) is an Italian Egyptologist, archaeologist, and professor at the University of Milan.

Since 2018, she has been co-directing with Khaled al-Anani, former Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, the Egyptian-Italian Mission at West Aswan (EIMAWA) in Aswan, Egypt. While excavating burials near the Mausoleum of Aga Khan, they have found ancient Egyptian tombs in the hillside dating to the Greco-Roman era.

She has been a member of the Accademia dei Lincei since 2022.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
Presidio La Bahía
The Presidio Nuestra Señora de Loreto de la Bahía, known more commonly as Presidio La Bahía, or simply La Bahía, is a fort constructed by the Spanish Army.  It became the center of a community that developed into what is now the  city of Goliad, Texas, United States. The current location dates to 1747.

During the Texas Revolution, the presidio was the site of the Battle of Goliad in October 1835, and the Goliad massacre in March 1836.

It was restored in the 1960s and was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1967. While several adjacent historical sites in Goliad are now part of the Texas state parks system, La Bahía is owned by the Catholic Diocese of Victoria, Texas. It is operated as a public museum. Along with the San Antonio Missions, and the Ysleta and Soccorro Missions in El Paso, It is one of the most important extant Spanish Colonial Missions in Texas.

James Fannin
James Walker Fannin Jr. (January 1, 1804 – March 27, 1836) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Texian Army during the Texas Revolution. After being outnumbered and surrendering to the Mexican Army at the Battle of Coleto Creek, Fannin and his fellow prisoners of war were massacred soon afterward at Goliad, Texas, under Antonio López de Santa Anna's orders. He was memorialized in several place names, including a military training camp and a major city street in Houston.
Mizuko Ito
Mizuko Itō (sometimes rendered as Mizuko Ito), sometimes known as Mimi Ito (伊藤瑞子, Itō Mizuko; born 22 July 1968), is a Japanese cultural anthropologist and learning scientist. She is Professor in Residence and John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Chair in Digital Media and Learning, and Director of the Connected Learning Lab in the Department of Informatics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Irvine.  Her main professional interest is young people's use of media technology. She has explored the ways in which digital media are changing relationships, identities, and communities.

Her work has been featured in Wired, CNN, NPR, The Hill, The New York Times, EdSurge, LitHub, the Atlantic, Fast Company, LifeWire, Gizmodo, and USA Today.

Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences
The UC Irvine Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences (ICS) is the information school of the University of California, Irvine (UCI). Consisting of nearly three thousand students, faculty, and staff, the school has three buildings in the southeast section of UCI's undergraduate campus, and maintains student body and research affiliations throughout UCI.

The school of ICS consists of three departments: Computer Science, Informatics, and Statistics. The combined groupings focus the school around the fields of computing and information processing. The departments confer eight undergraduate, eleven masters, and seven doctoral degrees in total, with some degree programs cooperating with affiliated schools.
Mihail Șerban (biochemist)
Mihail Șerban (June 11, 1930 – July 7, 2004) was a Romanian biochemist.

Born in Craiova, he attended the city's Carol I High School. He then graduated from the chemistry faculty of the University of Bucharest, following which he earned a doctorate in 1963. Until the end of his life, he taught biochemistry at the veterinary medicine faculty of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. His research focused on the comparative biochemistry of cerebral and muscular proteins, enzymology, synthesis of new molecular compounds with applications in biochemistry, and mechanisms of metabolic regulation and control. Together or in collaboration, he authored fourteen monographs and some 280 articles, many of which were reviewed and cited abroad. He patented eighteen inventions. Elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1991, he was raised to titular membership in 2001.

Carol I National College
The Carol I National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național Carol I din Craiova) is a high school located in central Craiova, Romania, on Ioan Maiorescu Street. It is one of the most prestigious secondary education institutions in Romania.
Between 1947 and 1997 it operated under the name of Nicolae Bălcescu High School.
Bicycle tire
A bicycle tire is a tire that fits on the wheel of a bicycle or similar vehicle. These tires may also be used on tricycles,  wheelchairs, and handcycles, frequently for racing. Bicycle tires provide an important source of suspension, generate the lateral forces necessary for balancing and turning, and generate the longitudinal forces necessary for propulsion and braking.  Although the use of a pneumatic tire greatly reduces rolling resistance compared to the use of a rigid wheel or solid tire, the tires are still typically the second largest source, after wind resistance (air drag), of power consumption on a level road. The modern detachable pneumatic bicycle tire contributed to the popularity and eventual dominance of the safety bicycle.

Bicycle tires are also used on unicycles, tricycles, quadracycles, tandem bicycles, hand cycles, bicycle trailers, trailer bikes, and wheelchairs. Bicycle tyre sizings often fall under ISO 5775

Wheelchair racing
Wheelchair racing is the racing of wheelchairs in track and road races. Wheelchair racing is open to athletes with any qualifying type of disability, including leg amputees, spinal cord injuries, and cerebral palsy. Athletes are classified in accordance with the nature and severity of their disability or combinations of disabilities. Like running, it can take place on a track or as a road race. The main competitions take place at the Summer Paralympics which wheelchair racing and athletics has been a part of since 1960. Competitors compete in specialized wheelchairs which allow the athletes to reach speeds of 30 km/h (18.6 mph) or more. It is one of the most prominent forms of Paralympic athletics.
Robert McLaren (cricketer)
Robert Stewart McLaren (10 May 1919 — 20 August 2006) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and British Army officer.

McLaren was born at Perth in May 1919, where he was educated at Perth Academy. During the Second World War, McLaren was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Black Watch in February 1943. A club cricketer for Carlton Cricket Club, he made his debut for Scotland in first-class cricket against Warwickshire on Scotland's 1947 tour of England. He played first-class cricket for Scotland until 1949, making six appearances. Playing as a wicket-keeper in the Scotland team, he took 6 catches and made 7 stumpings. A true tailend batsman, he scored 23 runs at an average of 2.87. He joined Dunfermline Cricket Club in November 1953. Outside of cricket, he worked firstly as a bank clerk, before becoming the manager of a steel plant. McLaren died in England at Torquay in August 2006.

Perth Academy
Perth Academy is a state comprehensive secondary school in Perth, Scotland. It was founded in 1696. The institution is a non-denominational one. The school occupies ground on the side of a hill in the Viewlands area of Perth, and is within the Perth and Kinross Council area.
Tambohorano
Tambohorano is a rural municipality on the west coast of Madagascar approximately 290 kilometres north-west of the capital Antananarivo. It belongs to the district of Maintirano, which is a part of Melaky Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in 2001.

Tambohorano is on the West coast of Madagascar, 60 km North of Maintirano. It has a local airport and a maritime harbour. 
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 65% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 20% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are wheat, coconuts, cassava and barley.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 10% of the population.

Maintirano District
Maintirano is a district in western Madagascar. It is a part of Melaky Region and borders the districts of Besalampy in north, Morafenobe in east and Antsalova in south. The area is 10,031 km2 (3,873 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 122,505 in 2020.
Bangor East and Donaghadee (District Electoral Area)
Bangor East and Donaghadee is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Ards and North Down, Northern Ireland. The district elects six members to Ards and North Down Borough Council and contains the wards of Ballycrochan, Ballymagee, Donaghadee, Groomsport, Silverbirch and Warren. Bangor East and Donaghadee forms part of the North Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 2014 local elections, largely replacing the Ballyholme and Groomsport DEA, and parts of the Ards East DEA, which had existed since 1985 and 1993 respectively.

Ards East (District Electoral Area)
Ards East was one of the four district electoral areas in Ards, Northern Ireland which existed from 1993 to 2014. The district elected six members to Ards Borough Council and formed part of the North Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament, and part of the Strangford constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1993 local elections, and contained the wards of Donaghadee North, Donaghadee South, Gregstown, Loughries, Millisle and Movilla. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and replaced by the Bangor East and Donaghadee DEA and Newtownards DEA.
Robert Weisberg
Robert I. Weisberg is an American lawyer. He is the Edwin E. Huddleson Jr. Professor of Law at Stanford Law School. Weisberg is an authority on criminal law and criminal procedure, as well as a scholar in the law and literature movement.

Law and literature
The law and literature movement focuses on connections between law and literature. This field has roots in two developments in the intellectual history of law—first, the growing doubt about whether law in isolation is a source of value and meaning, or whether it must be plugged into a large cultural or philosophical or social-science context to give it value and meaning; and, second, the growing focus on the mutability of meaning in all texts, whether literary or legal.  Work in the field comprises two complementary perspectives: Law in literature (understanding issues as they are explored in literary texts, thus studying law portrayed in literature) and law as literature (understanding legal texts with literary interpretation, analysis, and critique, ergo, examining law as literature to be understood).
West Horsley
West Horsley is a semi-rural village between Guildford and Leatherhead in Surrey, England. It lies on the A246, and south of the M25 and the A3. Its civil parish ascends to an ancient woodland Sheepleas Woods which are on the northern downslopes of the ridge of hills known as the North Downs in the extreme south of the village, and cover about a tenth of its area, 255 acres (1 km2).  The bulk of its land is north of the Surrey Hills AONB; the rest is within it.

Bamber Gascoigne
Arthur Bamber Gascoigne CBE FRSL (/ˈɡæskɔɪn/ GASK-oyn; 24 January 1935 – 8 February 2022) was an English television presenter and author. He was the original quizmaster of University Challenge, which initially ran from 1962 to 1987.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy is a peer-reviewed medical journal which covers antimicrobial chemotherapy, including laboratory aspects and clinical use of antimicrobial agents. It is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and was established in 1975. In January 2015 J. Peter Donnelly (Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre) became the eighth editor-in-chief replacing Alan P. Johnson (Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom). The journal has had two previous publishers. All content is available for free after 12 months while authors also have the option to have their articles published immediately as open access.

Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Antimicrobial chemotherapy is the clinical application of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases.

There are five types of antimicrobial chemotherapy:

Antibacterial chemotherapy, the use of antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial infections

Antifungal chemotherapy, the use of antifungal drugs to treat fungal infections

Anthelminthic chemotherapy, the use of antihelminthic drugs to treat worm infections

Antiprotozoal chemotherapy, the use of antiprotozoal drugs to treat protozoan infections

Antiviral chemotherapy, the use of antiviral drugs to treat viral infections
2013 PDL season
The 2013 USL Premier Development League season was the 19th season of the PDL. The regular season began on May 4 with three matches and ended on July 21 with nine matches. The regular season was followed by a postseason tournament of conference winners to determine the league's champion. Four teams were added to the league and 13 teams dropped, bringing the total number of teams in the league to 64 across nine divisions for 2013.

Miami Dutch Lions FC
Miami Dutch Lions FC is an American professional soccer club based in the Miami metropolitan area. The Lions competes in National Premier Soccer League, as a member of the Sunshine Conference. The club was founded in Conroe, Texas in 2011, before relocating to Olympia Heights, Florida in 2019. They are owned by Martin Kroeze.
Sedelnikovsky District
Sedelnikovsky District (Russian: Седе́льниковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 5,200 square kilometers (2,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Sedelnikovo. Population: 10,943 (2010 Census);  12,211 (2002 Census); 12,890 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sedelnikovo accounts for 48.6% of the district's total population.

Sedelnikovo, Omsk Oblast
Sedelnikovo (Russian: Седе́льниково) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Sedelnikovsky District, Omsk Oblast, Russia. Population:  5,316 (2010 Census); 5,055 (2002 Census); 5,132 (1989 Soviet census).
Robert H.P. Platz
Robert Hugo Philip Platz (born 16 August 1951) is a German classical composer.

Born in Baden-Baden, Platz studied music theory and composition (with Wolfgang Fortner), musicology (with Elmar Budde) and piano in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, between 1970 and 1973. He studied later with Karlheinz Stockhausen at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Cologne. In 1977 he took examinations in conducting (with Francis Travis) in Freiburg, and did a series of computer courses at IRCAM in 1980. Since 1990 he has been teaching composition at the Conservatorium Maastricht, Netherlands. Platz gives workshops and masterclasses in Poland, the Netherlands, Italy, Japan, and the United States, and he has taught at the Darmstädter Ferienkurse für Neue Musik.

Recordings of his music are published by Stradivarius, Neos, CPO, and Kairos.

Darmstädter Ferienkurse
Darmstädter Ferienkurse (Darmstadt Summer Course) is a regular summer event of contemporary classical music in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany. It was founded in 1946, under the name "Ferienkurse für Internationale Neue Musik Darmstadt" (Vacation Courses of International New Music in Darmstadt), as a gathering with lectures and concerts over several summer weeks. Composers, performers, theorists and philosophers of contemporary music met first annually until 1970, and then biennially. The event was organised by the Kranichsteiner Musikinstitut, which was renamed Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt (IMD). It is regarded as a leading international forum of contemporary and experimental music with a focus on composition. The festival awards the Kranichsteiner Musikpreis for performers and young composers.
Clondalkin/Fonthill railway station
Clondalkin / Fonthill railway station (also known as Fonthill Road on Irish Rail Information screens and Clondalkin and Fonthill on onboard train announcements) is an Iarnród Éireann railway station in Dublin, Ireland that serves the Clondalkin and Fonthill areas.

It opened on 13 October 2008, and is located on the R113 road (in particular, the section known as the Fonthill Road), west of Clondalkin, between Ronanstown and the Nangor Road.

It is served by South Western Commuter services.

The station has four through platforms, although not all are currently in service pending completion of the Kildare Route Project, a major project to upgrade the South Western Commuter line.

Under Transport 21 plans, Clondalkin/Fonthill would interchange with a station of the planned Dublin Metro's Metro West line called Fonthill.

R113 road (Ireland)
The R113 road is a regional road in Ireland. Located in Dublin, it forms a semi-orbital route around the south of the city. As of 2007, clockwise, it starts at the  N31 at Temple Hill in Blackrock and ends at a junction with the N4 at Palmerstown.

The road is one of the busiest Regional Roads in Ireland. The Liffey Valley Shopping Centre, and The Square, Tallaght, two of the busiest shopping centres in Ireland, are both located just off the route. Both the Fonthill Road (in Lucan/Clondalkin) and Belgard Road (in Tallaght) sections also have a number of large retail outlets. The Belgard Road section, running between the N7 at Newlands Cross and the N81 at Tallaght, is a standard dual carriageway and the main thoroughfare in the Tallaght area.