hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of rail transport in Germany
The history of rail transport in Germany can be traced back to the 16th century. The earliest form of railways, wagonways, were developed in Germany in the 16th century. Modern German rail history officially began with the opening of the steam-powered Bavarian Ludwig Railway between Nuremberg and Fürth on 7 December 1835. This had been preceded by the opening of the horse-drawn Prince William Railway on 20 September 1831. The first long-distance railway was the Leipzig-Dresden railway, completed on 7 April 1839.

Duchy of Brunswick State Railway
The Duchy of Brunswick State Railway (Herzoglich Braunschweigische Staatseisenbahn) was the first state railway in Germany. The first section of its Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line between Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel opened on 1 December 1838.
Gentilino
Gentilino is a village and former municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, close to Lake Lugano and the city of Lugano.

The local Church of Sant'Abbondio (in Italian: Chiesa di Sant'Abbondio a Gentilino - not to be confused with the Swiss municipality of Sant'Abbondio above Lake Maggiore, or the Basilica of Sant'Abbondio in Lombardy, Italy) dates from the eleventh century. The cemetery of Sant'Abbondio is the resting place of Hugo Ball, Bruno Walter, and Hermann Hesse. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

In 2004, the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Agra and Montagnola to form a new and larger municipality Collina d'Oro.

Bruno Walter
Bruno Walter (born Bruno Schlesinger, September 15, 1876 – February 17, 1962) was a German-born conductor, pianist, and composer. Born in Berlin, he left Nazi Germany in 1933, was naturalised as a French citizen in 1938, and settled in the United States in 1939. He worked closely with Gustav Mahler, whose music he helped to establish in the repertory, held major positions with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Concertgebouw Orchestra, Salzburg Festival, Vienna State Opera, Bavarian State Opera, Staatsoper Unter den Linden and Deutsche Oper Berlin, among others, made recordings of historical and artistic significance, and is widely considered to be one of the great conductors of the 20th century.
Södra Vi
Södra Vi is a locality situated in Vimmerby Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 1,182 inhabitants in 2010. According to Svenskt ortnamnslexikon the name of the locality loosely mean "southern place of worship". Tens of kilometers to the northwest lies Norra Vi.

Norra Vi
Norra Vi is a village at the end of the southeastern arm of Lake Sommen in South Swedish highlands. Administratively it belongs to Ydre Municipality and Östergötland County. According to Svenskt ortnamnslexikon the name of the locality loosely mean "northern place of worship". Tens of kilometers to the southeast lies Södra Vi.
2024 North Maluku gubernatorial election
The 2024 North Maluku gubernatorial election was held on 27 November 2024 as part of nationwide local elections to elect the governor and vice governor of North Maluku for a five-year term. The previous election was held in 2018. Gubernatorial candidate Benny Laos, a former regent of Morotai Island, died in a speedboat explosion before the election. Laos' coalition nominated his widow, Sherly Tjoanda, in his place, who went on to win the election with 51% of the vote. Husain Alting Sjah of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), the titular Sultan of Tidore and a former Senator, placed second with 24%.

2024 Indonesian local elections
Local executive elections (Indonesian: Pemilihan Kepala Daerah or Pilkada) to elect governors, mayors and regents in Indonesia were held on 27 November 2024 across 545 regions: 37 provinces, 415 regencies and 93 cities, which covered all provinces except Yogyakarta Special Region and all cities/regencies except the constituents of Jakarta. The previous local executive elections were held in 2020. The elections was the first time regional leaders are all elected simultaneously nationwide in Indonesia.

The elections saw major gains for President Prabowo Subianto's Gerindra party, while the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle suffered losses in key races, especially in Central and East Java. Golkar and PKS also suffered setbacks. Most elected leaders were sworn in on 20 February 2025, but 26 races had to be repeated in 2025.
Foto di gruppo
Foto di gruppo is the second studio album by the Italian rapper Bassi Maestro, released in 1998 under Vibrarecords.

It is considered a classic and one of the best Italian hip-hop albums of all time. 
The title track was certified gold by FIMI for sales exceeding the 25,000 mark.

Bassi Maestro
Davide Bassi (born 3 August 1973), better known by his stage name Bassi Maestro (also known simply as Bassi), is an Italian rapper, deejay, beatmaker and producer from Milan, Italy. Bassi is one of the pioneers of Italian underground hip-hop, having started his career back in 1988.
Color Bars (EP)
Color Bars (カラーバー) is an EP by Japanese rock band Tokyo Jihen, released on January 18, 2012, in Japan through EMI Music Japan and Virgin Music. The album was produced by the band and Japanese recording engineer Uni Inoue.

The first press edition is a cardboard sleeve.

Tokyo Jihen
Tokyo Jihen (東京事変, Tōkyō Jihen), also known as Tokyo Incidents, is a Japanese rock band formed by Ringo Sheena, after leaving her solo career. The band's debut single "Gunjō Biyori" was released in September 2004, and they ended activities in February 2012. The band sold 2.3 million albums, singles, and DVDs. The band reunited and released a new single on January 1, 2020.
Dorothy Cundall
Dorothy Ursula Cundall (1882 – 8 February 1954) was an English badminton player. Born in 1882 in Richmond, London, she was a prominent player before the First World War, winning three All England titles.

In 1912 she married Douglas Harvey (who died in 1917). Cundall played as Mrs Harvey afterwards. In 1922 she remarried to Bert Bisgood, a prominent Somerset cricketer who also represented Ireland at badminton.

She had two children, Ian Harvey, a Conservative MP, and Jeanne Bisgood, an English international golfer.

She died in Bournemouth on 8 February 1954.

== Medal Record at the All England Badminton Championships
==

Jeanne Bisgood
Jeanne Mary Bisgood CBE (11 August 1923 – 15 May 2024) was an English amateur golfer. She won the English Women's Amateur Championship three times, in 1951, 1953 and 1957 and played in the Curtis Cup three times, in 1950, 1952 and 1954.
United Association for Labor Education
United Association for Labor Education (UALE) is an international association for post-secondary, community, union and associated labor educators based in Chicago, Illinois.

UALE was founded on April 15, 2000, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, through the merger of the university and College Labor Education Association and Workers' Education Local 189 (an affiliate of the Communications Workers of America, AFL–CIO).

The goals of the UALE are to promote the development and professionalization of labor education, and to advocate for increased support of labor education programs in higher education and the international labor movement.

UALE co-publishes, with West Virginia University, Labor Studies Journal, a multi-disciplinary publication about workers and labor organizations.

UALE is a member of the International Federation of Workers' Education Associations.

Labor Studies Journal
Labor Studies Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research in the field of labor studies. Its editors-in-chief are Robert Bruno (University of Illinois) and Victor Devinatz (Illinois State University). It was established in 1998 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the United Association for Labor Education.
Safavid Karabakh
The province of Karabakh (also spelled Qarabagh; Persian: ولایت قره باغ, romanized: Velāyat-e Qarabāgh) was a north-western province of the Safavid Iran, centered on the geographic region of Karabakh.

The governorship of Karabakh was generally held by a member of the Qajars, one of the Qizilbash tribes. Its highlands were controlled by the five Armenian melikdoms.

Karabakh
Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Qarabağ [ɡɑɾɑˈbɑɣ]; Armenian: Ղարաբաղ, romanized: Ġarabaġ [ʁɑɾɑˈbɑʁ]) is a geographic region in southwestern Azerbaijan and eastern Armenia, extending from the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus down to the lowlands between the rivers Kura and Aras. It is divided into three regions: Highland Karabakh, Lowland Karabakh (the steppes between the Kura and Aras rivers), and the eastern slopes of the Zangezur Mountains (roughly Syunik and Kalbajar–Lachin).
Jarogo Waterfall
Jarogo Waterfall, also known as Jarogo Banda Waterfall, is a waterfall located in Matta Tehsil in Upper Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is one of the well-known waterfalls in Swat Valley. It is situated at a distance of around 55 kilometres (34 mi) from Mingora city. The waterfall can be accessed from Matta via the 30 kilometres (19 mi) long route through Fazal Banda Road.

It is sometimes referred to as the duplicate of Gabin Jabba's waterfall due to similarities between the two. Lying in the Hindu Kush mountain range, the waterfall is surrounded by pine trees and thick forests. In 2022, when the federal government of Pakistan allotted 19 motels of Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC) to the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Tourism Authority in order to promote tourism in the province, Jarogo Waterfall, being part of Integrated Tourism Zones (ITZ), was included in one of the three projects. As a result, camping pods were then built nearby the waterfall.

Bar Swat District
Bar Swat District lit. 'Upper Swat District' is a newly created district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It was carved out of the Swat District in October 2025. It consists of the Behrain, Matta and Khwazakhela Tehsils of former Swat District, with Matta as headquarters.

With lush forests, verdant alpine meadows, and snow-capped mountains, Upper Swat is one of the country's most popular tourist destinations.
May-sur-Orne
May-sur-Orne (French pronunciation: [mɛ syʁ ɔʁn] ⓘ, literally May on Orne) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It was merged with Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay to form Saint-Martin-de-May on 1 January 2025.

Saint-Martin-de-May
Saint-Martin-de-May is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It was formed on 1 January 2025, with the merger of May-sur-Orne and Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay.
Eugene A. Phalen
Eugene A. Phalen (April 24, 1876 – August 23, 1940) was an American businessman and politician.

Born on a farm in the town of Lima, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, Phalen moved to West Allis, Wisconsin in 1903 and was in the restaurant and theatre businesses. He served on the board of directors of the West Allis Industrial Loan Company and was president of the County Building and Loan Company. Phalen served on the West Allis common council and the school board. In 1929, Phalen served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. Phalen died at his home in West Allis, Wisconsin.

Lima, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Lima (/ˈlaɪmə/) is a town in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,948 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The unincorporated communities of Gibbsville, Hingham, and Ourtown are located in the town. The ghost town of Kennedy Corners was also located in the town.
South-Western constituency (Saint Petersburg)
The South-Western constituency (No.212) was a Russian legislative constituency in Saint Petersburg in 1993–2007. It covered southern Saint Petersburg, as well as the cities of Kolpino and Pavlovsk. The seat was last occupied by Yabloko deputy Sergey Popov, an attorney, who narrowly defeated first-term incumbent State Duma member Mark Goryachev in the 1995 election.

The constituency was dissolved in 2007 when State Duma adopted full proportional representation for the next two electoral cycles. South-Western constituency was not re-established for the 2016 election, currently most of the former constituency is part of Southern constituency.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Alex Gelsomino
Alessandro Gelsomino (born 22 March 1973) is an Italian rally co-driver. Born in Palermo, he is best known of his 17-year association with American Ken Block in rallying from 2005 until Block's death in 2023.

Gelsomino is married to fellow co-driver Rhianon Gelsomino, sister of Australian rally driver Brendan Reeves.

Ken Block
Kenneth Paul Block (November 21, 1967 – January 2, 2023) was an American professional rally driver with the Hoonigan Racing Division, formerly known as the Monster World Rally Team. Block was also one of the co-founders of DC Shoes. He also competed in many action sports events, including skateboarding, snowboarding, and motocross.

After selling his ownership of DC Shoes, Block shifted his business focus to Hoonigan Industries, an apparel brand for auto enthusiasts. He was the co-owner and "Head Hoonigan In Charge" (HHIC) at the company before his death in a snowmobile accident in January 2023.

His daughters Lia Block, Kira Block, and his son Mika Block are all also racing drivers.
French frigate Belle Poule (1834)
Belle Poule was a Surveillante-class 60-gun first rank frigate of the French Navy. She achieved fame for bringing the remains of Napoleon from Saint Helena back to France, in what became known as the Retour des cendres.

Retour des cendres
The retour des cendres (literally "return of the ashes", though "ashes" is used here as a metaphor for his mortal remains, as he was not cremated) was the return of the mortal remains of Napoleon I of France from the island of Saint Helena to France and the burial in Hôtel des Invalides in Paris in 1840, on the initiative of Prime Minister Adolphe Thiers and King Louis Philippe I.
Para Innocens
Para Innocens is a CD project made by Daniel Sarcos in 1998 for Fundacion Innocens, a charity made to raise awareness for children who have HIV. The album includes two songs recorded by Sarcos, as well as songs from the artists Servando & Florentino, Nelson Arrieta, Pasion Juvenil, Dimension Latina, Guaco, Saned Rivera, Tito Rojas, Oscar D'Leon, La India, and Salserin.

Daniel Sarcos
Daniel Enrique Sarcos Cabrera (born 29 September 1967) is a Venezuelan actor, stand-up comedian, and television personality best known as the host of Súper Sábado Sensacional from 1997 to 2009, and the Miss Venezuela pageant from 2004 to 2009. Both of these shows were broadcast on the Venezuelan television channel, Venevisión. From 2011 to 2018 he also hosted the morning program Un Nuevo Día (formerly named ¡Levántate!) on the Telemundo Television network.
Jane S. Schacter
Jane S. Schacter (born June 27, 1958) is an American legal scholar who serves as the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Stanford Law School with an expertise in constitutional law, statutory interpretation, and sexual orientation law. As an expert on the topic of marriage equality, Schacter has been interviewed by numerous leading news publications, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Economist, The Guardian, Bloomberg Businessweek, and the San Francisco Chronicle.

Stanford Law School
Stanford Law School (SLS) is the law school of Stanford University. Established in 1893, the school had an acceptance rate of 6.28% in 2021, the second-lowest of any law school in the country. George Triantis currently serves as Dean.

Stanford Law School employs more than 90 full-time and part-time faculty members and enrolls over 550 students who are working toward their Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree. Stanford Law also confers four advanced legal degrees: a Master of Laws (LL.M.), a Master of Legal Studies (M.L.S.), a Master of the Science of Law (J.S.M.), and a Doctor of the Science of Law (J.S.D.). Each fall, Stanford Law enrolls a J.D. class of approximately 180 students, giving Stanford the smallest student body of any law school ranked in the top fourteen (T14). Stanford also maintains eleven full-time legal clinics, including the nation's first and most active Supreme Court litigation clinic, and offers 27 formal joint degree programs.
Jealousy (1929 film)
Jealousy is a 1929 American pre-Code drama film directed by Jean de Limur and released by Paramount Pictures. It is based on the French play Monsieur Lamberthier, by Louis Verneuil. The play was translated by Eugene Walter and ran on Broadway under the title Jealousy in 1928. The film version starred Jeanne Eagels and Fredric March, and is the second sound film and final motion picture featuring Eagels.

The film was initially shot with British actor Anthony Bushell as Pierre, but he was replaced by March at Eagels' insistence. Supporting actress Hilda Moore died before Jealousy was released, while the film's star, Jeanne Eagels, died of an overdose of chloral hydrate one month after the film was released.

Jean de Limur
Jean de Limur (13 November 1887, Vouhé, Charente-Maritime – 5 June 1976, Paris) was a French film director, actor and screenwriter. His works include La Garçonne (1936) and The Letter (1929). A French army officer and a designer, he first came to the United States with his parents, Count and Countess de Limur in September 1920; their destination was Burlingame, California, where lived Jean's brother André (who married Ethel, daughter of William Henry Crocker).
Sentence (music)
In Western music theory, the term sentence is analogous to the way the term is used in linguistics, in that it usually refers to a complete, somewhat self-contained statement. Usually a sentence refers to musical spans towards the lower end of the durational scale; i.e. melodic or thematic entities well below the level of movement or section, but above the level of motif or measure. The term is usually encountered in discussions of thematic construction. In the last fifty years, an increasing number of theorists such as William Caplin have used the term to refer to a specific theme-type involving repetition and development.

William Caplin
William E. Caplin (born 1948) is an American music theorist who lives and works in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he is a James McGill Professor at the Schulich School of Music of McGill University. Caplin served as president of the Society for Music Theory from 2005 to 2007 and was its vice-president from 2001 to 2003. His earlier work concentrated on the history of music theory, but he is best known for a series of articles and two books on musical form in European music around 1800. The first of those books, Classical Form: A Theory of Formal Functions for the Music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, has been widely influential and was a major factor in the revival of interest in musical form in North American music theory.
Louis Napoleon George Filon
Louis Napoleon George Filon, FRS (22 November 1875 – 29 December 1937) was an English applied mathematician, famous for his research on classical mechanics and particularly the theory of elasticity and the mechanics of continuous media. He also developed a method for the numerical quadrature of oscillatory integrals, now known as Filon quadrature. He was Vice Chancellor of the University of London from 1933 to 1935.

Filon quadrature
In numerical analysis, Filon quadrature or Filon's method is a technique for numerical integration of oscillatory integrals. It is named after English mathematician Louis Napoleon George Filon, who first described the method in 1934.
Onizuka Air Force Station
Onizuka Air Force Station or Onizuka AFS was a U.S. Air Force installation in Sunnyvale, California, at the intersection of State Route 237 and North Mathilda Avenue. It operated from 1960 to 2010.

One of its distinguishing feature was Building 1003, known locally as the Blue Cube and the "Cube" given its shape, color, and lack of windows. The station's other distinguishing features were its three primary parabolic antennas, used for communication with remote tracking stations used to control military satellites; these antennas were named Sun East, Sun West, and Sun 3.

Satellite Control Network
The Satellite Control Network (SCN), operated by the United States Space Force's Space Delta 6, provides support for the operation, control, and maintenance of a variety of United States Department of Defense and some non-DoD satellites. This involves continual execution of Telemetry, Tracking, and Commanding (TT&C) operations. In addition, the SCN provides prelaunch checkout and simulation, launch support, and early orbit support while satellites are in initial or transfer orbits and require maneuvering to their final orbit. The SCN provides tracking data to help maintain the catalog of space objects and distributes various data such as satellite ephemeris, almanacs, and other information. It was previously known as the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) while under Air Force Space Command's 50th Network Operations Group.
Merdeka Palace
The Merdeka Palace (Indonesian: Istana Merdeka; also known in Indonesian as Istana Gambir and during the Dutch colonial times as Paleis te Koningsplein), is one of seven presidential palaces in Indonesia. It is located on the north side of the Merdeka Square in Central Jakarta, Indonesia, and was used as the official residence of the president of the Republic of Indonesia.

The palace was a residence for the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies during the colonial era. In 1949, the palace was renamed Merdeka Palace, "(ke)merdeka(an)" meaning "freedom" or "independence".

The Merdeka Palace is part of the 6.8 ha (17 acres) Jakarta Presidential Palace Complex, which also includes the Negara Palace, Wisma Negara (state guest house), Sekretariat Negara (State Secretariat), and the Bina Graha building. It is the center of the Indonesian executive authority.

Megawati Sukarnoputri
Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (Indonesian: [meɡawati sukarnɔputri] ⓘ; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004 and the eighth vice president under President Abdurrahman Wahid from 1999 to 2001. She is Indonesia's first and only female president to date.

Megawati Sukarnoputri became president in 2001 when Abdurrahman Wahid was impeached and removed from office. She ran for re-election in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. She ran again against Yudhoyono in the 2009 presidential election, and was defeated a second time. She is the first and current leader of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), one of Indonesia's largest political parties. She is the eldest daughter of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno.