hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wisconsin in the American Civil War
During the American Civil War, the state of Wisconsin raised 91,379 soldiers for the Union Army, organized into 53 infantry regiments, 4 cavalry regiments, a company of Berdan's sharpshooters, 13 light artillery batteries and 1 unit of heavy artillery. 3,794 were killed in action or mortally wounded, 8,022 died of disease, and 400 were killed in accidents. The total mortality was 12,216 men, about 13.4 percent of total enlistments.

Most of the Wisconsin troops served in the Western Theater, although several regiments served in Eastern armies, including three regiments within the famed Iron Brigade.

25th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
The 25th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. During their service, they first participated in the Dakota War of 1862, then spent most of the rest of the war in the western theater.
Grange stone circle
Grange stone circle (Irish: Lios na Gráinsí, meaning 'Fort of the Grange') is a stone circle in County Limerick, Ireland. It is located 300m west of Lough Gur, 4 km north of Bruff. The Limerick-Kilmallock road is nearby.

It is estimated to be 4,000-years-old, dating from the Bronze Age.

County Limerick
County Limerick (Irish: Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Limerick. Limerick City and County Council is the local council for the county. The county's population at the 2022 census was 209,536 of whom 102,287 lived in Limerick City, the county capital.
Samuel Hinga Norman
Samuel Hinga Norman (January 1, 1940 – February 22, 2007) was a Sierra Leonean politician from the Mende tribe. He was the founder and leader of the Civil Defence Forces, commonly known as the Kamajors. The Kamajors supported the government of Ahmed Tejan Kabbah against the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), which was led by Foday Sankoh. On 7 March 2003 Hinga Norman was indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone for war crimes and crimes against humanity. He died on 22 February 2007 in Dakar, Senegal while undergoing medical treatment.

Civil Defence Forces
The Civil Defense Forces (CDF) was a paramilitary organization that fought in the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002). It supported the elected government of Ahmed Tejan Kabbah against the rebel groups Revolutionary United Front (RUF) and Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC). Much of the CDF was made up of the Kamajors group, which is part of the larger Mende ethnic group. The Kamajors believed in many magical ways of defending themselves, such as rituals to create bulletproof skin.

Three leaders of the CDF were indicted at the Special Court for Sierra Leone, more specifically Samuel Hinga Norman (head of the CDF), Moinina Fofana (second in command) and Allieu Kondewa (military commander of the CDF).
Exchange Place station (PATH)
The Exchange Place station is a station on the Port Authority Trans–Hudson (PATH) rail system in the Paulus Hook neighborhood of Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey. The station is on the Newark–World Trade Center line between Newark Penn Station and World Trade Center all week and the Hoboken–World Trade Center line during the day on weekdays to service Hoboken Terminal. Exchange Place provides access to the Jersey City waterfront and a station on the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail, where connections are available to Bayonne and North Bergen.

Exchange Place station opened on July 19, 1909, as part of the original opening of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad between the former Pennsylvania Railroad terminal at Exchange Place and Hudson Terminal. The station headhouse was rebuilt in 1989. Exchange Place station flooded after the September 11 attacks and was closed until June 29, 2003, when it became a temporary terminal. Service returned to World Trade Center on November 23, 2003.

Hoboken–World Trade Center
Hoboken–World Trade Center is a rapid transit service operated by the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH). It is colored green on the PATH service map and trains on this service display green marker lights. This service operates from the Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey, by way of the Downtown Hudson Tubes to the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York. The 3-mile (4.8 km) trip takes 11 minutes to complete, and is the shortest route in the PATH system.

This service was temporarily suspended due to the Hoboken station closure from January to February 2025. Service during this time ran as a combined World Trade Center-33rd Street service on weekdays from 6am to 11pm. Previously, this branch operated on weekends as well, which made it the only PATH line that ran at all times except late nights. This is one of two routes from PATH on which every station is handicapped accessible, with the other being Newark-World Trade Center.
Baalshamem inscription
The Baalshamem inscription is a Phoenician inscription discovered in 1860–61 at Umm al-Amad, Lebanon, the longest of three inscriptions found there during Ernest Renan's Mission de Phénicie.  All three inscriptions were found on the north side of the hill; this inscription was found in the foundation of one of the ruined houses covering the hill.

The inscription is on an alabaster slab about 32 x 29cm. The writing is not deeply engraved and is not considered to be of monumental character; it was found almost intact except for the beginning, consisting of eight letters, which scholars were able to reconstruct partly from the traces present and partly from the content of the inscription.

The inscription is known as KAI 18 or CIS I 7. Today it is on display at the Louvre, with ID number AO 4831.

Umm al-Amad, Lebanon
Umm Al Amad (Arabic: ام العمد), or Umm el 'Amed or al Auamid or el-Awamid, is an Hellenistic period archaeological site near the town of Naqoura in Lebanon. It was discovered by Europeans in the 1770s, and was excavated in 1861. It is one of the most excavated archaeological sites in the Phoenician heartland.
Deanna Brooks
Deanna Brooks (born Deanna Wilson on April 30, 1974, in Boulder City, Nevada) is an American glamour model and actress who was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month in May, 1998.

Brooks was raised in a family of Mormons and kept her Playboy modeling a secret from her parents and siblings. She expressed an early interest in studying aeronautical engineering with her sister after seeing the film Spacecamp. She is a 1992 graduate of Bellbrook (OH) High School and worked as a bank teller for Key Bank before her Playboy appearance.

After her May 1998 centerfold, she made a brief appearance on the television show Vibe. Brooks was also photographed by celebrity photographer William Shatner for the Cyber Club in 2004. She was previously married to Tony Brooks.

Bellbrook High School
Bellbrook High School is a public high school in Sugarcreek Township / Bellbrook, Ohio area in the United States. It is the four year high school of the Bellbrook-Sugarcreek Local School District, which is rated Excellent by the Ohio Department of Education. The school serves grades 9–12. Their mascot is the Golden Eagle and their colors are purple and gold. Their primary athletic rivals are Oakwood and Valley View.
RNA (journal)
RNA is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research on all aspects of RNA molecules, including their structures, metabolism, functions, and evolution. The journal was established in 1995 and originally published by Cambridge University Press. Since 2003 it is published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press on behalf of the RNA Society. The editor-in-chief is Timothy W. Nilsen (Case Western Reserve University).

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press was founded in 1933 to aid in Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's purpose of furthering the advance and spread of scientific knowledge.

CSHL Press publishes monographs, technical manuals, handbooks, review volumes, conference proceedings, scholarly journals and videotapes. These examine important topics in molecular biology, genetics, development, virology, neurobiology, immunology and cancer biology. Manuscripts for books and for journal publication are invited from scientists worldwide.

Revenue from sales of CSHL Press publications is used solely in support of research at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Charles E. Marks
Charles E. Marks (1875–1926) was a skilled carpenter who later became a general contractor in Madison, Wisconsin, in the early twentieth century.  Using mostly his personal designs, he built homes in the Prairie School design and American Craftsman style. He built many important buildings and homes in the Madison, Wisconsin area.

Samuel Moore House
Samuel Moore House is a historic house located in the University Heights Historic District in Downtown Madison, Wisconsin. It was placed on the on National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and on the Wisconsin State Register for historic places in 1989.
Joe Ciresi
Joseph Ciresi (born September 15, 1970) is an American politician and Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 146th district. Located in Montgomery County, the district includes all of Limerick Township, Lower Pottsgrove Township, Perkiomen Township, Royersford, Trappe, and parts of Pottstown.

Pottstown, Pennsylvania
Pottstown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Pottstown was laid out in 1752–53 and named Pottsgrove in honor of its founder, John Potts. The old name was abandoned at the time of the incorporation as a borough in 1815. In 1888, the limits of the borough were considerably extended. Pottstown is the center of a productive farming and dairying region. As of the 2020 census, Pottstown had a population of 23,433.

Pottstown is located on the Schuylkill River. It is 29.1 miles (46.8 km) south of Allentown and 40.4 miles (65.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It is generally considered part of the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.
Daffynition
A daffynition (a portmanteau blend of daffy and definition) is a form of pun involving the reinterpretation of an existing word, on the basis that it sounds like another word (or group of words). Presented in the form of dictionary definitions, they are similar to transpositional puns, but often much less complex and easier to create.

Under the name Uxbridge English Dictionary, making up daffynitions is a popular game on the BBC Radio 4 comedy quiz show I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue.

A lesser-known subclass of daffynition is the goofinition, which relies strictly on literal associations and correct spellings, such as "lobster = a weak tennis player". This play on words is similar to Cockney rhyming slang.

Rhyming slang
Rhyming slang is a form of slang word construction in the English language. It is especially prevalent among Cockneys in England, and was first used in the early 19th century in the East End of London; hence its alternative name, Cockney rhyming slang. In the United States, especially in the criminal underworld of the West Coast between 1880 and 1920, rhyming slang has sometimes been known as Australian slang.

The construction of rhyming slang involves replacing a common word with a phrase of two or more words, the last of which rhymes with the original word; then, in almost all cases, omitting, from the end of the phrase, the secondary rhyming word (which is thereafter implied), making the origin and meaning of the phrase elusive to listeners not in the know.
Lynn Crawford
Lynn Crawford (born July 18, 1964) is a Canadian chef and television personality. She is known for her appearances on the Food Network show Restaurant Makeover, which is seen in over 16 countries worldwide.

Restaurant Makeover
Restaurant Makeover is a television series on HGTV Canada that currently airs as reruns on the Food Network Canada and HGTV Canada, as well as the Fine Living channel and Food Network in the United States, DTour and in over 16 other countries worldwide. The pilot episode starred designer Robin De Groot and chef Brad Long in the Coco's Cafe. Most of the restaurants involved in the series were located in the Greater Toronto Area. The series was rebooted as Restaurant Takeover on Food Network Canada and aired for 2 seasons in 2012 and 2013.
Jeanne-Hippolyte Devismes
Jeanne-Hippolyte Devismes (January 4, 1770, Lyon — January 12, 1836, Caudebec-en-Caux) (née Jeanne-Hippolyte Moyroud) was a French composer. She studied the piano with Daniel Steibelt and married the director of the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opéra), Anne-Pierre-Jacques Devismes du Valgay. Her only known works are a song, "La Dame Jacinthe", and an opera, Praxitėle, which was first staged at the Paris Opéra on 24 July 1800. The work was a success and ran for 16 performances. The score has not survived complete.

Jacques de Vismes
Anne-Pierre-Jacques de Vismes, or Devismes, (1745, Paris – 1819, Caudebec-en-Caux) was a French writer and administrator.

Closely associated with the powerful interests of the Ferme Générale (Tax Farm), he managed to get himself appointed head of the Académie Royale de Musique in 1778 with the support of his sister, Adélaïde de Vismes, lady-in-waiting of Queen Marie Antoinette and the wife of the influential former fermier-general, Jean-Benjamin de La Borde. His attempts to reform this aging institution that was the Paris Opera faced continued opposition from the artistic staff. In 1780, financial difficulties finally brought him down and the opera was put under direct and permanent guardianship of royal power through the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi.
FC Feronikeli 74
FC Feronikeli 74 (Albanian: Klubi Futbollistik Feronikeli 74), commonly referred to as Feronikeli 74 and also known as Feronikeli is a professional football club based in Drenas, Kosovo. The club has played in the Kosovo First League, which is the second tier of football in the country.

First Football League of Kosovo
The First Football League of Kosovo (Albanian: Liga e Parë e Futbollit të Kosovës), officially the Raiffeisen First League of Kosovo (Albanian: Raiffeisen Liga e Parë e Kosovës) for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the men's football league system in Kosovo. It is organised by the Football Federation of Kosovo (FFK).

As of the 2025–26 season the division consists of 18 clubs in a single nationwide league, following the merger of the previous two-group format used between the 2020–21 and 2024–25 seasons. Clubs are relegated to and promoted from the Second League, while the highest-placed teams move up to the Superleague.
Avery Anthology
Avery: An Anthology of New Fiction was a biannual literary magazine based in New York City. Founded in 2006 by Stephanie Fiorelli, Adam Koehler and Andrew Palmer, the magazine published fiction by emerging and established authors. Editor Emma Straub replaced Andrew Palmer and Graphic Designer Mike Fusco run Avery's art department. In addition to publishing fiction, the magazine was dedicated to showcasing emerging artists and using emerging artists' artwork to complement the magazine's fiction.

As of December 11, 2013 Duotrope lists Avery as "permanently closed to submissions." It was closed in September 2012.

Emma Straub
Emma Straub (born 1979 or 1980) is an American novelist and bookstore owner. Her novels include Modern Lovers, The Vacationers, Laura Lamont’s Life in Pictures and All Adults Here. She is the author of a short story collection entitled Other People We Married. In May 2022, Straub's novel This Time Tomorrow was published by Riverhead Books. Straub was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2024.
Hear You Calling
"Hear You Calling" is the debut single by English electronic duo Aurora, released in 1999. It initially reached No. 71 on the UK Singles Chart, but a re-release the following year charted higher, reaching the top 20 at No. 17 in January 2000. It also reached No. 1 on the UK Dance Singles Chart.

Aurora (electronic music group)
Aurora, also known as Aurora UK, are a British electronic dance music group, consisting of keyboardist/guitarist Sacha Collisson (born 14 November 1970) and fellow keyboardist Simon Greenaway (born 4 July 1969). Five of their singles charted on the UK Singles Chart; their biggest hit is their cover of Duran Duran's "Ordinary World" at No. 5.

Their first and only self-titled album was released in 2002 by EMI Records.
Ingrid Camilla Fosse Sæthre
Ingrid Camilla Fosse Sæthre (born 19 January 1978) is a Norwegian footballer who played as a forward for the Norway national team. She was part of the team at the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup. At club level she played for Arna-Bjørnar, retiring in 2006. She made a comeback for Stabæk in 2010. Sæthre made 15 appearances for the club from 2010 to 2011 and scored three goals.

2003 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial championship of women's national soccer teams organized by FIFA. It was held in the United States from September 20 to October 12, 2003, at six venues in six cities across the country. The tournament was won by Germany, who became the first country to win both the men's and women's World Cup.

China was originally awarded the right to host the tournament, which would have taken place from September 23 to October 11 in four cities. A severe outbreak of SARS in early 2003 affected Guangdong in southern China and prompted FIFA to move the Women's World Cup to the United States, who had hosted the previous edition in 1999. China was instead granted hosting rights for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup and financial compensation while the United States Soccer Federation made new arrangements to host at smaller stadiums.
Shenanigans (game show)
Shenanigans was a children's television game show produced by Heatter-Quigley Productions which aired on ABC Saturday mornings from September 26, 1964 to March 20, 1965, and again from September 25 to December 18, 1965. The series began as local programming in New York City and later aired nationally on ABC. The show was similar to Video Village Junior, another program produced by Heatter-Quigley which featured children as contestants moving about a life-sized game board.

Stubby Kaye hosted the program, dubbed "the Mayor of Shenanigans," and Kenny Williams was the announcer, known as "Kenny the Cop". Williams portrayed a similar role on Video Village.

Kenny Williams (announcer)
Kenny Williams or Ken Williams (April 12, 1914 – February 16, 1984), born Kenneth Williams Fertig Jr. in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was an announcer for American television from the late 1940s to 1980s.
Yagō
Yagō (屋号), literally meaning "house name", is a term applied in traditional Japanese culture to names passed down within a guild, studio, or other circumstance other than blood relations. The term is synonymous with iena (家名) and kadona (角名). The term most often refers to the guild names of kabuki actors, but is also applicable to the names artists take from their masters or studios, names taken from one's business, and a few other similar circumstances.

The ya (屋) of yagō, also often seen at the end of a yagō name, means "house", "roof", or "shop", and helps to illuminate the origins and meanings of the term. A number of yagō have associated mon emblems, some of which incorporate rebuses; see Japanese rebus monogram.

Rebus
A rebus (/ˈriːbəs/ REE-bəss) is a puzzle device that combines the use of illustrated pictures with individual letters to depict words or phrases. For example, the word "been" might be depicted by a rebus showing an illustrated bumblebee next to a plus sign (+) and the letter "n".

It was a favourite form of heraldic expression used in the Middle Ages to denote surnames. For example, in its basic form, three salmon (fish) are used to denote the surname "Salmon". A more sophisticated example was the rebus of Bishop Walter Lyhart (d. 1472) of Norwich, consisting of a stag (or hart) lying down in a conventional representation of water. The composition alludes to the name, profession or personal characteristics of the bearer, and speaks to the beholder Non verbis, sed rebus, which Latin expression signifies "not by words but by things" (res, rei (f), a thing, object, matter; rebus being ablative plural).
Valley View Mall (Virginia)
Valley View Mall is an 800,000-square-foot (74,000 m2) regional shopping mall located in the Roundhill neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It is located near the interchange of I-581/US 220 with Hershberger Road (Route 101) in the northwest section of the city.

Most outparcel locations around Valley View Mall have been developed into restaurants, retail stores, offices, and hotels.  Major surrounding stores include Ashley Furniture, Dick's Sporting Goods, Best Buy, Grand Home Furnishings, Walmart, and Target. Regal Cinemas has a 16 screen movie theater with stadium seating at an outparcel location, which replaced a smaller six screen cinema inside the mall.

Virginia State Route 101
State Route 101 (SR 101) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known as Hershberger Road, the state highway runs 3.17 miles (5.10 km) from SR 117 east to U.S. Route 11 (US 11) within Roanoke.  SR 101 is a major east–west arterial on the north side of Roanoke, where it connects Interstate 581 (I-581) and US 220 with Roanoke–Blacksburg Regional Airport.
Fernandino Maria Piccioli
Ferdinando Maria Piccioli (26 July 1821 – 14 February 1900) was an Italian entomologist. He specialised in Hymenoptera and Coleoptera.

Born at San Felice, Piccioli was an “Assistant” at the Stazione di Entomologia Agraria in Florence. He was a member of the founding committee of La Società Entomologica Italiana.

Part of his collections of Tuscany Coleoptera are in the Genoa Natural History Museum. The remainder of the Coleoptera and his Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and other Orders are in La Specola museum.

He died at Sesto Fiorentino in 1900.

La Specola
The Museum of Zoology and Natural History, best known as La Specola, is an eclectic natural history museum in Florence, central Italy, located next to the Pitti Palace. The name Specola means observatory, a reference to the astronomical observatory founded there in 1790. It now forms part of the Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze. This museum is part of what are now six different collections at four different sites for the Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze.
Skeletal pneumaticity
Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space, such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development.

Diverticulum
In medicine or biology, a diverticulum is  an outpouching of a hollow (or a fluid-filled) structure in the body. Depending upon which layers of the structure are involved, diverticula are described as being either true or false.

In medicine, the term usually implies the structure is not normally present, but in embryology, the term is used for some normal structures arising from others, as for instance the thyroid diverticulum, which arises from the tongue.

The word comes from Latin dīverticulum, "bypath" or "byway".