hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murphree Hall
Murphree Hall is a historic student residence building located in the Murphree Area on the northern edge of the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida.  It was designed by architect Rudolph Weaver in the Collegiate Gothic style and completed in 1939.  The building was named for Albert A. Murphree, the university's second president, who served from 1909 to 1927. Major renovations, which included adding air conditioning, were completed in 2005, and the hall was rededicated and open for that fall semester.

Murphree Hall is a contributing property in the University of Florida Campus Historic District which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1989.

Albert A. Murphree
Albert Alexander Murphree (April 29, 1870 – December 20, 1927) was an American college professor and university president.  Murphree was a native of Alabama, and became a mathematics instructor after earning his bachelor's degree.  He later served as the third president of Florida State College (later renamed Florida State University) from 1897 to 1909, and the second president of the University of Florida from 1909 to 1927.  Murphree is the only person to have been the president of both of Florida's original state universities, the University of Florida and Florida State University, and he played an important role in the organization, growth and ultimate success of both institutions.
Messene Redeemed
F. L. Lucas's Messene Redeemed (1940) is a verse drama or long poem (some 900 lines), based on Pausanias, about the struggle for independence of ancient Messene against Sparta. As well as narrating Messenian history from earliest times to the defeat of Sparta at Leuctra (371 BC) and the return of the exiles, it dramatizes two episodes in play-form: one from the First Messenian War (c.743 – 724 BC) – the "honour killing" of his daughter Laodice by Aristodemus at Ithome, and one from the end of the Second (c.685 – 668 BC) – the last hours of Eira.

Some reviewers treated the work as a play (it contains stage-directions), though the author called it a poem. The two dramatized episodes are not labelled 'scenes' or 'acts', but alternate with the linking narration, spoken by an Old Reciter and a Young. The play begins with an Induction set in the 'present' (369 BC), but like The Taming of the Shrew, does not return to it at the end.

First Messenian War
The First Messenian War was a war between Messenia and Sparta. It began in 743 BC and ended in 724 BC, according to the dates given by Pausanias.

The war continued the rivalry between the Achaeans and the Dorians that had been initiated by the purported Return of the Heracleidae. Both sides utilized an explosive incident to settle the rivalry by full-scale war. The war was prolonged into 20 years. The result was a Spartan victory. Messenia was depopulated by emigration of the Achaeans to other states. Those who did not emigrate were reduced socially to helots, or serfs. Their descendants were held in hereditary servitude for centuries, until the collapse of the Spartan state in 370 BC.
The Owl and the Pussy-Cat
"The Owl and the Pussy-Cat" is a nonsense poem by Edward Lear, first published in 1870 in the American magazine Our Young Folks and again the following year in Lear's own book Nonsense Songs, Stories, Botany, and Alphabets. Lear wrote the poem for a three-year-old girl, Janet Symonds, the daughter of Lear's friend and fellow poet John Addington Symonds and his wife Catherine Symonds. The term "runcible", used for the phrase "runcible spoon", was invented for the poem. It is believed that the cat in the poem was based on Lear's own pet cat, Foss.

John Addington Symonds
John Addington Symonds Jr. (/ˈsɪməndz/; 5 October 1840 – 19 April 1893) was an English poet and literary critic. A cultural historian, he was known for his work on the Renaissance, as well as numerous biographies of writers and artists. Although married with children, Symonds supported male love, which he believed could include pederastic as well as egalitarian relationships, referring to it as l'amour de l'impossible (love of the impossible). He also wrote much poetry inspired by his same-sex affairs.
Leelanau Peninsula
The Leelanau Peninsula (/ˈliːlənɔː/ LEE-lə-naw) is a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan that extends about 30 miles (50 km) from the western side of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan into Lake Michigan, forming Grand Traverse Bay. It is often referred to as the "little finger" of the mitten-shaped lower peninsula. The peninsula is a tourist hotspot, especially due to the popularity of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, which adorns the southwestern coast of the peninsula. The peninsula is also largely agricultural, notably for cherries and wine.

Most of the peninsula is politically part of the eponymous Leelanau County, which also administers the nearby Manitou Islands and Fox Islands. The base of the peninsula, at its southern end, is divided between Benzie County and Grand Traverse County. Traverse City, the largest city in Northern Michigan, is located at the southeastern end of the peninsula, at the head of Grand Traverse Bay.

Leland, Michigan
Leland (/ˈliːlənd/ LEE-lənd) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in Leelanau County, part of the northwestern Lower Peninsula of the state. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 410. From 1883 to 2004, Leland was the county seat of Leelanau County, which has since moved to Suttons Bay Township.

Part of Leland Township, Leland is situated on an isthmus between Lake Leelanau and Lake Michigan, and is bisected by the Leland River, flowing from the former to the latter. Leland is a significant tourism destination and summer colony, and is located nearby Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. Leland also serves as the departure point for ferry service to North and South Manitou Islands, both of which are wholly included in the National Lakeshore.
1999 Vuelta a España
The 1999 Vuelta a España was the 54th edition of the Vuelta a España, taking place from 4 September starting in Murcia and finishing in Madrid on 26 September 1999. It consisted of 21 stages over 3,576 km (2,222 mi), ridden at an average speed of 39.449 km/h (24.512 mph). The favourites were Laurent Jalabert, Alex Zülle, Jan Ullrich and defending champion Abraham Olano. In the end, Ullrich won the race.

Alex Zülle
Alex Zülle (born 5 July 1968) is a Swiss former professional road bicycle racer. During the 1990s he was one of the most successful cyclists in the world, winning the 1996 and 1997 Vuelta a España, taking second place in the 1995 and the 1999 Tour de France. He was world time-trial champion in Lugano in 1996. He admitted doping with EPO and raced for the three most notorious doping teams in 1997-9.
Vishakha
Vishākhā (विशाखा), meaning "forked, having many branches", is the 16th nakshatra in Indian astronomy. It corresponds to the stars α, β, γ and ι Librae in the constellation Libra. In Hindu mythology, Vishākhā is a daughter of the king Daksha. She is one of the twenty-seven daughters of Daksha, who married the moon-god Chandra. Vishākhā is the sixteenth nakshatra of the zodiac, ruled by the planet Jupiter, Brihaspati or Guru. It is also supposed to be the birth star of the goddess Sita.

Chandra
Chandra (Sanskrit: चन्द्र, romanized: Chandra, lit. 'shining' or 'moon'), also known as Soma (Sanskrit: सोम), is the Hindu god of the Moon, and is associated with the night, plants and vegetation. He is one of the Navagraha (nine planets of Hinduism) and Dikpala (guardians of the directions).
Simon J. Ortiz
Simon J. Ortiz (born May 27, 1941) is a Native American writer, poet, and enrolled member of the Pueblo of Acoma. Ortiz is one of the key figures in the second wave of what has been called the Native American Renaissance.

Ortiz's commitment to preserving and expanding the literary and oral histories of the Acoma people accounts for many of the themes and techniques that compose his work. Ortiz identifies himself less as a "poet" than a "storyteller". The composition of a traditional Pueblo storyteller includes not only oral narrative materials, which adapt easily to short story or essay forms but also songs, chants, winter stories, sacred oral narratives associated with origin stories and their attendant ceremonies. Such materials when recited aloud, have a distinctly "poetic" texture.

Native American Renaissance
The Native American Renaissance is a term originally coined by critic Kenneth Lincoln in the 1983 book Native American Renaissance to categorise the significant increase in production of literary works by Native Americans in the United States in the late 1960s and onwards. A. Robert Lee and Alan Velie note that the book's title "quickly gained currency as a term to describe the efflorescence on literary works that followed the publication of N. Scott Momaday's House Made of Dawn in 1968". Momaday's novel garnered critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1969.
Kokki (film)
Kokki (transl. Hook) is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Prabhu Solomon and produced by Sethu and Dheeraj Kher. The film stars Karan, Pooja Gandhi, and Kota Srinivasa Rao. The music was composed by Dhina with editing by Suresh Urs and cinematography by M. Jeevan. The film was released on 12 May 2006 and had a successful run at the box office.

Prabhu Solomon
Prabhu Solomon (born 7 May 1969) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who has primarily worked on Tamil films. After making his directorial debut in 1999 with Kannodu Kanbathellam, he had a middling career before rising to prominence with the success of Mynaa (2010).
Ahe
Ahe, Ahemaru or Omaru, is a coral atoll in the northern Tuamotu Archipelago, 14 km to the west of Manihi, in French Polynesia. Its ring shape is broken by only a single small passage into the lagoon. It has a land area of approximately 12 km2 and a lagoon area of 138 km2. As of 2012, Ahe Atoll had 553 inhabitants. The only village in Ahe is Tenukupara with approximately 100 inhabitants. It is located on an island in the south side of the Atoll.

The Atoll is part of the King George Islands (Iles du Roi Georges) subgroup, which includes Ahe, Manihi, Takapoto, Takaroa and Tikei. There are several pearl farms in Ahe's lagoon.

Tikei
Tikei, also known as Manu, Tikai and Tiku is an island in the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. Tikei is not a typical Tuamotu atoll, as its former lagoon filled in. The island is 3.9 kilometres (2.4 miles) long, 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mile) wide, and has a land area of 4 square kilometres (1.5 square miles). Its highest elevation is 3 metres (9.8 feet) above sea level.

Geographically Tikei is part of the King George Islands (Îles du Roi Georges) subgroup, which includes Ahe, Manihi, Takapoto, Takaroa and Tikei.

Tikei is uninhabited. There used to be human habitation and the main village was called Tereporepo. The closest land is Takapoto Atoll, located 73 km to the Northwest. Tikei Island has been poorly researched.
Aymen Bacha
Aymen Bacha (born 26 October 1999) is a Tunisian weightlifter. He represented Tunisia at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco, and he won the silver medal in the men's 109 kg event.

In 2018, at the Mediterranean Games held in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, he won the silver medal in the 105 kg Snatch event. He won the bronze medal in his event at the 2019 African Weightlifting Championships held in Cairo, Egypt.

In 2020, he finished in 6th place in the men's 109 kg event at the Roma 2020 World Cup in Rome, Italy.

He represented Tunisia at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the men's 109 kg event.

He won two medals at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria. He won the silver medal in the men's 102 kg Snatch event and the gold medal in the men's 102 kg Clean & Jerk event.

Tunisia at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Tunisia competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the nation's official debut in 1960, Tunisian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the nation's partial support for the US-led boycott.
Mechanical equivalent of heat
In the history of science, the mechanical equivalent of heat states that motion and heat are mutually interchangeable and that in every case, a given amount of work would generate the same amount of heat, provided the work done is totally converted to heat energy.  The mechanical equivalent of heat was a concept that had an important part in the development and acceptance of the conservation of energy and the establishment of the science of thermodynamics in the 19th century. Its independent and simultaneous discovery by James Prescott Joule and by Julius Robert von Mayer led to a priority dispute.

James Prescott Joule
James Prescott Joule (/dʒuːl/; 24 December 1818 –  11 October 1889) was an English physicist. Joule studied the nature of heat and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the law of conservation of energy, which in turn led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI unit of energy, the joule (J), is named after him.

He worked with Lord Kelvin to develop an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale, which came to be called the Kelvin scale. Joule also made observations of magnetostriction, and he found the relationship between the current through a resistor and the heat dissipated, which is also called Joule's first law. His experiments about energy transformations were first published in 1843.
Westminster and Middlesex Commission of Sewers
The Westminster and Middlesex Commission of Sewers was established in 1596 under the 1531 Statute of Sewers.

Its area was defined by the Westminster and Middlesex Sewers Act 1807 (47 Geo. 3 Sess. 1. c. vii), and prior to that by various letters patent.

In 1811 the commissioners leased 1 Greek Street, Soho, as their offices.

It was absorbed by the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers (which took over the Greek Street offices) on 1 January 1849.

Records are kept at the London Metropolitan Archives.

House of St Barnabas
The House of St Barnabas, at 1 Greek Street,  Soho, is a Grade I Listed Georgian building in London notable for its rococo plasterwork interiors and for other architectural features.

Since 1862 the House has been run as a charity to help those who have experienced homelessness. The name of the organisation was changed from the "House of Charity" to the "House of St Barnabas" in 1951. The building functioned as a hostel for women until 2006.

The not-for-profit members' club at The House of St Barnabas opened in October 2013 and closed in January 2024.
Brenda Allen
Brenda Allen (aka Marie Mitchell) was an American madam based in Los Angeles, California, whose arrest in 1948 triggered a scandal that led to the attempted reform of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). Allen received police protection due to her relationship with Sergeant Elmer V. Jackson of the LAPD's administrative vice squad, who reportedly was her lover.

Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, often called a pimp if male, or a madam if female, (though the term "pimp" is often used for female procurers as well) or a brothel keeper, is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing and possibly monopolizing a location where the prostitute may solicit clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.

Examples of procuring include: helping to support trafficking a person into a country for the purpose of soliciting sex; operating a business where prostitution occurs; transporting a prostitute to the location of their arrangement; and deriving financial gain from the prostitution of another.
Censorship in North Korea
North Korea ranks among some of the most extreme censorship in the world, with the government able to take strict control over communications. North Korea sits at one of the lowest places of Reporters Without Borders' 2025 Press Freedom Index, ranking 179 out of the 180 countries investigated.

In North Korea, all media outlets are owned and controlled by the government, and all news content are produced and censored by the Korean Central News Agency. The media dedicate a large portion of their resources toward political propaganda and promoting the personality cult of the Kim family (Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong Un). The government of Kim Jong Un still has authority over and control of the press and information and has been repeatedly ranked one of the top 5 countries in the world with the least amount of media freedom.

Kwangmyong (network)
Kwangmyong (Korean: 광명; lit. bright light) is a North Korean national intranet service opened in the early 2000s. The Kwangmyong intranet system stands in contrast to the global Internet in North Korea, which is available to fewer people in the country.

The network uses domain names under the .kp top level domain that are not usually accessible from the global Internet. As of 2016, the network uses IPv4 addresses reserved for private networks in the 10.0.0.0/8 range, also known as 24-bit block as defined in RFC 1918. North Koreans often find it more convenient to access sites by their IP address rather than by domain name using Latin characters. Like the global Internet, the network hosts content accessible with web browsers, and provides an internal web search engine. It also provides email services and news groups. The intranet is managed by the Korea Computer Center.
Korach (parashah)
Korach or Korah (Hebrew: קֹרַח Qoraḥ—the name "Korah," which in turn means baldness, ice, hail, or frost, the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 38th weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשָׁה‎, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the Book of Numbers. It tells of Korach's failed attempt to overthrow Moses.

The parashah comprises Numbers 16:1–18:32. It is made up of 5,325 Hebrew letters, 1,409 Hebrew words, 95 verses, and 184 lines in a Torah Scroll (סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה‎, Sefer Torah). Korach is generally read in June or July.

The Latin and other Christian translations have a different division of chapters and verses from that later adopted for the Hebrew, where the xvi chapter has fifty verses, until the Hebrew xvii:15, and the xvii chapter, starting from the Hebrew xvii:16, has only thirteen verses.

Weekly Torah portion
The weekly Torah portion refers to a lectionary custom in Judaism in which a portion of the Torah (or Pentateuch) is read during Jewish prayer services on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday. The full name, Parashat HaShavua (Hebrew: פָּרָשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ), is popularly abbreviated to parashah (also parshah /pɑːrʃə/ or parsha), and is also known as a Sidra or Sedra /sɛdrə/. The parashah is a section of the Torah used in Jewish liturgy during a particular week. There are 54 parshas, or parashiyot in Hebrew, and the full cycle is read over the course of one Biblical year.
Citroën C4 Cactus
The Citroën C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV, produced by French automaker Citroën in Spain between April 2014 and December 2017, with production of the second generation commencing in October 2017 (until May 2020 in Villaverde), with the final months of production being disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The C4 Cactus is considered a compact SUV, although it is based on the PSA PF1 platform that underpins the smaller Citroën C3 and DS3.

A distinctive design feature is the "AirBump" panels on the car's sides, designed to protect the vehicle from damage in car parks. The Citroën Cactus Concept, presented at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, previewed the production version. The C4 Cactus was presented at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show.

PSA PF1 platform
The PSA PF1 platform is a global subcompact automobile platform originally developed by the French automaker PSA, now Stellantis. It has been the foundation for a wide range of B-segment (subcompact) cars produced since the early 2000s.
Heights (film)
Heights is a 2005 American drama film directed by Chris Terrio and written by Amy Fox, based on her 2001 stage play of the same name. It follows a pivotal twenty-four hours in the interconnected lives of five New Yorkers. It stars Elizabeth Banks, James Marsden, Glenn Close, Jesse Bradford, and John Light. Numerous prominent actors such as Eric Bogosian, George Segal, and Isabella Rossellini appear in supporting roles.

Heights was produced by Merchant Ivory Productions. It premiered at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2005, and received a limited theatrical release in the United States on June 17, 2005, through Sony Pictures Classics.

Chris Terrio
Chris Terrio (born December 31, 1976) is an American screenwriter and film director. He is best known for writing the screenplay for the 2012 film Argo, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Terrio also won the Writers Guild Award for Best Adapted Screenplay of 2012 and was nominated for Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay, a BAFTA, and the 2013 Los Angeles Film Critics Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for this work.

Terrio wrote the screenplay for Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the follow-up to Zack Snyder's Man of Steel, based on an earlier draft by David S. Goyer, and is credited as co-writer for the 2017 film Justice League, alongside Joss Whedon for the theatrical cut and Zack Snyder and Will Beall for the 2021 director's cut for Warner Bros. He completed another screenplay, A Foreigner, based on an article by the journalist David Grann. Terrio also co-wrote the script for Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker with director J. J. Abrams.
Michael Fitzsimons
Michael Fitzsimons (born 9 April 1989) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Cuala in Dalkey as formerly for the Dublin county team. He is the most decorated male intercounty gaelic footballer of all time, alongside Stephen Cluxton and James McCarthy, having won nine All Ireland Football Championships.

Cuala G.A.A.
Cuala GAA club (or Cuala GAC, [ˈkuəlˠə] KOO-luh) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Dalkey in the south of County Dublin, Ireland. It fields teams in Dublin GAA competitions. Cuala is primarily based in a sports and social centre in Dalkey, and also has playing facilities in Glenageary, Meadow Vale/Clonkeen Park, Shankill and Sallynoggin.

The club name derives from Cualu or Cuala, an ancient kingdom of Ireland that stretched roughly from the Liffey to Arklow.
Rhomboid muscles
The rhomboid muscles (/ˈrɒmbɔɪd/), often simply called the rhomboids, are rhombus-shaped muscles associated with the scapula. There are two rhomboid muscles on each side of the upper back:

Rhomboid major muscle

Rhomboid minor muscle

The large rhombus-shaped muscle, located under the trapezius muscle, in the upper part of the thoracic region of the back, and the small muscle, in the same way, participate in the movement of the scapula. Their functions are the following:

Drawing scapula superomedially

Supporting scapula

Rotating glenoid cavity inferiorly

Both muscles are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve, a branch of the brachial plexus.

Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.