hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taoyuan County
Taoyuan County (simplified Chinese: 桃源县; traditional Chinese: 桃源縣; pinyin: Táoyuán Xiàn) is under the administration of Changde, Hunan Province, China. The Yuan River, a tributary of the Yangtze, flows through Taoyuan. It covers an area of 4441 square kilometers, of which 895 km2 (346 sq mi) is arable land. It is 229 km (142 mi) from Zhangjiang Town, the county seat, to Changsha, the capital city of Hunan province. The county occupies the southwestern corner of Changde City and borders the prefecture-level cities of Zhangjiajie to the northwest and Huaihua to the southwest.

The Peach Blossom Spring
The Peach Blossom Spring (Chinese: 桃花源記; pinyin: Táohuā Yuán Jì; lit. 'Source of the Peach Blossoms', also translated as “(The Record of) the Peach Blossom”), or Peach Blossom Spring Story or The Peach Blossom Land was a fable written by Tao Yuanming in 421 CE about a chance discovery of an ethereal utopia where the people lead an ideal existence in harmony with nature, unaware of the outside world for centuries. The phrase can be used to describe an idealistic place of beauty and repose, although it is sometimes used to refer to an unrealistic dream.
Sharad Vaidya
Sharad Vaidya (7 March 1936 – 19 October 2000) was an Indian surgeon who specialized in cancer surgery. He established the Goa Cancer Society and founded the Gosalia Memorial Cancer Hospital and the National Organisation for Tobacco Eradication.

National Organisation for Tobacco Eradication (India)
The National Organisation for Tobacco Eradication (NOTE) is an Indian federation of 20 non-governmental organisations that was founded during a meeting in Goa in 1992. The first national chairman was Sharad Vaidya, who retained this position until his death in 2000. Currently, the federation is chaired by Shekhar Salkar.

NOTE has chapters in 7 states (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Goa) and has its headquarters in Goa. There are collaborating institutions and individuals in all Indian states.
Hazardous Mutation
Hazardous Mutation is the second album by the American crossover thrash band Municipal Waste.  It is also the band's debut on Earache Records. The album's main theme is zombies, other monsters, and partying all tied together with humorous yet brutal lyrics. It was also released as a special edition with a bonus live DVD. It was the first album produced by Nick Poulos.

Tony Foresta
Anthony Russell Foresta (born May 20, 1976) is an American vocalist who is the lead singer of crossover thrash bands Municipal Waste, Iron Reagan and (since 2022) the supergroup Heaven's Gate which he helped co-found with Cannibal Corpse drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz. In 2024, Foresta joined as the new lead vocalist of hardcore punk band Rich Kids on LSD.

Foresta founded Municipal Waste in 2001 with Ryan Waste, Andy Harris, and Brendan Trache. In 2012, Foresta, along with Municipal Waste bandmate Phil Hall, Ryan Parrish, and Paul Burnette formed Iron Reagan.
Francis Meilland
Francis Meilland (February 20, 1912— June 15, 1958) was a French rose breeder and co-founder of Meilland International, a family-owned rose growing company in southern France. The Meilland family has been breeding and selling roses since 1850. Francis Meilland is best known for developing the legendary Hybrid tea rose, 'Peace', in the 1930s. Since the rose's introduction in the U.S. in 1945, over 40 million 'Peace' roses have been sold worldwide.

Rosa 'Peace'
The Peace rose, formally Rosa 'Peace', synonym Mme A. Meilland, is a well-known and successful garden rose. By 1992, over one hundred million plants of this hybrid tea had been sold. The cultivar has large flowers of a light yellow to cream color, slightly flushed at the petal edges with crimson-pink. It is hardy and vigorous and relatively resistant to disease, making it popular in gardens as well as in the floral trade.

It was developed by French horticulturist Francis Meilland, in the years 1935 to 1939. When Meilland foresaw the German invasion of France, he sent cuttings to friends in Italy, Turkey, Germany, and the United States to protect the new rose. It is said that it was sent to the US on the last plane available before the German invasion, where it was safely propagated by the Conard Pyle Co. during the war.
Pistol Auto 9mm 1A
The Pistol Auto 9mm 1A, also known as IOF 9mm pistol, is a semi-automatic pistol manufactured by Rifle Factory Ishapore as a copy of the Browning Hi-Power. These were made using tooling acquired from John Inglis and Company.

Rifle Factory Ishapore
22°48′11″N 88°22′08″E﻿ / ﻿22.803°N 88.369°E﻿ / 22.803; 88.369

The Rifle Factory Ishapore (also known as Ishapore Arsenal) is an Indian state-owned arms manufacturing unit located at Ichapore in the state of West Bengal.
Italian Concerto (Bach)
The Italian Concerto, BWV 971, originally titled Concerto nach Italiænischen Gusto (Concerto in the Italian taste), is a three-movement concerto for two-manual harpsichord solo composed by Johann Sebastian Bach and published in 1735 as the first half of Clavier-Übung II (the second half being the French Overture).  The Italian Concerto has become popular among Bach's keyboard works, and has been widely recorded both on the harpsichord and piano.

Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (German: [ˈbax ˌvɛʁkə fɐˈtsaɪçnɪs], lit. 'Bach Works Catalogue'; BWV) is a catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990 and the third edition in 2022.

The catalogue groups compositions by genre. Even within a genre, compositions are not necessarily collated chronologically. 
In part this reflects the fact that some compositions cannot be dated. However, an approximate or precise date can be assigned to others: for example, BWV 992 was composed many years before BWV 1.
Anastasiya Shoshyna
Anastasiya Mykolayivna Shoshyna (Ukrainian: Анастасія Миколаївна Шошина; Polish: Anastasija Szoszyna; born 30 November 1997) is a Polish former professional tennis player.

Shoshyna won five singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. She has career-high WTA rankings of 381 in singles and 279 in doubles, reached on 19 August 2019 and on 2 March 2020, respectively.

Shoshyna made her WTA Tour singles main-draw debut at the 2016 Katowice Open, after receiving a wildcard for the tournament.

In June 2022, Shoshyna was issued with a four-year ban backdated to October 2020 for an anti-doping rule violation after testing positive for stanozolol at a tournament in Istanbul, Turkey.

2016 Katowice Open
The 2016 Katowice Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Katowice Open and an International tournament on the 2016 WTA Tour. It took place at Spodek arena in Katowice, Poland, from 4 April to 10 April 2016.
Herbert A. Hauptman
Herbert Aaron Hauptman (February 14, 1917 – October 23, 2011) was an American mathematician and Nobel laureate. He pioneered and developed a mathematical method that has changed the whole field of chemistry and opened a new era in research in determination of molecular structures of crystallized materials. Today, Hauptman's direct methods, which he continued to improve and refine, are routinely used to solve complicated structures. It was the application of this mathematical method to a wide variety of chemical structures that led the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to name Hauptman and Jerome Karle recipients of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. Located in Washington, DC, it was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.

As of 2016, NRL was a Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL's research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year.
Aysel Çelikel
Aysel Çelikel (born 1933) is a Turkish academic, legal scholar and author who served as the first Minister of Justice of Turkey at 57th Cabinet. She was neither a Member of Parliament nor in political affiliation. She was appointed as an independent minister by Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit in accordance with Article 114 of the Constitution three months before the 1999 general election.

Aysel Çelikel is currently the Chairwoman of the Association for the Support of Contemporary Living (Turkish: Çağdaş Yaşamı Destekleme Derneği, ÇYDD).

Association for the Support of Contemporary Life
Association for the Support of Contemporary Life (Turkish: Çağdaş Yaşamı Destekleme Derneği) is a non-profit NGO in Turkey. The main office is in Istanbul and there are 103 branch offices nationwide. The association helps girls across Turkey to obtain an education, ultimately promoting gender equality.
Jeff Probst
Jeffrey Lee Probst (/proʊbst/; born November 4, 1961) is an American television presenter, producer, and young adult fiction writer. He is best known as the Emmy Award–winning host of the American version of the reality television show Survivor since 2000. He was also the host of The Jeff Probst Show, a syndicated daytime talk show produced by CBS Television Distribution from September 2012 to May 2013.

Access Hollywood
Access Hollywood, briefly known as Access from 2017 to 2019, is an American weekday television entertainment news program that premiered on September 9, 1996. It covers events and celebrities in the entertainment industry. It was created by former Entertainment Tonight executive producer Jim Van Messel and is currently executive produced by Maureen FitzPatrick and directed by Richard Plotkin. In previous years, Doug Dougherty, Christopher A. Berry and Kim Anastasia directed the program. Access Hollywood primarily focuses on news in the music, television, and film industries.
Grainger Stadium
Grainger Stadium is a baseball stadium located in Kinston, North Carolina. It is the home ballpark for the Down East Bird Dawgs who competes in the Frontier League (FL), as well as the annual Freedom Classic between Navy and Air Force. Grainger was previously home to the Down East Wood Ducks, the Kinston Indians and all the professional Kinston baseball teams since 1949.

Down East Bird Dawgs
The Down East Bird Dawgs (colloquially known as the Dawgs) are a professional baseball team based in Kinston, North Carolina. The Bird Dawgs compete in the Frontier League (FL) as a member of the Atlantic Division. The team plays its home games at Grainger Stadium.

The franchise was formed in 2025 following the folding of the Down East Wood Ducks. The Wood Ducks played eight seasons at Grainger Stadium as the Single-A affiliate of the Texas Rangers in the Carolina League, winning the Carolina League title in 2017 during their inaugural season, and making the playoffs four times: 2017, 2019, 2021 and 2023. In 2023, the Texas Rangers sold the Wood Ducks to Diamond Baseball Holdings, which owns and operates many minor league baseball teams across the United States. The team moved to Fifth Third Park in Spartanburg, South Carolina, and was renamed to the Hub City Spartanburgers, playing in the South Atlantic League starting at the 2025 season.
George Crile III
George Washington Crile III (March 5, 1945 – May 15, 2006) was an American journalist most closely associated with his three decades of work at CBS News. He specialized in dangerous and controversial subjects, resulting in both praise and controversy. He received an Emmy Award, Peabody Award, and Edward R. Murrow Award.

60 Minutes II
60 Minutes II (also known as 60 Minutes Wednesday and 60 Minutes) is an American prime time news magazine that was broadcast by CBS from January 13, 1999 to September 2, 2005. The series was a weeknight spin-off of CBS's long-running Sunday-evening news magazine 60 Minutes; it followed a similar style and format to its parent show, but with a different production team led by Jeff Fager. It also featured rebroadcasts and follow-ups to classic 60 Minutes stories.

It initially aired on Wednesday nights. In 2004, the program was renamed to simply 60 Minutes (or 60 Minutes Wednesday) to alleviate a perception that the program was of lower quality than the flagship Sunday edition. The show was later moved to a Friday time slot, where it completed its run.
Flint Firebirds
The Flint Firebirds are a major junior ice hockey team based in Flint, Michigan. The team plays home games at the Dort Financial Center, and operates as a member of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). The team began play for the 2015–16 season. In September 2022, the Firebirds announced the Leamington Flyers as an affiliate.

Connor Clattenburg
Connor Bradley Clattenburg (born May 2, 2005) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a forward for the Bakersfield Condors in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 160th overall in the 2024 NHL entry draft.
Blue Orchids
Blue Orchids are an English post-punk band formed in Manchester in 1979, when Martin Bramah left the Fall, after playing on the band's debut album Live at the Witch Trials. 
Christened by Salford-based punk poet John Cooper Clarke the band recorded for Rough Trade and acted as backing band for the Velvet Underground's Nico before a 25-year period of intermittent activity and fluctuating line-ups.

Live at the Witch Trials
Live at the Witch Trials is the debut studio album by the English post-punk band the Fall. It was released on 16 March 1979 through record label Step-Forward. It is not, despite its title, a live album and was recorded in a studio in a single day and mixed by producer Bob Sargeant.
Mary McCarthy (author)
Mary Therese McCarthy (June 21, 1912 – October 25, 1989) was an American novelist, critic and political activist, best known for her novel The Group, her marriage to critic Edmund Wilson, and her storied feud with playwright Lillian Hellman. McCarthy was the winner of the Horizon Prize in 1949 and was awarded two Guggenheim Fellowships, in 1949 and 1959. She was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters and the American Academy in Rome. In 1973, she delivered the Huizinga Lecture in Leiden, the Netherlands, under the title Can There Be a Gothic Literature? The same year she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She won the National Medal for Literature and the Edward MacDowell Medal in 1984. McCarthy held honorary degrees from Bard, Bowdoin, Colby, Smith College, Syracuse University, the University of Maine at Orono, the University of Aberdeen, and the University of Hull.

Edward MacDowell Medal
The Edward MacDowell Medal is an award which has been given since 1960 to one person annually who has made an outstanding contribution to American culture and the arts. It is given by MacDowell, the first artist residency program in the United States.
Suits index
The Suits index of a public policy is a measure of tax progressiveness, named for economist Daniel B. Suits.  Similar to the Gini coefficient, the Suits index is calculated by comparing the area under the Lorenz curve to the area under a proportional line.  For a progressive tax (for example, where higher income tax units pay a greater fraction of their income as tax), the Suits index is positive.  A proportional tax (for example, where each unit pays an equal fraction of income) has a Suits index of zero, and a regressive tax (for example, where lower income tax units pay a greater fraction of income in tax) has a negative Suits index.  A theoretical tax where the richest person pays all the tax has a Suits index of 1, and a tax where the poorest person pays everything has a Suits index of −1.  Tax preferences (credits and deductions) also have a Suits index.

Regressive tax
A regressive tax is a tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases. "Regressive" describes a distribution effect on income or expenditure, referring to the way the rate progresses from high to low, so that the average tax rate exceeds the marginal tax rate.

The regressivity of a particular tax can also factor the propensity of the taxpayers to engage in the taxed activity relative to their resources (the demographics of the tax base). In other words, if the activity being taxed is more likely to be carried out by the poor and less likely to be carried out by the rich, the tax may be considered regressive. To measure the effect, the income elasticity of the good being taxed as well as the income effect on consumption must be considered. The measure can be applied to individual taxes or to a tax system as a whole; a year, multi-year, or lifetime.
Wildness (film)
Wildness is a 2003 Australian documentary film, created by Scott Millwood and Michael McMahon, about wildlife photographers Olegas Truchanas and Peter Dombrovskis.

The film's music was composed by Evelyn Glennie.

Olegas Truchanas
Olegas Truchanas (22 September 1923 – 6 January 1972) was a Lithuanian-Australian conservationist and nature photographer.

He was a key figure in the attempt to stop the damming of the ecologically sensitive Lake Pedder in South West Tasmania by the Hydro Electricity Commission. His photographs, along with those of his protégé, Peter Dombrovskis, helped raise public awareness of the importance of the south-west Tasmania.
Bârnova Monastery
The Bârnova Monastery (Romanian: Mănăstirea Bârnova) is a Romanian Orthodox monastery located in Bârnova, Iași metropolitan area, Moldavia, Romania.

Built in 1628 by Moldavian Voivode Miron Barnovschi-Movilă, the monastery is listed in the National Register of Historic Monuments.

The oldest tree in Iași County is the 675-year-old hybrid lime tree (declared Natural Monument), located in the courtyard of Bârnova Monastery. When the lime was about 57 years old and had about 14 centimetres in diameter, Iași was mentioned as an urban settlement, during the reign of Prince Alexander the Good (1408).

Bârnova
Bârnova is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania, part of the Iași Metropolitan Area. It is composed of six villages: Bârnova, Cercu, Păun, Pietrăria, Todirel, and Vișan.

The commune is located in the southern part of the county, 9 km (5.6 mi) from Iași, on the DN24 national road leading to Vaslui.
2021 Grand Prix of Portland
The 2021 Grand Prix of Portland was an IndyCar motor race held on September 12, 2021 at the Portland International Raceway. It was the 14th round of the 2021 IndyCar Series season.

The race was won by Álex Palou, who started on pole, with Alexander Rossi finishing second and Scott Dixon third.

Callum Ilott
Callum Benjamin Ilott (/ˈaɪlɒt/ EYE-lot; born 11 November 1998) is a British racing driver who competes in the IndyCar Series, driving No. 90 Dallara-Chevrolet for Prema Racing. He previously competed in the 2024 FIA World Endurance Championship racing for Jota Sport in the Hypercar category.

Ilott was runner-up to Mick Schumacher in the 2020 Formula 2 Championship. He was previously a member of the Ferrari Driver Academy.
Archery, Georgia
Archery is an unincorporated community in Webster County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The community lies about 3 miles (4.8 km) from Plains.

Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States, grew up in Archery on a farm which is now known as the "Jimmy Carter Boyhood Farm" and is part of the Jimmy Carter National Historic Site.

Webster County, Georgia
Webster County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census reflected a population of 2,348, making it the third-least populous county in Georgia. The county seat is Preston.
Medea (Johnson play)
Medea is a 1730 play by the British writer Charles Johnson. It is about Medea from Greek mythology and based on the play Medea by Euripides.

The original Drury Lane cast included  Mary Porter as Medea, Robert Wilks as Jason, William Mills as Aegeus, Christiana Horton as Ethra, John Mills as Creon, Sarah Thurmond as Creusa, Thomas Hallam as Eumelus and John Corey as Therapion.

William Mills (actor)
William Mills (1701–1750) was a British stage actor.

The son of veteran stage actor John Mills and his wife Margaret Mills, he was born in London and baptised at St Martin-in-the-Fields on 29 June 1701. Under his father's guidance he made his debut as a child actor in 1712.

Like his father, he was a long-standing member of the Drury Lane theatre company. He took part in the Actor Rebellion of 1733, and left to work at the Haymarket Theatre for a season before returning to Drury Lane. His last appearance was in The Merchant of Venice in February 1750 and he died two months later on 18 April, shortly before a benefit was to be staged for him, and was buried at St Martin-in-the-Fields.

He was married to the actress Theodosia Mills until her death in 1733, after which he married another actress Elizabeth Holliday. With his first wife he had a daughter also called Theodosia who likewise became an actress.
Clarks Junction
Clarks Junction, also known simply as Clarks, is a locality in the Otago Region of the South Island of New Zealand. It is located at the junction of State Highway 87 and the Old Dunstan Road, approximately halfway between Outram and Middlemarch.

Clarks Junction was an important stop on the trail to the goldfields of Central Otago in the years following the 1860s gold rush. It was named after an early settler who became the settlement's first postmaster in 1867.

Clarks Junction's most notable feature was the local pub, the Clarks Junction Hotel, which closed down in March 2020.

State Highway 87 (New Zealand)
State Highway 87 (SH 87) is a state highway in New Zealand servicing the Taieri Plains and the Strath-Taieri Valley in Otago, connecting Mosgiel to Kyeburn on the eastern flank of the Maniototo Plains.

The highway is two-lane for its entire length, and there are four sets of traffic lights in Mosgiel.
Henry Marcel
Henri-Camille Marcel called Henry Marcel, (25 November 1854 – 6 March 1926) was a 19th–20th-century French senior official, general administrator of the Bibliothèque nationale de France from 1905 to 1913.

In October 1903, he succeeded Henry Roujon at the head of the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts of Paris.

In 1905, he was appointed general administrator of the Bibliothèque nationale after Léopold Delisle.

In May 1913, he became head of the Réunion des musées nationaux, until 1919.

In February 1889, he married Laure Meyer (first daughter of banker Maurice Meyer) with whom he had a son, philosopher and playwright Gabriel Marcel. After Laure's premature death, he married Berthe Meyer, sister of the former.

Gabriel Marcel
Gabriel Honoré Marcel (7 December 1889 – 8 October 1973) was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist. The author of over a dozen books and at least thirty plays, Marcel's work focused on the modern individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society. Though often regarded as the first French existentialist, he dissociated himself from figures such as Jean-Paul Sartre, preferring the term philosophy of existence or neo-Socrateanism to define his own thought. The Mystery of Being is a well-known two-volume work authored by Marcel.