hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dzierzbiętów Mały
Dzierzbiętów Mały [d͡ʑɛʐˈbjɛntuf ˈmawɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyca, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Łęczyca and 33 km (21 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Łęczyca
Gmina Łęczyca is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Łęczyca, although the town is not part of the gmina's territory.

The gmina covers an area of 150.8 square kilometres (58.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population was 8,549.
Heath High Level railway station
Heath High Level railway station is one of two railway stations serving Heath, Cardiff, Wales. The station is located on the Rhymney Line. Passenger services are provided by Transport for Wales as part of the Valley Lines network.

It was opened by the Rhymney Railway in 1915. The Low Level station is located on the Coryton Line.

Heath, Cardiff
Heath (Welsh: Y Mynydd Bychan) is a district, community and coterminous electoral ward in the north of Cardiff, capital of Wales. It is a predominantly affluent area with property prices being the third highest in the city. The area is known for its traditional 1930s detached and semi-detached properties with large south facing gardens. Roads are tree lined and large greeneries with the notable attraction of Heath Park and the joining of the University Hospital of Wales.

The population of the ward and community taken at the 2011 census was 12,629.
Syed Nazrul Islam National Swimming Complex
Syed Nazrul Islam National Swimming Complex built in 1993, is the national and international swimming sports hosting and training venue of Bangladesh. It is the main swimming venue in Bangladesh and the third venue within Dhaka city, It is affiliated to the National Sports Council, like the official venues for all swimming sports events in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Swimming Federation maintains the pool. The pool is posthumously named after Syed Nazrul Islam. Due to its location, the facility is known as Mirpur Swimming Complex.

Bangladesh Swimming Federation
The Bangladesh Swimming Federation is the national federation for swimming and is responsible for governing the sport in Bangladesh. M B Saif is the general secretary of the federation. Admiral M Shaheen Iqbal, Chief of Bangladesh Navy, is the president of Bangladesh Swimming Federation.
Taiyuan University of Technology
The Taiyuan University of Technology (太原理工大学; TYUT) is a provincial public science and engineering university in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Shanxi and funded by the Shanxi Provincial People's Government. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Taiyuan
Taiyuan (Taiyuan Jin: [tʰai˦˥ ye˩˩]) is the capital of Shanxi, China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province, containing an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; The City of Dragon).

As of 2021, the city governs 6 districts, 3 counties, and hosts a county-level city with a total area of 6,988 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,390,957.

Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi, with the Fen River flowing through the central city.
Joseph Valentin Boussinesq
Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (pronounced [ʒozɛf valɑ̃tɛ̃ businɛsk]; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat.

John Scott Russell
John Scott Russell (9 May 1808, Parkhead, Glasgow – 8 June 1882, Ventnor, Isle of Wight) was a Scottish civil engineer, naval architect and shipbuilder who built Great Eastern in collaboration with Isambard Kingdom Brunel. He made the discovery of the wave of translation that gave birth to the modern study of solitons, and developed the wave-line system of ship construction.

Russell was a promoter of the Great Exhibition of 1851.
Bagram torture and prisoner abuse
In 2005, The New York Times obtained a 2,000-page United States Army investigatory report concerning the homicides of two unarmed civilian Afghan prisoners by U.S. military personnel in December 2002 at the Bagram Theater Internment Facility (also Bagram Collection Point or B.C.P., now the Parwan Detention Facility) in Bagram, Afghanistan, and general treatment of prisoners. Two prisoners, Habibullah and Dilawar, were repeatedly chained to the ceiling and beaten, resulting in their deaths. Military coroners ruled that both prisoners' deaths were homicides. Autopsies revealed severe trauma to both prisoners' legs, describing the trauma as comparable to being run over by a bus. Seven soldiers were charged in 2005.

Hajimumin, another prisoner, told Al Jazeera that they tied them to chairs and applied electric shocks for 30 seconds a time for torture purposes.

Bagram
Bagram (/bəɡrɑːm/; Pashto/Dari: بگرام) is a town and seat in Bagram District in Parwan Province of Afghanistan, about 60 kilometers north of the capital Kabul. It is the site of an ancient city located at the junction of the Ghorband and Panjshir Valley, near today's city of Charikar, Afghanistan. The location of this historical town made it a key passage from Ancient India along the Silk Road, leading westwards through the mountains towards Bamiyan, and north over the Kushan Pass to the Baghlan Valley and past the Kushan archeological site at Surkh Kotal, to the commercial centre of Balkh and the rest of northern Afghanistan. Bagram was the capital of the Kushan Empire in the first century [AD].
Atal Pension Yojana
Atal Pension Yojana (APY, translation: Atal's Pension Scheme), formerly known as Swavalamban Yojana (SY, translation: Self-Support Scheme), is a government-backed pension scheme in India, primarily targeted at the unorganised sector. It was primarily launched as Swavalamban Yojana by UPA government, but renamed as Atal Pension Yojana in 2015 after the former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Bajpayee. It was mentioned in the year 2015 budget speech of Finance Minister Arun Jaitley. It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 May 2015 in Kolkata. Its main objective is to help towards economic security of those people who become depressed after their working age and take retirement from professional life.

2015 Union budget of India
The 2015 Union budget of India refers to 2015–2016 Union budget of India. The beginning of the budget printing began on 19 February 2015 with the traditional halwa ceremony. From 20 February until the presentation of budget about 100 government employees remained locked up in the North Block of the Secretariat Building, New Delhi, which houses the budget printing press, to maintain secrecy. The budget was presented on 28 February by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley.
Dum Dum Arsenal
The Dum Dum Arsenal was a British military facility located near the town of Dum Dum in modern West Bengal, India.

The arsenal was at the centre of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, caused in part by rumours that the paper cartridges for their muzzle-loading rifles, which they were expected to bite open, were greased with pig lard (a problem for Muslims) or cow fat (a problem for Hindus).

It was at this arsenal that Captain Neville Bertie-Clay developed the .303-inch Mark II Special cartridge, incorporating the original so-called  "Dum-dum bullet", a soft-point bullet designed to mushroom on striking. This was the first in a series of expanding bullets developed by the British for military use. They were later banned in warfare by the Hague Convention as being "too inhumane."

On 7 December 1908, a serious, accidental explosion occurred at the Dum Dum arsenal, resulting in the death or serious injury to about 50 workers.

Dum Dum
Dum Dum is a city and a municipality in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). The Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport locally known as Kolkata Airport, is situated at Dum Dum. Dum Dum area was divided into three parts governed by three separate municipalities named as South Dum Dum, Dum Dum and North Dum Dum.
Fort Kearny (Washington, D.C.)
Fort Kearny was a fort constructed during the American Civil War as part of the defenses of Washington, D.C. Located near Tenleytown, in the District of Columbia, it filled the gap between Fort Reno and Fort DeRussy north of the city of Washington. The fort was named in honor of Maj. Gen. Philip Kearny of the Union Army, who was killed at the Battle of Chantilly on September 1, 1862. Three batteries of guns (Battery Rossell, Battery Terrill, and Battery Smead) supported the fort, and are considered part of the fort's defenses.

Philip Kearny
Philip Kearny Jr. (/ˈkɑːrni/; June 1, 1815 – September 1, 1862) was a United States Army officer, notable for his leadership in the Mexican–American War and American Civil War. He served in French Emperor Napoleon III's Imperial Guard at the Battle of Solferino.

The first U.S. citizen to be awarded the French Légion d'Honneur, he was killed in action in the 1862 Battle of Chantilly.
Barra Strait
The Barra Strait is a 1.22 km (0.76 mi) wide channel located in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.  It connects the northern and southern basins of Bras d'Or Lake, an inland saltwater body that dominates the centre of Cape Breton Island.  The border between two of Cape Breton Island's counties runs through the strait; the community of Grand Narrows, in Cape Breton County, is situated on the eastern shore while the community of Iona, in Victoria County is situated on the western shore.

Grand Narrows
Grand Narrows (Mi'kmawi'simk: Taawitk, Scottish Gaelic: An Caolas Mór) (2001 population 15) is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Cape Breton Regional Municipality. The community is the birthplace of the longest serving Premier of Nova Scotia, George Henry Murray. The Barra Strait Marina is here, operated by the Grand Narrows Waterfront Development Society.
Seth Lerer
Seth Lerer (born 1955) is an American scholar and Professor of English. He specializes in historical analyses of the English language, and in addition to critical analyses of the works of several authors, particularly Geoffrey Chaucer. He is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Literature at the University of California, San Diego, where he served as the Dean of Arts and Humanities from 2009 to 2014. He previously held the Avalon Foundation Professorship in Humanities at Stanford University. Lerer won the 2010 Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism and the 2009 National Book Critics Circle Award in Criticism for Children’s Literature: A Readers’ History from Aesop to Harry Potter.

Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism
The Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism is awarded for literary criticism by the University of Iowa on behalf of the Truman Capote Literary Trust.  The award is regarded as the Pulitzer Prize of Literary Criticism. The value of the award is US$30,000, and is said to be the largest annual cash prize for literary criticism in the English language. The formal name of the prize is the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism in Memory of Newton Arvin, commemorating both Capote and his friend Newton Arvin, who was a distinguished critic and Smith College professor until he lost his job in 1960 after his homosexuality was publicly exposed.
Greater Manchester Open
The Greater Manchester Open was a professional golf tournament which was played annually from 1975 to 1981. It was a European Tour event from 1976. It was held at Wilmslow Golf Club in Wilmslow, Cheshire, just to the south of Manchester. Three of the six winners were from Ireland, and a fourth, Mark McNulty, became an Irish citizen many years later. In 1981 the prize fund was £40,000, which was the third smallest on the European Tour that season.

Mark McNulty
Mark William McNulty (born 24 March 1953) is a Rhodesian-born professional golfer who has represented Ireland for much of his career. He was one of the leading players on the European Tour from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, and featured in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 83 weeks from 1987 to 1992.
Stéphane E. Roy
Stéphane Emmanuel Roy (born 31 May 1968 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian actor, comedian and playwright. He was a member of the comedy group Les Bizarroïdes 1990–2000 with Ken Scott, Martin Petit, and Guy Lévesque.

In 2016, he directed a segment of the collective film 9 (9, le film), which was based on his own theatrical play 9 Variations on the Void (Neuf variations sur le vide). In 2025 he released Pédalo, a comedy-drama film again adapted from his own theatrical play which was his solo directorial debut.

9 (2016 film)
9 (French: 9, le film) is a 2016 Canadian comedy-drama film. Adapted from Stéphane E. Roy's theatrical play 9 Variations on the Void (Neuf variations sur le vide), the film is an anthology of nine short films by nine different film directors on the theme of communication difficulties, unified by the common narrative element of a conference on communication by self-help guru Marc Gélinas (played by Roy). Segments were directed by Roy, Claude Brie, Érik Canuel, Jean-Philippe Duval, Marc Labrèche, Micheline Lanctôt, Luc Picard, Éric Tessier and Ricardo Trogi.
Tying the Knot with an Amagami Sister
Tying the Knot with an Amagami Sister (Japanese: 甘神さんちの縁結び, Hepburn: Amagami-san Chi no Enmusubi; lit. 'Matchmaking of the Amagami Household') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Marcey Naito. It was originally published as a one-shot in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine in December 2020, before serialized in the same magazine from April 2021 to August 2025. An anime television series adaptation produced by Drive aired from October 2024 to March 2025.

Shion Wakayama
Shion Wakayama (Japanese: 若山 詩音, Hepburn: Wakayama Shion; born February 10, 1998) is a Japanese voice actress affiliated with Himawari Theatre Group. She joined the group at the age of three and did acting in various television dramas. She later became a voice actress and was cast in her first lead role as Aoi Aioi in Her Blue Sky. Some of her other major roles include Yume Minami in SSSS.Dynazenon, Cosette Schneider/Destiny in Takt Op. Destiny, Takina Inoue in Lycoris Recoil,  Ai Mie in The Girl I Like Forgot Her Glasses, Ellen Joe in Zenless Zone Zero, Yunli in Honkai: Star Rail, Lemon Yakishio in Too Many Losing Heroines!, and Momo Ayase in Dandadan.
Kevtone
Kevtone (born Kevin Anthony Guess, December 30, 1964) is an American musician, percussionist, and songwriter from Seattle, Washington.  Performing live and in studio, his rhythm style may best be described as improvisational, melodic, progressive, and bluesy, reflecting influences from many genres of music.

He is perhaps best known for his work as the original drummer for the Santa Cruz, California, band Camper Van Beethoven, playing on all 17 tracks of their album Telephone Free Landslide Victory and many other tracks from various other Camper Van Beethoven releases.  He was also the principal drummer for Calm Down Juanita, World Entertainment War, Heaven On, Box O' Laffs, I Die Every Day, and he is currently the drummer for Fearporn.

World Entertainment War
World Entertainment War was an American funk rock band, formed in 1986. They recorded four records before disbanding in 1993, and then played reunion concerts in 2000 and 2001, and again in 2009.  The band describes itself as “a benevolent media virus programmed to prevent the entertainment criminals from stealing your imagination."
Robert H.P. Platz
Robert Hugo Philip Platz (born 16 August 1951) is a German classical composer.

Born in Baden-Baden, Platz studied music theory and composition (with Wolfgang Fortner), musicology (with Elmar Budde) and piano in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, between 1970 and 1973. He studied later with Karlheinz Stockhausen at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Cologne. In 1977 he took examinations in conducting (with Francis Travis) in Freiburg, and did a series of computer courses at IRCAM in 1980. Since 1990 he has been teaching composition at the Conservatorium Maastricht, Netherlands. Platz gives workshops and masterclasses in Poland, the Netherlands, Italy, Japan, and the United States, and he has taught at the Darmstädter Ferienkurse für Neue Musik.

Recordings of his music are published by Stradivarius, Neos, CPO, and Kairos.

Maastricht Academy of Music
The Maastricht Academy of Music, Dutch: Conservatorium Maastricht, located in the city of Maastricht, is one of nine music academies in the Netherlands. The academy is a faculty of the Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool Zuyd in Dutch) for the Bachelor programme and the "Zuid Nederlandse Hogeschool voor Muziek" for the Master programme, in co-operation with the Fontys Academy of Music and Performing Arts. The academy provides advanced vocational training.

The music academy collaborates with the two other art faculties of the Zuyd University: the Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts and the Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts and with the Faculty of Arts and Culture of Maastricht University.
Belle Harbor, Queens
Belle Harbor is a small residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens, located on the western half of the Rockaway Peninsula, the southernmost area of the borough. Belle Harbor commonly refers to the area from Beach 126th to Beach 141st Streets.

The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14. According to the 2010 United States census, the neighborhood, coupled with nearby Neponsit, had a population just over 5,400. Belle Harbor was the site of the 2001 crash of American Airlines Flight 587, which killed 265 people.

Queens Community Board 14
The Queens Community Board 14 is a local government in the New York City borough of Queens, encompassing the neighborhoods of Breezy Point, Belle Harbor, Neponsit, Arverne, Bayswater, Edgemere, Rockaway Park, Rockaway and Far Rockaway. It is bounded to the north by Brooklyn and Jamaica Bay, on the east by the Nassau County border, and to the south by the Atlantic Ocean.
Maria Baciu
Maria Baciu  (born 4 March 1942 in Todireni,  Botoșani) is a Romanian poet, professor, and literary critic. She also writes novels, for adults as well as children. In 2006, she received the 2005 award from the Writers' Union of Romania for children's literature. She teaches at the Liceul Pedagogic (Pedagogical High School) in Botoșani.

Botoșani
Botoșani (Romanian pronunciation: [botoˈʃanʲ] ⓘ) is the capital city of Botoșani County, in the northern part of Moldavia, Romania. Today, it is best known as the birthplace of many celebrated Romanians, including Mihai Eminescu, Nicolae Iorga and Grigore Antipa.
Haskoning
Haskoning, formerly known as Royal HaskoningDHV, is an international, non-listed engineering consultancy firm with headquarters in Amersfoort, Netherlands. It has offices in 30 countries, employing more than 6000 professionals worldwide.

Haskoning is active in aviation, buildings, energy, industry, infrastructure, maritime, rural and urban development, and water.

Amersfoort
Amersfoort (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːmərsfoːrt] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands. As of 31 January 2023, the municipality had a population of 160,902, making it the second-largest of the province and fifteenth-largest of the country. Amersfoort is also one of the largest Dutch railway junctions with its three stations—Amersfoort Centraal, Schothorst and Vathorst—due to its location on two of the Netherlands' main east to west and north to south railway lines. The city was used during the 1928 Summer Olympics as a venue for the modern pentathlon events. Amersfoort marked its 750th anniversary as a city in 2009.
Middle of Nowhere (album)
Middle of Nowhere is the debut studio album by American pop rock group Hanson, and the first to be released on a major label, which was PolyGram Records and Mercury Records. Released in 1997, it features slicker studio production compared to their previous indie efforts Boomerang and MMMBop. The band members were between the ages of 11 and 16 when it was released. "Yearbook", one of the album's more dramatic songs, was not performed live until the recording of Middle of Nowhere Acoustic on May 5, 2007.

Middle of Nowhere yielded five singles: "MMMBop", "Where's the Love", "I Will Come to You", "Weird", and "Thinking of You". "MMMBop" became a major hit, reaching number one in the United States and at least eleven other countries. The album earned Hanson three Grammy Award nominations, including Best New Artist and Record of the Year.

Where's the Love
"Where's the Love" is a song by American pop rock band Hanson. It was released on July 8, 1997, as the second single from the band's debut album, Middle of Nowhere (1997). Internationally, it was a successful follow-up to "MMMBop", reaching the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Finland, Hungary, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. In the United States, "Where's the Love" did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100 since it was not released physically (which was a rule at the time), but it peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart and number six on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40.
Macaulay's method
Macaulay's method (the double integration method) is a technique used in structural analysis to determine the deflection of Euler-Bernoulli beams.  Use of Macaulay's technique is very convenient for cases of discontinuous and/or discrete loading.  Typically partial uniformly distributed loads (u.d.l.) and uniformly varying loads (u.v.l.) over the span and a number of concentrated loads are conveniently handled using this technique.

The first English language description of the method was by Macaulay.  The actual approach appears to have been developed by Clebsch in 1862.  Macaulay's method has been generalized for Euler-Bernoulli beams with axial compression, to Timoshenko beams, to elastic foundations, and to problems in which the bending and shear stiffness changes discontinuously in a beam.

Macaulay brackets
Macaulay brackets are a notation used to describe the ramp function

A popular alternative transcription uses angle brackets, viz. . 
Another commonly used notation is + or + for the positive part of , which avoids conflicts with  for set notation.
The Company Man (novel)
The Company Man (ISBN 978-0-316-05470-6) is a novel written by Robert Jackson Bennett and published by Orbit Books (now owned by Hachette Book Group) on 11 April 2011 which later went on to win the Edgar Award for Best Paperback Original in 2012.

Robert Jackson Bennett
Robert Jackson Bennett (born June 22, 1984) is an American writer of speculative fiction. His fantasy novel The Tainted Cup won the 2025 Hugo Award for Best Novel and the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel.
Mike Shaw
Michael Paul Shaw (May 9, 1957 – September 11, 2010) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for his stint in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as Norman the Lunatic, and as Bastion Booger in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE).

The Bushwhackers
The Bushwhackers were a professional wrestling tag team who competed first as the New Zealand Kiwis and then as The Sheepherders during their 36-year career as a tag team. They wrestled in the World Wrestling Federation, Jim Crockett Promotions, and on the independent territorial wrestling circuits. The Bushwhackers consisted of Butch Miller and Luke Williams while the Sheepherders also included Jonathan Boyd and Rip Morgan as members at times. Williams and Miller were inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2015, and the Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020.