hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator
J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator is a collection of paintings (mostly watercolour) and drawings by J. R. R. Tolkien for his stories, published posthumously in 1995. The book was edited by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull. It won the 1996 Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies. The nature and importance of Tolkien's artwork is discussed.

Christina Scull
Christina Scull (born 6 March 1942 in Bristol, England) is a British researcher and writer best known for her books about the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, in collaboration with her husband Wayne G. Hammond who is also a Tolkien scholar. They have jointly won Mythopoeic Scholarship Awards for Inklings Studies five times.
Helin
Helin is a lake which lies in Vang Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The southeastern shore of the lake forms the municipal border with neighboring Vestre Slidre Municipality. The lake is regulated for power production by the nearby Åbjøra hydroelectric power station.

Helin has an area of 9.47 square kilometres (3.66 sq mi) and its circumference is about 27 kilometres (17 mi). It is located at an elevation of 870 metres (2,850 ft) above sea level and it has a volume of 18,600,000 cubic metres (15,100 acre⋅ft). In 1930, a 35-square-kilometre (14 sq mi) area between the lakes Helin and Syndin (to the northeast) was recognized as a botanical plant park.

Vestre Slidre Municipality
Vestre Slidre is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Valdres. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Slidre. Other villages in the municipality include Lomen and Røn.

The 457-square-kilometre (176 sq mi) municipality is the 219th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vestre Slidre Municipality is the 275th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,142. The municipality's population density is 4.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (12/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.4% over the previous 10-year period.
The Abbott and Costello Show (radio program)
The Abbott and Costello Show is a comedy program from the era of old-time radio in the United States. It was broadcast first on NBC and later on ABC, beginning on July 3, 1940 and ending on June 9, 1949.

Lou Costello
Louis Francis Cristillo (March 6, 1906 – March 3, 1959), better known as Lou Costello, was an American comedian, actor and producer. He was best known for his double act with Bud Abbott and their routine "Who's on First?".

Abbott and Costello, who teamed in burlesque in 1936, were among the most popular and highest-paid entertainers in the world during World War II. During a national tour in 1942, they sold $85 million in war bonds in 35 days. By 1955, their popularity waned from overexposure, and their film and television contracts lapsed. Their partnership ended in 1957, after which Costello made numerous solo appearances on TV and starred in one film.
Ashland, Montana
Ashland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rosebud County, Montana, United States. The population was 464 at the 2000 census. Ashland is immediately east of the boundary of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation and also along the Tongue River. It is the location of the St. Labre Indian Catholic High School, established in 1884 as a boarding school by a Catholic mission to the Cheyenne.

The town was established in 1881 and called Straders after the first postmaster. The name was changed to Ashland in 1886.

Tongue River (Montana)
The Tongue River is a tributary of the Yellowstone River, approximately 265 mi (426 km) long, in the U.S. states of Wyoming and Montana. The Tongue rises in Wyoming in the Big Horn Mountains, flows generally northeast through northern Wyoming and southeastern Montana, and empties into the Yellowstone River at Miles City, Montana. Most of the course of the river is through the beautiful and varied landscapes of eastern Montana, including the Tongue River Canyon, the Tongue River breaks, the pine hills of southern Montana, and the buttes and grasslands that were formerly the home of vast migratory herds of American bison.

The Tongue River watershed encompasses parts of the Cheyenne and Crow Reservations in Montana. The headwaters lie on the Bighorn National Forest in Wyoming, and the watershed encompasses the Ashland Ranger District of the Custer National Forest. The river's name corresponds to Cheyenne /vetanoveo'he/, where /vetanove/ means "tongue" and /o'he'e/ means "river".
Grey wren
The grey wren (Cantorchilus griseus) is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to the southwestern part of Amazonas state in Brazil. This small, poorly known wren somewhat resembles a house wren, but its upperparts are gray.

Wren
Wrens are a family, Troglodytidae, of small brown passerine birds. The family includes 96 species and is divided into 19 genera. All species are restricted to the New World except for the Eurasian wren that is widely distributed in the Old World. In Anglophone regions, the Eurasian wren is commonly known simply as the "wren", as it is the originator of the name. The name wren has been applied to other, unrelated birds, particularly the New Zealand wrens (Acanthisittidae) and the Australian wrens (Maluridae).

Most wrens are visually inconspicuous though they have loud and often complex songs. Exceptions include the relatively large members of the genus Campylorhynchus, which can be quite bold in their behaviour. Wrens have short wings that are barred in most species, and they often hold their tails upright. Wrens are primarily insectivorous, eating insects, spiders and other small invertebrates, but many species also eat vegetable matter and some eat small frogs and lizards.
Empel-Rees–Münster railway
The Empel-Rees–Münster railway is a German regional railway that formerly connected Empel-Rees, Bocholt, Borken and Coesfeld with Münster. Today, only the eastern part of the line from Coesfeld/Lutum to Münster (Baumberge railway) as well as a freight track in Bocholt are in use.

Baumberge
The Baumberge (German pronunciation: [baʊmˈbɛʁɡə]) are the highest hills in the natural regions of Münsterland and Kernmünsterland with a maximum height of 187.6 m above sea level (NHN). They are located between Münster and Coesfeld, which is itself close to the southwest edge of the Baumberge.

The hilly terrain has several geological, hydrographic and architectural features.
Karamata's inequality
In mathematics, Karamata's inequality, named after Jovan Karamata, also known as the majorization inequality, is a theorem in elementary algebra for convex and concave real-valued functions, defined on an interval of the real line. It generalizes the discrete form of Jensen's inequality, and generalizes in turn to the concept of Schur-convex functions.

Jovan Karamata
Jovan Karamata (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Карамата; February 1, 1902 – August 14, 1967) was a Serbian mathematician and university professor. He is remembered for contributions to analysis, in particular, the Tauberian theory and the theory of regularly varying functions. Considered to be among the most influential Serbian mathematicians of the 20th century, Karamata was one of the founders of the Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, established in 1946.
Craig McNamara
Robert Craig McNamara (born 1950) is an American farmer and activist. He is president and owner of Sierra Orchards. McNamara founded and is president of the Center for Land-Based Learning. He has written a memoir of his life with his father, defense secretary Robert McNamara: Because Our Fathers Lied: A Memoir of Truth and Family, from Vietnam to Today.

Winters, California
Winters is a city in rural Yolo County, and the western Sacramento Valley, in northern California, United States.

Winters has a 2024 population of 7,860. Winters is currently growing at a rate of 2.16% annually and its population has increased by 9.24% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 7,195 in 2020.

The average household income in Winters is $148,333 with a poverty rate of 6.55%. The median age in Winters is 37.9 years: 38.1 years for males, and 37.9 years for females.
Hunter High School, East Kilbride
Hunter High School was a non-denominational secondary school which served the Calderwood, East Mains and parts of the St Leonards and Stewartfield areas of the new town of East Kilbride from 1963 to 2007.  The school started as a four-year Secondary school and was extended in 1966 prior to amalgamation with the old East Kilbride Village school to form a full six-year Comprehensive.  In 2008, it merged with Claremont High School to form the new Calderglen High School.

St Leonards, East Kilbride
St Leonards is an area of the Scottish new town East Kilbride, in South Lanarkshire.

St Leonards is a residential area on the east side of the town. The majority of the area's streets are named after Glens, Islands, Rivers and Lochs from Scotland, for instance: Loch Shin, Loch Assynt, Glen Carron, Glen Tanner, Inch Murrin, Benbecula and Skye. About 39 streets are named after Glens of Scotland, 20 after Scottish Islands, 12 after Lochs and 7 after Scottish Rivers. St Leonards is well known for its red brick terraced houses in the Calderglen area, which can be seen from St Leonards Road approaching High Common Road.
Anton Marxer
Anton Marxer (born 11 May 1880 in Saverne) was a German veterinarian, chemist and bacteriologist. He succeeded Hans Aronson as director of the Department of Bacteriology at the pharmaceutical company Schering AG in 1909.

He studied veterinary medicine at the veterinary colleges of Munich, Stuttgart and Berlin, and obtained a doctoral degree in veterinary medicine (Dr.med.vet.). He also attended the Technical University of Munich, the University of Berlin and the University of Strasbourg.

Department of Medical Microbiology (Schering AG)
The Department of Medical Microbiology (German: Abteilung für Medizinische Mikrobiologie), formerly known as the Department of Bacteriology (German: Bakteriologische Abteilung) or the Institute of Bacteriology (German: Bakteriologisches Institut), was a research department of the pharmaceutical company Schering AG.
Buster & Chauncey's Silent Night
Buster & Chauncey's Silent Night is a 1998 American direct-to-video animated feature film, inspired by the tale of the creation of the Christmas carol "Silent Night". It was directed and produced by Buzz Potamkin and stars the voices of Phil Hartman, Jim Cummings, Marie Osmond, Tom Arnold and Lea Michele in her film debut, and the songs were written by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty. Buster & Chauncey's Silent Night marks the final film role of Hartman, who was murdered by his wife five months before the film's release.

Stephen Flaherty
Stephen Flaherty (born September 18, 1960) is an American composer of musical theatre and film. He works most often in collaboration with the lyricist/book writer Lynn Ahrens. They are best known for writing the Broadway musicals Ragtime, which was nominated for thirteen Tony Awards, two Grammy Awards, and won the Tony for Best Original Score; Once on This Island, which won the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical, the Olivier Award for London's Best Musical, and was nominated for a Grammy Award and eight Tony Awards; and Seussical, which was nominated for the Grammy Award. Flaherty was also nominated for two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards (with Lynn Ahrens) for his songs and song score for the animated film musical Anastasia.
Rail Ka Dibba
Rail Ka Dibba (transl. "Train compartment") is a 1953 romantic drama Indian film directed by Prem Narayan Arora and starring Shammi Kapoor, Madhubala in lead roles.

The film was Shammi Kapoor's second release after Jeewan Jyoti (1953).

Sajjan (actor)
Sajjan (15 January 1921 – 17 May 2000) was a Bollywood and stage actor. He acted in several plays and movies from the 1950s to the 1980s. His best known films are Bees Saal Baad, Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi, April Fool, Rail Ka Dibba, Johny Mera Naam and Jhumroo.
Recognition justice
Recognition justice is a theory of social justice that emphasizes the recognition of human dignity and of difference between subaltern groups and the dominant society. Social philosophers Axel Honneth and Nancy Fraser point to a 21st-century shift in theories of justice away from distributive justice (which emphasises the elimination of economic inequalities) toward recognition justice and the eliminating of humiliation and disrespect. The shift is associated with the rise of identity politics.

The political implications of recognition justice are more ambiguous than distributive justice, because recognition is not a resource then can be redistributed, but is rather a phenomenological experience of people and groups. Honneth takes up the Hegelian idea that subjectivity is only fully constituted through intersubjective relationships, structured in different spheres of recognition—love, rights, and solidarity.

Axel Honneth
Axel Honneth (/ˈhɒnɛt/; German: [ˈaksl̩ ˈhɔnɛt]; born 18 July 1949) is a German philosopher who is the Professor for Social Philosophy at Goethe University Frankfurt and the Jack B. Weinstein Professor of the Humanities in the department of philosophy at Columbia University. He was also director of the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute for Social Research) in Frankfurt am Main, Germany between 2001 and 2018.
St Patrick's Rugby Club
St Patrick's Rugby Club, also known as St Pats, is a rugby union club based in Strathfield, New South Wales.  The club, formerly known as St Patrick's Old Boys, currently field six teams in the second division of the NSW Suburban competition, known as "Subbies".  St Pats was formed in 1964 and since their elevation to first division had not been relegated until 2017. The club was formed by ex-students of St Patrick's College, Strathfield but now has members from various backgrounds including a number of international players.

New South Wales Suburban Rugby Union
The New South Wales Suburban Rugby Union, or NSWSRU, is affiliated to the New South Wales Rugby Union and runs the competition affectionately known as "Subbies" rugby.

There are around 7,500 players and 55 clubs competing across 6 divisions, making "Subbies" the largest centrally administered rugby competition in the world.
The major trophy in "Subbies" is the Kentwell Cup that is awarded to the first grade premiers of the first division competition. The NSWSRU selects representative sides to compete against New South Wales Country for the Maher-Ross Cup, and Queensland Suburban for the Barraclough Shield.
Warwick Farm railway station
Warwick Farm railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Main Southern line, serving the Sydney suburb of Warwick Farm. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Leppington & Inner West Line, T3 Liverpool & Inner West Line and T5 Cumberland Line services.

Leppington & Inner West Line
The T2 Leppington & Inner West Line is a suburban rail service operated by Sydney Trains, serving the inner west and south-western suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The service commences from the City Circle, heading west to Granville where the line branches; services either head northwest to Parramatta or south to Leppington. A third terminus at Homebush is also used when the part-time Parramatta branch is not operating.

Since 2013 the line has been numbered T2 and is coloured light blue on maps and wayfinding information.

In March 2025, the federal minister for infrastructure, transport, regional development and local government Catherine King announced that a business case for upgrading the T2 Leppington & Inner West Line would be developed.
Masatoshi Nagase
Masatoshi Nagase (永瀬 正敏, Nagase Masatoshi; born July 15, 1966) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is best known in the West for his roles in Friðrik Þór Friðriksson's Cold Fever and Jim Jarmusch's Mystery Train.

Nagase was described by Todd Brown of Twitch Film as "one of the great unsung heroes of Japanese film, a hugely reliable character actor with seemingly unerring taste in projects who - despite a huge body of work - remains largely unknown by name."

The Hidden Blade
The Hidden Blade (隠し剣 鬼の爪, Kakushi ken: Oni no tsume; literally "Hidden Blade: Oni's Claw") is a 2004 film set in 1860s Japan, directed by Yoji Yamada. The plot revolves around several samurai during a time of change in the ruling and class structures of Japan. The film was written by Yamada with Yoshitaka Asama and, like its predecessor The Twilight Samurai (2002), based on a short story by Shūhei Fujisawa. The soundtrack is an original composition by Isao Tomita.
Lost in Florence
Lost in Florence (previously titled The Tourist) is a 2017 romantic drama film written and directed by Evan Oppenheimer. It stars Brett Dalton, Alessandra Mastronardi, Alessandro Preziosi and Stana Katic.

The sport featured in the film is Calcio Fiorentino, an ancient form of soccer traditionally played in Florence since the sixteenth century.

Calcio storico fiorentino
Calcio storico fiorentino, also known as calcio storico or calcio in livrea, is an early form of football that originated during the Middle Ages in Italy and is still played in Florence. Once widely played, the sport is thought to have started in the Piazza Santa Croce in Florence. There it became known as the giuoco del calcio fiorentino or simply calcio, which is now also the name for association football in the Italian language. The game may have started as a revival of the Roman sport of harpastum.

It is organised during the celebrations of St. John the Baptist, with the final held annually on 24 June, the saint's feast day.
Nam-ı Kemal jokes
Nam-ı Kemal jokes (Turkish: Nâm-ı Kemâl fıkraları) are a variety of dirty jokes in Turkish folk literature that originated during the Ottoman era.  In the archaic Ottoman Turkish language, the phrase nam-ı Kemal means "[a man] named Kemal", i.e. a generic and unconventionally humorous everyman. However, due to the phrase's vocal similarity with the name of one of the foremost figures in Turkish literature, the poet and playwright Namık Kemal (1840–1888), the jokes underwent an evolution. With the growing obscurity of Ottoman terms among most speakers of modern Turkish, "nam-ı Kemal jokes" became, more often than not, "Namık Kemal jokes", an example of a mondegreen. The obscenity of the "nam-ı Kemal jokes" tradition is based mainly on phallic exaggerations.

Namık Kemal
Namık Kemal (Ottoman Turkish: نامق كمال, romanized: Nâmıḳ Kemâl, pronounced [ˈnaː.mɯk ce.ˈmal]; Turkish: Namık Kemal; 21 December 1840 – 2 December 1888) was an Ottoman writer, poet, democrat, intellectual, reformer, journalist, playwright, and political activist who was influential in the formation of the Young Ottomans and their struggle for governmental reform in the Ottoman Empire during the late Tanzimat period, which led to the First Constitutional Era in the Empire in 1876. Kemal championed notions of freedom and fatherland in his plays and poems, and his works had a significant impact on the establishment of and future reform movements in Turkey, as well as other former Ottoman territories. He is often regarded as being instrumental in redefining Western concepts like natural rights and constitutional government.
Attitudes (Lorie album)
Attitudes is Lorie's third studio album, and her fourth album overall. It has a self-admitted rockier sound than the singer's first two records and was released on 19 January 2004 in two versions: a regular, jewel case release and a limited edition digipak also containing a DVD and six stickers featuring the best-selling singing star. The album sold more than 350,000 in Europe alone.

Lorie (singer)
Laure Monique Pester (born 2 May 1982), known professionally as Lorie, is a French pop singer. She has sold over 8 million albums and singles worldwide as of December 2007. Her first studio album Près de toi was certified triple platinum in France and she followed it with five other certified albums.

Lorie is also an actress, who lent her voice for many French versions of international movies including Stuart Little 2. She stars in the TF1 TV film De feu et de glace, and guest-starred as a Parisian model on the American soap opera The Young and the Restless. She has also launched a clothing line, "Lorie", only found in the Z stores in France. Her contract with Z ended in early 2009.
Saint John North
Saint John North was a provincial electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada. It was created from the multi-member riding of Saint John Centre in the 1973 electoral redistribution, and was abolished in the 1994 electoral redistribution.

1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution
The 1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution was the most radical redistribution of electoral districts in the history of New Brunswick, Canada.  Under this redistribution, New Brunswick changed from a mixture of multi-member districts and single-member districts to a scheme of only single-member districts, from bloc voting electoral system to first past the post.

As the number of members per district had been re-evaluated as recently as 1967, the number of members was not changed, and multi-member districts were simply subdivided to form single-member districts.

Prior to the redistribution, New Brunswick had had the longest and deepest experience of multi-member districts of any province in Canada. The Block voting system in use though denied voters the proportional representation that they might otherwise have enjoyed.
Throat Song
Throat Song is a 2011 Canadian short drama film directed by Miranda de Pencier. The film stars Ippiksaut Friesen as Ippik, an Inuk woman in Nunavut who is trapped in an abusive relationship, and begins to heal her spirit and find her own voice after taking a job as a witness assistant for the government's justice department, aiding other victims of domestic violence.

The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival.

2011 Toronto International Film Festival
The 36th annual Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between September 8 and September 18, 2011.
Buenos Aires, Argentina was selected to be showcased for the 2011 City to City programme. The opening film was From the Sky Down, a documentary film about the band U2, directed by Davis Guggenheim. Considerable media attention at the time focused on Madonna's behaviour during the festival.
Strong House (Vassar College)
Strong House (originally Strong Hall) is a dormitory at Vassar College named after Bessie Rockefeller Strong, the oldest daughter of oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller, who was largely responsible for funding the building's construction. It used to be the only all female dormitory remaining after Vassar went coeducational in 1969. However, Strong House currently identifies as a gender inclusive dorm. The building was designed by Francis R. Allen and was completed in 1893.

It is located at Vassar College, in Poughkeepsie, New York.

Elizabeth Rockefeller Strong
Elizabeth "Bessie" Rockefeller (August 23, 1866 – November 14, 1906) was the eldest child of Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller (1839–1937) and school teacher Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman (1839–1915).
Folco Portinari
Folco Portinari (died 31 December 1289) was an Italian banker and several times the prior of Florence. He was the father of Beatrice Portinari, the woman largely identified as the character loved by Dante Alighieri and mentioned in his works.

Portinari was born at Portico di Romagna, near Forlì. He donated a large part of his assets to found the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence in 1288. His residence in Florence was the future Palazzo Portinari-Salviati. He was buried in the nearby church of Santa Margherita de' Cerchi.

Portico e San Benedetto
Portico e San Benedetto (Romagnol: Pôrtic e San Bandét) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Forlì-Cesena, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Bologna.

It is formed by three main distinct settlements:

Portico di Romagna, 36 kilometres (22 mi) from Forlì

San Benedetto in Alpe, 48 kilometres (30 mi) from Forlì

Bocconi, midway the two former localities