hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Comune
A comune (pronounced [koˈmuːne]; pl.: comuni, pronounced [koˈmuːni]) is an administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions (regioni) and provinces (province). The comune can also have the title of città (lit. 'city').

Formed praeter legem according to the principles consolidated in medieval municipalities, the comune is provided for by article 114 of the Constitution of Italy. It can be divided into frazioni, which in turn may have limited power due to special elective assemblies.

In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a comune is officially called a commune in French.

Euboea
Euboea (/juːˈbiːə/ yoo-BEE-ə; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, romanized: Eúboia, IPA: [ěu̯boi̯a]), also known as Evia (/ˈɛviə/ EV-ee-ə; Modern Greek: Εύβοια, IPA: [ˈevi.a]), is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only 40 m (130 ft) at its narrowest point), the North Euboean Gulf, and the South Euboean Gulf. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about 180 km (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 km (31 mi) to 6 km (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboia in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

It forms most of the regional unit of Euboea, which also includes Skyros and a small area of the Greek mainland.
Angela Vint
Angela Vint is a Canadian actress. She is most noted for her television role as Ziggy McLeod in Traders, for which she was a Gemini Award nominee for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Program or Series at the 15th Gemini Awards in 2000.

Traders (TV series)
Traders is a Canadian television drama series, which was broadcast on Global Television Network from 1996 to 2000 and CBC Television from 1997 to 1998. The series centred on the employees of Gardner Ross, an investment bank in the Bay Street financial district of Toronto, Ontario.
The Trap Snaps Shut at Midnight
The Trap Snaps Shut at Midnight (German: Um Null Uhr schnappt die Falle zu) is a 1966 West German thriller film directed by Harald Philipp and starring George Nader, Horst Frank and Heinz Weiss. It is the fourth film in the Jerry Cotton series.

Jerry Cotton
Jerry Cotton is the title character of a series of German-language pulp crime novels. The novels have been penned by many different writers in German-speaking countries and in Finland through eight decades of publication.
Mariano Vargas
Mariano Vargas Quintanilla (1823-1916) was a Peruvian Colonel of the War of the Pacific. He was one of the main commanders during the Lima campaign and was known for his leadership during the Battle of La Rinconada de Ate.

Lima campaign
The Lima campaign was the third land campaign of the War of the Pacific, carried out by Chile between December 1880 and January 1881. The campaign ended with the Chilean occupation of the Peruvian capital and the establishment of the Chilean authority there and in other surrounding territories, which would extend until 1883, with the end of the war.
Diego Tlilpotonqui
Don Diego Tlilpotonqui was the tlatoani ('ruler' or 'king') of the pre-Columbian Acolhua altepetl (ethnic state) of Tepetlaoztoc in the Valley of Mexico. He was ruling Tepetlaoztoc when the Spanish arrived in 1519.

Tlilpotonqui was the grandson of Cocopin, who had previously been ruler of Tepetlaoztoc. Upon Cocopin's death, his wife Azcasuch, a daughter of Nezahualcoyotl, the ruler of Texcoco, succeeded him as cihuatlatoani (queen regnant). After Azcasuch's death, the position became Tlilpotonqui's.

With his conversion to Christianity, Tlilpotonqui was baptized and given the Spanish name Diego.

Tlilpotonqui left no legitimate children. Upon his death, his nephew Don Luis de Tejada became tlatoani.

Azcasuch
Azcaxochitl, or Azcasuch (Classical Nahuatl: Āzcaxōch [aːsˈkaʃoːtʃ]) was a cihuatlatoani (queen) of the pre-Columbian Acolhua altepetl of Tepetlaoztoc in the Valley of Mexico. Her name is Nahuatl for a kind of a flower (literally "ant-flower").

She is believed to have been a daughter of Nezahualcoyotl, ruler of Texoco.  Azcasuch married Cocopin, the ruler of Tepetlaoztoc, c. 1431. After her husband's death, she ascended to the throne herself as queen regnant. She reigned in 1489–1498.

Azcasuch was succeeded by her grandson, Diego Tlilpotonqui.
Linden Oak
The Linden Oak was a large white oak tree in North Bethesda, Maryland, beside the junction of Rockville Pike and Rock Creek Park's Beach Drive.

Believed to have been seeded around 1718, the white oak was among the country's oldest. It was 97 feet (30 m) with a crown spread of 132 feet (40 m) when measured by the Maryland Big Tree Program in February 2008. The tree died in 2022 and was removed in July 2023.

Quercus alba
Quercus alba, the white oak, is one of the preeminent hardwoods of eastern and central North America. It is a long-lived oak, native to eastern and central North America and found from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and southern Maine south as far as northern Florida and eastern Texas. Specimens have been documented to be over 450 years old.

Although called a white oak, it is very unusual to find an individual specimen with white bark; the usual colour is a light gray. The name comes from the colour of the undersides of the leaves. In the forest it can reach a magnificent height and in the open it develops into a massive broad-topped tree with large branches striking out at wide angles.
Pontifical Council for Culture
The Pontifical Council for Culture (Latin: Pontificium Consilium de Cultura) was a dicastery of the Roman Curia charged with fostering the relationship of the Catholic Church with different cultures. It was erected by Pope John Paul II on 20 May 1982, in 1993 he merged the Pontifical Council for Dialogue with Non-Believers, which had operated independently since 1965 into it and in 2012 Pope Benedict XVI incorporated the Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church (erected in 1988, but heir of the Pontifical Commission for religious art, created in 1924) into it. When the Apostolic constitution Praedicate evangelium promulgated by Pope Francis took effect on 5 June 2022, the Pontifical Council for Culture was merged with the Congregation for Catholic Education to create the new Dicastery for Culture and Education.

Dicastery for Culture and Education
The Dicastery for Culture and Education is an administrative unit of the Roman Curia. It began operations on 5 June 2022 as established by the apostolic constitution Praedicate evangelium promulgated on 19 March 2022. It was formed through the merger of two earlier bodies, the  Pontifical Council for Culture and the Congregation for Catholic Education.

At the time of the merger, each of these bodies was headed by a cardinal of retirement age: Gianfranco Ravasi as president of the Council for Culture and Giuseppe Versaldi as prefect of the Congregation for Education. Speculation that the new dicastery would be led by someone else, possibly even a lay person, proved partly correct when Cardinal José Tolentino de Mendonça was named prefect of the new dicastery in September 2022.
Navajo City, New Mexico
36°45′07″N 107°36′08″W﻿ / ﻿36.75194°N 107.60222°W﻿ / 36.75194; -107.60222
Navajo City is an unincorporated community in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States, just north and east, of the Navajo Nation in the northwestern part of the state.

Housing for workers was set up during the construction of Navajo Dam in the early 1960s at the junction of the Los Pinos and the San Juan Rivers. At the intersection of U.S. Route 64 and New Mexico State Road 539 the settlement is on the south side of Martinez Mesa to the south of the lake. Today there is little left and economic activity has shifted to the community of Navajo Dam, in San Juan County.

U.S. Route 64 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 64 (US 64) is a U.S. Numbered Highway that runs from the Four Corners area in Arizona to the east coast of North Carolina. In Arizona, the highway starts at U.S. Route 160 (US 160) heading southeast for 4.5 miles (7.2 km) before entering New Mexico near the town of Beclabito. Through New Mexico the highway passes through Shiprock, Bloomfield, Tierra Amarilla and Taos, sharing a short concurrency with I-25 near Raton, before heading east through Clayton to the Oklahoma state line.
Croton Water Filtration Plant
The Croton Water Filtration Plant is a drinking water treatment facility in the Bronx, New York City, which began operation in 2015. The plant construction cost was over $3 billion, Part of the New York City water supply system, the facility was built 160 feet (49 m) under Mosholu Golf Course in Van Cortlandt Park.

Mosholu Golf Course
Mosholu Golf Course is a public, nine-hole golf course at Van Cortlandt Park in the Woodlawn neighborhood of The Bronx, New York, US. It is one of New York City's municipal courses and located adjacent to the Woodlawn station on the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (served by the New York City Subway's 4 train). The course was built in 1914 and also features a driving range and putting green which also function as a water treatment plant.

It was originally designed as an eighteen-hole course, but is now nine due to road construction in the neighborhood.
Norwalk Agreement
Norwalk Agreement refers to a Memorandum of Understanding signed in September 2002 between the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the US standard setter, and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The agreement is so called as it was reached in Norwalk.

The Agreement was a significant step towards the US formalising its commitment to the convergence of US GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards.

In the Press Release that announced the Agreement, Robert H. Herz, chairman of the FASB commented  “The FASB is committed to working toward the goal of producing high quality reporting standards worldwide to support healthy global capital markets”.

The Agreement set out a number of initiatives, including a move to eliminate minor differences between US and international standards, a decision to align the two Boards’ future work programmes and a commitment to work together on joint projects.

International Financial Reporting Standards
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are accounting standards issued by the IFRS Foundation and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). They constitute a standardised way of describing a company's financial performance and position so that company financial statements are understandable and comparable across international boundaries. They are particularly relevant for companies with publicly listed shares or securities.

IFRS have replaced many different national accounting standards around the world but have not replaced the separate accounting standards in the United States, where US GAAP is applied.
Ross Allen (politician)
Ross Leslie Allen QSO JP (4 November 1928 – 1 January 2019) was a New Zealand politician who served as the first chairman of Taranaki Regional Council from 1989 to 2001.

Allen was involved in local government for 27 years, beginning in 1974 when he was elected as a member of Taranaki County Council. From 1983 to 2001, he was successively elected chairman of the county council, the North Taranaki District Council (formed in 1986), and Taranaki Regional Council (formed in 1989). Following his retirement, he was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services in the 2001 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Allen was involved in both rugby and cricket in the 1960s and 1970s, having served as president of the Taranaki Rugby Referees’ Association in 1969, and as a cricket umpire in a number of first-class matches.

Allen died in New Plymouth on 1 January 2019.

2001 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 2001 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Queen Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 4 June 2001.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Bennet family
The Bennet family is a fictional family created by the English novelist Jane Austen in her 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice. The family consists of Mr and Mrs Bennet and their five daughters: Jane, Mary, Catherine, Lydia, and Elizabeth, who is the novel's protagonist.

The family belongs to the landed gentry of Hertfordshire in the Regency era of English history. The relationships between the Bennets influence the evolution of the plot as they navigate the difficulties faced by young women in attempting to secure a good future through marriage.

Bennet (surname)
Bennet is an English language surname and, less commonly, a given name. Alternative spellings include Bennett, Benett, Benet and Bennette.

Bennet is an Anglo-Norman English surname with Norman roots, from the medieval personal name Benedict (from the Latin Benedictus, 'blessed').  In the 12th century, it became a common given name throughout Europe due to the popularity of St Benedict (c. 480 – c. 543). The Latin form of the name was found in England, alongside versions derived from the Old French forms Beneit and Benoit, which was common among the Normans.
Siege of Mons (1709)
The siege of Mons took place between 19 September and 23 October 1709 during the War of the Spanish Succession. It saw a Franco-Spanish garrison in the fortified town of Mons, then in the Spanish Netherlands, besieged by a force of the Duke of Marlborough's Grand Alliance army under the command of the Prince of Orange.

The attempt of the French Duke of Villars to relieve the siege resulted in the costly Allied victory at the Battle of Malplaquet on 11 September 1709. Following the battle, greater numbers of Allied soldiers under Eugene of Savoy joined the besieging army from late September. The Franco-Spanish garrison capitulated the following month. Owing to high Allied and French losses at Malplaquet, the capture of Mons was the final significant engagement of the campaign of 1709.

John William Friso
John William Friso (Dutch: Johan Willem Friso; 14 August 1687 – 14 July 1711) became the (titular) Prince of Orange in 1702. He was the Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen in the Dutch Republic. He also served in the Dutch States Army during the War of the Spanish Succession until his death by accidental drowning in the Hollands Diep in 1711.
Ice Cold in Alex
Ice Cold in Alex is a 1958 British war film set during the Western Desert campaign of World War II based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Landon. Directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring John Mills, the film was a prizewinner at the 8th Berlin International Film Festival. Under the title Desert Attack, a shortened 79-minute version of the film was released in the United States in 1961. Film critic Craig Butler later referred to the shortened version as nonsensical.

John Mills
Sir John Mills CBE (born Lewis Ernest Watts Mills; 22 February 1908 – 23 April 2005) was an English actor who appeared in more than 120 films in a career spanning seven decades. He excelled on camera as an appealing British everyman who often portrayed guileless, wounded war heroes. In 1971, he received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Ryan's Daughter.

For his work in film, Mills was knighted by Elizabeth II in 1976. In 2002, he received a BAFTA Fellowship from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and was named a Disney Legend by The Walt Disney Company.
Cotlar–Stein lemma
The Cotlar–Stein almost orthogonality lemma is a mathematical lemma in the field of functional analysis. It may be used to obtain information on the operator norm on an operator, acting from one Hilbert space into another, when the operator can be decomposed into almost orthogonal pieces.

The original version of this lemma (for self-adjoint and mutually commuting operators) was proved by Mischa Cotlar in 1955 and allowed him to conclude that the Hilbert transform is a continuous linear operator in  without using the Fourier transform. A more general version was proved by Elias Stein.

Mischa Cotlar
Mischa  Cotlar (1913, Sarny, Russian Empire – January 16, 2007, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a mathematician who started his scientific career in Uruguay and worked most of his life on it in Argentina and Venezuela.

His contributions to mathematics are in the fields of harmonic analysis, ergodic theory and spectral theory.  He introduced the Cotlar–Stein lemma. He was the author or co-author of over 80 articles in refereed journals.

According to Alberto Calderón, Cotlar showed in 1955 "that theorems on singular integrals can be generalized and put in the framework of ergodic theory." According to Krause, Lacey, and Wierdl, Karl E. Petersen in 1983 published an "especially direct proof" of Cotlar's 1955 theorem.

In January 1994 in Caracas, an international conference was held in his honor.
Heptadecaphobia
Heptadecaphobia (Greek: δεκαεπτά dekaepta, "seventeen" and φόβος, phobos, "fear") is the fear of the number 17. It is considered to be ill-fated in Italy and other countries of Greek and Latin origins, while the date Friday the 17th is considered especially unfortunate in Italy. The number is feared due to superstition, and is similar in nature to the fear of the number 13 in Anglo-Saxon countries.

Triskaidekaphobia
Triskaidekaphobia (/ˌtrɪskaɪˌdɛkəˈfoʊbiə/ ⓘ TRIS-kye-DEK-ə-FOH-bee-ə, /ˌtrɪskə-/ TRIS-kə-; from Ancient Greek  τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaídeka) 'thirteen' and Ancient Greek  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is fear or avoidance of the number 13. It is also a reason for the fear of Friday the 13th, called paraskevidekatriaphobia (from Greek  Παρασκευή (paraskevi) 'Friday' Greek  δεκατρείς (dekatreís) 'thirteen' and Ancient Greek  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') or friggatriskaidekaphobia (from Old Norse  Frigg 'Frigg' and from Ancient Greek  τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaídeka) 'thirteen' and Ancient Greek  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear').

The term was used as early as in 1910 by Isador Coriat in Abnormal Psychology.
Sandra Reyes
Sandra Reyes Robledo (May 31, 1975 – December 1, 2024) was a Colombian actress who began her television career with the series Clase aparte, in 1994, playing María José. She then became known for her roles as Adriana Guerrero in La mujer del presidente in 1997, her lead role in the telenovela Pedro el escamoso  in 2001 as Paula Dávila, and her role as Amparo Cadena in the series El Cartel de los sapos in 2008. Reyes died from breast cancer on December 1, 2024, at the age of 49.

Pedro el escamoso
Pedro el Escamoso  is a Colombian telenovela created by Luis Felipe Salamanca and Dago García, that aired on Caracol Televisión from 2001 to 2003.

The telenovela follows Pedro, a tacky and overly confident but charming macho man who comes from a small town in Colombia. Fleeing a problem with "skirts," Pedro moves to the capital (Bogotá) to find his fortune and encounters a series of events and people that change his life dramatically. Pedro is the epitome of a man who can get all the women he wants, but can't get the one he loves. "Escamoso," a Colombian colloquialism for someone who thinks he's "all that".
Design closure
Design Closure is a part of the digital electronic design automation workflow by which an integrated circuit (i.e. VLSI) design is modified from its initial description to meet a growing list of design constraints and objectives.

Every step in the IC design (such as static timing analysis, placement, routing, and so on) is already complex and often forms its own field of study.  This article, however, looks at the overall design closure process, which takes a chip from its initial design state to the final form in which all of its design constraints are met.

Very-large-scale integration
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining millions or billions of MOS transistors onto a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when MOS integrated circuit (metal oxide semiconductor) chips were developed and then widely adopted, enabling complex semiconductor and telecommunications technologies. Microprocessors and memory chips are VLSI devices.

Before the introduction of VLSI technology, most ICs had a limited set of functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI enables IC designers to add all of these into one chip.
Yizhuang, Beijing
Yizhuang Area (simplified Chinese: 亦庄地区; traditional Chinese: 亦莊地區; pinyin: Yìzhuāng Dìqū) is an area and a town of Daxing District, in the southeast suburbs of Beijing, located just outside the 5th Ring Road. Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (BDA), the biggest economic and technical area is located here. There are a lot of high-tech research centers and joint ventures. As of 2020, It had a census population of 108,255.

5th Ring Road
Beijing's 5th Ring Road (simplified Chinese: 五环路; traditional Chinese: 五環路; pinyin: Wǔ Huán Lù) is a ring road encircling the city about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away from the city centre. It takes the form of an expressway and is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length. Being a ring road, it has no natural start or end point, although the "0 km" mark is near the northeastern stretch at Laiguangying, at the intersection with the Jingcheng Expressway. The expressway ring road is a provincial-level road in Beijing municipality.

All of Beijing's expressways, except for the Tongyan Expressway, are interlinked with the 5th Ring Road.

Portions of the expressway have a maximum speed limit of 90 km/h, with the remainder imposing a speed limit of 100 km/h. There is a universal minimum speed limit of 50 km/h.

The 5th Ring Road has three lanes in each direction, for a total of six lanes.
Granton Trawler
Granton Trawler was one of the only films that John Grierson directed himself for the Empire Marketing Board/GPO Film Unit. The documentary style film was made in 1934, and was noted for its experimental use of sound without voice over.

John Grierson
John Grierson CBE (26 April 1898 – 19 February 1972) was a Scottish filmmaker, film theorist, and critic, often considered the father of British and Canadian documentary film. In 1926, Grierson coined the term "documentary" in a review of Robert J. Flaherty's Moana. In 1939, Grierson established the all-time Canadian film institutional production and distribution company The National Film Board of Canada controlled by the Government of Canada.
Who Will Survive, and What Will Be Left of Them?
Who Will Survive, and What Will Be Left of Them? is the second full-length release by indie rock band Murder by Death. It was released on Eyeball Records in 2003. Its title is a reference to the tagline of the 1974 film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.

Murder by Death (band)
Murder by Death is an American six-piece indie rock band from Bloomington, Indiana. Their name is derived from the 1976 Robert Moore film of the same name.

Murder by Death released its first studio album (Like the Exorcist, but More Breakdancing) in 2002, and has since released eight more studio albums. The band's final lineup consisted of two founding members, Adam Turla and Sarah Balliet. Balliet played cello for the band, an instrument that has been present consistently throughout the band's evolution. Murder by Death's 2012 album Bitter Drink, Bitter Moon reached #76 on the Billboard 200, making it the band's most successful release.