hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CSS Virginia
CSS Virginia was the first steam-powered ironclad warship built by the Confederate States Navy during the first year of the American Civil War. She was constructed as a casemate ironclad using the razéed (cut down) original lower hull and engines of the scuttled steam frigate USS Merrimack. Virginia was one of the participants in the Battle of Hampton Roads, opposing the Union's USS Monitor in March 1862. The battle is chiefly significant in naval history as the first battle between ironclads.

Casemate ironclad
The casemate ironclad was a type of iron or iron-armored gunboat briefly used in the American Civil War by both the Confederate States Navy and the Union Navy.  Unlike a monitor-type ironclad which carried its armament encased in a separate armored gun deck/turret, the casemate design exhibited a single (often sloped) structure, or armored citadel, on the main deck housing the entire gun battery. As the guns were carried on the top of the ship yet still fired through fixed gunports, the casemate ironclad is seen as an intermediate stage between the traditional broadside frigate and modern warships.  The guns were protected, but had limited maneuverability and range of fire.
A Change of Climate
A Change of Climate is a novel by English author Hilary Mantel, first published in 1994 by Viking Books. At the time The Observer described it as the best book she had written. It was published in the United States in 1997 by Henry Holt and was recognised by The New York Times Book Review as one of the notable books of that year. The novel has also been identified as one of the best of the 1990s.

Hilary Mantel
Dame Hilary Mary Mantel DBE FRSL (/mænˈtɛl/ man-TEL; born Thompson; 6 July 1952 – 22 September 2022) was a British writer whose work includes historical fiction, personal memoirs and short stories. Her first published novel, Every Day Is Mother's Day, was released in 1985. She went on to write 12 novels, two collections of short stories, a memoir, and numerous articles and opinion pieces.

Mantel won the Booker Prize twice: the first was for her 2009 novel Wolf Hall, a fictional account of Thomas Cromwell's rise to power in the court of Henry VIII, and the second was for its 2012 sequel Bring Up the Bodies. The third installment of the Cromwell trilogy, The Mirror & the Light, was longlisted for the same prize. The trilogy has gone on to sell more than 5 million copies.
Toyota K platform
The Toyota K platform, informally known as the Toyota Camry platform, is a front-wheel-drive automobile platform (also adaptable to four-wheel-drive) that has underpinned various Toyota and Lexus models from the mid-size category upwards since September 1999, starting with the Avalon (XX20).   Besides the Camry, the K platform was used on minivans, crossovers and luxury sedans.  This platform was larger than the front-wheel-drive MC and New MC platforms, but less upscale than the N and New N platforms designed for rear-wheel drive luxury applications. Starting with the XV70 Toyota Camry (2017), the new K platform (TNGA-K) is part of the Toyota New Global Architecture (TNGA).

Toyota Venza
The Toyota Venza is a five-passenger mid-size crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Toyota primarily for the North American market, beginning with its introduction in 2008 and now in its second generation — with a hiatus for model years 2018–2020.

The first-generation Venza was based on the XV40 series Camry platform and marketed between 2008 and 2017 — and shared the platform with the AL10 series Lexus RX. The second-generation model is a rebadged Japanese-market XU80 series Harrier and has been sold since September 2020.

The name "Venza" is a mix of "Venture" and "Monza."
American Concerto
The American Concerto is a trumpet concerto written by the American composer Ellen Taaffe Zwilich. The work was commissioned by the California Center for the Arts, Escondido, the San Diego Symphony, the Virginia Symphony Orchestra, the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, and the trumpeter Doc Severinsen, to whom it is dedicated. The piece was completed in New York on June 12, 1994, and was given its world premiere by Doc Severinsen and the San Diego Symphony under the direction of JoAnn Falletta in Escondido, California, on September 24, 1994.

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (/teɪf ˈzwɪlɪk/ tayf ZWIL-ik; born April 30, 1939) is an American composer, the first female composer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Her early works are marked by atonal exploration, but by the late 1980s, she had shifted to a postmodernist, neoromantic style. She has been called "one of America's most frequently played and genuinely popular living composers." She was a 1994 inductee into the Florida Artists Hall of Fame. Zwilich has served as the Francis Eppes Distinguished Professor at Florida State University.
Rosie Carpe
Rosie Carpe is a 2001 novel by the French writer Marie NDiaye. It received the 2001 Prix Femina. It was originally published in France by Les Éditions de Minuit. The English translation by Tamsin Black was published in 2004 by the University of Nebraska Press.

Marie NDiaye
Marie NDiaye (born 4 June 1967) is a French novelist, playwright and screenwriter. She published her first novel, Quant au riche avenir, when she was 17. She won the Prix Goncourt in 2009. Her play Papa doit manger is the sole play by a living female writer to be part of the repertoire of the Comédie française. She co-wrote the screenplay for the 2022 legal drama Saint Omer alongside its director Alice Diop, and Amrita David. In September 2022, the film was selected as France's official selection for Best International Film at the 95th Academy Awards. The English translation of her novel The Witch, by Jordan Stump, was published in 2026 and longlisted for the International Booker Prize.
Hanyū Station
Hanyū Station (羽生駅, Hanyū-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station in located in the city of Hanyū, Saitama, Japan, jointly operated by the private railway operators Tōbu Railway and Chichibu Railway.

Hanyū, Saitama
Hanyū (羽生市, Hanyū-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 54,304 in 23,487 households and a population density of 930 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 58.64 square kilometres (22.64 sq mi).
William Hiesey
William McKinley Hiesey (August 21, 1903 – August 7, 1998) was an American botanist who specialized in ecological physiology. He was notable for his collaboration with Jens Clausen and David D. Keck at the Carnegie Institution of Washington Department of Plant Biology at Stanford University in the 1930s. In 1949, the three of them were co-recipients of the Mary Soper Pope Memorial Award in botany.

He was the father of Elaine Pagels, Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion at Princeton University and a scholar of Early Christianity.

His last book, Interspecific Hybrid Derivatives Between Facultatively Apomictic Species of Bluegrasses & Their Responses to Contrasting Environments, was published in 1982.

Elaine Pagels
Elaine Pagels, née Hiesey (born February 13, 1943), is an American historian of religion. She is the Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion Emeritus at Princeton University. Pagels has conducted extensive research into early Christianity and Gnosticism.

Her best-selling book The Gnostic Gospels (1979) examines the divisions in the early Christian church, and the way that women have been viewed throughout Jewish history and Christian history. Modern Library named it as one of the 100 best nonfiction books of the twentieth century (place 72).
Triei
Triei is a comune (municipality) of about 1,000 inhabitants in the province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Tortolì.

Triei borders the following municipalities: Baunei, Lotzorai, Talana, Urzulei.

Province of Ogliastra
The province of Ogliastra (Italian: provincia dell'Ogliastra, [proˈvintʃa delloʎˈʎastra], Sardinian: Provìntzia de Ogiastra) is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy. The province has two capitals; Lanusei and Tortolì. Ogliastra is the most mountainous province in Sardinia. With 53,984 inhabitants as of 2025, it is also the least populous province of Italy. The province has a population density of 29 inhabitants per square kilometer, also making it the least densely populated province of Italy.

It was established in 2005 from a section of the province of Nuoro, however it was disestablished 2016 Regional Decree and integrated back into the province of Nuoro, and then re-established on 1 May 2025 per a 2021 decree.
Plaza de toros de Acho
The Plaza de Toros de Acho is the premier bullring in Lima, Peru. Located beside the historical center of the Rímac District, the plaza is classified as a national historic monument. It is the oldest bullring in the Americas and the second-oldest in the world after La Maestranza in Spain (not counting the Roman Empire-era Arles Amphitheatre in France). It opened on 30 January 1766.

Of the 56 official bullrings in Peru, the Plaza de Acho ranks most prominently. It has a seating capacity of 13,700 and was constructed of adobe and wood, both traditional materials.

Bullring
A bullring is an arena where bullfighting is performed. Bullrings are often associated with the Iberian Peninsula, but they can also be found through Iberian America and in a few Spanish and Portuguese ex-colonies in Africa. Bullrings are often historic and culturally significant centres that bear many structural similarities to the Roman amphitheatre.
Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation
The Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of primarily Lower Chehalis and Upper Chehalis people located in Washington state. The tribe governs the Chehalis Reservation, which is located along the Chehalis and Black rivers in the vicinity of Oakville, Washington.

Chehalis River
The Chehalis River (/ʃəˈheɪlɪs/ ⓘ shə-HAY-liss)
is a river in Washington in the United States. It originates in several forks in southwestern Washington, flows east, then north, then west, in a large curve, before emptying into Grays Harbor, an estuary of the Pacific Ocean. The river is the largest solely contained drainage basin in the state.
Dice pool
In some role-playing game (RPG) systems, rather than rolling a single die to determine the success or failure of an action, the  player rolls a number of dice simultaneously, known as a dice pool. The number and type of dice to be rolled are defined by the mechanics of the game.

Cortex Plus
The Cortex Plus System is a toolkit RPG system that evolved from Margaret Weis Productions, Ltd's Cortex System. The system was the basis for the Firefly, Marvel, and Battlestar Galactica tabletop role playing games. Cortex was sold to Fandom in 2019.
Bossòst
Bossòst (Occitan pronunciation: [buˈsɔs]) is a small Pyrenean village and municipality located in western Aran Valley, province of Lleida, Catalonia, Northern Spain. It has a population of 1,141 (register office, 2024) . It is located in the terçon of Quate Lòcs.

Situated on the left bank of the river Garona, the village is bordered by the municipalities of Les, Vilamòs and Arres in Val d'Aran, as well as Bagnères-de-Luchon in France. The local football club, UE Bossòst, has the rare distinction of playing its regular matches in a foreign competition (it plays in the French minor leagues).

Garonne
The Garonne (/ɡəˈrɒn, ɡæˈrɒn/ gə-RON, garr-ON, French: [ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Spanish, Catalan, Basque and Occitan: Garona, Occitan pronunciation: [ɡaˈɾunɔ]; Latin: Garumna
or Garunna) is a river that flows in southwest France and northern Spain. It flows from the central Spanish Pyrenees to the Gironde estuary at the French port of Bordeaux – a length of 529 km (329 mi), of which 47 km (29 mi) is in Spain (Val d'Aran); the total length extends to 602 km (374 mi) if one includes the Gironde estuary between the river and the sea. Its basin area is 56,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi), which increases to 84,811 km2 (32,746 sq mi) if the  Dordogne River, which flows from the east and joins the Garonne at Bec d'Ambès to form the Gironde estuary, is included.

Umayyad and  Aquitanian forces fought the Battle of the River Garonne in 732 beside the river near present-day Bordeaux.
Disputed Passage
Disputed Passage is a 1939 American drama war film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Dorothy Lamour, Akim Tamiroff, John Howard, Judith Barrett and William Collier Sr. Set in war-torn China, the film was described by The New York Times as a "lavish soap opera". The film was based on the bestselling novel of the same name by Lloyd C. Douglas and was produced by Paramount Pictures.

Frank Borzage
Frank Borzage (/bɔːrˈzeɪɡi/ né Borzaga; April 23, 1894 – June 19, 1962) was an American film director and actor. He was the first person to win the Academy Award for Best Director for his film 7th Heaven (1927) at the 1st Academy Awards.

Born to Italian and Swiss immigrant parents in Salt Lake City, Borzage began his career as a teenager performing with traveling theater groups throughout the western United States. He found employment in Hollywood in 1912, where he began directing and acting in short films before transitioning to feature films. Borzage's other directorial feature credits include Street Angel (1928), Bad Girl (1931), A Farewell to Arms (1932), Man's Castle (1933), History Is Made at Night (1937), The Mortal Storm (1940), and Moonrise (1948).

His final credited directorial work is the historical drama The Big Fisherman (1959), before his death from cancer in 1962.
Ridgemont High School (Ohio)
Ridgemont High School is a public high school in Mt. Victory, Ohio.  It is the only high school in the Ridgemont Local Schools district.  Their nickname is the Golden Gophers, a distinction they share with only two other high schools in The United States, Hueytown High School in Hueytown, Alabama and Pavilion High School in Pavilion, New York.

Hueytown High School
Hueytown High School is a four-year public high school in the Birmingham, Alabama suburb of Hueytown. It is one of fourteen high schools in the Jefferson County School System. Hueytown competes in AHSAA Class 6A athletics.
The Other Darker Ned
The Other, Darker Ned is a 1979 novel written by author Anne Fine. The story is about a girl called Ione who hears her blind father, Professor Muffet, complaining to his secretary that she only ever 'mopes' and he wishes that she would do something. She then goes to an Oxfam shop and is shocked when she learns about poverty in India.

Ione holds a jumble sale in the village to buy a bullock for farmers in India who are dying. The title The Other, Darker Ned refers to the character she sees in her head who has a resemblance of her friend Ned. She becomes so shaken by the image that she decides to stop at nothing to hold the jumble sale. She is extremely successful and manages to buy two bullocks, get Ned, and his girlfriend (Professor Muffet's secretary) to stop quarrelling and fall in love.

Children and Young Adult Literature portal

Anne Fine
Anne Fine (born 7 December 1947) is an English writer. She is best known for writing children's books, although she also writes for adults. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and she was appointed an OBE in 2003.

Fine has written more than seventy children's books, including two winners of the annual Carnegie Medal and three highly commended runners-up. For some of those five books she also won the Guardian Prize, one Smarties Prize, two Whitbread Awards, and she was twice the Children's Author of the Year.

For her contribution as a children's writer, Fine was a runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1998. From 2001 to 2003, she was the second Children's Laureate in the UK.
Aurélio Martins
Aurélio Pires Quaresma Martins (born November 24, 1966) is a São Toméan journalist, businessman and politician, who until May 2018 was leader of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party
(MLSTP/PSD).

São Tomé
São Tomé is the capital and largest city of the Central African island country of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas". Founded in the 15th century, it is one of Africa's oldest colonial cities.
South Worcester Historic District
South Worcester Historic District is a national historic district located at South Worcester in Otsego County, New York.  It encompasses 41 contributing buildings and three contributing sites in this rural hamlet. It is composed primarily of 19th and early 20th century frame residences and outbuildings representing typical vernacular interpretations of popular national styles for the period from about 1810 to 1942.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Worcester, New York
Worcester is a town in Otsego County, New York, United States. The population was 2,220 at the 2010 census. Worcester is on the southeastern border of the county and is northeast of Oneonta. The Worcester Central School District presently has 369 students enrolled in grades K-12.
History of public transport ticketing in New South Wales
Public transport ticketing in New South Wales, Australia has operated using a variety of different fare collection systems. Paper tickets were used until 1992, whilst magnetic tickets were used until 2016. The magnetic ticketing system, known variously as AFC, STATS and MyZone, was progressively replaced by a contactless smart card called Opal.

CityRail
CityRail was a passenger railway brand operated by the State Rail Authority from 1989 to 2003 and by RailCorp from 2004 to 2013 with services in and around Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong, the three largest cities in New South Wales, Australia. It was established in January 1989 and abolished in June 2013 when it was superseded by Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink.

In June 2013, it operated 307 stations and over 2,060 kilometres of track, extending north to the upper Hunter Valley, south to the Shoalhaven and Southern Highlands regions and west to Bathurst. In the year ended 30 June 2012, 306 million journeys were made on the network.
Alfred Charles Whitman
Alfred Charles Whitman (12 October 1860 – 2 February 1910) was a British print historian and museum curator, known for his books on the works of Valentine Green, Samuel William Reynolds, Samuel Cousins, and Charles Turner.

Charles Turner (engraver)
Charles Turner ARA (31 August 1774 – 1 August 1857) was an English engraver and draughtsman who specialised in portraiture. He collaborated with J. M. W. Turner (to whom he was not related) on the early plates of the same's Liber Studiorum.
Geoffrey Bay
Geoffrey Bay is a bay with a large sweeping beach on Magnetic Island, Queensland, Australia. It is offshore from the suburb of Arcadia.

The wreck of the sailing barque the Moltke can be found in the bay.

Moltke (1870)
The Moltke was a three-masted barque built in Hamburg, Germany in 1870. The vessel was wrecked off the coast of northern Queensland, Australia in 1890 before being refloated and hulked. In 1911 the vessel was scuttled off Geoffrey Bay, Magnetic Island. The wreck of the vessel now hosts a wide range of underwater life and is a popular open-water dive site.
Pu Xuefeng
Pu Xuefeng (Chinese: 浦薛鳳; 1900–1997), also known as Dison Hsueh-Feng Poe, was a Chinese political scientist and administrator. Born in 1900 in Changshu, Suzhou, China, he was educated at Tsinghua University in Beijing and Hamline University in Saint Paul, Minnesota, where he received a BA in 1923. He went on to graduate with a master's degree in political science from Harvard University. Subsequently, he taught at Tsinghua and other universities and entered government service with the Republic of China in 1938. During World War II, he served in the Supreme National Defence Council. He attended the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco in 1945 as a technical counselor for the Republic of China. He retired to California and died in San Gabriel, California, in 1997.

Changshu
Changshu (Chinese: 常熟; pinyin: Chángshú; Wade–Giles: Ch'ang-shu'; lit. 'evergrow'; Suzhounese: /d͡ʐan¹³ ʐoʔ²³/) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, and is part of the Yangtze River Delta. It borders the prefecture-level city of Nantong to the northeast across the Yangtze River. Due to the mild climate and terrain, it has had a high level of agriculture since ancient times, and is named after this: the first character of its name (常) means "always, often", while the second (熟) means "ripe". The name of the adjacent county-level city of Taicang means "great granary".
Ella Cinders
Ella Cinders is an American syndicated comic strip created by writer Bill Conselman and artist Charles Plumb. Distributed for most of its run by United Feature Syndicate, the daily version was launched June 1, 1925, and a Sunday page followed two years later. It was discontinued on December 2, 1961. Chris Crusty ran above Ella Cinders as a topper strip from July 5, 1931 to July 6, 1941.

William Conselman
William Marien Conselman (July 10, 1896 – May 25, 1940) was an American screenwriter who also wrote newspaper comic strips under his Bill Conselman byline and sometimes under the pseudonym Frank Smiley.
Bournville Village Trust
Bournville Village Trust is an organisation created to maintain and improve the Birmingham suburb of Bournville. During the 20th century it expanded its geographical coverage to include developments in Shenley Green, Lightmoor in Telford, Bloomsbury in Nechells and Rowheath.

Shenley Green
Shenley Green is an area of Birmingham. It is located in the south-west of the city, between Weoley Castle and Northfield.

Shenley Green was a post war development built on the location of Shendley Green Farm and by 1958 there were around 8,000 residents.

The centre of Shenley Green comprises a shopping area, the Shenley Centre and St. David's Church. It is part of Bournville Village Trust.

The Shenley Green Centre was conceived by local people and built in 1965 as a youth club. St. David's Church was opened in 1970 and its prominent feature is the large lantern tower. The former church building became the community hall for the new church.
Boudevilliers
Boudevilliers is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.

Dombresson
Dombresson is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.
Proud (Tamara Todevska song)
"Proud" is a song recorded by Macedonian singer Tamara Todevska. It was composed by Darko Dimitrov, Robert Bilbilov and Lazar Cvetkoski, with the lyrics being written by Kosta Petrov and Sanja Popovska. It was the Macedonian entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019, which took place in Tel Aviv. Although the song was initially planned to be released on 4 March 2019, the release date was postponed the day before to 8 March 2019 to coincide with International Women's Day. Todevska performed "Proud" during the second Eurovision semi-final on 16 May 2019, and qualified for the final, where it placed seventh with 305 points, despite winning the jury vote.

Darko Dimitrov
Darko Dimitrov (Macedonian: Дарко Димитров [ˈdarkɔ ˈdimitrɔf] ⓘ; born 21 January 1973) is a Macedonian songwriter, record producer, arranger and record executive. Highly acclaimed for revitalising the Yugoslav mainstream pop music scene, which also influenced the surrounding Balkan countries, he has received international recognition for working with many popular foreign artists.