hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ishwar Gupta Setu
Ishwar Gupta Setu (Bengali: ঈশ্বর গুপ্ত সেতু) is a 1,056.25 m (3,465.4 ft) long road bridge that crosses the Hooghly River in Bansberia, Hooghly and Kalyani, Nadia in West Bengal, India. The Kalyani Expressway crosses the bridge, connecting National Highway 12 with National Highway 19. It is named after the 19th‑century Bengali poet Ishwar Chandra Gupta. The original bridge is a Beam bridge, pre‑stressed concrete structure carrying a four‑lane, 10.5 m‑wide roadway over a 676 m span of the Hooghly River. Due to increased demand, a second parallel six‑lane extradosed cable‑stayed bridge with seven spans totaling 714 m and a 35 m‑wide deck is now under construction to enhance capacity and resilience.

Kalyani, West Bengal
Kalyani is a city and a municipality & BDO in the Nadia district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of Kalyani subdivision and part of the Presidency division. Kalyani is a part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
Eighteenth Century Women Poets: An Oxford Anthology
Eighteenth century women poets: an Oxford anthology is a poetry anthology edited by Roger Lonsdale and published in 1989 by the Oxford University Press. In the introduction, Lonsdale notes that while the featured writers may have flourished, to one degree or another, during the eighteenth century, by the time he came to collect their work, many of them had "disappeared from view." Scholars since have credited Lonsdale's "unprecedented" work for opening up new avenues for teaching and research. The collection comprises three hundred and twenty-three separate poems by one hundred and seven different poets, fifteen of whom remain anonymous. The entries are arranged chronologically, and each includes a biographical note.

Roger Lonsdale
Roger Harrison Lonsdale DPhil, FBA, FRSL (6 August 1934 – 28 February 2022) was a British literary scholar and academic born in Hornsea, East Riding of Yorkshire, and educated at Hymers College, Hull (1945-1952). He was a Fellow and Tutor at Balliol College Oxford from 1963 to 2000, and Professor of English Literature at the University of Oxford from 1992 to 2000. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1989 and a Fellow of the British Academy in 1991. Lonsdale died at home in Oxford on 28 February 2022, at the age of 87. He was married to the archaeologist Nicoletta Momigliano.
Shipton Hall
Shipton Hall is a large Elizabethan country house in the village of Shipton, Shropshire, England, which lies in the Corvedale valley some 7 miles south-west of Much Wenlock. It is a Grade I listed building.

The hall is constructed of limestone to an E-plan in two storeys with attics, and boasts a slender 4-storey tower in one of the internal corners.  In the ornamental gardens are stables and an early monastic dovecote, which is a Grade II* listed building.

Close by stands the 12th century Church of St James.

Shipton, Shropshire
Shipton is a small village in Shropshire, England.

The 12th-century parish church of St James is a Grade II* Listed Building. It was rebuilt in 1589 by the Lutwyche family then owning the Hall.

The church figures prominently in the history of the Samuel More family of Mayflower pilgrims fame. The More family had their seat at Shipton Hall after acquiring the Hall through marriage from the Mytton family in 1795. The Hall is constructed of limestone to an E-plan.  In the ornamental gardens are stables and an early monastic dovecote, which is a Grade II* listed building.
I Married You for Fun
Ti ho sposato per allegria (internationally released as I Married You for Fun) is a 1967 Italian comedy film directed by Luciano Salce. It is based on the play by Natalia Ginzburg.

Monica Vitti was awarded the Globo d'oro for Best Actress, while Maria Grazia Buccella won a Silver Ribbon for Best supporting Actress.

Luciano Salce
Luciano Salce (25 September 1922 – 17 December 1989) was an Italian film director, comedian, television host, producer, actor and lyricist. His 1962 film Le pillole di Ercole was shown as part of a retrospective on Italian comedy at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.

As a writer of pop music, he used the pseudonym Pilantra. During World War II, he was a prisoner in Germany. He later worked for several years in Brazil.
Tomaszów, Gmina Tarłów
Tomaszów [tɔˈmaʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarłów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Tarłów, 31 km (19 mi) north-east of Opatów, and 81 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Tarłów
Gmina Tarłów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Tarłów, which lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-east of Opatów and 79 km (49 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 163.77 square kilometres (63.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,753.
Aichi Prefectural Police
The Aichi Prefectural Police (愛知県警察, Aichi-ken Keisatsu) is the prefectural police force responsible, under the control of the Aichi Prefectural Public Safety Commission, for policing Aichi Prefecture.

The mascot character is "Konoha-keibu", or "Chief Inspector Konoha" (Japanese: コノハけいぶ, Hepburn: Konoha Keibu), named after the prefectural bird, the Eurasian scops owl (Japanese: コノハズク, Hepburn: Konohazuku, thus got its name.).

Okazaki, Aichi
Okazaki (岡崎市, Okazaki-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.(d)za.kʲi, -ka.(d)za.kʲi̥ꜜ.ɕi, -(d)zaꜜ.kʲi̥.ɕi], locally [o.ka.(d)za.kʲi]) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 386,999 in 164,087 households, and a population density of 999 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 387.20 km2 (149.50 sq mi).
Bernard Hale (British Army officer)
General Bernard Hale (1725? – 13 March 1798) was a British Army officer.

He was the third son of Sir Bernard Hale, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, by his wife Anne Thorseby of Northampton. General John Hale,  Governor of Londonderry, was his youngest brother.

He was educated at Harrow School and Peterhouse, Cambridge, matriculating in January 1743 and gaining a scholarship.

Hale became a captain and lieutenant-colonel in the 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards on 30 April 1758 and colonel in the Army on 7 October 1762. He was further promoted to major-general in 1772, lieutenant-general in 1777 and general in 1793. He also held the appointments of colonel of the 20th Regiment of Foot from 1769 to 1773, Lieutenant-Governor of Chelsea Hospital from 10 May 1773, and Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance in Ireland from 1759 to 1789.

Lancashire Fusiliers
The Lancashire Fusiliers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that saw distinguished service through many years and wars, including the Second Boer War, and the First and Second World Wars. It had many different titles throughout its 280 years of existence.

In 1968 the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) – to form the current Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.
Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim F.C.
Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim F.C. (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל הפועל רמת-גן גבעתיים, Moadon Kaduregel Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim) is an Israeli football club from Ramat Gan and Givatayim. They currently play in Liga Leumit, the second tier of Israeli football. Home matches are played at Ramat Gan Stadium, which has a capacity of 13,370. Their regular home strip is all-red.

Ramat Gan
Ramat Gan (Hebrew: רמת גן, pronounced [raˈmat ˈɡan] ⓘ) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, located east of the municipality of Tel Aviv, and is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area. It is home to a Diamond Exchange District (one of the world's major diamond exchanges), Sheba Medical Center (the largest hospital in Israel) and many high-tech industries.

Ramat Gan was established in 1921 as a moshava, a communal farming settlement. In 2023 it had a population of 167,794.
Kingdom of Pergamon
The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor (now Turkey) from its capital city of Pergamon.  It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.  Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and seized the city of Pergamon and the surrounding regions; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC.  The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent.  It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants.  It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.

Sardis
Sardis (/ˈsɑːrdɪs/ SAR-diss) or Sardes (/ˈsɑːrdiːs/ SAR-deess; Lydian: 𐤮𐤱𐤠𐤭, romanized: Sfar; Ancient Greek: Σάρδεις, romanized: Sárdeis; Old Persian: 𐎿𐎱𐎼𐎭, romanized: Sparda) was an ancient city best known as the capital of the Lydian Empire. After the fall of the Lydian Empire, it became the capital of the Persian satrapy of Lydia and later a major center of Hellenistic and Byzantine culture. Now an active archaeological site, it is located in modern day Turkey, in Manisa Province, near the town of Sart. Sardis was also mentioned as the campsite of Brutus and Cassius in William Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar (1599).

In 2025, Sardis was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Allegany, New York
Allegany is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 7,493 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Allegany  is on the south border of the county, west of the City of Olean. There is a village named Allegany inside this town.

The origin of the name Allegany is uncertain. It may have come from the name of a tribe called Allegewi that lived along the Allegheny River's banks. It may also be based on a Native American word meaning "lovely" or "beautiful".

Cattaraugus County, New York
Cattaraugus County (locally known as Catt County) is a county in Western New York, with one side bordering Pennsylvania. As of the United States 2020 census, the population was 77,042. The county seat is Little Valley. The county was created in 1808 and later organized in 1817. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Cattaraugus County comprises the Olean, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Olean, NY Combined Statistical Area. Within its boundaries are the Allegany Indian Reservation of the Seneca Nation of New York, and the Allegany State Park. The Allegheny River runs through the county.
Edward Morgan Log House
The Edward Morgan Log House is a historic house built c. 1770. It is located at 850 Weikel Rd. in Towamencin Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Towamencin Township, Pennsylvania
Towamencin Township is a home-rule township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 17,578 at the 2010 census. It is part of the North Penn School District and the North Penn Valley region that is centered around the borough of Lansdale. Towamencin has residential neighborhoods, historic farmhouses, recreational facilities, many schools, and open spaces. The community is a mix of residential, commercial and rural development. The Township is centrally located within Montgomery County with easy access to the Pennsylvania Turnpike’s Northeast Extension.
2012 French legislative election
Legislative elections were held in France on 10 and 17 June 2012 (and on other dates for small numbers of voters outside metropolitan France) to select the members of the 14th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, a little over a month after the presidential election run-off held on 6 May.

All 577 single member seats in the assembly, including those representing overseas departments and territories and French residents overseas, were contested using a two-round system.

Democratic and Republican Left group
The Democratic and Republican Left group (French: Groupe de la Gauche démocrate et républicaine or GDR) is a parliamentary group in the National Assembly including representatives of the French Communist Party (PCF) as well as leftist parties with bases in Overseas France. Since 1 April 2025, the group has been co-presided by Stéphane Peu (PCF, Seine-Saint-Denis) and Emeline K/Bidi (Le Progrès, Réunion), succeeding André Chassaigne, who led the group from 2012 to 2025.

The group comprises 17 deputies following the 2024 French legislative election: eight members of the PCF and nine deputies representing overseas territories including Réunion, Martinique, French Guiana, and French Polynesia. The GDR has consistently advocated for social justice, public services, territorial equality, and the interests of both working-class communities and France's overseas departments and territories.
Placida, Florida
Placida is an unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. It is located near where County Road 771 becomes County Road 775, and the Coral Creek meets Gasparilla Sound.

Placida is part of the Sarasota-Bradenton-Punta Gorda Combined Statistical Area. The ZIP Code for Placida is 33946.

Charlotte County, Florida
Charlotte County is a U.S. county located in southwestern Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 186,847. Its county seat is Punta Gorda.

Charlotte County comprises the Punta Gorda, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota Combined Statistical Area.
Parashuram Krishna Gode
Parashuram Krishna Gode (Marathi: परशुराम कृष्ण गोडे), was a Sanskrit and Prakrit scholar and the first curator of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. He was the co-editor of The New Indian Antiquary, a monthly journal of Oriental research.

Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) is a research institute involved in the conservation, preservation, and research of old manuscripts and rare books related to Orientalism, particularly Indology. It is located in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It was founded on 6 July 1917 and named after Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar (1837–1925), a scholar of Orientalism. The institute is well known for its collection of old Sanskrit and Prakrit manuscripts.
Cornish College of the Arts
The Cornish College of the Arts (CCA) is the art college of Seattle University, a private Jesuit university in Seattle, Washington, United States. Founded in 1914 by music teacher Nellie Cornish, it operated as a private art college until it was absorbed by Seattle University on June 2, 2025. The college's main campus is in the Denny Triangle portion of the South Lake Union neighborhood near downtown Seattle.

Seattle Center
The Seattle Center is an entertainment, education, tourism and performing arts center located in the Lower Queen Anne neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. Constructed for the 1962 World's Fair, the Seattle Center's landmark feature is the 605 ft (184 m) Space Needle, an official city landmark and globally recognized symbol of Seattle's skyline. Other notable attractions include Pacific Science Center, Climate Pledge Arena, and the Museum of Pop Culture (MoPOP), as well as McCaw Hall, which hosts both Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet. The Seattle Center Monorail provides regular public transit service between the Seattle Center and Westlake Center in downtown Seattle, and is itself considered a tourist attraction.
City-Bahn Chemnitz
The City-Bahn Chemnitz is a railway company which operates tram-train and regional rail services in and around Chemnitz, in Saxony, Germany. The tram-train services run both on the railway network and the urban tram network in Chemnitz. City-Bahn Chemnitz was founded on March 10, 1997.

Stadler Variobahn
The Stadler Variobahn (formerly sold as the ABB Variotram, Adtranz Variotram and Bombardier Variotram) is a model of articulated low-floor tram and light rail vehicle. Since its introduction in 1993, the Variobahn has been manufactured variously by ABB, Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation, and since 2001 by Stadler Pankow. As of 2009, 254 trams have been ordered, with an additional 110 on option. A unit costs about €2.5 million.

Operators include the Graz Holding, the Bergen Light Rail, the Chemnitz Tramway, Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr, the Rhine Neckar Area Tramway and London Tramlink.
The Crooked Road
The Crooked Road is a 1965 British film directed and co-written by Don Chaffey. It stars Stewart Granger, Robert Ryan and Janet Munro. It is based on the 1957 novel The Big Story by Morris West. An American journalist plans to expose as a crook the dictator of a small Balkan state, but finds himself framed for murder.

Morris West
Morris Langlo West AO (26 April 1916 – 9 October 1999) was an Australian novelist and playwright, best known for his novels The Devil's Advocate (1959), The Shoes of the Fisherman (1963) and The Clowns of God (1981). His books were published in 27 languages and sold more than 60 million copies worldwide. Each new book he wrote after he became an established writer sold more than one million copies.

West's works were often focused on international politics and the role of the Roman Catholic Church in international affairs. In The Shoes of the Fisherman he described the election and career of a Slav as Pope, 15 years before the historic election of Karol Wojtyła as Pope John Paul II. The sequel, The Clowns of God, described a successor Pope who resigned the papacy to live in seclusion, 32 years before the abdication of Pope Benedict XVI in 2013.
Marefield
Marefield is a hamlet and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 20. At the census 2011 the population remained less than 100 and is included in the civil parish of Owston and Newbold.  It was also the birthplace of Wire drummer Robert Gotobed, and Thomas Hooker, one of the main founders of Connecticut, USA.

Thomas Hooker
Thomas Hooker (July 5, 1586 – July 7, 1647) was a prominent English colonial leader and Congregational minister, who founded the Connecticut Colony after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. He was known as an outstanding speaker and an advocate of universal Christian suffrage.

Called today "the Father of Connecticut", Hooker was a towering figure in the early development of colonial New England. He was one of the great preachers of his time, an erudite writer on Christian subjects, the first minister of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and one of the first settlers and founders of both the city of Hartford and the state of Connecticut. He has been cited by many as the inspiration for the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut", which some have described as the world's first written democratic constitution establishing a representative government.
Bryson's Dictionary of Troublesome Words
Bryson's Dictionary of Troublesome Words (ISBN 0-7679-1043-5) is a book by Bill Bryson, published under several titles since 1984, that catalogues some of the English language's most commonly misused words and phrases in order to demonstrate preferable usage. It helps writers and editors to think about how to make written communication clearer.

Bill Bryson
William McGuire Bryson (/ˈbraɪsən/ BRYE-sən; born 8 December 1951) is an American-British journalist and author. Bryson has written nonfiction books on topics including travel, the English language, and science. Born in the United States, he has resided in Britain for most of his adult life, returning to the U.S. between 1995 and 2003, and holds dual American and British citizenship. He was the chancellor of Durham University from 2005 to 2011.

In 1995, while in the United Kingdom, Bryson wrote Notes from a Small Island, an exploration of Britain. In 2003, he authored A Short History of Nearly Everything. In October 2020, he announced that he had retired from writing books. In 2022, he recorded an audiobook for Audible, The Secret History of Christmas. He has sold over 16 million books worldwide.
Ó Curnín
Ó Cuirnín was the name of a brehon literary family of Breifne, related to its  kings, the O'Rourkes.

The surname is now rendered Cornyn, Courneen, Corneen, Coorneen, Curneen, Curnin, or more rarely, Courtney.

Notable people with the surname include:

Ó Curnín (monk), a pious sage, died 1258

Tomás Ó Curnín, ollav of the Fir Brefne, died 1400

Cormac Ó Curnín, died 1475

Ruaidrí Ó Curnín, died 1496

Conor Carragh Ó Curnín, died 1498

Ferceirtne Ó Curnín, died 1519

Domhnall Glas Ó Curnín, died 1519

West Breifne
The Kingdom of West Breifne (Irish: Breifne Ua Ruairc) or Breifne O'Rourke was a historic kingdom of Ireland that existed from 1256 to 1605, located in the area that is now County Leitrim. It took its present boundaries in 1583 when West Breifne was shired and renamed Leitrim, after the village of Leitrim, which was an O'Rourke stronghold. The kingdom came into existence after a battle between the ruling O'Rourke clan and the ascendant O'Reillys caused the breakup of the older Kingdom of Breifne and  led to the formation of East Breifne and West Breifne. The kingdom was ruled by the O'Rourke clan and lasted until the early 17th century, when their lands were confiscated by England.
Hard to Love (Lee Brice song)
"Hard to Love" is a song written by Billy Montana, John Ozier, and Ben Glover and recorded by American country music artist Lee Brice. It was released on May 14, 2012 as the second single from Brice's album Hard 2 Love.

The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Brice's performance of someone else's lyrics. "Hard to Love" gave Brice his second number-one country hit on the US Billboard Country Airplay chart. It also peaked at numbers 4 and 27 on the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts, respectively. It received minor chart success in Canada, peaking at number 51 on the Canadian Hot 100. The song was certified Platinum by both the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Music Canada for selling over a number of units from their respective countries.

The accompanying music video for the song was directed by Eric Welch.

Billy Montana
Billy Montana (born William Schlappi on September 28, 1959, in Voorheesville, New York) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Between 1987 and 1995, Montana released one studio album and charted six singles on Billboard's Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. As a songwriter, Montana's songs have been recorded by Lee Brice, Garth Brooks, Sara Evans, Jo Dee Messina, Tim McGraw, Martina McBride, Jon Pardi, Sister Hazel and Kenny Rogers, among others.
Gunstock war club
The gunstock club or gun stock war club is an Indigenous weapon used by many Native Americans and First Nations and named for its similar appearance to the wooden stocks of muskets and rifles of the time. Gunstock clubs were most predominantly used by Eastern Woodland and Plains tribes in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Stock (firearms)
A gunstock or often simply stock, the back portion of which is also known as a shoulder stock, a buttstock, or simply a butt, is a part of a long gun that provides structural support, to which the barrel, action, and firing mechanism are attached.  The stock also provides a means for the shooter to firmly brace the gun and easily aim with stability by being held against the user's shoulder when shooting the gun, and helps to counter muzzle rise by transmitting recoil straight into the shooter's body.

The tiller of a crossbow is functionally the equivalent of the stock on a gun.