hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salvinia molesta
Salvinia molesta is commonly known as giant salvinia, or as kariba weed after it infested a large portion of Lake Kariba between Zimbabwe and Zambia. It is a free-floating aquatic fern, with fronds that are 0.5–4 centimetres (0.20–1.6 in) long and broad, with a bristly, waterproof surface caused by the hair-like strands that join at the end to form eggbeater shapes. The fronds are produced in pairs with a third modified root-like frond that hangs in the water. Though native to south-eastern Brazil, it has been accidentally introduced or escaped to countless lakes throughout the United States, including Caddo Lake in Texas, where the invasive species has caused eutrophication to occur.

Since 2019, Salvinia molesta has been included in the European Union's List of invasive alien species of Union concern. This means that the species cannot be imported, cultivated, transported, commercialized, planted, or intentionally released into the environment in the European Union.

Caddo Lake
Caddo Lake (French: Lac Caddo) is a 25,400-acre (10,300 ha) lake and bayou (wetland) on the border between Texas and Louisiana, in northern Harrison County and southern Marion County in Texas and western Caddo Parish in Louisiana. The lake is named after the Caddoans or Caddo, Native Americans who lived in the area until their expulsion by the United States in the 19th century. The US forced most of them to move west to Indian Territory.

The lake and bayou comprise an internationally protected wetland under the Ramsar Convention and includes one of the largest flooded cypress forests in the United States. Caddo is one of Texas's few non-oxbow natural lakes. It was artificially altered by the addition of a dam in the 1900s.
Cam-6
The CAM-6 accelerator is a PC-compatible expansion board designed to simulate cellular automata, presenting the output to an IBM CGA display. It was designed by Tommaso Toffoli and Norman Margolus and is described at length in "Cellular Automata Machines", by Toffoli and Margolus (MIT Press, 1987). The card was engineered and produced by Systems Concepts but production problems made it very hard for interested customers to acquire one.

Norman Margolus
Norman H. Margolus (born 1955) is a Canadian-American physicist and computer scientist, known for his work on cellular automata and reversible computing. He is a research affiliate with the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Marat Ahmetjanov
Marat Mūratūly Ahmetjanov (born 22 December 1964) is a Kazakh politician and military officer. Since September 2023 he has been serving as Äkim of Akmola Region.

Before that, Ahmetjanov was the Minister of Internal Affairs of Kazakhstan from 2022 to 2023.

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MIA RK) is the Kazakh government ministry which oversees the police and the National Guard (formerly the Internal Troops) of Kazakhstan. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, appointed by the decree of the President of Kazakhstan. The Minister of Internal Affairs has 5 deputies, including the First Deputy Minister.

The residence of the minister and all senior leadership of the ministry, as well as all committees and departments are located in Astana.
Travis Norton
Travis Norton (born 12 April 1976 in Redcliffe, Queensland) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. A Queensland State of Origin representative lock forward, he played his club football with the South Queensland Crushers, Canterbury-Bankstown and the North Queensland Cowboys, whom he captained to the 2005 NRL Grand Final.

Redcliffe Peninsula
The Redcliffe Peninsula is a peninsula located in the City of Moreton Bay in the northeast of the Brisbane metropolitan area in Queensland, Australia. The area covers the suburbs of Clontarf, Kippa-Ring, Margate, Moreton Island, Newport, Redcliffe, Rothwell, Scarborough and Woody Point.

Redcliffe was the site of the first European settlement in Queensland, and was previously governed by its own local government area, the City of Redcliffe. Today, it is within the City of Moreton Bay local government area.

As a result of its beaches as well as its coastal, fishing and recreational amenities, the Redcliffe Peninsula is a popular recreational destination within the Brisbane metropolitan area.

Redcliffe Peninsula is home to over 55,000 residents over its total area of 38.1 km2 (14.7 sq mi). The peninsula is relatively flat with few areas rising more than 20 m (66 ft) above sea level.
1912 Carlisle Indians football team
The 1912 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indian Industrial School as an independent during the 1912 college football season. Led by 11th-year head coach Pop Warner, the Indians compiled a record of 12–1–1 and outscored opponents 454 to 120, leading the nation in scoring. It featured the Hall of Famers Jim Thorpe, Joe Guyon, and Gus Welch. Dwight D. Eisenhower was a halfback on the Army team defeated by Carlisle.

The 1912 season included many rule changes such as the 100-yard field and the 6-point touchdown.  The first six-point touchdowns were registered in Carlisle's 50–7 win over Albright College on September 21.

1912 college football season
The 1912 college football season was the first season of the modern era of college football, as the NCAA implemented changes to increase scoring:

Teams were given 4 downs instead of 3 downs to gain ten yards

The value of a touchdown was increased from 5 points to 6 points

The length of the playing field was reduced from 110 yards to 100 yards, and end zones of ten yards were added

Kickoff was made from the 40 yard line rather than at midfield.

At the end of the season, Harvard was named the year's champion by The New York Times.
Hinze Dam
The Hinze Dam is a rock and earth-fill embankment dam with an un-gated spillway across the Nerang River in the Gold Coast hinterland of South East, Queensland, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is for potable water supply of the Gold Coast region. The impounded reservoir is called Advancetown Lake.

Hinze Dam was named in honour of local pioneers Carl and Johanna Hinze (grandparents of Queensland politician Russ Hinze) who lived in the valley that was flooded by the dam. The dam is almost always full, reaching 96% of capacity even during dry spells.

Nerang River
The Nerang River is a perennial river in South East Queensland, Australia. Its catchment lies within the Gold Coast local government area and covers an area of 490 square kilometres (190 sq mi). The river is approximately 62 kilometres (39 mi) in length.
Stroukoff Aircraft
Stroukoff Aircraft was an American manufacturer of experimental military transport aircraft, established in 1954 by Michael Stroukoff. Successor to Chase Aircraft, the company specialised in developing advanced variants of the C-123 Provider; however, none of the company's designs attracted a production order, and the company folded in 1959.

Michael Stroukoff
Michael Stroukoff (29 January 1883 - 22 December 1973) was a Russian White Guard soldier and an American architect and  aircraft designer. He served in the White Army during the Russian Revolution before emigrating to the United States in 1922. After spending some time as an architect, he joined the Chase Aircraft Company and designed a number of transport aircraft for the United States Army Air Forces and the United States Air Force, later starting his own company to perform further aeronautical work.
Faculty of Astrological Studies
The Faculty of Astrological Studies (FAS; founded 7 June 1948) is a UK-based school of astrology which in its over sixty years of existence has enrolled more than 10,000 students from ninety countries.

Julia Parker (astrologer)
Julia Parker (née Lethbridge; born 1932, Plymouth, Devon) is an astrologer and author who, often in partnership with her  husband Derek Parker, has written many popular and introductory books on astrology.
Osage Township, Bates County, Missouri
Osage Township is one of twenty-four townships in Bates County, Missouri, and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area within the USA.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,837.

The township takes its name from the Osage River.

Bates County, Missouri
Bates County is a county located in the west central part of the U.S. state of Missouri, two counties south of the Missouri River and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,042. Its county seat is Butler.  The county was organized in 1841 and named after Frederick Bates, the second Governor of Missouri.

This mostly rural county has an overwhelmingly ethnic European-American population, which has declined in number since the early 20th century as people have moved to cities.
Constant Noise
Constant Noise is the second studio album by Benefits, a British post-punk duo composed of vocalist Kingsley Hall and instrumentalist Robbie Major. It was released on 21 March 2025 by Invada Records, in various formats including vinyl, CD, cassette and digital download.

James Adrian Brown
James Adrian Brown (born June 1984 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England) is a musician, solo electronic artist, producer, composer and former guitarist and songwriter with the English alternative rock band Pulled Apart by Horses.

He has been described as an icon in the making, throwing himself around the stage with a blatant disregard to health and safety.
Stadionul Orășenesc (Filiași)
Stadionul Orășenesc is a multi-purpose stadium in Filiași, Romania. It is currently used mostly for football matches, is the home ground of CSO Filiași and Luceafărul Filiași. The stadium was opened in 2019 and has a capacity of 1,360 seats.

CSO Filiași
Club Sportiv Orășenesc Filiași, commonly known as CSO Filiași, or simply as Filiași, is a Romanian football club based in Filiași, Dolj County, currently playing in the Liga III, the third tier of Romanian football.

Founded in 2009, CSO Filiași competed at county level until 2014, when the team earned promotion to Liga III. Since then, Filieșenii have established themselves as a stable mid-table side in the third tier, achieving four 2nd-place finishes in their series and reaching the quarter-finals of the Cupa României in the 2021–22 campaign.
Khoroshyovo (Moscow Central Circle)
Khoroshyovo (Russian: Хорошёво) is a station on the Moscow Central Circle of the Moscow Metro. The station offers out-of-station transfers to Polezhayevskaya of Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line and Khoroshyovskaya on the Bolshaya Koltsevaya line.

Khoroshyovskaya (Moscow Metro)
Khoroshyovskaya (Russian: Хорошёвскаяpronunciationⓘ) is a station on the Bolshaya Koltsevaya line of the Moscow Metro. It opened on 26 February 2018 as one of five initial stations on the new line.

The station's name comes from the area of Khoroshyovo, which was supposedly named by Ivan the Terrible.
Schizoglossia
Schizoglossia refers to linguistic insecurity or language complex about one's native language. The term was coined by Einar Haugen in 1962.

Linguistic insecurity is common in societies where there are two language varieties and one is seen as "incorrect" and the other as a prestigious standard idiom. For example: Standard French versus Haitian creole or Standard American English versus Afro-American English. In these cases, one variety is seen as "bad" and its speaker might want to "correct" some usages for some more prestigious alternatives. Those negative attitudes usually make the speakers ashamed of language usage that does not convey prestige, either openly or indirectly by using linguistic characteristics, such as pronunciation, of the other speech variety.

Einar Haugen
Einar Ingvald Haugen (/ˈhaʊɡən/; April 19, 1906 – June 20, 1994) was a Norwegian-American linguist and writer known for his influential work in American sociolinguistics 
and Norwegian-American studies, including Old Norse studies.

Haugen was a professor at University of Wisconsin–Madison and Harvard University.
 He also served as president of the Linguistic Society of America, the American Dialect Society, and the Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study. Haugen was also a member of the Board of Editors of the Norwegian-American Historical Association.
 In 1972 he was awarded an honorary degree, doctor philos. honoris causa, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, later part of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Sulak, İdil
Sulak (Kurdish: Bafê) is a village in the İdil District of Şırnak Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Harunan tribe and had a population of 1,334 in 2021.

The hamlet of Bahçe is attached to Sulak.

İdil District
İdil District is a district of the Şırnak Province of Turkey. The seat of the district is the town of İdil and the population was 77,105 in 2021. Its area is 1,148 km2.

The district was formed in 1937.

The western part of the district is considered part of the Tur Abdin region, while the eastern part is considered part of the Bohtan region.
São Paulo Brazil Temple
The São Paulo Brazil Temple (formerly the São Paulo Temple) is the 19th constructed and 17th operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Located in the Brazilian city of São Paulo, it was the first Latter-day Saint temple built in South America, and the first to use a single story, single spire design. The spire is 101 feet (31 m) tall. The intent to build the temple was announced on March 1, 1975, by church president Spencer W. Kimball at an area conference. A groundbreaking ceremony, to signify the beginning of construction, was held on March 20, 1976, conducted by James E. Faust.

James E. Faust
James Esdras Faust (July 31, 1920 – August 10, 2007) was an American religious leader, lawyer, and politician. Faust was Second Counselor in the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1995 until his death, an LDS Church apostle for 29 years, and a general authority of the church for 35 years.
MOD West Freugh
MOD West Freugh is located in Wigtownshire, 5 miles (8 km) south east of Stranraer, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, and is operated by defence contractor QinetiQ, on behalf of the Ministry of Defence.

It has always been an armaments training school, either for handling or deployment of ordnance.

The site was previously a Royal Air Force station as RAF West Freugh, as well as a Royal Aircraft Establishment as RAE West Freugh.

Stranraer
Stranraer (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Sròn Reamhar [ən̪ˠˌt̪ʰɾɔːn ˈɾãũ.əɾ]), also known as The Toon or The Cleyhole, is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, on Loch Ryan and the northern side of the isthmus joining the Rhins of Galloway to the mainland. Stranraer is Dumfries and Galloway's second-largest town, with a population of 10,593.

Stranraer is the administrative centre for the Wigtownshire area of Dumfries and Galloway. It was formerly a ferry port, connecting Scotland with Belfast and Larne in Northern Ireland; the service was transferred to nearby Cairnryan in 2011. It lies 87 miles (140 km) south-west of Glasgow, 52 miles (84 km) south-west of Ayr and 72 miles (116 km) west of Dumfries.

The town's English name comes from its Scottish Gaelic counterpart An t-Sròn Reamhar, meaning "the broad headland" or "the fat nose".
L (SEPTA Metro)
The L, formerly known as the Market–Frankford Line, is a rapid transit line in the SEPTA Metro network in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The L runs from the 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby, just outside of West Philadelphia, through Center City Philadelphia to the Frankford Transit Center in Near Northeast Philadelphia. Starting in 2024, the line was rebranded as the "L" as part of the implementation of SEPTA Metro, wherein line names are simplified to a single letter.

The L is the busiest route in the SEPTA system; it had more than 170,000 boardings on an average weekday in 2019. The line has elevated, on-grade, and underground portions.

Northeast Philadelphia
Northeast Philadelphia, nicknamed Northeast Philly, the Great Northeast, and known colloquially as simply "the Northeast", is a section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. According to the 2000 census, Northeast Philadelphia has a population of between 300,000 and 450,000, depending on how the area is defined. The Northeast is known as being home to a large and diverse working class population, including Polish, German, Jewish, Russian, African American, Brazilian, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Guatemalan, Ukrainian, Indian, Chinese, Irish, and Vietnamese neighborhoods.
America West Hockey League
The America West Hockey League (AWHL) was a Tier II Junior A ice hockey league. The AWHL was formed in 1992 to offer junior ice hockey to the Rocky Mountain region of USA Hockey. It originally was called the American Frontier Hockey League (AFHL), and the name change to AWHL came in 1998. The AWHL merged with the North American Hockey League in 2003 and after the merger, the NAHL name was kept.

In the Summer of 2011, a new league called the American West Hockey League was formed in the same region as the former AWHL operating as a Tier III league. The new AWHL featured 6 teams, including the former AWHL teams Billings Bulls, Bozeman Icedogs, Great Falls Americans, and Helena Bighorns. The new AWHL would later be merged into the North American 3 Hockey League as the Frontier Division.

American West Hockey League
The American West Hockey League (AWHL) was an American Tier III Junior ice hockey league based in Montana and Wyoming.  The league was a member of USA Hockey and was founded in 2011. The AWHL merged into the NA3HL in March 2014.
Bill Rixon
Barry William Rixon (22 February 1941 – 12 November 2003) was an Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.

Rixon was born and died in Kyogle, New South Wales.  He was educated at Upper Eden Creek Primary School, Lismore High School, Armidale Teacher's College and the University of New England.  He was a teacher at Milvale, Glen Innes, Tenterfield and Kyogle from 1960 to 1987.  He married Merrilyn and they had two daughters, Serenity and Laura and four sons, Ben, Victor, Luke and Jordan.

Rixon was a councillor on Kyogle Council from 1977 to 1983 and president of it from 1977 to 1980.  He was a The Nationals member for Lismore from 1988 to 1999.

Kyogle
Kyogle (/kaɪoʊɡəl/) is a town in the Northern Rivers region of northern New South Wales, Australia. It falls within the local government area of Kyogle Council. At the 2021 census, Kyogle had a population of 2,804. Kyogle is known as a "gateway" to many national parks including Border Ranges National Park and Toonumbar National Park.
Kottoi Station
Kottoi Station (特牛駅, Kottoi-eki) is a railway station located in the Hōhoku area of the city of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). People who disembark at Kottoi Station can take a 20-minute bus ride to Tsunoshima via the Tsunoshima Bridge, a 1,780-metre-long (5,840 ft) bridge that joins Tsunoshima to the mainland at Hōhoku Town. It was the longest toll free bridge in Japan when it was completed on November 3, 2000.

Shimonoseki
Shimonoseki (Japanese: 下関市, Hepburn: Shimonoseki-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2023, the city had an estimated population of  248,193 in 128,762 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 716.18 square kilometres (276.52 sq mi). It is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture and the fifth-largest city in the Chūgoku region in terms of population. It is nicknamed the 'home of Fugu' for the locally caught and cooked pufferfish, and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.
National University of Laos
The National University of Laos (NUOL) is a national public university in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. Founded in 1996, with departments brought in from other existing colleges, it is the only national university in the country. The NUOL accepts students from all over Laos, along with international students.

The university is a partner of the Greater Mekong Sub-region Academic and Research Network (GMSARN) and ASEAN University Network (AUN).

Vientiane
Vientiane{{efn|/viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ vee-EN-tee-AHN; Lao: ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, pronounced [wíaŋ tɕàn] is the capital of Laos. Comprising the 5 urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture, the city is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the border with Thailand. Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 census.

Vientiane is the home of Pha That Luang, an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other Buddhist temples can be found there, such as Haw Phra Kaew, which formerly housed the Emerald Buddha.

The city is rated as 'suffiency' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
Charlesbreen
Charlesbreen is a glacier in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located between Gunnar Knudsenfjella and Vegardfjella, and debouches into St. Jonsfjorden from the south side. The length of the glacier is ten kilometers. The glacier is named after Charles Robertson.

Vegardfjella
Vegardfjella is a mountain in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, which is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. It is located between the glaciers of Vegardbreen and Charlesbreen, and its highest peak is Larstoppen with a height of 859 m.a.s.l. The mountain is named after Norwegian physicist Lars Vegard.
Stella Pepper Gyles House
Stella Pepper Gyles House is a historic home located near Georgetown, Sussex County, Delaware.  It is dated to the mid-19th century, and is a large two-story, five-bay, single-pile frame and shingle farmhouse with a three-bay side wing.  It has a small lean-to rear wing attached to the rear of the three-bay wing. At the front entrance is a one-story, one-bay pedimented porch.  The house is constructed of cypress and is in a vernacular Greek Revival style.  Located on the property are a notable milk house, a mid-19th century barn, and a granary.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Georgetown, Delaware
Georgetown is a town in and the county seat of Sussex County, Delaware, United States. As of the 2020 census, Georgetown had a population of 7,134.

Georgetown is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
A Sketch of the Past
"A Sketch of the Past" is an autobiographical essay written by Virginia Woolf in 1939. It was written as a break from writing her biography of Roger Fry, English artist and critic, and fellow member of the Bloomsbury Group. It was later edited and posthumously published by Leonard Woolf and now can be found in Moments of Being, a collection of her autobiographical writing.

Bloomsbury Group
The Bloomsbury Group was a group of associated British writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists in the early 20th century. Among the people involved in the group were Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E. M. Forster, Vanessa Bell, and Lytton Strachey. Their works and outlook deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics, as well as modern attitudes towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality.

Although popularly thought of as a formal group, it was a loose collective of friends and relatives closely associated with the University of Cambridge for the men and King's College London for the women, who at one point lived, worked or studied together near Bloomsbury, London. According to Ian Ousby, "although its members denied being a group in any formal sense, they were united by an abiding belief in the importance of the arts." The historian Raymond Williams disputed the existence of the group and the extent of its impact.