hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bradford Old City Hall
The Bradford Old City Hall is a historic city hall located in Bradford, Pennsylvania, in McKean County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 1976.

The eclectic Victorian Romanesque Revival building was constructed in 1897.  The building was designed by architect Enoch A. Curtis of Fredonia, New York.  Curtis was also in charge of the building's reconstruction in 1902 after a devastating fire.  The 68-by-90-foot (21 by 27 m) brick building features a four-story, 100 feet (30 m) clock tower that houses a four-dialed clock created by Seth Thomas around 1910.

The building no longer functions as city hall, but remains home to some city government offices. The building is also located in a Keystone Opportunity Zone (KOZ).

Bradford, Pennsylvania
Bradford is a city in McKean County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located close to the border with New York state and approximately 78 miles (126 km) south of Buffalo, New York. Home to an oil refinery, Zippo headquarters and a University of Pittsburgh branch campus, Bradford is the principal city in the Bradford, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,849 at the 2020 census, down from 8,770 in 2010.
Mezzoldo
Mezzoldo (Bergamasque: Mezóld) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 225 and an area of 18.8 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi).

The municipality of Mezzoldo contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Ca' San Marco  and Ponte delle Acque. Mezzoldo is also the last village on the south side of San Marco Pass.

Mezzoldo borders the following municipalities: Albaredo per San Marco, Averara, Olmo al Brembo, Piazzatorre, Piazzolo, Tartano and Valleve.

Valleve
Valleve (Bergamasque: Valléf or Alév) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Milan and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 145 and an area of 14.9 square kilometres (5.8 sq mi).

The municipality of Valleve contains the frazione (subdivision) San Simone.

Valleve borders the following municipalities: Branzi, Carona, Foppolo, Mezzoldo, Piazzatorre, Tartano.
Alex Verrijn Stuart
Adolf Alexander (Alex or Xander) Verrijn Stuart (Rotterdam, 22 October 1923 – Haarlem, 29 October 2004) was a Dutch computer scientist, and the first Professor in computer science at the Leiden University from 1969 tot 1991.

Eckhard D. Falkenberg
Eckhard D. Falkenberg (born 1942) is a German scientist and Professor Emeritus of Information Systems at the Radboud University Nijmegen. He is known for his contributions in the fields of information modelling, especially object-role modeling, and the conceptual foundations of information systems.
Quay of Grenelle
Quay of Grenelle (French: Quai de Grenelle) is a 1950 French crime drama film directed by Emil-Edwin Reinert and starring Henri Vidal, Maria Mauban and Françoise Arnoul. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Lucien Aguettand. The film takes its title from a Paris street of the same name.

Emil-Edwin Reinert
Emil-Edwin Reinert, or Emile-Edwin Reinert, (16 March 1903 – 17 October 1953) was a French film director, screenwriter, audio engineer and producer.

Born in Rava-Ruska, Austria-Hungary in 1903, Reinert directed films in France, Great Britain, Switzerland and Austria as well he directed in co productions, associating different countries : Austria, France, Italy, West Germany, Great Britain and the United States. He died in Paris in 1953.
SQUOZE
SQUOZE (abbreviated as SQZ) is a memory-efficient representation of a combined source and relocatable object program file with a symbol table on punched cards which was introduced in 1958 with the SCAT assembler on the SHARE Operating System (SOS) for the IBM 709. A program in this format was called a SQUOZE deck. It was also used on later machines including the IBM 7090 and 7094.

SHARE Operating System
The SHARE Operating System (SOS) is an operating system introduced in 1959 by the SHARE user group. It is an improvement on the General Motors GM-NAA I/O operating system, the first operating system for the IBM 704. The main objective was to improve the sharing of programs.

The SHARE Operating System provided new methods to manage buffers and input/output devices. Like GM-NAA I/O, it allowed execution of programs written in assembly language.

SOS initially ran on the IBM 709 computer and was then ported to its transistorized successor, the IBM 7090.

A series of articles describing innovations in the system appears in the April 1959 Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery.

In 1962, IBM discontinued support for SOS and announced an entirely new (and incompatible) operating system, IBM 7090/94 IBSYS.
Dungu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Dungu (/ˈdʊŋɡuː/ DUUNG-goo) is a town in Haut-Uele Province located at the confluence of the Dungu and Kibali Rivers where they join to form the Uele River, south of the Garamba National Park. Dungu's terrain is wooded savannah, and its climate is tropical.

It is the administrative center of Dungu Territory.  It has a hospital, nursing school, high school, Internet cafe, and a cathedral—as it is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Doruma-Dungu.

Kibali River
The Kibali River is a tributary to the Uele River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It originates in the mountains near Lake Albert and flows west for about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) to join the Dungu River at Dungu where the Uele River is formed. The Uele is a tributary to the Ubangi River, which subsequently flows into the great Congo River.

4°9′N 22°26′E﻿ / ﻿4.150°N 22.433°E﻿ / 4.150; 22.433
Agios Prokopios
Agios Prokopios (Greek: Άγιος Προκόπιος) is a seaside village on the island of Naxos, Greece. It is known for its beaches on the Aegean and is a favorite tourist attraction.

At the 2021 census it numbered 182 residents.

Naxos
Naxos (/ˈnæksɒs, -soʊs/; Greek: Νάξος, pronounced [ˈnaksos]) is a Greek island belonging to the Cyclades island group. It is the largest island in the group. The largest town and capital of the island is Chora or Naxos City, with 8,897 inhabitants out of the total 20,578 in the island (2021 census). The main villages are Filoti, Apiranthos, Vivlos, Agios Arsenios, Koronos and Glynado. It was an important centre during the Bronze Age Cycladic Culture and in the Ancient Greek Archaic Period. The island is famous as a source of emery, a rock rich in corundum, which until modern times was one of the best abrasives available.
Nelder–Mead method
The Nelder–Mead method (also downhill simplex method, amoeba method, or polytope method) is a numerical method used to find a local minimum or maximum of an objective function in a multidimensional space. It is a direct search method (based on function comparison) and is often applied to nonlinear optimization problems for which derivatives may not be known. However, the Nelder–Mead technique is a heuristic search method that can converge to non-stationary points on problems that can be solved by alternative methods.

The Nelder–Mead technique was proposed by John Nelder and Roger Mead in 1965, as a development of the method of Spendley et al.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Charles Franklin Moss
Charles Franklin Moss (1878-1961) was an African American photographer and painter born in Winchester, Virginia. Moss' mother was born into slavery and his father was a mason. He showed interest in art early in his life and attended Cooper Union and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He was the first African American member of the Professional Photographers of America and reportedly designed the Flag of Pennsylvania. Moss spent most of his life in Pennsylvania and his works were later featured in exhibitions. He operated photography studios in Carlisle and Harrisburg, and a painting studio in Pittsburgh. He and his second wife, Sarah Virginia Townson, raised a family of twelve children.

Museum of the Shenandoah Valley
The Museum of the Shenandoah Valley (MSV) is a museum complex located in Winchester, Virginia, that opened in 2005. The institution comprises the museum building designed by architect Michael Graves, the historic Glen Burnie House, and a surrounding landscape of formal gardens.  The museum focuses on the art, history, and material culture of the Shenandoah Valley and its surrounding region.
Kjetil Møster
Kjetil Traavik Møster (born 17 June 1976) is a Norwegian jazz musician (tenor and soprano saxophones, clarinet and bass clarinet) and composer, known from bands like The Core, Ultralyd, Brat, Zanussi 5, and performance with Chick Corea at Moldejazz 2000, later released on CD.  He has also made his mark with experimental performances at the interface between electronic based fri-rock and jazz.

Datarock
Datarock is a Norwegian electronic rock band. The band, known for wearing red jumpsuits, formed in 2000. Original personnel were Fredrik Saroea, Ketil Mosnes and Kevin O'Brien, who soon hired Tom Mæland. O'Brien and Mæland later left the band, but the duo of Saroea and Mosnes continued the project.

Their name is derived from the Norwegian word for computer – datamaskin and the word rock (meaning rock music made on a computer).

As of 2018, they have switched out the red tracksuits with all-black tracksuits. The band currently consists of Fredrik Saroea, Ketil Mosnes, Øyvind Solheim and Stig Narve Brunstad.
How to Be Black
How to Be Black is a book written by the American comedian Baratunde Thurston. It is an autobiographical account of Thurston's life and upbringing and discusses stereotypes of African Americans, their social identities, and their relationships with their white peers.

In describing the book, Thurston said he hopes it exposes the reader to "another side of the black experience while offering practical, comedic advice based on [his] own painful lessons learned" and that "If you don't have a sense of humor this book will upset you greatly."

The book is a New York Times Best Seller.

Baratunde Thurston
Baratunde Rafiq Thurston (/ˌbærəˈtuːndeɪ/; born September 11, 1977) is an American writer, comedian, and commentator. Thurston co-founded the black political blog Jack and Jill Politics, whose coverage of the 2008 Democratic National Convention was archived in the Library of Congress, and was director of digital for The Onion. In 2012, his book How to Be Black became a New York Times bestseller.
Abercastle
Abercastle (Welsh: Abercastell) is a village in Pembrokeshire, Wales. Abercastle has a working harbour which is managed by Abercastle Boat Owners Association.

In 1876, The harbour was the landing-site of the first Atlantic Ocean single-handed sailing, west-to-east, starting from Gloucester, Massachusetts, by Alfred "Centennial" Johnson.

Single-handed sailing
The sport and practice of single-handed sailing or solo sailing is sailing with only one crewmember (i.e., only one person on board the vessel). The term usually refers to ocean and long-distance sailing and is used in competitive sailing and among cruisers.
Mount Cammerer
Mount Cammerer is a mountain on the northeastern fringe of the Great Smoky Mountains, in the southeastern United States. The mountain is situated on the state line between Cocke County, Tennessee, and Haywood County, North Carolina. The Appalachian Trail traverses Cammerer's south slope, and a restored fire lookout at the summit offers panoramic views of the eastern Smokies, Cocke County, and the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Although a narrow ridge connects Mt. Cammerer to a nearby higher knob, leaving Cammerer with a very low topographic prominence, the mountain is clearly visible from the surrounding mountains as well as from various points in the town of Cosby and along I-40 as it crosses Cocke County. Mt. Cammerer is a popular hiking destination, especially in Autumn during peak fall foliage.

Cosby, Tennessee
Cosby is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Cocke County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The population of the Cosby CDP according to the 2020 census was 807. The community has given its name to the northeastern section of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which forms its southern boundary. Cosby's zip code also extends to into Sevier County, and borders the town of Pittman Center.
João Moreira (jockey)
João Moreira (born September 26, 1983), is a Brazilian jockey with extensive experience riding in Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia, and Japan. In 2017, Andrew Harding of the Hong Kong Jockey Club described him by saying, "You would have to say he was one of Brazil's greatest sporting exports. Joao is becoming to global racing what Pele or Ronaldo are to football."

Able Friend
Able Friend (Chinese: 步步友: foaled 19 September 2009) is an Australian-bred, Hong Kong-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. After showing some promise when winning one of his two races in his native country, the gelding was transferred to race in Hong Kong in 2013. In the 2013/2014 season he established himself as one of the best milers in Hong Kong with four wins including the Hong Kong Classic Mile and the Chairman's Trophy from seven races. In the following season his wins in the Jockey Club Mile (2014) and Hong Kong Mile saw him rated among the best racehorses in the world. His International Rating of 127 made him the highest internationally rated Hong Kong racehorse ever. He was crowned as the Hong Kong Horse of the Year in 2015.
Shinkaichi Station
Shinkaichi Station (新開地駅, Shinkaichi-eki, station numbers: HS 36 (Hanshin, Hankyu), KB 01 (Shintetsu)) is a railway station operated by Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd., Hankyu Corporation and Kobe Electric Railway Co., Ltd. in the district of Shinkaichi, Hyogo-ku, Kobe opened on April 7, 1968.

Kobe Rapid Transit Railway Co., Ltd. owns the railway lines, and Hanshin, Hankyu and Shintetsu operate trains running on the lines.

Shinkaichi was originally at the heart of Kobe, but Kobe's central business district has shifted towards Sannomiya.

All 3 railway lines that stop at this station are named Kobe Kosoku Line.

Shinkaichi
Shinkaichi (新開地, Shinkaichi) is a district of Kobe, Japan. It is one of the major downtown areas in the city.

The name Shinkaichi means "newly opened area". It was named so because the district was newly developed after moving the Minato-gawa (river) from this area to the west end of the city in the early 20th century. Before World War II and the air raid on Kobe by the Allied forces in 1945, this district was the largest section of downtown Kobe.

From the 1920s to the 1940s, this district was also famous as a "town of theaters". However, after such theaters lost their popularity during the 1960s, this district rapidly lost its status.
Balally Luas stop
Balally (Irish: Baile Amhlaoibh) is a stop on the Luas light-rail tram system in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, County Dublin, Ireland. It opened in 2004 as a stop on the Green Line and serves Dundrum Town Centre, the southern area of Dundrum and the nearby suburbs of Balally and Goatstown. The stop is located at the junction at the side of Overend Avenue.

Balally
Balally (Irish: Baile Amhlaoibh, meaning 'Olafs' Town'), County Dublin, Ireland, is a townland and residential area between Dundrum village and the Sandyford Industrial Estate in Sandyford.

Balally Parish itself reaches from Ardglas to the M50 motorway. The area is served by two primary schools (St. Olaf's National School and Queen of Angels) and two secondary schools (St. Tiernan's and Wesley College). Balally is part of the conurbation of Greater Dublin, in the council area of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. The area contains a Luas tram station, located near the southern entrance to the new Dundrum Town Centre.
Salep
Salep, also spelled sahlep, salepi or sahlab, is a flour made from the tubers of the orchid genus Orchis (including species Orchis mascula and Orchis militaris). These tubers contain a nutritious, starchy polysaccharide called glucomannan. Salep flour is consumed in beverages and desserts, especially in the cuisines of the former Byzantines and Ottoman, notably in the Levant where it is a traditional winter beverage. An increase in consumption is causing local extinctions of orchids in parts of Greece, Turkey, and Iran.

Ottoman cuisine
Ottoman cuisine is the cuisine of the Ottoman Empire and its continuation in the cuisines of Greece, Turkey, the Balkans (with Hungary and Moldova included), the Caucasus, the Middle East and Northern Africa.
Marianne Simson
Marianne Simson (July 29, 1920 – July 15, 1992) was a German dancer and film actress.

She was born in Berlin as the daughter of an insurance clerk John Edward Simson. Her brother was Helmut Simson, who later served as mayor of Wolfsburg. Originally trained as a ballerina, she made her screen debut in Frisions in Distress (1935) and went on to appear in another seventeen films over the next decade, generally in supporting roles.

In 1944 she informed on a Germany army major to the Gestapo for allegedly making comments supportive of the 20 July plot  to assassinate Adolf Hitler. Following the defeat of Germany, Simson was arrested by the Soviet NKVD and placed in a series of detention camps. In 1950 she was sentenced to eight years in prison at the Waldheim Trials, but was given an early release in 1952 and moved to West Germany. She worked as a choreographer in some stage productions, and married the theatre director Wilhelm List Diehl.

Frisians in Peril
Frisians in Peril (German: Friesennot) is a 1935 German drama film directed by Peter Hagen and starring Friedrich Kayßler, Jessie Vihrog and Valéry Inkijinoff. Made for Nazi propaganda purposes, it concerns a village of ethnic Frisians in Russia.

It was shot at the Grunewald Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert A. Dietrich and Bernhard Schwidewski. Location shooting took place around the Lüneburg Heath near Bispingen. It premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo in the German capital.
Russell Hornsby
Russell Hornsby (born May 15, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Edward "Eddie" Sutton on ABC Family's Lincoln Heights, as Luke on the HBO drama In Treatment, as Detective Hank Griffin on the NBC series Grimm, and as Lyons in the movie Fences. He also played Carl Gatewood in the Showtime TV series The Affair, and as Charles Flenory in BMF.

The Affair (TV series)
The Affair is an American drama television series created by Sarah Treem and Hagai Levi. The series premiered on Showtime on October 12, 2014.   It ran for five seasons, concluding with its final episode on November 3, 2019.

The series primarily stars Dominic West, Ruth Wilson, Maura Tierney, and Joshua Jackson, and it explores the emotional effects of extramarital relationships. Episodes are often separated into two parts, with each half being told from the point of view of a specific character. The use of this dramatic device has been used by Treem to describe The Affair as "the Rashomon of relationship dramas".

The series won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama and Wilson won for Best Actress – Television Series Drama at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015. At the 73rd Golden Globe Awards in 2016, Maura Tierney won the award for Best Supporting Actress.
Seda Bakan
Seda Bakan (born 10 October 1985) is a Turkish actress.

She is best known for comedy roles in films, and for portraying Eda in the hit crime series Behzat Ç. and Feyyza in the hit comedy series Kardeş Payı. She played in the movie Arif V 216, which as of April 2021 is the 10th most-watched movie of all time in Turkey according to Box Office.

Arif V 216
Arif V 216 is a 2018 Turkish comedy film directed by Kıvanç Baruönü and written by Cem Yılmaz. It stars Cem Yılmaz, Ozan Güven, Seda Bakan, Zafer Algöz and Özkan Uğur. It is a sequel to A.R.O.G (2008) and G.O.R.A (2004).
Castlepalooza
Castlepalooza was an annual Irish independent music & Arts Festival, held at Charleville Castle in Tullamore, County Offaly. The festival began in 2005 and was held annually until 2018.

The 2006 festival was described by Hot Press as a "bite-sized Electric Picnic, held in the grounds of a 17th-century castle, with the added bonus of indoor toilets and showers". The festival was described by The Sunday Business Post as "The best little music festival in Ireland".

In February 2019, the festival's promoters announced that Castlepalooza would be taking a break, would not be running that year and were looking to alter their format. This haitus was further extended due to the COVID-19 pandemic which ruled out a return in 2020 and 2021, leading to the festival's demise.

Codes (band)
Codes are an Irish indie electronic quartet from Dublin, consisting of Daragh Anderson, Eoin Stephens, Niall Woods and Raymond Hogge. Their debut album Trees Dream in Algebra was nominated for the 2010 Choice Music Prize.
1994 Dudley West by-election
A by-election was held for the UK House of Commons constituency of Dudley West on 15 December 1994 following the death of the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) John Blackburn.

The result was a Labour gain from the Conservatives, on one of the largest swings since the Second World War. This was the first significant sign of the changed political climate following the election of Tony Blair as Labour leader, which would eventually lead to Labour's landslide victory in the 1997 general election. Labour gained nearly 70% of the votes, whereas the Conservative candidate attracted fewer than 20% of the votes.

John Blackburn (politician)
John Graham Blackburn (2 September 1933 – 12 October 1994) was a Conservative Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom.  He represented the constituency of Dudley West from 1979 until his death in 1994.
RMS Rhone
RMS Rhone was a UK Royal Mail Ship owned by the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (RMSP). She was wrecked off the coast of Salt Island in the British Virgin Islands on 29 October 1867 in a hurricane, killing 123 people. She is now a popular Caribbean wreck dive site.

Wreck diving
Wreck diving is recreational diving where the wreckage of ships, aircraft and other artificial structures are explored. The term is used mainly by recreational and technical divers. Professional divers, when diving on a shipwreck, generally refer to the specific task, such as salvage work, accident investigation or archaeological survey. Although most wreck dive sites are at shipwrecks, there is an increasing trend to scuttle retired ships to create artificial reef sites. Diving to crashed aircraft can also be considered wreck diving. The recreation of wreck diving makes no distinction as to how the vessel ended up on the bottom.

Some wreck diving involves penetration of the wreckage, making a direct ascent to the surface impossible for a part of the dive.