hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adhik Kadam
Adhik Kadam is an Indian social entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is on a peacebuilding and peacekeeping mission, working in the conflict zones of Jammu and Kashmir. Kadam has completed a master's degree in political science. He is a co-founder and the chairman of Borderless World Foundation, which is an NGO that works for the deprived and victimized people of the border areas of India. The NGO runs five orphanage homes for girls in five districts of Jammu and Kashmir.

Kupwara
Kupwara (Urdu pronunciation: [kʊpʋɑːɽɑː] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [kɔpʋoːr]) is a city, District headquarter and a municipal council in Kupwara district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Municipal council Kupwara is an Urban Local Body with elected members  which administers the city Municipality.
Sharpsburg, Maryland
Sharpsburg is a town in Washington County, Maryland. The town is about 13 miles (21 km) south of Hagerstown. Its population was 560 at the 2020 census.

During the American Civil War, the Battle of Antietam—referred to as the Battle of Sharpsburg by the South—was fought on what is now Antietam National Battlefield, in the vicinity of Antietam Creek.

Antietam Creek
Antietam Creek (/ænˈtiːtəm/) is a 41.7-mile-long (67.1 km) tributary of the Potomac River located in south central Pennsylvania and western Maryland in the United States, a region known as the Hagerstown Valley. The creek became famous as a focal point of the Battle of Antietam during the American Civil War.
Gilling and Pickering line
The Gilling and Pickering line (G&P) was a railway line that ran from Gilling to Pickering in North Yorkshire, England.

The line was opened in stages between 1871 and 1875 and linked up with the Thirsk and Malton line (T&M) at Gilling and the York and North Midland Railway at Pickering. The line connected the settlements of Helmsley, Kirkbymoorside, Nawton, Nunnington and Sinnington to others parts of the North Eastern Railway (NER) network. Closure to passengers came on 2 February 1953, with complete closure to all traffic on 10 August 1964.

Pickering railway station
Pickering railway station is the southern terminus of the North Yorkshire Moors Railway and serves the town of Pickering in North Yorkshire, England. The first railway arrived in Pickering from the north in 1836, however, it wasn't until the railway was connected from the south in 1845, that the current station was built. The station was closed by British Railways in March 1965, but since 1975, the station has served as the southern terminus of the North York Moors Railway.

The main building of the station, including the station house and retaining walls, is a grade II listed building.
Comer's Midden
Comer's Midden was a 1916 archaeological excavation site at Uummannaq, known as Dundas in English, north of Mt. Dundas in the Thule area of North Star Bay, in northern Greenland. It is the find after which the Thule culture was named. The site was first excavated in 1916 by whaling Captain George Comer, ice master of the Crocker Land Expedition's relief team, and of members of Knud Rasmussen's Second Danish Thule Expedition who were in the area charting the North Greenland coast.

George Comer
Captain George Comer (April 1858 – 1937) was considered the most famous American whaling captain of Hudson Bay, and the world's foremost authority on Hudson Bay Inuit in the early 20th century.

Comer was a polar explorer, whaler/sealer, ethnologist, cartographer, author, and photographer.  He made 14 Arctic and three Antarctic voyages in his lifetime.  These expeditions (ca. 1875–1919) commonly began in New London, Connecticut or New Bedford, Massachusetts. Comer's circle of friends and colleagues included other notable explorers of the time, such as Robert Peary and Capt. Frederick Cook, and his mentor, Franz Boas, the "Father of American Anthropology".
Murphy drip
A Murphy drip is a rectal infusion apparatus to administer the medical procedure of proctoclysis, also known as rectoclysis. During the procedure, an end of the Murphy drip is inserted into the rectum and large quantities of liquid are infused into the rectum drop by drop. Prior to fluids or medicines being given intravenously, the Murphy drip and hypodermoclysis were the prime routes to administer fluids such as for replacement when patients could not be fed by mouth. American surgeon John Benjamin Murphy introduced the drip method of saline infusion per rectum in the treatment of peritonitis.
The Murphy drip can be used for administering drugs by this route and the apparatus is also used in conjunction with a catheter for bladder irrigation.
The term can be applied to apparatus used to administer fluids intravenously.

Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

Routes of administration are generally classified by the  location at which the substance is applied.  Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is.  Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but is delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Route of administration and dosage form are aspects of drug delivery.
Maman (sculpture)
Maman (1999) is a bronze, stainless steel, and marble sculpture in several locations by the artist Louise Bourgeois. The sculpture, which depicts a spider, is among the world's largest, measuring over 30 ft high and over 33 ft wide (9.27 x 8.91 x 10.24 metres). It includes a sac containing 32 marble eggs and its abdomen and thorax are made of rubbed bronze.

The title is the familiar French word for Mother (akin to Mummy or Mommy). The sculpture was created in 1999 by Bourgeois as a part of her inaugural commission of The Unilever Series (2000), in the Turbine Hall at London's Tate Modern. This original was created in steel, with an edition of six subsequent castings in bronze.

Bourgeois chose the Modern Art Foundry to cast the sculpture because of its reputation and work.

Louise Bourgeois
Louise Joséphine Bourgeois (French: [lwiz buʁʒwa] ⓘ; 25 December 1911 – 31 May 2010) was a French-American artist. Although she is best known for her large-scale sculpture and installation art, Bourgeois was also a prolific painter and printmaker. She explored a variety of themes over the course of her long career including domesticity and the family, sexuality and the body, as well as death and the unconscious. These themes connect to events from her childhood which she considered to be a therapeutic process. Although Bourgeois exhibited with the abstract expressionists and her work has a lot in common with Surrealism and feminist art, she was not formally affiliated with a particular artistic movement.
Hey Now (London Grammar song)
"Hey Now" is a song by British trip hop trio London Grammar from their debut studio album If You Wait (2013). It was released in the United Kingdom on 16 March 2014 as a digital download. It has peaked at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart, and has also charted in France. It was written by Hannah Reid, Dot Major, Daniel Rothman and produced by Tim Bran, Roy Kerr and London Grammar.

London Grammar
London Grammar are an English indie pop band formed in Nottingham in 2009. The band consists of Hannah Reid, Dan Rothman, and Dominic "Dot" Major. Their debut extended play, Metal & Dust, was released in 2013 by Metal & Dust Recordings; their debut album, If You Wait (2013), reached No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified Double Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The band's next two studio albums, Truth Is a Beautiful Thing (2017) and  
Californian Soil (2021), both reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart.
Dekema Records
Dekema Records is a record label that first achieved notice in the 1990s for releasing the EP "Stripped" by the seminal grunge rock group the Fire Ants. Dekema used  music producer Jack Endino to record the band at Word of Mouth studios in 1992. Endino is best known for producing "Bleach" by Nirvana and his work with Sub Pop artists such as Mudhoney and Soundgarden.

The Fire Ants were a "super group" that formed during the big major label-signing era of Seattle bands. Members of the band included Brian and Kevin Wood (brothers of Andrew Wood, formerly of Mother Love Bone), Chad Channing (formerly of Nirvana) and Dan McDonald (former bassist for Native Messiah and Strait Face). Prior to the Fire Ants, Kevin and Andrew Wood both performed in the band Malfunkshun.

In 2015, "Stripped" was remastered by Jack Endino and released as a Deluxe Edition with an additional nine demo tracks included.

Chad Channing
Chad Channing (born January 31, 1967, in Santa Rosa, California) is an American musician who is best known as the drummer of the rock band Nirvana from 1988 to 1990, during which time they recorded and released their debut album Bleach; he also appears on "Polly" in the follow-up album Nevermind. He currently sings and plays bass in the band Before Cars.
Imaginary Crimes
Imaginary Crimes is a 1994 American period drama film directed by Anthony Drazan, and starring Harvey Keitel, Fairuza Balk, Kelly Lynch, Vincent D'Onofrio, Seymour Cassel, and Elisabeth Moss. An adaptation of Sheila Ballantyne's 1982 semi-autobiographical novel of the same name, it follows a widowed con artist attempting to raise his two daughters in 1962 Portland, Oregon.

Sheila Ballantyne
Sheila Caroline Ballantyne (née Weibert; July 26, 1937 – May 2, 2007) was an American novelist and short story writer. Her work primarily focused on the shifting roles of women during first-wave feminism.
ZFS
ZFS (previously Zettabyte File System) is a file system with volume management capabilities. It began as part of the Sun Microsystems Solaris operating system in 2001. Large parts of Solaris, including ZFS,  were published under an open source license as OpenSolaris for around 5 years from 2005 before being placed under a closed source license when Oracle Corporation acquired Sun in 2009–2010. During 2005 to 2010, the open source version of ZFS was ported to Linux, Mac OS X (continued as MacZFS) and FreeBSD. In 2010, the illumos project forked a then-recent version of OpenSolaris, including ZFS, to continue its development as an open source project. In 2013, OpenZFS was founded to coordinate the development of open source ZFS. OpenZFS maintains and manages the core ZFS code, while organizations using ZFS maintain the specific code and validation processes required for ZFS to integrate within their systems. OpenZFS is widely used in Unix-like systems.

Fsck
The system utility fsck (file system check) is a tool for checking the consistency of a file system in Unix and Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. The equivalent programs on MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows are CHKDSK, SFC, and SCANDISK.
The Immortal (2018 film)
The Immortal (Vietnamese: Người Bất Tử) is a 2018 Vietnamese film directed by Victor Vu. The twelfth feature film by Vu, it tells the story of a man who has lived for three centuries after making himself immortal through dark magic. It premiered in the United States at the 11th Viet Film Fest in 2019 and won the Award for Best Cinematography for a Feature film.

Victor Vu
Victor Vu (Vietnamese: Vũ Quốc Việt; born November 25, 1975) is a Vietnamese-American film director, writer and producer. His films include Blood Letter (2012), Yellow Flowers on the Green Grass (2015), and Dreamy Eyes (2019), the latter two of which were Vietnam's official entries to the Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film. Described as one of the country's most prolific filmmakers, Vu has been credited with helping grow the Vietnamese film industry in the 2010s.
Pardosa danica
Pardosa danica is a wolf spider species endemic to Mols Bjerge in Denmark. It is only known from a single specimen that was found in 1883 and currently is on display at the Copenhagen Zoological Museum. The exact site where it was found was covered in heathers, but is now covered with bushes and trees. However, significant patches of heathers remain nearby. Wolf spiders are generally quite conspicuous and the spider fauna of Mols Bjerge has been intensely studied. Its apparent disappearance is a mystery and it is considered possibly extinct.

University of Copenhagen Zoological Museum
The Copenhagen Zoological Museum (Danish: Zoologisk Museum) was a separate zoological museum in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is now a part of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, which is affiliated with the University of Copenhagen. The separate museum location closed in 2022, but will reopen in 2025 (as part of the combined Natural History Museum) in new and considerably larger buildings in the northeastern corner of the Copenhagen Botanical Garden. Although the museum will be relocated, the research and storage facilities at its old location have been maintained.
Fourmies, Nord
Fourmies (French pronunciation: [fuʁmi]) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. The inhabitants are called Fourmisiens. It lies on the river Helpe Mineure (Helpe Minor or Little Helpe). Since 2015, Fourmies has been the seat of the Canton of Fourmies, an administrative division of the Nord department. The canton was created at the French canton reorganization which came into effect in March 2015.

Canton of Fourmies
The canton of Fourmies is an administrative division of the Nord department, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Fourmies.

It consists of the following communes:
Timation
The Timation satellites were conceived, developed, and launched by the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. beginning in 1964. The concept of Timation was to broadcast an accurate time reference for use as a ranging signal to receivers on the ground.

On 31 May 1967, the Timation 1 satellite was launched. This was followed by the Timation 2 (NRL-PL 169) satellite launch in 1969.

In 1973 the U.S. Navy Timation and the Air Force System 621B navigation system (known as the DNSS - Defense Navigation Satellite System) are consolidated by the Deputy Secretary of Defense.

Two more advanced Timation satellites are launched. NTS-1 - Navigation Technology Satellite (Timation 3) is launched in 1974, while NTS-2 (Timation 4) is launched in 1977.

The results of this program and Air Force Project 621B formed the basis for the Global Positioning System (GPS). The Navy's contribution to the GPS program continued to be focused on ever more accurate clocks.

United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. Located in Washington, DC, it was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma physics, space physics, materials science, and tactical electronic warfare. NRL is one of the first US government scientific R&D laboratories, having opened in 1923 at the instigation of Thomas Edison, and is currently under the Office of Naval Research.

As of 2016, NRL was a Navy Working Capital Fund activity, which means it is not a line-item in the US Federal Budget. Instead of direct funding from Congress, all costs, including overhead, were recovered through sponsor-funded research projects. NRL's research expenditures were approximately $1 billion per year.
Teenage Superstars
Teenage Superstars is a 2017 film about the Glasgow independent music scene between 1982 and 1992, focusing on the bands that emerged from in and around the city at this point including The Pastels, BMX Bandits, The Soup Dragons, Teenage Fanclub, The Vaselines, The Jesus and Mary Chain and Primal Scream. In doing so, the film also considers the early days of Creation Records and Stephen Pastel, David Keegan and Sandy McLean’s 53rd & 3rd record label. The film follows on chronologically from 2015's Big Gold Dream, also directed by Grant McPhee, with its title taken from The Vaselines song "Teenage Superstars".

The Vaselines
The Vaselines are a Scottish alternative rock band. Formed in Glasgow in 1986, the band was originally a duo between its songwriters Eugene Kelly and Frances McKee, but later added James Seenan and Eugene's brother Charlie Kelly on bass and drums respectively from the band Secession.

McKee had formerly been a member of a band named the Pretty Flowers with Duglas T. Stewart, Norman Blake, Janice McBride and Sean Dickson. Eugene Kelly had formerly played in the Famous Monsters.
Mitsuru Manaka
Mitsuru Manaka (真中 満, born January 6, 1971, in Tochigi, Tochigi, Japan) is a former Nippon Professional Baseball outfielder. On October 8, 2014, he was named manager of the Tokyo Yakult Swallows, replacing Junji Ogawa.  Manaka had previously been managing the Swallows' farm team.

Tokyo Yakult Swallows
The Tokyo Yakult Swallows (Japanese: 東京ヤクルトスワローズ, Hepburn: Tōkyō Yakuruto Suwarōzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team competing in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League. Based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, they are one of two professional baseball teams in Tokyo, the other being the Yomiuri Giants. They have won nine Central League championships and six Japan Series championships. Since 1964, they have played their home games at Meiji Jingu Stadium.

The Swallows are named after their corporate owners, Yakult Honsha. From 1950 to 1965, the team was owned by the former Japanese National Railways (known as Kokutetsu (国鉄) in Japanese) and called the Kokutetsu Swallows; the team was then owned by the newspaper Sankei Shimbun from 1965 to 1968 and called the Sankei Atoms. Yakult purchased the team in 1970 and renamed it the Yakult Atoms, before renaming it again as the Yakult Swallows in 1974, and then the Tokyo Yakult Swallows in 2006.
Christine (musical)
Christine is a musical by Pearl S. Buck and Charles K. Peck Jr. (book), Paul Francis Webster (lyrics) and Sammy Fain (music). Loosely based on the 1945 novel My Indian Family by Hilda Wernher, it tells the story of a woman who travels to India where she ends up falling in love with her recently widowed Indian son-in-law. Notable for the involvement of Pulitzer and Nobel prize-winning author Pearl S. Buck, the musical premiered on Broadway in 1960.

Sammy Fain
Sammy Fain (born Samuel E. Feinberg; June 17, 1902 – December 6, 1989) was an American composer of popular music. In the 1920s and early 1930s, he contributed numerous songs that form part of The Great American Songbook, and to Broadway theatre.
Casimir Dudevant
François Casimir Dudevant (6 July 1795 – 8 March 1871) was the illegitimate son of Baron Jean-François Dudevant (1754–1826), a French military officer, and his mistress Augustine Soulé.

On 10 December 1822, Dudevant married Aurore Dupin, who became well known as an author using the name George Sand. Before separating in 1830, they had two children: Maurice (1823–1889) and Solange (1828–1899), who married the artist Auguste Clésinger in 1847.

Dudevant was born in Guillery and died in Barbaste.

George Sand
Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil (French: [amɑ̃tin lysil oʁɔʁ dypɛ̃]; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (French: [ʒɔʁʒ(ə) sɑ̃d]), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist. Being more renowned than either Victor Hugo or Honoré de Balzac in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s, Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era. She has more than 50 volumes of various works to her credit, including tales, plays and political texts, alongside her 70 novels.

Like her great-grandmother, Louise Dupin, whom she admired, George Sand advocated for women's rights and passion, criticized the institution of marriage, and fought against the prejudices of a conservative society. She was considered scandalous because of her turbulent love life, her adoption of masculine clothing, and her masculine pseudonym.
Wedell-Williams Model 44
The Wedell-Williams Model 44 is a racing aircraft, four examples of which were built in the United States in the early 1930s by the Wedell-Williams Air Service Corporation. It began as a rebuilding of the partnership's successful We-Will 1929 racer, but soon turned into a completely new racing monoplane aircraft, powered by a large radial engine. Model 44s became the dominant racers of the 1930s, setting innumerable records including setting a new world speed record in 1933.

The only surviving Model 44 is on display at the Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum, Cleveland, Ohio. Three replica Model 44s are on display at the Wedell-Williams Aviation & Cypress Sawmill Museum, Patterson, Louisiana.

Roscoe Turner
Roscoe Turner (September 29, 1895 – June 23, 1970) was a record-breaking American aviator who was a three-time winner of the Thompson Trophy air race and widely recognized by his flamboyant style and his pet, Gilmore the Lion. He also founded a US domestic airline, ultimately called Lake Central Airlines, that in 1968 merged into Allegheny Airlines, the predecessor to US Airways.
Garry Birtles
Garry Birtles (born 27 July 1956) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a forward in the Football League between the 1970s and 1990s. He is best known for his time at Nottingham Forest, during which he won the 1979 and 1980 European Cup Finals. He was also capped three times by England. He is the cousin of actress Sherrie Hewson.

Sherrie Hewson
Sherrie Lynn Hutchinson (born 17 September 1950), known professionally as Sherrie Hewson, is an English actress, television personality and novelist.

She is known for her roles as Maureen Holdsworth in Coronation Street (1993–1997, 2006), Virginia Raven in Crossroads (2001–2003), Lesley Meredith in Emmerdale (2004–2006), Joyce Temple-Savage in Benidorm (2012–2018) and Martha Blake in Hollyoaks (2024–2025).

Hewson was also a main panellist on lunchtime chat show Loose Women (2003–2017) and came sixth place in Celebrity Big Brother in 2015. She has also appeared as Doreen Nesbitt (1979-1980) and Mary Henshaw in In Loving Memory (1984–1986) and as Jean in Barbara (1999–2003) on television, and has starred in the films Carry On Behind (1975), The Slipper and the Rose (1976) and Hanover Street (1979). Hewson has also written three books including a fiction book and a cookery book.
Último Bondi a Finisterre
Último Bondi a Finisterre (Last Bus to Finisterre) is the ninth album by Argentine rock band Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota, released in 1998. This is a more particular of the albums of the band, since they use samplers and sound effects in most of the recording. Besides the use of darker themes in the songs.

Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota
Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota, also known simply as Patricio Rey, Los Redondos or Los Redonditos de Ricota, was a rock band formed in La Plata, Argentina. The group was active from the mid 70s up to the early 2000s. They are known for shaping Argentine rock and their enormous fan base.