hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Little Hormead
Little Hormead is a village in the civil parish of Hormead, in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies 2 miles (3 km) east of the town of Buntingford.

St Mary's Church dates from the 11th century. It is no longer in use as a church, and is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

Little Hormead and neighbouring Great Hormead were historically separate parishes. They were merged into a single parish called Hormead in 1937. At the 1931 census (the last before the abolition of the parish), Little Hormead had a population of 149.

St Mary's Church, Little Hormead
St Mary's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Little Hormead, Hertfordshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.  The church is particularly noted for its Norman door, made of wood and ironwork. It is described as a "work of outstanding importance", and a "rare and precious survival".
Höstena springs
Höstena springs (Swedish: Höstena källor) are the collective name for several springs in Ljungby, Falkenberg, Sweden.

The largest of the springs is Kalle brunnar, which actually consists of two springs close to each other. The water from the springs ends up in the river Ätran. The springs were previously called Larängs källor. The minor of the springs has been closed.

Rangeli brunnar/Ragnhilds källa can be found a few hundred meters south west of Kalle brunnar. It is associated with several legends. A third spring, Lyngbacka-källan, is associated with legends as well.

Ljungby, Falkenberg
Ljungby is a former parish in Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden.
The name is most likely derived from the conjunction of ljung (Calluna) and by (village). It is confirmed in written sources from at least 1267. Two conurbations exist within the parish borders; Ljungby/Lilla Ljungby and Bergagård. A minor part of Ätrafors is also within the parish boundary.
Battle of Puerto Caballos (1603)
The Battle of Puerto Caballos was a military event during the Anglo–Spanish War to capture the Spanish town and port of Puerto Caballos (present-day Puerto Cortés, Honduras) on 17 February 1603 by an English fleet under Christopher Newport and Michael Geare. The English were able to achieve victory after a bitter fight. Two Spanish galleons were captured, one of which was subsequently burned. The Anglo-French consortium occupied the area and after two weeks withdrew with captured booty.

Puerto Cortés
Puerto Cortés, originally known as Puerto de Caballos, is a port city and municipality on the north Caribbean coast of Honduras, right on the Laguna de Alvarado, north of San Pedro Sula and east of Omoa, with a natural bay. The present city was founded in the early colonial period.  It grew rapidly in the twentieth century, thanks to the then railroad, and banana production. In terms of volume of traffic the seaport is the largest in Central America and the 36th largest in the world. The city of Puerto Cortés has a population of 73,150 (2023 calculation).
Saraswati Devi (music director)
Saraswati Devi, born Khorshed Minocher-Homji (1912 – 9 August 1980), was an Indian director of music and score composer who worked in Hindi cinema in the 1930s and 1940s. She  is most noted for her score, Mein Ban ki Chiriyra Banke Bun Bun Bolun Re in Bombay Talkies's Achut Kanya (1936). She along with Nargis' mother & Sanjay Dutt's grandmother Jaddanbai and Bibbo are considered to be one of the first female music composers in Indian cinema.

Bhatkhande Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya
Bhatkhande Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya (BSV), formerly Bhatkhande Music Institute Deemed University (2000-2022), Bhatkhande College of Hindustani Music (1966-2000) and Marris College of Music (1926-1966), is a state university in Lucknow. Co-founded in 1926 by Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, it was declared a deemed university by University Grants Commission (UGC) in 2000, and upgraded into a state university in 2022 by The Bhatkhande Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya Act, 2022. It offers music education in Vocal Music, Instrumental, Rhythms, Dance, Musicology and Research and Applied Music.
Ludwinów, Gmina Jędrzejów
Ludwinów [ludˈvinuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jędrzejów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south of Jędrzejów and 38 km (24 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Jędrzejów
Gmina Jędrzejów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Jędrzejów, which lies approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 227.52 square kilometres (87.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 29,178 (out of which the population of Jędrzejów amounts to 16,577, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 12,601).
Duochrome test
A duochrome test is a test commonly used to refine the final sphere in refraction (under-correction and over-correction), which makes use of the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye. Because of the chromatic aberration of the eye, the shorter wavelengths (green) are focused in front of the longer red wavelengths. It is assumed that best vision is attained when the yellow wavelengths are focused on the retina.

Chromatic aberration
In optics, chromatic aberration (CA), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements varies with the wavelength of light. The refractive index of most transparent materials decreases with increasing wavelength. Since the focal length of a lens depends on the refractive index, this variation in refractive index affects focusing. Since the focal length of the lens varies with the color of the light, different colors of light are brought to focus at different distances from the lens or with different levels of magnification. Chromatic aberration manifests itself as "fringes" of color along boundaries that separate dark and bright parts of the image.
John Emilius Fauquier
Air Commodore John Emilius Fauquier, DSO & Two Bars, DFC (19 March 1909 – 3 April 1981) was a Canadian aviator and Second World War Bomber Command leader. He commanded No. 405 Squadron RCAF and later No. 617 Squadron RAF (the Dambusters) over the course of the war. A bush pilot prior to the war, he joined the Royal Canadian Air Force as a flight instructor in 1939. He then joined 405 Squadron in 1941 and would fly operationally for the rest of the war, taking a drop in rank on one occasion to return to active command. During his three tours of operation he participated in Operation Hydra and dozens of other sorties over Europe.

No. 617 Squadron RAF
No. 617 Squadron is a Royal Air Force aircraft squadron commonly known as The Dambusters for its actions during Operation Chastise against German dams during the Second World War, originally based at RAF Scampton in Lincolnshire and currently based at RAF Marham in Norfolk. In the early 21st century it operated the Panavia Tornado GR4 in the ground attack and reconnaissance role until being disbanded on 28 March 2014. The Dambusters reformed on 18 April 2018, and was equipped at RAF Marham in June 2018 with the Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning, becoming the first squadron to be based in the UK with this advanced STOVL type. The unit is composed of both RAF and Royal Navy personnel, and operates from the Royal Navy's Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers.
Josh Roseman
Josh Roseman (born 5 June 1967) is an American jazz trombonist. His nickname is "Mr. Bone". He studied in Newton North High School.

Roseman was born in Boston, and studied at the New England Conservatory of Music. Roseman toured Jamaica with The Skatalites and in Australia with the Christopher Hale Ensemble. He has also played with Steve Coleman, Dave Holland, Dave Douglas, Don Byron, John Zorn, Charlie Hunter, Mike Gordon, Soulive, Groove Collective, and Me'Shell Ndegeocello.

Roseman has led sessions for Enja Records as The Josh Roseman Unit. His sidemen include Peter Apfelbaum, Barney McAll, Ben Monder, Jonathan Maron, Billy Kilson, Ted Poor, Tony Barba, and Kirk Knuffke and special guests on the albums include Chris Potter, Liberty Ellman, Ben Perowsky, and Mark Feldman.

Liberty Ellman
Liberty Ellman (born July 17, 1971) is a jazz guitarist born in London and raised in the United States, beginning in New York City. In the early 1980s, Ellman's family moved to California. Before leaving New York, he attended City and Country School in Greenwich Village.
SULT2B1
Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT2B1 gene.

Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic chemical compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are different in their tissue distributions and substrate specificities. The gene structure (number and length of exons) is similar among family members. This gene sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone but not 4-nitrophenol, a typical substrate for the phenol and estrogen sulfotransferase subfamilies. Two alternatively spliced variants that encode different isoforms have been described.

Sulfotransferase
In biochemistry, sulfotransferases (SULTs) are transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group (R−SO−3) from a donor molecule to an acceptor alcohol (R−OH) or amine (R−NH2). The most common sulfo group donor is  3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). In the case of alcohol as acceptor, the product is a sulfate (R−OSO−3):

whereas an amine leads to a sulfamate (R−NH−SO−3):

Both reactive groups for a sulfonation via sulfotransferases may be part of a protein, lipid, carbohydrate or steroid.
Nuka-Jūtakumae Station
Nuka-Jūtakumae Station (額住宅前駅, Nukajūtaku-mae-eki) is a railway station on the Hokuriku Railroad Ishikawa Line in the city of Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Hokuriku Railroad (Hokutetsu).

Kanazawa
Kanazawa (金沢市, Kanazawa-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.naꜜ.(d)za.wa, ka.na.(d)za.waꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital of Ishikawa Prefecture in central Japan. As of 1 January 2018, the city had an estimated population of 466,029 in 203,271 households, and a population density of 990 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 468.64 square kilometres (180.94 sq mi).
The Airmail Mystery
The Airmail Mystery is a 1932 Universal pre-Code movie serial directed by Ray Taylor, written by Ella O'Neill, starring James Flavin and Wheeler Oakman, and featuring Al Wilson doing the aerial stunts. The Airmail Mystery was Universal's first aviation serial that set the pattern for the aviation serials and feature films to follow. The film also marks the film debut of James Flavin. The Airmail Mystery is considered a lost film.

Ella O'Neill (screenwriter)
Ella O'Neill was an American screenwriter who penned B movies and serials at Universal in the 1930s. She worked primarily in the action, Western, and detective genres. She had been a practicing attorney in Chicago before she became a serial writer, and she was noted as a language expert.
Rain or Shine (musical)
Rain or Shine is a musical in two acts with music by Milton Ager and Owen Murphy, lyrics by Jack Yellen, and a book by James Gleason and Maurice Marks. Set in Higginstown, Rhode Island, the musical takes place within a circus and features a variety of circus acts in addition to the typical song and dance numbers from a musical of its time period. It was one of several hit Broadway musicals in 1928.

Milton Ager
Milton Ager  (October 6, 1893 – May 6, 1979) was an American composer, regarded as one of the top songwriters of the 1920s and 1930s.  His most lasting compositions include "Ain't She Sweet” and “Happy Days Are Here Again”.
Joan Hackett
Joan Ann Hackett (March 1, 1934 – October 8, 1983) was an American actress. She acted in film, television, and theatre. She played roles in The Group (1966), Will Penny (1968), Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969), The Last of Sheila (1973), and The Terminal Man (1974). In 1982, Hackett was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress; she was also the recipient of a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture, for her performance as Toby Landau in the 1981 film Only When I Laugh. Hackett was also nominated during the course of her career for a Primetime Emmy Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Golden Laurel Award; she was also the recipient of an Obie Award, a Drama Desk Award, and a Theatre World Award. In 1978, she starred as Christine Mannon in the PBS miniseries version of Mourning Becomes Electra.

Richard Mulligan
Richard Mulligan (November 13, 1932 – September 26, 2000) was an American character actor. He was known for his roles in the sitcoms Soap (1977–1981) and Empty Nest (1988–1995). Mulligan was the winner of two Emmy Awards (1980 and 1989) and one Golden Globe Award (1989). He was the younger brother of film director Robert Mulligan.
Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq
The Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq (Arabic: خانقاه فرج ابن برقوق) is an Islamic funerary complex that comprises a mosque (originally a khanqah) and two mausoleums, located in the Northern Cemetery of Cairo, Egypt. The complex was completed in 1410–1411 by the Mamluk sultan Faraj ibn Barquq. The complex is considered one of the most accomplished works of Mamluk architecture and one of the major monuments of Cairo's Northern Cemetery.

Barquq
Al-Malik Az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq  (Arabic: الملك الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق; born c. 1336) was the first Sultan of the Circassian Mamluk Burji dynasty of Egypt ruling from 1382 to 1389 and 1390 to 1399. Born to a Christian father in Circassia, Barquq was enslaved and later arrived in Egypt. He deposed sultan al-Salih Hajji to claim the throne for himself. Once in power, he placed many of his family members in positions of power. Rebelling governors in 1389 restored Hajji to the throne but Barquq was able to reclaim the throne shortly after and ruled until his death in 1399 and was succeeded by his son. The name Barquq is of Circassian origin and is his birth name.
Singapore (1960 film)
Singapore is a 1960 thriller film directed by Shakti Samanta. It stars Shammi Kapoor, Padmini, Shashikala, Madan Puri, K. N. Singh, Agha, Helen and Maria Menado. An Indo-Malaya co-production, this was one of the first full length Bollywood feature films to be shot extensively in locations outside India.

Shakti Samanta
Shakti Samanta (13 January 1926 – 9 April 2009) was an Indian film director and producer, who founded Shakti Films in 1957, which is most known for films such as Anand Ashram (1977), Anusandhan /Barsaat Ki Ek Raat (1981), Anyay Abhichar (1985), Howrah Bridge (1958), Insan Jaag Utha (1959), China Town (1962), Kashmir Ki Kali (1964), An Evening in Paris (1967), Aradhana (1969), Kati Patang (1971), and Amar Prem (1972), Amanush (1975).

He received Filmfare Awards for Best Film for Aradhana (1969), Anuraag (1973) and Amanush (1975), which was also made in Bengali, a language in which he made six films, including an Indo-Bangladesh joint production in 1984.
Closed Chambers
Closed Chambers: The Rise, Fall, and Future of the Modern Supreme Court is a 1998 book by Edward Lazarus, who served as a law clerk for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun during the October Term 1988. Lazarus combines his reflections as a clerk with a substantial body of research to describe the collapse in comity between Justices – and particularly clerks – at the Supreme Court. The book is noted both for its extraordinary inside access to internal Supreme Court deliberation and its arguably balanced account of the controversy surrounding many high-profile Supreme Court decisions on the death penalty, civil rights, and abortion.

Edward Lazarus
Edward Lazarus (born September 9, 1959) is an American lawyer and writer. He currently serves as General Counsel for Sonos. From 2013 to 2018, Lazarus was general counsel and chief strategy officer for the Tribune Corporation, following its exit from bankruptcy. On January 16, 2017, he was named by President Barack Obama to serve on the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. He also served as Chief of Staff of the Federal Communications Commission from June 2008 to January 2012. He went to the FCC from the Los Angeles office of the law firm Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, where he was the head of litigation for the renowned firm.
USS Insurgent
Insurgente was a 40-gun Sémillante-class frigate of the French Navy, launched in 1793. During the Quasi War with the United States, the United States Navy frigate USS Constellation, with Captain Thomas Truxtun in command, captured her off the island of Nevis. After her capture she served in the United States Navy as USS Insurgent, patrolling the waters in the West Indies. In September 1800 she was caught up in a severe storm and was presumed lost at sea.

Sémillante-class frigate
The Sémillante class was a type of 12-pounder, 32-gun frigate of the French Navy, designed by Pierre-Joseph Pénétreau.

Sémillante

Builder: Lorient

Ordered: 23 April 1790 (named)

Laid down: December 1790

Launched: 25 November 1791

Completed: May 1792

Fate: Given to Robert Surcouf at Mauritius in September 1808 and armed by him as a privateer, renamed Charles. Captured by the Royal Navy in December 1809 and broken up.

Insurgente

Builder: Lorient

Ordered: 3 September 1790

Laid down: 5 November 1791

Launched: 27 April 1793

Completed: June 1793

Fate: Captured by the US Navy off Nevis on 8 February 1799, recommissioned as USS Insurgent, but lost at sea in a hurricane in September 1800.
Balbir Singh Rajewal
Balbir Singh Rajewal (born 20 August 1943) is an Indian farm union leader and politician from Ludhiana, Punjab. He is founder of Bharatiya Kisan Union (Rajewal) and the Chief Ministerial candidate of Sanyukt Samaj Morcha party for the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. Rajewal is known for his active participation in 2020-2021 Indian farmers' protest.

Samyukt Kisan Morcha
Samyukta Kisan Morcha (SKM) (lit. 'Joint Farmers' Force'  or 'United Farmers Front'), formed in November 2020, is a coalition of over forty Indian farmers' unions to coordinate satyagraha (non-violent resistance) against the three farm acts initiated by the central government in September of the same year.

In opposing the three farm laws, the SKM asserted that laws were an unwelcome imposition on the farmers, violated the constitution, were anti-farmer and pro-big business.
Czech Game of the Year Awards
Czech Game of the Year Awards (Czech: Česká hra roku) are annual awards that recognize accomplishments in video game development in the Czech Republic. The awards began as part of Gameday Festival in 2010, but became independent from the festival in 2017. In 2010–2020, the awards were organised by the České Hry association, since 2021, the awards have been organized by FiolaSoft Studio and MediaRealms, with the VisionGame project joining in 2022.

Svoboda 1945: Liberation
Svoboda 1945: Liberation is a 2021 Czech point-and-click adventure game. It is the sequel to Attentat 1942 (2017) and was the first game developed by Charles Games, a subsidiary of Charles University. The game tells the story of the end of World War II and the subsequent displacement of the German population from the perspective of people who experienced the events. The game is based on film interviews, interactive comics and authentic footage. The characters in the game and their stories are fictional, but they were created based on historical research and contemporary testimonies.
Khumjung
Khumjung  (Nepali: खुम्जुंग) is a village in Khumbu Pasanglhamu rural municipality of Solukhumbu District in Province No. 1 of north-eastern Nepal. It is located in the Khumbu sub-region inside Sagarmatha National Park, a world heritage site. The village lies at an elevation of 3,790 metres above sea level, near Mount Khumbila.

A monastery in Khumjung has a purported Yeti scalp. This village has modern communications such as the Internet and mobile and landline phones.

The village is the seat of ward no. 4, which include Kunde, Khumjung, Tengboche (Tyangboche), Pangboche, Pheriche, Dole, Chharchung, Machhermo, Lobuche, Dingboche, and Gokyo. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,912 people living in 551 individual households.

Khumjung school was built by Sir Edmund Hillary's Himalayan Trust in 1961. The school began with two classrooms but now caters to pre-school, primary and secondary sections with over 350 students.

Himalayan Trust
The Himalayan Trust is an international non-profit humanitarian organisation first established in the 1960s by Sir Edmund Hillary, who led the trust until his death in 2008. The Himalayan Trust aims to improve the health, education and general wellbeing of people living in the Solukhumbu District.

The Himalayan Trust is headquartered in New Zealand where it is a registered charity through the Charities Commission. The Trust has charitable status being a member of the Council for International Development (CID).
Helene Billgren
Helene Elisabeth Billgren (née Åberg; born 1 June 1952) is a Swedish artist. She has previously been married to Ernst Billgren, and their daughter is Elsa Billgren.

Helene Åberg was born in Norrköping.

Elsa Billgren
Elsa Billgren (born 1 February 1986) is a Swedish television presenter and fashion blogger. She has presented many television shows on ZTV, SVT and TV4, and has hosted radio shows for Sveriges Radio. Billgren has also written and published a non-fiction book and a novel.
Kripa (philosophy)
Kripa (कृपा) is the concept of divine grace in Hinduism. It is the central tenet of Bhakti Yoga and Bhakti movements, which are seen as reform movements in Hinduism as compared to the Hinduism which finds its origins in the Vedas; though variously it can mean "grace", "mercy", or "blessing", depending upon the context. The Hindi word Kirpala from Sanskrit Kripala means "kind" and is used as a given name for males, while "Kripa" (Kṛpā), is used as a female given name.

Divine grace
Divine grace is a theological term present in many religions. It has been defined as the divine influence which operates in humans to regenerate and sanctify, to inspire virtuous impulses, and to impart strength to endure trial and resist temptation; and as an individual virtue or excellence of divine origin.
Lac Taureau Regional Park
The Lac Taureau Regional Park is a regional park set around Taureau Reservoir (sometimes identified as Toro or Matawin reservoir, and colloquially dubbed as Taureau lake), located in part (south half) in the municipality of Saint-Michel-des-Saints and unorganized territories of Baie-de-la-Bouteille and Lac-Matawin, in the Matawinie regional county municipality, in the administrative region of Lanaudière, in Quebec in Canada.

Taureau Reservoir
The Taurus Reservoir is a 95-square-kilometre (37 sq mi) reservoir in Matawinie, in the administrative region of Lanaudière, Québec, Canada. It is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin and is on the Matawin River.