hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spindletop
Spindletop is an oil field located in the southern portion of Beaumont, Texas, in the United States. The Spindletop dome was derived from the Louann Salt evaporite layer of the Jurassic geologic period. On January 10, 1901, a well at Spindletop struck oil ("came in"). The Spindletop gusher blew for 9 days at a rate estimated at 100,000 barrels (16,000 m3) of oil per day. Gulf Oil and Texaco, now part of Chevron Corporation, were formed to develop production at Spindletop. The Spindletop discovery led the United States into the oil age. Prior to Spindletop, oil was primarily used for lighting and as a lubricant. Because of the quantity of oil discovered, burning petroleum as a fuel for mass consumption suddenly became economically feasible.

The frenzy of oil exploration and the economic development it generated in the state became known as the Texas oil boom. The United States soon became the world's leading oil producer.

Louann Salt
The Louann Salt is a widespread evaporite formation that formed in the Gulf of Mexico during the Callovian in the mid Jurassic. The Louann formed in a rift as the South American and North American Plates separated, from an embayment of the Pacific Ocean.  The Louann underlies much of the northern Gulf Coast from Texas to the Florida panhandle and extends beneath large areas of the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.

The Campeche Salt or Isthmian Salt is the contemporaneous salt layer that developed on the south margin of the rift. It extends from Campeche, Mexico, north along the west margin of the Campeche Bank north of the Yucatan Peninsula. The Orca Basin is a distinctive brine pool on the Louisiana continental shelf. One of the many salt domes derived from the Louann was the site of the Spindletop oil strike near Beaumont, Texas, in 1901.
Europe Transparent
Europe Transparent (Dutch: Europa Transparant) was a political party in the Netherlands. The party's founder, Paul van Buitenen, announced its establishment on 8 April 2004. In the 2004 European Parliament election the party gained two seats, after a campaign that cost no more than €4,000. Van Buitenen and the number two on the list, Els de Groen, who had written about corruption scandals in Eastern Europe, joined the Greens–European Free Alliance party group as independent members. It has not contested an election since 2004.

The party claimed to be non-ideological; they aimed to fight for more open European government, against fraud, corruption and favouring of friends. Because the pursuit of this goal was their primary occupation, they participated only to a limited extent in the normal system of debates, reports, meetings, etc.

Their ultimate goal was to be able to disband themselves when they had made the European Union transparent.

Greens–European Free Alliance
The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) is a political group of the European Parliament composed primarily of green political parties.

The group consists of European Green Party (EGP), part of the European Free Alliance (EFA), and members of Volt Europa and European Pirate Party political alliances.
The Last Tycoons
The Last Tycoons: The Secret History of Lazard Frères & Co. is the debut book by William D. Cohan. It was released on April 3, 2007 by Doubleday. It focuses on the history of the prominent investment bank Lazard Frères. The book won the 2007 Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award.

Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award
Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award is an annual award given to the best business book of the year as determined by the Financial Times. It aims to find the book that has "the most compelling and enjoyable insight into modern business issues". The award was established in 2005 and is worth £30,000. Beginning in 2010, five short-listed authors each receive £10,000, an increase from the previous £5,000.

The award's principal partner was Goldman Sachs from 2005 to 2013, when it was known as the "Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award". McKinsey & Company supported the Business Book Award from 2014 until 2021, when it was known as the "Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award".

Since 2014, the Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award is presented at the same time as the Bracken Bower Prize for young business writers.
Mapplethorpe (film)
Mapplethorpe is a 2018 American biographical drama film written and directed by Ondi Timoner about the life of photographer Robert Mapplethorpe. Shooting began on July 11, 2017, in New York City and lasted only 19 days. It premiered at the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival.

Robert Mapplethorpe
Robert Michael Mapplethorpe (/ˈmeɪpəlˌθɔːrp/ MAY-pəl-thorp; November 4, 1946 – March 9, 1989) was an American photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs. His work featured an array of subjects, including celebrity portraits, male and female nudes, self-portraits, and still-life images. His most controversial works documented and examined the gay male BDSM subculture of New York City in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Mapplethorpe's 1989 exhibition, Robert Mapplethorpe: The Perfect Moment, sparked a debate in the United States concerning both use of public funds for "obscene" artwork and the Constitutional limits of free speech in the United States.
Ivans Xtc
Ivans Xtc is a 2000 British-American independent drama film co-written by Bernard Rose and Lisa Enos, produced by Enos and directed by Rose, the first of several Enos-Rose collaborations, including Snuff-Movie (2005), Kreutzer Sonata (2008) and Mr. Nice (2010). The film stars Danny Huston, Peter Weller, and Lisa Enos, with Rose and Enos' actual CAA agent, Adam Krentzmen, playing the role of fictional "Media Talent Agency" agent Barry Oaks. Other key roles include Morgan Walsh (Vukovic) as Lucy Lawrence, and SLC Punk director James Merendino as director Danny McTeague.

The story follows a Hollywood agent, Ivan Beckman (Huston), who must force a smile and carry on with business as usual with the agency's biggest client, Don West (Weller), in the face of a cancer diagnosis. The film, loosely based on Leo Tolstoy's 1886 novella The Death of Ivan Ilyich, was also inspired by the rise and fall of talent agent Jay Moloney.

The Death of Ivan Ilyich
The Death of Ivan Ilyich (also Romanized Ilich, Ilych, Ilyitch; Russian: Смерть Ивана Ильича, romanized: Smert' Ivána Ilyichá), first published in 1886, is a novella by Leo Tolstoy, considered one of the masterpieces of his late fiction, written shortly after his religious conversion of the late 1870s.

Considered to be one of the finest examples of a novella, The Death of Ivan Ilyich tells the story of a high-court judge in 19th-century Russia and his sufferings and death from a terminal illness.
2019 NBA G League draft
The 2019 NBA G League draft was the 19th draft of the National Basketball Association G League. The draft was held on October 26, 2019, just before the 2019–20 season. Anthony Lawrence II was selected with the first overall pick by the Northern Arizona Suns.

Anthony Lawrence (basketball)
Anthony Lawrence II (born September 6, 1996) is an American basketball player who last played for the Yokohama Excellence. He played college basketball for the University of Miami. Standing at 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m), he plays at the power forward and small forward positions.
Suki ni Naru Sono Shunkan o
Suki ni Naru Sono Shunkan o: Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai (好きになるその瞬間を。～告白実行委員会～), also known by its English title The Moment You Fall in Love, is a 2016 Japanese animated youth romance film directed by Tetsuya Yanagisawa, written by Yoshimi Narita, and produced by Qualia Animation. The film is based on Vocaloid songs from Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai ~Ren'ai Series~ by HoneyWorks. It is the second film based on Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai ~Renai Series~ songs, following Zutto Mae Kara Suki Deshita. It was released in Japan by Aniplex on December 17, 2016, and in the Philippines on April 5, 2017 by ODEX. Crunchyroll began streaming the film on June 6, 2017.

HoneyWorks
HoneyWorks is a Japanese musical group consisting of songwriters Gom and shito, and illustrator Yamako. The group started uploading original Vocaloid songs to NicoNico in 2010, and released their debut album under label MusicRay'n in 2014. Since their inception, they have collaborated with a wide range of vocalists. In 2014, HoneyWorks partnered with singer CHiCO to form the unit CHiCO with HoneyWorks.

They are the creators of the Kokuhaku Jikkō Iinkai: Ren'ai Series multimedia project.
Chu Chin Chow (1934 film)
Chu Chin Chow is a 1934 British musical film directed by Walter Forde and starring George Robey, Fritz Kortner and Anna May Wong. It was an adaptation of the hit musical Chu Chin Chow by Oscar Asche and Frederick Norton. It was shot at the Islington Studios of Gainsborough Pictures in London. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ernö Metzner.

It is claimed that the movie's title inspired the name of the Marvel Comics monster Fin Fang Foom.

Fin Fang Foom
Fin Fang Foom is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been depicted as an extraterrestrial creature resembling a dragon. The character first appeared in Strange Tales #89 (cover-dated Oct. 1961), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. Later, the character became part of the superhero Iron Man's rogues' gallery.

The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series, toys, trading cards, and video games. IGN's List of Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time ranked Fin Fang Foom #99.
Beacon Windmill
Beacon Windmill is a historic building in Ravenscar, North Yorkshire, a village in England.

The windmill was built in 1858, for local landlord William Hammond.  It was originally known as Peak Mill, was leased out jointly with a neighbouring pub, and was used to grind corn.  The pub was later converted into a farmhouse.  By 1902, the mill was in poor condition, and the two remaining sails blew down in high winds.  The mill then closed, and the machinery was sold.  The mill was left derelict for many years, and was still disused when it was featured in two episodes of the television series Heartbeat.  In 2013, it was converted into a holiday let.  The building has been grade II listed since 2001.

The building is constructed of stone with a plain stone eaves band. It has a circular plan and three storeys. On the ground floor is a  doorway, and each of the upper two storeys has a single opening.

Ravenscar, North Yorkshire
Ravenscar is a coastal village in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is within the civil parish of Staintondale and the North York Moors National Park, and is 10 miles (16 km) north of Scarborough. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

A National Trail, the 110-mile (180 km) Cleveland Way, passes through Ravenscar, as does the Cinder Track, a multi-use path that forms part of National Cycle Route 1. Ravenscar is also the eastern terminus of the challenging cross-moor Lyke Wake Walk, which ends where it meets the coast road. The sea around the area hosts a seal colony.
Middlebranch, Ohio
Middlebranch is a census-designated place in northeastern Plain Township, Stark County, Ohio, United States.  It is located about 7 miles Northeast of Canton. It has a post office with the ZIP code 44652.  The community is part of the Canton–Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,117 at the 2020 census. Trains from the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway often run through the area carrying loads of scrap metal bound for other Ohio cities.

Canton–Massillon metropolitan area
The Canton–Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau is an area consisting of Caroll County and Stark County in Northeast Ohio, anchored by the cities of Canton and Massillon. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 401,574. The MSA is also part of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,633,962 in 2020, the largest CSA in Ohio.
Steroid 11β-hydroxylase
Steroid 11β-hydroxylase, also known as steroid 11β-monooxygenase, is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Named officially the cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial, it is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP11B1 gene. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of adrenal corticosteroids by catalyzing the addition of hydroxyl groups during oxidation reactions.

Adrenal cortex
The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of the adrenal gland. It is divided into three separate zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Each zone is responsible for producing specific hormones. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis.
Musical America
Musical America is the oldest American magazine on classical music, first appearing in 1898 in print and in 1999 online, at musicalamerica.com. It is published by Performing Arts Resources, LLC, of East Windsor, New Jersey.

The Music Trades
The Music Trades is an American trade magazine that covers a broad spectrum of music and music commerce, domestically and abroad.  Founded in New York City in 1890, it has been based in Englewood, New Jersey, since the mid-1970s. The Music Trades is one of the oldest continuously published trade publications in the world. Few publications have been as long closely held by a single family.
Terry Date
Terry Date (born January 31, 1956) is an American record producer and audio engineer specializing in rock genres, especially heavy metal. He is well known for his work with Metal Church, Dream Theater, Soundgarden, Overkill, Pantera, Dark Angel, Fishbone, Prong, White Zombie, Deftones, Slipknot, Limp Bizkit and Bring Me the Horizon.

Mantissa (band)
Mantissa  were an Australian hard rock band which formed as Killing Time in 1989. Killing Time included Nina Grant on bass guitar and vocals, Chris Paine on guitar, and Adam Pringle on lead vocals. In February 1991 they issued an extended play, Ruby's Mind, which reached the Top 100 on the ARIA Singles Chart. Their Dream Alone (March 1992) extended play, peaked in the Top 30. Killing Time supported national tours by Jane's Addiction, Mudhoney, Scatterbrain and Baby Animals. In August 1992 Killing Time changed their name to Mantissa and followed with their debut album, Mossy God, in October on Red Eye Records / Polydor Records, which appeared in the Top 50 ARIA Albums Chart. Their second album, Thirst, appeared in August 1995 and the group disbanded in 1996.
Eric Munn
Christianity portal

Eric George Munn  was the sixth Bishop of Caledonia.

He was born 8 March 1903, educated at University of Leeds and ordained in 1930 after studying at the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield. After a curacy at Wigan he was a missionary at Quesnel and the Lytton, British Columbia. He was at St James' Vancouver from 1936 to 1942; and had incumbencies at Fernie and Victoria. His last position before his ordination to the episcopate in 1959 was as the Archdeacon of Lytton. He died in post on 26 December 1968.

Fernie, British Columbia
Fernie is a city in the Elk Valley area of the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located on BC Highway 3 on the western approaches to the Crowsnest Pass through the Rocky Mountains. Founded in 1898 and incorporated as the City of Fernie in July 1904, the municipality has a population of over 5,000 with an additional 2,000 outside city limits in communities under the jurisdiction of the Regional District of East Kootenay. A substantial seasonal population swells the city during the winter months.

Fernie lies on the Elk River, along Canada's southernmost east-west transportation corridor through the Rockies that crosses the range via the Crowsnest Pass, 40 kilometres (25 miles) to the east. As the largest and longest-established community between Cranbrook and Lethbridge, Fernie serves as a minor regional centre, particularly for its fellow Elk Valley communities.
Riley County, Kansas
Riley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and largest city is Manhattan.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 71,959.  The county was named after Bennet Riley, the 7th governor of California, and a Mexican–American War hero.  Riley County is home to Fort Riley and Kansas State University.

Fort Riley
Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in North Central Kansas, on the Kansas River, also known as the Kaw, between Junction City and Manhattan. The Fort Riley Military Reservation covers 101,733 acres (41,170 ha) in Geary and Riley counties. The Fort consists of six functional areas, including the Main Post, Camp Funston, Marshall Army Airfield (MAAF), Camp Whitside, Camp Forsyth, and Custer Hill. The portion of the fort that contains housing development is part of the Fort Riley census-designated place, with a residential population of 9,230 as of the 2020 census. The ZIP Code is 66442.
The Deep End of the Ocean (film)
The Deep End of the Ocean is a 1999 American drama film directed by Ulu Grosbard, and starring Michelle Pfeiffer, Treat Williams, Jonathan Jackson, John Kapelos, and Whoopi Goldberg. It is based on the 1996 novel by Jacquelyn Mitchard, a bestseller that was the first novel selected by Oprah Winfrey to be discussed on Oprah's Book Club in 1996. The film tells the story of a family's reaction when Ben, the youngest son, is kidnapped and then found nine years later, living in the same town where his family had just moved. The film was released in theaters on March 12, 1999, by Columbia Pictures, and was a box-office flop, grossing $28 million worldwide.

John Kapelos
John Kapelos (born March 8, 1956) is a Canadian actor from London, Ontario. He is best known for his portrayals of janitor Carl Reed in The Breakfast Club and Detective Donald Schanke in Forever Knight.

An alumnus of The Second City, Chicago, Kapelos's theatrical work spans eight years from Second City's Touring Company (1978–1982) to six revues as a member of the famed Resident Company (1982–1986), and finally Second City's critically acclaimed return to off-Broadway in Orwell That Ends Well at the former Village Gate in New York City.
Galonki, Łódź Voivodeship
Galonki [ɡaˈlɔnki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobryszyce, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Dobryszyce, 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Radomsko, and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Dobryszyce
Gmina Dobryszyce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Dobryszyce, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Radomsko and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 51.1 square kilometres (19.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,184.
U.S. Route 169 in Minnesota
U.S. Highway 169 (US 169) is a major north–south United States Numbered Highway in the state of Minnesota, connecting the Minnesota River valley with the Twin Cities and the Iron Range. Much of the route is built to expressway or freeway standards.

Le Sueur, Minnesota
Le Sueur (/ləˈsʊər/ lə-SOOR) is a city in Le Sueur County in the U.S. state of Minnesota, between Mankato and the Twin Cities. It lies along the Minnesota River and U.S. Highway 169. Le Sueur was named in honor of French explorer Pierre-Charles Le Sueur.  Its population was 4,213 at the 2020 census.

The community is known locally as the "Valley of the Jolly Green Giant". A large billboard, with the caption "Welcome to the Valley" and Green Giant logo, remains even after the company and Green Giant label were bought by Pillsbury in 1979. Pillsbury merged with General Mills in 2001. In 2016, General Mills spun off Green Giant to B&G Foods and the canning is done in Montgomery, Minnesota. The old canning processing plant in Le Sueur was used until 1995. It is still used for agriculture-related research for corn varieties. Peas are no longer researched at the Le Sueur plant. The sugar snap pea variety was developed by a scientist at the Le Sueur plant.
Solovay model
In the mathematical field of set theory, the Solovay model is a model constructed by Robert M. Solovay in which all of the axioms of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF) hold, exclusive of the axiom of choice, but in which all sets of real numbers are Lebesgue measurable. The construction relies on the existence of an inaccessible cardinal.

In this way, Solovay showed that in the proof of the existence of a non-measurable set from ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory plus the axiom of choice), the axiom of choice is essential, at least granted that the existence of an inaccessible cardinal is consistent with ZFC.

Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.
Col de Teghime
The Col de Teghime (Corsican: Bocca di Teghjime) is a mountain pass in the Haute-Corse department of Corsica, France.
The pass is in the south of the Monte Stello massif and is one of the main passes in the island.

Bastia
Bastia (UK: /ˈbæstjə, ˈbɑːs-/ BA(H)SS-tyə, US: /ˈbɑːstiə, ˈbæs-, bɑːˈstiːə/ BA(H)SS-tee-ə, bahss-TEE-; French: [bastja] ⓘ, Italian: [baˈstiːa]; Corsican: Bastìa [baˈsti.a]) is a commune in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. It is located in the northeast of the island of Corsica at the base of Cap Corse. It also has the second-highest population of any commune on the island after Ajaccio and is the capital of the Bagnaja region and of the department.

Bastia is the principal port of the island and its principal commercial town and is known for its wines. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Bastiais or Bastiaises. The commune has been awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.