hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Santa Rosa de Calamuchita
Santa Rosa de Calamuchita is a small village in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. It had about 10,000 inhabitants at the 2001 census [INDEC]. The village is located in the central part of the Calamuchita Valley, surrounded by hills (the Sierras), rivers, and lakes, which makes the area a major tourist attraction. The village has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by warm summers with considerable rainfall, where temperatures can exceed 35°C, and cold, dry winters with minimum temperatures dropping below zero. Other important nearby towns in the Valley are Villa General Belgrano and Embalse (the latter is home to a nuclear power plant).

Calamuchita Department
The Calamuchita Department (Spanish: Departamento Calamuchita) is a subdivision (department) of the province of Córdoba, Argentina.

The department is located in the center-west of the province and includes important tourist destinations, especially along the Calamuchita Valley. The center of this region is the city of  Embalse home of one of the two functional nuclear power plants in Argentina (see Embalse nuclear power plant).
Derthona Basket
Derthona Basket,  known for sponsorship reasons as Bertram Derthona Tortona, is an Italian professional basketball team of the city of Tortona, in the province of Alessandria, Piedmont.

The team has achieved the promotion to the Lega Basket Serie A (LBA) after the end of the 2020–21 season of the Serie A2 Basket.

Mike Daum
Michael Alan Daum (born October 30, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Shinshu Brave Warriors of the B.League. He played college basketball for South Dakota State University. A 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) power forward, Daum was named the Summit League Player of the Year three times.
Ostensive definition
An ostensive definition conveys the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. This type of definition is often used where the term is difficult to define verbally, either because the words will not be understood (as with children and new speakers of a language) or because of the nature of the term (such as colors or sensations). It is usually accompanied with a gesture pointing to the object serving as an example, and for this reason is also often referred to as "definition by pointing".

Philosophical Investigations
Philosophical Investigations (German: Philosophische Untersuchungen) is a work by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, published posthumously in 1953.

Philosophical Investigations is divided into two parts, consisting of what Wittgenstein calls, in the preface, Bemerkungen, translated by G. E. M. Anscombe as "remarks".

A survey among American university and college teachers ranked the Investigations as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy.
Gemma Jones
Jennifer "Gemma" Jones (born 4 December 1942) is an English actress. Appearing on both stage and screen, her film appearances include Sense and Sensibility (1995), the Bridget Jones series (2001–2025), the Harry Potter series (2002–2011), You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger (2010), and Ammonite (2020).

For her role in the BBC television film Marvellous (2014), she won the 2015 BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress. She had received three previous nominations in the Best Actress category in 1971, 1972, and 1977 for her television roles. Her other roles on television include Rainbow City (1967), The Duchess of Duke Street (1976–1977), Trial & Retribution (2003–2008), Spooks (2007–2008), Teacup Travels (2015–2017), Diana and I (2017), and Gentleman Jack (2019).

On the stage, Jones was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Actress of the Year in a New Play for And a Nightingale Sang in 1979.

Diana and I
Diana and I is a British made-for-television film that explores how the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, affected ordinary people. Written by Jeremy Brock and directed by Peter Cattaneo, it tells the stories of four people, and how they react to the news of the Princess's death, following their lives from when the news broke on 31 August 1997 to Diana's funeral on 6 September 1997. The film aired on BBC Two in the UK on 4 September 2017.
130th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 130th (Devon & Cornwall) Brigade, originally the Plymouth Brigade was an infantry formation of Britain's Volunteer Force, Territorial Force, and later Territorial Army (TA). In the First World War the brigade was in British India for most of the war and did not see service as a complete formation, but many of its battalions fought in the Middle East campaigns. The brigade (without its Devon or Cornwall battalions) did see action during the campaign in North West Europe of the Second World War, distinguishing itself at actions such as Operation Jupiter (Hill 112), the capture of Mont Pinçon, Operation Market Garden, at 'Dorset Wood' and at Hengelo. As 130 (West Country) Brigade it continued in the postwar TA until 1961.

43rd (Wessex) Signal Regiment
43 (Wessex) Signal Regiment was a Territorial Army (TA) unit of the British Army's Royal Corps of Signals from 1920. It had its origins in a Volunteer unit of the Royal Engineers formed in the West Country in 1860 and provided the communications for the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division during World War II. Its successor still serves as a squadron in today's Army Reserve.
Samuel Barnett (reformer)
Samuel Augustus Barnett (8 February 1844 – 17 June 1913) was a Church of England cleric and social reformer who was particularly associated with the establishment of the first university settlement, Toynbee Hall, in east London in 1884. He is often referred to as Canon Barnett, having served as Canon of Westminster Abbey from 1906 until his death.

Hampstead Garden Suburb
Hampstead Garden Suburb is a suburb of London, north of Hampstead, west of Highgate and east of Golders Green. It is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations. It is an example of early twentieth-century domestic architecture and town planning in the London Borough of Barnet, northwest London.

The master plan was prepared by Barry Parker and Sir Raymond Unwin. It consists of just over 5,000 properties and is home to around 16,000 people.  Undivided houses with individual gardens are a key feature. The area enjoys landscaped garden squares, several communal parks and Hampstead Heath Extension.

Despite its name being Hampstead Garden Suburb, it is not an actual suburb of Hampstead, nor are they in the same London borough, since Hampstead is in the London Borough of Camden, and Hampstead Garden Suburb in the London Borough of Barnet.
Beyond Those Years
"Beyond Those Years" is a song written by Troy Seals and Eddie Setser, and recorded by The Oak Ridge Boys, featuring Steve Sanders.  It was released in April 1989 as the third single from Monongahela.  It reached #7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

In 2011, the group re-recorded the song with a new arrangement and Joe Bonsall on lead vocals for It's Only Natural.

Steve Sanders (musician)
Steve Sanders (September 17, 1952 – June 10, 1998) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter. After playing rhythm guitar in the Oaks Band for several years, Sanders replaced William Lee Golden in the Oak Ridge Boys in 1987.
Stevie Shears
Stevie Shears (born 1954/1955) is an English musician known for playing in the rock bands Tiger Lily and Ultravox! (later Ultravox), as well as being part of the bands Faith Global and Cowboys International.

Ultravox! (album)
Ultravox! is the debut studio album by British new wave band Ultravox. It was recorded at Island Studios in Hammersmith, London in the autumn of 1976 and produced by Ultravox and Steve Lillywhite with studio assistance from Brian Eno. It was released by Island Records on 25 February 1977.
Delores J. Knaak
Delores J. "Dee" Knaak (July 13, 1929 – February 9, 2020) was an American educator and politician.

Knaak was born Delores Jean McComber in Hibbing, Minnesota, and graduated from Hibbing High School and Hibbing Junior College. She went to St. Cloud State University. Knaak lived in White Bear Lake, Minnesota, and taught elementary school. She served on the Ramsey County Commission. Knaak served in the Minnesota Senate from 1977 to 1980 as a Republican. She then served on the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission from 1991 to 1996. Knaak died in Maplewood, Minnesota. Her son, Fritz Knaak, also served in the Minnesota Legislature.

Hibbing High School
Hibbing High School is a public school, grades 7–12, in Hibbing, Minnesota, United States. It was built from 1920 to 1922 as the entire city relocated two miles (3 km) south to make way for the expanding Hull–Rust–Mahoning Mine. The lavish Tudor Revival building was constructed at a cost of about $3.9 million (equivalent to $62,678,571 in 2025), becoming known as the "castle in the woods" and—thanks to its polished brass fixtures—the "school with the golden doorknobs". The project was bankrolled by the mining industry, which wanted to make the move more palatable for those being displaced. It also satisfied immigrants' desire for their children's education.

Hibbing High School is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Visitors may tour the building on their own during the school year or on guided tours during the summer.
Yellow Jacket Case
Yellow Jacket Case is a smart phone case that doubles as a stun gun. It was invented by former military police officer Seth Froom  in response to being robbed at gun-point in his own home. The Yellow Jacket case houses a 650,000V Stun-gun.

Yellow Jacket was originally a tenant of the Student Incubator at the Louisiana Business Technology Center and was a prize winner of the Venture Challenge business plan competition. Now Yellow Jacket is produced by Stinger Solutions, LLC.

Louisiana Business Technology Center
The Louisiana Business & Technology Center (LBTC) at Louisiana State University plays an important role to the state's flagship university, Louisiana State University as a part of LSU's Office of Research and Economic Development. LBTC's primary goal is to increase the economic growth of Louisiana by enhancing the development of small businesses and assisting in the development of new businesses. The center is ranked among the top ten entrepreneur programs in the nation.  In 1988 it was jointly funded through LSU and the Greater Baton Rouge Chamber of Commerce to foster economic growth in Louisiana by providing businesses with applications and tools necessary for growth and survival in the real world. It comprises the Louisiana Technology Transfer Office (LTTO), the LBTC Business Incubator, and the LSU Student Incubator.
Yohan Chanuka
Yohan Chanuka (born 4 May 1994) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2015-16 AIA Premier T20 Tournament on 13 January 2016. He made his List A debut for Sri Lanka Ports Authority Cricket Club in the 2018–19 Premier Limited Overs Tournament on 8 March 2019.

2015–16 AIA Premier T20 Tournament
The 2015–16 AIA Premier T20 Tournament was a Twenty20 cricket tournament that was held in Sri Lanka. It was played between domestic teams in Sri Lanka, with the tournament starting on 22 December 2015 and concluding on 24 January 2016.

Following the conclusion of the group stage, Nondescripts Cricket Club, Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club, Sri Lanka Army Sports Club and Sinhalese Sports Club progressed to the semi-finals. Sri Lanka Army won the tournament, after they beat Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club by five wickets in the final.
Maulana Abdur Rahman
Maulana Abdur Rahman was member of the 2nd Lok Sabha. He represented the Jammu constituency of Jammu and Kashmir and was a member of the Congress (I) political party. He was in office from April 1957 to March 1962.

Jammu
Jammu (/ˈdʒʌmuː/) is a city in Indian-administered  Jammu and Kashmir in the Jammu region. It is the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi), is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern plains in the south. Jammu is the second-most populous city of the union territory. Jammu is known as "City of Temples" for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.
Degrassi Takes Manhattan
Degrassi Takes Manhattan, titled "The Rest of My Life" in syndication, is a 2010 Canadian television film based on the teen drama television series Degrassi: The Next Generation, the fourth entry of the Degrassi television franchise, which by release was renamed simply Degrassi. Directed by Stefan Brogren, it premiered in Canada on MuchMusic on 16 July 2010 and in the United States on TeenNick on 19 July 2010.

It is the second feature-length movie of the Next Generation cast, and the third feature-length film in the franchise overall, following School's Out (1992) and Degrassi Goes Hollywood (2009). In syndication, it was shown in four parts.

This movie brought TeenNick its highest ratings ever, the most watched telecast on the network, and the most watched telecast by teens on the evening of 19 July. An extended version of the film was released as a bonus on the show's season 9 DVD on 20 July 2010. The special acted as somewhat of a de facto series finale for The Next Generation.

Jessi Cruickshank
Jessica Shaia "Jessi" Cruickshank (born July 17, 1982) is a Canadian comedian, podcast host and television personality. She is the former host of MTV Canada's program The After Show and its various incarnations including The Hills: The After Show and The City: Live After Show with co-host Dan Levy. She also hosted Canada's Smartest Person and The Goods on CBC.
Little Italy
Little Italy is the catch-all name for an ethnic enclave populated primarily by Italians or people of Italian ancestry, usually in an urban neighborhood. The concept of "Little Italy" holds many different aspects of the Italian culture. There are shops selling Italian goods as well as Italian restaurants lining the streets. A "Little Italy" strives essentially to have a version of the country of Italy placed in the middle of a large non-Italian city. This sort of enclave is often the result of periods of Italian immigration, during which people of the same culture settled or were ostracized and segregated together in certain areas. As cities modernized and grew, these areas became known for their ethnic associations, and ethnic neighborhoods like "Little Italy" blossomed, becoming the areas they are today.

Norton Street
Norton Street is in the suburb of Leichhardt in Sydney, Australia. It is located 5 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district and is the main commercial street in the suburb.

Norton Street contains a mix of residential buildings, restaurants (Italian and others), cafés, eateries and individual retail outlets, including several bookstores and grocery shops. There are also hotels, a Palace Cinema, Norton Street Grocer and two of the suburb's three shopping centres: Norton Plaza and the Italian Forum.

At the southern end of the street is the Italian Forum, notable for its design which seeks to emulate the feel of a Mediterranean town piazza featuring a fountain, ringed by cafés and upmarket fashion shops.
Marcus D'Amico
Marcus D'Amico (4 December 1965 – 16 December 2020) was a film, television, and stage actor known for his role as Michael "Mouse" Tolliver in the 1993 Tales of the City miniseries.

Born in Germany to an American father and a British mother, D'Amico was raised in the United Kingdom, attending Reading Blue Coat School and Redroofs Theatre School.

Reading Blue Coat School
Reading Blue Coat School is a co-educational private day school in Holme Park, Sonning, Berkshire. It is situated beside the River Thames, and was established in 1646 by Richard Aldworth, who named it "Aldworth's Hospital". Aldworth founded a near-identical school in Basingstoke in the same year.
Chandni Raatey
Chandni Raatey (Bengali: চাঁদনী রাতে, lit. 'On a moonlit night') is a 1993 Dhallywood romantic drama film. The story and screenplay were written and directed by Ehtesham. The film stars debutants Shabnoor and Sabbir in the lead roles.

Ehtesham
Ehtesham ur Rahman (1927 – 17 February 2002), known as Captain Ehtesham, was a Bangladeshi and Pakistani film director.  On his death in 2002 he was described as a pioneer of the film industry in Dhaka, and one of Bangladesh's leading directors.
45th meridian west
The meridian 45° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, the Atlantic Ocean, South America, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

In Greenland the meridian defines the borders of Avannaata, Qeqertalik, and Qeqqata municipalities with the Sermersooq municipality and the Northeast Greenland National Park.

The 45th meridian west forms a great ellipse with the 135th meridian east, and it is the reference meridian for the time zone UTC-3.

Sermersooq
Sermersooq (Greenlandic pronunciation: [sɜm.mɜs.sɔːq̚]) is a municipality in Greenland, formed on 1 January 2009 from five previous, smaller municipalities, and is the largest municipality in the world by area. Its administrative seat is the city of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, and it is the most populous municipality in the country, with 24,229 inhabitants as of January 2025.
Gene Weingarten
Gene  Norman Weingarten (born October 2, 1951) is an American journalist, and former syndicated humor columnist for The Washington Post. He is the only two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing. Weingarten is known for both his serious and humorous work. Through September 2021, Weingarten's column, "Below the Beltway," was published weekly in The Washington Post magazine and syndicated nationally by The Washington Post Writers Group. Weingarten and his son Dan also write Barney & Clyde, a comic strip with illustrations by David Clark.

The Washington Post Writers Group
The Washington Post Writers Group (WPWG), a division of The Washington Post News Service & Syndicate, is a press syndication service distributing opinion columnists, breaking news, podcasts and video journalism, lifestyle content, and graphics and data visualizations. The service is operated by The Washington Post.
Capture of Chusan (1841)
The second capture of Chusan (Chinese: 第二次定海之戰) occurred on 1 October 1841 during the First Opium War when British forces captured the city of Dinghai, capital of the Chusan (Zhoushan) islands off the east Chinese coast.

The fortified city of Dinghai, with a population of 30,000, was defended by the Chinese under the command of Keo. After a brief one-sided seaborne operation involving the 55th Foot, the city fell to the far superior British forces which captured 100 iron guns, 36 brass cannon, and 540 gingalls (heavy muskets or light guns mounted on swivels) for the loss of 2 British  killed and 28 wounded.

Zhoushan
Zhoushan is an urbanized archipelago with the administrative status of a prefecture-level city in the eastern Chinese province of Zhejiang. It consists of an archipelago of islands at the southern mouth of Hangzhou Bay off the mainland city of Ningbo. The prefecture's city proper is Dinghai on Zhoushan Island, now administered as the prefecture's Dinghai District. During the 2020 census, Zhoushan Prefecture's population was 1,157,817, out of whom 882,932 lived in the builtup (or metro) area consisting of two urban districts of Dinghai and Putuo.

On July 8, 2011, the central government approved Zhoushan as Zhoushan Archipelago New Area, a state-level new area.
Tons of Money (1924 film)
Tons of Money is a 1924 British silent comedy film directed by Frank Hall Crane and starring Leslie Henson, Flora le Breton and Mary Brough. It is an adaptation of the 1922 play Tons of Money by Will Evans and Arthur Valentine.  Both were co-produced with Tom Walls.  It was remade as a sound film Tons of Money in 1930.

Will Evans (comedian)
William Edward Evans (29 May 1866 – 11 April 1931) was an English actor, comedian and playwright. He was well known as a performer in music halls and silent comedy films, and appeared in West End musical shows. As a writer his biggest success was the farce Tons of Money which opened in 1922 and ran for more than 700 performances.
ADOIT
ADOIT is an enterprise architecture management tool that provides functionality and methods for enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation. The platform supports alignment and improvement of dependencies between business and IT as well as manages and analyses the dependencies between different organizational assets. The EA suite ADOIT is based on various international standards, including TOGAF, ArchiMate, ITIL, and COBIT. The suite is ArchiMate 3.1 and TOGAF-9 certified. Developed by the BOC Group, ADOIT represents the company's second flagship product along with their business process management and analysis tool, ADONIS NP.

ADONIS (software)
ADONIS is a Business Process Management (BPM) tool, used for documentation, analysis, and optimization of business processes. It enables the visualization of process flows and standard operating procedures (SOPs), provides visibility into how they operate, and helps increase their efficiency by revealing redundant efforts and opportunities for improvement.

The ADONIS BPM suite is manufactured and marketed by BOC Group and represents their flagship Business Process Management product.
Marysville Public Schools
Marysville Public Schools is a public school district in St. Clair County, Michigan, near the city of Port Huron. It serves Marysville and parts of Columbus Township, Kimball Township, St. Clair Township, and Wales Township.

Marysville, Michigan
Marysville is a city in St. Clair County of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Marysville had a population of 9,997. The municipality was founded in 1919, first as a village, then became a city in 1924.

Marysville is located on the western shore of the St. Clair River, across from Corunna, Ontario. The city is marked by winding streets, subdivisions, a riverfront boardwalk, Bridge-to-Bay Bike Trail and an industrial park. The city was home to the former Wills Sainte Claire Automotive company, a Morton Salt plant, and the Detroit Edison Marysville Power Plant which was decommissioned in 2001 and razed in 2015.
Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law
The Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law states that the first spark (singly ionized) spectrum of an element is similar in all details to the arc (neutral) spectrum of the element preceding it in the periodic table.  Likewise, the second (doubly ionized) spark spectrum of an element is similar in all details to the first (singly ionized) spark spectrum of the element preceding it, or to the arc (neutral) spectrum of the element with atomic number two less, and so forth.

Hence, the spectra of C I (neutral carbon), N II (singly ionized nitrogen), and O III (doubly ionized oxygen) atoms are similar, apart from shifts of the spectra to shorter wavelengths.  C I, N II, and O III all have the same number of electrons, six, and the same ground-state electron configuration:

.

The law was discovered by and named after Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel, who set it forth in a paper submitted to Verhandungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft in early 1919.

Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (German: [ˈaʁnɔlt ˈzɔmɐˌfɛlt]; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in both atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics.

Sommerfeld served as doctoral advisor and postdoctoral advisor to seven Nobel Prize winners and supervised at least 30 other famous physicists and chemists.

Sommerfeld introduced the second quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, and the third quantum number, magnetic quantum number. He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory.