hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Germantown, Philadelphia
Germantown (German: Deutschstadt [ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃtat]) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded by Palatine, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: Germantown and East Germantown.

Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.

Today, the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.

Palatines
Palatines (Palatine German: Pälzer) were the citizens and princes of the Palatinates, Holy Roman States that served as capitals for the Holy Roman Emperor. After the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the nationality referred more specifically to residents of the Rhenish Palatinate, known simply as "the Palatinate."

American Palatines, including the Pennsylvania Dutch, have maintained a presence in the United States as early as 1632 and are collectively known as "Palatine Dutch" (Palatine German: Pälzisch Deitsche). The earliest Palatines settled in the Maryland Palatinate, an American palatinate established by the Calvert family as a haven for Catholic refugees.
Pincushion
A pincushion (or pin cushion) is a small, stuffed cushion, typically 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) across, which is used in sewing to store pins or needles with their heads protruding to take hold of them easily, collect them, and keep them organized.

Pincushions are typically filled tightly with stuffing to hold pins rigidly in place. Magnetic pin cushions are also sometimes used; though technically they are not "cushions", they serve the same basic function of holding pins neatly.

Sewing
Sewing is the craft of fastening pieces of textiles together using a sewing needle and thread. Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, originating in the Paleolithic era. Archaeological evidence suggests that early humans in Europe and Asia produced garments from fur and leather clothing using bone, antler or ivory sewing-needles and "thread" made of various animal body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.

For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand. The sewing machine which was invented in the 19th century enabled mechanized stitching, and the mass production of garments expanded in the 20th century. Hand sewing remains common in high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is practiced by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.

The first known use of the word "sewing" was in the 14th century.
Gigolo (Nick Cannon song)
"Gigolo" is a song by American actor, comedian, and rapper Nick Cannon featuring vocals and sole production from R. Kelly. It was released on October 18, 2003 as the third single from the former's self-titled debut studio album.

"Gigolo" peaked at number nine on the Hot Rap Tracks chart, and number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. As of 2025, it is Cannon's highest-charting entry on the latter chart, and the first of his two entries on the chart in his career. The Erik White-directed music video features Katt Williams and DJ D-Wrek in cameo appearances. Cannon has since expressed regret and apologized for working with Kelly, since the January 2019 airing of the Lifetime television documentary Surviving R. Kelly, which depicted graphic revelations of sexual abuse by the singer.

Katt Williams
Micah "Katt" Williams (born September 2, 1971) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He played Money Mike in Friday After Next, was a recurring cast member on the first three seasons of Wild 'n Out, portrayed Bobby Shaw in My Wife and Kids, provided the voice of A Pimp Named Slickback in The Boondocks and Seamus in Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore, and portrayed Lord Have Mercy in Norbit.
Ireland for Europe
Ireland for Europe was a civil society organisation set up after the defeat of the first Irish referendum to campaign in favour of the Treaty of Nice. Initially chaired by Adrian Langan, it was chaired by Ciarán Toland from October 2001. The campaign team was also led by Michelle O'Donnell (Secretary) and Kevin Byrne (Campaign Director). Ireland for Europe joined the Irish Alliance for Europe in August 2002, forming the backbone of its volunteer canvassing campaign. The group has been inactive since the end of 2002.

In June 2009 a new organisation of the same name was launched with Pat Cox as Director. For this he stepped down from his position as President of the European Movement International.

Treaty of Nice
The Treaty of Nice was signed by European leaders on 26 February 2001 and came into force on 1 February 2003.

It amended the Maastricht Treaty (or the Treaty on European Union) and the Treaty of Rome (or the Treaty establishing the European Community which, before the Maastricht Treaty, was the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community). The Treaty of Nice reformed the institutional structure of the European Union to withstand eastward expansion, a task which was originally intended to have been done by the Amsterdam Treaty, but failed to be addressed at the time.

The entry into force of the treaty was in doubt for a time, after its initial rejection by Irish voters in a referendum in June 2001. This referendum result was reversed in a subsequent referendum held a little over a year later.
Ķegums
Ķegums (pronunciationⓘ; German: Keggum) is a town in Ogre Municipality situated mostly on the right bank of the Daugava River. Latvian law defines Ķegums town as divided between two regions, Vidzeme on the right bank of the Daugava and Semigallia on the left bank.

Semigallia
Semigallia is one of the Historical Latvian Lands located to the south of the Daugava and to the north of the Saule region of Samogitia. The territory is split between Latvia and Lithuania, previously inhabited by the Semigallian Baltic tribe. They are noted for their long resistance (1219–1290) against the German crusaders and Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades. Semigallians had close linguistic and cultural ties with Samogitians.
Robinson station
Robinson is a railway station serving Sceaux, a southern suburb of Paris, France. It is one of the terminuses of the RER B trains.

The station is named after the nearby commune Le Plessis-Robinson (which itself is ultimately named after Robinson Crusoe).

Le Plessis-Robinson
Le Plessis-Robinson (French pronunciation: [lə plɛsi ʁɔbɛ̃sɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 10.5 km (6.5 mi) from the centre of Paris. As of 2017, it has 29,100 inhabitants.
Avoriaz
Avoriaz (French: [avɔʁja], Franco-Provençal: [aˈvɔʁja, aˈvɔʁi]) is a French mountain resort in the Portes du Soleil in the French commune of Morzine, on a shelf above the town of Morzine.

Cars are forbidden in Avoriaz; transport includes horse-drawn sleighs and snowcats during winter.

One of the principal owners of Avoriaz is the tourism and real estate development company Pierre & Vacances.

Pierre & Vacances
Groupe Pierre & Vacances Center Parcs (French pronunciation: [ɡʁup pjɛʁ e vakɑ̃s sɑ̃tœʁ paʁk]) specializes in tourism services, providing holiday and entertainment villages, leisure activity residences and hotels under the brands Pierre & Vacances, Maeva, Center Parcs, Sunparks, and Adagio (the last in partnership with Accor). The headquarters of the company is in France and the core area of the company's activities is France, but it also has facilities in Belgium, Mauritius, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Italy and Spain.
Car and Driver 10Best
Car and Driver 10Best is a list annually produced by Car and Driver (C/D) beginning in 1983, nominating what it considers the 10 best cars of the year. C/D also produced the 5Best list, highlighting what it considers the five best trucks of the year.

All production vehicles for sale in that calendar year are considered with these recent restrictions:

The vehicle must be on sale by January

It must be priced below 2.5 times the average price of a car that year

The manufacturer must provide an example for testing

Only substantially changed or new vehicles and the past year's 10 best winners are nominated

The magazine sometimes selects a specific trim and other times a whole family of vehicles.

Tuv

Car and Driver
Car and Driver (CD or C/D) is an American automotive enthusiast magazine first published in 1955. In 2006 its total circulation was 1.23 million. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, who purchased it from its prior owner Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. in 2011. It was founded as Sports Cars Illustrated. The magazine is based in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Sydney International Shooting Centre
The Sydney International Shooting Centre in Cecil Park, New South Wales, Australia was built for the shooting events at the 2000 Summer Olympics. It has also been used for ISSF World Cup events in 2002, 2004, 2007 and the 2007 rifle and pistol events. It has hosted the Oceania Shooting Federation Championships since 1999 and is available for licensed shooters to use the facilities on a day-by-day basis.

Cecil Park, New South Wales
Cecil Park is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 40 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Fairfield. It is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.
Killeter
Killeter (from Irish Coill Íochtair, meaning 'lower wood') is a small village and townland near Castlederg in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. In the 2021 census it had a population of 93.

Killeter has a yearly August fair, which "celebrates the diversity and richness of rural life". The village itself sits along an ancient pilgrimage trail which winds its way to Lough Derg. The national cycle network traverses part of this trail, which is bounded to the west by Killeter Forest.

The writer Benedict Kiely has stated that he based the fictional village of Carmincross, in his novel Nothing Happens in Carmincross, on Killeter.

Castlederg
Castlederg (earlier Caslanadergy, from Irish Caisleán na Deirge, meaning 'castle on the Derg') is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It lies on the River Derg and is near the border with County Donegal, Ireland. It stands in the townlands of Castlesessagh and Churchtown, in the historic barony of Omagh West and the civil parish of Urney. The town has a ruined castle and two ancient tombs known as the Druid's Altar and Todd's Den. It had a population of 2,980 people at the 2021 census.

The town hosts some of the district's key events each year, including the Derg Vintage Rally, Dergfest music festival, Red River Festival and the traditional Apple Fair.

Castlederg was a traveller's stop along the ancient pilgrimage route to Station Island on Lough Derg. The town boasts ancient ruins and monastic settlements.
Sampeyre
Sampeyre is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

Sampeyre borders the following municipalities: Brossasco, Casteldelfino, Elva, Frassino, Macra, Oncino, Paesana, San Damiano Macra, Sanfront, and Stroppo.

Sanfront
Sanfront is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

Sanfront borders the following municipalities: Barge, Brossasco, Envie, Gambasca, Paesana, Rifreddo, and Sampeyre.
Hugh Hayes
Hugh Hayes (died 5 September 1928) was a unionist politician in Ireland.

Hayes lived in Lurgan.  A Presbyterian, he qualified as a solicitor in 1882.  He was active in the Irish Unionist Party, and by 1907 was the honorary secretary of the West Down Unionist Registration Association.  He was the election agent for William MacCaw at the 1907 West Down by-election, although MacCaw withdrew in favour of Lord Arthur Hill.

Hayes was elected to the British House of Commons, without facing an opponent, for the Ulster Unionist Party, at the 1922 West Down by-election.  He is not recorded as having spoken in the House of Commons His constituency was abolished at the November general election, and Hayes did not stand for Parliament again.

1922 West Down by-election
The 1922 West Down by-election was held on 17 February 1922.  The by-election was held due to the appointment as Chief Clerk to the High Court of Northern Ireland of the incumbent Ulster Unionist MP, Thomas Browne Wallace.  It was won by the UUP candidate Hugh Hayes.
D-aspartate oxidase
In enzymology, D-aspartate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are D-aspartic acid, water and oxygen. Its products are oxaloacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia.

This enzyme belongs to the FAD dependent oxidoreductase family, specifically those acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-aspartate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating). Other names in common use include aspartic oxidase, and D-aspartic oxidase. This enzyme participates in alanine and aspartate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, FAD.

The enzyme is encoded by DDO gene.

DDO (gene)
D-aspartate oxidase is an enzyme that is encoded by the DDO gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a peroxisomal flavoprotein that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-aspartate and N-methyl D-aspartate. Flavin adenine dinucleotide or 6-hydroxyflavin adenine dinucleotide can serve as the cofactor in this reaction. Two (or four, according to Q99489) transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Attiki metro station
Attiki (Greek: Αττική) is a metro station in Athens, Greece. The station opened in 1885. It was the main hub of Attica Railways, a metre gauge network connecting downtown Athens with the mining town of Lavrion and the northern suburbs of Marousi and Kifissia. Lavrion trains were diverted to the SPAP line in 1929 and passenger services to Kifissia were suspended in 1938.

In 1949 the station was converted by the Hellenic Electric Railways to standard gauge, and became the northern terminus of the then-Electric Railway until 1956, when further northern extensions towards Kifissia opened. Two underground platforms were added in 2000 for Athens Metro Line 2 trains. The station entrance and the Line 1 platforms were renovated extensively in 2003–2004.

Part of the old station is used as a trolleybus garage by OSY.

Today the station is served by STASY. There are train storage and a service connection between the Line 1 and Line 2.

Hellenic Electric Railways
The Hellenic Electric Railways (Greek: Ελληνικοί Ηλεκτρικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι, romanized: Ellinikoi Ilektrikoi Sidirodromoi, ΕΗΣ) was a private owned company member of British company "Power and Traction Company Ltd" which operated and extended the present Line 1 of the Athens Metro, from 14 April 1926 to 31 December 1975.

The company was nationalised and replaced by the Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways, on 1 January 1976: that company was later absorbed by STASY on 17 June 2011.
Aksakov (crater)
Aksakov is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 174 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on April 24, 2012. Aksakov is named for the Russian author Sergey Aksakov, who lived from 1791 to 1859 C.E.

Aksakov is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury. Hollows are present along parts of the peak ring and within the unnamed 30-km crater in the interior.

Sergey Aksakov
Sergey Timofeyevich Aksakov (Russian: Серге́й Тимофе́евич Акса́ков, Russian pronunciation: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej tʲɪmɐˈfʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɐˈksakəf]) (1 October [O.S. 20 September] 1791—12 May [O.S. 30 April] 1859) was a 19th-century Russian literary figure remembered for his semi-autobiographical tales of family life, as well as his books on hunting and fishing.
Nat Shapiro
Nat Shapiro (September 27, 1922, New York City - December 15, 1983, New York City) was an American jazz writer and record producer.

Shapiro worked in the music industry from the late 1940s; he was a promotional director for Mercury Records in 1948-50, served as head of public relations for BMI in 1955-56, and was the A&R leader for Columbia Records from 1956–66, during which time he produced dozens of records. His credits as a producer include work with Nina Simone, Phil Woods, and Michel Legrand. With Nat Hentoff, Shapiro co-edited two books on jazz, Hear Me talkin' to Ya (1955) and The Jazz Makers (1957), now recognized as classic historical efforts. He also compiled and edited Encyclopedia of Quotations about Music for Doubleday in 1978. A collection of cynical quotations, Whatever It Is, I'm Against It (1984), was published shortly after his death.

Shapiro introduced Galt MacDermot to Gerome Ragni and Jim Rado, the writers of the musical Hair, and MacDermot composed the score.

Nat Hentoff
Nathan Irving Hentoff (June 10, 1925 – January 7, 2017) was an American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic, and syndicated columnist for United Media. Hentoff was a columnist for The Village Voice from 1958 to 2009. Following his departure from The Voice, Hentoff became a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and continued writing his music column for The Wall Street Journal, which published his works until his death. He often wrote on First Amendment issues, vigorously defending the freedom of the press.

Hentoff was formerly a columnist for: Down Beat, JazzTimes, Legal Times, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The Progressive, Editor & Publisher and Free Inquiry. He was a staff writer for The New Yorker, and his writings were also published in The New York Times, Jewish World Review, The Atlantic, The New Republic, Commonweal, and Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo.
Al-Nabek District
al-Nabek District (Arabic: منطقة النبك, romanized: manṭiqat an-Nabek) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of al-Nabek. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 80,001.

The area of the district is also known as Qalamoun (also transliterated as Qalamun, Qalamūn, Kalamon and Kalamoun).

Districts of Syria
The 14 governorates of Syria, or muhafazat (sing. muhafazah), are divided into 65 districts, or manatiq (sing. mintaqah), including the city of Damascus. The districts are further divided into 281 subdistricts, or nawahi (sing. nahiya). Each district bears the same name as its district capital.

Districts and subdistricts are administered by officials appointed by the governor, subject to the approval of the minister of the interior. These officials work with elected district councils to attend to assorted local needs, and serve as intermediaries between central government authority and traditional local leaders, such as village chiefs, clan leaders, and councils of elders.
Scott L. Smith Jr.
Scott L. Smith Jr. (born 26 May 1983) is a Catholic American author and attorney. Smith is the author of several books of Catholic theology and devotion including 33 Days to the Holy Family and Consecration to St. Joseph for Children and Families co-authored with Fr. Donald Calloway, Near Death Experiences, Pray the Rosary with St. John Paul II, The Catholic ManBook, and a new translation of the Preparation for Total Consecration according to Saint Louis de Montfort. He is the past Chairman of the Men of the Immaculata.

Men of the Immaculata
The Men of the Immaculata (MOTI) was founded in 2017 in the Diocese of Baton Rouge. It is an organization that hosts annual Catholic men's conferences. Scott L. Smith, Jr. is the chairman.

The organization's annual conference program, edited by Smith, is The Catholic ManBook.
P78 road (Ukraine)
P78 is a regional road (P-Highway) in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It runs northwest–southeast and connects Kharkiv with Horokhovatka. The road runs somewhat parallel to the highway M03 between Kharkiv and Izium. Among notable landmarks, there is Zmiiv thermal power station. The road passes such cities like Zmiiv, Slobozhanske, Balakliya, and crosses river Siversky Donets.

In 2019, road rehabilitation works continued on the highway.

State highways (Ukraine)
State highways in Ukraine (Ukrainian: автомобільні дороги державного значення) are subdivided into four categories: international (M-network), national (H-network), regional (P-network), and  territorial (Т-network). The letter's indexes are in Cyrillic, standing for their respective abbreviations in Ukrainian.
Kristian Birger Gundersen
Kristian Birger Gundersen (19 October 1907 – 27 May 1977) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

From 1967 to 1975 Gundersen was the mayor of Hamar. He had been a member of Hamar county council since 1952, and became deputy mayor in 1962.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from the Market towns of Hedmark and Oppland counties during the terms 1945–1949 and 1950–1953.

Hamar
Hamar [ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr] ⓘ is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake. Historically, it was the principal city of the former Hedmark county, now part of the larger Innlandet county.

The town of Hamar lies in the southwestern part of Hamar Municipality. The 14.21-square-kilometre (5.49 sq mi) town has a population (2024) of 30,030 and a population density of 2,113 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,470/sq mi). The urban area of the town actually extends over the municipal borders into both Ringsaker Municipality and Stange Municipality. About 1.7 square kilometres (420 acres) and 2,438 residents within the town are actually located in Ringsaker Municipality and another 0.3 square kilometres (74 acres) and 332 residents of the town are located within Stange Municipality.
Cassation in G major, K. 63
The Cassation in G major, K. 63 is a cassation for orchestra by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, composed around 1769 for the celebration of finalists from the University of Salzburg (hence the common title "Finalmusik"). The work is one of three smaller-scale compositions, all written in 1769 (the others being K. 99/63a and 100/62a).

Cassation (music)
Cassation is a minor musical genre related to the serenade and divertimento. In the mid- to late 18th century, cassations commonly comprised loosely assembled sets of short movements intended for outdoor performance by orchestral or chamber ensembles. The genre was popular in southern German-speaking lands. Other synonymous titles used by German-speaking composers and cataloguers included Cassatio, Cassatione and Kassation. An equivalent Italian term was Cassazione. The genre is occasionally alluded to in the titles of some twentieth-century compositions.
21st Bangladesh National Film Awards
The 21st Bangladesh National Film Awards were presented by the Ministry of Information, Bangladesh, to felicitate the best of Bangladeshi cinema released in the year 1996. The ceremony took place in Dhaka, and awards were given by the President of Bangladesh. The National Film Awards are the only film awards given by the government itself. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in Dhaka. 1996 was the 21st ceremony of the National Film Awards.

National Film Awards (Bangladesh)
The National Film Awards (Bengali: জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার) is an annual awards ceremony held annually in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is considered to be the most significant film award ceremony in Bangladesh. The National Film Awards were established in 1975 by the government of Bangladesh. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entries.