hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2011 Bulgarian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Bulgaria on 23 October 2011, with a runoff held on 30 October 2011. Incumbent president Georgi Parvanov was not eligible for re-election; the Constitution of Bulgaria limits a president to two terms. No candidate won outright in the first round, resulting in a runoff between the eventual winner, Rosen Plevneliev of GERB, and Ivaylo Kalfin of the Bulgarian Socialist Party.

GERB
GERB (ГЕРБ), an acronym for Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Граждани за европейско развитие на България, romanized: Grazhdani za evropeysko razvitie na Bŭlgaria), is a conservative center-right populist political party which was the ruling party of Bulgaria during the periods between 2009–2013, 2016–2021, 2025–present and was supporting the Denkov government between 2023–2024.
I Want You Back
"I Want You Back" is the debut single by American band the Jackson 5. It was released by Motown on October 7, 1969, and became the first number-one hit for the band on January 31, 1970. It was performed on the band's first television appearances, on October 18, 1969, on The Hollywood Palace and on their milestone performance on December 14, 1969, on The Ed Sullivan Show. "I Want You Back" has sold over 6 million copies worldwide.

The song, along with a B-side remake of "Who's Lovin' You" by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, was the only single to be released from the Jackson 5's first album, Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5. It went to number one on the Soul singles chart for four weeks and held the number-one position on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for the week ending January 31, 1970.

"I Want You Back" was ranked 104 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

Freddie Perren
Frederick James Perren (May 15, 1943 – December 16, 2004) was an American songwriter, record producer, arranger, and orchestra conductor. He co-wrote and co-produced songs including "Boogie Fever" by the Sylvers, "I Will Survive" by Gloria Gaynor, and "Shake Your Groove Thing" by Peaches & Herb.
Lychas
Lychas is a genus of scorpions belonging to the family Buthidae. It is one of the most widespread genus of the scorpions, where the species are found throughout in Africa and Seychelles, and in the Oriental region from India to Melanesia.

Buthidae
The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1300 species as of 2025. A few very large genera (Ananteris, Centruroides, Compsobuthus, or Tityus) are known, but a high number of species-poor or monotypic ones also exist. New taxa are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the Buthidae make up the superfamily Buthoidea. The family was established by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.

Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (Hemiscorpius lepturus) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.
Orchot Tzaddikim
Orchot Tzaddikim (Hebrew: אָרְחוֹת צַדִּיקִים, romanized: ‘orḥôt ṣaddîqîm, lit. 'Ways of the Righteous [Ones]') is a book on Jewish ethics written in Germany in the 15th century that is included in the Musar literature; it was first entitled Sefer ha-Middot (סֵפֶר הַמִּדּוֹת, 'Book [of] the Qualities') by the author but called Orḥot Ẓaddiḳim by a later copyist. Under this title, a Yiddish translation, from which the last chapter and some other passages were omitted, was printed at Isny in 1542. However, the Hebrew original did not appear until 1581 in Prague. Subsequently, however, the book was frequently printed in both languages. The author of the work is unknown, but Rabbi Moritz Güdemann (Gesch. iii. 223) advanced a very plausible hypothesis that it was Lipmann Mühlhausen.

Jewish ethics
Jewish ethics are the ethics of the Jewish religion or the Jewish people. A type of normative ethics, Jewish ethics may involve issues in Jewish law as well as non-legal issues, and may involve the convergence of Judaism and the Western philosophical tradition of ethics.
Lanzhou West railway station
Lanzhou West railway station (Chinese: 兰州西站; pinyin: Lánzhōu Xīzhàn) is located in Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province. It is served by the Longhai Railway, Lanzhou–Xinjiang Railway, Lanzhou–Ürümqi High-Speed Railway, Lanzhou–Zhongchuan Airport Intercity Railway and Baoji–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway. It is one of the city's principal railway stations.

Qilihe, Lanzhou
Qilihe District (Chinese: 七里河区; pinyin: Qīlǐhé Qū)  is one of 5 districts of the prefecture-level city of Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, Northwest China. It is one of 17 administrative districts of Gansu.
Malcolm Rose
Malcolm Rose (born 1953) is a British young adult author.  Many of his books, including the Traces and Lawless and Tilley series, are mysteries or thrillers where the hero uses science to catch the criminal or terrorist.

Lawless and Tilley series
The Lawless and Tilley books are a series of crime novels by British author Malcolm Rose. The stories follow the investigations of a scientifically minded, university graduate and fast track detective DI Brett Lawless and his partner, the athletic, art-loving DS Clare Tilley. As with many of Rose's books, it is set in the North of England, in Sheffield. Also a common feature in Rose's books, science often pays a key role in catching criminals.

The seventh book, Flying Blind, ended with the breaking of Lawless and Tilley's partnership. Since it was published in 1999 there have been no more books in the series.
Sister Big Stuff
Sister Big Stuff is an album by reggae musician Prince Buster. It was originally released in 1976, and was re-issued on 180g vinyl and CD through Sunspot Records in November 2011.

At the time of its original release, Sister Big Stuff was a revolutionary record on the reggae scene and was very influential. This album also stands out as it finds Prince Buster singing about his honest observations on life in the ghetto, Rastafarian evangelism, children's rhymes and cinema references.

Prince Buster
Cecil Bustamente Campbell OD (24 May 1938 – 8 September 2016), known professionally as Prince Buster, was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer. The records he released in the 1960s influenced and shaped the course of Jamaican contemporary music and created a legacy of work that would be drawn upon later by reggae and ska artists.
Sandro Nielsen
Sandro Nielsen (born 1961) is a Danish metalexicographer, Associate Professor at Centre for Lexicography at the Aarhus School of Business, Denmark, from where he received his PhD in 1992. Nielsen has contributed to lexicography as a theoretical and practical lexicographer with particular reference to bilingual and multilingual specialised dictionaries (technical dictionaries). He is the author and co-author of more than one hundred publications on lexicography, theoretical papers, printed and electronic (online) dictionaries.

Language-for-specific-purposes dictionary
A language-for-specific-purposes dictionary (LSP dictionary) is a reference work which defines the specialised vocabulary used by experts within a particular field, for example, architecture. The discipline that deals with these dictionaries is specialised lexicography.  Medical dictionaries are well-known examples of the type.
Ruf CTR3
The Ruf CTR3 is a mid-engined sports car produced by German car manufacturer Ruf Automobile. The CTR3 was unveiled at the Bahrain International Circuit on the 20th anniversary of the original Ruf CTR on April 13, 2007 in conjunction with the opening of a new Ruf factory at the circuit.

Continuing the Ruf tradition of enhancing Porsche automobiles, the CTR3 shares the body style and engine type with the contemporaneous Porsche 987 Cayman and Porsche 997.1 Turbo. For the first time, however, it features a Ruf-designed body built on a dedicated platform engineered in conjunction with Multimatic and is styled to reflect the visual feel of vintage Le Mans race cars of the 1950s and 1960s. Additionally, Ruf adopted the Porsche Cayman's mid-engine layout for the new car, rather than the traditional rear-engine layout of the previous CTR models (CTR and CTR2).

Multimatic
Multimatic Inc. is a privately held Canadian corporation that supplies components, systems and engineering services to the global automotive industry. Headquartered in Markham, Ontario, Multimatic has manufacturing divisions and engineering facilities in North America, Europe and Asia. Multimatic was ranked 93 on the Automotive News 2019 Top 100 Global OEM Parts Suppliers list and 56 in their list of the largest suppliers to North America, ranked by sales of original equipment parts in 2018.

Multimatic engineered and constructed the carbon chassis and suspension systems for the RUF CTR3, and Aston Martin One-77, and was Ford's build partner for the third-generation Ford GT. Multimatic also manufactures the lightweight carbon-fibre Monocoque for the Aston Martin Valkyrie. The company has also provided input on the Aston Martin V12 Zagato, Aston Martin CC100, and Aston Martin Vulcan models.
Independence Airport
Independence Airport (FAA LID: 2O7) is a public airport located one mile (1.6 km) north of Independence, serving Inyo County, California, United States. It has two runways and is mostly used for general aviation. The airport is a base for the Bureau of Land Management when fighting wildfires in the Eastern Sierra.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Howard Goodall
Howard Lindsay Goodall (/ˈɡʊdɔːl/; born 26 May 1959) is an English composer of musicals, choral music and music for television. He also presents music-based programmes for television and radio, for which he has won many awards. In May 2008, he was named as a presenter and "Composer-in-Residence" with the UK radio channel Classic FM. In May 2009, he was named "Composer of the Year" at the Classic BRIT Awards.

Charles Hart (lyricist)
Charles Hart is an English lyricist, librettist and songwriter. He is perhaps best known for his work on The Phantom of the Opera as well as a number of other musicals and operas for both stage and television.
Alberto Alcocer y Ribacoba
Alberto Alcocer y Ribacoba (1886–1957) was a Spanish politician.

Born in Orduña, Biscay, he was son to Celestino Alcocer y Valderrama (1855–1924), the Carlist politician, Cortes deputy in 1907 and 1910, and the Carlist jefe for Old Castille. Alcocer y Ribacoba served as mayor of Madrid on two occasions: from 1923 to 1924 and from 1939 to 1946. A Doctor in Law he was awarded the Gold medal of Madrid in 1946. In 1949 he was named the Secretary General of the Bank of Spain.

He died on 30 of May 1957. His son Luis de Alcocer Colored, was a decorated pilot who was awarded a medal for his role in the Spanish Civil War in 1936 but died on 3 October 1941 in a Russian confrontation. Alberto Alcocer y Ribacoba is the grandfather of "The Albertos" the industrialists Alberto Alcocer and Alberto Cortina. A street in Madrid was named after him in 1954.

Orduña-Urduña
Urduña/Orduña (Basque: Urduña; Spanish: Orduña) is an exclave and municipality of 4,232 inhabitants located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the North of Spain.
Gilly Gilly Ossenfeffer Katzenellen Bogen by the Sea
"Gilly Gilly Ossenfeffer Katzenellen Bogen by the Sea" is a popular song written by Al Hoffman and Dick Manning and published in 1954. It was a hit in 1954 in both the United States and United Kingdom, albeit for different artists.

Dick Manning
Dick Manning (born Samuel Medoff (Самуил Медов), June 12, 1912 – April 11, 1991) was a Russian-American songwriter, best known for his many collaborations with Al Hoffman.  Manning composed the first full-length musical to be broadcast on television.  The Boys From Boise aired on the DuMont Television Network in 1944.
Old Dhaka Central Jail
Dhaka Central Jail was the largest jail in Bangladesh, located in the old section of Dhaka, the country's capital. The jail has been used to house criminals as well as political prisoners, especially during the Language Movement of 1952, the 6 Point Movement, and the Bangladesh War of Independence.

However, the jail earned infamy after the killings of four political leaders — A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman, Tajuddin Ahmad, Syed Nazrul Islam and Captain Muhammad Mansur Ali — on the eve of a military counter-coup on 3 November 1975, against the government of president Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad and army chief Ziaur Rahman, which was in power after 15 August after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The slain leaders are mourned by many in Bangladesh today, with the date informally known as "Jail killing day."

Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding president of Bangladesh, was assassinated along with most of his family members during the early hours of 15 August 1975 by a group of Bangladesh Army personnel who invaded his residence as part of a coup d'état. The minister of commerce, Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, immediately took control and proclaimed himself head of an interim government from 15 August to 6 November 1975; he was in turn succeeded by Chief Justice Abu Sayem. The assassination marked the first direct military intervention in Bangladesh's civilian administration. 15 August as National Mourning Day was nationally observed under the Sheikh Hasina government.
Commander of the British Troops in Canada
This is a list of officers who commanded the Regular Troops of the British Army in Canada until 1906, when the last British garrison was withdrawn.

From 1875 there was a separate commander of the Canadian Militia. This officer was responsible to the government of Canada and was the predecessor of the present Commander of the Canadian Army.

Commander of the Canadian Army
Commander of the Canadian Army (French: commandant de l'Armée canadienne) is the title of the institutional head of the Canadian Army. This appointment also includes the title of Chief of the Army Staff (French: chef d'état-major de l'Armée) and is based at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario.
If (magazine)
If was an American science fiction magazine launched in March 1952 by Quinn Publications, owned by James L. Quinn.

The magazine was moderately successful, though for most of its run it was not considered to be in the first tier of American science fiction magazines. It achieved its greatest success under editor Frederik Pohl, winning the Hugo Award for best professional magazine three years running from 1966 to 1968. If published many award-winning stories over its 22 years, including Robert A. Heinlein's novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress and Harlan Ellison's short story "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream". The most prominent writer to make his first sale to If was Larry Niven, whose story "The Coldest Place" appeared in the December 1964 issue.

If was merged into Galaxy Science Fiction after the December 1974 issue, its 175th issue overall.

Science fiction magazine
A science fiction magazine is a publication that offers primarily science fiction, either in a hard-copy periodical format or on the Internet. Science fiction magazines traditionally featured speculative fiction in short story, novelette, novella or (usually serialized) novel form, a format that continues into the present day. Many also contain editorials, book reviews or articles, and some also include stories in the fantasy and horror genres.
The Illustrated American
The Illustrated American was a weekly American periodical published from 1890 until 1900.  It primarily covered current events (with illustrations), but also contained other miscellaneous content and some fiction.

The publication has been described as the first photographic weekly news magazine in the United States.  It was first published on February 22, 1890, out of offices located in New York City, selling for 25 cents an issue, or 10 dollars per year.  The price dropped to a more competitive 10 cents per issue after 1892.

Publisher Lorillard Spencer fronted the money for the new publication, and was its owner until 1897, when it was sold to a group led by Amédée Baillot de Guerville, who in turn sold the publication to Patterson and Roland Burke Hennessey.  The publication's circulation reached 40,000 by 1892, but declined after Spencer sold it, and it last appeared in 1900.

Francis Bellamy, author of the American Pledge of Allegiance, was among its editors.

Francis Bellamy
Francis Julius Bellamy (May 18, 1855 – August 28, 1931) was an American Christian socialist Baptist minister and author. He is best known for writing the original version of the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892.
Shiloh, Waller County, Texas
Shiloh is an unincorporated community in unincorporated northeastern Waller County, Texas, United States, approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Prairie View along Farm to Market Road 1098. The community grew up around the Shiloh Baptist Church, which was established in 1871.

Waller County, Texas
Waller County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 56,794. Its county seat is Hempstead. The county was named for Edwin Waller, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and first mayor of Austin.

Waller County is included in the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. It is home of the Prairie View A&M University.
Guava Island
Guava Island is a 2019 American musical film directed by Hiro Murai (his feature directorial debut) with a screenplay by Stephen Glover and story by Donald Glover, Stephen Glover, Ibra Ake, Jamal Olori and Fam Udeorji. It stars Donald Glover and Rihanna in the lead roles of Deni and Kofi, respectively, and was first exhibited at the Coachella Festival on April 11, 2019. It was then released on April 13, 2019, by Amazon Studios through Amazon Prime Video for anyone to watch without a subscription for 18 hours before being available to Prime subscribers only. In the final hour of the 18 hours, the film was streamed on the Coachella YouTube page and Twitch. Donald Glover was co-headlining at the event as Childish Gambino (his stage name).

Letitia Wright
Letitia Michelle Wright (born 31 October 1993) is a Guyanese-British actress. She began her career with guest roles in the television series Top Boy, Coming Up, Chasing Shadows, Humans, Doctor Who, and Black Mirror. For the latter, she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. She then had her breakthrough for her role in the 2015 film Urban Hymn, for which the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) named Wright among the 2015 group of BAFTA Breakthrough Brits.

In 2018, she attained global recognition for her portrayal of Shuri in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Black Panther, for which she won an NAACP Image Award and a SAG Award. Wright reprised the role in Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022). In 2019, she received the BAFTA Rising Star Award. She also appeared in Steve McQueen's 2020 anthology series Small Axe, which earned her a Satellite Award nomination.
Selective photonic disinfection
Selective photonic disinfection (SEPHODIS) is an ultrashort pulse laser technology invented by Tsen and colleagues to combat pathogens including viruses and bacteria. SEPHODIS uses extremely brief pulses of light to destroy viral capsids while minimizing collateral damage to human cells and proteins. The technology is being developed as a defense system to rapidly produce vaccines against emerging pathogens, and as a method to safeguard the blood supply.

Ultrashort pulse laser
An ultrashort pulse laser is a laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light, generally of the order of femtoseconds to one picosecond. They are also known as ultrafast lasers owing to the speed at which pulses "turn on" and "off"—not to be confused with the speed at which light propagates, which is determined by the properties of the medium (and has an upper limit), particularly its index of refraction, and can vary as a function of field intensity (i.e. self-phase modulation) and wavelength (chromatic dispersion).

Common current ultrashort pulse laser technologies include Ti-sapphire lasers and dye lasers. High output peak power usually requires chirped pulse amplification of a seed pulse from a modelocked laser. Dealing with high optical powers also needs the nonlinear optical phenomena to be taken in account.
Hermitage of Saint Basil
The Hermitage of Agios Vasileios (Greek: Ησυχαστήριο Άγιος Βασίλειος), also sometimes referred to as the Skete of St. Basil (Greek: Σκήτη Αγίου Βασιλείου), is an Orthodox skete on Mount Athos.

The peak of Karmilio Oros (Καρμήλιο Όρος; "Mount Carmel"; elevation: 887 m) lies directly to the northeast of the Skete of St. Basil.: 68  The Holy Chapel of the Holy Glorious Prophet Elijah (Ιερόν Παρεκκλήσιον Αγίου ενδόξου Προφήτου Ηλιού) and some radio towers sit on top of the peak. A footpath connects the skete to the peak, as well as with the Stavros junction (elevation: 730 m), where there are footpaths that lead to the Skete of St. Anne, Kerasia, and Great Lavra.: 57

Footpaths of Mount Athos
Mount Athos has an extensive network of footpaths, many of which date back to the Byzantine period. These paths are typically trails designed for human foot traffic and mules, and are not wide enough for motor vehicles. They connect the various monasteries, sketes, cells, kathismas, and hermitages on the peninsula to each other.
Rimas Entertainment
Rimas Entertainment, commonly known as Rimas, is a Puerto Rican independent record label based in San Juan, Puerto Rico, with offices in Miami, Florida, Caracas, Venezuela and Medellín, Colombia. It mainly focuses on reggaeton and Latin trap. It represents artists such as Bad Bunny, Karol G (through Habibi Management), RaiNao, Mora, Arcángel, Tempo, Eladio Carrión, Pailita, Cris MJ, Amenazzy, Corina Smith, Neutro Shorty, Gigolo & La Exce, Jowell & Randy, Big Soto, Vico C (through Nain Music), Nino Neil, Quevedo and Sech among several others. Music is distributed through The Orchard.

Sech (singer)
Carlos Isaías Morales Williams (born December 3, 1993), known professionally as Sech, is a Panamanian singer, songwriter and record producer. He is from the Río Abajo township of Panama City and is best known for his single "Otro Trago", which was nominated for Best Urban Song and Best Urban Fusion/Performance at the 2019 Latin Grammy Awards. He has collaborated with numerous Latin artists including Maluma, Anitta, Nicky Jam, Daddy Yankee, and Bad Bunny. He released his debut studio album Sueños in April 2019 and his second album 1 of 1  was released on May 21, 2020.