hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luciano Caramel
Luciano Caramel (13 December 1935 – November 2022) was an Italian art critic, curator, and art historian. In the 1980s he was Deputy Director of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan. He taught contemporary art at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan and at Accademia Albertina in Turin. He was an expert on the work of Medardo Rosso. His publications include Arte in Italia 1945-1960, a university textbook.

In 2002, he co-curated with Carlo Chenis the 10th edition of The Sacred Art Biennial in Teramo.

A festschrift dedicated to him, Il presente si fa storia, scritti in onore di Luciano Caramel, was published in 2008.

Caramel died in November 2022, at the age of 86.

Medardo Rosso
Medardo Rosso (Italian: [meˈdardo ˈrosso]; 21 June 1858 – 31 March 1928) was an Italian sculptor. He is considered, like his contemporary and admirer Auguste Rodin, to have been an artist working in a post-Impressionist style.
Edith's 50th Birthday
"Edith's 50th Birthday" (Parts 1 & 2) are the fourth and fifth episodes of the eighth season of the American television sitcom All in the Family. The episodes, which originally aired as a two-part one hour story on CBS on October 16, 1977, were written by Bob Schiller and Bob Weiskopf, and directed by Paul Bogart.

The episodes depict a man (David Dukes) who, while posing as a police detective, attempts to rape the Bunker family matriarch, Edith (Jean Stapleton), on her 50th birthday. This all happens while her family, unaware of what is happening in the Bunkers' living room, prepares for a surprise party next door (at the home of Gloria, Edith's daughter) to honor Edith. The scenes following the assault depict Edith struggling to deal with the aftermath, and her family's attempts to both comfort her and help bring her assailant to justice.

The episodes, the 161st and 162nd of the series, were the first on an American sitcom that portrayed an attempted rape.

Edith Bunker
Edith Bunker is a fictional character on the 1970s sitcom All in the Family (and occasionally Archie Bunker's Place), played by Jean Stapleton. She is married to Archie Bunker, mother of Gloria Stivic, mother-in-law of Michael "Meathead" Stivic, and grandmother of Joey Stivic. Her cousin is Maude Findlay (Bea Arthur), one of Archie's nemeses.

While Edith is typically a traditional and usually subservient wife, Jean Stapleton was a noted feminist.

Series creator Norman Lear said on All Things Considered that the reason why Archie would always tell Edith to stifle herself was because Lear's father told his mother to "stifle".
Rohatyn
Rohatyn (Ukrainian: Рогатин, IPA: [roɦɐˈtɪn] ⓘ; Polish: Rohatyn) is a city located on the Hnyla Lypa River in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Rohatyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 7,521 (2022 estimate).

Hnyla Lypa
Hnyla Lypa (Ukrainian: Гнила Липа; Polish: Gniła Lipa) is a river in Ukraine, a tributary of the Dniester river.

The name literally means "rotten linden tree" both in Polish and Ukrainian.  It  runs parallel to the Zolota Lypa river.

The river is namesake to the Battle of Gnila Lipa on 29–30 August 1914, where the Imperial Russian Army defeated the Austro-Hungarian Army.
Kansas City Athletics
The Kansas City Athletics were a Major League Baseball team that played in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1955 to 1967, having previously played in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as the Philadelphia Athletics. After moving to Oakland, California in 1967, the team became the Oakland Athletics. In 2025, the team moved to West Sacramento, California as the Athletics, and plans ultimately to move to the Las Vegas metropolitan area.

The Kansas City franchise played at Municipal Stadium from 1955 to 1967.

The Kansas City Athletics had an overall win–loss record of 829–1,224–7 (.404) during their 13 years in Kansas City. Four Kansas City Athletics players were elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame: Satchel Paige, Reggie Jackson, Enos Slaughter, and Catfish Hunter.

Mel McGaha
Fred Melvin McGaha (/məkˈɡeɪheɪ/ mək-GAY-hay; September 26, 1926 – February 3, 2002) was an American coach and manager in Major League Baseball as well as a professional basketball player. Born in Bastrop, Louisiana, he stood 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 198 pounds (90 kg). McGaha graduated from the University of Arkansas and played a season of professional basketball with the New York Knicks of the NBA.
Hectorville, South Australia
Hectorville is a small suburb of Adelaide in the City of Campbelltown, one of eight suburbs within the city. The public primary school, East Torrens Primary and Catholic primary school, St Joseph's School, Hectorville, is located within the suburb.

St Joseph's School, Hectorville
St Joseph's School, Hectorville is a Roman Catholic primary school in the Australian state of South Australia located in the suburb of Hectorville, Adelaide, founded in 1863, and conducted by the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart.
Emmanuel Moulin
Emmanuel Pierre René Moulin (born 22 October 1968) is a French civil servant who has been serving as secretary general of the presidency under Emmanuel Macron since 2025. From January to September 2024, he served as chief of staff to prime minister Gabriel Attal. From 2020 to 2024, he served as director general of the treasury. From 2017 to 2020, he served as chief of staff to minister of finance Bruno Le Maire.

Direction générale du Trésor
The Direction générale du Trésor (DG Trésor, English: Directorate General of the Treasury, or French Treasury) is the flagship Directorate General of the French Ministry of the Economy and Finance. It holds an advisory role within the French Government on matters ranging from domestic to international economic policy. Its main offices are located in Paris, in the building of Bercy. The DG Trésor also represents and defends French economic interests abroad by overseeing the economic departments of embassies (French : service économique), and by providing permanent representations at international organizations (IMF, World Bank Group, OECD, WTO, G20, G7, specific comities of the European Commission, etc.).

The Direction générale du Trésor should not be confused with the Trésor public, a national administration responsible for France's governmental accounting.
Phil Besler
Philip Rudolph Besler (December 9, 1911 — February 22, 1986) was a Canadian hockey player who played 30 games in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins, Chicago Black Hawks, and Detroit Red Wings between 1935 and 1939. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1934 to 1942, was spent in different minor leagues. Besler was born in Melville, Saskatchewan and died in Tacoma, Washington

Melville, Saskatchewan
Melville is a city in the east-central portion of Saskatchewan, Canada. The city is about 145 kilometres (90 mi) northeast of the provincial capital of Regina and 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Yorkton. Melville is bordered by the rural municipalities of Cana No. 214 and Stanley No. 215. Its population at the 2016 census was 4,562, making it Saskatchewan's smallest city. It is also home of hockey's Melville Millionaires, who compete in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League, and baseball's Melville Millionaires, who competed in the Western Canadian Baseball League until 2019.
Pseudo-Anosov map
In mathematics, specifically in topology, a pseudo-Anosov map is a type of a diffeomorphism or homeomorphism of a surface. It is a generalization of a linear Anosov diffeomorphism of the torus. Its definition relies on the notion of a measured foliation introduced by William Thurston, who also coined the term "pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphism" when he proved his classification of diffeomorphisms of a surface.

Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, a diffeomorphism is an isomorphism of differentiable manifolds. It is an invertible function that maps one differentiable manifold to another such that both the function and its inverse are continuously differentiable.
Friendly society
A friendly society (sometimes called a benefit society, mutual aid society, benevolent society, fraternal organization or ROSCA) is a mutual association for the purposes of insurance, pensions, savings or cooperative banking. It is a mutual organization or benefit society composed of a body of people who join together for a common financial or social purpose. Before modern insurance and the welfare state, friendly societies provided financial and social services to individuals, often according to their religious, political, or trade affiliations. These societies are still widespread in many parts of the developing world, where they are referred to as ROSCAs (rotating savings and credit associations), ASCAs (accumulating savings and credit associations), burial societies, chit funds, etc.

Rotating savings and credit association
A rotating savings and credit association (ROSCA) is a group of individuals who agree to meet for a defined period in order to save and borrow together, a form of combined peer-to-peer banking and peer-to-peer lending. Members all chip in regularly and take turns withdrawing accumulated sums.

Economist F. J. A. Bouman described ROSCAs as "the poor man's bank, where money is not idle for long but changes hands rapidly, satisfying both consumption and production needs."
Marbled lungfish
The marbled lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) is a lungfish of the family Protopteridae. Also known as the leopard lungfish, it is found in Eastern and Central Africa, as well as the Nile region. At 133 billion base pairs, it has the largest known genome of any animal and one of the largest of any organism, along with the flowering plant Paris japonica, the fern Tmesipteris oblanceolata and the protist Polychaos dubium at 150 billion, 160 billion and 670 billion, respectively.

The marbled lungfish is caught in large numbers throughout much of its range, including several hundred metric tonnes per year in Mwanza Region's Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria alone. It is mostly a food fish, although this varies depending on the exact community, with some recognizing it as a delicacy and others strongly disliking its taste or considering it as a taboo to eat it. In some regions, parts of this fish are used as traditional medicine.

Paris japonica
Paris japonica (キヌガサソウ, Kinugasasō; canopy plant) is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae, native to Japan.

It is native to sub-alpine regions of Japan. A slow growing perennial, it flowers in July. The rare, showy white star-like flower is borne above a single whorl of six to eleven stem leaves, which is always the same as the number of petals in the flower. The number of sepals, stamens and carpels follow this same pattern. It prefers cool, humid, shady places.
Ford Pinto engine
The Ford Pinto engine was the unofficial name for a four-cylinder internal combustion engine built by Ford Europe. In Ford sales literature, it was referred to as the EAO or OHC engine. Because it was designed to the metric system, it was sometimes called the "metric engine". The internal Ford codename for the unit was the T88-series engine. European Ford service literature refers to it as the Taunus In-Line engine (hence the TL codenames). In North America it was known as the Lima In-Line (LL), or simply the Lima engine due to its being manufactured at Lima Engine in Lima, Ohio.

It was used in many European Ford cars and was exported to the United States to be used in the Ford Pinto, a successful subcompact car of the 1970s, hence the name which is used most often for the unit. In Britain, it is commonly used in many kit cars and hot rods, especially in the 2-litre size.

Merkur XR4Ti
The Merkur XR4Ti is a performance-oriented 3-door hatchback sold in North America from 1985 to 1989. A product of the Ford Motor Company, the car was a version of the European Ford Sierra adapted to U.S. regulations. The XR4Ti project was championed by Ford vice president Bob Lutz.
Rainbow, Victoria
Rainbow is a town in the Shire of Hindmarsh in northwest Victoria, Australia, 400 kilometres (250 mi) from Melbourne. The nearest large towns are Warracknabeal, Dimboola and Nhill, all to the south. At the 2021 census, Rainbow had a population of 672.

Enough Rope
Enough Rope with Andrew Denton (often shortened to Enough Rope) is a television interview show originally broadcast on ABC1 in Australia. The title of the show came from the phrase "give someone enough rope and they'll hang themselves".

The program was the brainchild of Australian comedian, social critic, producer and media personality Andrew Denton, who hosted the show. The hour-long chat show aired from 2003 to 2008.
Boston Atlas
The Boston Atlas (1832–1857) newspaper of Boston, Massachusetts, was published in daily and semi-weekly editions in the mid-19th century. John H. Eastburn established the paper in 1832. Editors included Richard Hildreth, Richard Haughton, William Hayden, Thomas M. Brewer, William Schouler, R. Carter. Among the contributors: Joseph Carter Abbott, Benjamin Perley Poore, Samuel F. Tappan. Its office stood at no.18 State Street and later in the Old State House. The paper supported the Whig Party. Its Democratic rival, with which it sparred constantly, was The Boston Post. In 1857 the Boston Traveller absorbed The Atlas.

Richard Hildreth
Richard Hildreth (June 28, 1807 – July 11, 1865), was an American journalist, author and historian. He is best known for writing his six-volume History of the United States of America covering 1497–1821 and published 1840-1853.  Historians consider it a highly accurate political history of the early Republic, but with a strong bias in favor of the Federalist Party and the abolition of slavery. Richard Hildreth was a Federalist & staunch abolitionist from Massachusetts. Richard Hildreth was a widely acclaimed historian for his time. At the time of his death in 1865 he still had many unfinished works.
Sniadecki (crater)
Sniadecki is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. This is a circular, bowl-shaped feature that is not overlain by any significant impacts. However the larger satellite crater Sniadecki Q is attached to the southwestern outer rim and has disrupted the rim edge somewhat. There is also a small crater attached to the western outer rim.

To the northeast of Sniadecki is a small lunar mare feature that has been designated Lacus Oblivionis. To the northwest of Sniadecki is the crater Bok.

Lacus Oblivionis
Lacus Oblivionis (Latin oblīviōnis, "Lake of Forgetfulness") is a small lunar mare on the surface of the Moon. It is located on the far side of the Moon at 21.0° S, 168.0° W and is 50 km in diameter.  The name was adopted by the IAU in 1976.

The crater Mohorovičić R (satellite of Mohorovičić) lies to the northeast, and the crater Sniadecki Y (satellite of Sniadecki) lies to the southwest.
Cotton Eyed Joe (album)
Cotton Eyed Joe is a live album by American musician Karen Dalton recorded in October 1962, but not released until 2007, as a set of two CDs and a DVD.

At the time Dalton, her husband, and daughter lived in a shack in the Colorado mountains, without electricity or running water, and she would occasionally play at the Attic, a folk club in Boulder, Colorado. The album is a recording of a performance there, made by the club's co-proprietor and a friend of Dalton's, Joe Loop.

Karen Dalton
Karen J. Dalton (born Jean Karen Cariker; July 19, 1937 – March 19, 1993) was an American country blues singer, guitarist, and banjo player. She was associated with the early 1960s Greenwich Village folk music scene, particularly with Fred Neil, the Holy Modal Rounders, and Bob Dylan. Although she did not enjoy much commercial success during her lifetime, her music has gained significant recognition since her death. Artists like Nick Cave, Devendra Banhart, and Joanna Newsom have noted her as an influence.
Rosnówko, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Rosnówko [rɔsˈnufkɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komorniki, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is situated on the shores of Rosnowskie Duże Lake.

Gmina Komorniki
Gmina Komorniki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Komorniki, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.

The gmina covers an area of 66.55 square kilometres (25.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 14,353. The largest village is Komorniki, with 3,500 inhabitants.
Hamish Moore
Hamish Moore is a Scottish musician and bagpipe maker. Among Moore's contributions to Scottish music are his development of a revived form of the bellows-blown Scottish smallpipes; his 1985 recording of the Lowland and smallpipes, Cauld Wind Pipes, was the first contemporary complete recording of this instrument. In the 1980s and 1990s, Moore was also instrumental in exploring the links between the Scottish diaspora music of Canada's Cape Breton Island, and earlier Scottish traditions. Moore taught at Cape Breton's Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts, and in 1996 returned to South Uist, Scotland, to form his Ceolas musical summer school, which included Cape Breton instructors and influences.

Hamish is father of Fin Moore, also a Scottish smallpiper and border piper.

Scottish smallpipes
The Scottish smallpipe is a bellows-blown bagpipe re-developed by Colin Ross and many others, adapted from an earlier design of the instrument. There are surviving bellows-blown examples of similar historical instruments as well as the mouth-blown Montgomery smallpipes, dated 1757, which are held in the National Museum of Scotland.  Some instruments are being built as direct copies of historical examples, but few modern instruments are directly modelled on older examples; the modern instrument is typically larger and lower-pitched. The innovations leading to the modern instrument, in particular the design of the reeds, were largely taken from the Northumbrian smallpipes.

Although there is evidence of small pipes dating back to 15th century, in its current form it is perhaps the youngest bagpipe with widespread popularity, having only existed in this form since the early 1980s.
Berlin State Library
The Berlin State Library (German: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; officially abbreviated as SBB, colloquially Stabi) is a universal library in Berlin, Germany, and a property of the German public cultural organization the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (German: Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz).

Founded in 1661, it is among the largest libraries in Europe, and one of the most important academic research libraries in the German-speaking world. It collects texts, media and cultural works from all fields across many languages, from all time periods and all countries of the world, and offers them for academic and research purposes.

Prominent items in its collection include the oldest biblical illustrations in the fifth-century Quedlinburg Itala fragment, a Gutenberg Bible, the main autograph collection of Goethe, the world's largest collection of Johann Sebastian Bach's and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's manuscripts, and the original score of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony № 9.

Bebelplatz
The Bebelplatz (formerly and colloquially the Opernplatz) is a public square in the central Mitte district of Berlin, the capital of Germany. Following World War II, the square was renamed after August Bebel, a founder of the Social Democratic Party of Germany in the 19th century.

The square is located on the south side of the Unter den Linden boulevard, a major east-west thoroughfare that runs through Berlin's city center. It consists of a green area to the east and an open area to the west of the State Opera building, which it surrounds (hence its prewar name). It is bounded to the east by the Prinzessinnenpalais, to the west by the Alte Bibliothek and the Old Palace, and to the southeast by St. Hedwig's Cathedral, the first Catholic church built in Prussia after the Reformation.
Battle of the Sarno
The Battle of the Sarno (7 July 1460), also known as the Battle of Nola, was a decisive defeat of the forces of Ferdinand, king of Naples, by his dissatisfied barons supporting the claim of John of Anjou, duke of Lorraine. It was fought in the plain at the mouth of the Sarno River in Campania, south of Mount Vesuvius. John's forces were strengthened by reinforcements from Jacopo Piccinino, who on the 27th defeated papal and Milanese forces under Alessandro Sforza and Federigo of Urbino near San Fabiano.

Ferdinand escaped with only twenty men but, with the help of Pope Pius II, the duke of Milan, the Albanian lord Skanderbeg, and the king of Aragon, was ultimately able to defeat John at the battle of Troia on 18 August 1462 and off Ischia in 1465.

John II, Duke of Lorraine
John II of Anjou (Nancy, August 2, 1426 – December 16, 1470, Barcelona) was Duke of Lorraine from 1453 to his death. He was the son of René of Anjou and Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine.  He was married to Marie de Bourbon, daughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon.
Minara Resources
Minara Resources was a mining company in Western Australia, specialising in the mining of cobalt and nickel. Minara operated the Murrin Murrin Mine located in the north-east Western Australian Goldfields.

Based in Perth, Minara Resources was founded in 1994 as the successor to Anaconda Nickel which was founded by Fortescue chief Andrew Forrest. In 2006, it had a market capitalisation of approximately $1.3 billion. At the time of takeover, it was valued at $1.02 billion.

In August 2011, Glencore launched a successful takeover offer for the 27% of shares it didn't own. Minara Resources was delisted from the Australian Securities Exchange in October 2011.

Andrew Forrest
John Andrew Henry Forrest AO (born 18 November 1961), nicknamed Twiggy, is an Australian businessman. He is best known as the founder and current executive chairman of mining company Fortescue, one of Australia's largest companies.

Dr Forrest established Minderoo Foundation, Australia's largest philanthropic organisation, and Tattarang, one of Australia's largest investment groups.

With an assessed net worth of A$33.29 billion according to the Financial Review Rich List 2023, Forrest was ranked as the second richest Australian. The Australian Financial Review named him the richest person in Australia in 2008.

In 2013, Andrew and Nicola Forrest, made The Giving Pledge.

Dr Forrest holds a Doctor of Philosophy (PHD) in Marine Ecology.
Lane Public School
Lane Independent School District No. C-22, operating as Lane Public School, is a school district, consisting of a single K-8 school, headquartered in Lane, Oklahoma.

It includes the majority of the Lane census-designated place. The district also includes the unincorporated area of Farris.

Students above the eighth grade who graduated from the Lane School on most occasions select Atoka High School in (of Atoka Public Schools) or Stringtown high school (of Stringtown School District).

Lane, Oklahoma
Lane is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States.

A post office was established at Lane, Indian Territory on October 6, 1902.  Its name reflects the fact the new post office was located in a building which was at the end of lane bounded by rail fencing.  At the time of its founding, Lane was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era government unit.

The population was 300 as of the 2020 Census.

Lane is located along the State Highway 3, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Atoka.

McGee Creek Reservoir, which impounds the waters of McGee Creek, lies northeast of Lane. McGee Creek is a tributary of Muddy Boggy Creek, which flows east of Lane.

The famous rodeo world champion Lane Frost (1963-1989) once lived in Lane, as do his parents. Frost graduated from high school in Atoka.