hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Towner County, North Dakota
Towner County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population is 2,162, and was estimated to be 2,051 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Cando. It is south of the Canada–US border with Manitoba.

Ramsey County, North Dakota
Ramsey County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,605, and was estimated to be 11,510 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Devils Lake.
Siobhan Byrne
Siobhan Claire Byrne (born August 13, 1984) is a German-born Irish sabre fencer. She is a four-time All-American (2005–2008), a three-time Academic All-Big Ten honoree, and a two-time medalist at the Junior World Cup Fencing Series. She also won a bronze medal for her category at the 2007 Junior European Championships in Conegliano, Italy, and was ranked as the no. 1 Irish fencer.

Byrne represented Ireland at the 2008 Summer Olympics where she competed in the women's individual sabre event. She lost the first preliminary round match to Poland's Irena Więckowska, with a score of 8–15.

Byrne was also a member of the Ohio State Buckeyes fencing team (under coach Vladimir Nazlymov), and a summa cum laude graduate, with a degree in health information management and systems, at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio.

Vladimir Nazlymov
Vladimir Aliverovich Nazlymov (born November 1, 1945; Russian: Владимир Аливерович Назлымов) is a former sabre fencer, and coach for the USSR and later the United States, to which he moved in 1991, of Crimean Tatar origin. He won three team Olympic sabre gold medals, and was the head coach of the Soviet Union Military Fencing Team for 14 years. He then coached in the United States, notably for Ohio State University, from which he retired in lieu of termination during an NCAA investigation that found him guilty of aggravated level I violations, sanctioned him, and vacated a number of records of the team and its members. He now serves as a coach at the Nazlymov Fencing Foundation, which was founded by his son and daughter-in-law.
Gwyneth Jones (soprano)
Dame Gwyneth Jones DBE (born 7 November 1936) is a Welsh dramatic soprano, widely regarded as one of the greatest Wagnerian sopranos of the second half of the 20th century.  The possessor of a large-scaled, powerful dramatic soprano voice, joined to a vivid stage presence and finely developed acting ability, Jones enjoyed an extensive international career that took her to all the world's major opera houses.  Her talent was cultivated through a long relationship with the Bayreuther Festspiele, through which she developed a more human, vulnerable, and womanly image for Richard Wagner's main female characters.  She is best known for her rendition of Brünnhilde in the 1976 Jahrhundertring at Bayreuth, staged to commemorate the theater's centenary anniversary.

Médée (Cherubini)
Médée is a French language opéra-comique by Luigi Cherubini. The libretto by François-Benoît Hoffman (Nicolas Étienne Framéry) was based on Euripides' tragedy of Medea and Pierre Corneille's play Médée. It is set in the ancient city of Corinth.

The opera was premiered on 13 March 1797 at the Théâtre Feydeau, Paris. It met with a lukewarm reception and was not immediately revived.  During the twentieth century, it was usually performed in Italian translation as Medea, with the spoken dialogue replaced by recitatives not authorized by the composer.  More recently, some performances have used Cherubini's original version.

The long-lost final aria, which Cherubini appears to have elided from his original manuscript, was discovered by researchers from the University of Manchester and Stanford University by employing x-ray techniques to reveal the blackened out areas of Cherubini's manuscript.
Will He Round the Point?
Will He Round the Point? (Danish: Vil han klare pynten?) is an 1880 oil-on-canvas painting by Michael Ancher, a Danish painter associated with the Skagen Painters. The painting is particularly notable as Ancher sold it to Christian IX of Denmark, bringing Skagen and its artistic community to wider attention.

Michael Ancher
Michael Peter Ancher (9 June 1849 – 19 September 1927) was a Danish realist artist, widely known for his paintings of fishermen, the Skagerrak and the North Sea, and other scenes from the Danish fishing community in Skagen.
Green Grass, South Dakota
Green Grass (Lakota: wakpála phežŋ; "creek [of the] grass") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Dewey County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 21 at the 2020 census.

The community takes its name from nearby Green Grass Creek.

Cheyenne-Eagle Butte School
Eagle Butte School District 20-1, is a school district with its headquarters in Eagle Butte, South Dakota. The district covers sections of Ziebach County and Dewey County.

The district and the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) jointly administer the Cheyenne-Eagle Butte School (C-EB), with the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe being represented in the management process. The BIE categorizes the school as BIE-operated.

The school and the community lie within the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation.
John Stanley (radio broadcaster)
John Stanley is an Australian radio broadcaster, who as of 2014 was the co-host with Paul B. Kidd of the breakfast show on Sydney radio station 2GB, a station he worked at since the 1990s.

In 2014, Stanley received the title of "Radio commentator of the year" at the Kennedy Awards for Excellence in NSW Journalism.

Paul B. Kidd
Paul Benjamin Kidd (1945 – 26 December 2021) was an Australian author, journalist, and radio show host. From 2001 until 2020, Kidd was the co-host of the 2UE George and Paul weekend show with George Moore; from 2020 until his death, he co-hosted Weekends with John and Paul with John Stanley on 2GB. Kidd was also a prolific true crime writer, having published a large number of books about high-profile murder cases across Australia and the world.
Dreamer (1979 film)
Dreamer is a 1979 American sports film directed by Noel Nosseck, written by Larry Bischof and James Proctor, and starring Tim Matheson, Susan Blakely and Jack Warden. It was released theatrically on April 27, 1979, and was released by 20th Century Fox through Magnetic Video on home video.

Alton, Illinois
Alton (/ˈɔːltən/ AWL-tən) is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about 18 miles (29 km) north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 25,676 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the River Bend area in the Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

It is well known for its limestone bluffs along the river north of the city. It's the former location of an historical state penitentiary, and played a significant role preceding and during the American Civil War. It was the site of the last Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in October 1858. The former state penitentiary in Alton was used during the Civil War to hold up to 12,000 Confederate prisoners of war.
Zachary Taylor Davis
Zachary Taylor Davis (May 26, 1869 – December 16, 1946) was the architect of several major Chicago buildings, including St. Ambrose Church (1904) Comiskey Park (1910), Wrigley Field (1914), Mount Carmel High School (1924), and St. James Chapel of Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary (1918).

Mount Carmel High School (Chicago)
Mount Carmel High School is an all-boys Catholic high school in Chicago's Woodlawn neighborhood.  Located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago, the school has been operated by the Carmelite order of priests and brothers since 1900.  Several priests and brothers who teach at the school live in the nearby Saint Cyril Priory, though most of the staff consists of lay teachers.

Mount Carmel is occasionally confused with Carmel High School in Mundelein, Illinois, and Mount Carmel High School in Mount Carmel, Illinois.  The former is also a Carmelite school, while the latter is the town of Mount Carmel's only public high school.
Prairie Schooners
Prairie Schooners is a 1940 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson, and stars Wild Bill Elliott, Evelyn Young, and Dub Taylor. It is the first in Columbia Pictures' series of 12 "Wild Bill Hickok" films, followed by Beyond the Sacramento.

Sam Nelson
Sam Nelson (1896–1963) was an American film director who worked from the end of the silent era through the early 1960s. While most of his film work was in the assistant director role, he did direct over twenty films during the 1930s and 1940s, all of which were Westerns. As an assistant director, he worked on such productions as Pennies from Heaven, And Then There Were None, All the King's Men, the original 3:10 to Yuma, Some Like It Hot, A Raisin in the Sun, and Spartacus. In addition, he appeared in over a dozen films in small acting roles.
Raghuvinte Swantham Raziya
Raghuvinte Swantham Raziya (transl. Raghu's own Raziya) is a 2011 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film co-produced, co-written, and directed by Vinayan, starring Meghana Raj, Murali Krishnan, Gautham Krishn, Lakshmi Menon, Thilakan, Spadikam George, and Charuhasan. The film tells a Hindu-Muslim love story.

Vinayan
T. G. Vinayakumar, professionally credited as Vinayan, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, and lyricist, who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema and occasionally in Tamil cinema. He has directed 40 Malayalam films and 4 Tamil films.
Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing
Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing is an educational podcast produced by Mignon Fogarty that was launched in July 2006 and the title of a print book by Fogarty that was released in July 2008. The podcast, which has ranked as high as #2 on iTunes, offers short one-topic English grammar lessons at no charge to subscribers hoping to improve their writing skills.

The podcast is part of the Quick and Dirty Tips podcast network operated by Macmillan Publishers. The print book offers advice similar to that found in the podcast and reached number nine on the New York Times Best Seller list for paperback advice books.

Mignon Fogarty
Mignon Fogarty (born 1967) is a former faculty member in journalism at the University of Nevada, Reno, and a former science writer who produces an educational podcast about English grammar and usage titled Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, which was named one of the best podcasts of 2007 by iTunes. She is also the founder of the Quick and Dirty Tips podcasting network.
F. Sherwood Rowland
Frank Sherwood "Sherry" Rowland (June 28, 1927 – March 10, 2012) was an American Nobel laureate and a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. His research was on atmospheric chemistry and chemical kinetics. His best-known work was the discovery that chlorofluorocarbons contribute to ozone depletion.

Chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). They are produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane.

The most common example of a CFC is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12). R-12, also commonly called Freon, is used as a refrigerant. Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), gaseous fire suppression systems, and solvents. As a result of CFCs contributing to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) including R-410A, R-134a and R-1234yf.
Piazza Salimbeni
The Piazza Salimbeni is a prominent square in central Siena, Region of Tuscany, Italy. It is notable for still housing the offices of one of the first banking houses in Europe, the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena. It is surrounded clockwise starting from north by the following palaces:

Palazzo Tantucci

Palazzo Salimbeni

Palazzo Spannocchi

The palace facades were harmonized to a neo-gothic-style during the nineteenth century by the architect Giuseppe Partini. In the center of the square is the statue of Sallustio Bandini, a Sienese priest and one of the first Italian economists, sculpted by Tito Sarrocchi (1882).

Sallustio Bandini
Sallustio Bandini (19 April 1677 – 8 June 1760) was an Italian archdeacon, economist, and politician.

He was an advocate of free trade, and removal of local feudal tariffs and tolls. He wrote an influential piece on this subject, titled Discorso Economico sopra la Maremma di Siena, published posthumously in 1775. Approximately two years before his death, Bandini donated his private library to the University of Siena, under the agreement that the almost 3000 volumes would be made publicly available. From this donation the Biblioteca della Sapienza was formed, now known as Biblioteca Comunale degli Intronati.
Edward Doran Webb
Edward Doran Webb FSA (1864–1931) was a British ecclesiastical architect.

Based in Wiltshire, he worked on several churches including at Salisbury, Finchley, Swindon and Aldermaston. Webb also designed the Birmingham Oratory. He had strong connections to the University of Cambridge, and designed a large stone country house for a senior member of St John's College in the west of the city before retiring; the limestone house is in the stately Queen Anne style.

Webb was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and this affiliation may be the source of his connection to scholars at the University of Cambridge. He was married to Elsie Janet Charlton on 30 January 1899 and lived at Gaston Manor in Tisbury, Wiltshire almost until the end of his life.

St Osmund's Church, Salisbury
St Osmund's Church is a Roman Catholic church in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. It was designed by Augustus Pugin in the Gothic Revival style and built in 1847–1848. It is on Exeter Street, opposite Bishop Wordsworth's School, in the city centre. It is a Grade II listed building.
Alexandra Mountains
The Alexandra Mountains (77°25′S 153°30′W﻿ / ﻿77.417°S 153.500°W﻿ / -77.417; -153.500﻿ (Alexandra Mountains)) are a group of low, separated mountains in the north portion of Edward VII Peninsula, just southwest of Sulzberger Bay in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica.

Marie Byrd Land
Marie Byrd Land (MBL) is an unclaimed region of Antarctica. With an area of 1,610,000 km2 (620,000 sq mi), it is the largest unclaimed territory on Earth. It was named after the wife of American naval officer Richard E. Byrd, who explored the region in the early 20th century.

The territory lies in West Antarctica, east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean portion of the Antarctic or Southern Ocean, extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast. It stretches between 158°W and 103°24'W. The inclusion of the area between the Rockefeller Plateau and Eights Coast is based upon Byrd's exploration.
Motoring Today
Motoring Today is a Philippine motoring and motorsports television program, premiered on 7 June 1987, hosted by its creator Ray Butch Gamboa and race car driver Pocholo Ramirez. In 2019, Ray Louis Gamboa and Suzy Gamboa replaced their father as the hosts. It was the longest-running motoring and motorsports program on Philippine television, and has a counterpart weekly column, penned by Gamboa, in the daily newspaper The Philippine STAR.

Since its inception, Motoring Today has been produced by Sunshine Television Ventures, Inc. and has been aired on PTV 4 from 1987 to 2006, and again, from 2008 until 2009 and IBC 13 from 1989 to 2005, when it transferred to Solar Sports. It currently airs every Sunday at 8:30 am.

Solar Sports
Solar Sports is a Philippine digital free-to-air television network based in Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, Philippines. It serves as the flagship network of Southern Broadcasting Network, a subsidiary of Solar Entertainment Corporation. The channel was originally launched as a cable channel on October 30, 2002, and is available for Sky Cable, Cablelink, Sky Direct, other local cable operators in the Philippines and via digital free-to-air television in Mega Manila starting October 7, 2024.
Nucleus prepositus
The nucleus prepositus or nucleus prepositus hypoglossi is one of the largest of the three perihypoglossal nuclei. It is situated in the caudal pons and rostral medulla oblongata. It contributes to several aspects of gaze control including the horizontal gaze holding system.

Injury to the nucleus prepositus results in inability to hold gaze upon a visual target; conjugate eye movement is unaffected.

It may be conceptually regarded as a vestibular nucleus.

Paramedian pontine reticular formation
The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)  is a subset of neurons of the oral and caudal pontine reticular nuclei. With the abducens nucleus it makes up the horizontal gaze centre. It is situated in the pons adjacent to the abducens nucleus. It projects to the ipsilateral abducens (cranial nerve VI) nucleus, and contralateral oculomotor (cranial nerve III) nucleus to mediate conjugate horizontal gaze and saccades.
Peia
Peia (Bergamasque: Pèa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,817 and an area of 4.4 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi).

The municipality of Peia contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Peia Bassa  and Cima Peia.

Peia borders the following municipalities: Bianzano, Gandino, Leffe, Ranzanico.

Province of Bergamo
The province of Bergamo (Italian: provincia di Bergamo; Bergamasque: proìnsa de Bèrghem) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Bergamo. The province has a population of 1,103,768 (2023), an area of 2,754.91 square kilometers (1,063.68 sq mi), and contains 242 comuni (municipalities).
Domodossola
Domodossola (Italian: [ˌdɔmoˈdɔssola]), locally also Domo (Ossolano: Dòmm), is a city and comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the region of Piedmont, northern Italy. The Peruvian aviation pioneer, Jorge Chávez, died here in 1910 in an airplane crash.

Jorge Chávez
Georges Antoine Chavez (January 13, 1887 – September 27, 1910), also known as Jorge Chávez or Géo Chavez, was a Peruvian aviator. At a young age, he achieved fame for his aeronautical feats. He died in 1910 after a heavy wind broke the wings of his fragile airplane Bleriot XI, falling from a twenty-meter height upon landing, after achieving the first air crossing of the Pennine Alps.
Challenge of the Yukon
Challenge of the Yukon is an American radio adventure series that began on Detroit's WXYZ and is an example of a Northern genre story.  The series was first heard on January 3, 1939. The title changed from Challenge of the Yukon to Sergeant Preston of the Yukon in September 1950, and that title was retained through the end of the series and into a television adaptation.

Quaker Oats Company
The Quaker Oats Company, known as Quaker, is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago, Illinois. As Quaker Mill Company, the company was founded in 1877 in Ravenna, Ohio. In 1881, Henry Parsons Crowell bought the company and launched a national advertising campaign for Quaker Oats.

In 1911, the company acquired the Great Western Cereal Company. The iconic cylindrical package was introduced in 1915. The company's logo, which depicts a Quaker man, has had several iterations.

In 1983, Quaker acquired Stokely-Van Camp, Inc., the maker of Van Camp's and Gatorade. In 2001, PepsiCo bought Quaker Oats for $14 billion, primarily to acquire the Gatorade brand.
SnackWell effect
The SnackWell effect is a phenomenon whereby dieters will eat more low-calorie cookies, such as SnackWell's, than they otherwise would for normal cookies. Also known as moral license, it is also described as a term for the way people go overboard once they are given a free pass or the tendency of people to overconsume when eating more of low-fat food due to the belief that it is not fattening.

The term, which emerged as a reaction to dietary trends in the 1980s and 1990s, is also used for similar effects in other settings, such as energy consumption, where it is termed the "rebound effect". For example, according to a 2008 study, people with energy-efficient washing machines wash more clothes. People with energy-efficient lights leave them on longer, and lose 5–12% of the expected energy savings of 80%.

SnackWell's
SnackWell's was an American brand of foods that was introduced in 1992. Its products used to include fat-free cookies of a variety of flavors including creme, shortbread, and devil's food cake. Previously a Nabisco brand, it was later sold to Back to Nature Foods. In 2022, the SnackWell's brand was retired.
Savabeel
Savabeel is a retired Australian Thoroughbred race horse and active sire. He is best known for his win in the 2004 Cox Plate. He was trained by Graeme Rogerson, and ridden by Chris Munce in his most important wins.

W. S. Cox Plate
The W. S. Cox Plate is a Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old and over under Weight for age conditions, over a distance of 2040 metres (approximately 1m 2f), that is held by the Moonee Valley Racing Club at Moonee Valley Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in late October. The race has a purse of A$6,000,000.
Henry VII Rumpold
Henry VII (V) Rumpold also known as the Middle or the Greater (Polish: Henryk VII Rumpold or Średni, Większy; b. ca. 1350 – d. 24 December 1395), was a Duke of Żagań-Głogów during 1368–1378 (as a co-ruler with his brothers) and since 1378 ruler over half of Głogów, Ścinawa and Bytom Odrzański.

He was the second son of Henry V the Iron, Duke of Żagań-Głogów, by his wife Anna, daughter of Duke Wenceslaus of Płock. The contemporary sources are often called him "Rumpold", and also Middle (Średni) to distinguish him from his older and younger brothers, who bore the same name, and Greater (Większy) due to his height and weight.

Henry V the Iron
Henry V (III) (Polish: Henryk V; c. 1319 – after 8 April 1369), was a Duke of Żagań since 1342, from 1349 Duke of half-Głogów, and from 1363 Duke of half-Ścinawa. He was the only son of Henry IV (II) the Faithful, Duke of Żagań, by his wife Matilda, daughter of Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel. Henry was nicknamed Henry the Iron (Żelazny) for the consistency and ruthlessness of his acts. Immediately after he took control over the government, he oriented his politics towards recovery lands that were lost during his late father's rule.
APL Photonics
APL Photonics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the American Institute of Physics. The editor-in-chief is Ben Eggleton (The University of Sydney Nano Institute). The journal covers fundamental and applied research on all aspects of photonics.

Ben Eggleton
Benjamin John Eggleton, FAA FTSE     FRSN, (born 6 November 1970) is Pro Vice Chancellor (Research) at the University of Sydney. He is also Professor in the School of Physics where he leads a research group in integrated photonics, nonlinear optics and smart sensors and serves as co-director of the NSW Smart Sensing Network (NSSN).