hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nizza DOCG
Nizza (also Barbera d'Asti Superiore Nizza before 2014) is a DOCG red Italian wine produced in the northern Italian region of Piedmont. It is made from the Barbera grape, and the zone of production is limited to the comuni (municipalities) of Agliano Terme, Belveglio, Bruno, Calamandrana, Castel Boglione, Castelnuovo Belbo, Castelnuovo Calcea, Castel Rocchero, Cortiglione, Incisa Scapaccino, Moasca, Mombaruzzo, Mombercelli, Nizza Monferrato, Rocchetta Palafea, San Marzano Oliveto, Vaglio Serra and Vinchio within the province of Asti. In this area Barbera is the leading grape variety grown, because the pedoclimatic conditions here are particularly favourable for its ripening.

The zone of production is centered on the town of Nizza Monferrato, from which the wine derives its name.

San Marzano Oliveto
San Marzano Oliveto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Asti.

San Marzano Oliveto is located in a panoramic position 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level. It is easily visible from the SS6 road that runs from Canelli to Asti.
Charles W. Engelhard Jr.
Charles William Engelhard Jr. (February 15, 1917 – March 2, 1971) was an American businessman, a major owner in Thoroughbred horse racing, and a candidate in the 1955 New Jersey State Senate elections. He controlled an international mining and metals conglomerate, Engelhard, founded by his father.

He has been described as the "Platinum King" and "the world's largest refiner and fabricator of platinum, gold and silver."

1955 New Jersey Senate election
The 1955 New Jersey Senate elections were held on November 8.

The elections took place midway through the first term of Governor Robert Meyner. Eleven of New Jersey's 21 counties held regular elections for Senator. The Democratic Party gained Camden, Essex and Salem counties.
Chenillé-Changé
Chenillé-Changé (French pronunciation: [ʃənije ʃɑ̃ʒe] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department of western France, located on the river Mayenne 27 km northwest of Angers. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Chenillé-Champteussé.

Mayenne (river)
The Mayenne (French pronunciation: [majɛn] ⓘ) is a 202.3 km (125.7 mi) long river in western France, principally located in the French region of Pays de la Loire. Together with the river Sarthe and its tributary the Loir it forms the Maine, which is a tributary to the Loire.
Delta, Louisiana
Delta is a village in Madison Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 232 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Tallulah Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Delta is a site on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.

Tallulah, Louisiana
Tallulah (/təˈluːlə/ tə-LOO-lə) is a city in, and the parish seat of, Madison Parish in northeastern Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,286, down from 7,335 in 2010.

As this was historically a center of agriculture since the antebellum years, producing cotton and pecans, Tallulah and the parish have long had majority-African American populations. The small city is now nearly 77 percent African American; the surrounding parish is 60 percent black. Mechanization and industrial agriculture have reduced the number of jobs, and many residents have moved since the mid-20th century to larger cities with more opportunities.

Tallulah is the principal city of the Tallulah Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Madison Parish. The Madison Parish Sheriff's office operates the Steve Hoyle Rehabilitation Center in Tallulah.
Georgetown, Seattle
Georgetown is a neighborhood in southern Seattle, Washington, United States. It is bounded on the north by the mainlines of the BNSF Railway and Union Pacific Railroad, beyond which is the Industrial District; on the west by the Duwamish River, across which is South Park; on the east by Interstate 5, beyond which is Beacon Hill; and on the south by Boeing Field.

Despite being surrounded by industry and major transportation corridors, Georgetown retains a sizeable number of residences and businesses.

Beacon Hill, Seattle
Beacon Hill is a hill and neighborhood in southeastern Seattle, Washington. It is roughly bounded on the west by Interstate 5, on the north by Interstate 90, on the east by Rainier Avenue South, Cheasty Boulevard South, and Martin Luther King Junior Way South, and on the south by the Seattle city boundary. It is part of Seattle's South End.

The neighborhood has a major population of Asian Americans and African Americans and is among the most racially diverse in Seattle. It was formerly home to the world headquarters of Amazon (at the Pacific Tower) and present home to the Seattle Division of the Department of Veterans Affairs' Puget Sound Health Care System.
Thomas Iden
Sir Thomas Iden (c. 1453 – 1512/1513) of Westwell was an English knight who served as the High Sheriff of Kent in 1500 as well as the Governor of Rochester Castle in the late 15th-century. He was the son of former High Sheriff and capturer of Jack Cade, Alexander Iden.

Governor of Rochester Castle
The Governor of Rochester Castle commanded the important castle at Rochester in Kent, England which dominated the Medway estuary and Watling Street. After being badly damaged during the Barons' Wars the castle was completely renovated by King Henry III and put under the control of a series of Governors responsible for its upkeep and security.
Vector Analysis
Vector Analysis is a textbook by Edwin Bidwell Wilson, first published in 1901 and based on the lectures that Josiah Willard Gibbs had delivered on the subject at Yale University. The book did much to standardize the notation and vocabulary of three-dimensional linear algebra and vector calculus, as used by physicists and mathematicians. It was reprinted by Yale in 1913, 1916, 1922, 1925, 1929, 1931, and 1943. The work is now in the public domain. It was reprinted by Dover Publications in 1960.

Edwin Bidwell Wilson
Edwin Bidwell Wilson (April 25, 1879 – December 28, 1964) was an American mathematician, statistician, physicist and general polymath.  He was the sole protégé of Yale University physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs and was mentor to MIT economist Paul Samuelson.  Wilson had a distinguished academic career at Yale and MIT, followed by a long and distinguished period of service as a civilian employee of the US Navy in the Office of Naval Research.  In his latter role, he was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the highest honorary award available to a civilian employee of the US Navy.  Wilson made broad contributions to mathematics, statistics and aeronautics, and is well known for producing a number of widely used textbooks.  He is perhaps best known for his derivation of the eponymously named Wilson score interval, which is a confidence interval used widely in statistics.  He was also the first managing editor of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Rambla d'Aragó, Lleida
Rambla d'Aragó (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈramblə ðəɾəˈɣo]) is an important thoroughfare in the Universitat district of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. Originally a rambla with a pedestrianised area complete with a marketplace and a service of trams, it underwent several changes and is now a regular street crossed by cars. It originates at Plaça de Cervantes and ends in Avinguda Catalunya. It hosts the former Maternity home, now Lleida Public Library, the art-nouveau buildings Cases Balasch, the Lleida Bishopric Palace, the Museu de Lleida Diocesà i Comarcal, as well as the main University of Lleida campus, built in 19th-century neo-Gothic style.

Public Library of Lleida
The Public Library of Lleida (Catalan: Biblioteca Pública de Lleida), also formerly called Biblioteca Pública de la Maternitat, is a public library in the city of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). Its legal owner is  the Generalitat de Catalunya. The building was originally a 19th-century maternity house, that is, an orphanage located in the Rambla d'Aragó and has operated as the town's main library since 1998, when it was heavily reformed.

It contains over 150,000 books and 9,760 printed documents from the 16th to the 19th century, 6 manuscripts, and 25 incunables. The library's two cloysters are often used for artistic and cultural exhibitions, often related to local artists or focusing on social issues, including one in 1998 on its own past as an orphanage.
Silviu Vitez
Silviu Vitez (born February 7, 1995) is a Romanian-Spanish Muay Thai kickboxer. He is the current WAKO-Pro World K-1 Lightweight champion. As of December 2022, Vitez is ranked the #8 super bantamweight in the world by Beyond Kickboxing.

Djany Fiorenti
Djany Fiorenti is a French kickboxer. He is a former WKN, ISKA K-1 World lightweight champion as well as a former WAKO-Pro Low kick Lightweight World champion.

Combat Press ranked him as the #10 Flyweight in the world between July 2020 and December 2020.
National Museum of India
The National Museum in New Delhi, also known as the National Museum of India, is one of the largest museums in India. Established in 1949, it holds a variety of articles ranging from the pre-historic era to modern works of art. It functions under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The museum is situated on Janpath. The blueprint of the National Museum had been prepared by the Gwyer Committee set up by the Government of India in 1946. The museum has around 200,000 works of art, mostly Indian, but some of foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.

It also houses the National Museum Institute of History of Art, Conservation and Museology on the first floor which was established in 1983 and has been a university since 1989, running master's and doctoral level courses in art history, conservation and museology.

Aurel Stein
Sir Marc Aurel Stein, KCIE, FRAS, FBA
(Hungarian: Stein Márk Aurél; 26 November 1862 – 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian-born British archaeologist, primarily known for his explorations and archaeological discoveries in Central Asia. He was also a professor at Indian universities.

Stein was also an ethnographer, geographer, linguist and surveyor. His collection of books and manuscripts bought from Dunhuang caves is important for the study of the history of Central Asia and the art and literature of Buddhism. He wrote several volumes on his expeditions and discoveries which include Ancient Khotan, Serindia and Innermost Asia.
Internet in North Korea
Internet access is available in North Korea, but is only permitted with special authorization. It is primarily used for government purposes, and by foreigners. The country has some broadband infrastructure, including fiber optic links between major institutions. Online services for most individuals and institutions are provided through a free domestic-only network known as Kwangmyong, with access to the global Internet limited to a much smaller group.

Pyongyang University of Science and Technology
Pyongyang University of Science and Technology (PUST) is North Korea's first privately funded university. It is founded, operated, and partly funded by associations and people outside the country. PUST was jointly planned and constructed by forces from both North and South Korea, along with contributions from groups and individuals  from other nations, in particular China and the United States. The initiative is largely funded by Evangelical Christian movements. Originally scheduled for launch in 2003, the project was delayed for several years and began operations in October 2010.
106th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 106th Infantry Regiment was the designation of two separate New York Army National Guard regiments. The first is currently active as the 106th Regiment (Regional Training Institute), and the second is active as a result of consolidation with the 101st Cavalry Regiment.

101st Cavalry Regiment
This page is about the 101st Cavalry Regiment. The 101st Cavalry Group was its headquarters unit.

The 101st Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the New York National Guard that has seen service in the American Civil War, the Spanish–American War, the Mexican Border Conflict, World War I, World War II, and the War in Afghanistan. It also carries the lineage of the former 1st Battalion, 127th Armored Regiment (originally founded in 1838), and 1st Battalion, 210th Armor (originally founded in 1860). Currently, the regiment consists of one squadron, the 2nd Squadron, 101st Cavalry.
Upper Marlboro, Maryland
Upper Marlboro, officially the Town of Upper Marlboro, is a town in and the county seat of Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population within the town limits was 652, although Greater Upper Marlboro, which covers a large area outside the town limits, is many times larger.

Patuxent River
The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland.  There are three main river drainages for central Maryland:  the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington, D.C., the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore, and the Patuxent River between the two.  The 908-square-mile (2,352 km2) Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000. It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland, and its watershed is the largest completely within the state.
Robert Debré
Robert Debré (7 December 1882 – 29 April 1978) was a French physician (pediatrician) at Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris.

The largest pediatric hospital in Paris, the Robert-Debré Hospital - located in the North-East part of Paris (19th arrondissement) - is named after him.

Debré was born in Sedan, Ardennes. A member of the Académie de Médecine, he was a colleague and close friend of professors Jean Quenu and Albert Besson, who in 1950 identified cats to be the natural reservoir of the Cat scratch disease.

He is the father and grandfather of influential French government ministers; see Debré family.

In 1946, he wrote with Prof. Paul Rohmer a famous manual entitled "Traité de Pathologie Infantile" (2500 pages, 2 volumes) which became a reference for a whole generation of pediatricians.

Cat-scratch disease
Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease that most often results from a scratch or bite of a cat. Symptoms typically include a non-painful bump or blister at the site of injury and painful and swollen lymph nodes. People may feel tired, have a headache, or a fever. Symptoms typically begin within 3–14 days following infection.

Cat-scratch disease is caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, which is believed to be spread by the cat's saliva. Young cats pose a greater risk than older cats. The disease can be passed to a human from dog scratches or bites, but this is relatively rare. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms. Confirmation is possible by blood tests.

The primary treatment is supportive. Antibiotics speed healing and are recommended in those with severe disease or immune system problems. Recovery typically occurs within 4 months but can require a year. It affects approximately 1 in 10,000 people. It is more common in children.
Cutthroat Island
Cutthroat Island is a 1995 adventure swashbuckler film directed by Renny Harlin and written by Robert King and Marc Norman from a story by Michael Frost Beckner, James Gorman, Bruce A. Evans, and Raynold Gideon. It stars Geena Davis, Matthew Modine and Frank Langella. It is a co-production among the United States, France, Germany and Italy.

The film had a notoriously troubled and chaotic production involving multiple rewrites and recasts. Critical reactions were generally negative, and the film was one of the biggest box-office bombs in history, with losses of $147 million when adjusted for inflation. It is listed in the Guinness World Records as the biggest box-office bomb of all time, and significantly reduced the bankability and Hollywood production of pirate-themed films until 2003's Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. Its failure caused Carolco Pictures to cease operations.

Pirates in the arts and popular culture
In English-speaking popular culture, the modern pirate stereotype owes its attributes mostly to the imagined tradition of the 18th-century Caribbean pirate sailing off the Spanish Main and to such celebrated 20th-century depictions as Captain Hook and his crew in the theatrical and film versions of J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan, Robert Newton's portrayal of Long John Silver in the 1950 film adaptation of the Robert Louis Stevenson novel Treasure Island, and various adaptations of the Middle Eastern pirate, Sinbad the Sailor. In these and countless other books, films, and legends, pirates are portrayed as "swashbucklers" and "plunderers". They are shown on ships, often wearing eyepatches or peg legs, having a parrot perched on their shoulder, speaking in a West Country accent, and saying phrases like "Arr, matey" and "Avast, me hearty". Pirates have retained their image through pirate-themed tourist attractions, film, toys, books and plays.
Secondary poverty
Secondary poverty is a description of poverty referring to those living below the poverty line whose income was sufficient for them to live above the line, but was spent on things other than the necessities of life.

In 18th and 19th century Great Britain, the practice of temperance among Methodists, as well as their rejection of gambling, allowed them to eliminate secondary poverty and accumulate capital.

The term was coined by Seebohm Rowntree after his investigations into poverty in York.

Seebohm Rowntree
Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, CH (7 July 1871 – 7 October 1954) was an English sociological researcher, social reformer and industrialist. He is known in particular for his three studies of poverty in York, conducted in 1899, 1935, and 1951.

The first York study involved a comprehensive survey of the living conditions of the poor in York during which investigators visited every working class household, and his methodology inspired many subsequent researches in British empirical sociology.

By strictly defining the concept of poverty in his studies, he was able to reveal that the causes of poverty in York were more structural than moral, such as low wages, which went against the traditionally held view that the poor were responsible for their own plight.
David Hambartsumyan
David Grigoryevich Hambardzumyan (Armenian: Դավիթ Գրիգորևիչ Համբարձումյան, 24 June 1956 in Kapan – 11 January 1992 in Yerevan) was an Armenian diver, who twice became European champion. He was a bronze medalist at the 1980 Summer Olympics, and 16 times champion of the USSR. Hambardzumyan died on 11 January 1992 of cardiac arrest.

Kapan
Kapan (Armenian: Կապան [kɑˈpɑn]) is a town in southeast Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of the Kapan Municipality and also as the provincial capital of Syunik Province. It is located in the valley of the Voghji River and is on the northern slopes of Mount Khustup. Kapan is the most populous town in the Syunik Province as well as the entire region of southern Armenia. According to the 2011 census, the population of Kapan was 43,190, a slight decline from 45,711 in the 2001 census. According to the 2022 census, the current population of the town is around 32,780.
Lord of the Nutcracker Men
Lord of the Nutcracker Men is a novel by Canadian author Iain Lawrence that takes place in England during the first year of World War I. The book was first published in October 2001 by the Delacorte Press, and it was later reprinted in May 2003 by Dell-Laurel Leaf, an imprint of a division of Random House, Inc. The book has become a bestseller, and is included in the required reading lists of many American high schools.

Iain Lawrence
Iain Lawrence (born 1955) is a Canadian author for children and young adults. In 2007 he won a Governor General's Literary Award in Children's Literature for Gemini Summer, and in 2011, he was presented with the Vicky Metcalf Award for Literature for Young People.
Yewa North
Yewa NorthListenⓘ (formerly  Egbado North) is a Local Government Area in the west of Ogun State, Nigeria bordering the Republic of Benin. Its headquarters are in the town of Aiyetoro (or Ayetoro) at7°14′00″N 3°02′00″E﻿ / ﻿7.23333°N 3.03333°E﻿ / 7.23333; 3.03333 in the north-east of the Area.

It has an area of 2,087 km2. Among the twenty Local Governments in Ogun state, it has the largest expanse of  land with a size of 200,213.5 hectares and it has a population of 181,826 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 111.
Yewa North has 11 wards namely: Ayetoro Ward I,Ayetoro Ward II, Idofi Ward, Sunwa Ward, Ijoun Ward, Eggua Ward, Ohunbe Ward, Ibese Ward, Joga-Orile/Ibooro Ward, and Imasayi Ward.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Savonlinna Cathedral
Savonlinna Cathedral (Finnish: Savonlinnan tuomiokirkko, Swedish: Nyslotts domkyrka) is located in Savonlinna, Finland. It was built between 1874 and 1878 and designed by architect Axel Hampus Dalström in the Gothic Revival style. It has room for 1000 people.

Axel Hampus Dalström
Axel Hampus Dalström (22 March 1829 – 19 March 1882), was a Finnish architect. He was the director of the National Board of Public Building from 1869 to 1882. He is best known for the Old Student House in Helsinki, as well as seven lighthouses he designed in the 1870s.
Cape Chelyuskin
Cape Chelyuskin (Russian: Мыс Челюскина, Mys Chelyuskina) is the northernmost point of the Eurasian continent (and indeed of any continental mainland), and the northernmost point of mainland Russia. It is situated at the tip of the Taymyr Peninsula, south of Severnaya Zemlya archipelago, in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. The headland has a 17-metre-high (56 ft) light on a framework tower.

Cape Chelyuskin is 1,371 kilometres (852 mi) from the North Pole. Cape Vega is a headland located a little to the west of Cape Chelyuskin. Oscar Bay lies between both capes.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Victory Monument (Tolyatti)
Memorial in Honor of the 40th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War (Russian: Мемориал в честь 40-летия Победы в Великой Отечественной войне) or simply Victory Monument is a 1985 monument in the Avtozavodsky (Auto Factory) District of Tolyatti dedicated to the Soviet victory in World War II (called the Great Patriotic War in Russia).

Tolyatti
Tolyatti or Togliatti, known before 1964 as Stavropol, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the largest city in Russia which is neither the administrative center of a federal subject, nor the largest city of a subject. Population: 684,709 (2021 census); 719,632 (2010 census); 702,879 (2002 census); 630,543 (1989 Soviet census).

The city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada). For this reason, Tolyatti is often dubbed "Russia's motor city" or "Russia's Motown" (in reference to Detroit in the United States—the spiritual home of the American automotive industry). It was renamed after Italian communist politician Palmiro Togliatti in 1964, upon his death in the Soviet Union.