hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Islamic radio
Islamic radio is a category of radio formats that focus on transmitting programming with an Islamic message. Radio stations can be public, private and non-profit (or some form of Community radio).

These radio stations typically focus on Islamic religious programming, such as reading of the Quran, talk radio-style programming (sometimes including live radio call-in shows), or long-form "preaching and teaching" programs with news programming with associated topics that can have an economic or a political angle to Muslim community. In recent years during Ramadan, many UK cities with Muslim populations have set up Radio Ramadan stations that operate exclusively during Ramadan. These stations feature a variety of broadcasts including Quran recitation and Islamic music known as Nasheeds.

Many secular radio stations devote some of their weekend programming to religious programming; for example, during Friday prayers or Eid Mubarak, Ramadan.

Radio Ramadan
Radio Ramadan is a type of Islamic radio which was operating exclusively during the Ramadan period in the UK. Many cities that have significant Muslim populations individually fund these stations and they run a number of broadcasts including Quran recitation and Nasheeds.

Many Radio Ramadan stations are organised and operated largely by volunteers from local Muslim communities. Volunteers help present shows, manage calls, research topics, and produce programmes that reflect the interests and culture of the local audience during the holy month.

The Radio Ramadan stations currently operating in the UK in Ramadan include:

Ramadan Radio Leicester (87.9FM)

Ramadan Radio London (87.9FM)

In 2023, It started operating during the whole year.
Betty Willsher
Elizabeth Cameron Willsher MBE (12 December 1915 – 25 February 2012) was an early years child psychologist and educationalist, lecturer, children's author, historian, preservationist and noted Scottish Gravestones researcher, recorder, authority and writer.

Scottish gravestones
The Scottish or Lowland Scottish gravestone is unique to the north of the British Isles. The study of Scottish Lowland Gravestones is essential to the overall study of British monumental inscriptions. The level of symbolism and detail on Scottish stones reached a peak during the 18th century.
Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
The Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees is a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (and its predecessors the National State Assembly, the House of Representatives and the State Council) who presides over sittings of Parliament in the absence of the Speaker. The current deputy speaker and chairman of committees is Rizvie Salih.

Rizvie Salih
Rizvie Salih  is a Sri Lankan  physician and politician, who has served as the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka since November 2024. He was elected to the Sri Lankan Parliament from Colombo Electoral District as a member of the National People's Power.
Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest
The Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest (HTNF) is the principal U.S. National Forest in the U.S. state of Nevada, and has a smaller portion further west in Eastern California in the state of California. With an area of 6,289,821 acres (25,454.00 km2), it is the largest U.S. National Forest reservation outside of Alaska, further northwest on the North American continent.

Sierra County, California
Sierra County (/siˈɛrə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,236, making it California's second-least populous county. The county seat is Downieville; the sole incorporated city is Loyalton. The county is in the Sierra Nevada, northeast of Sacramento on the border with Nevada.
Pennsylvania Route 228
Pennsylvania Route 228 (PA 228) is a 21.1-mile-long (34.0 km) state highway located in Butler County, Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 19 (US 19) in Cranberry Township. The eastern terminus is at PA 356 in Buffalo Township. Because of the continued growth in Cranberry Township, Seven Fields,  and Adams Township, PennDOT is in the planning stages to widen the highway to four lanes between Cranberry and PA 8.

Cranberry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania
Cranberry Township is a township in southwestern Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 33,087 as of the 2020 census. It is one of the fastest-growing areas of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
Lydia Mei
Lydia Mei (2 July 1896 – 14 September 1965) was an Estonian artist who specialized in watercolors.

Born in Liepāja, in the Courland Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Latvia), Lydia Mei was the middle child of the three daughters of the Estonian navigator and hydrographer Johan Mey, who was born in Hiiumaa. All three sisters became artists: Lydia Mei and Natalie Mei achieved public prominence during the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) period of Estonian art of the 1920s, and their sister Kristine Mei became a sculptor.

Mei studied architecture at the Petrograd Women's Polytechnic Institute until 1918. However, she became prominent as a watercolorist in the late 1920s. She married the sculptor Anton Starkopf and is occasionally cited with the name Lydia Mei-Starkopf. She died in 1965 in the capital city of Tallinn.

Hiiumaa
Hiiumaa (US: /ˈhiːʊmɑː, ˈhiːəmɑː/ HEE-uum-ah, -⁠ə-mah, Estonian: [ˈhiːumɑː]) is the second largest island in Estonia and is part of the West Estonian archipelago, in the Baltic Sea. It has an area of 989 km2 and is 22 km from the Estonian mainland. Its largest town is Kärdla. It is located within Hiiu County.
Fourteen Pieces
Fourteen Pieces: Selected Works 1995 is a music album by techno/trance artist Cosmic Baby, which was released internationally on 27 May 1996. It is Cosmic Baby's third full-length album. It was released as a double CD with seven tracks on each CD ("fourteen pieces" in total). The album is of a slightly more experimental and improvisational nature than its predecessors.

Harald Blüchel
Harald Blüchel (born February 19, 1966) is a German electronic musician who is mostly known under his alias Cosmic Baby. Blüchel is also well known for his participation in dance acts such as Energy 52 with Paul Schmitz-Moormann and the Visions of Shiva with Paul van Dyk.
Masawaih al-Mardini
Masawaih al-Mardini (Yahyā ibn Masawaih al-Mardini; known as Mesue the Younger) was a physician. He was born in Iraq. After working in Baghdad, he entered the service of the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. He died in 1015 in Cairo at the age of ninety.

Masawaih al-Mardini was a Syriac Orthodox Christian. He is known due to his books on purgatives and emetics (De medicins laxativis) and on the complete pharmacopoeia in 12 parts called the Antidotarium sive Grabadin medicamentorum, which remained for centuries the standard textbook of pharmacy in the West.

He also described methods of distillation of empyreumatic oils.  A method of extracting oil from "some kind of bituminous shale", one of the first descriptions of the extraction of shale oil was described by him in the 10th century.

Shale oil
Shale oil is an unconventional oil produced from oil shale rock fragments by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution.  These processes convert the organic matter within the rock (kerogen) into synthetic oil and gas. The resulting oil can be used immediately as a fuel or upgraded to meet refinery feedstock specifications by adding hydrogen and removing impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen. The refined products can be used for the same purposes as those derived from crude oil.

The term "shale oil" is also used for crude oil produced from shales of other unconventional, very low permeability formations.  However, to reduce the risk of confusion of shale oil produced from oil shale with crude oil in oil-bearing shales, the term "tight oil" is preferred for the latter. The International Energy Agency recommends to use the term "light tight oil" and World Energy Resources 2013 report by the World Energy Council uses the term "tight oil" for crude oil in oil-bearing shales.
Louise Strantz
Louise Tippelskirch Strantz (2 March 1823 - 8 January 1909) was a German composer, poet and singer.

Strantz was born in Dusseldorf to Lieutenant General Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch, commandant of Berlin and commander of the Royal Prussian State Gendarmerie.

She studied music with Constanze Blank, Jaehns, and Pax. She married Adolf von Strantz, and they moved to Berlin in 1842, where she lived until her death in 1909.
Strantz received favorable reviews in Vienna in 1852 when she sang in Giacomo Meyerbeer’s opera Le Prophete. She was scheduled to make her debut in London in 1853.

Composer Franz Bendel based his Wiegenlied on a text by Strantz. Strantz’s music was published by Bote & Bock, Hermann, and Tobias Haslinger. Her compositions included:

Franz Bendel
Franz Bendel (23 March 1833 – 3 July 1874) was a German Bohemian pianist, composer, and teacher.

Bendel was born in Schönlinde, Bohemia, Austrian Empire. He was a student of Franz Liszt for five years in Weimar. From 1862, he lived in Berlin and taught at Theodor Kullak's Music Academy, Neue Akademie der Tonkunst. He was also the author of over four hundred compositions, many of them for the piano, including one piano concerto.

Bendel was a superb pianist who toured extensively until his death from typhoid fever in Boston while on an American tour. He was aged 41.
Makresh Rocks
Makresh Rocks (Bulgarian: скали Макреш, ‘Skali Makresh’ ska-'li 'ma-kresh) are a group of rocks situated 1.8 km (1.12 mi) northeast of Treklyano Island off the northeast coast of Robert Island, South Shetland Islands.  Extending 600 m (656 yd) in west-southwest to east-northeast direction, and 270 m (295 yd) in northwest-southeast direction.  The solitary Salient Rock 62°21′24″S 59°20′59″W﻿ / ﻿62.35667°S 59.34972°W﻿ / -62.35667; -59.34972 is lying 1.73 km (1.07 mi) east of the midpoint of Makresh Rocks and 2 km (1.24 mi) northeast of Smirnenski Point.

The feature is named after the settlement of Makresh in northwestern Bulgaria.  Salient Rock was descriptively named Roca Saliente by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition and charted in 1951.

Makresh
Makresh (Bulgarian: Макреш, pronounced [makrɛʃ]) is a village in northwestern Bulgaria, part of Vidin Province. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Makresh Municipality, which lies in the western part of Vidin Province, close to the Bulgarian-Serbian border. Makresh is situated 35 kilometres from the provincial capital Vidin, in the westernmost Danubian Plain, with the western reaches of the Balkan Mountains to its west.
Dan Lemmon
Dan Lemmon is a New Zealand visual effects supervisor. In 2012, he was nominated for an Academy Award for the movie Rise of the Planet of the Apes. This was in the category of Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, his nomination was shared with Daniel Barrett, Joe Letteri and R. Christopher White.

His second nomination was at the 87th Academy Awards for the film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes. His nomination was shared with Letteri, Barrett, and Erik Winquist. He received his third nomination (and first win) at the 89th Academy Awards for The Jungle Book, together with Robert Legato, Adam Valdez, and Andrew R. Jones. His fourth nomination was at the 90th Academy Awards for the film War for the Planet of the Apes, together with Letteri, Barrett, and Joel Whist. His fifth nomination was at the 95th Academy Awards for the superhero film, The Batman, with Russell Earl, Anders Langlands and Dominic Tuohy.

Erik Winquist
Erik Winquist (born January 2, 1975) is an American New Zealander visual effects supervisor. He is best known for his work on three prominent film franchises featuring large computer generated animal effects: Peter Jackson's King Kong (2005), Planet of the Apes prequel films, and Rampage (2018).

Erik Winquist was nominated at the 87th Academy Awards in the category of Best Visual Effects. He was nominated for an Academy Award, along with Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon and Joe Letteri, for the film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.  They led a team of roughly 850 people who designed and created all the apes, the digital set extensions, environments, and the effects for the film. Winquist handled pre-production and second-unit photography.

He also received a BAFTA nomination for Dawn of the Planet of the Apes in the same year.
Federal Bureau of Prisons
The Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP) is a federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for all federal prisons in the country and provides for the care, custody, and control of federal prisoners.

First Step Act
The First Step Act, formally known as the Formerly Incarcerated Reenter Society Transformed Safely Transitioning Every Person Act, is a bipartisan criminal justice bill passed by the 115th U.S. Congress and signed by President Donald Trump in December 2018. The act enacted several changes in U.S. federal criminal law aimed at reforming federal prisons and sentencing laws in order to reduce recidivism, decreasing the federal inmate population, and maintaining public safety.
Georges Kern
Georges Kern (born 25 January 1965) is a German-Swiss entrepreneur, who has been CEO of Swiss watchmaker Breitling since 2017. He studied Political Science in Strasbourg, France, and graduated in Business Administration from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.

University of St. Gallen
The University of St. Gallen (HSG) (German: Universität St. Gallen) is a public research university located in St. Gallen, Switzerland, that specialises in business administration, economics, law, international affairs, and computer science. It was established in 1898. It consistently ranks as one of the best business schools in Europe. In 2022, it had 9,590 students, of which 3,757 were master's students and 584 were doctoral students.

Although it is one of Switzerland's smallest universities, HSG has Switzerland's largest faculty for business administration. It has produced more billionaires in Europe than any other European university. It is a member of the CEMS and APSIA and is EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA accredited (triple crown accreditation). Its campus is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The university is owned by the canton of St. Gallen.
Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
The Battle of the Tiger's Mouth (Chinese: 虎門之戰; Portuguese: Batalha da Boca do Tigre) was a series of engagements between a Portuguese flotilla stationed in Macau, and the Red Flag Fleet of the Chinese Danka pirate Ching Shih, led by her second-in-command, Cheung Po Tsai - known to the Portuguese as Apocha, Cam Pau Sai or Quan Apon Chay. Between September 1809 and January 1810, the Red Flag Fleet suffered several defeats at the hands of the Portuguese led by José Pinto Alcoforado de Azevedo e Sousa, within the Humen Strait - known to the Portuguese as the Boca do Tigre - until the pirates finally surrendered formally in February 1810. After her fleet surrendered, Ching Shih surrendered herself to the Guangzhou city government in exchange for a general pardon, putting an end to her career of piracy.

Humen
The Humen, also known as the Bocca Tigris or the Bogue, is a narrow strait in the Pearl River Delta that separates Shiziyang in the north and Lingdingyang in the south. It is located near Humen Town in China's Guangdong Province. It is the site of the Pearl River's discharge into the South China Sea. It contains the Port of Humen at Humen Town. The strait is formed by the islands of Chuenpi (穿鼻, p Chuanbi) and Anunghoy (阿娘鞋, p Aniangxie; also called 威远, p Weiyuan) on the eastern side, and Taikoktow (大角头, p Dajiaotou) on the western side. Since 1997, the strait has been traversed by the Humen Pearl River Bridge. Bocca Tigris was the entry to China's only trading city, Canton.
Stefanie Hamilton
Stefanie Fredrika Hamilton (1819–1894) was a Swedish court official.  She served as överhovmästarinna, or senior lady-in-waiting, to Louise of the Netherlands, the crown princess and later queen of Sweden, from 1857 to 1860.

She was the daughter of councillor August Giesecke and Fredrika Theodora Wohlgenau.  She married count Jakob Essen Hamilton in 1851.  She succeeded countess Juliana Lovisa Posse (in office 1853-57, who in turned succeeded Elisabet Piper) as senior lady-in-waiting to Crown Princess Louise in 1857. Hamilton left office one the year following Louise's elevation to queen in 1859.  Stefanie Hamilton was described as a personal friend and confidante of Louise. Their correspondence has been preserved and partially published.

Chief Court Mistress
Court Mistress (Danish: hofmesterinde; Dutch: hofmeesteres; German: Hofmeisterin; Norwegian: hoffmesterinne; Swedish: hovmästarinna) or Chief Court Mistress (Danish: overhofmesterinde; Dutch: grootmeesteres, lit. 'grand mistress'; German: Obersthofmeisterin; Norwegian: overhoffmesterinne; Swedish: överhovmästarinna; Russian: обер-гофмейстерина, romanized: ober-gofmeysterina) is or was the title of the senior lady-in-waiting in the courts of Austria, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, Imperial Russia, and the German princely and royal courts.
Activated Content
Activated Content is a digital watermarking company based in Seattle, Washington. The company has its own proprietary audio watermarking technology and provides solutions based around watermarking.

The system was designed with help from Sony Music and Universal Music.

Audio watermark
An audio watermark is a unique electronic identifier embedded in an audio signal, typically used to identify ownership of copyright. It is similar to a watermark on a photograph.

Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a signal (e.g. audio, video or pictures) in a way that is difficult to remove. If the signal is copied, then the information is also carried in the copy. Watermarking has become increasingly important to enable copyright protection and ownership verification.
Homer the Smithers
"Homer the Smithers" is the seventeenth episode of the seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 25, 1996. In the episode, Smithers takes a vacation and hires Homer to temporarily replace him as Mr. Burns' assistant, reasoning he will do such a poor job as to not risk Smithers being replaced, only for this to lead to Mr. Burns becoming so self-reliant that Smithers is fired on his return.

The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Steven Dean Moore. The plot came from another writer on the show, Mike Scully. The episode features cultural references to The Little Rascals, a series of comedy short films from the 1930s, and the 1971 film A Clockwork Orange.

Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 8.8, and was the fifth-highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired.

Steven Dean Moore
Steven Dean Moore is an American director. His credits include 86 episodes of the animated television series The Simpsons, being the director who helped the most episodes of the series, and several episodes of the animated television series Rugrats. Moore was also one of four sequence directors on The Simpsons Movie (2007). He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2002.
Chasing Ghosts: Beyond the Arcade
Chasing Ghosts: Beyond the Arcade is a documentary film directed by Lincoln Ruchti about the golden age of video arcade games. The film premiered January 22, 2007 at the Sundance Film Festival and has also been shown at the 2007 Los Angeles Film Festival, as well as other film festivals.

Walter Day
Walter Aldro Day Jr. (born May 14, 1949) is an American businessman and the founder of Twin Galaxies, an organization that tracks world records for video games and conducts a program of electronic-gaming promotions.
I Was Made to Love Her (song)
"I Was Made to Love Her" is a soul song recorded by American musician Stevie Wonder for Motown's Tamla label in 1967. The song was written by Wonder, his mother Lula Mae Hardaway, Sylvia Moy, and producer Henry Cosby and included on Wonder's 1967 album I Was Made to Love Her.

Released as a single, "I Was Made to Love Her" peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart in July 1967. The song was held out of the top spot by "Light My Fire" by the Doors and spent four non-consecutive weeks at No. 1 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart in the United States. The song reached No. 5 in the UK, Wonder's first top-10 hit in that country.

Cash Box called it a "driving, wailing, pulsing R&B workout."

When asked in a 1968 interview which of his songs stood out in his mind, Wonder answered: "'I Was Made to Love Her' because it's a true song." The last lyric line "You know Stevie ain't gonna leave her" was ad libbed by Wonder.

Lula Mae Hardaway
Lula Mae Hardaway (January 11, 1930 – May 31, 2006) was an American songwriter and the mother of musician Stevie Wonder. She spent her early adult life in Saginaw, Michigan, but from 1975 until her death in 2006, lived in Los Angeles, California.
Bedford VAL
The Bedford VAL is a type of coach chassis that was built by Bedford in the United Kingdom from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. It was unusual at the time for its multi-axle design, in a "Chinese six" wheelplan, i.e. with two front steering axles.

Originally it was fitted with the Leyland O.400 straight six diesel engine.  With this engine, the chassis was designated VAL14.

Over 900 VAL14s were built, from 1963 to 1966, with the largest orders coming from Wallace Arnold of Leeds, Seamarks of Westoning, Don Everall of Wolverhampton, and Bartons.

From 1967, the VAL70, with the slightly larger 466 cubic inches (7.64 L) engine of Bedford's own manufacture, quickly superseded the VAL14.

Bedford Vehicles
Bedford Vehicles, usually shortened to just Bedford, was a brand of vehicle manufactured by Vauxhall Motors, then a subsidiary of multinational corporation General Motors. Established in April 1931, Bedford Vehicles was set up to build commercial vehicles. The company was a leading international lorry brand, with substantial export sales of light, medium, and heavy lorries throughout the world.

Bedford's core heavy trucks business was divested by General Motors (GM) as AWD Trucks in 1987, whilst the Bedford brand continued to be used on light commercial vehicles and car-derived vans based on Vauxhall/Opel, Isuzu and Suzuki designs. The brand was retired in 1990.

The van manufacturing plant of Bedford, now called Vauxhall Luton, is now owned and operated by Stellantis, following Vauxhall's acquisition by PSA Group in 2017.
1824 Constitution of Mexico
The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 (Spanish: Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) was the first constitution of Mexico, enacted on October 4 of 1824, inaugurating the First Mexican Republic.

Supreme Court of Mexico
The Supreme Court of Mexico, formally the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (Spanish: Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación; SCJN) is highest court in Mexico and the apex of the Mexican federal judiciary.

Judges of the SCJN are appointed for 12 years. They are ratified through affirmation by the Senate from a list proposed by the president of the republic. The ministers chosen will select from among themselves who shall be the president of the court to serve a four-year period; any given minister may serve out more than one term as president, but may not do so consecutively.
Ib Madsen
Ib Henning Madsen (born 12 April 1942, in Copenhagen) is a Danish mathematician, a professor of mathematics at the University of Copenhagen. He is known for (with Michael Weiss) proving the Mumford conjecture on the cohomology of the stable mapping class group, and for developing topological cyclic homology theory.

Mapping class group
In mathematics, in the subfield of geometric topology, the mapping class group is an important algebraic invariant of a topological space.  Briefly, the mapping class group is a certain discrete group corresponding to symmetries of the space.