hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anthony Venables
Anthony James Venables, CBE, (born 25 April 1953), is a British economist and the BP Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics, University of Oxford.

Venables is known as one of the pioneers of New economic geography.  He co-authored along with Paul Krugman and Masahisa Fujita the influential book The Spatial Economy - Cities, Regions and International Trade (2001).

He is the current director of the Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource Rich Economies (OxCarre). He also serves on the Steering Group of the International Growth Centre. From 2005 to 2008, he held the position of Chief Economist at the UK Department for International Development.

Department of Economics, University of Oxford
The Department of Economics is an academic department at the Social Sciences Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom.

Relatively recently founded in 1999, the department is located in the Norman Foster-designed Manor Road Building.
Internal category
In mathematics, more specifically in category theory, internal categories are a generalization of the notion of a small category, and are defined with respect to a fixed ambient category. If the ambient category is taken to be the category of sets then one recovers the theory of small categories. In general, internal categories consist of a pair of objects in the ambient category—thought of as the 'object of objects' and 'object of morphisms'—together with a collection of morphisms in the ambient category satisfying certain identities. Group objects are common examples of internal categories.

There are notions of internal functors and natural transformations that make the collection of internal categories in a fixed category into a 2-category.

Group object
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, group objects are certain generalizations of groups that are built on more complicated structures than sets. A typical example of a group object is a topological group, a group whose underlying set is a topological space such that the group operations are continuous.
Thiazole
Thiazole (/ˈθaɪ.əzoʊl/), or 1,3-thiazole, is a 5-membered heterocyclic compound that contains both sulfur and nitrogen. The term 'thiazole' also refers to a large family of derivatives. Thiazole itself is a pale yellow liquid with a pyridine-like odor and the molecular formula C3H3NS.  The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B1).

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Epiclesis
The epiclesis (also spelled epiklesis; from Ancient Greek: ἐπίκλησις, lit. 'surname'  or 'invocation') refers to the invocation of one or several gods. In ancient Greek religion, the epiclesis was the epithet used as the surname given to a deity in religious contexts. The term was borrowed into the Christian tradition, where it designates the part of the Anaphora (Eucharistic Prayer) by which the priest invokes the Holy Spirit (or the power of God's blessing) upon the Eucharistic bread and wine in some Christian churches. In most Eastern Christian traditions, the Epiclesis comes after the Anamnesis (remembrance of Jesus' words and deeds); in the Western Rite it usually precedes. In the historic practice of the Western Christian Churches, the consecration is effected at the Words of Institution, though during the rise of the Liturgical Movement, many denominations introduced an explicit epiclesis in their liturgies.

Liturgy of Addai and Mari
The Liturgy of Addai and Mari (or the Holy Qurbana of Mar Addai and Mar Mari) is the Eucharistic liturgy belonging to the East Syriac Rite and was historically used in the Church of the East of the Sasanian (Persian) Empire. This liturgy is traditionally attributed to Saint Addai (disciple of Saint Thomas the Apostle) and Saint Mari (a disciple of Saint Addai). It is currently in regular use in the Assyrian Church of the East (including its archdiocese the Chaldean Syrian Church of India), the Ancient Church of the East, the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church of India, and the Chaldean Catholic Church. The latter two are Eastern Catholic churches in full communion with the Holy See of Rome.
Bucktooth State Forest
Bucktooth State Forest is in Cattaraugus County in western New York. It covers 2,248 acres (910 ha) of land in the towns of Little Valley, Napoli and Salamanca. The North Country National Scenic Trail passes through Bucktooth State Forest. Hiking, hunting, fishing, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing are among activities available in the park. Wildlife includes white-tailed deer, skunk, red fox, mink, coyote, ruffed grouse, and turkey. A draft management plan has been created for the area.

West Finger Lakes Trail, a lean-to, and primitive camping site are in the area as well as roads. Connectivity has been an issue with seasonal and permanent access closures.

Little Valley, New York
Little Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 1,672 at the 2020 census. The town is named after its local geographical setting, a relative comparison of two tributaries (the other being the neighboring Great Valley) of the Allegheny River.

The town of Little Valley is centrally located in the county, north of the city of Salamanca. The town contains a village also named Little Valley, which is the county seat.
1962 Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup
The 1962 Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup was the 1st edition of the Iraq Central FA Perseverance Cup. The match was contested between the winners and runners-up of the 1961–62 edition of the Iraq Central FA Premier League, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and Al-Kuliya Al-Askariya respectively. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya won the game 4–2.

Al-Kuliya Al-Askariya
Al-Kuliya Al-Askariya (Arabic: فريق الكلية العسكرية, lit. 'Military College'), known up until 1958 as Al-Kuliya Al-Askariya Al-Malakiya, was an Iraqi football team founded in 1937 in Baghdad which represented the Iraqi Military Academy. They were the runners-up of Iraq's first ever national cup when they lost the final of the 1948–49 Iraq FA Cup to Sharikat Naft Al-Basra. They were also the first ever winners of the Iraq Central FA Premier League, a regional league for teams from Baghdad and its neighbouring cities, when they earned the title in 1948–49. Their final season in the top-flight was 1969–70 when they were relegated to the region's second-tier.

Al-Kuliya Al-Askariya were consigned to competing in non-IFA competitions after 1974 following the introduction of a clubs-only league system in Iraq, and competed in Army competitions until 1991 when the team was disbanded along with several other Army teams due to the Gulf War.
Dipankara
Dipankara (Pali: Dīpaṅkara; Sanskrit: Dīpaṃkara, "Lamp bearer") or Dipankara Buddha is one of the Buddhas of the past. He is said to have lived on Earth four asankheyyas and one hundred thousand kalpas ago. According to Buddhists, Dipankara was a previous Buddha who attained Enlightenment eons prior to Gautama Buddha, the historical Buddha.

Generally, Buddhists believe that there has been a succession of many Buddhas in the distant past and that many more will appear in the future. Dipankara was one of these previous Buddhas, while Gautama Buddha was the current and most recent Enlightened one, and Maitreya will be the next Buddha in the distant future.

Chinese Buddhism honors Dipankara as one of many Buddhas of the past. Dipankara, Gautama, and Maitreya are "the Buddhas of Three Times" in Yiguandao.

Asaṃkhyeya
An asaṃkhyeya (Sanskrit: असंख्येय) is a Buddhist name for the number 10140 or alternatively for the number  as it is described in the Avatamsaka Sutra. The value of the number is different depending upon the translation. It is  in the translation of Buddhabhadra,  in that of Shikshananda and  in that of Thomas Cleary, who may have made an error in calculation. In these religious traditions, the word has the meaning of 'Incalculable or Countless'.

Asaṃkhyeya is a Sanskrit word that appears often in the numerous Buddhist texts. For examples,

Shakyamuni Buddha is said to have practiced every Bodhisattva actions for 4 Asaṃkhyeya kalpas before becoming a Buddha.

Kassapa Buddha is said to have practiced 10 perfections for 8 Asaṃkhyeya kalpas before becoming a Buddha.

Dipankara Buddha is said to have completed 10 Pāramitās for 16 Asaṃkhyeya kalpas before becoming a Buddha.
Manuel Cros
Manuel Cros Grau (1 September 1901 – 1 February 1986) was a Spanish footballer who played as a center-forward for CE Europa and Espanyol. He is considered the most emblematic player in the history of CE Europa and one of the great stars of Catalan football in the 1920s alongside the likes of Zamora and Samitier, with even his haircut (brush style) being known in the barbershops of the time as "Cros's style". He also played two unofficial matches for FC Barcelona, scoring four goals. He later became a manager.

Catalan football championship
The Catalan football championship (Campionat de Catalunya) was a football competition in Catalonia and the first football league in Spain before La Liga was established in 1929.

In December 1900, Alfons Macaya, the president of Hispania AC, offered a trophy (the Copa Macaya) to be contested by several football teams from Spain. The league was played between 1901 and 1940 and was cancelled in Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War.
Mir EO-12
Mir EO-12 (Russian: Мир ЭО-12, also known as Principal Expedition 12) was the twelfth crewed expedition to the space station Mir, lasting from July 1992 until February 1993. The crew, consisting of Russian cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyev and Sergei Avdeyev launched aboard Soyuz TM-15 on 27 July 1992 with French Research Cosmonaut Michel Tognini. After remaining on board Mir for just over six months, Solovyev and Avdeyev returned aboard the same spacecraft on 1 February 1993.

Their mission focused on geophysics, materials science, biotechnology, astronomy and medical experiments. Soyuz TM-15 set a Soyuz spacecraft on orbit endurance record.

Anatoly Solovyev
Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev (Russian: Анатолий Яковлевич Соловьёв; Latvian: Anatolijs Solovjovs; alternate spelling "Solovyov"; born 16 January 1948) is a retired Latvian and Soviet cosmonaut and pilot. Solovyev holds the world record on the number of spacewalks performed (16) and accumulated time spent spacewalking (over 82 hours).
The Trouble with Harry
The Trouble with Harry is a 1955 American Technicolor black comedy film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The screenplay by John Michael Hayes was based on the 1949 novel of the same name by Jack Trevor Story. It stars Edmund Gwenn, John Forsythe, Mildred Natwick, Jerry Mathers and Shirley MacLaine in her film debut. The film was released in the United States on September 30, 1955, then re-released in 1984 after the distribution rights were acquired by Universal Pictures.

Jack Trevor Story
Jack Trevor Story (30 March 1917 – 5 December 1991) was a British novelist, publishing prolifically from the 1940s to the 1970s. His best-known works are the 1949 comic mystery The Trouble with Harry (which was adapted for Alfred Hitchcock's 1955 film of the same name), the Albert Argyle trilogy (Live Now, Pay Later, Something for Nothing and The Urban District Lover), and his Horace Spurgeon novels (I Sit in Hanger Lane, One Last Mad Embrace, Hitler Needs You). He also wrote under the names Alex Atwell, Bret Harding and Rex Riotti.
Foraker Glacier
Foraker Glacier is a glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska. The glacier begins in the Alaska Range on the north side of Mount Foraker, moving northwest for 15 miles (24 km). It is the source of the Foraker River.

Foraker River
The Foraker River (Lower Tanana: Kwalana or Kotalhno) is a 60-mile (97 km) stream in central Alaska in the United States. It drains an area on the north slope of the Alaska Range on the south edge of the Tanana Valley southwest of Fairbanks.  The Herron River is a major tributary.

The Foraker River issues from Foraker Glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve, northwest of Mount Foraker. It flows through the tundra to the north of the Alaska range in a generally northwest direction to Minchumina Lake near the village of Lake Minchumina.

The river was named for its glacial source in 1925 by S.R. Capps of the U.S. Geological Survey. Other names or variants include Seyh Khoolanh No' and Gotothna River.
National Student Film Institute
The National Student Film Institute (NSFI), formerly the Los Angeles Student Film Institute (LASFI), was founded in 1978 by Brenda Norman, Dave Master, Jutti Marsh and Ralph Rogers as a festival for films made by children from kindergarten through ninth grade.  Two years later it was expanded to include the work of all high school students.  The first of what became an annual festival included approximately 350 students who entered 125 films.  By 1993, the Student Film Festival involved over two thousand students throughout the Los Angeles area, who together entered over 300 films.  The film festival was held each year at the Directors Guild Theater in Hollywood.

As demand for workshops, advice and support for teachers grew, NSFI/L.A's Board of Directors expanded the activities of the organization to include workshops for teachers, equipment loans, and support for filmmaking programs in schools.

Grim Natwick
Myron "Grim" Natwick (né Nordveig; August 16, 1890 – October 7, 1990) was an American artist, cartoonist, animator, and film director. Natwick is best known for drawing the Fleischer Studios' most popular character, Betty Boop.
Wedding dress of Carolyn Bessette
The wedding dress worn by Carolyn Bessette at her wedding to John F. Kennedy Jr. on September 21, 1996 was designed by Narciso Rodriguez of Cerruti. The wedding took place on Cumberland Island in the U.S. state of Georgia.

Carolyn Bessette Kennedy
Carolyn Jeanne Bessette Kennedy (née Bessette; January 7, 1966 – July 16, 1999) was an American fashion publicist. She worked for Calvin Klein until her 1996 marriage to attorney and publisher John F. Kennedy Jr. Her life and fashion sense became the subjects of intense media scrutiny afterwards. The couple, along with her older sister Lauren, died in a plane crash off the coast of Martha's Vineyard in 1999.
Moving Up Country
Moving Up Country is an album by James Yorkston and the Athletes.

Released in June 2002, Moving Up Country is the debut studio album by James Yorkston and the Athletes. The album was produced by Yorkston and released on vinyl and on CD by Domino Records. Among the musicians are Fence Collective luminaries Lone Pigeon and King Creosote.

James Yorkston
James Yorkston (born James Patrick Yorkston Wright; 21 December 1971) is a Scottish folk musician, singer-songwriter and author from the village of Kingsbarns, Fife. He has been releasing music since 2001. As well as recording as a solo artist, he has released music with his backing band the Athletes, as part of the Fence Collective, and as a member of the trio Yorkston/Thorne/Khan. He has also written fiction and non-fiction books.
The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter
The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter (a.k.a. The Unnamable Returns) is a 1992 horror film directed Jean-Paul Ouellette. It incorporates elements from the short story "The Statement of Randolph Carter" by H.P. Lovecraft, and is a sequel to The Unnamable, which is loosely based on the short story of the same name, also by Lovecraft.

Mark Kinsey Stephenson reprises the role of Randolph Carter from the previous film, while Charles Clausmeyer also reprises his role as Howard. John Rhys-Davies plays Professor Warren, and David Warner plays the dean of the university.

David Warner is also featured in the film Necronomicon, starring alongside Jeffrey Combs, who plays Lovecraft himself.

Randolph Carter
Randolph Carter is a recurring fictional character created by H. P. Lovecraft. The character first appears in "The Statement of Randolph Carter", a short story Lovecraft wrote in 1919 based on one of his dreams. An American magazine called The Vagrant published the story in May 1920. Carter appears in seven stories written or co-written by Lovecraft, and has since appeared in stories by other authors.
Nehru Place
Nehru Place is a large commercial centre in Delhi, India. Although its importance as a financial centre has declined in recent years, Nehru Place is still a prominent commercial area in South Delhi and houses the headquarters of several Indian firms and rivals with other financial centres in the metropolis like Connaught Place, Bhikaji Cama Place and Rajendra Place.

It had been listed as a notorious market between 2009 and 2014 by the USTR for selling counterfeit software, media and goods.

Nehru Place was named after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India.

Lotus Temple
The Lotus Temple is a Baháʼí House of Worship in New Delhi, India. It was completed in December 1986. Notable for its lotus-like shape, it has become a prominent attraction in the city. Like all Bahá’í Houses of Worship, the Lotus Temple is open to all people, regardless of religion or any other qualification. The building is composed of 27 free-standing marble-clad "petals" arranged in clusters of three to form nine sides, with nine doors opening onto a central hall with a height of slightly over 34 metres and a capacity of 1,300 people. The Lotus Temple has won numerous architectural awards and has been featured in many newspaper and magazine articles.
Mecca Metro
The Mecca Metro or Makkah Metro is a metro system with four planned lines in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Metro was constructed by China Railway Construction Corporation and is run by Mecca Mass Rail Transit Company (MMRTC). The metro forms part of the 62-billion-riyal Mecca Public Transport Programme (MPTP), which will include integrated bus services.

The four proposed metro lines will be in addition to the existing Al Mashaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line: 18.1 km, connecting Mecca, Arafat, Muzdalifa, and Mina opened in November 2010.

Many people utilize the Mecca Metro during the Hajj.

China Railway Construction Corporation
China Railway Construction Corporation Limited (abbreviated CRCC) is a listed construction enterprise based in Beijing, China, that was the second largest construction and engineering company in the world by revenue in 2014.

The limited company was incorporated in 2007 in order to float the assets of China Railway Construction Corporation [Group] (CRCCG, simplified Chinese: 中国铁道建筑总公司; traditional Chinese: 中國鐵道建築總公司, or the holding company) in Shanghai and Hong Kong stock exchange. CRCCG retained some assets which was deemed not suitable to float in the stock exchange.

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the company continued doing business in Russia, including discussing building a tunnel to Crimea. For this reason Ukraine listed CRCC as an International Sponsor of War.
Marvel Zombies 3
Marvel Zombies 3 is a four-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics beginning in October 2008. It is part of the Marvel Zombies series. The series is written by Fred Van Lente, penciled by Kev Walker, with covers by Greg Land.

Midnight Sons
The Midnight Sons are a team of supernatural superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Including Blade, Morbius, and the Ghost Riders Danny Ketch and Johnny Blaze, the original team first formed as part of the Rise of the Midnight Sons story arc, culminating in the first full team appearance in Ghost Rider (vol. 3) #31 (cover dated November 1992). Following the success of the crossovers, Marvel branded all stories involving the group with a distinct family imprint and cover treatment; this lasted from December 1993 to August 1994. The team has been revived several times with different characters, but the most frequent members include Morbius, Blade, and at least one Spirit of Vengeance.
River Carron, Forth
The Carron (Gaelic: Carrann) is a river in central Scotland, rising in the Campsie Fells and flowing along Strathcarron into the Firth of Forth. It has given its name to several locations in Stirlingshire, as well as a type of cannon, a line of bathtubs, two warships, and an island in the Southern Hemisphere.

Stirlingshire
Stirlingshire or the County of Stirling (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Sruighlea [ˈʃirˠəxk ˈs̪t̪ɾuʝlə]) is a historic county and registration county of Scotland. Its county town is Stirling.

It borders Perthshire to the north, Clackmannanshire to the east, West Lothian to the south-east, Lanarkshire to the south, and Dunbartonshire to the south and south-west (this latter boundary is split in two owing to Dunbartonshire's Cumbernauld exclave).
If You Leave Me, Can I Come Too?
"If You Leave Me, Can I Come Too?" is a song by Australian band Mental As Anything, released in May 1981 as the lead single from their third studio album Cats & Dogs. The song peaked at number 4 on the Kent Music Report.

At the 1981 Countdown Music Awards, the song won Best Australian Single.

Australian pop music awards
Australian pop music awards are a series of inter-related national awards that gave recognition to popular musical artists and have included the Go-Set pop poll (1966–1972); TV Week King of Pop Awards (1967–1978); TV Week and Countdown Music Awards (1979–1980); the Countdown Awards (1981–1982) and Countdown Music and Video Awards (1983–1987). Early awards were based on popular voting from readers of teenage pop music newspaper Go-Set and television program guide TV Week. They were followed by responses from viewers of Countdown, a TV pop music series (1974–1987) on national broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). Some of the later award ceremonies incorporated listed nominees and peer-voted awards. From 1987 the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) instituted its own peer-voted ARIA Music Awards.
Guy Hecker
Guy Jackson Hecker (April 3, 1856 – December 3, 1938) was an American professional baseball pitcher, first baseman, outfielder, and player-manager. He played in Major League Baseball from 1882 to 1890, primarily for the Louisville Eclipse/Colonels. In 1884, he won the American Association (AA) pitching triple crown.

Hecker acted as player-manager during the 1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season; in his only season managing a team, Hecker had a managerial record of 23–113–2 (.169). As of 2025, this remains the worst single-season record in the history of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise. The 1890 team also recorded the most losses and the second-fewest wins in a season (behind only the shortened 60-game 2020 season).

Louisville Colonels
The Louisville Colonels were a Major League Baseball team that played in the American Association (AA) throughout that league's ten-year existence from 1882 until 1891. They were known as the Louisville Eclipse from 1882 to 1884, and as the Louisville Colonels from 1885 to 1891; the latter name derived from the historic title of the Kentucky Colonel. After the AA folded in 1891, the Colonels joined the National League and played through the 1899 season.

"Colonels" was also the name of several minor league baseball teams that played in Louisville, Kentucky, in the 20th century.