hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wielowieś, Oleśnica County
Wielowieś [vʲɛˈlɔvʲɛɕ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Syców, within Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The S8 highway passes nearby, south of Wielowieś.

Gmina Syców
Gmina Syców is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Syców, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of Oleśnica, and 52 kilometres (32 mi) north-east of the regional capital Wrocław. It is part of the Wrocław metropolitan area.

The gmina covers an area of 144.79 square kilometres (55.9 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 16,874.
Dandi, Navsari
Dandi is a village in the Jalalpore taluka, Navsari District, Gujarat, India.  It is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea near the city of Navsari.

The village got into worldwide prominence in 1930, when Mahatma Gandhi selected it to be the destination for the Salt March. He marched from Sabarmati (Ahmedabad) to Dandi (Navsari) with some of his followers to protest against the imposition of a tax on salt by the British Raj. Thousands of people participated, travelling on foot for 24 days from Ahmedabad to Dandi.

The Government of India initiated plans to develop the Sabarmati-Dandi stretch as a tourist hub. In 2019 the National Salt Satyagraha Memorial to commemorate the Salt March of the Indian Independence Movement was opened in the village.

Navsari district
Navsari district is an administrative district in the state of Gujarat in India, with its headquarters at the city of Navsari. The district covers an area of 2,211 square kilometres and was formed in 1997 after Valsad district was split into Valsad and Navsari districts. It is the largest producer of chikoos in India.
Black Assize of Exeter 1586
The Black Assizes is an epithet given to several outbreaks of "gaol fever" which struck various prisons and court-houses in England in the late 16th century and which caused the deaths of not only many prisoners awaiting trial but also the magistrates in the court buildings holding assizes.

Bernard Drake
Sir Bernard Drake (c. 1537 – 10 April 1586) of Ash in the parish of Musbury, Devon, was an English sea captain. He himself refuted any familial relationship with his contemporary the great Admiral Sir Francis Drake (c. 1540 – 1596), as their dispute concerning armorials reveals. In fact, Sir Bernard Drake's grandparents John Drake V 1474-1554 and his wife Margaret were also the grandparents of Sir Francis Drake; Sir Bernard being descended from an older son and Francis descended from a younger son. Hence, they were in fact first cousins.
Dovera
Dovera (Cremasco: Duéra) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Dovera borders the following municipalities: Boffalora d'Adda, Corte Palasio, Crespiatica, Lodi, Monte Cremasco, Pandino, Spino d'Adda.

Province of Cremona
The province of Cremona (Italian: provincia di Cremona; Cremunés: pruvìncia de Cremùna; Cremish: pruìnsa de Cremùna; Casalasco-Viadanese: pruvìncia ad Cramòna) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital city is Cremona.

The province occupies the central section of Padana Plain, so the whole territory is flat, without any mountains or hills, crossed by several rivers, such as the Serio and Adda, and artificial canals, most of which are used for irrigation.

The river Po, which is the longest Italian river, is the natural boundary with the adjoining province of Piacenza, while the Oglio separates the province from Brescia.
Amicyanin
Amicyanin is a type I  copper protein that plays an integral role in electron transfer.  In bacteria such as Paracoccus denitrificans, amicyanin is part of a three-member redox complex, along with methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) and cytochrome c-551i.

Methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin)
Methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin) (EC 1.4.9.1, MADH, amine dehydrogenase, primary-amine dehydrogenase, methylamine:amicyanin oxidoreductase (deaminating)) catalyzes the reduction of copper-dependent electron-carrier amicyanin via oxidation of methylamine to formaldehyde.

This reaction requires the post-translational formation of a tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) cofactor. MADH forms a tetramer of two light-chain and two heavy-chain protomers. The TTQ cofactor is located in the light-chain and is formed from oxidative coupling between Trp57 and Trp108 (Paracoccus denitrificans numbering) catalyzed by the diheme enzyme MauG.

In P. denitrificans, methylamine dehydrogenase transiently forms a ternary complex to catalyze methylamine-dependent cytochrome c-551i reduction. Within this complex, electrons are transferred from the TTQ cofactor of MADH to the Type 1 copper center of amicyanin, and then to the heme of the cytochrome.
Traverse Theatre
The Traverse Theatre is a theatre in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was founded as The Traverse Theatre Club in 1962 by John Calder, John Malcolm, Jim Haynes, Richard Demarco, Terry Lane, Andrew Muir, John Martin and Sheila Colvin.

The Traverse Theatre company commissions and develops new plays or adaptations from contemporary playwrights, often describing itself as "Scotland’s new writing theatre".

The Traverse also presents productions from visiting companies and acts as a host venue for Edinburgh Festival Fringe shows in August. It is also the home of 'Imaginate' the Edinburgh International Children's Festival.

John Malcolm (actor)
John McDowell Malcolm (26 March 1936 – 13 June 2008) was a Scottish actor who appeared in numerous films and television productions over a 40-year period.

He attended Barnsley Holgate Grammar School for Boys, Barnsley and trained as an actor at RADA. He then appeared in repertory theatre in Scotland and England and with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He also founded the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh in 1962 and The Theatre Chipping Norton in 1973.

His film appearances included Where Has Poor Mickey Gone? (1964), The Reckoning (1969), The House That Dripped Blood (1971), The Ragman's Daughter (1972), Coming Out of the Ice (1982), and The Dirty Dozen: Next Mission (1985). His television appearances included Enemy at the Door as Oberleutnant Kluge, Nanny, Coronation Street, and the 1988 miniseries War and Remembrance as Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel.
Russian conquest of Siberia
The Russian conquest of Siberia took place during 1581–1778, when the Khanate of Sibir became a loose political structure of vassalages that were being undermined by the activities of Russian explorers. Although outnumbered, the Russians pressured the various family-based tribes into changing their loyalties and establishing distant forts from which they conducted raids. It is traditionally considered that Yermak Timofeyevich's campaign against the Siberian Khanate began in 1581. The annexation of Siberia and the Far East to Russia was resisted by local residents and took place against the backdrop of fierce battles between the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Russian Cossacks, who often committed atrocities against indigenous Siberians. The conquest of the region was a spontaneous event organized by a group of adventurers; it is one of the early European colonial campaigns.

Tobolsk
Tobolsk (Russian: Тобо́льск, IPA: [tɐˈbolʲsk]) is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Tobol and Irtysh rivers. Founded in 1587, Tobolsk is the second-oldest Russian settlement east of the Ural Mountains in Asian Russia, and was the historic capital of the Siberia region. Population: 100,352 (2021 census); 99,694 (2010 census); 92,880 (2002 census); 94,143 (1989 Soviet census).
Land Conference
The Land Conference was a successful conciliatory negotiation held in the Mansion House  in Dublin, Ireland between 20 December 1902 and 4 January 1903. In a short period it produced a unanimously agreed report recommending an amiable solution to the long waged land war between tenant farmers and their landlords. Advocating a massive scheme of voluntary land purchase, it provided the basis for the most important land reform ever introduced by any  Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland  during the period of the Act of Union  (1801–1922), the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903.

Through it, the whole Irish land question underwent a revolutionary transformation whereby the entire tenantry were encouraged to purchase their holdings with advances from the imperial exchequer, provided for the express purpose of facilitating the transfer of the land from owner to occupier.

Tenant farmer
A tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord, while tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management, while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. Depending on the terms of their contract, tenants may make payments to the owner either of a fixed portion of the product, cash, or a combination. The rights the tenant has over the land, the form, and measures of payment vary across systems (geographically and chronologically). In some systems, the tenant could be evicted at whim (tenancy at will); in others, the landowner and tenant sign a contract for a fixed number of years (tenancy for years or indenture). In most developed countries today, at least some restrictions are placed on the rights of landlords to evict tenants under normal circumstances.
Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016
The Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016 (c. 7) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was introduced into the House of Commons on 9 July 2015 by Iain Duncan Smith and received Royal assent in March 2016.

Child Poverty Act 2010
The Child Poverty Act 2010 (c. 9) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom "to set targets relating to the eradication of child poverty, and to make other provision about child poverty".  More specifically, the act has been summarised as comprising "a new set of legal duties for the [UK] government of the day to take action to meet four income targets for ending child poverty by 2020 and to minimise 'socio-economic disadvantage' for children."

The four income targets all related to median UK household income, and were as follows:
Sansepolcro
Sansepolcro, formerly Borgo Santo Sepolcro, is a town and comune founded in the 11th century, located in the Italian Province of Arezzo in the eastern part of the region of Tuscany.

Situated on the upper reaches of the Tiber river, the town is the birthplace of the painters Piero della Francesca, Raffaellino del Colle (a pupil of Raphael), Matteo di Giovanni, Santi di Tito, and Angiolo Tricca.  It was also the birthplace of the Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli, and of Matteo Cioni, who translated Piero della Francesca's treatise about perspective in painting (De prospectiva pingendi) into Latin.

Today, the economy of the town is based on agriculture, industrial manufacturing, food processing and pharmaceuticals. It is the home of Buitoni pasta, founded by Giulia Buitoni in 1827.

Buitoni
Buitoni (Italian pronunciation: [buiˈtoːni]) is an Italian food company based in Sansepolcro. It was founded in 1827. They are known for their factory-produced products of pasta and sauces.

In 1985, the Buitoni family sold the company to Carlo De Benedetti; in 1988, it was acquired by Nestlé. The brand appeared as the shirt sponsor of the football team Napoli from 1985 to 1988 and is associated with the era of the legendary player Diego Maradona. In 2017, Nestlé began a brand reorganization and licensed a variety of Buitoni frozen ready meals in Italy to Frosta AG of Bremerhaven, Germany.
Eli Kent
Eli Kent (born 1988) is a New Zealand playwright and actor.  Kent holds a master's in scriptwriting from Victoria University of Wellington's International Institute of Modern Letters. Kent co-wrote, with James Ashcroft,  the films Coming Home in the Dark and The Rule of Jenny Pen.

James Ashcroft
James Ashcroft (born 12 June 1978) is a New Zealand director, actor, writer and producer. He had a career in theatre, film, television and radio, before moving to directing films. He has directed two films based on short stories by New Zealand writer Owen Marshall, and in 2025 is directing The Whisper Man, starring Robert De Niro.
Trajan's Bridge
Trajan's Bridge (Romanian: Podul lui Traian; Serbian: Трајанов мост, romanized: Trajanov most), also called Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube, was a Roman segmental arch bridge, on the modern Serbian - Romanian border, the first bridge to be built over the lower Danube and considered one of the greatest achievements in Roman architecture. Though it was functional for only 165 years, it is often considered to have been the longest arch bridge in both total span and length for more than 1,000 years.

The bridge was completed in 105 AD and designed by Emperor Trajan's architect Apollodorus of Damascus before the Second Dacian War to allow Roman troops to cross the river. Fragmentary ruins of the bridge's piers are still in existence.

Roman bridge
The ancient Romans were the first civilization to build large, permanent bridges. Early Roman bridges used techniques introduced by Etruscan immigrants, but the Romans improved those skills, developing and enhancing methods such as arches and keystones. There were three major types of Roman bridge: wooden, pontoon, and stone. Early Roman bridges were wooden, but by the 2nd century BC stone was being used. Stone bridges used the arch as their basic structure, and most used concrete, the first use of this material in bridge-building.
Maryland Central Railroad
The  Maryland Central Railroad  (MCRR) was a 19th-century 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad in Maryland, with a small track section in Pennsylvania. It operated freight and passenger trains between Baltimore and Delta, Pennsylvania.

Delta, Pennsylvania
Delta is a borough in York County, Pennsylvania, United States, and one of the southernmost communities in Pennsylvania. The population was 705 at the 2020 census. It is part of the York–Hanover metropolitan area. It is served by the South Eastern School District which provides a public education.
1961 Chicago White Sox season
The 1961 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 61st season in the major leagues, and its 62nd season overall. They finished with a record of 86–76, good enough for fourth place in the American League, 23 games behind the first-place New York Yankees. Their pitching staff surrendered 13 of Roger Maris's 61 home runs that year, the most of any team.

1961 New York Yankees season
The 1961 New York Yankees season was the 59th season for the team. The team finished with a record of 109–53, eight games ahead of the Detroit Tigers, and won their 26th American League pennant. New York was managed by Ralph Houk. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they defeated the Cincinnati Reds in 5 games. This season was best known for the home run chase between Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle, with the former beating Babe Ruth's single season record by hitting 61.
Patterson station (Metro-North)
Patterson station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in Patterson, New York.

It is the northernmost station on the line in Putnam County, and the first station beyond the end of electrification.

Patterson, New York
Patterson is a town in Putnam County, New York, United States. The town is in the northeastern part of the county and Interstate 84 passes through its southwestern section. The population was 11,541 at the 2020 census. The town is named after farmer Matthew Paterson. The original name was spelled “Paterson,” but was changed to its current spelling in the mid-19th century, reportedly because mail delivery confusion with Paterson, New Jersey.
Constance of Béarn
Constance (born 1245–1255, died 1310) was suo jure Viscountess of Marsan as well as titular Countess of Bigorre, daughter of Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn and his first wife Martha of Marsan. Constance inherited all of her titles from her mother and contended to inherit her father's Viscounty of Béarn. She was married three times during her lifetime, marrying into the royal families of Aragon, Castile and England.

Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn
Gaston VII de Montcada (Latin: Guasto de Biarde; 1225 – 26 April 1290), called Froissard, was the twentieth Viscount of Béarn from 1229. He was the son and heir of Guillermo II de Montcada of the House of Montcada and of Garsenda, daughter of Alfonso II of Provence and Garsenda of Forcalquier. He was succeeded by Roger-Bernard III of Foix.
Schmeerguntz
Schmeerguntz is a 1965 American avant-garde film by Gunvor Nelson and Dorothy Wiley. It is a collage film that contrasts messy depictions of domestic life with the pristine images of women found in media and advertising. The film was an inspiration for the Miss America protest that happened in 1968.

Miss America protest
The Miss America protest was a demonstration held at the Miss America 1969 contest on September 7, 1968, attended by about 200 feminists and civil rights advocates. The feminist protest was organized by New York Radical Women and included putting symbolic feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can" on the Atlantic City boardwalk, including bras, hairspray, makeup, girdles, corsets, false eyelashes, mops, and other items. The protesters also unfurled a large banner emblazoned with "Women's Liberation" inside the contest hall, drawing worldwide media attention to the Women's Liberation Movement.

Reporter Lindsy Van Gelder drew an analogy between the feminist protesters throwing bras in the trash cans and Vietnam War protesters who burned their draft cards. The bra-burning trope was permanently attached to the event and became a catch-phrase of the feminist era.
Crisis of Faith (album)
Crisis of Faith is the sixth studio album by Canadian rock band Billy Talent, released on January 21, 2022, through Spinefarm Records. It was preceded by five singles; "Forgiveness I + II" "Reckless Paradise", "I Beg to Differ (This Will Get Better)", "End of Me" featuring Rivers Cuomo of Weezer, and "The Wolf". The album had particular success on the charts in German-speaking Europe, debuting at number one in Germany and Switzerland, and number two in Austria.

Reckless Paradise
"Reckless Paradise" is a song by Canadian punk band Billy Talent. Initially released as the first single for their sixth album, Crisis of Faith, it became the album's second single after the band chose to include their previous single, "Forgiveness I + II", on Crisis of Faith.
Jerry's Foods
Jerry's Enterprises, Inc. (JEI) is an operator of County Market, Cub Foods, Jerry's Foods, and Save-a-Lot grocery stores headquartered in Edina, Minnesota. It was founded in 1947 by CEO Gerald A. (Jerry) Paulsen.

Jerry's Foods is the largest Cub Foods franchise in the United States, with 3 retail supermarkets in the Twin Cities, and 1 in  Sanibel, Florida.

JEI also owns four liquor stores (two operating as Cub Liquor), five hardware stores and two print shops, as well as additional property interests.

Edina, Minnesota
Edina (locally /iːˈdaɪnə/ ⓘ ee-DY-nə, /ɪˈdaɪnə/ ih-DY-nə) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States and a first-ring suburb of Minneapolis. The population was 53,494 at the 2020 census, making it the 18th most populous city in Minnesota.

Edina began as a small farming and milling community along Minnehaha Creek in the 1860s and became one of Minneapolis's first incorporated suburbs in 1888. After years of being a streetcar suburb, Edina saw expanded development as a car-centric suburb in the 1950s and 1960s.

The city is known for its shopping, parks, and high quality of life and also has the nation's oldest indoor mall, the Southdale Center.
1980 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1980 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 32nd season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 9th modern-era NASCAR Cup season. It was the final year with the Gen 2 car. The season began on Sunday, January 13 and ended on Sunday, November 15. Dale Earnhardt won his first Winston Cup championship in his first full-season after missing couple races in 1979, winning by 19 points over Cale Yarborough. Jody Ridley was crowned NASCAR Rookie of the Year.

Dick Brooks
Richard Harold Brooks (April 14, 1942 – February 1, 2006) was an American NASCAR driver. Born in Porterville, California, he was the 1969 NASCAR Rookie of the Year, and went on to win the 1973 Talladega 500. Brooks held off veteran Buddy Baker by 7.2 seconds for the Talladega win. After he retired, he served as a NASCAR sportscaster for a brief period of time. His Grand National statistics include the win at Talladega Superspeedway, 57 top-fives, 150 top-tens, 4 top-ten points finishes (1975 through 1978), and 358 career races. Although Brooks only won one NASCAR race, he was a popular figure in that  league of motorsports. Brooks drove for the underfunded Junie Donlavey team throughout his racing career.
Before You Exit
Before You Exit is an American pop rock band originally from Orlando, Florida, now based in Los Angeles, California. It consists of brothers Connor, Riley, and Toby McDonough.

In August 2009, they self-released their debut EP, A Short Story Long. In March 2011, they released their second EP, Letting Go, and their third EP, I Like That, was released in February 2013. In July 2015, they released their single, "Model". Before You Exit's latest EP, All the Lights, was released on April 8, 2016. Since All the Lights, the band released two singles, "Find Yourself" (in collaboration with Great Good Fine Ok) and "Strangers", before releasing their first album, Love, Pain, & Retrospect in June 2019.

Cody Simpson
Cody Robert Simpson (born 11 January 1997) is an Australian singer, actor, and a former competitive swimmer. Since his debut as a recording artist, he has released four solo studio albums: Paradise (2012), Surfers Paradise (2013), Free (2015), and a self-titled album (2022). He portrayed the lead role of Dmitry in the Broadway musical Anastasia from November 2018 through April 2019. The same year, he won the first season of The Masked Singer Australia as "Robot".

In 2022, Simpson joined the Australian Swim Team after qualifying for the Commonwealth Games during Australia's team trials. In June 2024, he retired from competitive swimming after failing to qualify for Paris Olympics.
Weathersfield Bow, Vermont
Weathersfield Bow is an unincorporated community in the town of Weathersfield, Windsor County, Vermont, United States. It is located in the southeastern corner of Weathersfield, along the Connecticut River. To the south lies the town of Springfield, and to the north is the village of Ascutney.

Windsor County, Vermont
Windsor County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 57,753. The shire town (county seat) is the town of Woodstock. The county's largest municipality is the town of Hartford.
Sverdrup Mountains
The Sverdrup Mountains (Norwegian: Sverdrupfjella) are a group of mountains about 80 km (50 mi) long, standing just west of the Gjelsvik Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 2,855 metres (9,367 ft), Hamartind Peak forms the highest point in the Sverdrup Mountains.

Hamartind Peak
Hamartind Peak (72°33′S 0°39′E﻿ / ﻿72.550°S 0.650°E﻿ / -72.550; 0.650) is a peak, 2,885 metres (9,465 ft) high, at the eastern extremity of the Hamrane Heights, making it the highest peak in the Sverdrup Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The peak was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and from air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1958–59) and named Hamartind (the crag peak).