hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Internet area network
An Internet area network (IAN) is a concept for a communications network that connects voice and data endpoints within a cloud environment over IP, replacing an existing local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN) or the public switched telephone network (PSTN).

Wide area network
A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.

Businesses, as well as schools and government entities, use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers and suppliers from various locations around the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily functions regardless of location. The Internet may be considered a WAN. Many WANs are, however, built for one particular organization and are private. WANs can be separated from local area networks (LANs) in that the latter refers to physically proximal networks.
Gacyny
Gacyny [ɡaˈt͡sɨnɨ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wejherowo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Wejherowo
Gmina Wejherowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Wejherowo, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 194.08 square kilometres (74.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 18,688.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Tricity Landscape Park.
Daur Akhvlediani Stadium
Daur Akhvlediani Stadium is the central stadium of Gagra city in Georgia. It is located on Nartaa Avenue. During the Abkhaz–Georgian conflict the stadium was seriously damaged and ceased to function. In 2007, it was reconstructed and 1,500 plastic benches were installed and drainage works carried out on the football field. The stadium was reopened on July 10, 1997, and was named after the hero of Abkhazia, Daur Akhvlediani.

Daur Akhvlediani
Daur Akhvlediani (Georgian: დაურ ახვლედიანი, Russian: Даур Ахвледиани; 10 October 1964 – 22 September 1993) was an Abkhaz professional football player. He took part in the War in Abkhazia (1992–93), subsequently died and was posthumously awarded the order Hero of Abkhazia, the highest honorary title of the disputed territory of Abkhazia.
Empress Ma (Southern Han)
Empress Ma (馬皇后, personal name unknown) (died January 22, 935) was the only known empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Southern Han.  She was the wife of Southern Han's founding emperor Liu Yan (Emperor Gaozu), and the daughter of Ma Yin (Prince Wumu), the prince of Southern Han's northern neighbor Chu.

Liu Yan (emperor)
Liu Yan (traditional Chinese: 劉龑; simplified Chinese: 刘䶮; pinyin: Liú Yǎn; Jyutping: Lau4 Jim2; 889 – 10 June 942), né Liu Yan (劉巖), also named Liu Zhi (劉陟) (from c. 896 to 911) and briefly as Liu Gong (劉龔), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Gaozu of Southern Han (南漢高祖), was the first emperor of the Chinese Southern Han dynasty, one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
Thomas Drue
Thomas Drue or Drewe (c.1586–1627) was an English Protestant playwright.

He wrote The Life of the Duchess of Suffolk. It has also been suggested that he wrote The Bloody Banquet (By T. D.,’ 1620, 4to)., However others have attributed it to Thomas Dekker and Thomas Middleton. An unpublished play, the ‘Woman's Mistake,’ is ascribed in the ‘Stationers' Registers,’ 9 Sept. 1653, to Robert Davenport and Drue. Possibly the dramatist may be the Thomas Drewe who in 1621 translated and published Daniel Ben Alexander, the converted Jew, first written in Syriacke and High Dutch by himselfe.

The Bloody Banquet
The Bloody Banquet is an early 17th-century play, a revenge tragedy of uncertain date and authorship, attributed on its title page only to "T.D." It has attracted a substantial body of critical and scholarly commentary, chiefly for the challenging authorship problem it presents. It has been attributed to a collaboration between Thomas Dekker and Thomas Middleton.
Raimo Valle
Raimo Valle (born 15 September 1965) is a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Labour Party.

He hails from Nesseby Municipality. He graduated as cand.mag. from the University of Tromsø in 1989. Outside politics he worked as a consultant in Troms County Municipality from 1993 to 2007. He was a board member of the Centre for Sami Studies, University of Tromsø after graduating, was the county leader of the Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations in Troms from 1999 to 2003 and from 2001 to 2007 he was a board member of the Association of Social Scientists.

In 2007, he was appointed to Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion. He left office in 2012.

Nesseby Municipality
Unjárga (Northern Sami) or Nesseby (Norwegian) (also unofficially Uuniemi in Kven and Finnish) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Varangerbotn. Other villages in Nesseby include Gandvik, Karlebotn, Nesseby, Grasbakken and Nyelv. The European route E06 and European route E75 highways intersect at Varangerbotn in Nesseby.

The 1,437-square-kilometre (555 sq mi) municipality is the 62nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Nesseby is the 344th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 859. The municipality's population density is 0.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.5% over the previous 10-year period.

In popular culture: The municipality has been the main set of movies, as late as the 2020s.
Johnson's algorithm
Johnson's algorithm is a way to find the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in an edge-weighted directed graph. It allows some of the edge weights to be negative numbers, but no negative-weight cycles may exist. It works by using the Bellman–Ford algorithm to compute a transformation of the input graph that removes all negative weights, allowing Dijkstra's algorithm to be used on the transformed graph. It is named after Donald B. Johnson, who first published the technique in 1977.

A similar reweighting technique is also used in a version of the successive shortest paths algorithm for the minimum cost flow problem due to Edmonds and Karp, as well as in  Suurballe's algorithm for finding two disjoint paths of minimum total length between the same two vertices in a graph with non-negative edge weights.

Donald B. Johnson
Donald Bruce Johnson (December 16, 1933 – September 10, 1994) was an American computer scientist, a researcher in the design and analysis of algorithms, and the founding chair of the computer science department at Dartmouth College.

Johnson received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1973 under the supervision of David Gries. He took a faculty position in the computer science department at Pennsylvania State University, and later moved to the department of mathematics at Dartmouth. When the Dartmouth computer science department was founded in 1994, he became its first chair.

Johnson invented the d-ary heap data structure, and is also known for Johnson's algorithm for the all-pairs shortest path problem.
John Crome
John Crome (22 December 1768 – 22 April 1821), once known as Old Crome to distinguish him from his artist son John Berney Crome, was an English landscape painter of the Romantic era, one of the principal artists and founding members of the Norwich School of painters. He lived in the English city of Norwich for all his life. Most of his works are of Norfolk landscapes.

Crome's work is in the collections of public art galleries, including the Tate Gallery and the Royal Academy in London, and the Castle Museum in Norwich. He produced etchings and taught art.

Norwich Castle
Norwich Castle is a medieval royal fortification in the city of Norwich, in the English county of Norfolk. William the Conqueror (1066–1087) ordered its construction in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest of England. The castle was used as a gaol from 1220 to 1887. In 1894, the Norwich Museum moved to Norwich Castle. The museum and art gallery holds significant objects from the region, especially works of art, archaeological finds and natural history specimens.

The historic national importance of the Norwich Castle site was recognised in 1915 with its listing as a scheduled monument. The castle buildings, including the keep, attached gothic style gatehouse and former prison wings, were given Grade I listed building status in 1954. The castle is one of the city's twelve heritage sites, and is managed by the Norfolk Museums Service.

The interior of the keep was reconstructed over five years to how it would have looked in the early 12th century, fully reopening in August 2025.
Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
The Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) (also called Chandrayaan-5) is a planned joint lunar mission by ISRO and JAXA. The mission would send an uncrewed lunar lander and rover to explore the south pole region of the Moon no earlier than 2028. It is envisaged to explore the permanently shadowed regions and to determine the quantity and quality of water on the Moon. JAXA will provide the H3 launch vehicle, 350 kg lunar rover along with instruments and ISRO will provide the lander and few rover instruments.

LUPEX will follow the planned lunar sample-return mission Chandrayaan-4.

JAXA
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, Kokuritsu-kenkyū-kaihatsu-hōjin Uchū Kōkū Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō; lit. 'National Research and Development Agency Aerospace Research and Development Organisation') is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations, JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research, technology development and launch of satellites into orbit, and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of the Moon. Its motto is One JAXA and its corporate slogan is Explore to Realize (formerly Reaching for the skies, exploring space).
Come as You Were (album)
Come as You Were is the third studio album by American country music artist T. Graham Brown. It was released in 1988 via Capitol Nashville. The includes the singles "Darlene", "Come as You Were" and "Never Say Never".

T. Graham Brown
Anthony Graham Brown  (born October 30, 1954), known professionally as T. Graham Brown, is an American country music singer. Active since 1973, Brown has recorded a total of thirteen studio albums, and has charted more than twenty singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. Three of these singles — "Hell and High Water" and "Don't Go to Strangers" from 1986, and "Darlene" from 1988 — reached Number One, and eight more made Top Ten.

In 2024, he achieved one of country music's crowning achievements when he was invited to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry. Prior to his induction, Brown had made over 300 appearances as a guest performer.
The Toxic Avenger (musical)
The Toxic Avenger is a 2008 rock musical based on the 1984 film of the same name. The book of the musical was written by Joe DiPietro, its music by David Bryan, and both wrote the lyrics. It is a comical take on a number of themes, including superhero stories, pollution, disability, politics, and the idea that New Jersey is inferior to other places. Since its first showing in 2008, it has been performed around the world through at least 2017.

David Bryan
David Bryan Rashbaum (born February 7, 1962) is an American musician and singer-songwriter, best known as the keyboardist and one of the founding members of the rock band Bon Jovi, in which he also co-wrote songs and performs backing vocals. In 2018, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Bon Jovi. He is also known for writing the music and co-writing the lyrics with Joe DiPietro for the musical Memphis, for which he won the Tony Award for Best Original Score.
Aldoin (bishop of Cefalù)
Aldoin, also spelled Arduin or Harduin (died 1248), was the bishop of Cefalù from 1217 until his death. He is best known for his three exiles (1222–1223, 1226–1227, 1235–1248) and his trial for maladministration in 1223–1224.

Diocese of Cefalù
The Diocese of Cefalù (Latin: Dioecesis Cephaludensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in north-central Sicily. Under the Greek church in the 8th and 9th centuries, it was a suffragan of the metropolitanate of Syracuse in the Patriarchate of Constantinople. When the Latin rite diocese was founded under the Normans, in 1131, it became a suffragan of the archdiocese of Messina. In 2000, Pope John Paul II made the diocese of Cefalù a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Palermo.
McMillan, Wisconsin
McMillan is a town in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the Wausau, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,968 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated community of McMillan is located in the town. A section of the Mead Wildlife Area is also located in the town.

Marathon County, Wisconsin
Marathon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 138,013. Its county seat is Wausau. It was founded in 1850, created from a portion of Portage County. At that time the county stretched to the northern border with the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is named after the battlefield at Marathon, Greece.

Marathon County comprises the Wausau, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau–Stevens Point–Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Heady Topper
Heady Topper is a double India Pale Ale brewed by The Alchemist primarily in Waterbury, Vermont and in Stowe, Vermont. It is unfiltered and contains 8% ABV. The Alchemist describes Heady Topper as having flavors of orange, tropical fruit, pink grapefruit, pine, and spice. Unpasteurized, it is kept refrigerated by authorized retailers until point of sale. It has been described as "a complex web of genius", and as of August 2018, it was rated the fourth best beer in the world by Beer Advocate.

India pale ale
India pale ale (IPA) is a hoppy beer style within the broader category of pale ale.

IPA originated in the United Kingdom, to be exported to India, which was under the control of the British East India Company until 1858. The higher hop content of IPA acted as a natural preservative, preventing it from spoiling during the long shipping voyage.

IPA declined in popularity in the late 19th and mid 20th centuries. Since the 1970s, it has regained significant popularity, being associated with homebrewer and craft beer.
Prairie Township, Franklin County, Missouri
Prairie Township is an inactive township in Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

This Township contains the communities of Luebbering, Huff, Hemker(1885-1970), Lonedell, and Maupin

Prairie Township was established in 1853, taking its name from the prairie land within its borders.

Franklin County, Missouri
Franklin County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 census, the population was 104,682. Its county seat is Union. The county was organized in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. Franklin County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains some of the city's exurbs. It is located along the south side of the Missouri River. The county has wineries that are included in the Hermann AVA (American Viticultural Area) and is part of the region known as the Missouri Rhineland, which extends on both sides of the Missouri River.
South Swedish highlands
The South Swedish highlands or South Swedish Uplands (Swedish: Sydsvenska höglandet) are a hilly area covering large parts of Götaland in southern  Sweden. Except for a lack of deep valleys, the landscape is similar to the Norrland terrain found further north in Sweden. The central-eastern parts of the highlands contain about thirty narrow canyons locally known as skurus.

Much of the highlands lies above 200 m.a.s.l. and there are large areas around the highlands that exceed 100 m.a.s.l. The highlands are centered on Småland but cover also large swathes of Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and Blekinge. The highest point lies 377 m.a.s.l.

Småland
Småland (Swedish: [ˈsmǒːland] ⓘ) is a historical province (landskap) in southern Sweden.
Småland borders Blekinge, Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name Småland literally means "small lands", referring to many small historic provinces from which it was composed. The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages. The highest point in Småland is Tomtabacken, at 377 metres (1,237 ft). In terms of total area, Småland is similar in size to Belgium.
Charles Fracé
Charles Fracé (February 28, 1926 – December 16, 2005) was an American wildlife artist whose work was featured in more than 500 exhibitions, including a solo exhibition at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Fracé painted over a hundred paintings from which limited edition prints were produced, which were consistently popular with collectors.

Animal painter
An animal painter is an artist who specialises in (or is known for their skill in) the portrayal of animals.

The OED dates the first express use of the term "animal painter" to the mid-18th century: by English physician, naturalist and writer John Berkenhout (1726–1791). From the early 20th century, wildlife artist became a more usual term for contemporary animal painters.
Gruber Mansion
Gruber Mansion (Slovene: Gruberjeva palača) is a mansion in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, standing at 1 Astronomy Street (Zvezdarska ulica) on the right bank of the Ljubljanica, east of Levstik Square (Levstikov trg) and Castle Hill. It currently houses the Archives of the Republic of Slovenia.

Archives of the Republic of Slovenia
The Archives of the Republic of Slovenia (ARS) (Slovene: Arhiv Republike Slovenije) are the national archives of Slovenia. They were created in 1945, but have their origins in 1773. They are supervised by the Slovenian Ministry of Culture. They are located in the Gruber Palace in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. Since March 2012, the archive's executive director has been Jože Dežman, who replaced Dragan Matić.
Ike Ofoegbu
Ikechukwu Justin (Yitzhak) "Ike" OfoegbuListenⓘ (born November 9, 1984) is an American-Nigerian former professional basketball player. He is a 2.05 m (6 ft 8.75) tall power forward-center. He played college basketball with SMU.

SMU Mustangs men's basketball
The SMU Mustangs men's basketball team represents Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Texas and competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I college basketball. In 104 years of basketball, SMU's record is 1,377–1,237. SMU has reached one Final Four, made 12 NCAA Tournament Appearances, won 16 Conference Championships, had 11 All-Americans, and 23 NBA Draft selections.

SMU finished the 2016–17 season with a 30–5 record, and won their second conference title in three years. They set the school record for single season wins, and returned to the NCAA Tournament following a postseason ban in the 2015–16 season.
Krościenko, Bieszczady County
Krościenko [krɔɕˈt͡ɕɛŋkɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne, within Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, near the border with Ukraine.

Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne
Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ustrzyki Dolne, which lies approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

The gmina covers an area of 477.7 square kilometres (184.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 17,623 (out of which the population of Ustrzyki Dolne amounts to 9,478, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 8,145).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Słonne Mountains Landscape Park.
Channel 5 branded TV stations in the United States
The following television stations in the United States brand as channel 5 (though neither using virtual channel 5 nor broadcasting on physical RF channel 5):

KCWQ-LD in Palm Springs, California

KECY-DT2 in El Centro, California

KION-TV in Salinas, California, which brands as 5/46

KRBK in Springfield, Missouri

KSBY-DT2 in San Luis Obispo, California

KSWB-TV in San Diego, California

KTKA-DT3 in Topeka, Kansas

KXPI-LD in Pocatello, Idaho

WBGH-CA in Binghamton, New York

WIYE-LD2 in Parkersburg, West Virginia

WLAJ-DT2 in Lansing, Michigan

WWCW in Lynchburg, Virginia

The following television stations in the United States formerly branded as channel 5:

KSNB-TV in York, Nebraska

KWWT in Odessa, Texas

The following television stations in the United States, which are no longer broadcasting, formerly branded as channel 5:

Toledo 5, a cable-only station in Toledo, Ohio

KECY-TV
KECY-TV (channel 9) is a television station licensed to El Centro, California, United States, serving the Yuma, Arizona–El Centro, California market as an affiliate of Fox, MyNetworkTV, ABC and The CW Plus. It is owned by the News-Press & Gazette Company alongside low-power Telemundo affiliate KESE-LD (channel 35); NPG also provides certain services to dual CBS/NBC affiliate KYMA-DT (channel 13) through a shared services agreement (SSA) with Rincon Broadcasting Group. The three stations share studios on South 4th Avenue in downtown Yuma, with an advertising sales office on West Main Street in El Centro; KECY-TV's transmitter is located in the Chocolate Mountains.
James Kendrick Williams
James Kendrick Williams (born September 5, 1936, also known as J. Kendrick Williams) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who was bishop of Diocese of Lexington in Kentucky from 1988 to 2002. Williams previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Covington in Kentucky.

Williams resigned as bishop of Lexington in 2002 after three men accused him of child sexual abuse.

Diocese of Covington
The Diocese of Covington (Latin: Dioecesis Covingtonensis) is a Catholic diocese in northern Kentucky in the United States. The cathedral church of the diocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Covington. John Iffert is the bishop.
Alexander Edward
Alexander Edward (10 June 1651 – 16 November 1708) was a priest of the Scottish Episcopal Church who later became a draughtsman, architect and landscape designer. He was a stylistic follower of Sir William Bruce, and planned several gardens in the grand French axial manner.

Falkland Palace
Falkland Palace, in Falkland, Fife, Scotland, is a royal palace of the Scottish kings.  It was one of the favourite places of Mary, Queen of Scots, who took refuge there from political and religious turmoil of her times.

Today it is under the stewardship of Ninian Stuart, who delegates most of his duties to the National Trust for Scotland. The Chapel Royal in the Palace is dedicated to Thomas the Apostle. It is open to the public and reserved for Catholic worship.