hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schur-convex function
In mathematics, a Schur-convex function, also known as S-convex, isotonic function and order-preserving function is a function  that for all  such that  is majorized by , one has that . Named after Issai Schur, Schur-convex functions are used in the study of majorization.

A function f is 'Schur-concave' if its negative, −f, is Schur-convex.

Issai Schur
Issai Schur (10 January 1875 – 10 January 1941) was a Russian mathematician who worked in Germany for most of his life. He studied at the University of Berlin. He obtained his doctorate in 1901, became lecturer in 1903 and, after a stay at the University of Bonn, professor in 1919.

As a student of Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, he worked on group representations (the subject with which he is most closely associated), but also in combinatorics and number theory and even theoretical physics. He is perhaps best known today for his result on the existence of the Schur decomposition and for his work on group representations (Schur's lemma).

Schur published under the name of both I. Schur, and J. Schur, the latter especially in Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. This has led to some confusion.
31st Golden Melody Awards
The 31st Golden Melody Awards (Chinese: 第31屆金曲獎)  took place in Taipei, Taiwan in 2020. The ceremony was scheduled for 27 June 2020, but rescheduled to 3 October, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and moved to the Taipei Music Center.

Taipei Music Center
The Taipei Music Center (TMC; Chinese: 台北流行音樂中心; pinyin: Táiběi Liúxíng Yīnyuè Zhōngxīn; lit. 'Taipei Popular Music Center') is a performing arts and cultural venue in Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan, including a 5,000-seat concert hall, cultural hall and creative production facilities.
Colintraive Hotel
The Colintraive Hotel (also known as The Colintraive) is a hotel and pub in Colintraive, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It was formerly a hunting lodge for John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute. It stands a few yards from the eastern shores of the Kyles of Bute and the ferry crossing of the 400-yard gap to Rhubodach on Bute, currently provided by the MV Loch Dunvegan.

Jazz guitarist Ken Sykora owned the hotel for around five years during the 1970s.

In the 1880s, the hotel was owned by Andrew Turner. In the 1890s, it was owned by a Mrs Turner.

Colintraive
Colintraive (Scottish Gaelic: Caol an t-Snàimh) is a village in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Once the site where cattle were swum across the narrows to the Isle of Bute, the MV Loch Dunvegan — a ferry operated by Caledonian MacBrayne — now provides a link to the island.
Bhagwaan Dada
Bhagwaan Dada is a 1986 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by J. Om Prakash. The plot is about a criminal who becomes morally redeemed through his love for a child. The film stars Rajinikanth in the title role, with Rakesh Roshan, Sridevi, Tina Munim, Paresh Rawal, Danny Denzongpa and Hrithik Roshan in pivotal roles.

Danny Denzongpa
Danny Denzongpa (born Tsering Phuntsok Denzongpa; 25 February 1948) is an Indian actor, playback singer, film director, and liquor baron of Sikkimese descent. His film career was primarily in Hindi, but also occasionally in Bengali, Nepali, and Tamil films. In a career spanning five decades, has acted in over 190 films since 1971. In 2003, Denzongpa was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour.

He has also starred in some international films, the most famous being Seven Years in Tibet where he appeared alongside Brad Pitt. His best known villainous roles are in Dhund, 36 Ghante, Bandish, Jeeo Aur Jeene Do, Pyar Jhukta Nahin, Aandhi-Toofan, Agneepath, Hum, Krantiveer, Indian and Enthiran whereas his best known positive roles were in Chor Machaye Shor, Fakira, Kalicharan, Devata, Bulundi, Adhikar, Aag Hi Aag and China Gate. His directorial venture Phir Wahi Raat was considered among the top five best horror suspense films of Hindi Cinema.
Minbo
Minbo (ミンボーの女, Minbō no Onna) is a 1992 Japanese film by filmmaker Juzo Itami. It is also known by the titles Minbo: the Gentle Art of Japanese Extortion, The Gangster's Moll and The Anti-Extortion Woman. The film was widely popular in Japan and a critical success internationally. It satirizes the yakuza, who retaliated for their portrayal in the film by attacking the director.

Nobuko Miyamoto
Nobuko Miyamoto (宮本 信子, Miyamoto Nobuko; born March 27, 1945) is a Japanese actress. She was born in Otaru, Hokkaidō, and raised in Nagoya. She was married to director Juzo Itami from 1969 until his death in 1997, and regularly starred in his films.

She has been nominated for eight Best Actress Japanese Academy Awards, winning in 1988 for her role in A Taxing Woman.
Denver Outlaws
The Denver Outlaws are a professional field lacrosse team based in Denver, Colorado, that competes in the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL). Founded as the Chrome Lacrosse Club, they began play as one of the league's six inaugural teams in the 2019 season alongside Archers, Atlas, Chaos, Redwoods, and Whipsnakes. The team competes as a member of the league's Western Conference.

Following the assignment of home markets for the 2024 season on November 14, 2023, they were rebranded with the identity of the former Denver Outlaws of Major League Lacrosse. The Denver Outlaws notched their first PLL win defeating the defending champion Utah Archers 18–17 in overtime on June 7, 2024, in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Premier Lacrosse League Championship Series
The PLL Championship Series is an annual winter lacrosse tournament in the lacrosse sixes format. It is hosted by the Premier Lacrosse League. It features the top four teams in the regular season standings of the previous Premier Lacrosse League season. The inaugural championship series occurred in 2023.

Announced in May 2022, the Championship Series was created for a variety of reasons: incentivize a teams regular season finishing position (as of 2023 only the last place team in the standings does not qualify for playoffs in the PLL), provide more playing opportunities for PLL players that do not play in the NLL, aid in the broader push for lacrosse's inclusion in the Olympics, and to create more inventory for the PLL's broadcasting partners.

The four qualifying teams were allowed to roster 12 players, ten field players and two goalkeepers.
2024–25 Women's Hoofdklasse Hockey
The 2024–25 Women's Hoofdklasse Hockey was the 44th season of the Women's Hoofdklasse Hockey, the top Dutch field hockey league. The season began on 14 September 2024 and concluded on 29 May 2025 with the second match of the championship final.

Den Bosch were the defending champions. They defended their title by defeating SCHC 4–3 in a shoot-out after the final finished 2–2 on aggregate. It was a record-extending 23rd title for Den Bosch.

HC 's-Hertogenbosch
Hockeyclub 's-Hertogenbosch, also known as Den Bosch, is a Dutch professional field hockey club based in 's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant. It was founded on 14 July 1937.

The first teams (men and women) both compete on the highest level of the Dutch field hockey league, the Hoofdklasse. HC 's-Hertogenbosch won the title in 1998 and 2001. The women's team reign since 1998, winning a record number of nineteen titles in 21 years since then.
Madiha Rizvi
Madiha Rizvi (born 25 December 1987) is a Pakistani actress. She is known for her roles in dramas Kahin Deep Jaley, Aik Thi Rania, Piya Naam Ka Diya, Mere Meherbaan, Parizaad, Aangan, Sammi, Rajo Rocket, and Chaudhry and Sons. She is the daughter of film actress Deeba.

Piya Naam Ka Diya
Piya Naam Ka Diya (Urdu: پیا نام کا دیا; English: Lamp of beloved's name) is a 2019 Pakistani romantic drama serial directed by Saleem Ghanchi, written by Samra Bukhari, produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under the 7th Sky Entertainment banner. The serial stars Saniya Shamshad, Yashma Gill and Farhan Ahmed Malhi. The serial was released in July 2019 on Geo Entertainment.
Plaza Rueda
Plaza Rueda is a public square in Ermita, Manila, bounded by Taft Avenue to the west, United Nations Avenue to the north and General Luna Street to the east.

Originally a low, swampy ground, the plaza was established by the Municipal Board of Manila, known today the Manila City Council, on November 15, 1915, and dedicated to Spanish journalist and poet Salvador Rueda, who visited the Philippines that year.

Taft Avenue
Taft Avenue (Filipino: Abenida Taft; Spanish: Avenida Taft) is a major road in southern Metro Manila. It passes through three cities in the metropolis: Manila, Pasay, and Parañaque. The road was named after the former Governor-General of the Philippines and U.S. President William Howard Taft; the Philippines was a former commonwealth territory of the United States in the first half of the 20th century from 1898-1946. The avenue is a component of National Route 170 (N170), a secondary road in the Philippine highway network and Radial Road 2 (R-2) of the Manila arterial road network.
São Tomé olive pigeon
The São Tomé olive pigeon or maroon pigeon (Columba thomensis) is an endangered species of pigeon which is endemic to the island of São Tomé off the coast of western Africa.  It was described by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1888.

São Tomé (island)
São Tomé, at 854 km2 (330 sq mi), is the largest island of São Tomé and Príncipe and is home in May 2018 to about 193,380 or 96% of the nation's population. The island is divided into six districts. It is located 2 km (1¼ miles) north of the equator.
HMS Magnanime (1748)
Magnanime was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy launched in 1744 at Rochefort. Captured on 12 January 1748, she was taken into the Royal Navy as the third-rate HMS Magnanime. She played a major part in the 1757 raid on Rochefort, helping to silence the batteries on the Île-d'Aix, and served at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in 1759 under Lord Howe, where she forced the surrender of the French 74-gun Héros. Following a survey in 1770, she was deemed unseaworthy and was broken up in 1775.

Raid on Rochefort
The Raid on Rochefort (or Descent on Rochefort) was a British amphibious attempt to capture the French Atlantic  port of Rochefort in September 1757 during the Seven Years' War. The raid pioneered a new tactic of "descents" on the French coast, championed by William Pitt who had taken office a few months earlier.

After a number of delays the expedition reached the French coast, capturing the offshore island of Île d'Aix. With the army commander Sir John Mordaunt refusing to attempt a landing, the force sailed for home. The raid ended in failure, but it was followed by several similar operations in the subsequent years.
Heath End, Buckinghamshire
51°40′34″N 0°43′44″W﻿ / ﻿51.676°N 0.729°W﻿ / 51.676; -0.729

Heath End is a hamlet in the parish of Great Missenden in Buckinghamshire, England. At the 2011 Census the population of the hamlet was included in the civil parish of Little Missenden.  During the 20th century, it became attached to Great Kingshill to the south west. The old centre of the hamlet is where Spurlands End Road meets Heath End Road. Although Heath End is now attached to Great Kingshill there are still road signs indicating to the hamlet.

The hamlet's name is derived from being historically located at the edge of a large area of heathland (now vanished) called Wycombe Heath or Holmer Heath which once covered several thousand acres to the south.

There is some evidence in the Cartulary of Missenden Abbey that the hamlet was once known as Birchmere.

Great Kingshill
Great Kingshill is a small village in the parish of Hughenden in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the Chiltern Hills, about five miles west of Amersham and two and a half miles south of Great Missenden.
Tan Hill, North Yorkshire
Tan Hill (NY896067) is a high point on the Pennine Way in North Yorkshire, England. It lies north of Keld in the civil parish of Muker, near the borders of County Durham and Westmorland, and close to the northern boundary of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. It fell within the historic boundaries of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It is in an isolated location, the nearest town of Kirkby Stephen is 11 miles (18 km) by road.

The Tan Hill Inn is the highest inn in the British Isles at 1,732 feet (528 m) above sea level.

Tan Hill Inn
54°27′20″N 2°9′37″W﻿ / ﻿54.45556°N 2.16028°W﻿ / 54.45556; -2.16028

The Tan Hill Inn is a public house at Tan Hill, North Yorkshire. It is the highest inn in the British Isles at 1,732 feet (528 m) above sea level. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, it is slightly higher than the Cat and Fiddle Inn in the Peak District, which is at 1,690 feet (520 m).
Chappaqua Mountain Institute
Chappaqua Mountain Institute was a private co-educational college preparatory school in Chappaqua, New York, founded by the Quakers in 1870. The school closed in 1908 and re-opened in Valhalla, New York, where it eventually became a girls-only boarding school. Highly regarded in its day, it was described in a contemporary travel guide as "a seat of Quaker learning". The Institute's alumni included Mario García Menocal, who became the third president of Cuba; copper magnate William Cornell Greene; and songwriter Irving Caesar.

Chappaqua, New York
Chappaqua (/ˈtʃæpəkwɑː/ CHAP-ə-kwah) is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of New Castle, in northern Westchester County, New York, United States. It is approximately 30 miles (50 km) north of New York City. The hamlet is served by the Chappaqua station of the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line.

Chappaqua was founded by a group of Quakers in the 1730s and was the home of Horace Greeley, New-York Tribune editor and U.S. congressman. Chappaqua's high school is named after him.

Since the late 1990s, the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton, and the 67th secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, have lived there.
USC Marshall School of Business
The USC Marshall School of Business is the business school of the University of Southern California. It is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.

In 1997 the school was renamed following a $35 million donation from alumnus Gordon S. Marshall.

Gordon S. Marshall
Gordon S. Marshall (1919 – June 2, 2015) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder of Marshall Industries (NYSE: MI), a publicly traded company from 1984 to 1999. Gordon S. Marshall died on June 2, 2015, at the age of 95.
1986–87 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1986 season began on December 28, 1986. The postseason tournament concluded with the New York Giants defeating the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXI, 39–20, on January 25, 1987, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California.

Brian Brennan
Brian Michael Brennan (born February 15, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round of the 1984 NFL draft.
In Your Room (Depeche Mode song)
"In Your Room" is a song by the English electronic music band Depeche Mode, released on 10 January 1994 by Mute Records as the fourth and final single from their eighth studio album, Songs of Faith and Devotion (1993). The song was written by Martin Gore and produced by Depeche Mode and Flood, reaching number eight on the UK Singles Chart as well as number two in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.

The music video, directed by the Dutch director Anton Corbijn, was filmed as a sort of retrospective of the band's earlier videos, as Corbijn didn't think the band was going to survive, due to their internal fractures and lead singer Dave Gahan's heroin addiction. It is the last single to feature Alan Wilder as a member of the band before his departure in 1995.

Alan Wilder
Alan Charles Wilder (born 1 June 1959) is an English musician, composer, arranger, and record producer. A classically trained musician, Wilder was a member of the English electronic band Depeche Mode from 1982 to 1995. After his departure from Depeche Mode, the musical project Recoil--which began as a side project in 1986--became Wilder's primary musical enterprise. Wilder has also provided production and remixing services to the bands Nitzer Ebb and Curve. In 2020, Wilder was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Depeche Mode.
Efrenk River
The Efrenk River  (also called Suntras or Arslanlöy River in the upper reaches and Müftü River in the lower reaches) is a short river in Mersin Province, Turkey. It was originally called the Efrenk River. After a mosque named Müftü Mosque was built by the river in Mersin, it was popularly renamed the Müftü River.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Ensenada, Rincón, Puerto Rico
Ensenada is a barrio in the municipality of Rincón, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,328. Ensenada is on the western coast and is made up of about two dozen sectors. Steps Beach, popular with surfers, is located in The Tres Palmas Reserve, which is an area between Ensenada and Puntas in Rincón.

Rincón, Puerto Rico
Rincón (Spanish pronunciation: [riŋˈkon]; Spanish for 'Corner') is a popular beach town and municipality of Puerto Rico founded in 1771 by Don Luis de Añasco, who previously founded Añasco in 1733. It is located in the Western Coastal Valley, west of Añasco and Aguada. Rincón is spread over 9 barrios and Rincón Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The municipality is home to many of the surfing beaches in Puerto Rico, including Domes, Marias, Tres Palmas, Sandy Beach, Pools Beach, Córcega Beach and Rincón Town Beach. The word "Rincón" means "nook" in Castilian Spanish. Rincón is in the north, on the westernmost tip of Puerto Rico proper.
Language, Proof and Logic
Language, Proof and Logic is an educational software package, devised and written by Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy, geared to teaching formal logic through the use of a tight integration between a textbook (same name as the package) and four software programs, where three of them are logic related (Boole, Fitch and Tarski's World) and the other (Submit) is an internet-based grading service. The name is a pun derived from Language, Truth, and Logic, the philosophy book by A. J. Ayer.

On September 2, 2014, there was launched a massive open online course (MOOC) with the same name, which utilizes this educational software package.

John Etchemendy
John William Etchemendy (born 1952) is an American logician and philosopher who served as Stanford University's twelfth  Provost. He succeeded John L. Hennessy to the post on September 1, 2000 and stepped down on January 31, 2017.
Red Hill, North Carolina
Red Hill is an unincorporated community in Mitchell County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located where North Carolina Highway 197 (NC 197) and North Carolina Highway 226 (NC 226) merge for .2 miles (0.32 km); geographically it is north of the North Toe River, along the southeastern slope of Pumpkin Patch Mountain.

Mitchell County, North Carolina
Mitchell County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,903. Its county seat is Bakersville.

The county is home to Spruce Pine, nicknamed the "Mineral City of the World", and Bakersville, "Gateway to Roan Mountain", which includes the world's largest natural rhododendron garden and the longest stretch of grassy bald in the Appalachian range. Throughout the year such festivals as North Carolina Mineral and Gem Festival and North Carolina Rhododendron Festival bring visitors to the area.
Treaty of Buchach
The Treaty of Buchach was signed on 18 October 1672 in Buczacz (Buchach) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, who had been unable to raise a suitable army, on the one side  and the Ottoman Empire on the other side, ending the first phase of the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676).

Under the treaty Poland:

ceded territory of Podolian Voivodeship to the Ottomans

agreed to pay a yearly tribute of 22,000 thaler

ceded territory of Bratslav Voivodeship and southern Kiev Voivodeship to the Cossack Hetmanate (Ottoman Ukraine), which fought alongside the Ottomans under Petro Doroshenko.

The hostilities would resume already in the spring of 1673 as the Sejm never ratified the treaty. In 1676, it was revised with the Treaty of Żurawno (today in Zhuravne, Stryi Raion).

Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
Michał Tomasz Wiśniowiecki (31 May 1640 – 10 November 1673), also known as Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (Lithuanian: Mykolas Kaributas Višnioveckis), and under a regal name Michael I (Polish: Michał I; Lithuanian: Mykolas I), was the ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 29 September 1669 until his death in 1673.

Michael was chosen partly because of the merit of his father, prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, a powerful border magnate who had helped suppress the rebellious Cossacks during the Khmelnytsky Uprising. After Michael's early death, these setbacks were reversed at the Battle of Khotyn in 1673 by his successor, John III Sobieski, who defeated an Austrian candidate in the election.

In 1670, Michael I was married to Eleonora Maria of Austria (1653–1697), daughter of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, and his third wife Eleonora Gonzaga. They had one son, who died at birth.
Daiō, Mie
Daiō (大王町, Daiō-chō) was a town located in the former Shima District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,154 and a density of 632.09 persons per km2. The total area was 12.90 km2.

On October 1, 2004, Daiō, along with the towns of Shima (former), Ago, Hamajima and Isobe (all from Shima District), was merged to create the city of Shima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Shima, Mie
Shima (Japanese: 志摩市, Hepburn: Shima-shi) is a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 45,073 in 22,511 households and a population density of 251 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 179.67 square kilometres (69.37 sq mi). Shima hosted the 2016 G7 Summit.
Percy Stow
Percy Stow (1876 – 10 July 1919) was a British director of short films. He was also the co-founder of Clarendon Film Company. He was born in Islington, London, England.
He was previously associated with Cecil Hepworth from 1901 to 1903, where he specialized in trick films.

Percy Stow was an early partner of Cecil Hepworth, regarded as one of the founders of the British film industry. The Clarendon Film Company was founded in 1904 by H.V. Lawley and Percy. The company was formed at Limes Road and its distinctive logo carried the abbreviation CFC.

Clarendon Film Company
The Clarendon Film Company was a British film studio founded by Percy Stow and Henry Vassal Lawley.

The studio was founded in 1904 in Croydon, primarily as a movie camera equipment company, and began to make short films as a side-line. It was named after its original location off Clarendon Road, and later moved to Limes Road. Among the films made by the company was The Tempest (1908), adapted for the screen by Langford Reed

In 1909 it took part in the Paris Film Congress, a failed attempt by leading European producers to form a cartel similar to that of the MPPC in the United States.