hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morris F. Collen
Morris Frank Collen (November 12, 1913 – September 27, 2014) was founder of the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research and an original member of the Permanente Medical Group, pioneering developer of Automated Multiphasic Health Testing (AMHT) systems, and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for Public Health and Clinical Screening, serving as a model for pre-paid healthcare at the national level. Collen was a Founder of the American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI) in 1984, and the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) in 1989. The Morris F. Collen Award of Excellence was established in his honor by ACMI in 1993. In 1971 Collen was elected a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (now the National Academy of Medicine).

Morris F. Collen Award of Excellence
Morris F. Collen Award of Excellence is the highest honor presented by the American College of Medical Informatics. It is awarded annually to "an individual whose personal commitment and dedication to biomedical informatics has made a lasting impression on healthcare and biomedicine". The award was established in 1993 to honor Morris F. Collen, the founder of biomedical informatics, and was also the recipient of the first year's award. Recipients of this award have made significant contributions to medical informatics research, education, or leadership, advancing healthcare through innovative uses of information technology.
Basal body temperature
Basal body temperature (BBT or BTP) is the lowest body temperature attained during rest (usually during sleep). It is usually estimated by a temperature measurement immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken. This will lead to a somewhat higher value than the true BBT.

In women, ovulation causes a sustained increase of at least 0.2 °C (0.4 °F) in BBT.  Monitoring BBTs is one way of estimating the day of ovulation.  The tendency of a woman to have lower temperatures before ovulation, and higher temperatures afterwards, is known as a biphasic temperature pattern.  Charting this pattern may be used as a component of fertility awareness. The BBT of men is comparable to the BBT of women in their follicular phase.

Follicular phase
The follicular phase, also known as the preovulatory phase or proliferative phase, is the phase of the estrous cycle (or, in primates for example, the menstrual cycle) during which follicles in the ovary mature from primary follicle to a fully mature Graafian follicle. It ends with ovulation. The main hormones controlling this stage are secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, which are follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinising hormones. They are released by pulsatile secretion. The duration of the follicular phase can differ depending on the length of the menstrual cycle, while the luteal phase is usually stable, does not really change and lasts 14 days.
Savielly Tartakower
Savielly Tartakower (also known as Xavier or Ksawery Tartakower, less often Tartacover or Tartakover; 21 February 1887 – 4 February 1956) was a Austro-Hungarian by birth, then Polish, later naturalised French chess player. He was awarded the title of International Grandmaster in its inaugural year, 1950. Tartakower was also a leading chess journalist and author of the 1920s and 1930s and is noted for his many witticisms.

During World War II, he joined the French Resistance under the name "Lieutenant Cartier".

Hypermodernism (chess)
Hypermodernism is a school of chess that emerged after World War I. It featured challenges to the chess ideas of central European masters, including Wilhelm Steinitz's approach to the centre and the rules established by Siegbert Tarrasch.
Calumet (train)
The Calumet, also commonly called the Valpo Local, was a 43.6-mile (70.2 km) passenger train route operated by Amtrak between Chicago and Valparaiso, Indiana. Despite Amtrak's mandate to provide only intercity service, the Calumet was a commuter train. Transferred from Conrail in 1979, the full route was shared with Amtrak's Broadway Limited until 1990; the Calumet was discontinued the next year.

Valparaiso, Indiana
Valparaiso (/ˌvælpəˈreɪzoʊ/ VAL-pə-RAY-zoh), colloquially Valpo, is a city in and the county seat of Porter County, Indiana, United States. The population was 34,151 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.
Schinopsis balansae
Schinopsis balansae is a hardwood tree known as willow-leaf red quebracho which forms forests in the subtropical Humid Chaco ecoregion of north-eastern Argentina, and Paraguay. It is also found in the wild Pantanal vegetation in Brazil. Some of its vernacular names are quebracho colorado chaqueño and quebracho santafesino. Other species, like Schinopsis lorentzii, bear the general name quebracho and have similar properties and uses. S. balansae shares its habitat with a species of the same genus, S. heterophylla, and the two are often confused.

This tree can reach 24 metres in height and more than one metre in diameter. Its trunk is straight, with a brownish-gray bark. Its wood is extremely heavy (relative density = 1.2). Its main use is the extraction of quebracho extract, which is 63% pure tannin.

The tree was declared Argentina's "National Forest Tree" in  1956.

Humid Chaco
The Humid Chaco (Spanish: Chaco Húmedo or Chaco Oriental) is a tropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in South America. It lies in the basin of the Paraná River, covering portions of central Paraguay and northern Argentina, and with a small portion of southwestern Brazil and northwestern Uruguay. The natural vegetation is a mosaic of grasslands, palm savanna, and forest.
J. D. Williams (Wyoming politician)
J. D. Williams is an American politician and rancher who has served as a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives from the 2nd district since January 2025. He previously served in the position from October 22, 2021 to January 10, 2023.

Wyoming's 2nd House of Representatives district
Wyoming's 2nd House of Representatives district is one of 62 districts in the Wyoming House of Representatives. The district encompasses Niobrara County as well as parts of Goshen and Weston counties. It is represented by Republican Representative J. D. Williams of Lusk.

In 1992, the state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.
Ireland at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Ireland competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. 47 competitors, 44 men and 3 women, took part in 38 events in 11 sports. In partial support of the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics, Ireland competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag.

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Trelawney Stud
Trelawney Stud is New Zealand’s oldest commercial Thoroughbred horse stud farm. It was established in 1930 by Seton Otway near Cambridge, New Zealand.

It has stood a number of top quality stallions including Foxbridge, Kingdom Bay and Carnegie (IRE) and produced many fine race horses including seven Melbourne Cup winners.

Galilee (horse)
Galilee (1963−1990) was a New Zealand bred Thoroughbred racehorse who became one of the most successful racehorses in Australia. Galilee was the first and is still the only horse to win the Caulfield, Melbourne and Sydney Cups in one season.
Guinevere Turner
Guinevere Jane Turner (born May 23, 1968) is an American actress, screenwriter, and film director. She wrote the films American Psycho and The Notorious Bettie Page and played the lead role of the dominatrix Tanya Cheex in Preaching to the Perverted. She was a story editor and played recurring character Gabby Deveaux on Showtime's The L Word.

Charlie Says (2018 film)
Charlie Says is a 2018 American biographical drama film directed by Mary Harron and starring Hannah Murray as Leslie Van Houten and Matt Smith as infamous cult leader Charles Manson.

It had its world premiere at the 75th Venice International Film Festival on September 2, 2018, and was released on May 10, 2019, by IFC Films.
The Ultimate Kansas
The Ultimate Kansas is the fourth compilation from the band Kansas. It was originally released in 2002, and focuses solely on their Kirshner period from their debut album Kansas in 1974, up to and including Drastic Measures in 1983. The collection was rereleased in 2008 under the title Essential Kansas 3.0 as part of the Sony/BMG Legacy series of that name, with an additional "bonus disc" with seven additional songs, and featuring "eco-friendly" packaging.

Steve Walsh (musician)
Steve Walsh (born June 15, 1951) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter, best known for his work as a longtime member of the progressive rock band Kansas. He retired from the band in 2014. He sings lead on four of Kansas' best-known hits: "Carry On Wayward Son", "Dust in the Wind", "Point of Know Return", and "All I Wanted", the last two of which he  co-wrote.
Liudolf of Vermandois
Liudolf of Vermandois (died before 9 November 986), son of Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois, and Gerberge of Lorraine.

Luidolf was appointed Bishop of Noyon in 979 after the death of his predecessor Hadulphe, as reported by Flodoard. Lothair, King of West Francia, dedicated the monastery of Saint-Eloy de Noyon in Liudolf's memory.

Ancient Diocese of Noyon
The former French Catholic Diocese of Noyon lay in the north-east of France, around Noyon. It was formed when Saint Medardus moved the seat of the bishopric at Vermandois to Noyon, in the sixth century. From 545 to 1146, it was united with the bishopric of Tournai as the Diocese of Noyon–Tournai. Then in the twelfth century it was again independent, and the bishop of Noyon became a pairie-comté of France.

The diocese of Noyon was brought to an end by the French Revolution. Its territory passed to the diocese of Beauvais.
Fire Fighter II
Fire Fighter II is a Robert Allan Ltd. Ranger 4200 class fireboat put in service with Marine Company 9 of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) on December 7, 2010.   The boat replaces the original Fire Fighter, and is sister to the fireboat Three Forty Three which serves with Marine Company 1.

In  2012, FDNY opened new quarters for Marine 9 at the Staten Island Homeport, a 1,410-foot-long pier in Stapleton that was built in 1980s to berth the Battleship Iowa as part of the former Naval Station New York.

Robert Allan Ltd.
Robert Allan Ltd. is Canada's oldest privately owned consulting Naval Architectural firm, established in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1930. Their experience includes designs for vessels of almost all types, from small fishing boats to ocean-going ferries.  The firm is best known for its work in the fields of tug and barge transportation, ship-assist and escort tugs, fast patrol craft, fireboats and shallow-draft vessels. They provide professional marine consulting and design services to a worldwide client base.
Pippa (film)
Pippa is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language biographical war film based on the life of Captain Balram Singh Mehta of India's 45 Cavalry regiment who, along with his siblings, fought on the eastern front during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Named after the Soviet amphibious war tank PT-76, which floats on water like an empty tin, the film traces Mehta's coming-of-age as he steps up to prove himself in Bangladesh Liberation War. It is an adaptation of real life events during the Battle of Garibpur in 1971, and is written and directed by Raja Krishna Menon.

The film was produced by RSVP Movies and Roy Kapur Films, with Ronnie Screwvala and Siddharth Roy Kapur as producers. It stars Ishaan Khatter, Mrunal Thakur and Priyanshu Painyuli in lead roles. The film is an adaptation of Brigadier Balram Singh Mehta's war memoir, 'The Burning Chaffees'.

The film premiered on 10 November 2023 on Amazon Prime Video.

Mrunal Thakur
Mrunal Thakur (born 1 August 1992) is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Hindi and Telugu films. Thakur is a recipient of several accolades including a Filmfare Award South, a Filmfare OTT Award, three SIIMA Awards and an ITA Award.

Thakur began her acting career in television, starring in the soap operas Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan (2012) and Kumkum Bhagya (2014–2016), which earned her the ITA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Thakur made her Hindi film debut with Love Sonia (2018) and subsequently played the female lead in Super 30 (2019) and Batla House (2019), both of which were box-office successes. After a series of commercial failures, Thakur gained popularity with the successful Telugu romantic dramas Sita Ramam (2022) and Hi Nanna (2023).
Forest Hills Eastern High School
Forest Hills Eastern High School, commonly referred to as Forest Hills Eastern (FHE), is a Public Day School attended by students between the grades of 9 and 12 (ages approximately 12 to 18). The school is located in Ada, Michigan which is considered to be a high-income area. Forest Hills Eastern is districted to Forest Hills Public Schools and falls under the jurisdiction of the Kent Intermediate School District. It follows a traditional curriculum teacher on student lecture complemented by technology usage. The school is managed by a principal and overseen by The Forest Hills School Board. It shares a building with Forest Hills Eastern Middle School which services grades 6th through 8th. Forest Hills Eastern High School was founded in 2004 and is the newest (and smallest) of three high schools in the school district. The district also encompasses Forest Hills Northern High School (FHN) and Forest Hills Central High School (FHC).

Ada Township, Michigan
Ada Township (/ˈeɪdə/ AY-də) is a civil township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  Its population was 14,388 at the 2020 census.

The majority of the township is included in the Forest Hills census-designated place, which is used only for statistical purposes.  Ada Township is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is about 3.0 miles (4.8 km) east of the city of Grand Rapids.  The township is the corporate home of Alticor and its subsidiary companies Amway North America and Amway.
Central Okanagan School District No 23 v Renaud
Central Okanagan School District No 23 v Renaud, [1992] 2 SCR 970 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision where the Court found that an employer was under a duty to accommodate the religious beliefs of employees to the point of undue hardship.

Undue hardship
An undue hardship is an American and Canadian legal term referring to special or specified circumstances that partially or fully exempt a person or organization from performance of a legal obligation so as to avoid an unreasonable or disproportionate burden or obstacle.

For example, employers are required to provide a reasonable accommodation to qualified individuals with disabilities, but when an accommodation becomes too taxing on the organization it is classified as an undue hardship and is no longer required.  
These hardships include the nature and cost of the accommodation in relation to the size, resources, nature, and structure of the employer's operation. In the religious exemption context, undue burden is separately defined as anything "more than de minimus", as opposed to onerous or costly burdens.
Lifeline (FCC program)
Lifeline  is the Federal Communications Commission's program, established in 1985, intended to make communications services more affordable for low-income consumers. Lifeline provides subscribers a discount on monthly telephone service purchased from participating providers in the marketplace. Subscribers can also purchase discounted broadband internet from participating providers. The Lifeline program is funded by telephone fees as part of the Universal Service Fund.

Affordable Connectivity Program
The Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) was a United States government-sponsored program that  provided internet access to low-income households. Several companies signed on to participate in the program, including Verizon Communications, Frontier Communications, T-Mobile, Spectrum, Cox, AT&T, Xfinity, Optimum and Comcast. The program was administered by the Federal Communications Commission. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act provided $14.2 billion in funding for $30 subsidies for those with low incomes, and $75 subsidies on tribal lands. As of June 2024, the  program has ended.
Eizō & Tōichi Katō Memorial Art Museum
The Eizō & Tōichi Katō Memorial Art Museum (加藤栄三・東一記念美術館, Katō Eizō, Tōichi Kinen Bijutsukan) is a museum located in Gifu Park in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is dedicated to the works of the brothers Eizō and Tōichi Katō, who were born in the city. It is part of the Gifu City Museum of History.

Eizō Katō
Eizō Katō (加藤 栄三, Katō Eizō; August 20, 1906 – May 24, 1972) was a Japanese painter in the nihonga style. He and his younger brother, Tōichi Katō, have a museum dedicated to their works in Gifu, Gifu Prefecture.
Blissfield Township, Michigan
Blissfield Township is a civil township of Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 3,924. The township was organized in 1827.

The village of Blissfield is located within the township.

Lenawee County, Michigan
Lenawee County (/ˈlɛnəweɪ/ LEN-ə-way) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 99,423. The county seat is Adrian. The county was created in 1822, from territory partitioned from Monroe County. Its governing structure was organized in 1826.

Lenawee County comprises the Adrian, Michigan, micropolitan statistical area. It is served by the Toledo Media market. Lenawee County is home to the Potawatomi, Ottawa, Chippewa, Iroquois, Miami, Sauk, Fox, Mascoutens, and Huron tribes.
Charlotte Sports Park
Charlotte Sports Park (formerly known as Charlotte County Stadium and Ranger Stadium) is a baseball stadium in Port Charlotte, Florida. The stadium is the home field for Tampa Bay Rays spring training operations, as well as its Rookie-class Florida Complex League Rays teams. From 2009 to 2020, it also hosted the Charlotte Stone Crabs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League.

Originally built in 1987, the main stadium underwent a renovation that was completed in January 2009 at a cost of $27 million.

Prior to the Rays, the stadium was home to Texas Rangers spring training exhibition games and the team's minor league affiliate Charlotte Rangers. The ballpark has also hosted college baseball tournaments and the South Coast League Charlotte County Redfish.

Port Charlotte, Florida
Port Charlotte is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 60,625 at the 2020 census, up from 54,392 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Port Charlotte was named to the "10 Best Places to Retire", in the United States for the year 2012 by U.S. News & World Report.
Gonggar County
Gonggar County, also Gongkar (Tibetan: གོང་དཀར་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 贡嘎县), is a county of Shannan in the southeastern part of Tibet Autonomous Region, China, it's one of the 12 counties of the prefecture. It has under its jurisdiction five towns, four townships, and contains notable landmarks such as the Gonggar Choide Monastery, the Zhug Dêqên Qoikor Monastery, Gangdoi Town, the Gonggar Dzong at Xoi, the Lhasa Gonggar Airport at Gyazhugling, the Tubdain Ramai Monastery and the county seat of Gyixung.

Xoi
Gonggar Xoi, locally just Xoi, is a village in Gangdoi, Gangdoi Town, Gonggar County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It was the capital of Gonggar County and the seat of Gonggar Dzong from 17th century to 1960. Gonggar Xoi means below the Gonggar (dzong).
SS Furnifold M. Simmons
SS Furnifold M. Simmons (MC contract 888) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Furnifold McLendel Simmons, a politician from North Carolina responsible for the disenfranchisement of African-American voters in that state, as well as head of a Democratic Party political machine until his death in 1940.

The ship was laid down by North Carolina Shipbuilding Company in their Cape Fear River yard on January 13, 1943, and launched on February 10, 1943. Simmons was chartered to R. A. Nicol & Company by the War Shipping Administration until her sale to Maersk in 1947.

R. A. Nicol & Company
R. A. Nicol & Company was a shipping and ship broker company founded in New York City by Robert Alexander Nicol in 1923. Robert Alexander Nicol was born in England in 1880. Robert Alexander Nicol came to the United States in 1906 at the age of 26, from Liverpool, England. In 1290 Robert Alexander Nicol became a naturalized United States citizen. He started in the shipping business by working for the Oriental Navigation Company in New York City in 1916. R. A. Nicol & Company's office was at 17 Battery Place, New York City. R. A. Nicol & Company supported the World War II effort by operating United States owned ships.
Jiuying Bai, Yi and Miao Ethnic Township
25°50′12″N 104°45′43″E﻿ / ﻿25.83679°N 104.76194°E﻿ / 25.83679; 104.76194Jiuying Bai, Yi and Miao Ethnic Township is an ethnic township in Panzhou, Liupanshui, Guizhou, China. It has an area of 101 sq km and a total population of 26000, 27% of which were Bai, Yi, or Miao. Jiuying is divided into Shangfang Village, Chating Village, Yangsong Village, Haimazhu Village, Jiuying Village, Honghua Village, Pingtian Village, Luojiatian Village, Badaohe Village, Xinzhai Village and Shuikou Village.

Panzhou
Panzhou (simplified Chinese: 盘州市; traditional Chinese: 盤州市; pinyin: Pánzhōu Shì) is a county-level city in southwestern Guizhou province, China, on the border with Yunnan province to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Liupanshui.
2013 Tour of Turkey
The 2013 Tour of Turkey was the 49th edition of the Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey cycling stage race. It was held from 21 April to 28 April 2013, and was rated as a 2.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour. In early 2014 Turkish Cycling Federation disqualified the original winner Mustafa Sayar and announced Natnael Berhane's victory.

Natnael Berhane
Natnael Teweldemedhin Berhane (Tigrinya: ናትናኤል ተወልደመድህን ብርሃነ; born 5 January 1991) is an Eritrean professional road bicycle racer, who rides for UCI Continental team Istanbul Büyükșehir Belediye Spor Türkiye. He is a two-time winner of the road race at the African Road Championships, in 2011 and 2012.