hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Kaidanowo
The Battle of Kaidanowo was fought on Sunday, 15 November 1812, near the village of Kaidanowo, part of the Russian Empire at the time. A Polish-Lithuanian, Württembergian, and French force under Polish General Franciszek Ksawery Kossecki of 1,300-2,000 was defeated by seasoned Russian forces led by General Charles de Lambert of about 3,800-4,000.

Stanisław Hutten-Czapski
Stanisław hrabia Hutten-Czapski, of Leliwa (b. 1779 in Nyasvizh, d. 1844 in Kėdainiai) was a Polish Count, who later became a decorated Colonel during the Napoleonic wars. He was the son of Franciszek Stanisław Hutten-Czapski, the governor of Chełmno and Veronica Radziwill (1754-Unknown), sister of Prince Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł.
Kairasi Kudumbam
Kairasi Kudumbam (Tamil: கைராசிக்குடும்பம் transl.  'Lucky Family') is a 2015 IndianTamil-language soap opera that aired on Jaya TV. It was broadcast from 22 April 2015 to 24 November 2017 at 8:30 PM (IST) and ended with 686 Episodes. The show stars Shiva, Subathira, and Vithiya. The show is directed by V. Thiruselvam.

V. Thiruselvam
Thiruselvam Velusamy known professionally as V. Thiruselvam is an Indian television director and actor. Thiruselvam is best known for director and playing the role of 'Tholkapian' in the Tamil-language Family television series Kolangal.
Denis Ivanov (filmmaker)
Denis Ivanov (Ukrainian: Іванов Денис Віталійович; born July 22, 1978, Kramatorsk, Donetsk region, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian producer, film distributor, cultural manager, TV presenter, head of the Arthouse Traffic  film company, member of the European Film Academy and National Union of Cinematographers of Ukraine, founder of the Odesa International Film Festival and «Children Kinofest» – International Film Festival for children and teenagers (Ukraine).

European Film Academy
The European Film Academy is a non-profit association promoting the interests of the European film industry.

The European Film Academy honors films and filmmakers annually with the European Film Awards. The ceremony takes place in various European cities every even year and in Berlin every odd year.
Gary Bloom
Gary Bloom is a Welsh clinical sports psychotherapist and a sports broadcaster. As a commentator, Bloom has provided his commentary mainly in the World Cup and the Olympics. For many seasons, Bloom was a commentator on the Football Italia programme on Channel 4. Bloom hosts the award-winning show "On the Sporting Couch" on Talksport radio, and is the main commentator of the DLS game series. As a psychotherapist, Bloom works for Oxford United and is the only psychotherapist working in first team professional football.

Bloom was the commentator during the Portugal vs Netherlands match in the 2006 World Cup, also known as the "Battle of Nuremberg", in which he referred to the scene of Khalid Boulahrouz, Deco and Giovanni van Bronckhorst sitting together on the sidelines after being sent off as the "Bad boys' corner". He also commentated the matches between Germany and Argentina (Quarterfinals) and Germany vs Italy (semifinals) alongside Rodney Marsh.

Battle of Nuremberg (2006 FIFA World Cup)
The Battle of Nuremberg (German: Schlacht von Nürnberg, Portuguese: Batalha de Nuremberga, Dutch: Slag bij Neurenberg; also known as the Massacre of Nuremberg) is the nickname of a football match played in the round of 16 of the 2006 FIFA World Cup between Portugal and the Netherlands at the Frankenstadion in Nuremberg on 25 June 2006. Russian referee Valentin Ivanov issued a FIFA World Cup record four red cards and 16 yellow cards, setting a new record for cards shown at any FIFA-administered international tournament.
Șumuleu Ciuc
Șumuleu Ciuc (Hungarian: Csíksomlyó, pronounced [ˈt͡ʃiːkʃomjoː]) is a neighbourhood in the city of Miercurea Ciuc, Harghita County, Romania. Until 1959, it was a separate commune. It is the site of an annual Roman Catholic pilgrimage, when Catholics from all over Hungary, Slovakia and Romania gather there.

Johannes Caioni
Johannes Caioni (Ion Căian or Căianu in Romanian or Kájoni János in Hungarian; 8 March 1629 – 25 April 1687) was a Transylvanian Franciscan friar and Roman Catholic priest, musician, folklorist, humanist, constructor and repairer of organs of Romanian origin (according to his own testimony, "Natus valachus sum" - "I was born a Vlach").
Apusomonad
The apusomonads (family Apusomonadidae) are a group of protozoan zooflagellates that glide on surfaces, and mostly consume prokaryotes.  They are of particular evolutionary interest because they appear to be the sister group to the opisthokonts, the clade that includes both animals and fungi. Together with the Breviatea, these form the Obazoa clade.

Obazoa
Obazoa is a sister clade of Amoebozoa (which together form Amorphea). The term Obazoa is based on the OBA acronym for Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadidae, the group's three constituent clades.

Determining the placement of Breviatea and Apusomonadida and their properties is of interest for the development of the opisthokonts in which the main lineages of animals and fungi emerged. The relationships among opisthokonts, breviates and apusomonads are not conclusively resolved (as of 2018), though Breviatea is usually inferred to be the most basal of the three lineages.

The phylogeny of the Obazoa is shown in the cladogram.
Ōkuma, Fukushima
Ōkuma (大熊町, Ōkuma-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. In 2010, the town had a population of 11,515. However, the town was totally evacuated in the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and residents were permitted return during daylight hours from May 2013. In April 2019, parts of the town were deemed to have been successfully decontaminated, with residents allowed to return to these areas.

As of 1 May 2023, the town had an official registered population of 10,004 in 4,852 households; however, this number is substantially higher than the actual number of residents in the town due to the municipality continuing to keep track of its residents despite them having evacuated to settlements elsewhere throughout the country. The actual resident population in the town was 545 people in May 2023.

Kawauchi, Fukushima
Kawauchi (川内村, Kawauchi-mura) is a village located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2020, the village had an official registered population of 1,861, and a population density of 9.5 persons per km². The total area of Kawauchi is 197.35 square kilometres (76.20 sq mi). The village was evacuated as a result of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, but in 2014, all restrictions were lifted. It is located in  Futaba district
The Land (study)
The Land was the report of the Land Enquiry Committee set up by David Lloyd George. It argued that poverty would be reduced by increasing the number of small landownings which farmers had.

The report investigated land ownership and use, and the condition of workers' housing in Great Britain and made recommendations for its improvement. The committee was chaired by A. H. D. Acland, and included sitting Liberal MPs and the poverty campaigner B. Seebohm Rowntree.

The first volume, on the rural situation, was published in 1913; followed by the urban volume in 1914. The publications were made while the Land Valuation Survey that was incorporated in the "People's Budget" (Finance (1909-1910) Act was taking place.

Seebohm Rowntree
Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, CH (7 July 1871 – 7 October 1954) was an English sociological researcher, social reformer and industrialist. He is known in particular for his three studies of poverty in York, conducted in 1899, 1935, and 1951.

The first York study involved a comprehensive survey of the living conditions of the poor in York during which investigators visited every working class household, and his methodology inspired many subsequent researches in British empirical sociology.

By strictly defining the concept of poverty in his studies, he was able to reveal that the causes of poverty in York were more structural than moral, such as low wages, which went against the traditionally held view that the poor were responsible for their own plight.
The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised
The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R), developed by Christopher Kearney and Wendy Silverman, is a psychological assessment tool designed to evaluate school refusal disorder symptoms in children and identify their reasons for avoiding school. This self-report inventory, which is also available in parent response form, consists of 24 questions that measure the frequency with which a child experiences emotions and behaviors related to school attendance. Respondents are asked to answer each of the 24 items on a scale of 0 ("never") to 6 ("always").

The questionnaire takes about 10 minutes to complete and it is designed for use with children ages 5 and up. Several research studies support the SRAS-R as a reliable and valid measure of children's school refusal symptoms.

School refusal
School refusal is a child-motivated refusal to attend school or difficulty remaining in class for the full day. Child-motivated absenteeism occurs autonomously, by the volition of the child. This behavior is differentiated from non-child-motivated absences in which parents withdraw children from school or are unable to bring their children to school for circumstances such as homelessness. School refusal is characterized by avoidance and/or emotional distress at the time of attending school.

Rates of absenteeism due to school refusal behavior manifest in a variety of ways and are defined, tracked, and reported differently among schools and school districts. Academic literature estimates that school refusal occurs in 1–2% of the general population and in 5–15% of youth who are referred to clinics.
Imeall
Imeall (Irish Gaelic for "Edge", "Rim", "Threshold") is Irish musician Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh's debut (and to date only) solo album, self-produced on her own label "Moon" and released physically as a (numbered) limited edition in late 2008 / early 2009 and digitally available through her official website (after 20 years of recording with her band Altan).

Altan (band)
Altan are an Irish folk music band formed in County Donegal in 1987 by lead vocalist Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh and her husband Frankie Kennedy. The group were primarily influenced by traditional Irish-language songs from Donegal and have sold over a million records.

The group were among the first traditional Irish groups to be signed to a major label when they signed with Virgin Records in 1994. The group has collaborated with Dolly Parton, Enya, the Chieftains, Bonnie Raitt, Alison Krauss, and many others.
Dzembronia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Dzembronia (Ukrainian: Дземброня) is a village in the Verkhovyna Raion of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast of Ukraine. It is located in the southeast of the Chornohora. It forms part of Zelene rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

It is a famous Carpathian summer resort, visited by, among others, Lesya Ukrainka, Vasyl Stefanyk and Sergei Parajanov.

The famous Ukrainian film "Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors" ( Тіні забутих предків, 1964) was shot at the Dzembronia forest near the village .

Chornohora
Chornohora (Ukrainian: Чорногора, lit. 'black mountain') is the highest mountain range in Western Ukraine. It is within the Polonynian Beskids, a subgroup of the mountain group of Eastern Beskids, which in turn is part of the Outer Eastern Carpathians.
Mellemolen, Akkrum
Mellemolen, formerly known as the Polslootpoldermolen (English: Polsloot Polder Mill) or Spookmolen (English: Ghost Mill) is a hollow post mill in Akkrum, Friesland, Netherlands which has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 35937.

Rijksmonument
A rijksmonument (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛiksmoːnyˌmɛnt] ⓘ, lit. 'state monument') is a national heritage site of the Netherlands, listed by the agency Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE) acting for the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

At the end of February 2015, the Netherlands had 61,822 listed national heritage sites, of which approximately 1,500 are listed as archaeological sites.
Banca Romana scandal
The Banca Romana scandal surfaced in January 1893 in Italy over the bankruptcy of the Banca Romana, one of the six national banks authorised at the time to issue currency. The scandal was the first of many Italian corruption scandals, and discredited both ministers and parliamentarians, in particular those of the Historical Left and was comparable to the Panama Canal scandal that was shaking France at the time, threatening the constitutional order. The crisis prompted a new banking law, tarnished the prestige of the Prime Ministers Francesco Crispi and Giovanni Giolitti and prompted the collapse of the latter's government in November 1893. The scandal led also to the creation of one central bank, the Bank of Italy.

Luigi Luzzatti
Luigi Luzzatti (Italian: [luˈiːdʒi lutˈtsatti]; 11 March 1841 – 29 March 1927) was an Italian financier, political economist, social philosopher, and jurist. He served as the 20th prime minister of Italy between 1910 and 1911.

Luzzatti came from a wealthy and cultured Jewish family and built a reputation as a social reformer dedicated to raise the working classes from ignorance and poverty. He is remembered being the founder of the Italian credit union movement and for his book Dio nella libertà (God in Freedom), in which he advocates religious tolerance.  This provoked an exchange of correspondence between him and Benedetto Croce.
Schanzer Herz
"Schanzer Herz" is a single released by the German hard rock band Bonfire that had not appeared on a previously released album.  It was released in 2004 by LZ Records. The single was only available in Germany and was dedicated to the football team FC Ingolstadt 04, becoming the team's theme song. Two previously unreleased versions of "I Need You" and "Southern Winds" from the album Strike Ten are also featured. The female backing vocalist on "I Need You" is not credited.

Bonfire (band)
Bonfire (originally Cacumen) is a German hard rock/heavy metal band, founded by Hans Ziller in Ingolstadt, Upper Bavaria in 1972. In 1986, the band changed its name to Bonfire. Ziller remains a member and owns the rights of the name "Bonfire".
Should I? (song)
"Should I?" is a song with music by Nacio Herb Brown and lyrics by Arthur Freed, first published in 1929. It was originally written for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Lord Byron of Broadway (1930), where it was introduced by singer and actor Charles Kaley. The song became a major hit, charting at number 3 on Billboard for 11 weeks in 1930.

Lord Byron of Broadway
Lord Byron of Broadway (1930), also known as What Price Melody?, is an American Pre-Code musical drama film, directed by Harry Beaumont and William Nigh. It was based on a best selling book by Nell Martin, which "was widely praised by critics as an extremely true and amusing romance of stage life." It was filmed in black and white with two-color Technicolor sequences.
Kurobe Gorge
Kurobe Gorge (黒部峡谷, Kurobe-kyokoku) is a V-shaped canyon located at Kurobe, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

The Kurobe Dam in Kurobe Gorge is one of highlights of the Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route. The area was designated the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park on December 4, 1934.

Kurobe, Toyama
Kurobe (黒部市, Kurobe-shi) is a city in Toyama Prefecture, in the Chūbu region of Japan. As of 1 February 2018, the city had an estimated population of 41,564 in 15,387 households and a population density of 95.8 persons per km2. Its total area was 426.31 square kilometres (164.60 sq mi).
John McLoughlin
John McLoughlin, baptized Jean-Baptiste McLoughlin, (October 19, 1784 – September 3, 1857) was a French-Canadian, later American, Chief Factor and Superintendent of the Columbia District of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Vancouver from 1824 to 1845. He was later known as the "Father of Oregon" for his role in assisting the American cause in the Oregon Country. In the late 1840s, his general store in Oregon City was famous as the last stop on the Oregon Trail.

Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located in the states of Washington and Oregon.  The National Historic Site consists of two units, one located on the site of Fort Vancouver in modern-day Vancouver, Washington; the other being the former residence of John McLoughlin in Oregon City, Oregon.  The two sites were separately given national historic designation in the 1940s.  The Fort Vancouver unit was designated a National Historic Site in 1961, and was combined with the McLoughlin House into a unit in 2003.
SYNTAX
In computer science, SYNTAX is a system used to generate lexical and syntactic analyzers (parsers) (both deterministic and non-deterministic) for all kinds of context-free grammars (CFGs) as well as some classes of contextual grammars. It has been developed at INRIA in France for several decades, mostly by Pierre Boullier, but has become free software since 2007 only. SYNTAX is distributed under the CeCILL license.

CeCILL
CeCILL (from CEA CNRS INRIA Logiciel Libre) is a free software license adapted to both international and French legal matters, in the spirit of and retaining compatibility with the GNU General Public License (GPL).

It was jointly developed by a number of French agencies: the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (Atomic Energy Commission), the Centre National de la recherche scientifique (National Centre for Scientific Research) and the Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique (National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control). It was announced on 5 July 2004 in a joint press communication of the CEA, CNRS and INRIA.

It has gained support of the main French Linux User Group and the Minister for the Civil Service, and was considered for adoption at the European level before the European Union Public Licence was created.
Gate City High School
Gate City High School is a public high school in Gate City, Virginia. The school was built in 1956. The school employs about 41 teachers and the student-to-teacher ratio is 15.10. Gate City High School's mascot is the Blue devil, and the school colors are blue, black, and white.

Gate City, Virginia
Gate City is a town in Scott County, Virginia, United States. The population was 2,043 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Scott County.

Gate City is part of the Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol metropolitan area, which is a component of the "Tri-Cities" region.

Some scenes from The River were shot here.
Gråsten Palace
Gråsten Palace (Danish: Gråsten Slot) is located at Gråsten in the Jutland region of southern Denmark. It is best known for being the summer residence of the Danish royal family.  The main house has a modern, all-white facade, with Venetian doors opening onto sweeping, manicured lawns and gravel walkways. The grounds include a huge stables court.

Gråsten
Gråsten (Danish pronunciation: [kʁɔˈste̝ˀn]; German: Gravenstein) is a town with a population of 4,298 (1 January 2025) on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark by the Nybøl Nor at an inlet of the Flensburg Fjord. It belongs to the Sønderborg municipality in Region of Southern Denmark. The town is located almost exactly at the center of a triangle defined by the towns of Aabenraa, Flensburg and Sønderborg Castle (Sønderborg Slot).

The Egernsund Bridge, which crosses the Egern Strait, connects Gråsten with the town of Egernsund. Gråsten is served by Gråsten railway station, located on the Sønderborg railway line.

The Gravenstein apple originates from the town.
Seduced by Madness
Seduced by Madness: The Diane Borchardt Story is a 1996 American television miniseries directed by John Patterson and starring Ann-Margret, Peter Coyote, Leslie Hope, Christian Campbell, Hedy Burress, Tobey Maguire, and Freddy Rodríguez. Based roughly on real-life events, the film recounts the story of Wisconsin teacher Diane Borchardt, who hired teen students first to spy on her cheating husband and later to kill him. The film begins with the murder then traces in flashback the events leading up to it, followed by the subsequent police investigation leading to arrests and eventual murder convictions of both Borchardt and the teens.

John Patterson (director)
John Tiffin Patterson (April 4, 1940 – February 7, 2005) was a television director known for his work on drama series, who also made television films. He directed thirteen episodes of The Sopranos, including the first five season finales. Patterson was born in Buffalo, New York.
Fabian Hinrichs
Fabian Hinrichs (born 1974) is a German actor. He is probably best known for his performance as Hans Scholl in Sophie Scholl – The Final Days, which was nominated for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

Hinrichs has also been a member of the German Film Academy and the European Film Academy. From 2000 to 2006, he was a member of the Volksbühne Berlin ensemble.

Sophie Scholl – The Final Days
Sophie Scholl – The Final Days (German: Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage) is a 2005 German historical drama film directed by Marc Rothemund and written by Fred Breinersdorfer. It is about the last days in the life of Sophie Scholl, a 21-year-old member of the anti-Nazi non-violent student resistance group the White Rose, part of the German Resistance movement. She was found guilty of high treason by the People's Court and executed the same day, 22 February 1943.

The film was presented at the 55th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2005 and won Silver Bear awards for Best Director and Best Actress (Julia Jentsch). It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Cape Melville
Cape Melville is a headland on the eastern coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. To its west lies Princess Charlotte Bay. It is part of the Cape Melville National Park. Cape Melville was named Stoney Cape in 1815 by Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys on the HM Kangaroo but later renamed by him as Cape Melville

Pipon Island is about six km north of the cape and Hales Island about two km east, both part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. King Island lies several kilometres to the north west of the cape.  The highest peak on the cape is Abbey Peak, which named in 1901 by Commander Munro. R.N.,  while aboard HMS Dart.

The cape consists of granite outcrops which formed 250 million years ago.

Cape Melville National Park (Cape York Peninsula Aboriginal Land)
Cape Melville National Park (Cape York Peninsula Aboriginal Land) is a national park in the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia. The national park was previously named Cape Melville National Park until it was renamed on 28 November 2013.
Le Grand, Alabama
Le Grand, also spelled as Legrand, is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Alabama, United States. Le Grand is located on U.S. Route 331, 15.8 miles (25.4 km) south of Montgomery. A post office operated under the name Legrand from 1883 to 1916.

Providence Presbyterian Church, which is located in Le Grand, is listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage.

Montgomery County, Alabama
Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, its population was 228,954, making it the seventh-most populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Montgomery, the state capital. Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery metropolitan area.