hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Apple
Michael W. Apple (born August 20, 1942) is an educational theorist specialized on education and power, cultural politics, curriculum theory and research, critical teaching, and the development of democratic schools.

Apple is John Bascom Professor Emeritus of Curriculum and Instruction and Educational Policy Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Education, where he taught from 1970-2018. Prior to completing his Ed.D. at Teachers College, Columbia University in 1970, Apple taught in elementary and secondary schools in New Jersey, where he grew up, as well as served as the president of his teachers' union. For more than three decades Apple has worked with educators, unions, dissident groups, and governments throughout the world on changing educational policy and practice towards critical pedagogy.

Doctor of Education
The Doctor of Education (Ed.D. or DEd; Latin Educationis Doctor or Doctor Educationis) is a research doctorate or professional doctorate in the field of education. It prepares the holder for academic, research, administrative, clinical, or professional positions in educational, civil, private organizations, or public institutions. Considerable differences exist in structure, content and aims between regions.
Ninian MacWhannell
Ninian MacWhannell (15 October 1860 – 23 December 1939) was a Scottish architect, author, and footballer.

Born in Hutchesontown, MacWhannell attended Glasgow High School and Glasgow School of Art before becoming an architect.

He played football for Queen's Park, making five appearances for them, including appearing in the 1885 FA Cup Final.

He also wrote books about the Doric language and Robert Burns. He served as a councillor and magistrate.

MacWhannell was a prominent humanist and rationalist, serving as the President of the Glasgow branch of the Rationalist Press Association from its formation. On his death, he had a secular funeral, at the Western Crematorium, led by J. McCormick, Vice President of the Glasgow R.P.A.

Western Necropolis
Western Necropolis is a cemetery complex in Glasgow, Scotland located to the north of the city centre. As well as the actual Western Necropolis cemetery established in 1882, it is bordered by Lambhill Cemetery which opened in 1881, St Kentigern's Cemetery (Roman Catholic) that opened in 1882, and Glasgow (Garnethill) Hebrew Burial Ground founded in 1989.

Of four necropolises in Glasgow, the Western Necropolis is the only one with a crematorium on the grounds. Glasgow Crematorium, the first in Scotland, was designed by James Chalmers in 1893 and opened in 1895.

The cemetery contains 359 Commonwealth war graves from the First and 124 from Second World Wars, beside others from the Second Boer War, in addition to two German war graves. The First World War graves are mainly grouped in Section P, with a group of Australian graves in Section N.
Charles Brasch
Charles Orwell Brasch (27 July 1909 – 20 May 1973) was a New Zealand poet, literary editor and arts patron. He was the founding editor of the literary journal Landfall, and through his 20 years of editing the journal, had a significant impact on the development of a literary and artistic culture in New Zealand. His poetry continues to be published in anthologies today, and he provided substantial philanthropic support to the arts in New Zealand, including by establishing the Robert Burns Fellowship, the Frances Hodgkins Fellowship and the Mozart Fellowship at the University of Otago, by providing financial support to New Zealand writers and artists during his lifetime, and by bequeathing his extensive collection of books and artwork in his will to the Hocken Library and the University of Otago.

Robert Burns Fellowship
The Robert Burns Fellowship is a New Zealand literary residency. Established in 1958 to coincide with bicentennial celebrations of the birth of Robert Burns, it is often claimed to be New Zealand's premier literary residency. The list of past fellows includes many of New Zealand's most notable 20th and 21st century writers.
Northeastern League
The Northeastern League was a minor league baseball league that last played in the 1934 season as an eight–team Class B level league. The 1934 league franchises were based in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. An earlier Northeastern League played as an Independent league in 1887 and 1895 to 1896, with teams based in New York and Vermont.

Manchester Blue Sox
The Manchester Blue Sox were a minor league baseball team based in Manchester, New Hampshire. From 1926 to 1930, the Blue Sox played as members of the Class B level New England League, winning the 1926 and 1929 league championships.

The Manchester Blue Sox teams were preceded New England League play by several Manchester teams. The Manchester teams played under numerous nicknames in the seasons of play beginning in 1877 through the 1915 seasons, winning the 1902 league championship.

The Manchester teams hosted home minor league games a ballpark site that had four different names in the era. Manchester played at the Beech Street Grounds (1877, 1887–1888, 1891–1893, 1899), Varich Park (1901–1906), Textile Field (1914–1915) and Athletic Park, all different names of the same parcel.

The 1946 Manchester Giants resumed Manchester's tenure as a member of the New England League.
Jack Lee (politician)
Jackson "Jack" Lee (April 8, 1920 – June 10, 2014) was an American radio broadcaster and politician. In 1971, Lee became the first Republican Mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina, of the 20th Century. He served as the city's Mayor for two consecutive, two-year terms from 1971 to 1975. Lee was also elected Chairman of the North Carolina Republican Party in April 1977. He is widely credited with unifying the state Republican Party during his tenure as chairman.

WFAY
WFAY (1230 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States.  The station is owned by Jeffrey Andrulonis' Andrulonis Media. WFAY serves the Fayetteville area.

WFAY is the flagship station of the Carolina Country network, a country music network covering portions of North and South Carolina, and having been in Andrulonis's hands on and off since 1995, it is the flagship of the entire Andrulonis Media portfolio.
Wychavon
Wychavon (/ˈwɪtʃ.eɪvən/) is a local government district in Worcestershire, England. The largest towns therein are Evesham and Droitwich Spa; the council is based in the town of Pershore. The district also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas, and includes part of the Cotswolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The district's name references the Saxon Kingdom of Hwicce and the River Avon. The population in 2024 was 138,017.

The neighbouring districts are Malvern Hills, Worcester, Wyre Forest, Bromsgrove, Redditch, Stratford-on-Avon, Cotswold, and Tewkesbury.

Borough of Tewkesbury
The Borough of Tewkesbury is a local government district with borough status in Gloucestershire, England. The borough is named after its largest town, Tewkesbury where the council is based. The district also includes the town of Winchcombe and numerous villages including Bishops Cleeve, Ashchurch, Churchdown, Innsworth and Brockworth as well as other hamlets and surrounding rural areas. Parts of the district lie within the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Cotswold, Cheltenham, Stroud, Gloucester, Forest of Dean, Malvern Hills and Wychavon.
New Road of Kathmandu
New Road is the financial hub and a busy High Street in  Kathmandu, Nepal. It refers to a two lane street in the center of Kathmandu, as well as the surrounding neighborhood. It is one of the busiest marketplaces in the city. Being near the midpoint of the ring road in Kathmandu, as well as the old center of Kathmandu (Kathmandu Durbar Square, also known as Basantapur, Kathmandu), it is one of the central locations in the city.

Ring Road (Kathmandu)
Kathmandu Ring Road or NH39 (previously: H16) (Nepali: काठमाडौं चक्रपथ) is an eight-lane ring road circling around the cities of Kathmandu and Lalitpur. The total length of the Ring Road is 27 kilometres (17 mi).
It has a right of way of 62m (with 31m on either side of the center line).
Sunjammer (spacecraft)
Sunjammer (Solar Sail Demonstrator) was a NASA mission intended to demonstrate a solar sail constructed by LGarde, but was canceled before launch. The largest solar sail made as of 2013, Sunjammer was named after a 1964  Arthur C. Clarke story of the same name, Sunjammer, in which several solar sails compete in a race to the Moon. Sunjammer was slated to launch in January 2015 as the secondary payload of a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle, along with the Earth observation satellite DSCOVR. Citing a lack of confidence in its contractor's ability to deliver, the mission was canceled in October 2014.

Sunjammer
"Sunjammer" is a science fiction short story by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, originally published in the March 1964 issue of Boys' Life. The story has also been published under the title "The Wind from the Sun" in Clarke's 1972 collection of short stories with this title. It depicts a yacht race between solar sail spacecraft.
Stanhope House
Stanhope House is a Grade II listed building at 46 and 47 Park Lane in the Mayfair area of London, England.

It was built in 1899–1901 to a design by W. H. Romaine-Walker and Francis Besant. The building was commissioned by the soap manufacturer Robert William Hudson.

It was Grade II listed in 1958. In 1969–1970, after a fire, the interior was renovated.

The building is now commercial offices. In 1999, it was purchased, refurbished and let out as offices by HAB Group, a privately owned property development and investment company in the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Stanhope House and Dudley House are the only two left of the original ten mansions that lined Park Lane in 1900.

Dudley House, London
Dudley House is a Grade II* listed house with 44,000 square feet (4,100 m2) located at 100 Park Lane in the Mayfair area of London, England. It is one of the few surviving aristocratic townhouses in London. Dudley House is named after the Ward family, holders of the titles of Baron Ward, Viscount Dudley and Ward, and Earl of Dudley.
Hans Blom (philosopher)
Hans Willem Blom (born 25 April 1947, Zandvoort) is a Professor of Social and Political Philosophy at Erasmus University. Previously he lectured at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Cambridge University.  He edits Grotiana, a journal devoted to studies on the Dutch thinker Hugo Grotius.

Zandvoort
Zandvoort (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzɑntfoːrt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is one of the major beach resorts of the Netherlands; it has a long sandy beach. It is bordered by coastal dunes of Zuid-Kennemerland National Park and the Amsterdam water supply dunes. It hosts the country's most prominent motor racing circuit, Circuit Zandvoort—the host of the Dutch Grand Prix since 1950.

The municipality extends inland to take in Bentveld; it had a population of 16,954 in 2017. A nudist bathing section of the beach begins about 2 km (1¼ miles) to the south, with six eateries, which extends kilometers (miles) further.
BBC Radio 2
BBC Radio 2 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC. It is the most popular station in the United Kingdom with over 14 million weekly listeners. It specialises in 20th and 21st century popular music and a range of content. The 'About Radio 2' BBC webpage says: "With a repertoire covering more than 60 years, Radio 2 plays the widest selection of music on the radio - from classic and mainstream pop to country, folk, jazz, musical theatre, soul, hip hop, rock 'n' roll, gospel and blues."

Radio 2 was launched in 1967 to replace the BBC Light Programme. It broadcasts throughout the UK on FM between 88.1 MHz and 90.2 MHz from studios at Broadcasting House in London and MediaCityUK in Salford. Programmes are broadcast on FM radio, digital radio via DAB, digital television and BBC Sounds.

According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 12.6 million with a listening share of 13% as of June 2025.

Jeremy Vine
Jeremy Guy Vine (born 17 May 1965) is an English television and radio presenter and journalist. He is best known as the host of his BBC Radio 2 lunchtime programme which presents news, views, interviews with live guests, consumer issues and popular music.

Vine is also the host of the Channel 5 (formerly BBC Two) quiz programme Eggheads, taking over from former host Dermot Murnaghan full-time in 2014. In 2015, he was a contestant on the 13th series of Strictly Come Dancing. Since September 2018, he has presented a Channel 5 weekday current-affairs show, Jeremy Vine.
Shimosato Station
Shimosato Station (下里駅, Shimosato-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Nachikatsuura, Higashimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Nachikatsuura
Nachikatsuura (那智勝浦町, Nachikatsuura-chō) is a town located in Higashimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2021, the town had an estimated population of 14,420 in 7,622 households and a population density of 79 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 183.31 square kilometres (70.78 sq mi).
Manuel Rodríguez Torices
Manuel Rodrí­guez Torices (full birth name Manuel Juan Robustiano de los Dolores Rodrí­guez Torices y Quiroz) (May 24, 1788 – October 5, 1816) was a Neogranadine statesman, lawyer, journalist, and Precursor of the Independence of Colombia. He was part of the Triumvirate of the United Provinces of New Granada in 1815, and served as Vice President of the United Provinces after the triumvirate. He was executed during the Reign of Terror of Pablo Morillo in 1816.

United Provinces of New Granada
The United Provinces of New Granada was a country in South America from 1810 to 1816, a period known in Colombian history as la Patria Boba ("the Foolish Fatherland"). It was formed from areas of the New Kingdom of Granada, roughly corresponding to the territory of modern-day Colombia. The government was a federation with a parliamentary system, consisting of a weak executive and strong congress. The country was reconquered by Spain in 1816.
Cwmpennar
Cwmpennar (or Cwm Pennar) is a small village in Mountain Ash which is situated in the Cynon Valley, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Wales.

Cwmpennar lies opposite a former coal mining pit. Cwmpennar is part of the Cefnpennar District Welfare Association (CDWA). On 2 May 1867 an explosion took place at Cwmpennar Pit.

Cynon Valley
Cynon Valley (Welsh: Cwm Cynon) is a former coal mining valley in Wales. It lies between Rhondda and the Merthyr Valley and takes its name from the River Cynon. Aberdare is located in the north of the valley and Mountain Ash in the south. From 1974 to 1996, Cynon Valley was a local government district.

At the 2001 census, the Cynon Valley had a population of 63,512, 12.1% of whom were Welsh speakers. In common with some of the other South Wales Valleys, Cynon Valley had a high percentage of Welsh speakers until the early 20th century.
Mount Stromlo
Mount Stromlo (formerly Mount Strom ) is a mountain with an elevation of 770 metres (2,530 ft) AHD that is situated in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The mountain is most notable as the location of the Mount Stromlo Observatory. The mountain forms part of the catchment area of the Cotter River which in turn is the primary water supply for part of ACT.

Mount Stromlo Observatory
Mount Stromlo Observatory located in the west of Canberra, Australia, is part of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University (ANU). Australia's oldest telescope and several others at the observatory were destroyed by bushfire in 2003.
Adrian Mihai Ionescu
Adrian Mihai Ionescu is a Romanian and Swiss physicist and academic. He is full Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), where he is founder and director of the Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory. Starting in November 2025, he was appointed Dean of the School of Engineering at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
EPFL (officially no longer an acronym; originally short for French: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, lit. 'Federal School of Technology in Lausanne') is a public research university in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, the university primarily teaches and conducts research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

Like its sister institution ETH Zurich, EPFL is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, a consortium of universities and research institutes under the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. As of 2024, EPFL enrolled 14,012 students from over 130 countries.

Students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with EPFL include a Nobel laureate, two Fields Medalists, two Pritzker Prize winners, and one Turing Award recipient. EPFL has an urban campus that extends alongside Lake Geneva, and includes the EPFL Innovation Park as well as university research centers and affiliated laboratories.
Mushroom Men
The Mushroom Men video games were developed for Nintendo DS and Wii systems. Both games were developed by American company Red Fly Studio and published by Gamecock Media Group and SouthPeak Games. The story revolves around a civil war between 3-inch-high (76 mm) Mushroom Men in a human world. According to the game's designer Mushroom Men: Rise of the Fungi for the Nintendo DS is a side-scrolling platformer as well as a prequel to Mushroom Men: The Spore Wars, the Wii version, which is a full 3D platforming game. Red Fly Studio used Gambitious to try to crowdfund a sequel, known as Pax's Truffle Trouble for PC, which eventually came out on Steam as Mushroom Men: Truffle Trouble on March 10, 2015.

Gamecock Media Group
Gamecock Media Group was an American video game publisher based in Austin, Texas, founded in February 2007 by Mike Wilson, Harry Miller and Rick Stults, formerly founders and executives of Gathering of Developers. The company was acquired by SouthPeak Games in October 2008 and subsequently shut down.
Ockley railway station
Ockley railway station serves the villages of Ockley and Capel in Surrey, England and is 1.4 miles (2.3 km) east of Ockley village and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) west of the village of Capel. The station is 29 miles 20 chains (47.1 km) from London Waterloo station (although London-bound trains run to Victoria). Ockley is managed by Southern which also provide the services.

Ockley
Ockley is a rural village in Surrey. It lies astride the A29, the modern road using the alignment of Stane Street (Chichester). The A29 diverges from the A24 from London about 2.5 miles northeast and takes the alignment of Stane Street a mile north of the village. It has a medieval parish church, see list of places of worship in Mole Valley.
Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary
The Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary situated in Pratapgarh and Chittaurgarh districts of Rajasthan Rajasthan, India, declared as a protected forest area by the Government of Rajasthan Notification No. F 11 (9) Revenue/8/79, dated 2/11/1979. It is a dense forest, with an area of 422.95 square kilometers, which is about 40% of the total land area of the district. The land is undulating because of the confluence of three different formations — Malwa Plateau, the Vindhyachal Hills and Aravali mountain ranges.

Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan
Pratapgarh district is the 33rd district of Rajasthan, created on 26 January 2008. It is a part of Udaipur Division and has been carved out from the erstwhile tehsils of Chittorgarh, Udaipur and Banswara districts. Pratapgarh town (Pin Code 312605, STD Code 01478) is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Åsane Municipality
Åsane is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 71.2-square-kilometre (27.5 sq mi) municipality existed from 1904 until its dissolution in 1972. The area is now part of Bergen Municipality in the traditional district of Midhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Eidsvåg. The municipality encompassed the northern part of the Bergen Peninsula, roughly corresponding to the present-day borough of Åsane, north of the city centre of Bergen. The main church for the municipality was Åsane Church.

Prior to its dissolution in 1972, the 71.2-square-kilometre (27.5 sq mi) municipality was the 404th largest by area out of the 449 municipalities in Norway. Åsane Municipality was the 35th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 18,161. The municipality's population density was 255.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (661/sq mi) and its population had increased by 76.6% over the previous 10-year period.

Hordaland
Hordaland (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn] ⓘ) was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Municipality, which is located in Bergen. Before 1972, the city of Bergen was its own separate county, apart from Hordaland. On 1 January 2020, the county was merged with neighbouring Sogn og Fjordane county, to form the new Vestland county.
King of New York
King of New York is a 1990 neo-noir crime drama film directed by Abel Ferrara and written by Nicholas St. John. It stars Christopher Walken, Laurence Fishburne, David Caruso, Victor Argo and Wesley Snipes, with supporting roles played by Giancarlo Esposito, Steve Buscemi, Paul Calderón, Janet Julian and Theresa Randle. Walken portrays Frank White, a New York City drug kingpin rebuilding his criminal empire after his release from prison, while also attempting to go legitimate.

The film was released by Carolco Pictures (through New Line Cinema) on September 28, 1990. It received mixed reviews from critics, with several criticizing the film's violence and dark tone. Retrospective reviews have been much more positive, and the film has been described as one of Ferrara's best.

Nicholas St. John (screenwriter)
Nicodemo Oliverio, better known as Nicholas St. John, is an American screenwriter.  He has collaborated with film director Abel Ferrara on nine films including The Driller Killer (1979), Body Snatchers (1993) and The Addiction (1995), as well as Ms. 45 (1981) and King of New York (1990).  For his work in the film The Funeral (1996), St. John was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay.
How to Break Up a Happy Divorce
How to Break Up a Happy Divorce is a 1976 American made-for-television comedy film starring Barbara Eden and Peter Bonerz, written and produced by writer partners, Gerald Gardner and Dee Caruso. It was broadcast on NBC on October 6, 1976.

Dee Caruso
Dee Caruso (April 7, 1929 – May 27, 2012) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer, whose credits included Get Smart, The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show. Caruso and his longtime writing partner, Gerald Gardner, frequently collaborated on projects. The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series, Get Smart.