hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Bear Paw
The Battle of Bear Paw (also sometimes called Battle of the Bears Paw or Battle of the Bears Paw Mountains) was the final engagement of the Nez Perce War of 1877. Following a 1,200-mile (1,900 km) running fight from north central Idaho Territory over the previous four months, the U.S. Army managed to corner most of the Nez Perce led by Chief Joseph in early October 1877 in northern Montana Territory, just 42 miles (68 km) south of the border with Canada, where the Nez Perce intended to seek refuge from persecution by the U.S. government.

Although some of the Nez Perce were able to escape to Canada, Chief Joseph was forced to surrender the majority of his followers to Brigadier General Oliver Howard and Colonel Nelson A. Miles on October 5. Today, the battlefield is part of the Nez Perce National Historical Park and the Nez Perce National Historic Trail.

Idaho Territory
The Territory of Idaho was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1863, until July 3, 1890, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as Idaho.
The Lady with the Dog (film)
The Lady with the Dog (Russian: Дама с собачкой, translit. Dama s sobachkoy) is a 1960 Soviet romantic drama film written and directed by Iosif Kheifits, based on the 1899 short story by Anton Chekhov. It was entered into the 1960 Cannes Film Festival.

1960 Cannes Film Festival
The 13th Cannes Film Festival took place from 4 to 20 May 1960. Belgian writer Georges Simenon served as Jury President for the main competition. The Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, was awarded to La Dolce Vita by Federico Fellini.

The festival opened with Ben-Hur by William Wyler.
Build Me Up Buttercup (album)
Build Me Up Buttercup is an album by the Foundations. In addition to the title track, "Build Me Up Buttercup", it contained the band's other hits, "Back On My Feet Again" and "Any Old Time (You're Lonely and Sad)". The album was released by Uni Records in 1968 and reached the charts in various United States music trade magazines in 1969.

The Foundations
The Foundations were a British soul band who were primarily active between 1967 and 1970. The group's background was West Indian, White British and Sri Lankan. Their 1967 debut single "Baby Now That I've Found You" reached number one in the UK and Canada, and number eleven in the US. Their 1968 single "Build Me Up Buttercup" reached number two in the UK and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100. The group was the first multi-racial group to have a number one hit in the UK in the 1960s.

The Foundations were one of the few British acts to imitate successfully what became known as the Motown Sound. The Foundations signed to Pye, at the time one of only four big UK record companies (the others being EMI, which included the His Master's Voice, Columbia and Parlophone labels, Decca, and Philips, which also owned Fontana).
IV (BadBadNotGood album)
IV is the fourth studio album from Canadian jazz instrumental hip-hop band BadBadNotGood. It was released on July 8, 2016. It features collaborations with Future Islands frontman Sam Herring, saxophonist Colin Stetson, Haitian-Canadian musician Kaytranada, American hip-hop artist Mick Jenkins, and Canadian singer-songwriter Charlotte Day Wilson.

It is also the band's first album to feature longtime touring partner and collaborator Leland Whitty as a formal member of the band.

BadBadNotGood
BadBadNotGood (stylized in all caps) is a Canadian instrumental band and production team from Toronto, Canada. The group was founded in 2010 by bassist Chester Hansen, keyboardist Matthew Tavares, and drummer Alexander Sowinski. In 2016, they were joined by frequent collaborator Leland Whitty. Among other projects, the group has released six solo studio albums, with the latest, Mid Spiral, released in July 2024. They have had critical and crossover success, finding audiences in the hip hop, jazz, and alternative music communities.

The group combines jazz musicianship with a hip hop production perspective and are well known for their collaborations with artists like Tyler, The Creator, Daniel Caesar, Mick Jenkins, Kendrick Lamar, Ghostface Killah, Charlotte Day Wilson, Baby Rose and MF DOOM. For their songwriting and production work, they have been nominated for five Grammy Awards, winning two.
East India Squadron
The East India Squadron, or East Indies Squadron, was a squadron of American ships that existed in the nineteenth century. It focused on protecting American interests in the Far East, while the Pacific Squadron concentrated on the western coasts of the Americas and the South Pacific Ocean. Its duties included the Yangtze River Patrol in China. The East India Squadron was established in 1835 and existed until it became part of the Asiatic Squadron in 1868.

USS Saginaw (1859)
The first USS Saginaw was a sidewheel sloop-of-war in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. The ship was in operation throughout the 1860s, but in 1870 wrecked on what is now known as Kure Atoll, a Pacific island. The event produced several books and one of the surviving boats from the ship is in a museum.

The wreck of the USS Saginaw was found in 2003.
The Woman in Question
The Woman in Question (released in the US as Five Angles on Murder) is a 1950 British murder mystery film directed by Anthony Asquith and starring Jean Kent, Dirk Bogarde and John McCallum. It was written by John Cresswell and Joseph Janni. After a woman is murdered, the complex and very different ways in which she is seen by several people are examined.

It was loosely adapted into the 1954 Indian film Andha Naal.

Joseph Janni
Joseph Janni (21 May 1916 – 29 May 1994) was a Jewish Italian-British film producer best known for his work with John Schlesinger. He was born in Milan, Italy and became interested in filmmaking while at university.

He emigrated to England in 1939, and once Italy declared war, he was briefly interned in Metropole Camp on the Isle of Man. Returning to London, he worked with John Corfield.

Janni's success with The Glass Mountain brought him work with the Rank Organisation. Janni made the popular Town Like Alice with Jack Lee and Peter Finch and the three men were reunited on Robbery Under Arms.

Janni went on to produce the first films of John Schlesinger and Ken Loach. Many of these were financed by Nat Cohen.
Arsonic acid
Arsonic acid is the simplest of the arsonic acids.  It is a hypothetical compound, although the tautomeric arsenious acid (As(OH)3) is well established.  In contrast to the instability of HAsO(OH)2, the phosphorus compound with analogous stoichiometry exists as the tetrahedral tautomer.  Similarly, organic derivatives such as phenylarsonic acid are tetrahedral with pentavalent central atom.

There are similar acids that are the same except for having different pnictogens. The phosphorus equivalent is phosphonic acid.

Arsenous acid
Arsenous acid (or arsorous acid) is the inorganic compound with the formula H3AsO3, more descriptively written as As(OH)3. It is an acid known to occur in aqueous solutions. It has not been isolated as a pure material, although this fact does not detract from its significance.
Minnesota Baptist Association
Christianity portal

The Minnesota Baptist Association, originally known as the Minnesota Baptist Convention, is an organization of independent fundamental Baptist churches in the state of Minnesota. The first meeting of the state convention of Minnesota Baptists was held August 28, 1859, in Winona. It was affiliated with the Northern Baptist Convention, but was taken over by fundamentalists under the leadership of William Bell Riley and subsequently withdrew from the Northern Baptists because of what they felt was an increasing trend toward modernism among the leadership, colleges, etc.

William Bell Riley
William Bell Riley (March 22, 1861 – December 5, 1947) was an American Baptist evangelical Christian pastor who spoke against modernism and evolution. He was known as "The Grand Old Man of Fundamentalism."
Yigdal
Yigdal (Hebrew: יִגְדַּל‎, romanized: yiḡdal, lit. 'be exalted') is a Jewish hymn which, in various rituals, shares with Adon Olam the place of honor at the opening of the morning and the close of the evening service. It is based on the 13 principles of faith (sometimes referred to as "the 13 Creeds") formulated by Maimonides. This was not the only metrical presentment of the 13 principles, but it has outlived all others, whether in Hebrew or the vernacular. A translation can be found in any bilingual siddur.

Among Ashkenazi Jews, only thirteen lines are sung, one for each principle; the last line, dealing with the resurrection of the dead, is repeated to complete the antiphon when the hymn is responsorially sung by the hazzan and congregation. Sephardic Jews, who sing the hymn in congregational unison throughout, use the following line as the 14th: "These are the 13 bases of the Rule of Moses and the tenets of his Law."

Myer Lyon
Myer Lyon (c. 1750, Germany – 1797, Kingston, Jamaica), better known by his stage name Michael Leoni, was a hazzan at the Great Synagogue of London who achieved fame as a tenor opera singer in London and Dublin, and as the mentor of the singer John Braham.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Kendall County, Illinois
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kendall County, Illinois.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Kendall County, Illinois, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 11 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.

Kendall County, Illinois
Kendall County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois, within the Chicago metropolitan area. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 131,869. Its county seat is Yorkville, and its most populous municipality is Oswego.

Kendall County is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and was the fastest-growing county in the United States between 2000 and 2010.
Polyhalite
Polyhalite is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated sulfate of potassium, calcium and magnesium with formula: K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O. Polyhalite crystallizes in the triclinic system, although crystals are very rare. The normal habit is massive to fibrous. It is typically colorless, white to gray, although it may be brick red due to iron oxide inclusions. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 2.8.
It is used as a valuable fertilizer.

Polyhalite was first described in 1818 for specimens from its type locality in Salzburg, Austria.
It occurs in sedimentary marine evaporites and is a major potassium ore mineral in the Carlsbad deposits of New Mexico.  It is also present as a 2–3% contaminant of Himalayan salt.
The only deposit currently being mined lies under North Yorkshire, UK, extending under the adjacent North Sea.

ICL Group Ltd.
ICL Group Ltd. (Hebrew: איי.סי. אל. גרופ בע"מ) (formerly Israel Chemicals Ltd., ICL) is a multi-national manufacturing concern that develops, produces and markets fertilizers, metals and other special-purpose chemical products. ICL serves primarily three markets: agriculture, food and engineered materials. ICL produces approximately a third of the world's bromine, and is the world's sixth-largest potash producer. It is a manufacturer of specialty fertilizers and specialty phosphates, flame retardants and water treatment solutions.

ICL is majority controlled by the Israel Corporation, one of the largest Israeli conglomerates. In addition to the Dead Sea Works, Israel Chemicals mines phosphates in the Negev desert.

ICL Group serves customers in Asia.

The company's share is a dual stock traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange since 1991 and on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ICL, and is part of the Tel Aviv 35 Index.
Juan Manuel Burgos
Juan Manuel Burgos Velasco (born 1961, Valladolid) is a Spanish Personalist philosopher. He holds a PhD in physics, (Barcelona, 1988) and a PhD in philosophy (Rome, 1992). He is professor at the University San Pablo CEU, Madrid and at the John Paul II Institute, Madrid Archived 2015-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, a member of the Jacques Maritain International Institute, and distinguished guest professor at Galileo University (2007, Guatemala). In 2007, he became an honorary professor at the Institute of Family Sciences (Guatemala) for his contribution to family sciences through his anthropology studies.

He is founder and president of Spain's Asociación Española de Personalismo, an institution dedicated to develop and promote personalism through publications and seminaries. The editor of Palabra Editorials, Madrid, Burgos has published books and articles on specialized magazines on diverse topics on Personalism, philosophical anthropology, bioethics, and sociology of the family.

Personalism
Personalism is an intellectual stance that emphasizes the importance of the human person. Personalism exists in many different versions, and this makes it somewhat difficult to define as a philosophical and theological movement. Friedrich Schleiermacher first used the term personalism (German: Personalismus) in print in 1799. One can trace the concept back to earlier thinkers in various parts of the world.
Indian Mills, West Virginia
Indian Mills is an unincorporated community in Summers County, West Virginia, United States.  It lies to the southeast of the city of Hinton, the county seat of Summers County.   Its elevation is 1,545 feet (471 m).

Summers County, West Virginia
Summers County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,959. Its county seat is Hinton. The county was created by an act of the West Virginia Legislature on February 27, 1871, from parts of Fayette, Greenbrier, Mercer and Monroe counties and named in honor of George W. Summers (1804–1868).
Yoake Mae
Yoake Mae (夜明けまえ, Before the Dawn) is the ninth studio album by Chara, which was released on March 19, 2003. It debuted at #17 on the Japanese Oricon album charts, and charted in the top 300 for 5 weeks. It eventually sold 47,000 copies.

The entire album was produced and written by Chara. It was her last original album release on Sony.

Two singles were released from the album: Hatsukoi (初恋, First Love) and Mieru wa (みえるわ, I Can See!).

Chara (singer)
Miwa Watabiki (綿引 美和, Watabiki Miwa; born January 13, 1968), better known by her stage name Chara (ちゃら), is a Japanese singer, actress and video jockey. She debuted in 1991 with the single Heaven. She is known for her song "Swallowtail Butterfly (Ai no Uta)", the theme song for the 1996 Shunji Iwai film Swallowtail Butterfly in which she starred, her 1997 hit single "Yasashii Kimochi", and her collaboration with Judy and Mary vocalist Yuki, "Ai no Hi Mittsu Orange". Chara later formed a band with Yuki, called Mean Machine.
Trent Schmutter
Trent Schmutter (born 27 August 1987 in Sydney) is an Australian former professional outfielder who had played for Sydney Blue Sox.

In 2011, he was awarded the 2010-11 Australian Baseball League season Rookie of the Year.

Since 2023, Trent is currently working as a teacher and deputy principal at Pittwater High School.

Pittwater High School
Pittwater High School, (abbreviation PHS) is a school located in Mona Vale, New South Wales, Australia, on Mona Street and Pittwater Road. It is a co-educational high school operated by the New South Wales Department of Education with students from years 7 to 12. The school was established in 1963.
Ali al-Shemari
Ali al-Shemari is an Iraqi politician from the Sadrist Movement who was the Health Minister of Iraq from May 20, 2006, until April 16, 2007.

Al-Shemari's deputy, Hakim al-Zamili, and his security chief, Hamid al-Shammari, were arrested and tried in 2007 on claims they ran a death squad that attacked Sunni Arabs patients and visitors in Health Ministry hospitals. Among their supposed victims was Ammar al-Saffar, another deputy health minister who was preparing to expose corruption in the ministry, kidnapped in November 2006. Both men were cleared of all charges when key witnesses failed to show up after facing alleged intimidation.

Following the arrest of his deputies, Shemari fled Iraq.

Ammar al-Saffar
Ammar al-Saffar (born 1956) was the Deputy Health Minister of Iraq from 2003 until his kidnapping and likely death in 2006. On November 19, 2006, he became the highest-ranking Iraqi official to be kidnapped when he was seized by men in police uniforms.
Ron Mariano
Ronald Joseph Mariano (born October 31, 1946) is an American politician currently serving as the Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. A Democrat from Quincy, he was first elected to the House in a December 1991 special election. He was appointed assistant majority leader in February 2009 and majority leader in January 2011 by then-speaker Robert DeLeo, who he succeeded as speaker upon DeLeo's retirement in 2020. He represents the 3rd Norfolk district.

Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Norfolk district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Norfolk district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Norfolk County. Democrat Ron Mariano of Quincy has represented the district since 1991.
Angélique Spincer
Angélique Spincer (born 25 June 1984) is a French former team handball player. She played most of her career for the French handball club Issy-Paris Hand. She played for the French national team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.

She played main as a centre back, but could also play as a left wing.

She won the French League Cup in 2013.

Paris 92
Paris 92 is a French professional handball club from Issy-les-Moulineaux, Paris. This team currently competes in the French Women's Handball First League from 2010. The club was previously named Issy-les-Moulineaux Handball (1999-2009) and Issy Paris Hand (2009-2018).
Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume Two
Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume Two (also Circle II) is the  nineteenth studio album by American country folk group Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, released on May 1, 1989. The album follows the same concept as the band's 1972 album, Will the Circle Be Unbroken, which featured guest performances from many notable country music stars.

Bruce Hornsby
Bruce Randall Hornsby (born November 23, 1954) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. His music draws from a wide range of traditions — folk, jazz, modern classical, bluegrass, rock, and jam band styles.

Hornsby has won three Grammy Awards: a 1987 Grammy Award for Best New Artist with Bruce Hornsby and the Range, a 1990 Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Recording, and a 1994 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance.

Hornsby has worked with his touring band Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, his bluegrass project with Ricky Skaggs, and as a session and guest musician. He was a touring member of the Grateful Dead from September 1990 through March 1992, playing over 100 shows with the band.
Narvacan
Narvacan, officially the Municipality of Narvacan (Ilocano: Ili ti Narvacan; Filipino: Bayan ng Narvacan), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 46,265 people.

Raul Villanueva
Raul Bautista Villanueva (born April 15, 1963) is a Filipino lawyer and the 195th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He is the first appointee to the high court by President Bongbong Marcos since 15 June 2025.
Collins and Maconie's Hit Parade
Collins and Maconie's Hit Parade was a radio programme that aired from May 1994 to June 1997. There were 74 hour-long episodes and it was broadcast on BBC Radio 1. It starred Andrew Collins and Stuart Maconie, with regular comedy input from fellow NME journalist David Quantick. Produced by BBC Radio 1 DJ Mark Goodier's production company Wise Buddah, it was essentially a revival of the defunct round table format, in which the week's new singles are assessed by two regular guest contributors, predominantly music journalists, such as Caitlin Moran, Adrian Deevoy and John Harris of Q magazine.

The series won a Sony Radio Academy Award in 1995.

Andrew Collins (broadcaster)
Andrew Collins is an English writer and broadcaster. He is the creator and writer of the Radio 4 sitcom Mr Blue Sky. His writing for television includes the soap opera EastEnders and the sitcoms Grass (which he co-wrote with Simon Day) and Not Going Out (which he initially co-wrote with Lee Mack). Collins has also worked as a music, television and film critic.
Sługocice, Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki
Sługocice [swuɡɔˈt͡ɕit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 56 km (35 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Sługocice ca 1925

Road to village

House

Church

Residents

School

Women's clothing

Men's clothing

Village plan

Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki
Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 151.3 square kilometres (58.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,826.

The gmina contains part of the protected areas of Spała Landscape Park and Sulejów Landscape Park.
Melville Bay
Melville Bay (Greenlandic: Qimusseriarsuaq; Danish: Melville Bugt), is a large bay off the coast of northwestern Greenland. Located to the north of the Upernavik Archipelago, it opens to the south-west into Baffin Bay. Its Kalaallisut name, Qimusseriarsuaq, means "the great dog sledding place".

The bay was named after Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville, (1771 - 1851) head of the Admiralty.

Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville
Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville, KT, PC, FRS (14 March 1771 – 10 June 1851) was a British statesman, the son of Henry Dundas, the 1st Viscount. Dundas was the Member of Parliament for Hastings in 1794, Rye in 1796 and Midlothian in 1801. He was also Keeper of the Signet for Scotland from 1800. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1807, a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1817, a Knight of the Thistle in 1821, and was Chancellor of the University of St Andrews from 1814. Melville filled various political offices and was First Lord of the Admiralty from 1812 to 1827 and from 1828 to 1830.
Love You (TV series)
Love You (traditional Chinese: 醉後決定愛上你; simplified Chinese: 醉后决定爱上你; pinyin: Zuì hòu jué dìng ài shàng nǐ; lit. 'love you while we were drunk') is a 2011 Taiwanese drama, starring Joseph Chang, Rainie Yang, Kingone Wang, Ann Hsu, Alien Huang, and Thomas Price. It is the second installment of the Fated to Love You trilogy. It started filming in January 2011 and wrapped on 30 April.

It was first broadcast in Taiwan on free-to-air Taiwan Television (TTV) from 17 April 2011, every Sunday at 22:00 and cable TV SET Metro from 23 April 2011, every Saturday at 21:00.

Love You was nominated for four awards at the 46th Golden Bell Awards, including Best Actor for Joseph Chang, Best Director in a Television Series for Chen Ming-chang and Best Television Series.

Rainie Yang
Rainie Yang Cheng Lin (Chinese: 楊丞琳; born 4 June 1984) is a Taiwanese singer, actress, and television host. Yang began her career in 2000 as a member of girl group 4 in Love. After the group disbanded in 2002, she began a successful solo career with her album, My Intuition, in 2005. In addition to singing, she is known for co-hosting the variety show Guess from 2002 to 2007, and for her acting roles in TV dramas Meteor Garden (2001), Devil Beside You (2005), Why Why Love (2007), and Hi My Sweetheart (2009), for which she received the Golden Bell Award for Best Actress.