hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brillouin and Langevin functions
The Brillouin and Langevin functions are a pair of special functions that appear when studying an idealized paramagnetic material in statistical mechanics. These functions are named after French physicists Paul Langevin and Léon Brillouin who contributed to the microscopic understanding of magnetic properties of matter.

The Langevin function is derived using statistical mechanics, and describes how magnetic dipoles are aligned by an applied field. The Brillouin function was developed later to give an explanation that considers quantum physics. The Langevin function could then be a seen as a special case of the more general Brillouin function if the quantum number  would be infinite ().

Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem
The Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem states that when statistical mechanics and classical mechanics are applied consistently, the thermal average of the magnetization is always zero. This makes magnetism in solids solely a quantum mechanical effect and means that classical physics cannot account for paramagnetism, diamagnetism and ferromagnetism. The inability of classical physics to explain triboelectricity also stems from the Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem.
Whitecourt Wolverines
The Whitecourt Wolverines are a junior "A" ice hockey team in the North Division of the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) based in Whitecourt, Alberta, Canada. The 2012–13 season was their inaugural season in Whitecourt.

The Wolverines were founded on May 2, 2012, through the relocation of the St. Albert Steel from St. Albert. The team plays out of JDA Place, which has a seating capacity of 1,058. JDA Ventures Ltd. is the sponsor of the arena.

Alberta Junior Hockey League
The Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) is an Alberta-based Junior A ice hockey league that belongs to the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL).  It was formed as a five-team league in 1964. The 2023–24 season began with 16 teams, however 5 teams did not finish the season after it was announced that 
they planned to join the BCHL in the 2024–25 season. The regular season league champions receive the Dave Duchak Trophy.  The playoff champions receive the Inter Pipeline Cup (previously known as the Carling O'Keefe trophy and Gas Drive Cup). The winner of the AJHL playoffs continues on to play in the Centennial Cup tournament, which determines Canadian Junior A champion.
Their Worldly Goods
Their Worldly Goods is a 1914 American silent short film directed by Sydney Ayres. Starring  William Garwood, Edith Borella, Charlotte Burton, Jack Richardson, Louise Lester,  Vivian Rich and Harry Van Meter.

The film was released on August 19, 1914.

Harry von Meter
Harry von Meter (March 20, 1871 – June 2, 1956; sometimes credited as Harry van Meter) was an American actor of stage and silent film. He starred in about 200 films in the period from 1912 through 1929. He retired from acting just as sound films were beginning.
1950–51 Santosh Trophy
The 1950–51 Santosh Trophy was the seventh edition of the Santosh Trophy, the main State competition for football in India. It was held in Calcutta, West Bengal. Bengal defeated Hyderabad 1–0 in the final. Bengal was captained by Sailen Manna.

P. B. A. Saleh
Puthanparambil Babakhan Abdul Razzaq Saleh (28 November 1928 – 24 June 1979), nicknamed Kottayam Saleh, was an Indian football player. He was part of the team that played against Yugoslavia in a 10–1 defeat at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Soilmec
Soilmec S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturer of construction equipment belonging to the Trevi Group established in 1969 in Cesena. Soilmec is distributed in more than 70 countries worldwide.

Soilmec manufactures drilling machinery to be used in the construction of pile foundations, and the drilling and servicing of oil, gas and water wells. The company has expanded into the manufacture of crawler cranes and tunnel boring machines.

The machinery produced by Soilmec is typically white with blue trim and the name SOILMEC is written in yellow text with a black outline.

Cesena
Cesena (Italian: [tʃeˈzɛːna]; Romagnol: Cisêna) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy; and - with Forlì - is the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena. Served by Autostrada A14, and located near the Apennine Mountains, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) from the Adriatic Sea. The total population is 97,137.
Vermilion Bay, Ontario
Vermilion Bay is an unincorporated community on Vermilion Bay on Eagle Lake in the township of Machin, Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is located on Ontario Highway 17 (Trans-Canada Highway) between the cities of Kenora to the west and Dryden to the east.

Eagle Lake (Ontario)
Eagle Lake is a lake in Kenora District, Ontario, Canada, west of the City of Dryden. The communities of Vermilion Bay and Eagle Lake First Nation are located on the lake's north shore.

Substantial islands in the lake include Staton Island, North Twin Island, South Twin Island, Net Island, Float Island, Boat Island, and Canoe Island. Large portions of the lake (West Arm, western shore, and around Muskeg Bay) are protected in the Eagle-Dogtooth Provincial Park.
Bass worms
A bass worm is an artificial fishing lure which comes in a variety of different colors and body types and is usually scented with a salty, garlic residue.  Bass worms are more effective than other rubber worms primarily because bass are attracted to a particular worm depending on the environment in which they are being used.

Bass (fish)
Bass (/bæs/;pl.: bass) is a common name shared by many species of ray-finned fish from the large clade Percomorpha, mainly belonging to the orders Perciformes and Moroniformes, encompassing both freshwater and marine species. The word bass comes from Middle English bars, meaning "perch", despite that none of the commonly referred bass species belong to the perch family Percidae.
Omsk refinery
The Omsk Refinery (Russian: Омский нефтеперерабатывающий завод) is an oil refinery plant in the Russian city of Omsk, one of the largest in the country. This refinery has belonged to the Russian state-owned company Gazprom since 1995 through its subsidiary Gazprom Neft. The refinery produces over 50 different types of oil products, including gasoline, jet fuel, bitumen, and natural gas. Their products generally follow European emission standards. Its aromatics complex produces a range of aromatics of high purity: benzene (99.98% purity), p-Xylene (99.95% purity) and o-Xylene (99.6% purity).

Omsk
Omsk (/ˈɒmsk/; Russian: Омск, IPA: [omsk]) is the administrative center and largest city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia and has a population of over one million. Omsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk, and the twelfth-largest city in Russia. It is an important transport node, serving as a train station for the Trans-Siberian Railway and as a staging post for the Irtysh River.

During the Imperial era, Omsk was the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia and, later, of the Governor General of the Steppes. For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918–1920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves.

Omsk serves as the episcopal see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara, as well as the administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia. The mayor is Sergey Shelest.
Robin Sachs
Robin Sachs (5 February 1951 – 1 February 2013) was an English actor, active in the theatre, television and films. He was also known for his voice-over work in films and video games.

Born to a theatrical family, Sachs studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, and made a theatrical and screen career, working his way up from supporting parts in the 1970s to leading roles from the 1980s. He made his later career in the United States, and became known for his role of Ethan Rayne in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer.

Vampire Circus
Vampire Circus is a 1972 British horror film directed by Robert Young and starring Adrienne Corri, Thorley Walters and Anthony Higgins. It was written by Judson Kinberg, and produced by Wilbur Stark and Michael Carreras (uncredited) for Hammer Film Productions. The story concerns a travelling circus, the vampiric artists of which prey on the children of a 19th century Serbian village.
Rainbow Ski Area
Rainbow Ski Area is a ski resort in New Zealand's South Island. Located close to Saint Arnaud, the ski field is just across the regional boundary in Marlborough District.

It opens from late June to early October. The lifted area covers an elevation range of 1540 to 1768 metres, and it caters primarily for skiers of intermediate ability, citing a distribution of 25% beginner, 55% intermediate and 20% advanced level.

There is no accommodation on the field, but it is linked by shuttle to Saint Arnaud, 35 minutes away.

Saint Arnaud, New Zealand
Saint Arnaud (previously Rotoiti) is a small alpine village in the Tasman district of New Zealand's South Island, west of the mountains of the Saint Arnaud Range and 90 kilometres southwest of Nelson near the historic Tophouse Settlement. It is situated at the northern end of Lake Rotoiti.
Cullahill
Cullahill or Cullohill (Irish: Cúlchoill / an Chúlchoill, meaning 'the back of the woods/behind the woods') is a small village situated on the R639 road in County Laois, Ireland. Cullahill takes its name from an ancient forest that covered Cullahill Mountain and extended down to Cullahill Castle.

Cullahill Mountain
Cullahill Mountain (Irish: Sliabh na Cúlchoille, meaning 'mountain of the hazel wood') is listed as a marilyn hill and a Special Area of Conservation in County Laois, Ireland. Cullahill  with an elevation of 313 m (1,027 ft) gives its name to the local townland. It is also called Knockmannon Hill.

Cullahill Mountain takes its name from an ancient forest that covered the hill and extended down to Cullahill Castle and the village of Cullahill. The first mention of the area was about 1460 where it was called na Cúlchailli and later in 1540 it was called "Cowlekyll".

Cullahill Mountain contains a walking trail. There is population of rare green-winged orchid and on the downslope there is an ash and hazel woodland.  It is situated on the Castlecomer Plateau, along the main N8 road between Durrow in County Laois and Johnstown, County Kilkenny.
All My Life (1966 film)
All My Life is a 1966 American experimental short film directed by Bruce Baillie. It shows a continuous shot of a fence, soundtracked by Ella Fitzgerald's 1936 debut single "All My Life". Film critic P. Adams Sitney identified it as an early example of what he termed structural film.

Structural film
Structural film was an avant-garde experimental film movement prominent in the United States in the 1960s and a related movement was developed in the United Kingdom in the 1970s. Notable participants include Americans Hollis Frampton and Ernie Gehr, Canadian artist Michael Snow and British filmmaker John Smith.
Trypsin 1
Trypsin-1, also known as cationic trypsinogen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRSS1 gene.  Trypsin-1 is the main isoform of trypsinogen secreted by pancreas, the others are trypsin-2 (anionic trypsinogen), and trypsin-3 (meso-trypsinogen).

Trypsinogen
Trypsinogen (/ˌtrɪpˈsɪnədʒən, -ˌdʒɛn/) is the precursor form (or zymogen) of trypsin, a digestive enzyme. It is produced by the pancreas and found in pancreatic juice, along with amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsinogen. It is cleaved to its active form, trypsin, by enteropeptidase, which is found in the intestinal mucosa. Once activated, the trypsin can cleave more trypsinogen into trypsin, a process called autoactivation. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond on the carboxyl side of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine.
Al-'Abbasiyya
Al-'Abbasiyya (Arabic: العبْاسِيّة), also known as al-Yahudiya (Arabic: اليهودية), was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict. It was attacked under Operation Hametz during the 1948 Palestine War, and finally depopulated under Operation Dani. It was located 13 km east of Jaffa. Some of the remains of the village can be found today in the centre of the modern Israeli city of Yehud.

Savyon
Savyon (Hebrew: סביון, lit. 'Eastern groundsel') is an affluent town in the Central District of Israel, bordering the cities of Kiryat Ono and Yehud. Ranked 10/10 on the Israeli socio-economic scale, it is one of the wealthiest municipalities in Israel. In 2023 it had a population of 4,446.
Ustya (river)
The Ustya (Russian: Устья) is a river in Kotlassky, Krasnoborsky, Ustyansky, and Velsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. A very short portion of the river also forms the boundary between Kotlassky District and Velikoustyuzhsky District of Vologda Oblast. The name of Ustyansky District originates from the river Ustya.

Ustyansky District
Ustyansky District (Russian: Устья́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Ustyansky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Verkhnetoyemsky District in the northeast, Krasnoborsky and Kotlassky Districts in the east, Velikoustyugsky, Nyuksensky, Tarnogsky, and Verkhovazhsky Districts, all of Vologda Oblast, in the south, Velsky District in the west, and with Shenkursky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 10,700 square kilometers (4,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Oktyabrsky. Population:  30,581 (2010 census); 37,131 (2002 census); 45,352 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Oktyabrsky accounts for 30.4% of the district's total population.
Mitsuishi Station (Kumamoto)
Mitsuishi Station (三ツ石駅, Mitsuish-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Kōshi, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Kumamoto Electric Railway.

Kōshi, Kumamoto
Kōshi (合志市, Kōshi-shi) is a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 July 2024, the city had an estimated population of 65,054 in 26670 households, and a population density of 860 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 53.19 km2 (20.54 sq mi)..
Dolores Recordings
Dolores Recordings is a Swedish record label owned by Telegram Studios, whose roster includes I'm from Barcelona, Swingfly, Caesars, and some releases by The Soundtrack of Our Lives and Dungen.

In May 2021, Dolores was acquired by Round Hill Music.

Swingfly
Ricardo DaSilva II, better known by his stage name Swingfly, is an American–Swedish naturalised rapper and singer. He is also known by other aliases like Swing-Fly, Richie Pasta and Swing. He started lending his vocal talents to other artists' records, but has also developed also a solo career. He also appeared in Melodifestivalen 2011 with "Me and My Drum", finishing fifth. It became his most successful single, reaching the No. 2 position on the Swedish Singles Chart.
Hewa language
Hewa, also known as Sisimin and Lagaip, is spoken by the Hewa people. It is a Sepik language of northern Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Lagaip Rural LLG of Enga Province, and also in Hela Province and Telefomin Rural LLG of Sandaun Province.

Sepik languages
The Sepik or Sepik River languages are a family of some 50 Papuan languages spoken in the Sepik river basin of northern Papua New Guinea, proposed by Donald Laycock in 1965 in a somewhat more limited form than presented here. They tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones.

The best-studied Sepik language is Iatmul. The most populous are Iatmul's fellow Ndu languages Abelam and Boiken, with about 35,000 speakers each.

The Sepik languages, like their Ramu neighbors, appear to have three-vowel systems, /ɨ ə a/, that distinguish only vowel height in a vertical vowel system. Phonetic [i e o u] are a result of palatal and labial assimilation to adjacent consonants. It is suspected that the Ndu languages may reduce this to a two-vowel system, with /ɨ/ epenthetic (Foley 1986).
Jerry Stovall
Jerry Lane Stovall  (born April 30, 1941), nicknamed "Mr. Everything", is an American former football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He played college football for the LSU Tigers, where he was a unanimous selection to the 1962 College Football All-America Team as a halfback. Stovall played professionally as a safety and punter in the National Football League (NFL) with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1963 to 1971. Stovall served as the head football coach at his alma mater, LSU, from 1980 to 1983, compiling a record of 22–21–2 in four seasons and leading the 1982 team to an appearance in the 1983 Orange Bowl. He was the athletic director at Louisiana Tech University from 1990 to 1993. He is the only player in LSU history to be named a unanimous All-American (1962), be selected to the college football hall of fame (2010), be selected as a first round pick (1963), and to be selected to the pro bowl (1966, 1967, and 1969).

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
1997 Turkish military memorandum
The 1997 military memorandum (Turkish: 28 Şubat, "28 February"; also called postmodern darbe, "post-modern coup") in Turkey refers to a memorandum, in which decisions issued by the Turkish military leadership on a National Security Council meeting on 28 February 1997 resulted in the resignation of Islamist prime minister Necmettin Erbakan of the Welfare Party, and the end of his coalition government.

As the government was forced out without dissolving the parliament or suspending the constitution, the event has been famously labelled a "postmodern coup" by the Turkish admiral Salim Dervişoğlu. The process after the coup is alleged to have been organised by the West Working Group, a purported clandestine group within the military.

National Security Council (Turkey)
The National Security Council (Turkish: Milli Güvenlik Kurulu, MGK) is the principal government agency used by the President of Turkey (who is the commander-in-chief) for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters with senior national security officials, and for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. Like the national security councils of other countries, the MGK develops the national security policy.

The policy is expressed in the National Security Policy Document (Turkish: Milli Güvenlik Siyaseti Belgesi), commonly known as "The Red Book".
The Red Book is sometimes called the "most secret" document in Turkey. It is updated once or twice a decade.
Julian Corbett Prize in Naval History
The Julian Corbett Prize in Modern Naval History was established in 1924 by Mr. H. E. Corbett in memory of his brother, the great naval historian Sir Julian Corbett (1854–1922). First awarded in 1926, the prize has been offered annually by the University of London for a piece of original research in the field of naval history.

The Institute of Historical Research at the University of London describes the prize as 'A prize of the value of £1,000 and known as the Julian Corbett Prize for Research in Modern Naval History, is available annually for award by the Academic Trust Funds Committee, on the recommendation of the Institute of Historical Research, for work not previously published and based on original (Ms. or printed) materials for Modern Naval History'.

Julian Corbett
Sir Julian Stafford Corbett (12 November 1854 at Walcot House, Kennington Road, Lambeth – 21 September 1922 at Manor Farm, Stopham, Pulborough, Sussex) was a prominent British naval historian and geostrategist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, whose works helped shape the Royal Navy's reforms of that era. One of his most famous works is Some Principles of Maritime Strategy, which remains a classic among students of naval warfare. Corbett was a good friend and ally of naval reformer Admiral John "Jacky" Fisher, the First Sea Lord. He was chosen to write the official history of British naval operations during World War I.
Nowa Cerkiew, Nowy Dwór Gdański County
Nowa Cerkiew [ˈnɔva ˈt͡sɛrkʲɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostaszewo, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1919 Prussia and Germany, 1920-1939 Free City of Danzig, 1939 - February 1945 Nazi Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Ostaszewo
Gmina Ostaszewo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Ostaszewo, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Nowy Dwór Gdański and 27 km (17 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 60.65 square kilometres (23.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,204.
Louis-Édouard Roberge
Louis-Édouard Roberge (11 September 1896 – 1 July 1982) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Plessisville, Quebec and became a merchant by career.

He was first elected at the Stanstead riding in the 1949 general election then re-elected in 1953 and 1957. Roberge was defeated by René Létourneau of the Progressive Conservative party in the 1958 election.

Plessisville, Quebec
Plessisville (French pronunciation: [plɛsivil]) is a county seat of L'Érable Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. Routes 116 and 165 go through it. The city is 185 km from Montreal and 95 km from Quebec City.  The city has hosted an annual Maple festival since 1958, and the Institut québécois de l'érable (Quebec Maple Institute) is headquartered there.  The production of maple syrup and maple products is a major industry in the entire area, even giving the regional county municipality its name (érable is French for "maple").

The first person to permanently settle in the area was Jean-Baptiste Lafond, in 1835.  First incorporated as the village of Somerset, the settlement was officially incorporated as the village of Plessisville in 1855 in honour of Monseigneur Octave Plessis, bishop of Quebec at the time. In 2024, the city and the parish merged to form the current city.
Italian Comedians by a Fountain
Italian Comedians by a Fountain is a c.1718 oil painting by the French artist Nicolas Lancret.   It features a group of figures from Commedia dell'arte, shown in an idyllic garden scene by a fountain. Produced during the French Regency it reflects the style of the Fête galante, popular during the era popularised by Jean-Antoine Watteau. 
It was displayed at the Art Treasures Exhibition in Manchester in 1957. The painting was acquired by the British art collector Marquess of Hertford in 1863. It is now part of the Wallace Collection in London, noted for it's French paintings.

Nicolas Lancret
Nicolas Lancret (French pronunciation: [nikɔla lɑ̃kʁɛ]; 22 January 1690 – 14 September 1743) was a French painter. Born in Paris, he was a brilliant depicter of light comedy which reflected the tastes and manners of French society during the regency of the Duke of Orleans and, later, early reign of King Louis XV.