hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yevno Azef
Yevno Fishelevich Azef (born Yevgeny Filippovich Azef; 1869 – 24 April 1918) was a Russian socialist revolutionary who also operated as a double agent and agent provocateur. He worked as both an organiser of assassinations for the Socialist Revolutionary Party and a police spy for the Okhrana, the Russian Empire's secret police. He rose through the ranks to become the leader of the Socialist Revolutionary Party's terrorist branch, the SR Combat Organization, from 1904 to 1908.

After the revolutionary Vladimir Burtsev unmasked his activity in 1909, Azef fled to Germany, where he died in 1918.

Agent provocateur
An agent provocateur (French for 'inciting agent') is a person who actively entices another person to commit a crime that would not otherwise have been committed and then reports the person to the authorities. They may target individuals or groups.

In jurisdictions in which conspiracy is a serious crime in itself, it can be sufficient for the agent provocateur to entrap the target into discussing and planning an illegal act. It is not necessary for the illegal act to be carried out or even prepared.

Prevention of infiltration by agents provocateurs is part of the duty of demonstration marshals, also called stewards, deployed by organizers of large or controversial assemblies.
Brookholt School of Agriculture for Women
The Brookholt School of Agriculture for Women (also known as Belmont's Farm School for Girls) was an experimental American farm vocational school for women. Established on April 1, 1911, by Alva Belmont on her Brookholt estate, located in the hamlet of East Meadow, 3 miles (4.8 km) from Hempstead, Long Island, New York, it was believed to be the first institution of its kind for the exclusive benefit of women.

In Belmont's view, much of the gardening in Europe was done by women, but it was not the custom in the U.S. and she aimed to change that. In 1912, when it became evident to Belmont that the students were not suited to farm life, she ended the experiment.

East Meadow, New York
East Meadow is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the Town of Hempstead in the central portion of Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 37,796 at the time of the 2020 census.

Many of the hamlet's residents commute to Manhattan, located approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the west.
Arthur Hesketh Groom
Arthur Hesketh Groom (1846–1918) was the founder of the Kobe Golf Club, Japan's first golf club. Groom came to Japan in 1868 and became a long-term resident of Kobe. He was a known outdoorsman and mountaineer, and it is his appreciation for the local mountains near Kobe and a lament that golf was unavailable in Japan that led him and a group of friends to found the Club.

Kobe Golf Club
The Kobe Golf Club (神戸ゴルフ倶楽部, Kōbe Golf Club) is Japan's first golf course, built on Mount Rokko in 1903 by English expatriate Arthur Hasketh Groom. The club began as a nine-hole course on May 24, 1903, but quickly expanded to eighteen the following year.

Strict rules are enforced to maintain the course's pristine condition such as a prohibition of golf carts and a limit of eight clubs per player.  As the course was literally carved out of a mountain, it can be quite demanding and clubs are carried in canvas bags to reduce the strain on caddies.
Verismo
In opera, verismo (Italian for 'realism'), from vero, meaning 'true', was a post-Romantic operatic tradition associated with Italian composers such as Pietro Mascagni, Ruggero Leoncavallo, Umberto Giordano, Francesco Cilea and Giacomo Puccini.

Verismo as an operatic genre had its origins in an Italian literary movement of the same name. This was in turn related to the international literary movement of naturalism as practised by Émile Zola and others. Like naturalism, the verismo literary movement sought to portray the world with greater realism. In so doing, Italian verismo authors such as Giovanni Verga wrote about subject matter, such as the lives of the poor, that had not generally been seen as a fit subject for literature.

Francesco Cilea
Francesco Cilea (Italian pronunciation: [franˈtʃesko tʃiˈlɛːa]; 23 July 1866 – 20 November 1950) was an Italian composer. Today he is particularly known for his operas L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur.
1936 British Lions tour to Argentina
The 1936 British Lions tour of Argentina was a series of rugby union matches arranged between the British Lions and various Argentine teams. The tourists played ten matches, nine of which were against club and combined teams while one match took in a full Argentina national team. Despite being sanctioned by the International Rugby Board, no caps were awarded to players from either side.

This was the third and final international tour to South America by a combined British team, and although classed as the British Lions, it was predominantly English, with a handful of Scottish and Irish players.

The Lions won all the games played, scoring 399 points and conceding only 12.

Birkenhead Park FC
Birkenhead Park Football Club  is an English rugby union team based in Birkenhead, Wirral. The club operates five senior teams, a ladies team (Birkenhead Park Panthers) and six junior sides. The men's senior team play in Regional 1 North West, the fifth level of the English rugby union system, following promotion as champions of Regional 2 North West in 2023–24.
Fyllingen Fotball
Fyllingen Fotball is a Norwegian association football club from Fyllingsdalen, Bergen, Hordaland.

It was founded as a formally independent section of the alliance sports club Fyllingen IL on 1 January 1994. Fyllingen IL was founded on 6 June 1946. Fyllingen Fotball still uses Fyllingen IL's logo.

The club played in the Norwegian top flight in 1990, 1991 and 1993, and reached the Norwegian Cup final in 1990, where they lost 5–1 against Rosenborg. This earned them a place in the 1991–92 European Cup Winners' Cup, where they were eliminated by Atlético Madrid in the first round.

Fyllingen played in the 1. divisjon from 1994 to 1996 and in the 2. divisjon from 1997 till 2009. The last two seasons of its existence, the club played in the 3. divisjon. After the 2011 season, Fyllingen merged with Løv-Ham to create FK Fyllingsdalen, and the two clubs ceased to exist. The team was revived for the 2025 season, starting in the Seventh Division.

1990 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1990 Norwegian Football Cup was the 85th edition of the Norwegian Football Cup. The final took place at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 21 October 1990. Rosenborg were won the Norwegian Cup after they defeated Fyllingen with the score 5–1. This was Rosenborg's fifth Norwegian Cup title.
Ricardo Brennand Institute
The Ricardo Brennand Institute (Portuguese: Instituto Ricardo Brennand, IRB) is a cultural institution located in the city of Recife, Brazil. It is a not-for-profit private organization, inaugurated in 2002 by the Brazilian collector and businessman Ricardo Brennand. It comprises a museum, an art gallery, a library and a large park.

The institute holds a permanent collection of historic and artistic objects of diversified provenience, ranging from Early Middle Ages to 20th century, with strong emphasis in objects, documents and artwork related to Colonial and Dutch Brazil, including the world's largest assemblage of paintings by Frans Post.

The institute also houses one of the largest collections of armory in the world, with 3,000 pieces, the majority of which were produced in Europe and Asia between the 14th and 19th centuries. The library has over 62 thousand volumes, ranging from 16th to 20th century, including a collection of brasiliana and other rare items.

Albert Eckhout
Albert Eckhout (c.1610–1665) was a Dutch portrait and still life painter. Eckhout, the son of Albert Eckhourt and Marryen Roeleffs, was born in Groningen, but his training as an artist and early career are unknown. A majority of the works attributed to him are unsigned. He was among the first European artists to paint scenes from the New World. He was in the entourage of the Dutch governor-general of Brazil, Johan Maurits, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, who took him and fellow painter Frans Post to Dutch Brazil to have them record the country's landscape, inhabitants, flora and fauna. Eckhout is also famous for his still-life paintings of Brazilian fruits and vegetables. His paintings were intended for decoration in a domestic context.
Streptomyces peucetius
Streptomyces peucetius is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

S. peucetius produces the anthracycline antitumor antibiotics daunorubicin and doxorubicin (also known as adriamycin). Recent work has identified an antibacterial macrolide, peucemycin, with activity against growth of S. aureus, P. hauseri, and S. enterica.

Peucemycin
Peucemycin is a polyketide produced by Streptomyces peucetius, a Gram-positive filamentous bacteria that also produces the anticancer compounds daunorubicin and doxorubicin. This compound was elucidated from a cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster and is produced under temperature-specific conditions for bacterial growth (metabolite is present at 18 °C but not 28 °C). Peucemycin has demonstrated bioactivity against growth of S. aureus, P. hauseri, and S. enterica and also is weakly active against cancer cell lines. Peucemycin is biosynthesized through a Type 1 PKS system.
David Cubitt
David Cubitt (born 18 March 1965) is an English-born Canadian television actor.

Born in England in 1965 to a Dutch mother, Jette, and an English father, David, he moved with his parents to Vancouver, British Columbia when he was six months old. He studied at Studio 58 there. He has starred in the Canadian series Traders and the American series Robbery Homicide Division.

He appeared as Det. Lee Scanlon in the series Medium.  He first appeared in season 1 and appeared until the show was cancelled after its seventh season. He appeared in the disaster miniseries 10.5 and 10.5: Apocalypse, and made his film debut in Alive: The Miracle of the Andes (1993), co-starring Ethan Hawke.

10.5 (miniseries)
10.5 is a 2004 American disaster film directed by John Lafia which aired as a television miniseries in the United States from May 2 to May 3, 2004 on NBC. The plot focuses on a series of catastrophic earthquakes along the United States west coast, culminating in one measuring 10.5 on the Richter scale.

10.5 was widely ridiculed by both reviewers and geologists; nevertheless, it received respectable Nielsen ratings.

The first part of the miniseries aired on May 2, 2004, and the second one aired on May 3. A sequel, 10.5: Apocalypse, was aired on May 21, 2006, and May 23, 2006.
Mandy Minella
Mandy Carla Minella (born 22 November 1985) is a Luxembourgish politician and former professional tennis player. Having made her debut on the WTA Tour in 2001, she peaked at No. 66 in the WTA singles rankings in September 2012, and No. 47 in doubles in April 2013.

Minella won two doubles tournaments on the WTA Tour, as well as one singles title and three doubles events of WTA 125 tournaments. She also won 16 singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Minella was coached by Norbert Palmier from May 2008 until 2011, and later by Tim Sommer, her husband, from October 2014 until she retired.

After her retirement in 2022, she began a career in national politics, joining the Democratic Party and being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 2023.

Alisa Kleybanova
Alisa Mikhailovna Kleybanova (Алиса Михайловна Клейбанова, born 15 July 1989) is a Russian former tennis player. Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 20, achieved in February 2011. In her career, she won two singles titles and five doubles titles on the WTA Tour.
Ramita Jindal
Ramita Jindal (born 16 January 2004) is an Indian sport shooter. She won a silver medal in the women's 10 metre air rifle team event and a bronze medal in the women's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2022 Asian Games. She is a student of Hansraj College, Delhi University.

Hansraj College
Hansraj College is a constituent college of the University of Delhi, in Delhi, India. Established in 1948 and situated in the Delhi University North Campus. It is considered one of the best colleges in India. It is ranked 3rd among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2025 and is accredited A++ by NAAC, scoring a CGPA of 3.71, one of the highest among DU colleges. It is a premier institution of the DAV Managing Committee - the largest non-government educational organization of the country. On 26 July 1948, the college was set up in memory of Mahatma Hansraj (1882–1938) the founder of DAV College Lahore and a pioneer in the field of education. Departments include science, liberal arts, and commerce.
Épistre Contenant le Procès Criminel Faict à l'Encontre de la Royne Anne Boullant d'Angleterre
Épistre Contenant le Procès Criminel Faict à l'Encontre de la Royne Anne Boullant d'Angleterre, or A Letter Containing the Criminal Charges Laid Against Queen Anne Boleyn of England, is a 1,318-line poem written in French in 1536, by Lancelot de Carle, secretary to the French ambassador to England, Antoine de Castelnau.

In May 1536, a musician of the royal household, Mark Smeaton, the courtiers Henry Norris, Sir Francis Weston, William Brereton, as well as the queen's brother, George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford, were tried and executed for treason and adultery with Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII. Lancelot de Carle was in London at the time, and was an eyewitness to Anne's trial and execution.

The poem, dated 2 June 1536, details the life and the dramatic events surrounding the arrest, trial and execution of Anne Boleyn, and those accused with her. Although not published until 1545, it does appear to have been widely circulated prior to this.

Lancelot de Carle
Lancelot de Carle (also Carles) (c. 1508 – July 1568), Bishop of Riez, was a French scholar, poet and diplomat. He was in London in 1536, in the service of the French Ambassador, Antoine de Castelnau. Carle was an eyewitness to the trial and execution of Anne Boleyn, Queen consort of Henry VIII, and shortly afterwards, he wrote a poem detailing her life and the circumstances surrounding her death.
HMS Walpole
HMS Walpole (D41) was a W-class destroyer of the Royal Navy.

The ship was built under the 1916–17 programme in the 10th Destroyer order. Walpole was assigned to the 13th Destroyer Flotilla in the Grand Fleet after completion. she was assigned to the 11th Destroyer Flotilla in September 1939 and served until almost the end of the Second World War. Her role was mostly convoy escort duties, but she took part in two combined arms operations (Operations Amsterdam and Jubilee) and the D-day landings (Operation Neptune). She hit a mine on 6 January 1945 and was subsequently declared a constructive total loss and broken up at Thos. W. Ward Grays, Essex in March 1945.

Thos. W. Ward
Thos. W. Ward Ltd was a British business primarily working steel, engineering and cement. It began as coal and coke merchants, later expanded into recycling metal for Sheffield's steel industry, and then the supply and manufacture of machinery.

In 1894, as part of the scrap metal operation, Ward began to set up substantial shipbreaking yards in different parts of England, and in Scotland and Wales. By 1953, Thos. W. Ward employed 11,500 people.

Ward's business was reorganised at the end of the 1970s, when it moved from being an engineering group with a motley assortment of subsidiaries to being principally dependent on cement. In 1982, it was bought by Rio Tinto Zinc.
Anthony Maddox
Anthony Maddox (born November 22, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL draft. He played college football for the Delta State Statesmen.

Delta State Statesmen football
The Delta State Statesmen football team represents Delta State University, located in Cleveland, Mississippi, in NCAA Division II college football. The Statesmen, who began playing football in 1926, currently compete as members of the Gulf South Conference (GSC). Delta State plays home games on campus at McCool Stadium.

Delta State has won one national championship at the Division II level, in 2000.
Pierre Gaspard (mountaineer)
Pierre Gaspard (27 March 1834, in Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans – 16 January 1915, in Saint-Christophe-en-Oisans) was a French mountain climber, one of the greatest mountain guides in the silver age of alpinism. He made the first ascent of La Meije (Massif des Écrins) on 16 August 1877 with his son and Emmanuel Boileau de Castelnau. Their ascent followed the south buttress Arête du Promontoire, which became the "normal route".

Barre des Écrins
The Barre des Écrins (French pronunciation: [baʁ dez‿ekʁɛ̃]) is a mountain in the French Alps with a peak elevation of 4,102 metres (13,458 ft). It is the highest peak of the Massif des Écrins and the Dauphiné Alps and the most southerly alpine peak in Europe that is higher than 4,000 metres. It is the only 4,000-metre mountain in France that lies outside the Mont Blanc Massif. Before the annexation of Savoy in 1860 it was the highest mountain in France.
Cycle rickshaw
The cycle rickshaw is a small-scale means of local transport. A type of tricycle designed to carry passengers on a for-hire basis, it may also be known as bike taxi, velotaxi, pedicab, bikecab, cyclo,  beca, becak, trisikad, sikad, tricycle taxi, trishaw, or hatchback bike.

The cycle rickshaw is human-powered by pedaling, in contrast to the classic rickshaw, pulled by a person on foot, and distinct from the motorized auto rickshaw.

Cyclo (film)
Cyclo (Vietnamese: Xích Lô [sɨt̚˦˥ lo˧˧]) is a 1995 film by Tran Anh Hung. It stars Lê Văn Lộc, Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Trần Nữ Yên Khê. The film is about the hard lives of the labor force in early 1990s Ho Chi Minh City, and how people come under the influence of crime.

The film is considered hard to understand because of abstract and wordless communication. However, in a review, Janet Maslin asserted that this style, which is  typical of the film director, makes the movie more memorable and successful. The film won the Golden Lion at the 52nd Venice International Film Festival.
Anatolian Eagle
Anatolian Eagle is an air force exercise hosted by the Turkish Air Force and held at 3rd Main Jet Base at Konya, Turkey. There are both national and international exercises held, the international exercises usually involving air arms of the United States, other NATO forces, and Asian countries.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Hermogenes Dolganyov
Georgiy Yefremovich Dolganyov (Георгий Ефремович Долганёв; 25 April 1858 – April 1918) was a prominent Russian Orthodox religious figure, a monarchist and anti-communist, who supported the Union of the Russian People and Black Hundreds. 
In 1917, he was appointed as Hermogenes, Bishop of Tobolsk and Siberia (Russian: священномученик Гермоген, епископ Тобольский и Сибирский).  
In April 1918, he was arrested by Bolsheviks and drowned in the Tura River.
He  was canonized on 31 March 1999 being regarded as a Saint martyr.

Black Hundreds
The Black Hundreds were reactionary, monarchist, and ultra-nationalist groups in Russia in the early 20th century. They were staunch supporters of the House of Romanov, and opposed any retreat from the autocracy of the reigning monarch. Their name arose from the medieval concept of "black", or common (non-noble) people, organized into militias.

The Black Hundreds were noted for extremism and incitement of pogroms, nationalistic Russocentric doctrines, as well as various xenophobic beliefs, including anti-Ukrainian sentiment, anti-Polish sentiment, and antisemitism.

The ideology of the movement is based on a slogan formulated by Count Sergey Uvarov: "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality".
Andre Castro (racing driver)
Andre Castro (born January 6, 1999) is an American professional racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 35 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Joey Gase Motorsports with Scott Osteen. Castro previously competed in the USF Juniors championship with International Motorsport and in the U.S. F2000 National Championship in 2021 with Legacy Autosport. He was one of two drivers to win the prestigious Team USA Scholarship in 2021.

Joey Gase Motorsports
Joey Gase Motorsports with Scott Osteen is an American stock car racing team that competes in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series. The team fields the No. 35 full-time and the No. 55 full-time for multiple drivers.

The team, originally Joey Gase Racing, was founded by NASCAR owner-driver Joey Gase in November 2021. Before the team attempted its first race under that name, NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour driver Patrick Emerling joined the team as a co-owner in December 2021 and the team was renamed Emerling-Gase Motorsports ahead of their first season in 2022.

On February 1, 2024, it was announced that Emerling would be splitting from Gase in 2024 and would go to SS-Green Light Racing to drive their No. 07 car for the majority of the 2024 NASCAR Xfinity Series season. On November 27, Floridian Motorsports owner Scott Osteen was announced as co-owner of the team.
Astroboa nuda
Astroboa nuda, known as the naked basket star, giant basket star, or cream basket star, is a Gorgonocephalid basket star, a type of echinoderm. Its lengthy arms (spanning up to 1.0 metre (3.3 ft)) are highly branched. It inhabits reef slopes exposed to current throughout the Indo-Pacific, ranging from the Red Sea to New Caledonia. During the day, it coils into a tight ball inside a nook in the reef. At night, it spreads its arms to form a basket to feed on plankton.

Basket star
The Euryalina are a suborder of brittle stars, which includes large species with either branching arms (called "basket stars") or long and curling arms (called "snake stars"). It is sometimes listed as the order Euryalida.
The Adding Machine (film)
The Adding Machine is a 1969 British fantasy comedy drama film produced, written, and directed by Jerome Epstein and starring Milo O'Shea, Phyllis Diller, Billie Whitelaw, Sydney Chaplin, and Raymond Huntley.

It was based on a stage production of the 1923 Elmer Rice play The Adding Machine directed by Epstein in Los Angeles in the 1940s. It was distributed in the United Kingdom by Universal Pictures.

The action of the film takes place on Earth, in 1930s Manhattan during the Great Depression, and in Heaven.

Jerome Epstein (director)
Jerome Leonard Epstein (January 17, 1922 – November 16, 1991) was an American director, screenwriter and producer known for his nearly 30-year professional collaboration and friendship with Charlie Chaplin and his son Sydney Chaplin.