hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas More Universitas
Thomas More Universitas (Spanish: Universidad Thomas More (UTM)) is a private, Catholic university located in Managua, Nicaragua. It was founded in 1997 and is one of the 46 universities accredited by the National University Council (Consejo Nacional de Universidades, CNU). The founder of the university, Silvio De Franco, was a former Secretary of Education under President Violeta Chamorro's democratic government.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
On Pre-Islamic Poetry
On Pre-Islamic Poetry is a book of literary criticism published in 1926 by the Egyptian author Taha Hussein. In it, Hussein argued that pre-Islamic Arabic poetry, which then was believed to date from the pre-Islamic period, was actually from later eras. Hussein also cast doubt on the authenticity of the Quran. The book's publication caused a major literary controversy in Egypt.

In the English-speaking world, the Orientalist scholar D. S. Margoliouth published similar views at about the same time in his article "The Origins of Arabic Poetry."

Taha Hussein
Taha Hussein (Egyptian Arabic: [ˈtˤɑːhɑ ħ(e)ˈseːn], Arabic: طه حسين; November 15, 1889 – October 28, 1973) was among the most influential 20th-century Egyptian writers and intellectuals, and a leading figure of the Arab Renaissance and the modernist movement in the Arab world. His sobriquet was "The Dean of Arabic Literature" (Arabic: عميد الأدب العربي).
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature twenty-one times.
See If I Care (album)
See If I Care is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Gary Allan. It was released in September 2003 via MCA Nashville. The album spawned three singles with "Tough Little Boys", "Songs About Rain", and "Nothing On but the Radio", all of which charted in the Top 15 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. "Tough Little Boys" and "Nothing On but the Radio" both reached number one while "Songs About  Rain" peaked at number 12. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA.

The album's title track was previously recorded by Mike Walker on his self-titled debut album. The song "A Showman's Life" was originally recorded by the songwriter, Jesse Winchester, on his 1978 album A Touch on the Rainy Side and was subsequently recorded by George Strait on his 2011 album Here for a Good Time.

Tough Little Boys
"Tough Little Boys" is a song written by Harley Allen and Don Sampson and recorded by American country music artist Gary Allan.  It was released in June 2003 as the first single from Allan's 2003 album See If I Care.  The song became Allan's second number one hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in October 2003.
Claude Littner
Claude Littner (born 4 May 1949) is an American-born British business executive and the former chairman of Viglen, Powerleague, ASCO and Azzuri Communications. He is also the deputy chairman of Blacks Leisure and former chief executive of Tottenham Hotspur.  He is also known from his appearances on the British version of The Apprentice, interviewing for his former boss Alan Sugar. Littner was one of Sugar's aides between 2015 and 2019.

Powerleague
Powerleague is an operator of small-sided football centres, with 43 sites across the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands. The company is headquartered in Fitzrovia, London. It also manages amateur sports leagues across the UK through its league operations arm, formerly known as Powerplay, which now operates under the Powerleague brand. These leagues span over 350 locations and include football and netball competitions.

Powerleague has developed a proprietary artificial playing surface known as POWERPITCH™, and introduced an updated version, POWERPITCHPLUS™, in 2023.
Lwini Foundation
The Lwini Foundation is an aid organisation in Angola. Founded by first lady of Angola Ana Paula dos Santos (wife of President José Eduardo dos Santos) as the Lwini Fund on 30 June 1998, it caters to civilian victims of land mines and other disabilities. The foundation's activities include rehabilitation of schools, construction of training centers, and repairing rural villages. In 2010, the name was changed to the current Lwini Foundation.

Ana Paula dos Santos
Ana Paula Cristovão Lemos dos Santos ([ˈɐnɐ ˈpawlɐ ðuʃ ˈsɐ̃tuʃ]; born 17 October 1963) is the widow of former president of Angola, José Eduardo dos Santos. She was Angola's First lady from 1991 to 2017.
2025 Focused Health 250 (Atlanta)
The 2025 Focused Health 250 was the 17th stock car race of the 2025 NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the 5th iteration of the event. After a long red flag delay for lightning strikes, the first two stages of the race were held on Friday, June 27, 2025, with the final stage ending on Saturday, June 28. The race was held at EchoPark Speedway in Hampton, Georgia, a 1.54 miles (2.48 km) permanent asphalt quad-oval shaped intermediate speedway (with superspeedway rules). The race took the scheduled 163 laps to complete.

In a wreck-filled race, Nick Sanchez, driving for Big Machine Racing, would grab the lead on the final restart and held off the rest of the field to earn his first career NASCAR Xfinity Series win. To fill out the podium, Carson Kvapil, driving for JR Motorsports, and Sam Mayer, driving for Haas Factory Team, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Nick Sanchez
Nicholas Anthony Sanchez (born June 10, 2001) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 25 Ford Mustang Dark Horse for AM Racing. He is the 2022 ARCA Menards Series champion.
Love Nights in the Taiga
Love Nights in the Taiga (German: Liebesnächte in der Taiga) is a 1967 West German thriller film directed by Harald Philipp and starring Thomas Hunter, Marie Versini and Stanislav Ledinek. It is also known by the alternative title of Code Name Kill.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Stratil. It is an adaptation of the 1966 novel of the same title by Heinz G. Konsalik.

Robert Stratil
Robert Stratil (1919 – 1976) was a German art director. Born in Ostrava of Sudeten German heritage, he fled Czechoslovakia following World War II and settled in Munich where he worked at the Bavaria Studios.
A Jubilee of Music
A Jubilee of Music is a one-off BBC Television entertainment show lasting 75 minutes, broadcast on 31 December 1976 at 10:30pm on BBC1. The show was produced to celebrate the British music successes of the first 25 years of Elizabeth II's reign, on the eve of 1977, the year of her Silver Jubilee. Some non-British artists (notably Val Doonican and Rolf Harris) also took part, performing their British hits. Choreography for The Young Generation was directed by Nigel Lythgoe. Alyn Ainsworth conducted the BBC Concert Orchestra for the live performances.

Dougie Squires
Douglas William Squires OBE MVO (16 February 1932 – 21 May 2023) was an English choreographer, known best for his work in television from the mid-1950s. He was born in Nottingham.

Squires died on 21 May 2023, at the age of 91.
Duke's Pass
Duke's Pass or Dukes Pass is a pass on the A821 road between Aberfoyle and Brig o' Turk in the glen of the Trossachs in the Scottish Highlands. It climbs to a height of 240 metres (790 ft) above sea level.

The name only appears on modern Ordnance Survey maps, but is in common use locally. The road was built by the Duke of Montrose in 1885, hence the name.

Aberfoyle, Stirling
Aberfoyle (Scottish Gaelic: Obar Phuill) is a village in the historic county and registration county of Perthshire and the council area of Stirling, Scotland. The settlement lies 27 miles (43 kilometres) north of Glasgow.

The parish of Aberfoyle takes its name from this village, and had a population of 1,065 at the 2011 census.
Jeff Gerstmann
Jeff Gerstmann (born August 1, 1975) is an American video game journalist. Former editorial director of the gaming website GameSpot and the co-founder of the gaming website Giant Bomb, Gerstmann began working at GameSpot in the fall of 1996, around the launch of VideoGameSpot when GameSpot split PC and console games into separate areas. He shared his thoughts on a variety of other subjects every Monday on his GameSpot blog before his controversial dismissal from GameSpot in 2007 following a review of Kane & Lynch: Dead Men. In 2012, Complex magazine named Gerstmann in their top 25 biggest celebrities in the video game industry.

Video game journalism
Video game journalism (or video game criticism) is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of video games, typically based on a core "reveal–preview–review" cycle. With the prevalence and rise of independent media online, online publications and blogs have grown.
China Railways HXD3C
The HXD3C (Chinese: 和谐3C型电力机车) is an electric locomotive built in Mainland China by CNR Dalian Locomotives. It is also the first 6-axle dual-service AC electric locomotive in China. It has functions of DC600V train power supply (except HXD3CA) and dual pipe air supply.

Head-end power
In rail transport, head-end power (HEP), also known as electric train supply (ETS), or even known by the name Head-on Generation (HOG) in India, is the electrical power distribution system on a passenger train. The power source, usually a locomotive (or a generator car) at the front or 'head' of a train, provides the electricity used for heating, lighting, electrical and other 'hotel' needs.  The maritime equivalent is hotel electric power. A successful attempt by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in October 1881 to light the passenger cars on the London to Brighton route heralded the beginning of using electricity to light trains in the world.
Queendom Puzzle
Queendom Puzzle (Korean: 퀸덤 퍼즐) is a 2023 South Korean reality competition show created by Mnet. It premiered on Mnet on June 13, 2023, airing every Tuesday at 22:00 KST. The show concluded on August 15, 2023.

The show serves as a spin-off series of Queendom, however it does not share a similar format with the previous seasons, only taking the name of the series.

Cherry Bullet
Cherry Bullet (Korean: 체리블렛; RR: cheri beullet) was a South Korean girl group formed and managed by FNC Entertainment. They debuted on January 21, 2019, with their first single album titled Let's Play Cherry Bullet. The group's final lineup was composed of seven members: Haeyoon, Yuju, Bora, Jiwon, Remi, Chaerin, and May. Originally consisting of ten members, Mirae, Kokoro, and Linlin left the group in December 2019. after five years of group activities, the group disbanded on April 22, 2024 after four out of the seven members terminated their contracts with FNC Entertainment.
Harry Flam
Harry Flam (born 1948) is a professor of international economics at the Institute for International Economic Studies at Stockholm University. During the years of 2004 and 2006, he was Dean of the School of Business at Stockholm University. His main area of research is international trade and European economic integration. He is the father of comedian Aron Flam.

He was chair of the Swedish Fiscal Policy Council in 2017 and 2018. He wrote a chapter for the book Leva livet: Hälsa, mat och välmående för andra halvan av livet, which was published in 2020. As of 2024, Flam was a professor emeritus of Stockholm University.

Institute for International Economic Studies
The Institute for International Economic Studies (IIES) is a Swedish research institute at Stockholm University, founded in the early 1960s. The main objective is to produce outstanding research for publication in leading international journals. The faculty at IIES consists of 18 full time researchers and publishes on around 4 papers in the top five economics journals each year.

Scholars from the IIES have received a number of international awards, such as the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and the Yrjö Jahnsson Award. Among many other honors, two IIES scholars have been elected Presidents of the European Economic Association, one elected President of the Econometric Society, three elected Foreign Honorary Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and six elected members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. A number of IIES scholars hold positions on the Editorial boards of top international journals.
De Rosa (band)
De Rosa were a Scottish rock band from Bellshill. They consisted of Martin Henry (vocals, guitar), Chris Connick (guitar), James Woodside (bass), Neil Woodside (drums) and Andrew Bush (piano/keyboards). The band released three studio albums—Mend, Prevention, and Weem.

Rock Action Records
Rock Action Records is a Scottish, Glasgow-based independent record label, founded and maintained by Scottish band Mogwai. The label has showcased such diverse talents as Part Chimp, Errors, Chris Brokaw, Trout, The James Orr Complex and Kling Klang, has licensed music for UK release from Torche, Envy, Afrirampo and Growing, and in the past represented Papa M and The Zephyrs. As of 2010, Mogwai have released their own records on the label in the UK and Europe.
Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis
The Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS) is a research facility of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Karlsruhe, Germany. It was founded on 1 July 1995 as successor of different institutions. ITAS came into being after a merger of the University of Karlsruhe (TH) and Research Center Karlsruhe on 1 October 2009. The institute is also a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HGF).

ITAS is the largest and longest standing scientific institution in Germany dealing with technology assessment (TA) and systems analysis in theory and practice. Today, more than 110 researchers work at ITAS. Since 1990 it operates the Office of Technology Assessment at the German Bundestag (TAB). Since 1992 it is publishing a journal on technology assessment (Technikfolgenabschätzung – Theorie und Praxis). Since October 1999 it is headed by Armin Grunwald.

Technology assessment
Technology assessment (TA, German: Technikfolgenabschätzung, French: Évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques) is a practical process of determining the value of a new or emerging technology in and of itself or against existing technologies. This is a means of assessing and rating the new technology from the time when it was first developed to the time when it is potentially accepted by the public and authorities for further use. In essence, TA could be defined as "a form of policy research that examines short- and long term consequences (for example, societal, economic, ethical, legal) of the application of technology."
MKS X/Server
MKS X/Server, a  commercial X server developed by MKS Inc., allows users to access Unix/Linux systems from a PC computers which run a Microsoft Windows operating system. The product offers both a full 32-bit X server and a native 64-bit X server (for x64 based systems) that operate on various versions of Microsoft Windows.

MKS Inc.
MKS, Inc (formerly called Mortice Kern Systems) is a subsidiary of PTC, Inc. It was previously a multinational independent software vendor that was acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation (now PTC) on May 31, 2011. MKS operated in the Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) and Systems Administration market segments.

Integrity, a PTC Product manages systems and software development processes and connects engineering artifacts, including requirements, models, code and test, ensuring comprehensive lifecycle traceability.

PTC's Integrity Business Unit supports customers across these four core industries: Automotive, Aerospace & Defense, High Tech Electronics and Medical Devices.
Modal fictionalism
Modal fictionalism is a term used in philosophy, and more specifically in the metaphysics of modality, to describe the position that holds that modality can be analysed in terms of a fiction about possible worlds. The theory comes in two versions: strong and timid. Both positions were first exposed by Gideon Rosen, starting from 1990.

Possible world
A possible world is a complete and consistent way the world is or could have been. Possible worlds are widely used as a formal device in logic, philosophy, and linguistics in order to provide a semantics for intensional and modal logic. Their metaphysical status has been a subject of controversy in philosophy, with modal realists such as David Lewis arguing that there are literally existing alternate realities, and others such as Robert Stalnaker arguing that alternate realities do not exist.
2025 International Bernese Ladies Cup
The 2025 International Bernese Ladies Cup was held from January 23 to 26 at Curling Bern in Bern, Switzerland as part of the World Curling Tour. The event was held in a round-robin format with a purse of 20,000 CHF.

In an all-Swiss final, Silvana Tirinzoni and her team from Aarau beat Xenia Schwaller's Zurich rink 3–1. Tirinzoni, with Alina Pätz, Carole Howald and Selina Witschonke, stole points in the fifth and eighth ends to seal the win after Schwaller's final draw came up short. To reach the final, Team Tirinzoni finished 4–1 through the round robin and won playoff games over Sweden's Isabella Wranå and Scotland's Fay Henderson. For Schwaller, they qualified for the playoffs with an unblemished 5–0 record and beat Team Constantini in the quarterfinals and Corrie Hürlimann in the semifinals. Team Morrison of Scotland and Team Kubešková of Czech Republic rounded out the playoff field.

Carole Howald
Carole Howald (born 29 March 1993 in Langenthal) is a Swiss curler from Langenthal. She is a six-time women's world champion, winning five titles as alternate and one as second in 2023. She currently plays second on Team Silvana Tirinzoni. With team Tirinzoni, she won the silver medal at 2026 Winter Olympics.
The Crimea (band)
The Crimea were a British indie band, formed in 2002 and based in Camden, London. The Guardian has described the Crimea's songs as "mini-epics" that reduce frontman Davey MacManus to "spasms of jerking anguish". The Crimea released three studio albums over 11 years, finally disbanding in 2013.

Annie Mac
Annie Macmanus (born 18 July 1978), known professionally as Annie Mac, is an Irish DJ, broadcaster and writer. She hosted a variety of shows on BBC Radio 1, including BBC Switch and Future Sounds. She also DJed in various locations, including hosting her AMP (Annie Mac Presents) Lost and Found venues in places like Ibiza.
Melbourne Opera
Melbourne Opera was founded in 2002 as a charitable not-for-profit company dedicated to producing opera and associated art forms in Melbourne, Australia. With philanthropic assistance it has also toured to outer-suburban and regional Victorian theatres, as well as to Canberra and Hobart interstate. Despite receiving no government funding since its foundation, the company mounts between three and five main stage productions each year. Its principal rehearsal and performance home is the Athenaeum Theatre.

Melbourne Opera is the business and trading name of South East Regional Touring Opera Ltd. The corporate name was changed on 1 June 2007 to reflect the company's much expanded geographical scope.

Melbourne Athenaeum
The Athenaeum or Melbourne Athenaeum at 188 Collins Street is an art and cultural hub in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1839, it is the city's oldest cultural institution.

Its building on Collins Street in the East End Theatre District sits opposite the Regent Theatre, and currently consists of a main theatre, a smaller studio theatre, a restaurant and a subscription library. It has also served as a mechanics' institute, an art exhibition space, and a cinema.
VMA-223
Marine Attack Squadron 223 (VMA-223) is a United States Marine Corps fixed wing attack squadron that consists of McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II (V/STOL)  jets. The squadron is based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).  The squadron uses "Stone" as its radio callsign.

Marine Attack Squadron (VMA)-223 was one of four AV-8B Harrier squadrons assigned to MAG-14, 2nd MAW.  As the Harrier is being retired from the Marine Corps, all of the Harrier squadrons have or will transition to the  F-35B. (As of May 2025, VMA-223 is the last remaining Marine Corps Harrier squadron.)

Marine Aircraft Group 14
Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14) is a United States Marine Corps aviation unit based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina that is currently composed of one AV-8B Harrier squadron, two F-35B squadrons, one F-35C squadron, one UAV training squadron, one KC-130 squadron, and an aviation logistics squadron.
Gieraszowice
Gieraszowice [ɡʲɛraʂɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Łoniów, 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 67 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Łoniów
Gmina Łoniów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Łoniów, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of Sandomierz and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 86.99 square kilometres (33.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,513 (7,542 in 2013).
Lexham English Bible
The Lexham English Bible (LEB) is an online Bible released by Logos Bible Software; no printed copy is available. The New Testament was published in October 2010 and has an audio narration spoken by Marv Allen. It lists as General Editor W. Hall Harris, III. The Old Testament translation was completed in 2011.

At its release, the LEB included only the New Testament and was simultaneously offered for free use to Logos users as well as other popular software suites, including freeware such as e-Sword and The SWORD Project. These were later updated to include the Old Testament. It can also be accessed in its entirety on websites listed below. The LEB is available under a very permissive license which allows royalty-free commercial and non-commercial use.

W. Hall Harris III
W. Hall Harris III (born 1952) is an American scholar who is the editor of two modern freely-licensed bible translations, the NET Bible  and the Lexham English Bible, and was a contributor to the New American Standard Bible 1995 Update.  Harris encourages the use of software and web resources for biblical study and teaching.  The NET Bible, begun in 1995, was intended as the first freely-available online Bible.
4th Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery/Royal Malta Artillery
The 4th Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery/Royal Malta Artillery was a composite unit of the Royal Artillery (RA) and Royal Malta Artillery (RMA) formed on Malta during the Siege of the island in World War II. As well as RA and RMA subunits, it also included a contingent of searchlight (S/L) operators from the Royal Engineers (RE), and was initially commanded by an RE officer.

Carmarthenshire Fortress Royal Engineers
The Carmarthenshire Fortress Royal Engineers (CFRE) was a coast defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army formed after World War I. In World War II, it provided an anti-aircraft searchlight unit that served during the early part of The Blitz, and then during the Siege of Malta.