hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bellum Jugurthinum
The Bellum Jugurthinum, also known as the De Bello Iugurthino, is a historical monograph by the Roman historian Sallust, initially published around 41 BCE. It is considered the most extensive historical source chronicling the events of the Jugurthine War between the Roman Republic and Numidia, led by King Jugurtha. Similarly to the earlier Bellum Catilinae, the Bellum Jugurthinum criticizes corruption in ancient Rome, describing how Jugurtha was able to repeatedly bribe Roman officials during the war, and arguing that this was indicative of a broader moral decline in the late republic.

Jugurthine War
The Jugurthine War (Latin: Bellum Iugurthinum; 111–105 BC) was an armed conflict between the Roman Republic and King Jugurtha of Numidia, a kingdom on the north African coast roughly corresponding to modern-day Algeria. Jugurtha was the nephew and adopted son of Micipsa, king of Numidia, whom he succeeded to the throne; he had done so by overcoming his rivals through assassination, war, and bribery.

Following Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia, a loyal ally of Rome since the Punic Wars, Rome felt compelled to intervene. The war constituted an important phase in the Roman subjugation of Northern Africa and the rise of the empire, but Numidia did not become a Roman province until 46 BC.
Mount Vernon High School (Ohio)
Mount Vernon High School is a public four-year high school located in Mount Vernon, Ohio, United States.  It is the only high school in the Mount Vernon City Schools district.  The school's mascot is the Yellow Jacket, and its official colors are orange and black. The mascot is actually orange and black rather than yellow and black, due to copyright reasons. It is located at 300 Martinsburg Road, near State Route 586. Mount Vernon Middle School is the only one in the district near the high school.  Also nearby is Mount Vernon Nazarene University MVNU and the Knox County Career Center (KCCC) and Technical Center.

Mount Vernon is currently a member of the Licking County League

Mount Vernon, Ohio
Mount Vernon is a city in Knox County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located along the Kokosing River, 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Columbus. The population was 16,956 at the 2020 census.
WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy
WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy is a 2011 book by British journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding. It is an account of Julian Assange, WikiLeaks, and the leak by Chelsea Manning of classified material to the website in 2010. It was published by Guardian Books in February 2011.

Along with other sources, portions were adapted for the 2013 film The Fifth Estate.

David Leigh (journalist)
David Leigh is a British journalist and writer who was the investigations editor of The Guardian and is the author of Investigative Journalism: a survival guide. He officially retired in April 2013, although Leigh continued his association with the newspaper.

In 1977 Leigh exposed to the public the existence of the Information Research Department (IRD), a secret British government propaganda department and one of the largest covert anti-communist propaganda organisations in history. This expose led to further discoveries including the existence of Orwell's list, smear attacks against British trade unionists, and British propaganda operations in Korea, India, Malaya, Indonesia, Cyprus and Ireland.
Okohia
Okohia is a community in the Isiala Mbano Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria, at an altitude of about 211 m.

Okohia lies on the Imo River, a tributary of the Niger River, which creates a natural coastline of sandy beaches, mangrove swamps, lagoons and coastal hills.  
The official language is Igbo. The majority of the population are Christians, while others follow traditional beliefs.

At the time of the Nigerian Civil War, Okohia was part of Okigwe Division. The Administrator was Col. Samuel Onunaka Mbakwe, who later become the first democratic Governor of Imo State.
Okohia is the birthplace of Ikedi Ohakim, who became governor of Imo State in May 2007.

Ikedi Ohakim
Ikedi Ohakim // ⓘ (born 4 August 1957) is a Nigerian businessman who became governor of Imo State in the South Eastern region in May 2007, standing for the Progressive Peoples Alliance (PPA).
He later switched to the People's Democratic Party (PDP).
Cochise, Arizona
Cochise is an unincorporated community located in Cochise County, Arizona, United States.  The city was created alongside the Southern Pacific Railroad in the 1880s.  The city was primarily a stop for coal and water which were needed for trains at the time.  At its peak, the town had a population of approximately 3,000 people.  Today, only 50 people still live in Cochise.  The town is also home to several historic locations. In 1899, Big Nose Kate, the famed sidekick of Doc Holliday, lived in Cochise while she was working at the Cochise Hotel after Holliday's death.

Cochise has the ZIP Code of 85606; in 2000, the population of the 85606 ZCTA was 1,592.

Big Nose Kate
Mary Katherine Horony Cummings (November 7, 1849 – November 2, 1940), popularly known as Big Nose Kate, was a Hungarian-born American outlaw, gambler, prostitute and longtime companion and common-law wife of Old West gambler and gunfighter Doc Holliday. "Tough, stubborn and fearless", she was educated, but chose to work as a prostitute due to the independence it provided her. She is the only woman with whom Holliday is known to have had a relationship.
Edward Francis Bruen
Admiral Edward Francis Bruen, CB (7 November 1866 – 22 November 1952) was a Royal Navy officer.

Admiral Bruen was the son of the Irish Conservative politician Henry Bruen. He entered HMS Britannia as a cadet in 1880.

Bruen commanded the battleship HMS Bellerophon from 1913 to 1916, in which he took part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Later that year, he took command of the new battleship HMS Resolution.

He was Director of Naval Equipment from 1920 to 1922.

Department of the Director of Naval Equipment
The Department of the Director of Naval Equipment  also known as the Directorate of Naval Equipment was the former British Admiralty department responsible for managing the progress of all naval construction at royal naval dockyards, and annually planning programmes of works for additions, alterations, repairs and modernisation established in 1912 until 1960 when it was replaced by the Naval Equipment Division of the Ship Department.
Jääsjärvi
Jääsjärvi (Finnish: [ˈjæːsˌjærʋi]; lit. 'ice lake') is a medium-sized lake of Finland. It is located in the Hartola and Joutsa municipalities, in the Central Finland and Päijät-Häme regions. The water quality in the lake is excellent. The river Tainionvirta has its source in Jääsjärvi and flows through several smaller lakes to Päijänne. The water in Jääsjärvi is bright. The lake is part of the Sysmä catchment area and Kymijoki main catchment area.

There are dozens of islands in the lake. The biggest are Vehkasalo, Hirtesalo, Kotisalo, Ohrasaari, Urrionsaari, and Nautsalo. Vehkasalo, Hirtesalo, and Ohrasaari have roads connecting them to the mainland.

In winter time, the lake typically freezes.

Joutsa
Joutsa is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Central Finland region. Jyväskylä is located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of the Joutsa municipality.

The municipality has a population of 4,097
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 1,066.42 square kilometres (411.75 sq mi) of
which 199.25 km2 (76.93 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
4.73 inhabitants per square kilometre (12.3/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The municipality of Leivonmäki was consolidated with Joutsa on January 1, 2008.

Sahti culture in Joutsa is known by Joutsan sahti.
Cerro Chirripó
Cerro Chirripó is the highest mountain in Costa Rica, with an elevation of 3,821 meters (12,536 feet). It is part of the Cordillera de Talamanca, and the mountain range's highest point. It is located in Chirripó National Park and is noted for its ecological wealth.

Mount Chirripó is very tall relative to its surroundings, evidenced by its particularly high topographic prominence of 3,727 m (12,228 ft). This makes it the 37th most prominent peak in the world. On clear days it is possible to see across the country from the Pacific Ocean to the Caribbean Sea.

San Gerardo de Rivas
San Gerardo de Rivas is a small village (population less than 400) high up in the valley of the Chirripó Pacífico river in the Talamanca Mountains of south central Costa Rica. It is 20 kilometers northeast of San Isidro de El General, which is the second-largest city in San José Province.
Western Massachusetts
42°20′N 72°50′W﻿ / ﻿42.333°N 72.833°W﻿ / 42.333; -72.833

Western Massachusetts, known colloquially as "Western Mass," is a region in Massachusetts, one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States. Western Massachusetts has diverse topography; 22 colleges and universities including UMass in Amherst, MA, with approximately 100,000 students; and such institutions as Tanglewood, the Springfield Armory, and Jacob's Pillow.

The western part of western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains, where there are several vacation resorts. The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley, which has a number of university towns, the major city Springfield, and numerous agricultural hamlets. In the eastern part of the area, the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation.

Westfield, Massachusetts
Westfield is a city in Hampden County, in the Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts, United States. Westfield was first settled by Europeans in 1660. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 40,834 at the 2020 census.
Azerbaijan Thermal Power Plant
Azerbaijan Thermal Power Plant is an oil-fired power plant consisting of 8 units, each with 300 MW generation capacity, at Mingachevir, in central Azerbaijan. The units were inaugurated step by step from 1981 and 1990 and were built by Taganrog (boiler), LMZ Russia (turbine) and Electrosila (generator). Qarabag Canal is the source of cooling water.

The chimneys of the plant are 320 metres tall.

Mingachevir
Mingachevir (Azerbaijani: Mingəçevir (listen)ⓘ) is the fourth largest city in Azerbaijan with a population of about 106,000. It is often called the "city of lights" because of its hydroelectric power station on the Kura River, which divides the city down the middle.

The current city was founded in 1948, partly by German prisoners of war captured during World War II. Mingechevir is also home to Mingachevir Polytechnic Institute. The city forms an administrative division of Azerbaijan. The district is located 323 km from the capital Baku and 17 km from the Baku-Tbilisi railway. Geographically, the region is located in the center of the republic on both sides of the Kura River.
Texas Education Agency
The Texas Education Agency (TEA) is the branch of the government of Texas responsible for public education in Texas in the United States. The agency is headquartered in the William B. Travis State Office Building in downtown Austin. Mike Morath, formerly a member of the Dallas Independent School District's board of trustees, was appointed commissioner of education by Texas governor Greg Abbott on December 14, 2015, and began serving on January 4, 2016. The commissioner is also supported by a hierarchy of Chief Deputy Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, associate commissioners and agency staff.

Government of Texas
The government of Texas operates under the Constitution of Texas and consists of a unitary democratic state government operating under a presidential system that uses the Dillon Rule, as well as governments at the county and municipal levels.

Austin is the capital of Texas. The State Capitol resembles the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., but is faced in Texas pink granite and is topped by a statue of the "Goddess of Liberty" holding aloft a five-point Texas star. The capitol is also notable for purposely being built seven feet taller than the U.S. national capitol.
Porto (Assembly of the Republic constituency)
Porto is one of the 22 multi-member constituencies of the Assembly of the Republic, the national legislature of Portugal. The constituency was established in 1976 when the Assembly of the Republic was established by the constitution following the restoration of democracy. It is conterminous with the district of Porto. The constituency currently elects 40 of the 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic using the closed party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2024 legislative election it had 1,591,760 registered electors.

Catarina Martins
Catarina Soares Martins (born 7 September 1973) is a Portuguese politician and actress. She was the national coordinator of the Left Bloc from 11 November 2012 until 28 May 2023, and has been a member of the Assembly of the Republic for the Left Bloc since 2009. She trained as a linguist and is active in theater.

Martins was elected a Member of the European Parliament in the 2024 European election, and is expected to be sworn-in in the upcoming Tenth European Parliament.
Caity Lotz
Caity Lotz (born December 30, 1986) is an American actress, dancer, and singer. She has portrayed Stephanie Horton in the AMC series Mad Men, Officer Kirsten Landry in the MTV mockumentary series Death Valley (2011), Annie Barlow in The Pact (2012), and Sara Lance/The Canary/White Canary in The CW's Arrowverse television franchise.

Murder of Moriah Wilson
On the night of May 11, 2022, professional cyclist Anna Moriah "Mo" Wilson was fatally shot by Kaitlin Marie Armstrong at a friend's home in Austin, Texas. Armstrong, a yoga instructor and licensed Realtor, committed the crime out of jealousy triggered by Wilson's romantic encounter with her on-and-off boyfriend, pro cyclist Colin Strickland. Prior to her conviction, Armstrong had made flight attempts both as a wanted person and as a detainee: she spent 43 days at large until her capture in Costa Rica, where authorities said she had used different names and changed her appearance to set up a new life.  Over a year later, she attempted to flee from custody on the eve of her trial.
Family Secret (TV series)
Family Secret (Korean: 가족의 비밀) is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Shin Eun-kyung, Kim Seung-soo, Cha Hwa-yeon, and Ryu Tae-joon. It is the South Korean adaptation of the 2009 Chilean telenovela ¿Dónde está Elisa?. It aired on tvN, premiering on October 27, 2014 on Mondays to Thursdays at 21:40 (KST).

Ryu Hyo-young
Ryu Hyo-young  (born April 22, 1993), better known by the mononym Hyoyoung or Jung Woo-yeon, is a South Korean actress, model, and rapper. She was a member of the South Korean co-ed group Coed School and the girl group F-ve Dolls.
Ralph Ardern
Ralph Ardern, or Ralph de Ardern (c. 1374 – c. 1420), was Member of Parliament for Worcestershire from March 1406. He was the son of Henry de Ardern who had previously held the seat in November 1381. He died sometime before 28 October 1420.

He was a Deputy High Sheriff of Worcestershire from 4 November 1404 to 27 November 1405.

Some time between the death of his father, Henry de Ardern in 1382 and the death of his mother in 1408 Ralph Ardern inherited the manors of Little Inkberrow and Wyke Sapy in Worcestershire and Barcheston, Park Hall near Castle Bromwich, Peddimore and property at Curdworth and Sutton Coldfield in Warwickshire.

In 1409 he granted land at Crofton Hackett to a John Richards.

Little Inkberrow
Little Inkberrow is a village in Worcestershire, England.

Ralph Ardern inherited the Worcestershire manor of Little Inkberrow  between 1382 (the death of his father, Henry de Ardern) and 1408 (the death of his mother).
Smith & Wesson Model 52
The Smith & Wesson Model 52, sometimes referred to as the 38 Master, is a semi-automatic pistol developed by Smith & Wesson for Bullseye shooting. It was one of the first semiautomatic pistols chambered in the rimmed .38 Special with flush-seated, full wadcutter bullets. The shape of the rimmed cartridge limited the magazine capacity to five rounds. A variant, known as the Model 952, in 9x19mm Parabellum, is still produced in limited quantities by Smith & Wesson's Performance Center. The Model 52 was discontinued in 1993 when the machinery to manufacture the pistol broke down and it was deemed too costly to replace.

Wadcutter
A wadcutter is a special-purpose flat-fronted bullet specifically designed for shooting paper targets, usually at close range and at subsonic velocities typically under approximately 270 metres per second (890 ft/s).  Wadcutters have also found favor for use in self-defense guns, such as .38 caliber snubnosed revolvers, due to shorter barrel lengths, lower bullet velocities, and improved lethality. Wadcutters are often used in handgun and airgun competitions.
County of Mansilla
The title of Count of Mansilla (Conde de Mansilla) originates from the 17th century. The first Count of Mansilla was Antonio Campuzano y Riva Herrera in 1689. Successive Counts have been involved in Spanish politics, especially during the 20th century. One member of the Campuzano family was in exile with the Count of Barcelona in Estoril, when the Count of Barcelona was forced to remain away from Spain after the Spanish Civil War. One of the Counts of Mansilla's brothers fought alongside the Nationalist forces in the civil war, dying in the Battle of the Ebro.

The family estate is located in the province of Santander; however, the title originates from a town in the province of León known as Mansilla de las Mulas.

Mansilla de las Mulas
Mansilla de las Mulas (Spanish pronunciation: [manˈsiʎa ðe las ˈmulas]), Mansiella in Leonese language, is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2024 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,663 inhabitants.

The town is on the French Way, the most popular path of the Camino de Santiago. The medieval bridge over the Esla River is an essential crossing point for the pilgrims leaving Mansilla de las Mulas on their way to León.

Museum of the Leonese Peoples is erected over the archaeological remains of the former convent of San Agustín of Mansilla de las Mulas. It guards over 8,000 ethnographic pieces.
Boogie-Doodle
Boogie-Doodle is a 1940 drawn-on-film visual music short by Norman McLaren, set to the boogie-woogie music of African-American jazz pianist Albert Ammons.

Though released by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) in 1941, Boogie-Doodle was actually made by McLaren in New York City in 1940, a year before he was invited by John Grierson to Canada to found the NFB's animation unit. McLaren, who had been influenced by the hand-painted films of Len Lye, was in New York exploring the technique on a grant from the Solomon Guggenheim Foundation, creating Boogie-Doodle along with three other cameraless films: Dots, Loops and Stars and Stripes.

The animation in Boogie-Doodle coincides exactly with Ammon's musical piece, with McLaren's animation beginning at the very first bar and concluding at the final note.

John Grierson
John Grierson CBE (26 April 1898 – 19 February 1972) was a Scottish filmmaker, film theorist, and critic, often considered the father of British and Canadian documentary film. In 1926, Grierson coined the term "documentary" in a review of Robert J. Flaherty's Moana. In 1939, Grierson established the all-time Canadian film institutional production and distribution company The National Film Board of Canada controlled by the Government of Canada.
Red Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
Red Sulphur Springs is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, West Virginia, United States. It once boasted the Red Sulphur Springs Hotel. Red Sulphur Springs is located on West Virginia Route 12, close to Indian Creek.

Red Sulphur Springs Hotel
The Red Sulphur Springs Hotel was a spring resort in Red Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. It held a social event every evening. When residents died there, to avoid compromising its reputation, bodies were secretly taken to a cemetery about two miles away, where many of the grave markers have no name. The hotel opened in 1832 and closed in 1917; the last event held there was a dance. At one time Martin Van Buren, the president of the United States, visited the hotel, which was once owned by Levi Morton, Vice President under Benjamin Harrison. After its closure in 1917, the hotel was dismantled and only a small, concrete base remains where the pavilion once stood.
São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon
São Vicente de Fora (English: Saint Vincent Outside the Walls) is a former parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. At the administrative reorganization of Lisbon on 8 December 2012 it became part of the parish São Vicente. It has a total area of 0.31 km2 and total population of 4,267 inhabitants (2001); density: 13,853.9 inhabitants/km2.

São Vicente, Lisbon
São Vicente (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w viˈsẽtɨ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in the historic center of Lisbon, São Vicente is to the east of Santa Maria Maior, south of Arroios, and west of Penha de França. São Vicente is home to numerous historic neighborhoods, including Alfama. The population in 2021 was 13,956, for a population density of 7,013.1 inhabitants per km2 on an area of 1.99 square kilometers
Bakhmatovskoye
Bakhmatovskoye (Russian: Бахматовское) is a salt lake in Aleysky District, Altai Krai, Russian Federation.

The lake lies roughly in the middle of the Krai. The nearest towns are Voronikha to the north and Borovskoye, formerly known as Bakhmatovo, located near the southern lakeshore. Aleysk, the district capital, lies 42 kilometers (26 mi) to the southeast.

Aleysky District
Aleysky District (Russian: Але́йский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the center of the krai. The area of the district is 3,400 square kilometers (1,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Aleysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  16,800 (2010 census); 20,474 (2002 census); 21,510 (1989 Soviet census).
Laoudi-Ba
Laoudi-Ba is a town in north-eastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Bondoukou Department in Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Laoudi-Ba was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Laoudi-Ba was 56,882.

Bondoukou Department
Bondoukou Department is a department of Gontougo Region in Zanzan District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 453,841 and its seat is the settlement of Bondoukou. The sub-prefectures of the department are Appimandoum, Bondo, Bondoukou, Gouméré, Laoudi-Ba, Pinda-Boroko, Sapli-Sépingo, Sorobango, Tabagne, Tagadi, Taoudi, and Yézimala. It is the easternmost department of Ivory Coast.