hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyponastic response
In plant biology, the hyponastic response is a nastic movement characterized by an upward bending of leaves or other plant parts, resulting from accelerated growth of the lower side of the petiole in comparison to its upper part. This can be observed in many terrestrial plants and is linked to the plant hormone ethylene.
The plant’s root senses the water excess and produces 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid which then is converted into ethylene, regulating this process.

Submerged plants often show a hyponastic response, where the upward bending of the leaves and the elongation of the petioles might help the plant to restore normal gas exchange with the atmosphere.

Plants that are exposed to elevated ethylene levels in experimental set-ups also show a hyponastic response.

Plant hormone
Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and reproductive development. Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. Went and Thimann coined the term "phytohormone" and used it in the title of their 1937 book.

Phytohormones occur across the plant kingdom, and even in algae, where they have similar functions to those seen in vascular plants ("higher plants"). Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites.
Redwater, Alberta
Redwater is a town in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region of Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by Sturgeon County. It is located on Highway 38, approximately 52 km (32 mi) north of Edmonton. Its population was 2,053 in the 2016 census, while the town's municipal census conducted in 2012 counted a population of 2,116.

Alberta Highway 38
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 38, commonly referred to as Highway 38, is a 25 km (16 mi) east–west highway in central Alberta, Canada. It extends from Highway 28 in Redwater to a 'T' junction with Highway 45 north of Bruderheim.
Vyasarpadi
Vyasarpadi  is a neighbourhood of Chennai, India. It is located within Chennai district. The neighbourhood is served by station, one of the oldest stations in South India. The first train to Arcot started from this station. The old ruins still remain 200 metres away from the current station as a cabin room. This place acts as the junction and four rail routes branch from here. The Southern line goes to Chennai Central. The Eastern line goes to Chennai Beach. The Northern line goes to Korukupet further proceeding to Gudur. The Western line goes to Perambur further proceeding to Arakkonam.

The station is named Vyasarpadi Jeeva, after veteran socialist leader Jeevanandam and in memory of his presence in Vyasarpadi.

P. Jeevanandham
P. Jeevanandham (21 August 1907 – 18 January 1963), also called Jeeva, was a social reformer, political leader, litterateur and one of the pioneers of the Communist and socialist movements in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.

He was not only a socio-political leader, but was also a cultural theoretician, an excellent orator, journalist and critic; and above all,  a relentless fighter for the deprived. A down-to-earth person with a clean record in public life, Jeevanandham was held in high esteem by ordinary people.
Dick Elliott (politician)
Dick Elliott (September 26, 1935 – June 7, 2014) was a Democratic member of the South Carolina Senate, representing the 28th District since 1992. He was previously a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1982 through 1992. He went to Wingate Junior College, now Wingate University, and to Clemson University. Elliott was a real estate developer. In 1959, he founded Elliott Realty, a real estate company. In 1971, he developed Eagle Nest Golf Course. He served on the Horry County, South Carolina Council and the North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina City Council.

Wingate University
Wingate University is a private university with campuses in Wingate and Hendersonville, North Carolina, United States. The university enrolls more than 3,450 students and offers 37 undergraduate majors as well as 7 master's and 5 doctoral degrees. Academic programs are housed in the Cannon College of Arts and Sciences; the Levine College of Health Sciences; the Byrum School of Business; and the College of Professional Studies, which includes the Thayer School of Education and the School of Sport Sciences.

The university was originally affiliated with the Baptist State Convention of North Carolina. Although it is no longer affiliated with the Baptist convention, the university's materials identify it as promoting "Judeo-Christian principles" and there is no faith requirement for admission to, or employment at, the university.
Carrie Dobro
Carrie Dobro is an American actress. She is best known for her leading role as Dureena Nafeel in the Babylon 5 feature-length film A Call to Arms and its short-lived spin-off TV series Crusade. Carrie played the character of Kulai on the ABC TV series  Hypernauts. She has also guest starred on numerous other television shows such as Beverly Hills, 90210, Nightstand, Townies, Silk Stalkings, and The Young and the Restless.

She played Jenna Stannis in the new Blake's 7 audio plays.

Hypernauts
Hypernauts is a proof of concept show produced by Foundation Imaging and Netter Digital Entertainment. To further prove that the computer-generated imagery and visual effects created in Babylon 5 were easily applied to other venues, the Hypernauts were born. ABC purchased thirteen episodes of the show from DIC Productions, L.P., eight of which ran on Saturday mornings for a single season in 1996 at 10:00 AM. ABC decided not to pick up the series for a second season, and did not air the five remaining episodes. The show was created and produced by Ron Thornton and Douglas Netter, its executive story editor was Christy Marx, who also wrote four episodes. Marx had previously written for both Babylon 5 and Captain Power. Another series writer was Katherine Lawrence who was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award due to her script for Ice Bound.
Tom Pratt (baseball)
Thomas Jefferson Pratt (January 26, 1844 – September 28, 1908) was an American professional baseball player who played for the Philadelphia Athletics. He played in one game for the Athletics on October 18, 1871, getting two hits in six at-bats. Pratt, along with Elvio Jiménez and Clarence Dow, are the only players to have six at-bats in their only MLB game.
Prior to his brief professional career, he played with the old Brooklyn Atlantics in the 1860s. He had an extensive career as an umpire after retiring as a player.

Brooklyn Atlantics
The Atlantic Base Ball Club of Brooklyn ("Atlantic" or the "Brooklyn Atlantics") was baseball's first champion and its first dynasty. The team was also the first baseball club to visit the White House in 1865 at the invitation of President Andrew Johnson.
Real Ferdinando Bridge
The catenary suspension bridge of Real Ferdinando or the Ferdinandeo Bridge over the River Garigliano was the first iron catenary suspension bridge built in Italy, and one of the earliest in continental Europe. This bridge, which was technologically advanced for its age, was built in 1832 by the Bourbon Kingdom of Two Sicilies. The engineer who designed the bridge was Luigi Giura.

Luigi Giura
Luigi Giura (14 October 1795 – 1 October 1864) was an Italian engineer and architect of Albanian origin.

Giura was the Inspector of the Corps of Bridges and Roads of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Giura is most famous for the design and construction of the second suspension bridge in Europe, the first in continental Europe, in 1832.
Arbogast (magister militum)
Arbogast or Arbogastes (died 8 September 394) was a Roman army officer of Frankish origin. He won distinction in the service of the emperor Gratian, and was subsequently entrusted by Theodosius I with the guardianship of the underage Valentinian II. After the death of Valentinian under suspicious circumstances, and the subsequent  elevation of Eugenius to Augustus of the Western Roman Empire by Arbogast,  a civil war ensued in which both Eugenius and Arbogast perished.

Magnus Maximus
Magnus Maximus (Classical Latin: [ˈmaːgnus ˈmaːksimus]; died 28 August 388) was Roman emperor in the West from 383 to 388. He usurped the throne from emperor Gratian.

Born in Gallaecia, he served as an officer in Britain under Theodosius the Elder during the Great Conspiracy. In 383, he was proclaimed emperor in Britannia, and in Gaul the next year, while Gratian's brother Valentinian II retained Italy, Pannonia, Hispania, and Africa. In 387, Maximus's ambitions led him to invade Italy, resulting in his defeat by Theodosius I at the Battle of Poetovio in 388. In the view of some historians, his death marked the end of direct imperial presence in Northern Gaul and Britannia.
Old Quebec
Old Quebec (French: Vieux-Québec, pronounced [vjø kebɛk]) is a historic neighbourhood of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Comprising the Upper Town (French: Haute-Ville) and Lower Town (French: Basse-Ville), the area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Administratively, Old Quebec is part of the Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire district in the borough of La Cité-Limoilou.

The area is commonly referred to as "the Old City" or "Quebec's Old City" in English. It is sometimes referred to as the Latin Quarter (French: Quartier latin) as well, although this title refers more to area around the Séminaire de Québec, the original site of Laval University.

Université Laval
Université Laval is a public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The university traces its roots to the Séminaire de Québec, founded by François de Montmorency-Laval in 1663, making it the oldest institution of higher education in Canada and the first North American institution to offer higher education in French. The university, which was founded in Old Québec, moved to a new campus in the 1950s in the suburban borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge. It is ranked among the top 10 Canadian universities in research funding and holds four Canada Excellence Research Chairs.
Matt Wu
Matt Wu Chung-tien (Chinese: 吳中天; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô͘ Tiong-thian; born July 5, 1981) is a Taiwanese actor, film director and screenwriter.

His short film Stairway (四十三階) won Best Asian Short Film Award at the 19th Busan International Film Festival in 2014.

19th Busan International Film Festival
The 19th Busan International Film Festival was held in South Korea from October 2 to October 11, 2014, and was hosted by Ken Watanabe and Moon So-ri. A total of 312 films from 79 countries were screened with total attendance of 226,473. Hong Kong director Ann Hui receives the Asian Filmmaker of the Year award. The closing film was Gangster Payday.
Bhurakui
Bhurakui is a village in Anand district in the Indian State of Gujarat. The town is off the main road connecting Borsad to Tarapur. Nearby towns are Tarapur, Dharmaj, Bochasan, Vadadala. The nearest railway is at Bochasan and the nearest airport is Vadodara Airport.

As of the 2011 Census of India, the population is 2,917, with 1,529 males and 1,388 females.

Anand district
Anand district is an administrative district of Gujarat state in western India and whose popular nickname is Charotar.  It was carved out of the Kheda district in 1997. Anand is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is bounded by Kheda District to the north, Vadodara District to the east, Ahmedabad District to the west, and the Gulf of Khambhat to the south. Major towns are Umreth, Khambhat, Tarapur, Petlad, Borsad and Sojitra.
Hvalur 9
Hvalur 9 is an Icelandic whaling ship built in 1952 in Norway. It has been a part of the Icelandic whaling fleet operated and owned by the company Hvalur hf. since 1966.

In 1972 and again in 1973 she was requisitioned by the Icelandic Coast Guard, repainted, renamed Týr, after the god from the Norse mythology, and armed with a 57 mm gun and subsequently used to cut the fishing gear from foreign fishing vessels fishing illegally (according to Icelandic law) in a newly claimed fishery zone during the Second Cod War. During her service in the Coast Guard she was nicknamed Hval-Týr (English: Whale-Týr) by the Icelanders and Moby Dick by the British.

Between 1987 and 2006, while commercial whaling ceased in Iceland, the ship remained unused at pier but the recommencement of whaling in Iceland brought it back into action. As of 2022, the ship remains active.

Hvalur hf.
Hvalur hf. (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰvaːlʏr̥], lit. 'Whale') is an Icelandic commercial whaling and holding company. Hvalur hf. was founded in 1947 as a commercial whaling company by Loftur Bjarnason and Vilhjálmur Árnason and later run by their sons, Kristján Loftsson and Árni Vilhjálmsson. In the recent decades, it has become one of the most powerful investment companies in Iceland, having owned large shares in Arion Bank, Marel, Origo hf. and Brim hf. amongst others.

In 1948, the company purchased an American naval base at Hvalfjörður (Whale Fjord) and converted it into a whaling station. Norwegian crews were involved in training Icelandic whalers into the early 1950s.
John Stockwell (actor)
John Stockwell Samuels IV (born March 25, 1961) is an American actor and filmmaker. For his work on the television film Cheaters (2000), Stockwell was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special.

Crazy/Beautiful
Crazy/Beautiful (stylized as crazy/beautiful) is a 2001 American teen romantic drama film starring Kirsten Dunst and Jay Hernandez (in his film debut). It is largely set at Palisades Charter High School and the surrounding area, including Downtown Los Angeles, Pacific Palisades, Malibu, and East Los Angeles.

Poor Latino Carlos Nuñez and the troubled congressman's daughter Nicole Oakley inadvertantly meet far from their school Pacific Palisades High, and soon form an unlikely relationship despite others' opposition.

The film was released on June 29, 2001, to mostly favorable reviews and modestly recovered its production budget.
Adak, Alaska
Adak (/ˈeɪ.dæk/, AY-dack; Aleut: Adaax, pronounced [ˈaðɑχ]), formerly Adak Station, is a city located on Adak Island, in the Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 171, down from 326 in 2010. It is the westernmost municipality in the United States and the southernmost city in Alaska. (See Extreme points of the United States.) The city is the former location of the Naval Air Facility Adak, NAVFAC Adak.

Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
Aleutians West Census Area (Russian: Западные Алеутские острова) is a census area located in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,232, down from 5,561 in 2010.

It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest city is Unalaska, home to about 80% of the population. It contains most of the Aleutian Islands, from Attu Island in the west to Unalaska Island in the east, as well as the Pribilof Islands, which lie north of the Aleutians in the Bering Sea.
Love, Yerin
Love, Yerin (Korean: 선물; RR: seonmul; lit. Gift) is the first cover extended play and fourth overrally by South Korean singer-songwriter Yerin Baek. It was released on September 10, 2019, under Blue Vinyl. The EP featured covers of six tracks from artists such as Nell and The Black Skirts.

Yerin Baek
Baek Ye-rin (Korean: 백예린; born June 26, 1997), anglicized as Yerin Baek, is a South Korean singer-songwriter. A former member of South Korean duo 15&, she debuted as a solo artist with her extended play, Frank, in 2015. Baek is credited with writing and composition for the majority of her songs, often touching on personal topics and real-life experiences. In addition to her solo career, she is also the lead vocalist and guitarist for the South Korean rock band The Volunteers and has been performing with them since 2018.
Al-Buraq Mosque
The al-Buraq Mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِدُ ٱلْبُرَاق, romanized: Masjid al-Burāq) is a subterranean musalla next to the Buraq Wall, near the southwest corner of the Masjid al-Aqsa compound in the Old City of Jerusalem. The mosque is called al-Buraq because of a ring that is nailed to its wall where Muslims believe Muhammad tied the buraq that carried him from the al-Haram Mosque to the al-Aqsa Mosque during the Night Journey.

Buraq
The Buraq (Arabic: الْبُرَاق /ælˈbʊrɑːk/, "lightning") is a supernatural equine-like creature in Islamic tradition that served as the mount of the Islamic prophet Muhammad during his Isra and Mi'raj journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and up through the heavens and back by night, although there is no mention of a mythical creature in the Quraan itself. Although never stated to have wings, it is almost always depicted as a pegasus-like being. The Buraq is also said to have transported certain prophets such as Abraham over long distances within a moment's duration.
Sex, Dope, Rock'n'Roll: Teenage Heaven
Sex, Dope, Rock'n'Roll: Teenage Heaven, released as simply Teenage Heaven in the US, is the second studio album by Australian rock band Daddy Cool, released in December 1971. It reached number 15 on the Kent Music Report, and contains the hit single "Hi Honey Ho". It was their last studio album for 34 years, until the release of their 2006 album, The New Cool.

The Australian release on Sparmac Records contains different tracks to the US release on Reprise Records five months later. The Australian release includes the six-minute version of "Hi Honey Ho", whereas on the US release the track is cut to three-and-a-half minutes. Other differences include the tracks "Sixty Minute Man" and "Make Your Stash", which are omitted from the American release and are replaced by "I'll Never Smile Again" and "Teenage Blues", respectively.

Ross Hannaford
Ross Andrew Hannaford (1 December 1950 – 8 March 2016) was an Australian musician, active in numerous local bands.  He was often referred to by his nickname "Hanna". Widely regarded as one of the country's finest rock guitarists, he was best known for his long collaboration with singer-songwriter Ross Wilson, which began as teenagers, with The Pink Finks and forming the seminal early '70s Australian rock band Daddy Cool. Hannaford died of cancer after being diagnosed a year earlier.
The Jaws of Life (Pierce the Veil album)
The Jaws of Life is the fifth studio album by American rock band Pierce the Veil, released on February 10, 2023. It is the band's first album not to feature drummer Mike Fuentes, with Brad Hargreaves of Third Eye Blind filling in. It is their first album to have a title track. The album received mostly positive reviews from critics.

The first single, "Pass the Nirvana", was released on September 1, 2022, marking the first piece of new material from the band since their 2016 album Misadventures. The album was announced on November 11, 2022, along with the release of a second single, "Emergency Contact". In 2025, the single "So Far So Fake" became a sleeper hit.

Emergency Contact (song)
"Emergency Contact" is a single by American rock band Pierce the Veil. It was released on November 11, 2022 and is the second single from their fifth studio album, The Jaws of Life. The track peaked at number one on US alternative radio chart in August 2023.
Hrazdan Gorge Aqueduct
Hrazdan Gorge Aqueduct (Armenian: Հրազդանի Ձորի ջրանցույց) is an aqueduct bridge across the Hrazdan River in the Armenian capital of Yerevan. It was designed by architect Rafael Israelyan and completed in 1949–1950. It was built with grey-coloured basalt stones. The aqueduct has a length of 100 metres and a width of 5 metres.

Rafayel Israyelian
Rafayel "Rafo" Israyelian (Armenian: Ռաֆայել Իսրայելյան; 17 September [O.S. 4 September] 1908 – 8 September 1973) was a Soviet Armenian architect.

Seen as a follower of Alexander Tamanian, Israyelian designed some of Soviet Armenia's most prominent structures, including the Sardarapat Memorial, the Yerevan Wine Factory and several churches, both in Armenia and abroad, most notably St. Sargis in Yerevan and St. Vartan in New York.
The Old Marlborough Road
"The Old Marlborough Road" is a poem written by transcendentalist philosopher Henry David Thoreau in 1850.

Thoreau lived near the disused Old Marlboro Road in Concord, Massachusetts, and frequently walked along it, which inspired him to write the poem. It first appeared as a journal entry in 1850; it was extensively revised before being incorporated into Walking, published posthumously in 1862.

Walking (essay)
"Walking" is a lecture by Henry David Thoreau first delivered at the Concord Lyceum on April 23, 1851. It was written between 1851 and 1860, but parts were extracted from his earlier journals. Thoreau read the piece a total of ten times, more than any other of his lectures. "Walking" was first published as an essay in the Atlantic Monthly after his death in 1862.
1995 British Formula Three Championship
The 1995 British Formula Three season was the 45th British Formula Three Championship, won by Oliver Gavin. The season started on 26 March at Silverstone and ended at Thruxton on 15 October following eighteen races. Having finished runner-up to Kelvin Burt two years previously, Gavin took the risk of dropping back down to Formula Three off the back of an unsuccessful season in Formula 3000 and was able to narrowly clinch the title at the final round from fellow Briton Ralph Firman. Class B was won by Martin Byford.

The scoring system was 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 points awarded to the first ten finishers, with 1 (one) extra point added to the driver who set the fastest lap of the race. All results counted towards the driver's final tally.

Oliver Gavin
Oliver Benjamin Gavin (born 29 September 1972) is a British former racing driver who joined Corvette Racing in 2002. He has won five American Le Mans Series class championships, five 24 Hours of Le Mans class wins, six 12 Hours of Sebring class wins and five Petit Le Mans class wins.
Victoria Thornton
Victoria Thornton OBE HonFRIBA is the founder of the Open House architecture concept which has sought to improve public engagement in architecture and urban design. In 1992, she founded the architecture education charity Open-City and the initiatives Open House London and, later, Open House Worldwide. The Open House initiative emphasizes the importance of design in creating livable cities and the role everyone plays in shaping them through conversations with key stakeholders and the general public. From 2018-22, she has been president of the Architectural Association School of Architecture, London; is the founder of Thornton Education Trust; trustee and chair, Architecture and Planning Committee Bath Preservation Trust; Director of Architecture for Kids and Member of Learning and Research Committee, Design Museum.

Open House London
Open House London, now known as Open House Festival, is an annual festival celebrating the architecture and urban landscape of London. It is staged by the charity Open City which campaigns to make London a more accessible, equitable and open city.  Starting in London in 1992 the festival has spread to over 60 of cities across the world. During the Open House Festival, many buildings considered to be of architectural significance open their doors for free public tours.

The 2019 event featured over 800 buildings, neighbourhood walks, architects' talks, cycle tours, and more. Well-known buildings not usually open to the public which were open on Open House weekend in 2005, for example, included Marlborough House, Lancaster House, Mansion House, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and Horse Guards.

Outside of the Open House festival, Open City organises other projects including year-round tours, lectures and educational events for children and young people.