hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pitch (climbing)
In climbing, a pitch is a section of a climbing route between two belay points (or belay stations), and is most commonly related to the task of lead climbing (going up), but is also related to abseiling (going down).  Climbing on routes that require only one pitch is known as single-pitch climbing, and climbing on routes with more than one pitch is known as multi-pitch climbing (where the number is large, it can be big wall or alpine climbing).

Modern climbing ropes are typically 60–70 metres (200–230 ft) in length, which sets the theoretical maximum length of a 'pitch', however, other factors mean that the average pitch on a multi-pitch route is circa 30–40 metres (98–131 ft) in length.  Advanced climbing techniques such as simul climbing can materially reduce—and even completely remove—the need for 'pitches' on a multi-pitch climbing route. The term is also used in caving.

Climbing
Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or other parts of the body to ascend a steep topographical object that can range from the world's tallest mountains (e.g. the eight thousanders) to small boulders. Climbing is done for locomotion, sporting recreation, for competition, and is also done in trades that rely on ascension, such as construction and military operations. Climbing is done indoors and outdoors, on natural surfaces (e.g. rock climbing and ice climbing), and on artificial surfaces (e.g. climbing walls and climbing gyms).
Lausus (eunuch)
Lausus or Lausos (c. 400 AD. – c. 450 AD) was a eunuch of the court of Theodosius II, famous for acquiring a palace and a large collection of art and sculptures. He also served as imperial chamberlain (praepositus sacri cubiculi) between 420 and 422 AD. The Historia Lausiaca, an account of the lives and feats of the most pre-eminent ascetics  in Egypt, the desert fathers, was dedicated to him.

The Palace of Lausus, destroyed in a fire in 475, was supplied by the now-preserved Binbirdirek Cistern in Istanbul.

Praepositus sacri cubiculi
The praepositus sacri cubiculi (Latin: "provost of the sacred bedchamber", in Greek: πραιπόσιτος τοῦ εὐσεβεστάτου κοιτῶνος, romanized: praipositos tou eusebestatou koitōnos) was one of the senior palace offices in the Late Roman Empire. Its holder was usually a eunuch, and acted as the grand chamberlain of the palace, wielding considerable authority and influence. In the 7th or 8th century, the title was also given to an order of rank for eunuch palace servants. The title and office continued in use in the simplified form of praipositos (πραιπόσιτος) in the Byzantine Empire until the late 11th century.
Essays in Radical Empiricism
Essays in Radical Empiricism (ERE) by William James is a collection edited and published posthumously by his colleague and biographer Ralph Barton Perry in 1912.  It was assembled from ten out of a collection of twelve reprinted journal articles published from 1904–1905 which James had deposited in August, 1906, at the Harvard University Library and the Harvard Department of Philosophy for supplemental use by his students. Perry replaced two essays from the original list with two others, one of which didn't exist at the earlier time.

Because ERE is a collection of essays written over a period of time, and ultimately not selected or collated by their author, it is not a systematic exposition of his thought even though Perry suggests otherwise in his preface.  This circumstance, in addition to the evolution of James own philosophic stance, has contributed to a wide variance in understanding, misunderstanding, and critical opinion of radical empiricism.

Ralph Barton Perry
Ralph Barton Perry (July 3, 1876 – January 22, 1957) was an American philosopher. He was a strident moral idealist who stated in 1909 that, to him, idealism meant "to interpret life consistently with ethical, scientific, and metaphysical truth." Perry's viewpoints on religion stressed the notion that religious thinking possessed legitimacy should it exist within a framework accepting of human reason and social progress.
Tabin Wildlife Reserve
The Tabin Wildlife Reserve (Malay: Taman Hidupan Liar Tabin) is a nature preserve in Sabah, Malaysia. It was created in 1984 to preserve Sabah's disappearing wild animals. Occupying a large part of the peninsula forming the northern headland of Darvel Bay, it is located 48 kilometres east of Lahad Datu.

Tabin Wildlife Reserve (TWR or Tabin) comprises a rectangular area of approximately 122,539 ha. in the centre of the Dent Peninsula, north-east of Lahad Datu town,  south of the lower reaches of the Segama River and north of the Silabukan Protection Forest Reserve. It can be reached via sealed and gravel roads from Lahad Datu in about 40 minutes. The reserve is covered with lowland dipterocarp forest.

Dent Peninsula
The Dent Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Dent) is a peninsula in eastern Sabah, Malaysia. It consists of hills and broad coastal areas. The Peninsula is also previously considered as a volcanic arc of the region which have since migrated southward to Semporna Peninsula.
Helen Davies (cricketer)
Helen Ann Davies (born 29 July 1966) is a South African former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter and right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in 25 One Day Internationals for South Africa between 1997 and 2000. She played domestic cricket for Western Province.

Western Province women's cricket team
The Western Province women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for part of the South African province of Western Cape, primarily based in Cape Town. They compete in the CSA Women's One-Day Cup and the CSA Women's T20 Challenge, and they are the most successful side in both competitions, with 9 and 7 title wins, respectively.
2018 Idaho Vandals football team
The 2018 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 2018 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Vandals played their home games on campus at the Kibbie Dome in Moscow, Idaho, and are members of the Big Sky Conference, which they rejoined for football this season. A charter member of the Big Sky in 1963, Idaho was previously a football member from 1965 through 1995. They were led by sixth-year head coach Paul Petrino and finished the season at 4–7 (3–5 in Big Sky, ninth).

1995 Idaho Vandals football team
The 1995 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1995 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Vandals, led by first-year head coach Chris Tormey, were members of the Big Sky Conference and played their home games at the Kibbie Dome, an indoor facility on campus in Moscow, Idaho. Idaho finished the regular season at 6–4 and 4–3 in the Big Sky, their final season in the conference for more than two decades.

Idaho defeated rival Boise State for the thirteenth time in fourteen seasons.

Since 1978, the Vandals' football uniforms made prominent use of yellow gold (helmets, pants), which continued through this season. With the move to up Division I-A in 1996, the shade of gold was changed to metallic.
Staphisagria macrosperma
Staphisagria macrosperma, formerly known as Delphinium staphisagria, is a species of Staphisagria of the family Ranunculaceae. It used to belong to the subgenus or section Staphisagria of the genus Delphinium, but molecular evidence suggests Staphisagria should be a genus which is a sister group to the Aconitum-Delphinium clade. It is described botanically as a stoutly-stemmed, hairy biennial with large palmate leaves up to 6 inches (15 cm) across. The flowers are mauve-blue to blue, short-spurred, and up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) across, occurring in racemes. The plant grows to a height of 4–5 feet. It grows throughout the Mediterranean. All parts of this plant are highly toxic and should not be ingested in any quantity.

Delphinium
Delphinium is a genus of about 300 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. The genus was erected by Carl Linnaeus.

All members of the genus Delphinium are toxic to humans and livestock. The common name larkspur is shared between perennial Delphinium species and annual species of the genus Consolida. Molecular data show that Consolida, as well as another segregate genus, Aconitella, are both embedded in Delphinium.

The genus name Delphinium derives from the Ancient Greek word δελφίνιον (delphínion) which means "dolphin", a name used in De Materia Medica for some kind of larkspur. Pedanius Dioscorides said the plant got its name because of its dolphin-shaped flowers.
Andrew Cash
Andrew Cash (born January 22, 1962) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and former politician who was the member of Parliament (MP) for the Toronto-area riding of Davenport from 2011 to 2015. A member of the New Democratic Party (NDP), Cash grew up in Toronto where he and Charlie Angus founded the Toronto punk band L'Étranger. In the late 1990s he wrote for the Toronto weekly Now.

L'Étranger (band)
L'Étranger (The Stranger or The Outsider) was a Canadian punk rock band based in Toronto, Ontario.  Named for the novel L'Étranger by Albert Camus, the band played a politically minded brand of punk music that drew on both Clash influences and the band members' social justice-oriented Roman Catholic faith. The band was best known for their anti-apartheid single "One People", one of the first independent videos ever to gain airplay on MuchMusic.
Reissner–Nordström metric
In physics and astronomy, the Reissner–Nordström metric is a static solution to the Einstein–Maxwell field equations that corresponds to the gravitational field of a charged, non-rotating, spherically symmetric body of mass . The analogous solution for a charged, rotating body is given by the Kerr–Newman metric.

The metric was discovered between 1916 and 1921 by Hans Reissner, Hermann Weyl, Gunnar Nordström and George Barker Jeffery independently.

Gunnar Nordström
Gunnar Nordström (12 March 1881 – 24 December 1923) was a Finnish theoretical physicist best remembered for his theory of gravitation, which was an early competitor of general relativity. Nordström is often designated by modern writers as The Einstein of Finland due to his novel work in similar fields with similar methods to Einstein.
Ijaz Ahmad Ahmadzai
Ijaz Ahmad Ahmadzai (born 25 June 2003) is an Afghan cricketer, who is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium bowler. In December 2021, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for the 2022 Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup.

He made his List A debut for Hindukush Stars on 18 May 2022, against Pamir Legends in the 2022 Green Afghanistan One Day Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut for Kabul Eagles on 30 July 2022, against Hindukush Stars in the 2022 Shpageeza Cricket League. He made his first-class debut for Boost Defenders on 14 October 2022, against Mis Ainak Knights in the 2022 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament.

In March 2024, he earned his maiden call-up to the Afghanistan cricket team for their Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Ireland. He made his T20I debut for Afghanistan on 15 March 2024, against Ireland.

Irish cricket team against Afghanistan in the UAE in 2023–24
The Ireland cricket team toured the United Arab Emirates in February and March 2024 to play one Test match, three One Day International (ODI) matches and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches against Afghanistan. The Test was played in Abu Dhabi, and the ODIs and T20Is were played in Sharjah. The T20I series formed part of both teams' preparation for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament. The venue for the Test was shifted from the Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium to the Tolerance Oval, just a week before the match.

Ireland won the Test match by six wickets. This was Ireland's first ever Test win, at the eighth attempt. Afghanistan won the ODI series 2–0, with the second match abandoned due to rain. Afghanistan won the T20I series 2-1.
Kola people
The Kola people, Bakola, also known as the Koya, Bakoya, are pygmies of the NE Gabon–Congo border area. They speak the Bantu Ngom language.

They are distinct from the Gyele people of coastal Cameroon, a subgroup of which also goes by the name Bakola / Bakoya.

Kele language (Gabon)
Kele is a Bantu language of Gabon. Dialects of the Kele language are scattered throughout Gabon.

West Kele (Kili) is spoken by the Kele people, scattered in Middle Ogooué Province, Mimongo area.

Ngom (Angom, Ungomo) is used with only minor differences by the Kola/Koya Pygmies. It is spoken on both sides of the border with the Republic of the Congo.

Bubi (not the same as the Bubi language)

Tombidi

Mwesa
1872 Scotland v England football match
The 1872 association football match between the national teams of Scotland and England is officially recognised by FIFA as the first international. It took place on 30 November 1872 at Hamilton Crescent, the West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground in Partick, Glasgow. The match was watched by 4,000 spectators and finished as a 0–0 draw.

Robert Smith (footballer, born 1848)
Robert Smith (1 May 1848 – 3 June 1914) was a Scottish footballer who played for Scotland against England in the first official international matches in 1872 and 1873, as well as three appearances in the earlier unofficial matches. He was a member of the Queen's Park and South Norwood clubs, and was prominent in the early history of Queen's Park.
Oxygen rebound mechanism
In biochemistry, the oxygen rebound mechanism is the pathway for hydroxylation of organic compounds by iron-containing oxygenases.  Many enzymes effect the hydroxylation of hydrocarbons as a means for biosynthesis,  detoxification, gene regulation, and other functions.  These enzymes often utilize Fe-O centers that convert C-H bonds into C-OH groups.  The  oxygen rebound mechanism starts with abstraction of H from the hydrocarbon, giving an organic radical and an iron hydroxide.  In the rebound step, the organic radical attacks the Fe-OH center to give an alcohol group, which is bound to Fe as a ligand.  Dissociation of the alcohol from the metal allows the cycle to start anew.  This mechanistic scenario is an alternative to the direct insertion of an O center into a C-H bond.  The pathway is an example of C-H activation.

Three main classes of these enzymes are cytochrome P450, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases, and nonheme-diiron hydroxylases.

Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids,  xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. By hydroxylation, CYP450 enzymes  convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted.

P450s are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term "P450" is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most P450s require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).
103rd Regiment of Foot (Volunteer Hunters)
The 103rd Regiment of Foot (Volunteer Hunters) was a line infantry regiment of British Army raised at Bury St Edmunds in October 1760. Thomas Oswald was colonel of the regiment from 1761 to 1763. The regiment took part, alongside His Majesty's Marine Forces, in the capture of Belle Île in April 1761 during the Seven Years' War. It was then disbanded in England in 1763 upon the conclusion of the war.

Capture of Belle Île
The capture of Belle Île was a British amphibious expedition to capture the French island of Belle Île off the Brittany coast in 1761, during the Seven Years' War. After an initial British attack was repulsed, a second attempt under General Studholme Hodgson forced a beachhead.  A second landing was made, and after a six-week siege the island's main citadel at Le Palais was stormed, consolidating British control of the island. A French relief effort from the nearby mainland was unable to succeed because of British control of the sea. The British occupied the island for two years before returning it in 1763 following the Treaty of Paris.
Coburg Football Club
The Coburg Football Club, nicknamed the Lions, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Coburg. It has been based at Coburg City Oval since 1915.

Coburg's men's team currently plays in the Victorian Football League (VFL), while the women's team has competed in the VAFA Women's (VAFAW) since 2023. The club also has a team in the FIDA Football League, a competition for people with intellectual disabilities, and junior teams in the Essendon District Football League (EDFL).

FIDA Football League
The FIDA Football League (Football Integration Development Association)  is an Australian rules football based in Victoria. The competition provides people with an intellectual disability the chance play football at a competitive level.

The league is mix-gendered and open to people aged 14 and over, with four regional conferences, the largest being in metropolitan Melbourne.

As of 2022, FIDA has 28 clubs and approximately 800 players. The competition is supported by the Hawthorn Football Club, Box Hill Hawks, Coburg Football Club and Williamstown Football Club.
Paul England (actor)
Paul England (17 June 1892 – 21st November 1968 in Newton St Cyres in Devon, was an English actor, singer, author.

Born at Streatham in 1893, England was educated at Whitgift School. Beyond his career as an actor and broadcaster, he was also a singer and writer. As a singer, he appeared in musicals in London's West End and on Broadway.

England's first film was Just a Girl (1916), in the silent era, in which he played a miner, opposite Daisy Burrell. He later appeared in Knee Deep in Daisies (1926) and in the era of talking films had roles in Charlie Chan in London (1934), Disputed Passage (1939), The Invisible Man Returns (1940) The Earl of Chicago (1940), and The Trial of Madame X  (1948), the last of which he also wrote and directed.

Streatham
Streatham (/ˈstrɛt.əm/ STRET-əm) is a district in south London in England that lies five miles (eight kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It falls mostly within the London Borough of Lambeth, with some parts extending westward into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth.

Streatham formed part of Surrey before becoming part of the County of London in 1889, and then of Greater London in 1965.

The London Plan identifies the area as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
Burghclere railway station
Burghclere railway station (originally named Sydmonton) was a station on the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway in England. It was further from the village of Burghclere than Highclere railway station but Burghclere station was relatively busy, serving the larger village of Kingsclere.

Burghclere
Burghclere is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. According to the 2011 census the village had a population of 1,152. The village is near the border of Hampshire with Berkshire, four miles south of Newbury. The closest settlements are Newtown, Old Burghclere and Newtown Common.

Work by the 20th-century artist Stanley Spencer can be found in the Sandham Memorial Chapel. The Church of the Ascension is on Church Lane in Burghclere.
Now Then...
Now Then... is the fourth album by the Northern Irish band Stiff Little Fingers, released in 1982. It was produced by Nick Tauber. Some songs employed a horn section. The band broke up after the release of the album.

Nick Tauber
Nick Tauber is a British record producer best known for his work with Thin Lizzy, Toyah and Marillion in the 1970s and 1980s.
Nick Tauber continues to manage, produce, and consult with acts/artists/and producers. In the late 1990s, Tauber was involved with British pop/punk act Kowloon, guiding them through several UK, and European tours. In the early 2000s, he managed British rock act Nine Miles Wide, UK bands Freak, The Cornerstones, Girlband "Blush", and The Revenge.
Rożyńsk Wielki
Rożyńsk Wielki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈrɔʐɨj̃sk ˈfjɛlkʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołdap, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Gmina Gołdap
Gmina Gołdap is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, on the border with Russia. Its seat is the town of Gołdap, which lies approximately 133 kilometres (83 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 361.73 square kilometres (139.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 19,918 (out of which the population of Gołdap amounts to 13,641, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,277).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Puszcza Romincka Landscape Park.
Stefan Uroš I
Stefan Uroš I (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош I; c. 1223 – 1 May 1277), known as Uroš the Great (Serbian: Урош Велики, romanized: Uroš Veliki)[a] was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother Stefan Vladislav. He was one of the most important rulers in Serbian history. During his reign the foundations were laid for the expansion of the Serbian medieval state, which would become an empire in the middle of the 14th century.

Zachlumia
Zachlumia or Zachumlia (Serbo-Croatian: Zahumlje / Захумље, pronounced [zǎxuːmʎe]), also Hum, was a medieval principality located in the modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia (today parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, respectively). In some periods it was a fully independent or semi-independent South Slavic principality. It maintained relations with various foreign and neighbouring powers (Byzantine Empire, First Bulgarian Empire, Kingdom of Croatia, Principality of Serbia) and later was subjected (temporarily or for a longer period) to Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Serbia, Kingdom of Bosnia, and at the end to the Ottoman Empire.
Mir Shaukat Ali Khan
Mir Shaukat Ali Khan CBE (c. 1917 – 22 May 2003), (Urdu میر شوکت علی خان ) was the last ruler of Nagar State, first as a princely state in the Indian Empire, then as a fully independent state, and finally as one of the princely states of Pakistan, from 1940 to 1974. After that, he continued to carry out a purely ceremonial role and was also elected to a regional council.

Nagar (princely state)
Nagar (Urdu: ریاست نگر, Riyasat Nagar) was a Burusho princely state located in the northern region of present-day Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. Although under the suzerainty of the Jammu and Kashmir (princely state), Nagar was not a part of it, and had status of a separate state. Before August 1947, it maintained a subsidiary alliance with British India. It shared its borders with the Gilgit Agency states to the south and west, while to the north and east, it bordered the princely state of Hunza. From November 1947 to 1974, Nagar was recognized as a princely state within Pakistan, with its administrative center in the town of Nagar.

The territory of the former Nagar princely state now comprises three tehsils within the Nagar District of northern Pakistan.