hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dissolution of the monasteries in Portugal
The dissolution of the monasteries in Portugal was the nationalization of the property of male monastic orders effected by a decree of 28 May 1834 enacted by Joaquim António de Aguiar at the conclusion of the Portuguese Civil War. Portugal thus terminated the state sanction of male religious orders, and nationalized the lands and possessions of over 500 monasteries. The new government hoped to re-distribute land and property among the poorer landowners, but there were few who could buy.

Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars (Portuguese: Guerras Liberais), also known as the Portuguese Civil War (Guerra Civil Portuguesa) and the War of the Two Brothers (Guerra dos Dois Irmãos) was a civil war in Portugal that lasted from May 1828 to May 1834, fought between liberal progressive constitutionalists (led by former King Pedro IV) and conservative traditionalists (led by King Miguel I) over the country's system of government and royal succession. Embroiled parties included the Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese rebels, the United Kingdom, France, the Catholic Church, Spain and Russia.
Sidkeong Namgyal
Sidkeong Namgyal (Sikkimese: སྲིད་སཀྱོང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་; Wylie: srid skyong rnam rgyal) (1819–1874) was king of Sikkim from 1863 to 1874. He was son of Tsugphud Namgyal and was succeeded by his half-brother Thutob Namgyal.

His mother was the second wife of his father, a Tibetan lady, sister of the Tashi Lama.

It was Sidkeong Namgyal who signed the Treaty of Tumlong with the British in 1861, his father having abdicated rather than return to surrender to the force of Sir Ashley Eden.

Treaty of Tumlong
The Treaty of Tumlong, also known as the Anglo-Sikkimese Treaty of 1861, was a March 1861 treaty between the British Empire and the Kingdom of Sikkim in present-day north-east India. Signed by Sir Ashley Eden on behalf of the British and by the Sikkimese Chogyal, Sidkeong Namgyal when his father Tsugphud Namgyal refused to return from Tibet, the treaty secured protection for travellers to Sikkim and guaranteed free trade, thereby making the state a de facto British protectorate.
Bye Bye Bird
"Bye Bye Bird" is a harmonica-driven blues song written by Willie Dixon and Sonny Boy Williamson II. In 1963, Checker Records issued it as the B-side of Williamson's single "Help Me", which was his last single to reach the record charts.

The song was recorded on January 11, 1963, by Williamson on vocal and harmonica, backed by Lafayette Leake or Billy Emerson on organ, Matt Murphy on guitar, Milton Rector on bass, and Al Duncan on drums.

"Bye Bye Bird" is included on several Sonny Boy Williamson compilation albums, such as More Real Folk Blues (1967) and His Best (1997). A live recording by Williamson from December 8, 1963, at the Crawdaddy Club, in Richmond, England, accompanied by the Yardbirds, is included on Sonny Boy Williamson and the Yardbirds (1966).

The song was recorded by the Moody Blues for their 1965 debut album The Magnificent Moodies.

Sonny Boy Williamson and the Yardbirds
Sonny Boy Williamson & the Yardbirds is a live album by Chicago blues veteran Sonny Boy Williamson II backed by English rock band the Yardbirds. It was recorded at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, Surrey on December 8, 1963.  However, the performances were not released until early 1966, after a string of Top 40 hits by the Yardbirds.

Williamson sings and/or plays the harmonica on all of the songs.  Although they are in a supporting role, the album also presents some of the earliest recordings by the Yardbirds, whose members included Eric Clapton on lead guitar.  Numerous reissues have appeared over the years, sometimes with additional tracks recorded around the same time.
Sogitec 4X
The Sogitec 4X was a digital audio workstation developed by Giuseppe di Giugno at IRCAM (Paris) in the 1980s.  It was the last large hardware processor before the development of the ISPW. Later solutions combined control and audio processing in the same computer like Max/MSP. 4X built on the achievements of the earlier Halaphone, capable of timbre alteration and sound localization.

Nicolas Schöffer was one of the first users to build his composition method with this computer.

Max (software)
Max, also known as Max/MSP/Jitter, is a visual programming language for music and multimedia developed and maintained by San Francisco-based software company Cycling '74. Over its more than thirty-year history, it has been used by composers, performers, software designers, researchers, and artists to create recordings, performances, and installations.

The Max program is modular, with most routines existing as shared libraries. An application programming interface (API) allows third-party development of new routines (named external objects). Thus, Max has a large user base of programmers unaffiliated with Cycling '74 who enhance the software with commercial and non-commercial extensions to the program. Because of this extensible design, which simultaneously represents both the program's structure and its graphical user interface (GUI), Max has been described as the lingua franca for developing interactive music performance software.
Carcassonne: The Castle
Carcassonne: The Castle is a two-player German board game.  It is designed by Reiner Knizia, although Carcassonne series creator Klaus-Jürgen Wrede is also credited.  Like other games in the Carcassonne series, it is published by Hans im Gluck in German and Rio Grande Games in English.

Unlike other games in the series, The Castle is solely designed for head-to-head play.  Although the main game mechanic of tile placement is retained, players are also additionally confined by the fixed board layout.  The Castle is focused on the interior of a castle that is said to be situated in the middle of Carcassonne, a medieval walled city in France.

A downloadable expansion called The Falcon was released in 2015.

Reiner Knizia
Reiner Knizia (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnɐ ˈknɪtsi̯a]; born 16 November 1957) is a German-style board game designer. He was born in West Germany and earned a doctorate in mathematics from the University of Ulm before designing games full-time. He is frequently included on lists of the greatest game designers of all time. Many of his hundreds of designs are considered modern classics, and many have won or been nominated for significant gaming awards, including the Spiel des Jahres and the Deutscher Spiele Preis. His notable designs include Amun-Re, Blue Moon City, Ingenious, Keltis, Lord of the Rings, Medici, Modern Art, Ra, Taj Mahal, Tigris and Euphrates, and Through the Desert. Many of his designs incorporate mathematical principles, such as his repeated use of auction mechanics.
A897 road
The A897 single track road is entirely within the Highland council area of Scotland. It  runs generally north from the A9 at Helmsdale to the A836 near Halladale Bridge, east of Melvich. The road passes through or near Kildonan, Kinbrace and Forsinard, and has a junction with the B871 at Kinbrace. It also passes through Achiemore.

Helmsdale is on the east-facing North Sea coast of Britain. Melvich is about 40 miles (64 km) away, on the north-facing Atlantic coast. Apart from half a mile (1 km) or so within Helmsdale, the entire road is single track.

Between Helmsdale and Kinbrace the road is in Strath Ullie (known also as Strath of Kildonan). The River Ullie (known also as the River Helmsdale) reaches the sea at Helmsdale. Between Forsinard and Halladale Bridge the road is in Strath Halladale. The River Halladale reaches the sea near Melvich.

In 2016 the road was declared the quietest A road in Britain.

58°18′40″N 3°54′48″W﻿ / ﻿58.3112°N 3.91328°W﻿ / 58.3112; -3.91328

Kinbrace
Kinbrace  is a small village in Sutherland in the Highland council area of Scotland. It lies at the junction of the A897 and B871 and is 17 miles (27 km) from Helmsdale by road. The village has a station on the Far North Line (also named Kinbrace). Few people live in the village, with the population standing at 51 in the 2011 Census.

The village is represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom constituency of Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross, where it is represented by Jamie Stone of the Scottish Liberal Democrats. It is represented in the Scottish Parliament by Maree Todd of the Scottish National Party.
Who He?
Who He? (also published as The Rat Race) is a general-fiction novel published in 1953 by Alfred Bester, an author best known for his science fiction. The book was republished in 2007; as of 2015, it is available for purchase from Wildside Press. The novel provides a detailed—if somewhat madcap—view of the early days of television production in New York City, before most of the industry relocated to California.

Alfred Bester
Alfred Bester (December 18, 1913 – September 30, 1987) was an American science fiction author, TV and radio screenwriter, magazine editor, and scriptwriter for comics. He is best remembered for his science fiction, including the novel The Demolished Man, winner of the inaugural Hugo Award in 1953.

Science fiction author Harry Harrison wrote that "Alfred Bester was one of the handful of writers who invented modern science fiction".

Shortly before his death, the Science Fiction Writers of America (SFWA) named Bester its ninth Grand Master; the award was presented posthumously in 1988.
The Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame inducted him in 2001.
Swampton, Kentucky
Swampton is an unincorporated community in Magoffin County, Kentucky, United States.  It lies along Route 7 southeast of the city of Salyersville, the county seat of Magoffin County.  Its elevation is 919 feet (280 m).

Magoffin County, Kentucky
Magoffin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,637. Its county seat is Salyersville. The county was formed in 1860 from adjacent portions of Floyd, Johnson, and Morgan Counties. It was named for Beriah Magoffin, who was governor of Kentucky (1859–62).
Per Christian Ellefsen
Per Christian Ellefsen (born 1954) is a Norwegian actor, mostly known from his roles in Elling and Rare Exports: A Christmas Tale. He studied at the Norwegian National Academy of Theatre from 1974–1977, and began working at the National Theatre in 1997.

Elling
Elling is a Norwegian black comedy film directed by Petter Næss. Shot mostly in and around the Norwegian capital Oslo, the film, which was released in 2001, is primarily  based on Ingvar Ambjørnsen's novel Brødre i blodet ("Blood brothers", 1996), one of a series of four featuring the Elling character – the others are Utsikt til paradiset ("A view of paradise", 1993), Fugledansen ("The bird dance", 1995), and Elsk meg i morgen ("Love me tomorrow", 1999). The film was followed by an original prequel not based on any of the novels, Mors Elling (2003), and a sequel, Elsk meg i morgen (2005) based on the fourth and last book in the series.
Kampfgeschwader 100
Kampfgeschwader 100 (KG 100) was a Luftwaffe medium and heavy bomber wing of World War II and the first military aviation unit to use a precision-guided munition (the Fritz X anti-ship glide bomb) in combat to sink a warship (the Italian battleship Roma) on 9 September 1943.

Henschel Hs 293
The Henschel Hs 293 was a World War II German radio-guided glide bomb. It is the first operational anti-shipping missile, first used unsuccessfully on 25 August 1943 and then with increasing success over the next year, damaging or sinking at least 25 ships. Allied efforts to jam the radio control link were increasingly successful despite German efforts to counter them. The weapon remained in use through 1944 when it was also used as an air-to-ground weapon to attack bridges to prevent the Allied breakout after D-Day, but proved almost useless in this role.
Brand upon the Brain!
Brand upon the Brain! is a 2006 avant-garde silent film directed by Guy Maddin and shot in Seattle with local actors. Maddin directed the film from a script co-written with George Toles, shooting over nine days and editing over three months, on an estimated budget of $40,000.

Guy Maddin
Guy Maddin CM OM (born February 28, 1956) is a Canadian screenwriter, director, author, cinematographer, film editor, and installation artist. He is known for his fascination with lost Silent-era films and for incorporating their aesthetics into his own work. Maddin was appointed to the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian honour, in 2012.

Maddin began serving as a visiting lecturer at Harvard University's Department of Art, Film, and Visual Studies in 2015.
Bradford (CDP), Vermont
Bradford is a census-designated place in the town of Bradford, Orange County, Vermont, United States. The population was 907 at the 2020 census. The village disincorporated on December 1, 2004. The village became a census-designated place in 2008.  The central commercial and residential portion of the village is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Bradford Village Historic District.

Orange County, Vermont
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,277. Its shire town (county seat) is the town of Chelsea. Orange County was chartered on August 11, 1781.
Yes I Smoke Crack
Yes I Smoke Crack is the debut release from Chicago-based band Salem. Gaining fast popularity, the EP, limited to 500, sold out in pre-sales. The EP was pressed on white vinyl. A video for the song "Dirt" was produced by the band and gathered public interest due to its odd setting.

In an interview with Butt magazine, John Holland stated that the name of the EP was something he may have seen somewhere and that he just felt it was the right name, in summary.

Salem (American band)
Salem (sometimes stylized as S4LEM or SALEM) is an American electronic music band from Traverse City, Michigan. It was founded by Heather Marlatt, Jack Donoghue and John Holland. Salem is considered one of the pioneers of the witch house genre.

Salem released its debut album King Night in 2010. In 2020, the group released a mixtape, Stay Down, followed by their second album, Fires in Heaven, both without Marlatt, who is disputing her ouster.
IDFC First Bank
IDFC First Bank (stylised as IDFC FIRST Bank) is an Indian private sector bank based in Mumbai. Founded in 2015 as a banking subsidiary of IDFC Limited, it shifted focus from infrastructure financing to retail banking after its 2018 merger with Capital First. In 2024, IDFC First Bank took over the parent company IDFC Limited in a reverse merger.

Grama Vidiyal
IDFC Bharat Ltd is a microfinance company (formerly known as Grama Vidiyal), operating in the Tamil Nadu area of South India.  Since 1993, it has provided small loans to women without access to formal credit and who typically have daily incomes of less than INR 80 (US$2) per day.
Murder Mubarak
Murder Mubarak (transl. Congratulations on Murder) is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language mystery thriller film based on the novel Club You To Death written by Anuja Chauhan. The film is directed by Homi Adajania and produced by Dinesh Vijan. The film features an ensemble cast, including Pankaj Tripathi,  Karisma Kapoor, Sara Ali Khan, Vijay Varma, Dimple Kapadia,  Sanjay Kapoor, Tisca Chopra, Suhail Nayyar and Tara Alisha Berry.

The film was released on Netflix on 15 March 2024 to mixed reviews from critics.

Homi Adajania
Homi Adajania (born 28 February 1972) is an Indian film director and writer. He made his directorial debut with Being Cyrus (2005), an English-language psychological drama. He followed this with the commercially successful Hindi-language romantic comedy Cocktail (2012). After this Adajania directed the satire Finding Fanny.
Rudawy Landscape Park
Rudawy Landscape Park (Rudawski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in south-western Poland, established in 1989.

The Park lies within Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The Bóbr River flows through the park.

Colourful mineral lakes

Strange sandstone erosions (Igła, The Needle)

View from the old village of Karpniki

Karpniki Castle

View from Bukowiec Palace Park

Bóbr
The Bóbr (Polish pronunciation: [ˈbubr] ⓘ; Czech: Bobr; German: Bober [ˈboːbɐ] ⓘ) is a river which flows through the north of the Czech Republic and the southwest of Poland. It is a left tributary of the Oder. Its Polish name translates directly to 'beaver'.
DeSales University, Pennsylvania
DeSales University (CDP) is a census-designated place located in Upper Saucon Township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 985 residents.

DeSales University is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census. It includes the main campus of DeSales University.

DeSales University
DeSales University (DSU) is a private Catholic university in Center Valley, Pennsylvania, United States. The university offers traditional, online, and hybrid courses and programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Named for St. Francis de Sales, the university was founded in 1964 as Allentown College of Saint Francis de Sales by the Oblates of St. Francis de Sales.

DeSales has six academic divisions: Business, Healthcare Professions, Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Nursing, Performing Arts, and Sciences & Mathematics. It is classified among "Doctoral/Professional Universities".
Kamal Chunchie
Kamal Chunchie (4 June 1886 – 3 July 1953) was a Methodist Christian minister. He was born in Kandy, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and by 1920 was living in the East End of London. The young Chunchie was a prominent cricketer at Kingswood College, Kandy, and after moving to England, he continued to play the sport. He was appalled by the way black and Asian people were treated, and wanted to improve the social aspects of their lives. He worked in race relations in Canning Town, where he founded The Coloured Men's Institute.

Chunchie is commemorated in the name of a street in the London Borough of Newham in east London, where City Hall, the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA), the regional government for Greater London, is located.

Kingswood College, Kandy
Kingswood College, Kandy (Sinhala: කිංග්ස්වුඩ් විද්‍යාලය) is a public day and boarding school for boys in Kandy, Sri Lanka. The school educates over 3,500 students from primary to secondary levels and is staffed by more than 300 faculty members. It was founded by Louis Edmund Blaze on 4 May 1891 with the aim of providing education grounded in Methodist principles.

Initially opened with just eleven students at Pavilion Street, the school later relocated to Randles Hill. It is one of the oldest schools in Kandy and is commonly known as KCK.
Ales, Sardinia
Ales (Sardinian: Abas) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy. It lies on the eastern slopes of Mount Arci. It has a population of 1,249.

This area is the only Sardinian source of obsidian.

Diocese of Ales-Terralba
The Diocese of Ales-Terralba (Latin: Dioecesis Uxellensis-Terralbensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in west-central Sardinia. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Oristano (Arborea). Ales lies at a distance of 31 km from Oristano in a direct line.
George W. Frank House
The George W. Frank House is a historic mansion located in Kearney, Nebraska, United States. The house was built in 1889 by George W. Frank. Since 1971 the property has been owned by Kearney State College, now the University of Nebraska at Kearney. The university now operates the home as The G.W. Frank Museum of History and Culture. In 1973, the house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Kearney, Nebraska
Kearney (/ˈkɑːrni/ KAR-nee) is a city and the county seat of Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 33,790 in the 2020 census, making it the 5th most populous city in Nebraska. It is home to the University of Nebraska at Kearney. The westward push of the railroad as the Civil War ended gave new birth to the community.
Al Noor International School
Al Noor International School is a  private school situated in Bahrain and founded on 6 September 1993. The school teaches over 3000 students from more than 40 countries, mainly the United States, the United Kingdom, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan.
It initially started with a programme of classes for primary schoolchildren in the district of Mahooz, prior to its relocation to the island of Sitra. It currently caters to the educational needs of students from over than 40 countries and follows a curricular program made up of three types: British, Bahraini, and Indian.

Sitra
Sitra (Arabic: سترة or سِتْرَة, As-Sitra), also known as Sitrah or Sitra Island (Arabic: جزيرة سترة Jazīrat Sitrah), is an island in Bahrain situated approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) south of the capital, Manama, which is on Bahrain Island.
Cao Cao's invasion of Xu Province
Cao Cao's invasion of Xu Province was a punitive invasion launched by the warlord Cao Cao against Tao Qian, the Governor of Xu Province, in the late Eastern Han dynasty. The casus belli for the invasion was the murder of Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, in Xu Province. Although Tao Qian's culpability was questionable, Cao Cao nonetheless held him responsible. The invasion took place in two separate waves in 193 and 194, during each of which Cao Cao captured a number of towns and engaged in collective punishment of the civilian populace.

Cao Song
Cao Song (died 193), courtesy name Jugao, was an official who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was the foster son of the eunuch Cao Teng and the father of the warlord Cao Cao, who rose to prominence in the final years of Eastern Han and laid the foundation of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Song was posthumously honoured as "Emperor Tai" ("Grand Emperor") by his grandson Cao Pi in 220 when the latter ended the Han dynasty and founded the Cao Wei regime.
Alamparai Fort
The ruins of Alamparai Fort (also called Alampara) lie near Kadappakkam in India, a village 50 km from Mamallapuram on the land overlooking the sea. Constructed in the late 17th century during the Mughal era, the Alamparai Fort once had a 100-metre long dockyard stretching into the sea, from which zari cloth, salt, and ghee were exported. During 1735 AD it was ruled by Nawab Doste Ali Khan. In 1750, for the services rendered by the famous French commander Dupleix to Subedar Muzaffar Jung, the fort was given to the French. When French were defeated by the British, the fort was captured and demolished in 1760 AD. More recently the structure was damaged in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.

Joseph François Dupleix
Joseph Marquis Dupleix (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf maʁki dyplɛks]; Unknown – 10 November 1763) was Governor-General of French India and rival of Robert Clive. He was the son of wealthy general of Taxes and Director general of the company of Indies. Due to his Father's influence he got high position in Pondicherry .
Novy, Mirninsky District, Sakha Republic
Novy (Russian: Но́вый) is a rural locality (a selo) under the administrative jurisdiction of the Settlement of Almazny in Mirninsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 25 kilometers (16 mi) from Mirny, the administrative center of the district and 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) from Almazny. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 76; down from 242 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Almazny, Sakha Republic
Almazny (Russian: Алма́зный; Yakut: Алмазнай) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Mirninsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 20 kilometers (12 mi) from Mirny, the administrative center of the district, on the border of the Lena and Vilyuy Plateaus, on the Irelyakh River, at its confluence with the Ochchuguy-Botuobuya, a tributary of the Vilyuy. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,527.