hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colin Campbell Ferrie
Colin Campbell Ferrie (May 1, 1808 – November 9, 1856) was a Canadian merchant, banker, and politician.

Born in Glasgow, the son of Adam Ferrie and Rachel Campbell, he came to Montreal from Scotland in 1824 to work in his father's new wholesale and forwarding company. By 1829, Colin, his brother Adam and his father had joined forces to supply and run a store in Hamilton, Upper Canada, under the name of Colin Ferrie and Company.  He married Catherine Beasley in 1836, and they had two sons.

From 1829 to 1833, additional stores were opened in places such as Brantford, Preston, Nelson, Dundas, and Waterloo. A founder of the Gore Bank, Ferrie was its second president from 1839 until his death in 1856. He was the first mayor of Hamilton and served in 1847. Ferrie also represented Hamilton in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1836 to 1841.

He died in Hamilton, Canada West in 1856 and was buried in Hamilton Cemetery.

Hamilton Cemetery
Hamilton Cemetery on York Boulevard in Hamilton, Ontario, is the oldest public burial ground in the city. It is located on Burlington Heights, a high sand and gravel isthmus that separates Hamilton's harbor on the east from Cootes Paradise on the west.
Miranda House
Miranda House is a constituent college for women at the University of Delhi in India. Established in 1948, it is one of the top ranked colleges of the country and ranked number 1 for consecutively seven years (as of 2023).

Walter Sykes George
Sir Walter Sykes George C.B.E. (1881 – 7 January 1962) was an English architect active in India during the first half of the 20th century, most known for being part of the team of architects who designed New Delhi, the new capital of India, from 1911-1931.
Ben Howland
Benjamin Clark Howland (born May 28, 1957) is an American college basketball coach who most recently served as the men's head coach at Mississippi State University from to 2015 to 2022. He served as the head men's basketball coach at Northern Arizona University from 1994 to 1999, the University of Pittsburgh from 1999 to 2003, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 2003 to 2013. Howland became the first men's coach in modern college basketball history to be fired shortly after winning an outright power-conference title. He is one of the few NCAA Division I coaches to take four teams to the NCAA tournament.

Cerritos High School
Cerritos High School, also called CHS, is a comprehensive, four-year public high school located in Cerritos, California, serving grades 9–12. It is part of the ABC Unified School District.

As of the 2014–15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,176 students and 86.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 25.2:1. There were 354 students (16.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 209 (9.6% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Maira Rodríguez
Maira Alexandra Rodríguez Herrera (born November 24, 1991, in Maracay) is a Venezuelan model and beauty pageant titleholder. She represented Amazonas state at Miss Venezuela 2014 pageant. At the conclusion of the pageant, she won the Miss Earth Venezuela crown, obtaining the right to represent Venezuela in the Miss Earth 2015 pageant. After Stephanie de Zorzi was declared as not the official representative for Miss Earth 2014 because of weight issues, Maira, who is next line, replaced de Zorzi to compete.

As Miss Earth 2014 had concluded, Maira was declared as Miss Earth - Water, making Venezuela the most victorious in winning the said title, with her being the fourth winner.

Maracay
Maracay (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾaˈkaj]) is a city in north-central Venezuela, near the Caribbean coast, and is the capital and most important city of the state of Aragua. Most of it falls under the jurisdiction of Girardot Municipality. The population of Maracay and its surroundings in the 2011 census was 955,362. In Venezuela, Maracay is known as "Ciudad Jardín" ("Garden City").
Land Tax (England)
The Land Tax was a land value tax levied in England from 1670 to 1963: perhaps the best-known of these is the Land Tax Act 1692 (4 Will. & Mar. c. 1). Land taxes were abolished by the Finance Act 1963. Taxes on land date back to the Norman Conquest and beyond, and the Land Tax introduced in 1692 was a natural successor to taxation acts in 1671 and 1689, but the Land Tax Act 1692 "has been regarded as a turning point in the history of English revenue collection. It was from this act that contemporaries and historians alike date what has come to be known as the eighteenth-century Land Tax". The land tax elements of the 1671, 1689 and 1692 acts were limited to one year but the 1798 act made the tax perpetual (until it was abolished in 1963).

A Land Tax had also applied in Scotland from 1667. After the Acts of Union 1707, the Scottish charge was included in subsequent acts of the Parliament of Great Britain.

Finance Act
A Finance Act is the headline fiscal (budgetary) legislation enacted by the UK Parliament, containing multiple provisions as to taxes, duties, exemptions and reliefs at least once per year, and in particular setting out the principal tax rates for each fiscal year.
2023 Tripoli clashes
In August 2023, clashes broke out in Tripoli, Libya, between the Special Deterrence Force (RADA) and the 444th Combat Brigade, two of the strongest military forces in the city. Both had supported the provisional Government of National Unity during the 2022 Tripoli clashes. Fighting erupted on 14 August when RADA fighters detained 444th Brigade commander Mahmoud Hamza and lasted until 15 August, which forced the city's main airport to close. At least 55 people were reported dead. This was the deadliest armed clash of 2023 in Tripoli.

444th Infantry Brigade (Libya)
The 444th Combat Brigade is a military unit operating under the Libyan Government of National Unity (GNU). It is based in Tripoli and is known for its structured command and operations against smuggling, organized crime, and human trafficking. The brigade operates mainly in urban areas and southern desert regions of Libya.
Gawain Poet
The "Gawain Poet" (/ˈɡɑːweɪn, ˈɡæ-, -wɪn, ɡəˈweɪn/ GA(H)-wayn, -⁠win, gə-WAYN; fl. late 14th century), or less commonly the "Pearl Poet", is the name given to the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, an alliterative poem written in 14th-century Middle English. Its author appears also to have written the poems Pearl, Patience, and Cleanness; some scholars suggest the author may also have composed Saint Erkenwald. Save for the last (found in BL-MS Harley 2250), all these works are known from a single surviving manuscript, the British Library holding 'Cotton MS' Nero A.x. This body of work includes some of the most highly-regarded poetry written in Middle English.

The Gawain Poet is unidentified. Various scholars have suggested that the poem is attributable to a member of the landed Massey family of Cheshire, and in particular John Massey of Cotton. This is not widely accepted, however, and the labels "Pearl Poet" or "Gawain Poet" are still preferred.

Pearl Manuscript
The Pearl Manuscript (British Library MS Cotton Nero A X/2), also known as the Gawain manuscript, is an illuminated manuscript produced somewhere in northern England in the late 14th century or the beginning of the 15th century.  It is one of the best-known Middle English manuscripts, the only one containing alliterative verse solely, and the oldest surviving English manuscript to have full-page illustrations.  It contains the only surviving copies of four of the masterpieces of medieval English literature: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Cleanness, and Patience.  It has been described as "one of the greatest manuscript treasures for medieval literature", and "the most famous of all romance manuscripts".
Geoffrey Holt (philanthropist)
Geoffrey Holt (March 27, 1941 – June 6, 2023) was an American groundskeeper, miller, factory worker, and town eccentric. On his death, he left US$3.8 million to his town of Hinsdale, New Hampshire.

Holt's wealth was unknown to his neighbors. His fortune came from investing a payout from a grain mill, where he was a production manager. Later in life he worked as a groundskeeper in a mobile home park where he resided, choosing to navigate town aboard a lawn mower rather than using a car.

Hinsdale, New Hampshire
Hinsdale is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,948 at the 2020 census. Hinsdale is home to part of Pisgah State Park in the northeast, and part of Wantastiquet Mountain State Forest in the northwest.

The main village in town, where 1,485 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Hinsdale census-designated place (CDP) and is located at the junction of New Hampshire routes 119 and 63.
John Sorrell (ice hockey)
John Arthur "Long John" Sorrell (January 16, 1906 — November 30, 1984) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger in the NHL playing for the Detroit Falcons (later renamed the Detroit Red Wings) and the New York Americans between 1930 and 1941. He later played for and coached the Indianapolis Capitals of the AHL, and retired in 1945. With the Red Wings he won the Stanley Cup twice, in 1936 and 1937.

1936 Stanley Cup Final
The 1936 Stanley Cup Final was contested by the Detroit Red Wings and the Toronto Maple Leafs. This was Detroit's second appearance in the Finals and Toronto's sixth. Detroit would win the series 3–1 to win their first Stanley Cup. This marked the sixth consecutive season of a different winner, and the eighth of the first ten teams (excluding the New York Americans and the Pittsburgh Pirates/Philadelphia Quakers, who never won the Cup) to win in the ten seasons since the Stanley Cup became exclusive to the NHL.
Gregor Townsend
Gregor Peter John Townsend MBE (born 26 April 1973) is a Scottish professional rugby union coach and former player who has been coaching the Scotland national team since 2017.

Townsend was previously the assistant coach from 2009 to 2012. As a player, he won 82 caps for Scotland and two for the British and Irish Lions. He is a former coach of Glasgow Warriors and was a player-coach for Border Reivers. As well as in Scotland, he played club rugby in Australia, England, France and South Africa. As coach of Scotland, his team won at Twickenham for the first time in 38 years in 2021. Townsend was selected as attack coach for the 2021 British & Irish Lions tour to South Africa.

Townsend was awarded an MBE in 1999 for services to rugby.

1999 Birthday Honours
The 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday were announced on 7 June 1999 in New Zealand and Niue, and on 12 June 1999 in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged firstly by the country whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
Family Circles
Family Circles (Les Parents) is a 1949 short documentary film directed by Morten Parker and produced by Gudrun Parker and Tom Daly for the National Film Board of Canada.

The film shows how the interplay of home and school influences the development of children. The experiences of three children illustrate vividly how parental indifference, lack of imagination, and emotional conflict at home can destroy the confidence and enthusiasm necessary for a child's success at school.

Tom Daly (filmmaker)
Thomas Cullen Daly OC (April 25, 1918 – September 18, 2011) was a Canadian film producer, film editor and film director, who was the head of Studio B at the National Film Board of Canada (NFB).

During his 44-year career, Daly produced, edited and/or directed 315 films.

His remarkable awards roster includes eight BAFTA awards, eight Venice Film Festival awards, seven Cannes Film Festival awards and ten Oscar nominations. On April 27, 2000, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada.
Rubus deamii
Rubus deamii, known as Deam's dewberry, is a North American species of dewberry in section Procumbentes (formerly Flagellares) of the genus Rubus, a member of the rose family. It grows in scattered locations in the east-central United States and southern Canada, from Ontario south to Missouri, Tennessee, and West Virginia, but nowhere is it very common. It was first identified in 1932 by Liberty Hyde Bailey and Sister Rose Agnes Greenwell, and Bailey named it Rubus rosagnetis in her honor.

Liberty Hyde Bailey
Liberty Hyde Bailey (March 15, 1858 – December 25, 1954) was an American horticulturist and advocate for rural reform in the United States.  He was cofounder of the American Society for Horticultural Science.: 10–15   During the Progressive Era, Bailey was instrumental in establishing the Cooperative Extension System, 4-H youth development programs, the nature study movement, parcel post, and rural electrification.:44  In 1903, Bailey founded the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and served as its first dean until 1913.  Bailey’s work was influential in defining rural sociology as a distinct and valuable field of study in the United States.
Sandplace
Sandplace (Cornish: Tewesva) is a small village in the parish of Morval, located two miles north of Looe in Cornwall, Great Britain. It is situated on the B3254, the old Liskeard to Looe road which connects the A387 to the south. The village lies alongside the East Looe river and has been served by Sandplace railway station, on the Looe Valley Line since 1881.

River Looe
The River Looe (Cornish: Logh, meaning deep water inlet) is a river in south-east Cornwall, which flows into the English Channel at Looe. It has two main branches, the East Looe River and the West Looe River. The eastern branch has its source near St Cleer only 0.31 miles (0.5 km) away from the Golitha Falls on the River Fowey, and flows south, passing close to the western outskirts of Liskeard. The western branch has its source near Dobwalls.
Spring Lake Park High School
Spring Lake Park High School (SLPHS) is a public high school in Spring Lake Park, Minnesota, United States. It is the only high school serving Spring Lake Park School District 16. In the 2020–2021 school year, it enrolled about 1,850 students, drawn primarily from the Minneapolis suburb of Spring Lake Park as well as parts of the suburbs of Blaine and Fridley. The Spring Lake Park Panthers are part of the North Suburban Conference.

Blaine, Minnesota
Blaine (/ˈbleɪn/ BLAYN) is a suburban city in Anoka and Ramsey counties in Minnesota, United States. Once a rural town, Blaine's population has increased significantly in the last 60 years. For several years, Blaine led the Twin Cities metro region in new home construction. The population was 70,222 at the 2020 census. The city is mainly in Anoka County, and is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

Interstate 35W, U.S. Highway 10, and Minnesota State Highway 65 are three of the main routes in the city.
Kneesworth Hall
Kneesworth Hall, also known as Kneesworth House or Kneesworth House Hospital, is an Edwardian mansion in England, located in Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth, 22.3 miles (35.9 km) south-west of Cambridge in South Cambridgeshire. It was the aristocratic seat of the Nightingale Family and Sydney Holland, 2nd Viscount of Knutsford, between 1600 and 1948. The mansion is set in expansive parkland and backed by a diverse range of foliage and forestry. In October 1984, it was registered as a Grade II listed building. Today, Kneesworth is an acute hospital owned by The Priory Group, a subsidiary of Acadia Healthcare headquartered in Tennessee.

Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth
Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth is a civil parish in the South Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire, England, 14 miles south-west of Cambridge and just north of Royston, Hertfordshire.  Since the 1960s the parish contains the villages of Bassingbourn and Kneesworth.

The parish is astride the Roman Ermine Street (now the A1198 and formerly the A14), and the two ancient tracks, Icknield Way and Ashwell Street. The Prime Meridian passes just to the east of the parish.
Casper Star-Tribune
The Casper Star-Tribune is a newspaper published in Casper, Wyoming. It is owned by Lee Enterprises. It is Wyoming's largest print newspaper, with a daily circulation of 23,760. The paper offers print editions on Tuesday's, Thursday's, and Saturday's.  The Star-Tribune covers local and state news. Its website, Trib.com, includes articles from the print paper, online updates, video and other multimedia content.

Casper, Wyoming
Casper is a city in, and the county seat of, Natrona County, Wyoming, United States. Casper is the second-most populous city in the state after Cheyenne, with the population at 59,038 as of the 2020 census. Casper is nicknamed "The Oil City" and has a long history of oil boomtown and cowboy culture, dating back to the development of the nearby Salt Creek Oil Field.

Casper is located in east central Wyoming on the North Platte River.
West Des Moines, Iowa
West Des Moines is a city in Iowa, United States. Most of the city is in Polk County, some of it is in Dallas County, and small portions extend into Warren and Madison Counties.

As of the 2020 census, the city population was 68,723. West Des Moines is the second most populous city in the Des Moines metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in Iowa.

Raccoon River
The Raccoon River is a 30.8-mile-long (49.6 km) tributary of the Des Moines River in central Iowa in the United States.  As measured using the longest of its three forks, its length increases to 226 miles (364 km). Via the Des Moines River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. The river runs through an intensely cultivated area of croplands and livestock farming, receiving Tile drainage from slow-draining rich natural bottomland.

The Des Moines metropolitan area has been obtaining its drinking water from the Raccoon River just before it empties into the Des Moines River through water utilities since the 19th century. During the Great Flood of 1993, the Raccoon River flooded the water treatment facility of Des Moines, shutting off the city's supply of drinking water.
Coles County Zipline
Coles County Zipline is a provider of mass transportation in Coles County, Illinois, with deviated fixed-routes serving Charleston and Mattoon. As of 2020, the system provided 18,863 rides over 2,688 annual vehicle revenue hours. The service is a division of Dial-a-Ride Rural Public Transportation, which also provides demand-response service to Coles and Douglas Counties.

Mattoon station
Mattoon station is an Amtrak intercity train station in Mattoon, Illinois, United States. The station is a flag stop on the City of New Orleans route, served only when passengers have tickets to and from the station. It is a regular stop for the Illini and Saluki.
Elias James Corey
Elias James Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis", specifically retrosynthetic analysis.

Priestley Medal
The Priestley Medal is the highest honor conferred by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and is awarded for distinguished service in the field of chemistry. Established in 1922, the award is named after Joseph Priestley, one of the discoverers of oxygen, who immigrated to the United States of America in 1794.  The ACS formed in 1876, spearheaded by a group of chemists who had met two years previously in Priestley's home.

The Priestley Medal is among the most distinguished awards in the chemical sciences, behind the Wolf Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Consequently, it is commonly awarded to scientists who are advanced in their fields, as it is intended to commemorate lifetime achievement.  When the ACS started presenting the Priestley Medal in 1923, they intended to award it every three years.  This continued until 1944, when it became an annual award.
Distributed transmission system
In North American digital terrestrial television broadcasting, a distributed transmission system (DTS or DTx) is a form of single-frequency network in which a single broadcast signal is fed via microwave, landline, or communications satellite to multiple synchronized terrestrial radio transmitter sites. The signal is then simultaneously broadcast on the same frequency in different overlapping portions of the same coverage area, effectively combining many small transmitters to generate a broadcast area rivaling that of one large transmitter or to fill gaps in coverage due to terrain or localized obstacles.

WTVE
WTVE (channel 51) is a television station licensed to Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, United States, serving the Philadelphia area and primarily airing paid programming from OnTV4U. It is owned by WRNN-TV Associates alongside Princeton, New Jersey–licensed ShopHQ affiliate WMCN-TV (channel 44) and Trenton, New Jersey–licensed Class A station WPHY-CD (channel 25). WTVE and WPHY-CD share studios on East State Street in Trenton; through a channel sharing agreement, the two stations transmit using WPHY-CD's spectrum from an antenna in the Roxborough section of Philadelphia.
Heroine (2012 film)
Heroine (Hindi pronunciation: [ˈɦiːɾoːɪn]) is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language psychological drama film written, directed, and co-produced by Madhur Bhandarkar. The film stars Kareena Kapoor as Mahi Arora, a once-successful film actress whose career is on the decline, alongside Arjun Rampal and Randeep Hooda in supporting roles.

Heroine was released on 21 September 2012 across 2000 screens, coinciding with Kapoor's 32nd birthday. Despite mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, Kapoor's performance received widespread critical acclaim, and is considered to be one of her best performances. Kapoor received a Best Actress nomination at the 58th Filmfare Awards for her performance in the film.

Raqesh Bapat
Raqesh Bapat is an Indian actor and model. He is known for his work in films like Tum Bin (2001), Koi Mere Dil Mein Hai (2005), Vrundavan (2016) and Savita Damodar Paranjape (2018) and television shows like Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar (2005–2008), Maryada: Lekin Kab Tak? (2010–2012) and Qubool Hai (2014). He was ranked 16th in The Times of India's Top 20 Most Desirable Men of Maharashtra in 2017.
Aran jumper
The Aran jumper (Irish: Geansaí Árann), also called a fisherman's jumper or a gansey, is a style of jumper that takes its name from the Aran Islands off the west coast of Ireland. A traditional Aran Jumper usually is off-white in colour, with cable patterns on the body and sleeves. Originally the jumpers were knitted using unscoured wool that retained its natural oils (lanolin) which made the garments water-resistant and meant they remained wearable even when wet.

Use of the word jumper (or other options such as "pullover" and "jersey") is largely determined by the regional version of English used. In the case of Ireland, Britain and Australia, "jumper" is the standard word, "jersey" is used in South Africa and New Zealand, whereas "sweater" is mainly found in tourist shops and in North America. The word used in Irish is geansaí.

Cable knitting
Cable knitting is a style of knitting in which textures of crossing layers are achieved by permuting stitches. For example, given four stitches appearing on the needle in the order ABCD, one might cross the first two (in front of or behind) the next two, so that in subsequent rows those stitches appear in the new order CDAB.
Blackburn River
The Blackburn River is on West Falkland in the Falkland Islands. It is in the north of the island, and empties into Byron Sound. The name is a tautology, since "burn" is a Lowland Scots/Northern English word referring to a small river or large brook.

Byron Sound
Byron Sound (Spanish: Bahia San Francisco de Paula) is a large fjord-like bay on the coast of West Falkland in the Falkland Islands, facing northwards. There is one main settlement on the bay: Hill Cove, and it contains numerous islands, including Saunders Island. It appears to be the glacially enlarged estuary of the Blackburn River.