hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cycle basis
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a cycle basis of an undirected graph is a set of simple cycles that forms a basis of the cycle space of the graph. That is, it is a minimal set of cycles that allows every even-degree subgraph to be expressed as a symmetric difference of basis cycles.

A fundamental cycle basis may be formed from any spanning tree or spanning forest of the given graph, by selecting the cycles formed by the combination of a path in the tree and a single edge outside the tree. Alternatively, if the edges of the graph have positive weights, the minimum weight cycle basis may be constructed in polynomial time.

In planar graphs, the set of bounded cycles of an embedding of the graph forms a cycle basis. The minimum weight cycle basis of a planar graph corresponds to the Gomory–Hu tree of the dual graph.

Cycle (graph theory)
In graph theory, a cycle in a graph is a non-empty trail in which only the first and last vertices are equal. A directed cycle in a directed graph is a non-empty directed trail in which only the first and last vertices are equal.

A graph without cycles is called an acyclic graph. A directed graph without directed cycles is called a directed acyclic graph. A connected graph without cycles is called a tree.
Las Flores Partido
Las Flores Partido is a partido of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.

The provincial subdivision has a population of about 23,000 inhabitants in an area of 3,340 km2 (1,290 sq mi), and its capital city is Las Flores, which is 186 km (116 mi) from Buenos Aires. It is connected to the rest of the province by National Route 3 and Provincial Routes RP 30, RP 61 and RP 63.

National Route 3 (Argentina)
Ruta Nacional 3 ("National Route 3") is an Argentine highway on that runs north-south on the eastern side of the country, between the capital and the southernmost part of the country. It starts at Avenida General Paz (A001) in Buenos Aires, crosses the provinces of Buenos Aires, Río Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz, ending at the bridge over Lapataia River in Tierra del Fuego. It is 3,045 kilometres (1,892 mi) long.

The road is interrupted between km 2674 and 2696 by the Magellan Strait, which forces access between Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego Provinces through Chile, over Ruta CH-255 and Ruta CH-257, paved 57 kilometres (35 mi) north of the strait and paved and treated 148 kilometres (92 mi) south of it. The Magellan Strait itself is crossed by a ferry where it is 4.65 kilometres (2.89 mi) wide, taking twenty minutes.

National Decree 1931 of 3 August 1983 named the part of the road south of National Route 22 (starting at km marker 719) Comandante Luis Piedrabuena.
Early Recordings (Joan Osborne album)
Early Recordings is an album by Joan Osborne released on November 5, 1996.
Except for "His Eyes Are a Blue Million Miles," it consists of live recordings, mostly from Osborne's debut album, Soul Show: Live at Delta 88.

Joan Osborne
Joan Elizabeth Osborne (born July 8, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, and interpreter of music, having recorded and performed in various popular American musical genres including rock, pop, soul, R&B, blues, and country. She is best known for her recording of the Eric Bazilian-penned song "One of Us" from her debut album, Relish (1995). Both the single and the album became worldwide hits and garnered a combined seven Grammy Award nominations. Osborne has toured with Motown sidemen the Funk Brothers and was featured in the documentary film about them, Standing in the Shadows of Motown (2002).
The Burlington Magazine
The Burlington Magazine is a monthly publication that covers the fine and decorative arts of all periods. Established in 1903, it is the longest running and most distinguished art journal in the English language. It has been published by a charitable organisation since 1986. From 2018 it has also published the online, open-access contemporary art platform, Burlington Contemporary.

Herbert Read
Sir Herbert Edward Read, DSO, MC (/riːd/; 4 December 1893 – 12 June 1968) was an English art historian, poet, literary critic and philosopher, best known for numerous books on art, which included influential volumes on the role of art in education. Read was co-founder of the Institute of Contemporary Arts. As well as being a prominent English anarchist, he was one of the earliest English writers to take notice of existentialism. He was co-editor with Michael Fordham and Gerhard Adler of the British edition in English of The Collected Works of C. G. Jung.

He was a professor of fine art at Edinburgh University from 1931 to 1933, a lecturer in art at the University of Liverpool (1935-36), Leon Fellow at University of London (1940-42), and Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry at Harvard University (1953-54).
Il bravo
Il bravo, ossia La Veneziana ("The Assassin, or The Venetian Woman") is an opera in three acts by Saverio Mercadante to an Italian-language libretto by Gaetano Rossi and Marco Marcello. Their libretto was based on the play La Vénétienne by Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois, which was in turn based on James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Bravo. The opera premiered on 9 March 1839 at La Scala, Milan and subsequently played throughout Italy and abroad. The opera was still being occasionally performed and recorded in the 20th century. and was hailed as an "exciting rediscovery" when it was staged by the Wexford Festival in 2018.

The Bravo
The Bravo is a novel by James Fenimore Cooper first published in 1831 in two volumes. Inspired by a trip to Europe where he traveled through much of Italy, the novel is set in Venice. The Bravo is the first of Cooper's three novels to be set in Europe. This group of three novels, which one critic would call Cooper's "European trilogy", include The Heidenmauer and The Headsman. Like his other novels set in Europe, The Bravo was not very well received in the United States. The book largely focuses on political themes, especially the tension between the social elite and other classes.
Bill Bellamy's Who's Got Jokes?
Bill Bellamy's Who's Got Jokes? (also known as Who's Got Jokes?) is a one-hour televised stand-up comedy competition hosted by Bill Bellamy which airs on cable television network TV One.

The original run was from August 22, 2006 until October 4, 2009. It features Thomas Mikal Ford as the "Pope of Comedy" and Rodney Perry as the "Man on the Street." Each episode, four contestants have to give a nice, clean three-minute comedy. If they curse or go over their time, the "Pope of Comedy" takes away a point.

Season One winner was George Willborn, a.k.a. "The Stress Reliever," who has gone on to co-host Baisden After Dark on TV One. Season Two winner was Shawn Morgan. Season Three winner was Lav Luv. Season Four winner was J. Reid.

Thomas Mikal Ford
Thomas Mikal Ford (September 5, 1964 – October 12, 2016) was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for his role as Thomas "Tommy" Strawn in the sitcom Martin, which originally aired from 1992 until 1997. He also had a recurring role as Mel Parker in the sitcom The Parkers from 1999 until 2001. He also was known for his role as Lt. Malcolm Barker on New York Undercover.
Boquillas, Texas
Boquillas was a small settlement in Texas, United States, located on the northern banks of the Rio Grande. It was located within Brewster County, five miles (8 km) northeast of San Vicente.  The place existed to service the mining operations at Boquillas del Carmen, Mexico, just across the Rio Grande.

Between 1901 and 1936, María G. Sada ran "Chata's Place", the only store and restaurant in the Boquillas area at that time.

Boquillas is now in Big Bend National Park.  It is now usually known as Rio Grande Village, and consists of a ranger station and other buildings to serve visitors to the park.

The Rio Grande border crossing to Boquillas del Carmen was closed in 2002. On January 7, 2011, the U.S. National Park Service announced plans to reopen the crossing. After multiple delays, the unmanned border station was finally opened on April 11, 2013.

Brewster County, Texas
Brewster County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in West Texas and its county seat (and only city) is Alpine. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region, and borders Mexico. Brewster County is the largest county by area in the state - at 6,192 square miles (16,040 km2) it is over three times the size of the state of Delaware, and more than 500 square miles (1,300 km2) bigger than Connecticut.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,546.

The county is named for Colonel Henry Percy Brewster, a Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas.
Ardwick train depot
The Ardwick train depot is a passenger multiple unit maintenance depot in Ardwick, Greater Manchester. The depot was opened in 2006 for the servicing of Siemens-built Class 185 DMUs, which are used on the TransPennine Express franchise. It was electrified in 2012–13 to allow the servicing of Siemens Class 350/4 EMUs.

British Rail Class 350
The British Rail Class 350 Desiro is a class of electric multiple unit passenger train built by Siemens Mobility to its Desiro design between 2004 and 2014. Fifty are operated by West Midlands Trains, having previously been operated by Central Trains, Silverlink, Southern, London Midland, First TransPennine Express and TransPennine Express. The remaining 37 are in store.
Jack Kelly (hurler)
Jack Kelly (born 1996) is a hurler who plays for Laois Senior Championship club Rathdowney–Errill and at inter-county level with the Laois senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a right wing-back.

Rathdowney–Errill GAA
Rathdowney–Errill GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association hurling club in County Laois, Ireland. The club colours are green and red.

The club was created in 2005 by the complete amalgamation at all levels of hurling of neighbouring clubs Errill and Rathdowney. Both the Rathdowney and Errill Clubs remain as separate football clubs competing in the Laois Junior B Football Championship.
Mexia-Nelleva Cutoff
The Mexia-Nelleva Cutoff was a railroad cutoff constructed between Nelleva and Mexia, in eastern Texas. It has not been used since 1933, when it was abandoned by its owner, the Houston and Texas Central Railway (H&TC).

Nelleva, Texas
Nelleva is an unincorporated community in Brazos County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, no population estimates were available for the community in 2000. It is located within the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.
Volkswagen Talagon
The Volkswagen Talagon (Chinese: 大众揽境; pinyin: Dàzhòng Lǎnjìng) is a full-size crossover SUV with three-row seating manufactured by the German automaker Volkswagen through FAW-Volkswagen joint venture in China since 2021. It is the largest SUV model produced by the company and also the second largest vehicle based on the MQB platform, after the Viloran minivan.

FAW-Volkswagen
FAW-Volkswagen Automobile Co., Ltd. is a joint venture between FAW Group and Volkswagen Group which manufactures Audi and Volkswagen marque passenger cars for sale in China. It was founded on 6 February 1991.

FAW-VW is headquartered in the south-western fringes of Changchun, Jilin Province, where it also has two vehicle assembly plants. It has an additional assembly plant in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and a fourth plant is under construction in Foshan, Guangdong Province. FAW-VW is capable of producing the cars based on the platforms of PQ34, PQ35 and PQ46.

FAW-VW's year-on-year production volume exceeded 513,000 units as of 31 July 2009.
Rezo (film)
Rezo (Russian: Знаешь, мама, где я был?, romanized: Znaesh', mama, gde ya byl, lit. 'Do you know, mom, where I have been?') is a 2018 Russian animated semi-autobiographical film directed by Leo Gabriadze based on the memories and illustrations of his father, theatre and film director, writer and artist Rezo Gabriadze. Produced by the Bazelevs Company with the support of the Russian Ministry of Culture, the film had its world premiere on 23 April 2018 in the showroom and cinema halls of the GUM. The film won Best Animated Feature Film at the 12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards.

Levan Gabriadze
Levan "Leo" Gabriadze (Georgian: ლევან რევაზის ძე გაბრიაძე, Levan Revazis dze Gabriadze; Russian: Лева́н Рева́зович Габриа́дзе, Levan Revazovich Gabriadze; born 16 November 1969) is a Georgian-Russian actor and film director. He is best known for directing the 2014 horror film Unfriended.
Space Jazz
Space Jazz: The soundtrack of the book Battlefield Earth is a music album and soundtrack companion to the novel Battlefield Earth by L. Ron Hubbard, released in 1982. Hubbard composed the music for the album.

Nicky Hopkins
Nicholas Christian Hopkins (24 February 1944 – 6 September 1994) was an English pianist and organist. He performed on many British and American rock music recordings from the 1960s to the 1990s, including on songs recorded by the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Who, the Kinks, the Steve Miller Band, Jefferson Airplane, Rod Stewart, George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, the Hollies, Cat Stevens, Carly Simon, Harry Nilsson, Joe Walsh, Peter Frampton, Jerry Garcia, Jeff Beck, Joe Cocker, Art Garfunkel, Badfinger, Quicksilver Messenger Service and Donovan. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest studio pianists in the history of popular rock music.

In 2025, Hopkins was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the Musical Excellence Award category.
Pestovo, Pestovsky District, Novgorod Oblast
Pestovo (Russian: Песто́во) is a town and the administrative center of Pestovsky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located in the Valdai Hills on the Mologa River. Population:  15,903 (2010 census); 15,990 (2002 census); 15,941 (1989 Soviet census).

Novgorod Oblast
Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Новгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Novgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa, are located in the oblast. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod and surroundings have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Population: 583,387 (2021 Census).
Mungo ESK
The Mungo ESK (Einsatzfahrzeug Spezialisierte Kräfte) is an air-transportable, armoured multirole transport vehicle operated by the Airmobile Operations Division and the Rapid Forces Division of the German Army.

The Mungo is based on the Multicar M30/FUMO and is produced by KNDS Deutschland (formerly Krauss-Maffei Wegmann). Delivery of 396 Mungos to the German Army began in 2005.

In 2007 all Mungos deployed to the ISAF mission were withdrawn, because the Mungo proved incapable of withstanding the harsh terrain and road conditions of Afghanistan. However, in 2008 the problems were fixed and Mungos were redeployed in Afghanistan.

On May 19, 2009, the German Army ordered a prototype and 25 serial NBC (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical) reconnaissance versions of the Mungo with increased internal volume.

Airmobile Operations Division (Germany)
Airmobile Operations Division (Division Luftbewegliche Operationen) was a division of the German Army. The division was founded on 1 July 2002 and reported for duty 8 October 2002. Airmobile Operations Division consisted of approximately 14,500 soldiers, 350 of which were stationed at divisional headquarters in Veitshöchheim, Germany.

In October 2011 the German Federal Ministry of Defence announced a reorganisation/reduction of the German Armed Forces. As a consequence, Airmobile Operations Division was dissolved and those units not being disbanded altogether were either transferred to other parts of the armed forces or incorporated into a different command structure. The division itself was officially disbanded on 26 June 2014 and was integrated into the 10th Armoured Division which relocated from Sigmaringen to Veitshöchheim.
Dark Streets of Cairo
Dark Streets of Cairo is a 1940 American mystery film directed by László Kardos and starring Sigrid Gurie, Ralph Byrd, Eddie Quillan, George Zucco and Katherine DeMille. The central plot of the film concerns " [A group of] jewel smugglers in Cairo [who] try to pin their crimes on a kidnapped baron".

Katherine DeMille
Katherine Lester DeMille (born Katherine Paula Lester; June 29, 1911 – April 27, 1995) was an American actress who played 25 credited film roles from the mid-1930s to the late 1940s.

The adopted daughter of director Cecil B. DeMille, she was considered Hollywood royalty and was noted for her dark beauty. Her first credited role was featured in Viva Villa! (1934). She signed a contract with Paramount Pictures and portrayed Princess Alice of France in her father's epic The Crusades (1935) and also starred in The Sky Parade (1936).

DeMille continued her career at 20th Century Fox and other studios until 1941, when she retired to dedicate her time to her family. She returned to films with roles in Black Gold and Unconquered (both 1947) and starred in her final film, The Judge, in 1949. In his autobiography, her father wrote that she "has carried the name DeMille on for another generation in motion pictures as a talented actress."
Calvenzano
Calvenzano (Bergamasque: Colvensà or Carvensà) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,618 and an area of 6.5 square kilometres (2.5 sq mi).

Calvenzano borders the following municipalities: Arzago d'Adda, Caravaggio, Casirate d'Adda, Misano di Gera d'Adda, Treviglio, Vailate.

Treviglio
Treviglio (Italian: [treˈviʎʎo] ⓘ; Bergamasque: Treì) is an Italian comune with a population of 31,479 inhabitants in the Province of Bergamo, Lombardy. As the second most populous comune in the province, it is situated in the heart of the Po Valley, approximately 22 km (14 mi) south of the provincial capital, Bergamo.

Founded during the Early Middle Ages through the unification of three settlements for defensive purposes, Treviglio serves as the main hub of the Gera d'Adda region. Its strategic location is underscored by its position at the crossroads of roads and railways connecting it to Bergamo, Brescia, Cremona, Lodi, and Milan.
Christine Egerszegi
Christine Egerszegi-Obrist (born 29 May 1948) is a Swiss politician.  She was a member of the Swiss Council of States from 2007 to 2015 and the National Council from 1995 to 2007.  From 2006 to 2007, she was the President of the Swiss National Council. In the 2007 federal election, she became the first female representative of Aargau in the Council of States.

2007 Swiss federal election
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007. For the 48th legislative term of the federal parliament (2007–2011), voters in 26 cantons elected all 200 members of the National Council as well as 43 out of 46 members of the Council of States. The other three members of the Council of States for that term of service were elected at an earlier date.

On 12 December 2007, the newly elected legislature elected the Swiss federal government, the Swiss Federal Council, for a four-year-term.

The results reflected yet another rise in support for the strongest party, the right-wing populist Swiss People's Party, at 29% of the popular vote, and the growth of the Green and Green Liberal parties at the expense of the  Social Democrats.
Magnus I, Duke of Mecklenburg
Magnus I, Duke of Mecklenburg (1345 – 1 September 1384) was Duke of Mecklenburg from 1383 until his death.  Magnus was the third son of Duke Albert II of Mecklenburg and his wife Euphemia of Sweden, the sister of the King Magnus IV of Sweden.  Sometime after 1362, he married Elizabeth of Pomerania-Wolgast, daughter of Barnim IV, Duke of Pomerania.

Magnus had two children:

John IV, Regent of Mecklenburg from 1384 to 1395 and co-regent from 1395 to 1422

Euphemia (d. 16 October 1417);

married on 18 October 1397 with Lord Balthasar of Werle

After the death of his brother Henry III in 1383, he ruled Mecklenburg jointly with Henry's son Albert IV until his own death in 1384.

Euphemia of Sweden
Euphemia of Sweden (Swedish: Eufemia Eriksdotter; 1317 – 16 June 1370) was a Swedish princess. She was Duchess consort of Mecklenburg, heiress of Sweden and of Norway, and mother of King Albert of Sweden. 
(c. 1338 – 1412).
Historias de corceles y de acero
Historias de corceles y de acero is an Argentine book written by Daniel Balmaceda in 2010, in the context of the Argentina Bicentennial. The main topic is the Argentine War of Independence, but rather than being written as a history book it provides trivial information about the peoples involved in it, specific anecdotes or related information. The author explained in the prologue that "The history of the nation is more humane than we usually imagine".

The name of the book comes from a line of the March of San Lorenzo.

Argentina Bicentennial
The Argentina Bicentennial (Spanish: bicentenario argentino) was a series of ceremonies, festivals, and observances celebrated on May 25, 2010, and throughout the year. They commemorated the 200th anniversary of the May Revolution, a sequence of historical events that led to the Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros being ousted from office and replaced with the Primera Junta, the first national government.

Bicentennial celebrations began on Friday, May 21 in Buenos Aires, with millions of people in attendance, making them the biggest outdoor festivities Argentina had seen since it celebrated its return to democratic rule after seven years of military dictatorship in 1983.
Llŷr
Llŷr (Welsh: Llŷr Llediaith (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɬɨːr ˈɬɛðjaiθ]); Lleddiaith meaning 'half-speech' or 'half-language') is a figure in Welsh mythology, related to the Irish Ler ('the Sea'), father of Manannán mac Lir. Other than his progeny and odd tidbits, his identity remains obscure.

Llŷr appears as the father of Brân, Brânwen and Manawydan by Penarddun in the Branwen, Daughter of Llyr, the Second Branch of the Mabinogi.

The Welsh Triads states that Llŷr was imprisoned by Euroswydd, and presumably, Penarddun subsequently married Euroswydd, giving birth by Euroswydd to her two younger sons, Nisien and Efnisien, as stated in the Second Branch.

William Shakespeare's play King Lear is based on material taken secondhand (through Raphael Holinshed) from Geoffrey of Monmouth's mythical king King Leir, who has often been connected, but is likely unrelated, to Llŷr.

Raphael Holinshed
Raphael Holinshed (/ˈhɒlɪnʃɛd/; c. 1525 – before 24 April 1582) was an English chronicler, who was most famous for his work on The Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande, commonly known as Holinshed's Chronicles. It was the "first complete printed history of England composed as a continuous narrative". The Holinshed Chronicles was a major influence on many Renaissance writers, such as Shakespeare, Spenser, Daniel and Marlowe.