hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nawayath
The Nawayath (IPA: [nəʋajət̪], also spelled as Navayath and Nawayat and also called Nait, Naiti, Naithee and Naita) are an Indian community and a subgroup of Konkani Muslims. They speak the Nawayathi language with Konkani as its base.

The term, as described by Qanoon-e-Islam, Mark Wilks and The Imperial Gazetteer of India, means "new comers" in Persian, referring to Arab emigrants in India.

Indian historian Omar Khalidi says they are one of three groups of Indian Muslims who have used the Nawayath name. These groups have common origins in Oman, Yemen, the Persian Gulf and the Iran and Iraq regions, where they were mariners and merchants. One group is based mainly in Bhatkal, Manki, Tonse, Malpe, Shiroor, Gangolli, Sagar, Kumta, Kandlur and Murdeshwar villages in Karnataka, while another is found in Chennai in Tamil Nadu. The third group are generally known today as Konkani Muslims, after the region in which they live.

Gangolli
Gangolli (also Ganguli) is a town in Kundapur Taluk of Udupi district in Karnataka state. It is situated at the estuary of the Panchagangavalli River. It is located on a peninsula on the west coast of Karnataka. It is bordered by the river to the east and by the Arabian Sea to the west.

The town was originally spelt as "Ganguli", but is now more commonly spelled as "Gangolli".  The postal seal however still uses the old spelling.
The Secret Warning
The Secret Warning is the seventeenth volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate in collaboration by John Button and Leslie McFarlane in 1938. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1966 by James D. Lawrence resulting in two different stories with the same title.

Leslie McFarlane
Charles Leslie McFarlane (October 25, 1902 – September 6, 1977) was a Canadian journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and filmmaker, who is most famous for ghostwriting many of the early books in the very successful Hardy Boys series, using the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon.
Mill Creek Historic District (Bunker Hill, West Virginia)
Mill Creek Historic District is a national historic district located at Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It encompasses nine contributing buildings, eight contributing sites, and three contributing objects that relate to an early industrial-commercial center in the county.  They include: the Mill Creek Bridge (c. 1914), Henry Sherrard Mill (c. 1790), Robert Daniels House (c. 1790), John Gray House, Henshaw Log House (c. 1820), "Springhill" (late 18th century), Henshaw Miller's House (c. 1780), "Springfield" (c. 1775), Holliday Mill Sites, Bunker Hill Cumberland Valley Railroad Bridge, Stephenson's Tavern, Morgan Park including two State markers and monument (1924) to Morgan Morgan, Elisha Boyd Mill Sites, Joel Ward Mill ruins, Bunker Hill Mill Complex, and Joel Ward House (c. 1750, burned 1988).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Bunker Hill, West Virginia
Bunker Hill is an unincorporated community in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States, located in the lower Shenandoah Valley on Winchester Pike (U.S. Route 11) at its junction with County Route 26 south of Martinsburg. It is the site of the confluence of Torytown Run and Mill Creek, a tributary of Opequon Creek which flows into Winchester, Virginia. According to the 2000 census, the Bunker Hill community has a population of 5,319.
Gus Luck
Augustus Jules Luck (de Luc) was an explorer and gold prospector in Western Australia. Luck is credited with teaching explorer David Wynford Carnegie the bushmanship that enabled him to lead his expedition from Coolgardie to Halls Creek and return (1896–97), a journey of over three thousand miles and thirteen months in the desert which Carnegie describes in his book Spinifex and Sand.

David Carnegie (explorer)
David Wynford Carnegie (23 March 1871 – 27 November 1900) was an explorer and gold prospector in Western Australia. In 1896 he led an expedition from Coolgardie through the Gibson and Great Sandy Deserts to Halls Creek, and then back again.
The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert for AIDS Awareness, also known as A Concert for Life, was a benefit concert by British rock band Queen and a number of supporting artists. It took place on 20 April 1992, at Wembley Stadium in London, England.

The concert was a posthumous tribute to Queen's lead vocalist, Freddie Mercury, who had died of an AIDS-related illness on 24 November 1991. It was broadcast live worldwide, and watched by an estimated one billion people.

Proceeds from the concert totalled £20 million, and were used to launch the Mercury Phoenix Trust.

Gary Cherone
Gary Francis Cherone (/ʃəˈroʊn/ shə-ROHN; born July 26, 1961) is an American rock singer and songwriter. Cherone is known for his work as the lead vocalist of the Boston rock group Extreme and Van Halen.
Shōgitai
The Shōgitai (彰義隊, "Manifest Righteousness Regiment") was an elite samurai shock infantry formation of the Tokugawa shogunate military formed in 1868 by the hatamoto Amano Hachirō and Hitotsubashi Gosankyō retainer Shibusawa Seiichirō in Zōshigaya, Edo (now Tokyo). The Shōgitai took a large part in the battles of the Boshin War, especially at the Battle of Toba–Fushimi, and, after being assigned the defence of Kan'ei-ji temple, the Battle of Ueno, where they were nearly annihilated.

After the Battle of Ueno, some surviving Shōgitai fled north, eventually joining the rebels of the Ezo Republic. Following the defeat of Ezo, most of the few remaining former Shōgitai settled in Hokkaido as tondenhei. Among the survivors was Toyohara Chikanobu, who later achieved fame as a master nishiki-e artist.

Tondenhei
The tondenhei (屯田兵, Soldiers stationed in the fields, literally "field-encampment soldiers") were military settler colonists recruited after the Meiji Restoration to develop and defend Japan's northern frontier in Hokkaidō and Karafuto against foreign states, particularly Imperial Russia. The term tonden comes from ancient China, where colonist militias were also employed to defend imperial frontiers. The first recruits in Japan were former samurai whose feudal lords had opposed the Meiji forces and whose domains were therefore abolished, leaving them without gainful employment. Later recruits included commoners as well as samurai.
E. J. Su
E. J. Su is an American comic book artist and penciller. He was born in Taiwan and moved to the United States at the age of 14. He is best known for his work on IDW Publishing's Transformers (2005) comic book. He also worked as illustrator for Castlevania: Belmont Legacy.

He has also worked for Image Comics on Tech Jacket (2002), a six-issue limited series, with writer Robert Kirkman. In 2025, he also began his work on Blood & Thunder with msassyk as another artist, and Benito Cereno writing for the series. Blood & Thunder was also made in partnership with Robert Kirkman.

Tech Jacket
Tech Jacket is an American comic book created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist E. J. Su, first published monthly by Image Comics from November 2002 to April 2003. The series follows Zack Thompson, a high school student, who inherits and permanently bonds with a powerful suit of technologically advanced armor and weaponry from a dying alien, which grants him incredible strength, speed, flight, durability, and protection. Zack is thrust into the larger universe of intergalactic politics, wars, and alien species. He helps defend Earth and space from various cosmic threats while dealing with the burdens of being a teen superhero.

Tech Jacket makes an appearance in the third season of the Prime Video TV series Invincible.
Manuel Izquierdo
Manuel Izquierdo (September 26, 1925 – July 17, 2009) was a sculptor and woodcut artist. He is best known for his abstract, organic welded-metal sculptural forms and his sturdy woodcut prints.

Izquierdo was born Manuel Izquierdo Torres in Madrid, Spain, in 1925, the son of a bricklayer.  He and his siblings fled Spain in 1936, spending some years in France and finally moving to the United States in 1942 through the help of the American Friends Service Committee, settling in Portland, Oregon. After graduating from the Museum Art School (now known as the Pacific Northwest College of Art) under sculptor Frederic Littman in 1951, Izquierdo taught there for the next 46 years. His work was shown throughout the northwestern United States, as well as in a collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

He received the Oregon Governor's Arts Award in 1991. He died on July 17, 2009, in Portland.

Frederic Littman
Frederic Littman (1907–1979) was a Hungarian-American sculptor, whose large sculpted public artwork, frequent collaborations with architect Pietro Belluschi, and four decades of teaching "left a towering artistic legacy in Oregon".
United States Innovation and Competition Act
The United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 (USICA) (S. 1260), formerly known as the Endless Frontier Act, was United States legislation sponsored by Senators Chuck Schumer (D-NY) and Todd Young (R-IN) authorizing $110 billion for basic and advanced technology research over a five-year period. Investment in basic and advanced research, commercialization, and education and training programs in artificial intelligence, semiconductors, quantum computing, advanced communications, biotechnology and advanced energy, amounts to $100 billion. Over $10 billion was authorized for appropriation to designate ten regional technology hubs and create a supply chain crisis-response program. The act is aimed at competing with China and to respond to US fears of an AI Cold War.

A modified version of the bill became law on August 9, 2022, as the CHIPS and Science Act.

Todd Young
Todd Christopher Young (born August 24, 1972) is an American politician and attorney serving as the senior United States senator from Indiana, a seat he has held since 2017. A member of the Republican Party, Young previously served as the U.S. representative for Indiana's 9th congressional district. He was elected to the United States Senate in the November 8, 2016, general election, succeeding retiring Republican Dan Coats, and became Indiana's senior senator in January 2019 when Joe Donnelly left the seat following his defeat. From 2019 to 2021, he served as the chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee. Young was reelected in 2022.
Michael Raffetto
Michael Raffetto (born Elwyn Creighton Raffetto; December 31, 1899 – May 31, 1990) was an American radio actor who starred as Paul Barbour (1932–1956) in the NBC Radio series One Man's Family and as Jack Packard in I Love a Mystery during the heyday of radio in the 1930s and 1940s.

Storm Center
Storm Center is a 1956 American dramatic film starring Bette Davis and directed by Daniel Taradash. The screenplay by Taradash and Elick Moll focuses on the controversial subjects of communism and censorship.
Champions Cup (All-Ireland)
The Champions Cup (known as the Unite the Union Champions Cup for sponsorship purposes) was a cross-border association football super cup, run for a single edition in 2019, that featured the league champions from both football associations on the island of Ireland. The competition saw the League of Ireland Premier Division champions from the Republic of Ireland face the NIFL Premiership champions from Northern Ireland. The Champions Cup was the successor to the Setanta Sports Cup, the previous all-Ireland competition which ran from 2005 until 2014. The Champions Cup was sponsored by Unite the Union, the British and Irish trade union. The 2019 edition was the only one contested and, as of 2022, there was reportedly little prospect of the competition returning.

NIFL Premiership
The NIFL Premiership, known as the Sports Direct Premiership for sponsorship purposes but most commonly called the Irish League and sometimes the Irish Premiership, is a professional association football league which operates as the highest division of the Northern Ireland Football League. The NIFL Premiership was established as the IFA Premiership in 2008 under the auspices of the Irish Football Association as the successor to the Irish Premier League, before the Northern Ireland Football League was created for the start of the 2013–14 season. At the end of the season, the champion club is presented with the Gibson Cup.

Linfield are the current champions, winning their 56th Irish League title in the 2024–25 season.
Norman N. Holland
Norman N. Holland (September 19, 1927, New York City - September 28, 2017) was an American literary critic and Marston-Milbauer Eminent Scholar Emeritus at the University of Florida.

Holland's scholarship focused largely on psychoanalytic criticism and cognitive poetics, subjects on which he wrote fifteen books and nearly 250 scholarly articles. He is widely recognized for his scholarship specifically related to psychoanalytic applications in literary study. He was known as a major scholar of literary theory, primarily for having been one of the pioneers of reader-response criticism. Holland's writings have been translated into Chinese, Dutch, Persian, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, and Turkish.

Psychoanalytic literary criticism
Psychoanalytic literary criticism is literary criticism or literary theory that , in method, concept, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud.

Psychoanalytic reading has been practiced since the early development of psychoanalysis itself, and has developed into a heterogeneous interpretive tradition. As Celine Surprenant writes, "Psychoanalytic literary criticism does not constitute a unified field. However, all variants endorse, at least to a certain degree, the idea that literature ... is fundamentally entwined with the psyche."

Psychoanalytic criticism views artists, including authors, as neurotic. However, an artist escapes many of the outward manifestations and end results of neurosis by finding in the act of creating their art a pathway back to sanity and wholeness.
Jürgen Stark
Jürgen Stark (born 31 May 1948 in Gau-Odernheim, Germany) is a German economist who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2006 to 2011 and concurrently
as ECB chief economist. Within the Executive Board, he was responsible for Economics and for Monetary Analysis and resigned before expiration of his term in opposition to ECB's bond-buying programme.

Gau-Odernheim
Gau-Odernheim (until 1896 simply Odernheim) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
1959–60 French Rugby Union Championship
The 1958–59 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 56 clubs divided in seven pools of eight clubs.

The four better of each pool and the four better classified as 5th (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified for the final phase.

The Championship was won by Lourdes who beat the Béziers in the final.

FC Lourdes
FC Lourdais is a French rugby union club from Lourdes currently competing in Fédérale 1, the fifth division of French rugby. Formed in 1911, they have won the French league eight times and the French cup six times. They play in the Stade Antoine-Beguere and traditionally wear blue and red jerseys. Their most notable former player is Jean Prat. They are based in Lourdes in Hautes-Pyrénées.
Kerry Way
The Kerry Way (Irish: Slí Uíbh Ráthaigh) is a long-distance trail in County Kerry, Ireland. It is a 214-kilometre (133-mile) long circular trail that begins and ends in Killarney and is typically broken into nine stages. It is designated as a National Waymarked Trail by the National Trails Office of the Irish Sports Council and is managed by Kerry County Council, South Kerry Development Partnership and the Kerry Way Committee. The Way circles the Iveragh Peninsula and forms a walkers' version of the Ring of Kerry road tour. It is the longest of Ireland's National Waymarked Trails.

Glenbeigh
Glenbeigh or Glanbehy (Irish: Gleann Beithe) is a village and civil parish on the Iveragh peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. The parish includes Rossbeigh beach, Coomasahran Lake and a number of important rock art sites. Owing to its natural heritage, history and its location on both the Ring of Kerry and Wild Atlantic Way, Glenbeigh is a tourist destination.

The village is surrounded by a horseshoe of hills and Seefin Mountain, with Curra Hill dominating the landscape from the west. The Caragh and Behy rivers flow at either side of the village into Castlemaine Harbour.
1948 Quebec general election
The 1948 Quebec general election was held on July 28, 1948, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Union Nationale, led by Maurice Duplessis, won re-election, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Adélard Godbout.

This was the third time (and the second in a row) that Duplessis led his party to a general election victory.

It was Godbout's third (and final) loss to Duplessis in a general election, and the second in a row. He had won one victory against Duplessis years earlier in the 1939 election.  In this election, the Liberals fared particularly poorly, reduced to only 8 seats, although their share of the popular vote was around 36%.

Union Nationale (Quebec)
The Union nationale (French pronunciation: [ynjɔ̃ nɑsjɔnal]) was a conservative and nationalist provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, that identified with Québécois autonomism.  It was created during the Great Depression and held power in Quebec from 1936 to 1939, from 1944 to 1960 and from 1966 to 1970. The party was founded by Maurice Duplessis, who led it until his death in 1959.

The party was often referred to in English as the National Union, especially when it was still an electoral force, by both the media and, at times, the party.
Manila's 4th congressional district
Manila's 4th congressional district is one of the six congressional districts of the Philippines in the city of Manila. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1949. The district consists of barangays 395 to 586 in the northern Manila district of Sampaloc bordering Quezon City. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Giselle Lazaro-Maceda of Asenso Manileño.

Previously from 1949 to 1972, the district encompassed the southern Manila districts of Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, and Santa Ana, which also includes the present-day San Andres. The current configuration took efect after the restoration of the Congress in 1987, when the aforementioned districts were reapportioned to the new fifth and sixth districts, respectively, while the fourth district was reapportioned to encompass Sampaloc.

Port Area, Manila
Port Area, also known as the Manila Port District and South Port District, is a district of the city of Manila, Philippines. It is entirely a reclaimed land occupied by Manila's South Harbor and Baseco Compound (Engineer's Island). It is bounded on the north by the Pasig River, facing the districts of Tondo and San Nicolas, on the west by Manila Bay, on the east by Intramuros, separated by Radial Road 1, and on the south by Ermita. Post-war developments at the Manila South Harbor eventually paved the way for the migration of natives from the different provinces, making it one of the largest ghettos in the Philippines.
Jack Falahee
Jack Falahee (born February 20, 1989) is an American actor and singer. On television, he portrayed Connor Walsh on the ABC legal thriller How to Get Away with Murder (2014–2020) and Frank Stringfellow on the PBS historical drama Mercy Street (2016–2017).

Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow (1840–1913)
Frank Stringfellow (c. 1840 – June 8, 1913) was a Confederate officer and spy who survived the American Civil War, and married the sweetheart for whom he repeatedly risked his life to court – Emma Green. After the war Stringfellow married Green, and became an Episcopal minister.

Shortly after joining the Confederate Army, Stringfellow became the "personal scout" for Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart. He crossed into Union territory on multiple missions, until the Union placed a $10,000 reward for his capture.
Paul Capellani
Paul Capellani  (September 9, 1877 – November 7, 1960) was a noted French silent film actor. His brother was the director Albert Capellani and his nephew the film director Roger Capellani who died May 1940 at the Battle of Dunkirk.

He starred in some 100 films between 1908 and 1930.

In 1920 he appeared in Guy du Fresnay's De la coupe aux lèvres.

Roger Capellani
Roger Capellani (31 January 1905 – 30 May 1940) was a French film director, the son of film director and screenwriter Albert Capellani and the nephew of the actor Paul Capellani.

He shot French versions of foreign films for the studios of the Paramount Pictures located at Joinville-le-Pont (Val-de-Marne), and worked several times for the screenwriter Saint-Granier.

He died at the battle of Dunkirk.
Rogozina, Gryfice County
Rogozina [rɔɡɔˈʑina] (German: Mittelhagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzebiatów, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Trzebiatów, 19 km (12 mi) north of Gryfice, and 83 km (52 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The village has a population of 175.

Gmina Trzebiatów
Gmina Trzebiatów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. Its seat is the town of Trzebiatów, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Gryfice and 85 km (53 mi) northeast of the regional capital, Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 225.44 square kilometres (87.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population was 16,803 (out of which the population of Trzebiatów amounted to 10,113, and the population of the rural part of the gmina was 6,690).
Nevanlinna–Pick interpolation
In complex analysis, given initial data consisting of  points  in the complex unit disk  and target data consisting of  points  in ,  the Nevanlinna–Pick interpolation problem is to find a holomorphic function  that interpolates the data, that is for all ,

,

subject to the constraint  for all .

Georg Pick and Rolf Nevanlinna solved the problem independently in 1916 and 1919 respectively, showing that an interpolating function exists if and only if a matrix defined in terms of the initial and target data is positive semi-definite.

Schwarz lemma
In mathematics, the Schwarz lemma, named after Hermann Amandus Schwarz, is a result in complex differential geometry that estimates the (squared) pointwise norm  of a holomorphic map  between Hermitian manifolds under curvature assumptions on  and .

The classical Schwarz lemma is a result in complex analysis typically viewed to be about holomorphic functions from the open unit disk  to itself.

The Schwarz lemma has opened several branches of complex geometry, and become an essential tool in the use of geometric PDE methods in complex geometry.
Emil Sutor
Emil Sutor (June 19, 1888 – August 13, 1974) was a German sculptor. He was born in Offenburg and died in Karlsruhe. In 1936 he won a gold medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his "Hürdenläufer" ("Hurdle runners").

Offenburg
Offenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔfn̩ˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; "open borough" - coat of arms showing open gates; Low Alemmanic: Offäburg) is a city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in south-western Germany. With nearly 60,000 inhabitants (2019), it is the largest city and the administrative capital of the Ortenaukreis.