hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hudson Bay expedition (1686)
The Hudson Bay expedition of 1686 was one of the Anglo-French conflicts on Hudson Bay. It was the first of several expeditions sent from New France against the trading outposts of the Hudson's Bay Company in the southern reaches of Hudson Bay.  Led by the Chevalier de Troyes, the expedition captured the outposts at Moose Factory, Rupert House, Fort Albany, and the company ship Craven.

Although France and England were then at peace, war broke out between them in 1689, and the conflict over the Hudson Bay outposts continued.  One of Troyes' lieutenants, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, made further expeditions against HBC holdings; these culminated in the French victory at the 1697 naval Battle of Hudson's Bay.  At the end of the war, the French controlled all but one of the company's outposts.

Waskaganish
Waskaganish (Cree: ᐙᔅᑳᐦᐄᑲᓂᔥ/wâskâhîkaniš, Little House; French pronunciation: [waskaɡaniʃ]) is a Cree community of over 2,500 people at the mouth of the Rupert River on the south-east shore of James Bay in Nord-du-Québec, Canada. Waskaganish is part of the territory referred to as "Eeyou Istchee" ("The Land of the People" in Cree) encompassing the traditional territories of Cree people in the James Bay regions of what is now Northern Quebec and Ontario.

The community of Waskaganish celebrated its 350th year anniversary in 2018. The village is located at the site of the former Fort Rupert, the first Hudson's Bay Company trading post on Hudson Bay.
Shahriyar of Derbent
Shahriyar was an Iranian aristocrat, who served as the commander of Kutha, an ancient city close to the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon.

Born in Derbent to a dehqan family, Shahriyar is first mentioned during the Arab invasion of Iran, where in 637 he was appointed as the commander of Kutha by the two military officers Mihran Razi and Nakhiragan. The two military officers then went to Ctesiphon, while Shahriyar stayed in Kutha.

The Arabs soon arrived to Kutha, and when they reached there, Shahriyar said the following thing to them; "Let any man or rider from among you big and strong enough come forward to me in order that i may teach him a lesson." The Arab general Zuhra ibn al-Hawiyya then insulted Shahriyar, which made him attack the Arab army; however, Shahriyar was eventually defeated and killed during the clash.

Derbent
Derbent, also historically known as Darband, or Derbend, is the southernmost city in Russia. It is situated along the southeastern coast of the Republic of Dagestan, occupying the narrow gateway between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mountains, and connecting the Eurasian Steppe to the north and the Iranian Plateau to the south. Derbent covers an area of 69.63 square kilometres (26.88 mi2) with a population of roughly 120,000 residents.

Derbent is considered the oldest city in Russia, with historical documentation dating to the 8th century BC, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Due to its strategic location, over the course of history, the city changed ownership many times, particularly among the Persian, Arab, Mongol, Timurid, and Shirvan kingdoms. In the early 19th century, the city came under control of the Russian Empire through the Treaty of Gulistan signed with Qajar Iran.
Superfly (Superfly album)
Superfly is the debut studio album by Japanese band Superfly, released on May 14, 2008, via Warner Music Japan. Approximately 391,182 copies have been sold in Japan and is certified Double Platinum by the RIAJ for the shipment of 500,000 copies. On the iTunes Store, a special remix of "Manifesto" by Ram Rider was included.

Superfly debuted at number 1 on the Oricon's weekly album charts; the last time a female artist had their first album debut at number 1 was Tina's Colorado in 1999.

Superfly (band)
Superfly is a Japanese rock act that debuted on April 4, 2007. Formerly a duo, the act now consists solely of lyricist and vocalist Shiho Ochi with former guitarist Kōichi Tabo still credited as the group's composer and part-time lyricist. Superfly's first two studio albums were certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan, and their first four consecutive albums (the third being classified as a "single" by the group) all debuted at the top of the Oricon Weekly Album Charts, a first for a female recording artist in Japan in over seven years.
Phi 1.618
Phi 1.618 (Bulgarian: ф 1.618) is a 2022 Bulgarian-Canadian dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Theodore Ushev (in his directorial debut) and written by Vladislav Todorov. Starring Nikolay Stanoev, Deyan Donkov & Martina Apostolova. It is based on the novel The Spinning Top by Vladislav Todorov. The film was named on the shortlist for Bulgarian's entry for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film at the 95th Academy Awards, but it was not selected. It was considered again when Mother was disqualified, however, it was not selected.

Theodore Ushev
Theodore Asenov Ushev (Bulgarian: Теодор Асенов Ушев; born 4 February 1968) is a Bulgarian animator, film director and screenwriter based in Montreal. He is best known for his work at the National Film Board of Canada, including the 2016 animated short Blind Vaysha, which was nominated for an Academy Award. He is a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France.
Dead leaf mantis
Dead leaf mantis is a common name given to various species of praying mantis that mimic dead leaves.  It is most often used in reference to species within genus Deroplatys because of their popularity as exotic pets.  Examples include D. desiccata (giant dead leaf mantis), D. lobata (Southeast Asian dead leaf mantis), and D. philippinica (Philippines dead leaf mantis). Other species to which the term may apply include Acanthops falcataria (South American dead leaf mantis), A. falcata (South American dead leaf mantis), and Phyllocrania paradoxa (more common known as the ghost mantis).

Phyllocrania paradoxa
Phyllocrania paradoxa, common name ghost mantis, is a small species of mantis from Africa remarkable for its leaf-like body. It is one of the three species in the genus Phyllocrania. It is known for its distinct and exclusive camouflaged appearance of a dry weathered leaf.
Meendum Oru Mariyathai
Meendum Oru Mariyathai (transl. Once again a respect) is a 2020 Indian Tamil-language drama film written, produced and directed by Bharathiraja. The film, starring him, Nakshatra, Joe Malloori and Mounika is bankrolled by Manoj Kumar under his banner Manoj Creations. The music for the film is composed by N. R. Raghunanthan and score is by Sabesh–Murali while cinematography is handled by Salai Sagadevan. The film premiered at the 2018 South Asian Short Film Festival which was held in Ooty. The film which began production in 2014 faced production delays before releasing on 21 February 2020.

Sabesh–Murali
Sabesh–Murali was an Indian music director duo, who have jointly composed for many Tamil films in Chennai, India. Sabesh and Murali are siblings who began their careers working under their brother, the music director Deva, as assistant composers. They composed famous albums such as Pokkisham and Milaga. The duo are also, rarely, playback singers. They composed for the Tamil films Imsai Arasan 23am Pulikesi and Goripalayam.

They also notably composed the theme that appears during the title card of Rajinikanth's Annaamalai (1992) amongst other films. Sabesh died on 23 October 2025 at the age of 68.
David Owen (Brutus)
David Owen (December 1795 - 16 January 1866) known by the pseudonym Brutus, was a Welsh satirical writer, editor and preacher.

He was born in Llanpumsaint, Carmarthenshire where he was brought up as a Congregationalist. Thereafter he spent periods of time in other parts working as a schoolmaster. After a troublous stretch working as a Baptist minister he turned his back on Nonconformity to join the Church of England, where he worked as editor of "Yr Haul", the magazine of what was then the Anglican Church in Wales. He published a number of books on religious matters, which became widely used. He also wrote sizeable autobiographies on the great Welsh Nonconformist preachers John Elias and Christmas Evans.

David Owen is buried in the churchyard of the small village of Llywel in Powys.

Llywel
Llywel (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a small village and community located on the A40, about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Sennybridge in Powys, Wales. The Afon Gwydderig runs through the village, not far from its source. The main settlement in the community is Trecastle. According to the 2001 Census the population of the Llywel community is 524, falling to 497 in the 2011 Census. The village was historically in Brecknockshire.
Partial autocorrelation function
In time series analysis, the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) gives the partial correlation of a stationary time series with its own lagged values, regressed the values of the time series at all shorter lags. It contrasts with the autocorrelation function, which does not control for other lags.

This function plays an important role in data analysis aimed at identifying the extent of the lag in an autoregressive (AR) model. The use of this function was introduced as part of the Box–Jenkins approach to time series modelling, whereby plotting the partial autocorrelative functions one could determine the appropriate lags p in an AR (p) model or in an extended ARIMA (p,d,q) model.

Box–Jenkins method
In time series analysis, the Box–Jenkins method, named after the statisticians George Box and Gwilym Jenkins, applies autoregressive moving average (ARMA) or autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to find the best fit of a time-series model to past values of a time series.
Innuendo Studios
Ian Danskin (born January 5, 1984) is an American YouTuber, whose YouTube channel Innuendo Studios discusses politics from a left-wing perspective. He is primarily known for "The Alt-Right Playbook" series of videos. The channel has been described as part of "BreadTube", an informal group of left-wing YouTube channels.

BreadTube
BreadTube, also called LeftTube, is a loose and informal group of online personalities who create video content, including video essays and livestreams, from socialist, social democratic, communist, anarchist, and other left-wing perspectives. BreadTube creators generally post videos on YouTube that are discussed on other online platforms, such as Reddit. Many BreadTube content creators are crowdfunded, and their channels often serve as introductions to left-wing politics for young viewers. BreadTube creators align with collectivist modes of governance, while opposing the alt-right and far-right.
2023 Challenger Santa Fe
The 2023 Challenger Santa Fe was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santa Fe, Argentina between 3 and 9 July 2023.

Daniel Vallejo
Adolfo Daniel Vallejo (born 28 April 2004) is a Paraguayan professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 101 achieved on 9 February 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 435 reached on 21 April 2025. He is currently the No. 1 singles player from Paraguay.

He reached an ITF junior combined ranking of world No. 1 on 15 August 2022.

Vallejo represents Paraguay at the Davis Cup, where he has a win–loss record of 5–3.
Gedu, Bhutan
Gedu, also transliterated as Gaedu, is a town located in the Chukha District in south-western Bhutan. The Gedu College of Business Studies, one of the colleges of the Royal University of Bhutan, is located in Gedu.

Population 4,288 (2005 census).

Gaedu College of Business Studies
Gedu College of Business Studies (GCBS) is a public autonomous constituent college under the Royal University of Bhutan. Located in  Gedu, Chukha, it is the only college of the Royal University of Bhutan that specialises in business and management education.
Established in 2008, the college offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in fields such as business administration, commerce, accounting, finance, marketing (Digital and Communication), human capital management, economics & business intelligence. 
Beginning in 2023, the college embarked on a significant strategic transformation to align its programs and vision with Bhutan's national development goals and international standards. Gedu College of Business Studies became a member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business(AACSB) in 2019 and is currently actively pursuing accreditation.
Aztreonam/avibactam
Aztreonam/avibactam, sold under the brand name Emblaveo, is a fixed-dose combination antibacterial medication used for the treatment of aerobic Gram-negative infections. It was developed by AbbVie and Pfizer, and is a combination of aztreonam, a monobactam antibacterial, and avibactam, a non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor.

The combination was approved for medical use in the European Union in April 2024, in the United Kingdom in June 2024, and in the United States in February 2025.

Β-Lactamase inhibitor
Beta-lactamases are a family of enzymes involved in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the bacteria have beta-lactamase which degrade the beta-lactam rings, rendering the antibiotic ineffective. However, with beta-lactamase inhibitors, these enzymes on the bacteria are inhibited, thus allowing the antibiotic to take effect. Strategies for combating this form of resistance have included the development of new beta-lactam antibiotics that are more resistant to cleavage and the development of the class of enzyme inhibitors called beta-lactamase inhibitors. Although β-lactamase inhibitors have little antibiotic activity of their own, they prevent bacterial degradation of beta-lactam antibiotics and thus extend the range of bacteria the drugs are effective against.
Patrick Wensink
Patrick Wensink (born 1979) is an American author.

His novel Broken Piano for President received increased publicity when the whiskey company Jack Daniel's Properties (a subsidiary of Brown–Forman) sent a politely worded cease-and-desist letter to the author asking that he change the design of his book cover, which closely resembled the label on Jack Daniel's whiskey. However, the whiskey company said it could be done upon the book's next reprinting and it would compensate the author if he chose to comply during the current run.

The controversy propelled Broken Piano for President to the #6 bestseller position and the #1 positions for satires on Amazon.com. In an article on Huffington Post, Wensink used this experience as a model for how books can gain publicity.

His other books include Sex Dungeon for Sale! and Black Hole Blues.

Cease and desist
A cease and desist letter is a document sent by one party, often a business, to warn another party that they believe the other party is committing an unlawful act, such as copyright infringement, and that they will take legal action if the other party continues the alleged unlawful activity. The letter may warn that, if the recipient does not discontinue specified conduct, or take certain actions, by deadlines set in the letter, the letter's recipient may be sued. The phrase "cease and desist" is a legal doublet, made up of two near-synonyms. A cease and desist letter issued by a government entity, called a cease and desist order, is "a warning of impending judicial enforcement".
European Association for the Education of Adults
The European Association for the Education of Adults (EAEA) is a European NGO whose purpose is to link and represent European organisations directly involved in adult learning. The main focus is to promote adult learning and access to and participation in non-formal adult education for all, particularly for groups currently under-represented. EAEA aims at influencing EU policies on non-formal adult education and lifelong learning and cooperates with the institutions of the European Union and with international organisations as the Council of Europe, the International Council for Adult Education (ICAE) and UNESCO.

International Council for Adult Education
The International Council for Adult Education (ICAE) is an international partnership of individuals and organizations interested in adult learning and adult education.  Their mission is to promote adult learning as an important tool for informed participation in civil society and sustainable development.
Ooh Boy
"Ooh Boy" (sometimes known as "Ooh Boy (I Love You So)") is a song written by Norman Whitfield and originally recorded by American soul and R&B group Rose Royce for their second album, In Full Bloom (1977). It was released as the third single from the album.

In Full Bloom (Rose Royce album)
In Full Bloom is the second album released by American funk band Rose Royce on the Whitfield label in July 1977. It was produced by Norman Whitfield. The album was remastered and reissued with bonus tracks in 2016 by Big Break Records.
Daisy Martey
Daisy Martey is a British singer, songwriter, playwright and screenwriter. She is the lead vocalist for Noonday Underground.  Late in 2004, Martey left the band to become the lead singer of Morcheeba, replacing their former singer, Skye Edwards. Martey recorded the vocals for Morcheeba's fifth studio album, The Antidote, which was released in May 2005.

In 2007, she was named in Sonia Boyce's Devotional series  celebrating iconic Black British singers alongside distinguished artists such as Sade and Shirley Bassey in an exhibition by the National Portrait Gallery.

Morcheeba
Morcheeba are an English electronic band formed in the mid-1990s with founding members brothers Paul and Ross Godfrey who later recruited vocalist Skye Edwards. They mix influences from trip hop, rock, folk rock and downtempo, and have produced ten regular studio albums since 1995, two of which reached the UK top ten. Edwards left the band in 2003, after which the brothers used a number of guest singers before she rejoined in 2010. They recruit additional members for their live performances and have toured internationally. Paul Godfrey distanced himself from the band in 2014. Edwards and Ross Godfrey later formed Skye & Ross and released a self-titled album in September 2016.  Their latest studio album without Paul as Morcheeba, Escape the Chaos, was released in 2025.
Jacob Fortling
Jacob Fortling (23 December 1711 – 16 July 1761) was a German-Danish sculptor, architect and industrialist, described as one of the most industrious people in the Denmark of his day. He came to Denmark at age 18 and embarked on a successful career, first as a sculptor and later also as an architect. He was also engaged in the production of building materials, owning several quarries in Norway. Just outside Copenhagen, on Amager's east coast, he founded Kastrup Værk, a large industrial facility combining a lime plant, a brickyard  and a pottery.

Kastrupgård, his former home, has been turned into an art museum.

Ledreborg
Ledreborg is a palatial mansion near Lejre, 12 km (7.5 mi) to the southwest of Roskilde on the Danish island of Zealand. Today's Baroque building was completed in 1746 by  Minister of State Johan Ludvig Holstein (1694–1763) who commissioned J.C. Krieger to carry out the work.
The Heart Specialist
The Heart Specialist is a 2006 American romantic comedy-drama film written, produced and directed by Dennis Cooper, and starring Wood Harris, Zoe Saldaña, Brian J. White and Mýa. Originally released under the title Ways of the Flesh, the film premiered at the 2006 Boston Film Festival and remained unreleased until 2011, when it was granted a limited theatrical release by Freestyle Releasing.

Freestyle Releasing
Freestyle Releasing, LLC is an American independent film distribution company based in Los Angeles, California, founded in 2004, specializing in releasing low budget films theatrically. Unlike most distributors, Freestyle Releasing does not put up any prints and advertising money for its releases, leaving advertising costs to production companies.
Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Wood South
Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Wood South is a 192.5 hectares (476 acres) is a biological site of Special Scientific Interest near Cheshunt in Hertfordshire. It is part of Broxbourne Woods National Nature Reserve, and is listed in A Nature Conservation Review. Wormley Wood is owned and managed by the Woodland Trust. The site is also a Special Area of Conservation.

The site is oak and hornbeam woodland mainly on London clay. Plants in the variable ground flora include brambles, wood anemones and bluebells. Other habitats include marshland and acidic grassland.

White Stubbs Lane runs along the northern edge of the site.

Broxbourne Woods
Broxbourne Woods are a 239.1 hectare National Nature Reserve west of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire. The site is Hertfordshire's only National Nature Reserve, and is also a Special Area of Conservation. It covers Hoddesdonpark Wood, Wormley Wood, Broxbourne Wood and Bencroft Wood. Bencroft and Broxbourne are owned by Hertfordshire County Council, and Hoddesdonpark and Wormley Woods by the Woodland Trust. They are all in Sites of Special Scientific Interest; Wormley Wood and Bencroft Wood form almost all of Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Wood South, and Hoddesdonpark Wood and Broxbourne Wood are part of Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Wood North.

The site is a large area of sessile oak and hornbeam woodland with diverse wildlife Flowers include bluebells, and invertebrates the rare purple emperor butterfly.

There is access to Hoddesdonpark Wood from Lord Street, to Broxbourne Wood from Pembridge Lane, and to Wormley and Bencroft Woods from White Stubbs Lane.
Empress He (Han dynasty)
Empress He (died 30 September 189), personal name unknown, posthumously known as Empress Lingsi, was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the second empress consort of Emperor Ling and the mother of Emperor Shao. After the death of Emperor Ling in 189, she became empress dowager when her young son, Liu Bian (Emperor Shao), became the new emperor. She was caught up in the conflict between her paternal half-brother, General-in-Chief He Jin, and the eunuch faction, who were both vying for power in the Han imperial court. After He Jin's assassination and the elimination of the eunuch faction, the warlord Dong Zhuo took advantage of the power vacuum to lead his forces into the imperial capital and seize control of the Han central government. Dong Zhuo subsequently deposed Emperor Shao, replaced him with Liu Xie (Emperor Xian) and had Empress Dowager He poisoned to death.

Yuan Shao
Yuan Shao (袁紹, pronunciationⓘ; died 28 June 202), courtesy name Benchu (本初), was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil wars that occurred towards the end of the Han dynasty. He was also an elder half-brother of Yuan Shu, a warlord who controlled the Huai River region, though the two were not on good terms with each other.

One of the most powerful warlords of his time, Yuan Shao spearheaded a coalition of warlords against Dong Zhuo, who held Emperor Xian hostage in the imperial capital, Luoyang, but failed due to internal disunity. In 200, he launched a campaign against his rival Cao Cao but was defeated at the Battle of Guandu. He died of illness two years later in Ye. His eventual failure despite his illustrious family background and geographical advantages was commonly blamed on his indecisiveness and inability to heed the advice of his advisors.