hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Royal Johnson
Charles Royal Johnson (born January 28, 1948) is an American mathematician specializing in linear algebra. He was a Class of 1961 professor of mathematics at College of William and Mary. The books Matrix Analysis and Topics in Matrix Analysis, co-written by him with Roger Horn, are standard texts in advanced linear algebra.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Holy Rights
Holy Rights is a 2020 Urdu documentary film directed by Farha Khatun on Bharatiya Muslim Mahila Andolan's work on Muslim women's divorce issues relating to triple talaq in India. It was presented at the 26th Kolkata International Film Festival.

Farha Khatun
Farha Khatun is an Indian editor and documentary filmmaker known for directing the documentary Holy Rights which won Best Film on Social Issues at the 67th National Film Awards. In 2024, jurry member for Indian Documentary Section at Kolkata International Film Festival.

She also Co-directed the Documentary I am Bonnie which also  won Best Film on Social Issues  at 65th National Film Awards.

She has also acted in 'Abar Jodi Ichchha Karo... (If you dare Desire...)',- a 2017 film directed by Debalina Majumdar and written by Susmita Sinha.
Marienkirche, Würzburg
The Marienkirche, Würzburg (Saint Mary's Church) is a chapel located in the inner court of Marienberg Fortress in Würzburg, Bavaria. The first Christian church at this location was built in 706 by Duke Hedan II. The structure of today's building can be traced back to the early 11th century. It is the oldest church in Würzburg and the oldest building in the fortress.

Marienberg Fortress
Marienberg Fortress (German: Festung Marienberg) is a prominent landmark on the left bank of the Main river in Würzburg, in the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. It is a symbol of Würzburg and served as a home of the local prince-bishops for nearly five centuries. It has been a fort since ancient times, although most of the current structures were built in Renaissance and Baroque styles between the 16th and 18th centuries. After Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden conquered the area in 1631 during the Thirty Years' War, the castle was reconstructed as a Baroque residence. After it ceased to serve as residence of the Bishops of Würzburg, the fortress saw repeated action in the wars of the late 18th and 19th centuries. It was severely damaged by British bombs in March 1945 and only fully rebuilt in 1990. Today, it houses two museums.
Duncan Macfarlan
Duncan Macfarlan (1771–1857) was a Scottish minister. He was twice Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland both in 1819 and in its most critical year of 1843. He was Principal of Glasgow University from 1823 to 1857.

Drymen
Drymen (/ˈdrɪmɪn/; from Scottish Gaelic: Druiminn [ˈt̪ɾɯmɪɲ]) is a village in the Stirling district of central Scotland. Once a popular stopping place for cattle drovers, it is now favored by visiting tourists given its location near Loch Lomond. The village is centred around a village green, which is an unusual feature in Scottish villages but more common in other parts of the United Kingdom.
FIBA Saporta Cup
The FIBA Saporta Cup, founded as FIBA European Cup Winners Cup, was the name of the second-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, where the domestic National Cup winners, from all over Europe, played against each other. The competition was organized by FIBA Europe. It was named after the late Raimundo Saporta, a former Real Madrid director.

Fernando Romay
Fernando Manuel Romay Pereiro (born 23 September 1959) is a Spanish retired professional basketball player, who represented his native country in two consecutive Summer Olympic Games, starting in 1980. At his second Olympic appearance, in 1984, he won the silver medal with the Spain's national basketball team. He is considered to be one of the best players in Real Madrid history, and also one of the best players in Spanish basketball history. He stands around 7 ft tall.
Korean Air KUS-FS
The Korean Air KUS-FS (Korean Unmanned System–Flight Strategic), or MUAV (Medium-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is a medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (MALE UAV) developed by the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and Korean Air Aerospace Division (KAL-ASD). Development started in 2008, with its first flight occurring in 2012 and development concluding in March 2022. It was developed for the South Korean Air Force's Group 5 UAV system. Previously known as the MUAV (Medium-Altitude UAV), the KUS-FS is in the same class as the US-built General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper UAV.

Agency for Defense Development
The Agency for Defense Development (ADD; Korean: 국방과학연구소) is the South Korean government agency for research and development in defense technology, funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA). It was established in August 1970 under the banner of the self-reliant national defense promoted by President Park Chung Hee.

Its purpose is contributing to enforcing the national defence, to improving the national R&D capacity, and to fostering the domestic defense industry. ADD focuses on core weapons systems and core technology development, and studies major weapons platforms in high-risk and non-economical fields, unmanned and advanced, and new weapon systems for the future.

ADD is responsible for first South Korean ballistic missile Nike Hercules Korea-1 aka White/Polar Bear, developed in the 1970s with its first successful test in 1978.

ADD is the operator of South Korea's first dedicated military satellite, ANASIS-II, launched on 20 July 2020 by a Falcon 9 rocket.
Big Hat
The Big Hat (ビッグハット, Biggu Hatto) is an indoor ice hockey arena in Nagano, Japan with a capacity of 10,104 seated spectators. Its official name is the Nagano Wakasato Tamokuteki Sports Arena. The arena was completed and officially opened on December 10, 1995.

Nagano (city)
Nagano (長野市, Nagano-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜɡano, naɡanoꜜɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of 371.4 meters (1,219 ft).

The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353 m), and it is near the confluence of the Chikuma River—the longest and widest river in Japan—and the Sai River. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 365,296 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 438 persons per km². The total area of the city is 834.81 square kilometres (322.32 sq mi).
Gary Hubler
Gary Hubler (June 14, 1955 – September 14, 2007) was a crop duster and commercial transport pilot with over 17,000 flight hours from Caldwell, Idaho. He was notable for being Champion of the Formula 1 class of the Reno Air Races from 2002 through 2006.

Caldwell, Idaho
Caldwell (locally CALL-dwel) is a city in and the county seat of Canyon County, Idaho, United States. Caldwell is the 5th most populous city in Idaho. As of the 2020 census, Caldwell had a population of 59,996.

Caldwell is considered part of the Boise metropolitan area, and is the location of the College of Idaho.
Anton Margaritha
Anton Margaritha (also known as Antony Margaritha, Anthony Margaritha, Antonius Margarita, Antonius Margaritha) (born ca. 1500) was a sixteenth-century Jewish Hebraist and convert to Christianity. He was a possible source for some of Martin Luther's conception of Judaism.

Martin Luther and antisemitism
Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German professor of theology, priest, and seminal leader of the Reformation. His positions on Judaism continue to be controversial. These changed dramatically from his early career, where he showed concern for the plight of European Jews, to his later years, when he became outspokenly antisemitic in his statements and writings.
Nuntype
Nuntype is the first full-length album by Souls of Mischief/Hieroglyphics MC Tajai and SupremeEx following their EP, Projecto: 2501. The album features R&B and soul singer Goapele. It was released on November 8, 2005 on Rumble Pack Records.

Much like their previous work together, Nuntype is a conceptualized album crafting original music, visual artwork, story telling lyrics and a multimedia extension (in this case, the Nuntype website) to help create a world for the listeners to indulge in.

Tajai
Tajai Massey, known mononymously as Tajai (/tɑːˈʒeɪ/ tah-ZHAY; born April 21, 1975), is an American rapper and producer. He is one of the four founding members of the Oakland, California-based underground hip hop group Souls of Mischief and, with Souls of Mischief, a part of the eight-person, alternative hip hop collective Hieroglyphics. He is also one half of the hip hop duo Rap Noir.
Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters
Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Monsters is a trilogy of short films released during 1965.  The films are homages to the Bowery Boys film series which lasted from the mid-1940s to the late 1950s.

Each film of the trilogy features the antics of the bumbling Lemon Grove Kids. They are titled The Lemon  Grove Kids, The Lemon Grove Kids Meet the Green Grasshopper and the Vampire Lady from Outer Space, and The Lemon Grove Kids Go Hollywood!.  Filmmaker Ray Dennis Steckler created the characters, wrote 'Hollywood', and  directed the first film of the trilogy. He also features in each segment, billed as Cash Flagg. The three shorts were edited into a comedy horror feature film, The Lemon Grove Kids Meet The Monsters. For theatrical showings, the film was interrupted by the film's mummy going into the audience.

Coleman Francis
Coleman Chambers Francis (January 24, 1919 – January 15, 1973) was an American actor, writer, producer and director. He was best known for his film trilogy consisting of The Beast of Yucca Flats (1961), The Skydivers (1963) and Red Zone Cuba (1966), all three of which were filmed in the general vicinity of Santa Clarita, California.
Silver Shadow (ship)
Silver Shadow is a cruise ship that entered service in 2000, and is operated by Silversea Cruises. The passenger capacity is 382 passengers, and there are 295 crew members. Her sister ship is Silver Whisper, and both ships were built by the Mariotti Shipyard in Genoa, Italy. They both have a high space-to-passenger ratio at 74, providing more space per passenger than any other cruise ship. Space ratio is calculated by dividing a vessel's gross tonnage by its passenger capacity. The passenger-to-crew ratio is also high, at 1.31 to 1.

Silversea Cruises
Silversea is a luxury cruise line and expedition travel brand headquartered in Monaco. Founded in 1994 by the Vlasov Group of Monaco and the Lefebvre family of Rome, it pioneered all-inclusive cruising with its first ship, Silver Cloud. Since July 2020, it has been owned by Royal Caribbean Group.
Croft Viaduct
Croft Viaduct is a railway bridge carrying the East Coast Main Line between Northallerton and Darlington in Northern England. The viaduct crosses the River Tees, the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham. Although it was an early example of a stone viaduct in the railway system, it is not the first true railway viaduct, however, it was the first railway viaduct in the United Kingdom to have been built with an oblique arch (or skew-arch). It was grade II listed in 1988, and had overhead line equipment installed in the early 1990s.

Skew arch
A skew arch (also known as an oblique arch) is a method of construction that enables an arch bridge to span an obstacle at some angle other than a right angle. This results in the faces of the arch not being perpendicular to its abutments and its plan view being a parallelogram, rather than the rectangle that is the plan view of a regular, or "square" arch.

In the case of a masonry skew arch, the construction requires precise stonecutting, as the cuts do not form right angles, but once the principles were fully understood in the early 19th century, it became considerably easier and cheaper to build a skew arch of brick.

The problem of building skew arch masonry bridges was addressed by a number of early civil engineers and mathematicians, including Giovanni Barbara (1726), William Chapman (1787), Benjamin Outram (1798), Peter Nicholson (1828), George Stephenson (1830), Edward Sang (1835), Charles Fox (1836), George W. Buck (1839) and William Froude (c. 1844).
Billy Hamill
William Gordon Hamill (born 23 May 1970) is an American international motorcycle speedway rider. He is a former Speedway World Champion, winning the title in 1996 and earned 29 caps for the United States national speedway team.

Brandon Stadium
Brandon Stadium, also known as Coventry Stadium, is located 6 miles east of Coventry in Brandon, Warwickshire, England. It was the home of the Coventry Bees motorcycle speedway team. It also hosted BriSCA F1 Stock Car Racing on the 1st Saturday of the month from April through to November. From 1978 until early 2016 it intermittently hosted greyhound racing. As of 2023, it is closed and has become dilapidated after several fires, including an arson attack in 2022.
VAZ-2101
The VAZ-2101 "Zhiguli", commonly nicknamed  "Kopeyka" (for the smallest Soviet coin, 1/100 of the Russian ruble), is a compact 4-door sedan or wagon, called small class, passenger car, model 1 in Soviet classification, and produced by the Soviet manufacturer AvtoVAZ, introduced in 1970 as the company's first product.

The car is a licence-built version of the Fiat 124, that was heavily modified and tailored for the rough climate and road conditions across the Soviet Union and much of the Eastern Bloc countries. Subsequently, it was widely, and successfully exported to the West under the Lada brand, for over two decades. The station wagon version (correspondingly based on the Fiat 124 Familiare) was known as the VAZ-2102.

Automobile model numbering system in the Soviet Union and Russia
A standardized automobile model numbering system has been used in the Soviet Union and Russia. Using the modern version of the system it is possible to determine a vehicle's type and engine capacity. The modern version of the numbering system was introduced in the mid-1970s. A similar system is used in the People's Republic of China.
John K. Valentine
John Kalbach Valentine (February 3, 1904 – October 12, 1950) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer.

Born in Oskaloosa, Iowa, Valentine graduated from University of Wisconsin–Madison and received his law degree from University of Iowa College of Law. He then practiced law in Centerville, Iowa.

Valentine served in the Iowa State Senate representing the 3rd District. He resigned from the Senate in July 1935 to accept Governor Clyde Herring's appointment to be the Chairman of the State Board of Assessment and Review. In 1937, he became the Lieutenant Governor of Iowa and served until 1939.

Valentine died in Centerville, Iowa serving under Governor Nelson G. Kraschel.

Centerville, Iowa
Centerville is a city in and the county seat of Appanoose County, Iowa, United States. The population was 5,412 in the 2020 census, a decline from 5,924 in 2000. After the turn of the 20th century Centerville's coal mining industry attracted European immigrants from Sweden, Italy, Croatia, and Albania. Centerville is also home of the largest town square in the state of Iowa and a campus of Indian Hills Community College.
New Hampshire Route 121
New Hampshire Route 121 (abbreviated NH 121) is a 22.555-mile-long (36.299 km) north–south state highway in Rockingham and Hillsborough counties in southeastern New Hampshire. The road winds through the communities of Atkinson, Hampstead, Sandown, Derry, Chester, and Auburn. The southern terminus of NH 121 is at the Massachusetts state line in Plaistow, where the road, named Atkinson Depot Road, continues into the city of Haverhill as an unnumbered local road (North Main Street) leading to Route 125. The northern terminus is at a traffic circle, where NH 121 meets New Hampshire Route 28 Bypass (the Londonderry Turnpike) in eastern Manchester. At this point, the road is known as Manchester Road.

Derry, New Hampshire
Derry is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 34,317 at the 2020 census. Although it is a town and not a city, Derry is the most populous community in Rockingham County and the 4th most populous in the state. The town's nickname, "Spacetown", derives from the fact that Derry is the birthplace of Alan Shepard, the first astronaut from the United States in space. Derry was also for a time the home of the poet Robert Frost and his family.

The Derry census-designated place, with a 2020 population of 22,879, occupies the central part of the town, extending from Derry's downtown in the west to the town of Hampstead in the east. The town also includes the village of East Derry.
Freeze, Melt
Freeze, Melt is the sixth studio album by Australian electronic music band Cut Copy. It was released on 21 August 2020 by Cutters Records and The Orchard. The album was produced by the band leader, Dan Whitford. Freeze, Melt spawned three singles: "Love Is All We Share", "Cold Water" and "Like Breaking Glass".

Cut Copy
Cut Copy (sometimes stylised as Cut/Copy) are an Australian synth-pop band formed in 2001 by Dan Whitford (vocals, keyboards and guitar). Originally a home-recording project, the band now includes Tim Hoey (guitars), Ben Browning (bass guitar), and Mitchell Scott (drums).

The band achieved breakthrough success in 2008 with their second album, In Ghost Colours, which included well-known singles "Lights & Music" and "Hearts on Fire".
The Spanish Dancer
The Spanish Dancer is a 1923 American silent costume epic starring Pola Negri as a gypsy fortune teller, Antonio Moreno as a romantic count, and Wallace Beery as the king of Spain. The film was directed by Herbert Brenon and also features a five-year-old Anne Shirley, appearing under the name "Dawn O'Day."  The film survives today.

The film is essentially the same story as Mary Pickford's Rosita which was filmed around the same time as The Spanish Dancer with Negri's old colleague from Germany Ernst Lubitsch directing. Negri's The Spanish Dancer was considered the better film.

Wallace Beery
Wallace Fitzgerald Beery (April 1, 1885 – April 15, 1949) was an American film and stage actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Bill in Min and Bill (1930) opposite Marie Dressler, as General Director Preysing in Grand Hotel (1932), as the pirate Long John Silver in Treasure Island (1934), as Pancho Villa in Viva Villa! (1934) for which he won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor, and his title role in The Champ (1931), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Beery appeared in some 250 films during a 36-year career. His contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer stipulated in 1932 that he would be paid $1 more than any other contract player at the studio. This made Beery the highest-paid film actor in the world during the early 1930s. He was the brother of actor Noah Beery and uncle of actor Noah Beery Jr.

For his contributions to the film industry, Beery was posthumously inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.
Chambri Lakes
The Chambri Lakes are a series of swamps and shallow water canals in the East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea that are seasonally filled by the flooding of the Sepik river in vast area of  216 km2 (83 sq mi).  During the northwest monsoon season, from September to March, occurs overflow of two of the Sepik's tributaries and vast Chambri Lake is created.  The Chambri Lakes form in the middle Sepik, between the village of Pagwi and the junction of the crosmari Karawari Rivers with the Sepik. The inhabitants of the Chambri Lakes are renowned for their artistry. The Chambri language is spoken in the Chambri island.

Sepik
The Sepik (/ˈsiːpɪk/) is the longest river on the island of New Guinea, and the third largest in Oceania by discharge volume after the Fly and Mamberamo. The majority of the river flows through the Papua New Guinea (PNG) provinces of Sandaun (formerly West Sepik) and East Sepik, with a small section flowing through the Indonesian province of Papua.

The Sepik has a large catchment area, and landforms that include swamplands, tropical rainforests and mountains. Biologically, the river system is often said to be possibly the largest uncontaminated freshwater wetland system in the Asia-Pacific region. But, in fact, numerous fish and plant species have been introduced into the Sepik since the mid-20th century.
Friday, Texas
Friday is an unincorporated community in Trinity County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 99 in 2000. It is located within the Huntsville, Texas micropolitan area.

Trinity County, Texas
Trinity County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 13,602. Its county seat is Groveton. The county is named for the Trinity River. Trinity County is included in the Huntsville, Texas micropolitan statistical area.
Huber Heights, Ohio
Huber Heights is a city in Montgomery and Miami counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is a suburb of Dayton. The population was 43,439 at the 2020 census. This was a 14% increase since the 2010 census, making it the largest growth in Montgomery County in the last decade.

Miami County, Ohio
Miami County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,774. Its county seat is Troy. The county is named  in honor of the Miami people. Miami County is part of the Dayton metropolitan area.
Darwin Shaw
Darwin Shaw is a British stage, film and television actor, and director. Formerly practicing as a medical doctor, he retrained as an actor at LAMDA in 2004 after studying theatre in New York City. He was nominated for an Academy Award in 2025 for the Best Live-Action Short Film.

I Can't Think Straight
I Can't Think Straight is a 2008 British romantic drama film directed by Shamim Sarif. Based on Sarif's 2008 novel of the same name, the film tells the story of a London-based Jordanian of Palestinian descent, Tala, who is preparing for an elaborate wedding when a turn of events causes her to have an affair, and subsequently fall in love, with another woman, Leyla, a British Indian. The film stars Lisa Ray and Sheetal Sheth.

I Can't Think Straight was produced by Enlightenment Productions and distributed in the United States by Regent Releasing and Here! Films. It was released in different regions between 2008 and 2009. The DVD was released on 4 May 2009.

The lead actresses, Ray and Sheth, also starred in Sarif's 2007 lesbian-themed historical drama film The World Unseen.