hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Helen Fein
Helen Fein (September 17, 1934 – May 14, 2022) was a historical sociologist and professor who specialized in genocide, human rights, collective violence and other issues. She was an author and editor of four books and monographs, an associate of the International Security Program (Harvard University), and a founder and first president of the International Association of Genocide Scholars. Fein was the executive director of the Institute for the Study of Genocide (City University of New York). She died on May 14, 2022, at the age of 87.

International Association of Genocide Scholars
The International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) is an international organization that seeks to further research and teaching about the nature, causes, and consequences of genocide. The IAGS also advances policy studies on the prevention of genocide. The official peer-reviewed academic journal of the association is called Genocide Studies and Prevention.

With over 500 members as of 2025, multiple sources describe the IAGS as the world's leading and largest organization of scholars studying genocide and crimes against humanity.
Caro nome che il mio cor
"Caro nome che il mio cor" (Sweet name that made my heart), or "Caro nome" for short, is an aria for coloratura soprano from act 1 of Verdi's opera Rigoletto.

It is part of the standard Italian soprano vocal repertoire, featured in numerous anthologies for soprano singers and in albums of highlights from the opera. It is often performed in recitals and used as an audition piece by soprano singers. It is very slow, and includes extended high notes which require strong stamina and breath control, and also features a challenging coloratura section which demonstrates the singer's dexterity and accuracy.

Rigoletto
Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the 1832 play Le roi s'amuse by Victor Hugo. Despite serious initial problems with the Austrian censors who had control over northern Italian theatres at the time, the opera had a triumphant premiere at La Fenice in Venice on 11 March 1851.

The work, Verdi's sixteenth in the genre, is widely considered to be the first of the operatic masterpieces of Verdi's middle-to-late career. Its tragic story revolves around the licentious Duke of Mantua, his hunch-backed court jester Rigoletto, and Rigoletto's daughter Gilda. The opera's original title, La maledizione (The Curse), refers to a curse placed on both the Duke and Rigoletto by the Count Monterone, whose daughter the Duke has seduced with Rigoletto's encouragement. The curse comes to fruition when Gilda falls in love with the Duke and sacrifices her life to save him from the assassin hired by her father.
Edward John Carnell
Edward John Carnell (28 June 1919 – 25 April 1967) was a prominent Christian theologian and apologist, was an ordained Baptist pastor, and served as President of Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. He was the author of nine major books, several of which attempted to develop a fresh outlook in Christian apologetics. He also wrote essays that were published in several other books, and was a contributor of articles to periodicals such as The Christian Century and Christianity Today.

Fuller Theological Seminary
Fuller Theological Seminary  is an Evangelical seminary in Pasadena, California, with regional campuses in the western United States. It is egalitarian in nature.

Fuller has a student body of approximately 664 FTE students from many countries and denominations. There are over 41,000 alumni. Fuller is broadly evangelical among faculty and student body. Some hold conservative evangelical views such as unlimited inerrancy while others hold liberal evangelical sentiments such as limited inerrancy which views the Bible as true on matters of salvation but contains error in its recording of history and science.
Normal type
Normal type (in German: Normaltyp) is a typological term in sociology coined by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies (1855–1936). It can be considered both as a forerunner of, and a challenge to, the rather better known concept of Max Weber’s: the ideal type (in German Idealtyp).

Ferdinand Tönnies
Ferdinand Tönnies (German: [ˈtœniːs]; 26 July 1855 – 8 April 1936) was a German sociologist, economist, and philosopher. He was a significant contributor to sociological theory and field studies, best known for distinguishing between two types of social groups, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (community and society). He co-founded the German Sociological Association together with Max Weber and Georg Simmel and many other founders. He was president of the society from 1909 to 1933, after which he was ousted for having criticized the Nazis. Tönnies was regarded as the first proper German sociologist and published over 900 works, contributing to many areas of sociology and philosophy. Tönnies, Max Weber, and Georg Simmel are considered the founding fathers of classical German sociology. Though there has been a resurgence of interest in Weber and Simmel, Tönnies has not drawn as much attention.
Din Syamsuddin
Sirajuddin Muhammad "Din" Syamsuddin (Arabic: مُحَمَّدُ سِرَاجِ ٱلدِّينِ شَمْسِ ٱلدِّينِ, romanized: Muḥammad Sirāj ad-Dīn Šams ad-Dīn, born in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara,  (1958-08-31) August 31, 1958), is an Indonesian politician and formerly the Chairman of Muhammadiyah for two terms from 2005 to 2010 and 2010 to 2015. His wife was named Fira Beranata, and has 3 children. He was entrusted as the Chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) Center, he previously served as Vice Chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council replacing Center Dr (HC), KH. Sahal Mahfouz, who died on Friday, January 24, 2014.

Indonesian Ulama Council
Indonesian Ulema Council (Indonesian: Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Arabic: مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي, abbreviated MUI) is Indonesia's top Islamic scholars' body. MUI was founded in Jakarta on 26 July 1975 during the New Order era. The council comprises many Indonesian Muslim groups including Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah (LDII), and smaller groups such as Syarikat Islam, Perti, Al Washliyah, Mathla'ul Anwar, GUPPI, PTDI, DMI, and Al Ittihadiyyah.

The Ahlul Bait Indonesia (Shi'ite) and Jemaat Ahmadiyyah Indonesia (Ahmadiyya) were not accepted as members. In 2005, MUI released the fatwa to prohibit Ahmadiyya as deviant sect of Islam and lobbied the President to ban the expelled religious sect.
Gil Tucker
Gil Tucker (born  23 August 1947) is an Australian television actor, most remembered for his role as Constable Roy Baker in the television crime drama Cop Shop.

Tucker co-starred as Max Buckley in 1988's House Rules. He portrayed Martin Chester in soap opera Neighbours in 1999. In 2007 to 2009 he played the part of the coroner on City Homicide.

Since 1988, Tucker has run a herb and fruit supply business to the hospitality trade around Melbourne.

In 2020 Tucker is starring in the play The Curtain in Melbourne.

Cop Shop
Cop Shop is a long-running Australian police drama television series produced by Crawford Productions that ran for seven seasons between 28 November 1977 and 23 July 1984. It comprised 582 one-hour episodes.
Røyken
Røyken is a district and village (bygd) and a former municipality in Buskerud, Norway. In 2020 Røyken was merged with the municipalities of Hurum and Asker to form the new Asker Municipality (informally called "Greater Asker") located in the newly formed Viken county. Because Viken seized to exist, all of the new Asker Municipality became part of Akershus County. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Midtbygda.  The parish of Røken was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

Oslo ATCC, the Area Control Center for the controlled airspace above Østlandet is located here.

Buskerud
Buskerud (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbʉ̂skərʉː] ⓘ) is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Innlandet, Vestland, Telemark and Vestfold. It extends from Oslofjord and Drammensfjord in the southeast to the Hardangervidda mountain range in the northwest. The administrative centre of the county is Drammen.

Buskerud was one of the three counties merged into Viken on 1 January 2020. On 23 February 2022, the Viken County Council voted 49-38 to submit an application to the Norwegian government for a demerger of itself. Due to this, Buskerud (except the area forming the defunct municipalities of Røyken and Hurum) was re-established in 2024.
Young Hunting (band)
Young Hunting is an American, Los Angeles-based dream pop, indie band, featuring members: Hari Rex (vocals/guitar), Ilya Mxx (vocals/guitar), Patrick Taylor (bass), and Miles Senzaki (drums). They are signed with Gold Robot Records and have released their second album. A couple of the band's members also played with The Pharcyde and Syl Johnson.

Gold Robot Records
Gold Robot Records is an Oakland-based boutique vinyl record label, formed in 2007 and specializing in vinyl and digital releases. The label has both acted as a platform to launch the careers of burgeoning artists and release small vinyl runs for established names, including Will Oldham (a.k.a. Bonnie "Prince" Billie). To date, Gold Robot Records has issued 38 vinyl releases (including one compilation) and 20 digital releases, as well as releasing free music and remixes from its catalog of artists.
Nishabd
Nishabd (pronounced [ˈnɪʃəbd]; transl. Speechless) is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Ram Gopal Varma, starring Amitabh Bachchan and debutant Jiah Khan. The story of the film took inspiration from the 1999 American film American Beauty, and the 1986 Indian film Anokha Rishta.

Nassar (actor)
Nassar (born Muhammad Hanif; 5 March 1958) is an Indian actor, director, producer, voice artist, singer and politician who mainly works in the Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam film industries. He has also worked in a few Kannada,  English, Hindi  and Bengali films. He is the incumbent president of the Nadigar Sangam, a trade union for film, television, and stage actors in Tamil Nadu.
Last Holiday (2006 film)
Last Holiday is a 2006 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Wayne Wang and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. The film is loosely based on the 1950 British film of the same name by J. B. Priestley. The film stars Queen Latifah as Georgia Byrd, a humble department store assistant who is told that she has a rare brain condition and only has a few weeks to live. She promptly decides to spend her remaining funds on a luxury holiday in Europe before she dies.

Price and Seaman wanted John Candy for the main role but, after Candy's death, Latifah's agent suggested a new version starring her. Produced by Robert Zemeckis' ImageMovers, the film was released by Paramount Pictures on January 13, 2006. The film underperformed at the box office, having grossed $43.3 million against a budget of $45 million and received mixed reviews from critics, though Latifah's performance was universally praised for her charm and humor.

Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman
Jeffrey Lawrence Price (born December 18, 1949) and Peter Stewart Seaman (born October 26, 1951) are an American screenwriting and producing duo whose notable works include Trenchcoat (1983), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), Doc Hollywood (1991), Wild Wild West (1999), How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), Last Holiday (2006), and Shrek the Third (2007).
James Haslam
James Haslam (1 April 1842 – 31 July 1913) was a British politician, representing Chesterfield as an MP from 1906 to 1913

Before entering Parliament in 1906, Haslam had been a founder member and served as a leading official of the Derbyshire Miners’ Association (DMA) since its inception some 30 years earlier. He was returned in 1906 as a Liberal candidate, but won the two General Elections of 1910 as a Labour candidate.

He died in 1913 in Chesterfield aged 71.

He currently has a statue outside the former Miner's Offices on Saltergate at Chesterfield.

Derbyshire Miners' Association
The Derbyshire Miners' Association was a trade union in the United Kingdom.

The union was founded in 1880 to represent coal miners in northern Derbyshire, as a split from the South Yorkshire Miners' Association.  Although it initially aimed to recruit members from across the county, it only developed strength in the north Derbyshire coalfield, and the separate South Derbyshire Amalgamated Miners' Association was founded in 1883.

In 1945, the union became the Derbyshire Area of the National Union of Mineworkers.  This was dissolved in 2015, by which point it had only four members.
Colquitt County School District
The Colquitt County School District is a public school district in Colquitt County, Georgia and based in Moultrie. It serves the communities of Berlin, Doerun, Ellenton, Funston, Moultrie, Norman Park, Omega, and Riverside.

Colquitt County, Georgia
Colquitt County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,898. The county seat is Moultrie. The county was created on February 25, 1856, and is named for Walter Terry Colquitt, a U.S. senator. Colquitt County comprises the Moultrie, GA micropolitan statistical area.
Solardome
Solardome Industries Limited (shortened to Solardome) is a UK manufacturer of glass geodesic domes.

The original greenhouse was an offshoot of the 1960s NATO developed early warning radar system. The Buckminster Fuller organisation designed and develop giant "golf ball" radar domes. In Europe, these were placed in Fylingdales, North Yorkshire.

These giant domes had to withstand extremes of wind and storm and yet remain unaffected. An ex German U-boat engineer, Hans Lemke, living in Hunmanby North Yorkshire was fascinated by these domes and thought, "If they can withstand these weather conditions then they would make an ideal domestic garden building, greenhouse or garden conservatory". He explored the Buckminster Fuller Geodesic domes and their principles and then designed and manufactured the first European domestic Geodesic dome, a 14' 6" Solardome.

The first glasshouse was produced in 1969 and production continues to this day, although not in Hunmanby.

Hunmanby
Hunmanby is a large village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It was part of the East Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. From 1974 to 2023 it was in the Scarborough district of the shire county of North Yorkshire. In 2023 the district was abolished and North Yorkshire became a unitary authority. It is on the edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Filey, 9 miles (14 km) south of Scarborough and 9 miles (14 km) north of Bridlington. The village is on the Centenary Way.

At the 2011 census, Hunmanby had a population of 3,132.

Hunmanby railway station is on the Yorkshire Coast Line between Hull and Scarborough.
Quaboag Plantation
Quaboag Plantation was a plantation founded in 1660 in Central Massachusetts that now makes up parts of the towns of Warren and New Braintree, as well as the whole towns of Brookfield, West Brookfield, North Brookfield, and East Brookfield. In 1673, the plantation broke up as the various towns that made up its land became incorporated.

East Brookfield, Massachusetts
East Brookfield is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 2,224 at the 2020 United States Census. The census-designated place of East Brookfield (CDP) is located in the town.
Stewart Township, Pennsylvania
Stewart Township is a township in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 623 at the 2020 census.

Stonerville and Kaufmann are the only villages in this very rural township, which is served by the Uniontown Area School District.

Two U.S. National Historic Landmarks are in Stewart Township. They are Fallingwater and Kentuck Knob. Both were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and are available for touring.

Uniontown Area School District
Uniontown Area School District is a highly fragmented midsized, rural public school district located in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.  It serves the city of Uniontown and the boroughs of Ohiopyle, and Markleysburg. It also serves Wharton, Henry Clay, Menallen, Franklin, and Stewart townships. The district encompasses approximately 250 square miles. Based on 2000 federal census data, the district serves a resident population of 26,925. In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $14,621, while the median family income was $33,750. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was 
$49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.
Tuba, Benguet
Tuba, officially the Municipality of Tuba,  (Ilocano: Ili ti Tuba; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tuba), is a  municipality in the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 49,268 people.

Tuba is known as the "Gateway to Baguio", as the Asin–Nangalisan–San Pascual Road, Ben Palispis Highway or Marcos Highway, Kennon Road and Naguilian Road, four access highways of the adjacent city of Baguio, traverse the municipality.

Bued River
The Bued River is a river in the island of Luzon in the Philippines with a total length of 80 km (50 mi). It covers primarily the provinces of Benguet and Pangasinan, and a few parts of La Union. The river originates from the city of Baguio and joins with the Angalacan River in the municipality of Mangaldan, Pangasinan to form the Cayanga River.
2007 Papua New Guinean general election
General elections were held in Papua New Guinea from 30 June 2007 to 14 July 2007.

For the first time, the election did not use first past the post (which has in the past resulted in a very volatile political system, with the election of a candidate being largely a matter of chance due to the large number of candidates), but rather Limited Preferential Voting, in which voters number their three most preferred candidates. PNG Police reported three deaths caused by election-related violence during the election period, a large decrease in the 100 deaths which occurred during the 2002 elections. 11,000 police officers and soldiers were deployed throughout the country to police the elections and keep the peace.

Originally scheduled to end on 10 July, it was decided that the elections would be extended by five days due to delays in transporting ballot boxes caused by bad weather.

National Alliance Party
The National Alliance Party has operated as a political party in Papua New Guinea since 1995. As of May 2019, the party had 11 members in the 111-seat National Parliament of Papua New Guinea, and was part of the Alliance Accord for Change, opposition to the O'Neill led government for Papua New Guinea's 10th Parliament.
Naane Varuven (1992 film)
Naane Varuven (transl. I myself will come) is a 1992 Indian Tamil language film, directed by Sripriya and produced by Girija. The film stars Rahman and Sripriya, with Rajani, Vagai Chandrasekhar, Vadivukkarasi, Gautami and Radhika in supporting roles. It is a spiritual sequel to the 1979 film Neeya?. The film was released on 27 February 1992.

Vadivukkarasi
Vadivukkarasi is an Indian actress. She made her acting debut in the Tamil-language film Sigappu Rojakkal (1978) and has acted in more than 350 films in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam and 40 television serials in Tamil. Film director A. P. Nagarajan is her maternal uncle. She is one of the most respected actresses in tamil cinema.
Jordanelle Reservoir
Jordanelle Reservoir is a reservoir in Wasatch County, Utah, United States, just north of Heber City.

Jordanelle Reservoir is fed and drained primarily by the Provo River, and is impounded by the Jordanelle Dam, an earthen dam. The construction of the dam resulted in the reroutings of both U.S. Route 40 and U.S. Route 189 (which now run concurrently over the summit of nearby mountains) and the submergence of the towns of Keetley, Hailstone, and Jordanelle.

While Jordanelle Reservoir is popular for water sports, anglers also frequent Jordanelle. Jordanelle has a more broad range of fish species than other local lakes. Anglers visit the lake to target rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, smallmouth bass, perch, wipers, and tiger muskie.

U.S. Route 40 in Utah
The west end of U.S. Route 40 (US-40) is in the U.S. state of Utah at Silver Creek Junction in Silver Summit (about 20.7 miles (33.3 km) east of Salt Lake City) with Interstate 80. From there it heads southeast through Heber City and east into Colorado on its way to the Mid-Atlantic.
Robert Dyke
Robert Dyke, Dyck or Dyche (died 1449) was an English-born cleric and judge who held high office in fifteenth-century Ireland. He was appointed to the offices of Archdeacon of Dublin, Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland, Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, and Master of the Rolls in Ireland, as well as holding several Church benefices.

Archdeacon of Dublin
The Archdeacon of Dublin is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough. The Archdeacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the Dublin part of the diocese, which is by far the largest.

The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Torquil, who held the office at some point during Lorcán Ua Tuathail's reign as Archbishop of Dublin and is theorised by George Thomas Stokes to have been of Danish descent. The current incumbent is David Pierpoint. In between, many of them went on to higher office:

William Chaumbre

Geoffrey de Turville

Nicholas de Clere

Nicholas Hill

Robert Dyke

Thomas Bache

Henry Ussher

Launcelot Bulkeley

Richard Reader

Enoch Reader

Richard Pococke

Robert Fowler

James Saurin

John Winthrop Crozier

Samuel Greenfield Poyntz

Noel Vincent Willoughby

Robert Warke

Gordon Linney
Wells Street Bridge (Chicago)
The Wells Street Bridge is a bascule bridge over the Chicago River, in downtown Chicago, Illinois, United States, which was built in 1922. Standing east of the Franklin Street Bridge and southeast of the Merchandise Mart, the bridge connects the Near North Side with "The Loop". The bridge is double-decked, the lower deck carrying three lanes of traffic south over the river with sidewalks on both sides of the street. The upper deck serves as a bridge for the Chicago Transit Authority's Brown and Purple lines. Bridge tenders' houses for controlling the bridge are on the northwest and southeast corners of the bridge.

Wells Street (Chicago)
Wells Street is a major north–south street in Chicago. It is officially designated as 200 West, and is named in honor of William Wells, a United States Army Captain who died in the Battle of Fort Dearborn. Between 1870 and 1912, it was named 5th Avenue so as not to tarnish the name of Wells during a period when the street had a bad reputation.

Some downtown blocks of Wells Street are located beneath the Chicago 'L' train system. The first Crate & Barrel store, which opened in 1962, was located on Wells Street.

Wells Street was named in Time Magazine's 1976 article "The Porno Plague".
Beaver, Polk County, Wisconsin
Beaver is a town in Polk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 753 at the 2000 census. The village of Turtle Lake and the unincorporated community of Range are located partially in the town.

Polk County, Wisconsin
Polk County is the westernmost county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,977.  Its county seat is Balsam Lake. The county was created in 1853 and named for United States President James K. Polk.