hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Squib (writing)
A squib is a brief satirical or witty piece of writing or speech, like a lampoon, or a short, sometimes humorous piece in a newspaper or magazine, used as a filler. It can be intended to ignite thinking and discourse by others on topics of theoretical importance, but is often less substantial than this and just humorous (see The Daily Squib).

One of the most famous squibs in English literature is The Candidate by Thomas Gray.

In linguistics, the term "squib" is used for a very short scholarly article; this usage in the field was popularized by John R. “Haj” Ross in the 1960s. A squib may outline anomalous data but not suggest a solution, or develop a minor theoretical argument. A particularly interesting variety of squibs are the so-called snippets, which are "the ideal footnote: a side remark that taken on its own is not worth lengthy development but that needs to be said". The online journal Snippets is dedicated to this type of squib.

John R. Ross
John Robert "Haj" Ross (May 7, 1938 – May 13, 2025) was an American poet and linguist. He played a part in the development of generative semantics along with George Lakoff, James D. McCawley, and Paul Postal. He was a professor of linguistics at MIT from 1966 to 1985 and worked in Brazil, Singapore and British Columbia. Until spring 2021, he taught at the University of North Texas.

Ross's 1967 MIT dissertation is a landmark in syntactic theory and documents in great detail Ross's discovery of syntactic islands. He is known  for naming concepts. He coined many new terms describing syntactic phenomena, including copula switch, gapping, heavy NP shift, myopia, the penthouse principle, pied piping, scrambling, siamese sentences, sluicing, slifting, and sloppy identity. In linguistics more generally, Ross popularized the use of the term squib to refer to a short scholarly article.
Listed buildings in Kingmoor
Kingmoor is a civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England.  It contains seven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the villages of Stainton and Cargo, and is otherwise rural.  The listed buildings consist of farmhouses, farm buildings, private houses, and a boathouse.

Stainton, Kingmoor
Stainton is a hamlet in the Kingmoor parish of Cumberland, Cumbria, England. It is near the city of Carlisle. Circa 1870, it had a population of 63 as recorded in the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales.
Guinns Creek
Guinns Creek is a stream in southeastern Pike County of eastern Missouri. It is a tributary of Bryants Creek.

The headwaters arise at the confluence of the North and South forks just north of the Pike-Lincoln county line at 39°13′46″N 90°55′41″W﻿ / ﻿39.22944°N 90.92806°W﻿ / 39.22944; -90.92806. The stream gains the tributary of Killdergen Creek just north of the community of Sledd and just before passing under Missouri Route W. The confluence with Bryants Creek is approximately one mile southeast of Annada and one-half mile east of Missouri Route 79 at 39°15′06″N 90°48′33″W﻿ / ﻿39.25167°N 90.80917°W﻿ / 39.25167; -90.80917.

Guinns Creek has the name of George Guinn, the original owner of the site.

Sledd, Missouri
Sledd is an unincorporated community in southeast Pike County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is on Missouri Route W two miles south of Paynesville and approximately one-half mile north of the Pike-Lincoln county line. Guinns Creek flows past the north side of the community.
Nakwi language
Nakwi is a Left May language of Papua New Guinea, in East Sepik Province. It is close to Nimo.

Nakwi is spoken to the south of the Ama-speaking area, in Augot, Nakwi-Amasu, Tiki (4°09′23″S 141°40′37″E﻿ / ﻿4.156505°S 141.677012°E﻿ / -4.156505; 141.677012﻿ (Tigi)), and Uwau (4°10′10″S 141°35′57″E﻿ / ﻿4.169381°S 141.599085°E﻿ / -4.169381; 141.599085﻿ (Uwau)) villages in Tunap/Hunstein Rural LLG, East Sepik Province.

Tunap/Hunstein Rural LLG
Tunap/Hunstein Rural LLG (often spelled locally as Tunap/Hustein) is a local-level government (LLG) of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. The LLG is home to speakers of many different Left May languages and Sepik languages.
Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin
Tōyō Eiwa Jogakuin (東洋英和女学院, Tōyō Eiwa Jogakuin) is a private girls academy founded on November 6, 1884, in Azabu, Minato, Tokyo by Martha J. Cartmell, a Methodist missionary from Canada. Toyo Eiwa Women's University, established as a four-year college in 1989, is attached to the school.

Azabu
35°39′16.7256″N 139°44′13.5″E﻿ / ﻿35.654646000°N 139.737083°E﻿ / 35.654646000; 139.737083

Azabu (麻布) is an area in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Built on a marshy area of foothills south of central Tokyo, its  coverage roughly corresponds to that of the former Azabu Ward, presently consisting of nine official districts: Azabu-Jūban, Azabudai, Azabu-Nagasakachō, Azabu-Mamianachō, Minami-Azabu, Nishi-Azabu, Higashi-Azabu, Moto-Azabu and Roppongi. It is known as one of Tokyo's most expensive and upscale residential districts with many artists, business people, and celebrities residing there. It is also known for its large foreign population, due in part to a number of foreign embassies present in the area.
Noisecontrollers
Bas Oskam, better known by his stage name Noisecontrollers, is a Dutch DJ and hardstyle music producer based in Veenendaal, Netherlands. Noisecontrollers was formerly a duo before Arjan Terpstra left the project in 2013, prompting Oskam to continue as a solo act. They are regarded as one of the pioneers of hardstyle music. Since leaving the project, Terpstra has been producing music using the stage name Bloqshot, focusing on different musical styles.

Veenendaal
Veenendaal (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈveːnə(n)ˌdaːl] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in central Netherlands, located in the province of Utrecht. Veenendaal is the only population centre within its administrative borders. The municipality had a population of 70,000 inhabitants on 8 August 2024 and covers an area of 19.72 km2 (7.61 sq mi).
1998 São Toméan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in São Tomé and Príncipe on 8 November 1998. The result was a victory for the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe-Social Democratic Party, which won 31 of the 55 seats in the National Assembly. Voter Turnout was 64.5%.

Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party
The Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party (Portuguese: Movimento de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe – Partido Social Democrata, abbr. MLSTP–PSD) is one of the main political parties in São Tomé and Príncipe. Jorge Bom Jesus is the current president of the party.
Urfa Man
The Urfa man, also known as the Balıklıgöl statue, is an ancient human shaped statue found during excavations in Balıklıgöl near Urfa, in the geographical area of Upper Mesopotamia, in the southeast of modern Turkey. It is dated c. 9000 BC to the period of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, and was considered as "the oldest naturalistic life-sized sculpture of a human". It is considered as contemporaneous with the sites of Göbekli Tepe (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A/B) and Nevalı Çori (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B), and belongs to the Taş Tepeler tradition of monumental statues of men holding their erect phallus. The site of Yeni Mahalle, which originally contained the statue, was carbon dated to 8600 BCE.

Pre-Pottery Neolithic
The Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) represents the early Neolithic in the Near East, dating to c. 12,000 – c. 8,500 years ago, (10000 – 6500 BCE). It succeeds the Natufian culture of the Epipalaeolithic Near East (also called Mesolithic), as the domestication of plants and animals was in its formative stages, having possibly been induced by the Younger Dryas.

The Pre-Pottery Neolithic culture came to an end around the time of the 8.2-kiloyear event, a cool spell centred on 6200 BCE that lasted several hundred years. It is succeeded by the Pottery Neolithic.
Nicolás Fernández Miranda
Nicolás Fernández Miranda (born November 25, 1972, in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a former rugby union footballer. He won over 40 caps, with six as captain playing at scrum half for the Argentina rugby union side (los Pumas). He made his international test debut at the age of 21 on 28 May 1994 against the United States. He scored 5 tries for Argentina. He played most of his career for the Hindú Club in Argentina. He spent the 2002 season playing for the South African side Sharks, and the 2003 season for Petrarca in Italy. He then returned to Hindú Club.

His brother is Juan Fernández Miranda.

Hindú Club
Hindú Club is an Argentine amateur sports club based in the Don Torcuato district of Tigre Partido. The institution is mostly known for its rugby union team, which currently competes in the Top 14, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires (URBA) league system. Hindú has become one of the most successful rugby teams of Argentina, having won 22 titles since 1996 to present days.

Apart from rugby, the club hosts other sports such as field hockey, football, futsal, tennis, gymnastics, golf and swimming.
Checotah, Oklahoma
Checotah is a city in McIntosh County, Oklahoma, United States. It was named for Samuel Checote, the first chief of the Creek Nation elected after the Civil War. Its population was 3,018 at the 2020 census, down from 3,335 in 2010.

Checotah is home to numerous antique malls, a Civil War battle site, and a downtown historic district. Checotah claims to be the steer wrestling capital of the world. Early boosters called Checotah "The Gem of the Prairie".

McIntosh County, Oklahoma
McIntosh County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,941. Its county seat is Eufaula. The county is named for an influential Muscogee Creek family, whose members led the migration of the Lower Towns to Indian Territory and served as leaders for generations.

It is one of the counties within the jurisdiction of the federally recognized Muscogee (Creek) Nation; a small portion is within the jurisdiction of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
Blk 88
Blk 88 (大牌88) is a Singaporean Chinese language web series produced by MediaCorp in 2012. Webisodes are available on xinmsn's catch-up TV portal, an online portal run by MediaCorp in collaboration with msn.com, and were broadcast on Channel 8 after the initial release. It was commissioned by the Media Development Authority after the success of web mini-series Let's Play Love. Not only is it the first locally produced animated web series, it is also the first animated comedy series produced in Singapore. It stars veteran actors Huang Wenyong and Lin Meijiao and Y.E.S. 93.3FM deejays Lin Peifen and Seah Kar Huat (Xie Jiafa) as well as several guest artistes.

Like Let's Play Love, Blk 88 was also well received by netizens, especially for its humorous satirical references to familiar aspects of Singaporean life and society. It notably satirised the MRT breakdowns which happened in December 2011.

Let's Play Love
Let's Play Love (PK爱情) is a Singaporean web series which was launched in April 2011. It was produced to celebrate xinmsn's 1st anniversary and is the first interactive web series produced by MediaCorp. Webisodes are available on xinmsn's Catch-up TV portal. It was also broadcast on Channel U.

The series is about the participants of a dating game show. Every five webisodes, netizens could vote on their favourite outcome and the next five webisodes are produced based on audience feedback. The webisodes are released only a week later to give the cast and crew time to film based on the online polls. The cast mainly consists of younger artistes such as Taiwan-based Singaporean singer Huang Jing Lun, Campus SuperStar 2006 runner-up Teresa Tseng and Star Search 2010 finalists Romeo Tan and Sora Ma as well as established MediaCorp artistes Bryan Wong and Michelle Chia.
Unity College, Murray Bridge
Unity College is a Lutheran school in Murray Bridge, South Australia. Unity teaches students from reception to Year 12. There are about 650 students enrolled at Unity College. The current principal is Kaye Mathwin-Cox.

Murray Bridge, South Australia
Murray Bridge (formerly Mobilong and Edwards Crossing; Ngarrindjeri: Pomberuk) is a city in the Australian state of South Australia, located 78 kilometres (48 mi) east-southeast of the state's capital city, Adelaide, and 77 kilometres (48 mi) north of the town of Meningie.

The city is called Pomberuk by the traditional owners of the land, the Ngarrindjeri people. It was later known as Mobilong and later as Edwards Crossing, before being renamed as Murray Bridge in 1924, deriving its name from the then Murray River road/rail bridge crossing over the Murray River. The city is situated on the Princes Highway, the main road transport link between Adelaide and Melbourne.

The city services a farming area including dairy, pigs, chickens, cereal crops and vegetables.
HMS Magnanime (1748)
Magnanime was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy launched in 1744 at Rochefort. Captured on 12 January 1748, she was taken into the Royal Navy as the third-rate HMS Magnanime. She played a major part in the 1757 raid on Rochefort, helping to silence the batteries on the Île-d'Aix, and served at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in 1759 under Lord Howe, where she forced the surrender of the French 74-gun Héros. Following a survey in 1770, she was deemed unseaworthy and was broken up in 1775.

Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe
Admiral of the Fleet Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (8 March 1726 – 5 August 1799) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. After serving in the War of the Austrian Succession, he gained a reputation for his role in amphibious operations against the French coast as part of Britain's policy of naval descents during the Seven Years' War. He also took part, as a naval captain, in the decisive British naval victory at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in November 1759.

In North America, Howe is best known for his service during the American War of Independence, when he acted as a naval commander and a peace commissioner with the American rebels; he also conducted a successful relief during the Great Siege of Gibraltar in the later stages of the War. Howe later commanded the victorious British fleet during the Glorious First of June in June 1794 during the French Revolutionary Wars.
Jensen-Healey
The Jensen-Healey is a British two-seater convertible sports car, produced by Jensen Motors Ltd. in West Bromwich, England, from 1972 until 1976.

Launched in 1972 as a luxurious and convertible sports car, it was positioned in the market between the Triumph TR6 and the Jaguar E-Type. A related fastback, the Jensen GT, was introduced in 1975.

Jensen Motors
Jensen Motors Limited was a British manufacturer of sports cars and commercial vehicles in West Bromwich, England. Brothers Alan and Richard Jensen gave the new name, Jensen Motors Limited, to the commercial- and sports car body-making business of W J Smith & Sons Limited in 1934. It ceased trading in 1976. Though trading would resume in 1998, Jensen Motors Limited was dissolved on 30 July 2011.

Jensen Motors built specialist car bodies for major manufacturers alongside vehicles of their own design using engines and mechanicals sourced from major manufacturers Ford, Austin and Chrysler.

The rights to Jensen's trademarks were bought with the company and it briefly operated in Speke, Liverpool, from 1998 to 2002. Under subsequent owners, a new version of the Jensen Interceptor was announced in 2011. It was planned to bring manufacture of that new model back to the former Jaguar motor plant in Browns Lane, Coventry.
Fulda (river)
The Fulda (German pronunciation: [ˈfʊlda] ⓘ) is a river of Hesse and Lower Saxony, Germany. It is one of two headstreams of the Weser (the other one being the Werra). The Fulda is 220.4 kilometres (137.0 mi) long.

The river arises at Wasserkuppe in the Rhön mountains in Hesse. From there it runs northeast, flanked by the Knüll mountains in the west and the Seulingswald in the east. Near Bebra it changes direction to the northwest.

After joining the Eder river it flows straight north until Kassel, then changes direction to the northeast, with the Kaufungen Forest east and the beginning of the Reinhardswald forest northwest.  The north end of the river meets the Werra in Hannoversch Münden, Lower Saxony, where the Fulda and the Werra join to form the Weser river.

Cities along the Fulda include:

Gersfeld

Fulda

Bad Hersfeld

Bebra

Rotenburg an der Fulda

Melsungen

Kassel

Wasserkuppe
The Wasserkuppe (German pronunciation: [ˈvasɐˌkʊpə] ⓘ;) is the highest mountain in the Rhön range and the tallest elevation in the German state of Hesse, standing at 950 metres (3,120 ft) above sea level. It forms a prominent plateau within the Fulda district and is known as the "cradle of gliding". Great advances in sailplane development took place here during the interwar period, driven by annual contests. To this day, an airfield near the summit continues to be used by gliding clubs and light aircraft pilots.
Mochrum
Mochrum (/ˈmɔːxrʌm/) is a coastal civil and Church of Scotland parish situated to the east of Luce Bay on the Machars peninsula and 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Wigtown and in the historical county of Wigtownshire in Galloway, Scotland. It covers 22,000 acres (8,900 ha) and is approximately 10 miles (16 km) in length and 5 miles (8.0 km) in breadth. The parish contains the eponymous village of Mochrum, as well as Port William and the clachan of Elrig.

Machars
The Machars (Scottish Gaelic: Machair Ghallghaidhealaibh) is a peninsula in the historical county of Wigtownshire in Galloway in the south-west of Scotland.  Its name (in Scots and English) is derived from the Gaelic word Machair meaning low-lying or level land, known as "links" on the east coast of Scotland.  Although there are no high peaks in The Machars, it is not flat and would best be described as undulating or rolling, and is home to hills such as Cairnsmore of Fleet and Merrick Hill. The North Atlantic Drift or Gulf Stream creates a mild climate, and dolphins and basking sharks are frequently seen in the seas.
Collingbourne Kingston
Collingbourne Kingston is a village and civil parish about 8 miles (13 km) south of the market town of Marlborough in Wiltshire, England. The village, which is on the A338 primary route between Andover and Marlborough, is one of several on the River Bourne, a seasonal river which is usually dry in summer. The parish includes the hamlets of Aughton and Brunton.

The toponym Collingbourne means the "Bourne as the stream of Cola's people". Collingbourne Kingston was so named to distinguish it from its southerly neighbour Collingbourne Ducis. Until the 14th century, Collingbourne Kingston was called Collingbourne Abbot's with reference to Hyde Abbey, Winchester, the owner of the principal manor.  The change to Kingston was a reference to the appearance of Collingbourne in the Domesday Book.

A338 road
The A338 is a major primary route in southern England, that runs from the junction with the A35 at Poole in Dorset to the junction with the A420 at Besselsleigh in Oxfordshire, a distance of 84 miles (135 km).

In Bournemouth and Poole the road is known as the Wessex Way.
Janet Godman
Janet Louise Godman (née Siderfin; born 16 March 1966) is an English former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter. She played two Test matches and seven One Day Internationals for England between 1991 and 1996. She played domestic cricket for Thames Valley, West of England, Somerset, Wiltshire, and Buckinghamshire.

Buckinghamshire Women cricket team
The Buckinghamshire Women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Buckinghamshire. They play their home games across the county, and are captained by Izzy Gurney. They consistently played in the bottom tier of the Women's County Championship until the competition ended, and they now play only in the Women's Twenty20 Cup. They are partnered with the regional side Southern Vipers.
Southorpe
Southorpe is a settlement and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. It is now within the Peterborough unitary authority area of the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire but it was part of the Soke of Peterborough, an historic area that was traditionally associated with Northamptonshire. For electoral purposes it forms part of Barnack ward in North West Cambridgeshire constituency. The nearest town is Stamford in Lincolnshire. In 2021 the parish had a population of 145.

In the parish, towards Barnack, is the Grade I listed Walcot Hall.

Walcot Hall
Walcot Hall is a Grade I listed Carolean country house in the civil parish of Southorpe, Cambridgeshire, England. It lies 2 km (1 mile) south east of the village of Barnack. The house is now within the boundary of the Peterborough unitary authority area of the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire but it was part of the Soke of Peterborough, an historic area that was traditionally associated with Northamptonshire.

The house is constructed of limestone ashlar in two storeys plus attic with a rectangular floor plan of nine bays by five and a Collyweston stone slate hipped roof. It stands in some 120 acres of wooded parkland as part of a 1400-acre agricultural estate.  In the grounds are two temples by William Henry Ansell. The stables, north lodge and associated structures are Grade II listed.
Stein's unbiased risk estimate
In statistics, Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) is an unbiased estimator of the mean-squared error of "a nearly arbitrary, nonlinear biased estimator."  In other words, it provides an indication of the accuracy of a given estimator. This is important since the true mean-squared error of an estimator is a function of the unknown parameter to be estimated, and thus cannot be determined exactly.

The technique is named after its discoverer, Charles Stein.

Charles M. Stein
Charles Max Stein (March 22, 1920 – November 24, 2016) was an American mathematical statistician and professor of statistics at Stanford University.

He received his Ph.D. in 1947 at Columbia University with advisor Abraham Wald. He held faculty positions at Berkeley and the University of Chicago before moving permanently to Stanford in 1953. He is known for Stein's paradox in decision theory, which shows that ordinary least squares estimates can be uniformly improved when many parameters are estimated; for Stein's lemma, giving a formula for the covariance of one random variable with the value of a function of another when the two random variables are jointly normally distributed; and for Stein's method, a way of proving theorems  such as the Central Limit Theorem that does not require the variables to be independent and identically distributed. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He died in November 2016 at the age of 96.