hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3rd Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire
The Third Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire was elected in the 1908 Ottoman general election, which was called following the Young Turk Revolution.  The new parliament consisted of 147 Turks, 60 Arabs, 27 Albanians, 26 Greeks (Rum), 14 Armenians, 10 Slavs, and four Jews. Including the amount of deputies elected in by-elections, the total amount of seats included 288 deputies. On 17 January 1912, through an imperial decree, the Sultan Mehmed V dissolved the Chamber of Deputies and called for new elections within three months.

1908 Ottoman general election
General elections were held in November and December 1908 for all 288 seats of the Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire, following the Young Turk Revolution which established the Second Constitutional Era. They were the first elections contested by organised political parties.
Antique Airfield
Antique Airfield is a private use airfield located three miles northeast of Blakesburg, Iowa. Antique Airfield is owned and operated by Robert L. Taylor and the Airpower Museum. It is the home of the Antique Airplane Association, Inc., the Airpower Museum, Inc., and the APM Library of Flight.

Airpower Museum (Antique Airfield)
The Airpower Museum is a 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m2) aviation museum located near Blakesburg, Iowa on Antique Airfield. The Airpower Museum was founded by Robert L. Taylor and the Antique Airplane Association in 1965 and features various periods of aviation through models, engines, propellers, photos and original art. Approximately 25 aircraft are on display, including warbirds from World War II.
Lowman, New York
Lowman is a hamlet of the towns of Ashland and Chemung in Chemung County, New York, United States. The zipcode is: 14861.

The Riverside Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

Chemung County, New York
Chemung County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 84,148 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is Elmira. Its name is derived from a Delaware Indian village whose name means "big horn" in the Seneca language. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Chemung County comprises the Elmira, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY Combined Statistical Area.

Many signs posted along roads in Chemung County refer to the area as "Mark Twain Country," because the noted author lived and wrote for many years in Elmira.
XESAL-AM
XESAL-AM was a radio station serving Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, owned by the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN). Broadcasting on 1220 kHz, XESAL was a daytime-only radio station known as Radio Universidad Agraria.

The UAAAN failed to renew the permit for XESAL-AM in 2012, and the station is currently considered unlicensed.

XESAL-AM had to leave the air during night hours to prevent interference with XEB, the Class A station on 1220 AM.

Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro
The Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University or Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro in Spanish (UAAAN) is a public university in Mexico dedicated to the Agricultural, Silvicultural, Animal Production, food and Environmental Sciences. It is located 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Saltillo, in the Mexican state of Coahuila. The Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University is one of the most important agricultural colleges of Latin America, and the "Narro" has national and international recognition in the agricultural and animal industry and the high academic level. There is also a campus in Torreón, Coahuila. It is also called "Universidad Antonio Narro" for short, or simply, "La Narro". In 2008 the UAAAN had an enrollment of about 4,500 students in both campuses, all in agriculture and related sciences.
Igliano
Igliano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Cuneo, with an area of 3.4 square kilometres (1.3 sq mi). As of 31 December 2004 it had a population of 80.

Igliano borders the municipalities of Castellino Tanaro, Marsaglia, Murazzano, Roascio, and Torresina.

Province of Cuneo
The province of Cuneo (Italian: provincia di Cuneo; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Coni) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. To the west, it borders the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Hautes-Alpes), to the north the Metropolitan City of Turin, to the east the province of Asti and to the south the Ligurian provinces of Savona and Imperia. It is also known as la Provincia Granda (Piedmontese for 'The Big Province'), because it is the largest province in Piedmont and the fourth-largest in Italy (following Sassari, South Tyrol and Foggia). Briga Marittima and Tenda were part of this province before their cession to France in 1947.
Buitrago del Lozoya
Buitrago del Lozoya (Spanish pronunciation: [bwiˈtɾaɣo ðel loˈθoʝa]) is a municipality of the autonomous community of Madrid in central Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Sierra Norte. The town is one of the few in the community that have maintained its walls, which are of Moorish origin (11th century) and have been restored in the 15th century. It lies on a peninsula surrounded by the Lozoya river.

Other sights include:

Buitrago del Lozoya Castle, a Gothic-Mudéjar structure dating from the 15th century, with rectangular plan

the church of Santa María del Castillo (1321), in the same style

the Picasso Museum.  This small museum contains works by Pablo Picasso from the collection of Eugenio Arias.  Arias, a barber by profession, came from Buitrago and was a friend of the artist.

Castle of Buitrago del Lozoya
The Castle of Buitrago del Lozoya (Spanish: Castillo de Buitrago del Lozoya) is a castle located inside the walls of Buitrago del Lozoya, Community of Madrid region, Spain.

It was built in the 15th century in Gothic-Mudéjar style. It has a rectangular plan, with seven towers of various shapes (round, pentagonal, square), all in stone. The interior is in ruins.

It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931.
Richard Hall (composer)
Richard Hall (16 September 1903 – 24 May 1982) was an English musician and composer who became professor of composition at the Royal Manchester College of Music, a position he held from 1938 until 1956, when he became director of music at Dartington College of Arts. Hall became an ordained Anglican minister in 1926, and in 1967 he left Dartington to become a Unitarian minister.

Hall's pupils at the Royal Manchester College of Music included Ronald Stevenson, Arthur Butterworth, Peter Maxwell Davies, Harrison Birtwistle, Alexander Goehr, David Wilde and John Ogdon.

His orchestral compositions include a Piano Concerto (1931), Violin Concerto (1939), Cello Concerto (1944) and four numbered Symphonies. He also wrote much chamber music (including many string quartets and sonatas) and solo piano music (including 19 numbered sonatas).

David Wilde
David Wilde (25 February 1935 – 23 October 2025) was an English pianist, composer and academic teacher. He won the 1961 Liszt–Bartók Competition. In 1962, he won the Queen's Prize and was invited to play with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic at the Royal Concert in the Royal Festival Hall in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II. Wilde was a professor of piano at the Musikhochschule Hannover from 1981 to 2000 and later became a visiting professor in keyboard studies at the University of Edinburgh. During the 1990s, he composed many works which protested against human rights abuses that were happening at the time and was twice honoured by the city of Sarajevo. Wilde frequently played as a soloist at the Proms.
A Flock of Seagulls (album)
A Flock of Seagulls is the debut studio album by English new wave band A Flock of Seagulls, released in April 1982 by Jive Records. It hit No. 10 on the US Billboard 200 and No. 32 on the UK Albums Chart. The album includes the single "I Ran (So Far Away)", which reached the top 10 in the United States and New Zealand, as well as No. 1 in Australia. "Space Age Love Song" also reached the US top 40.

On February 17, 2023, a 3CD deluxe edition of A Flock of Seagulls was released to commemorate its 40th anniversary. The 3CD featured a remastered version of the original album, B-sides, single versions, remixes, BBC sessions and a BBC concert from The Paris Theatre, London, which was originally transmitted in January 1982. It also featured sleeve notes by Classic Pop writer John Earls, including a new interview with lead singer and founding band member Mike Score. In addition, the remastered album was also available as a limited-edition transparent orange vinyl LP.

A Flock of Seagulls
A Flock of Seagulls is an English new wave band formed in Liverpool in 1979. The group, whose best-known line-up comprised Mike Score, Ali Score, Frank Maudsley and Paul Reynolds, hit the peak of their chart success in the early 1980s.

The group had a string of international hit singles including "I Ran (So Far Away)" (1982), "Space Age Love Song" (1982), "Wishing (If I Had a Photograph of You)" (1982), and "The More You Live, the More You Love" (1984). Their video for "I Ran (So Far Away)" received airplay on MTV during the Second British Invasion. The band won a Grammy Award in 1983 for their instrumental "D.N.A." (1982).

In 2018, the members of the original lineup assembled to record the album Ascension with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra. In 2021, the original lineup again reunited temporarily to record another album with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, String Theory.
Monroe County Courthouse (Georgia)
The Monroe County Courthouse is the courthouse for Monroe County, Georgia in Forsyth, which was built in 1896.  It was designed by architects Bruce & Morgan, who also designed the similar Butts County Courthouse built two years later.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The courtroom was called "one of the most impressive in Georgia" in its National Register nomination.

Bruce & Morgan
Bruce & Morgan was an American architectural firm based in Atlanta. It was established in 1882 as the partnership of architects Alexander Campbell Bruce (1835-1927) and Thomas Henry Morgan (1857-1940).
Dipoenus and Scyllis
Dipoenus (Ancient Greek: Διποίνος) and Scyllis (Ancient Greek: Σκύλλις) were early ancient Greek sculptors from Crete who worked together and were said to have been pupils of Daedalus. Pliny assigns to them the date 580 BC, and says that they worked at Sicyon, which city from their time onwards became one of the great schools of sculpture. They also made statues for Cleonae and Argos. They worked in wood, ebony and ivory, and apparently also in marble.

Sicyon
Sicyon (/ˈsɪʃiˌɒn, ˈsɪs-/; Greek: Σικυών; gen.: Σικυῶνος) or Sikyōn was an ancient Greek city state situated in the northern Peloponnesus between Corinth and Achaea on the territory of the present-day regional unit of Corinthia. The ruins lie just west of the modern village of Sikyona (previously Vasiliko). An ancient monarchy at the times of the Trojan War, the city was ruled by a number of tyrants during the Archaic and Classical period and became a democracy in the 3rd century BC. Sicyon was celebrated for its contributions to ancient Greek art, producing many famous painters and sculptors. In Hellenistic times it was also the home of Aratus of Sicyon, the leader of the Achaean League.
Dosti (1964 film)
Dosti (transl. Friendship) is a 1964 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Satyen Bose, produced by Tarachand Barjatya, and distributed by Rajshri Productions. The film focuses on the friendship between two boys: one blind (Sudhir Kumar Sawant) and the other physically disabled (Sushil Kumar Somaya ). The film also features Sanjay Khan, Farida Dadi, Nana Palsikar and Leela Mishra in supporting roles.

Dosti was amongst the top ten highest-grossing films of 1964, declared a "Super Hit" at the box office, and entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1977, the film was remade in Malayalam and Telugu as Sneham. Dosti won six Filmfare Awards out of seven nominated categories.

Sneham (1977 film)
Sneham is a 1977 Indian Telugu-Malayalam bilingual film, directed by A. Bhimsingh and produced by K. N. S. Jaffarsha. The film stars Sukumari, Adoor Bhasi, Mallika Sukumaran and Master Rajkrishna in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Jaya Vijaya. The film is a remake of Hindi film Dosti (1964).
Tabarsi Metro Station (Mashhad Metro)
36°19′30.41″N 59°40′31.12″E﻿ / ﻿36.3251139°N 59.6753111°E﻿ / 36.3251139; 59.6753111

Tabarsi Metro Station is the northern terminus of Mashhad Metro Line 2. The station opened on 15 February 2017. Prior to opening, the station was to be called Kashaf Roud Station, named after Kashafrud River, a river defining the northern limits of the city of Mashhad, as the train depot of the line was located on the right bank of the river several hundred meters north of this station. In its initial opening days it was called Velayat Station but the City Council decided to replace the names of stations 1 and 2 of line 2. It is located on North Tabarsi Boulevard.

Mashhad Urban Railway
Mashhad Urban Railway (Persian: قطار شهری مشهد, the literal translation of the name from Persian) is a rapid transit system in Mashhad, Iran. It is the second oldest rapid transit system in Iran. The system has been known by a number of terms, including "light rail" or "light metro" and "urban rail" or "metro", but while its lines are built to different standards the system features full-grade separation and the frequent headways generally associated with rapid transit. The Mashhad Urban Railway operates Line 1 from 6 to 22:00 daily.

As of 2025, the system operates 3 lines; Line 1, inaugurated in 2011, is an east-west light rail line connecting to the airport. Line 2, inaugurated in 2017, is a heavy rail route along the city's north-south axis. Line 3, in partial operation since 2025, is also built to heavy rail standards and serves the central area around Imam Reza shrine.
Conor McGrath
Conor McGrath (born 29 May 1991) is an Irish hurler who plays as a left corner-forward for the Clare senior team.

Born in Ennis, County Clare, McGrath was introduced to hurling by his father, a Toomevara native who was heavily involved in hurling coaching. He developed his skills in the Harty Cup with St. Caimin's Community School, while simultaneously becoming involved at underage levels with the Cratloe club. A dual player at the highest level, McGrath has won two championship medals each in both hurling and Gaelic football.

McGrath made his debut on the inter-county scene when he first linked up with the Clare minor team. After little success in this grade, he later won two All-Ireland medals with the under-21 team. McGrath made his senior debut during the 2011 championship. He has since gone on to play a key role for Clare in attack during a successful era, and has won one All-Ireland medal and one National Hurling League medal.

McGrath attended NUI Galway.

Clare GAA
The Clare County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Contae an Chláir) or Clare GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Clare. Clare plays its home games at Zimmer Biomet Páirc Chíosóg in Ennis.

The county hurling team competes in Division 1 of the National Hurling League and in the Munster Senior Hurling Championship (SHC), the former of which it has won five times, most recently in 2024. Clare has won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) five times in its history. The county won its first title in 1914 and took another 81 years to win a second title in 1995, which remains the record wait for a successive title in Senior Championship history. Clare won All-Ireland SHC titles in 1914, 1995, 1997, 2013 and 2024.

The county football team contested the 1917 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.
3 + 3
3 + 3 is the eleventh album released by the Isley Brothers for the Epic label under their T-Neck imprint on August 7, 1973. In 2020, the album was ranked at 464 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.

Chris Jasper
Christopher Howard Jasper (December 30, 1951 – February 23, 2025) was an American singer, composer and producer. Jasper was a member of the Isley Brothers from 1973 to 1983, and Isley-Jasper-Isley from 1984 to 1987. He was also a successful solo musician and record producer, recording over 17 of his own solo albums, including four urban contemporary gospel albums, all written, produced and performed, both vocally and instrumentally, by Jasper.

He also produced artists for his New York City-based record label, Gold City Records. Jasper's keyboard and Moog synthesizer work was his signature contribution to the Isley Brothers' music of the 1970s and 1980s when the Isley Brothers were a self-contained band.
TopView
TopView is the first object-oriented, multitasking, and windowing, personal computer operating environment for PC DOS developed by IBM, announced in August 1984 and shipped in March 1985. TopView provided a text-mode (although it also ran in graphics mode) operating environment that allowed users to run more than one application at the same time on a PC. IBM demonstrated an early version of the product to key customers before making it generally available, around the time they shipped their new PC AT computer.

IBM PC DOS
IBM PC DOS (an acronym for IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System), also known as PC DOS or IBM DOS, is a discontinued disk operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, its successors, and IBM PC compatibles. It was sold by IBM from the early 1980s into the 2000s. Developed by Microsoft, it was also sold by that company to the open market as MS-DOS. Both operating systems were identical or almost identical until 1993, when IBM began selling PC DOS 6.1 with its own new features. The collective shorthand for PC DOS and MS-DOS was DOS, which is also the generic term for disk operating system, and is shared with dozens of disk operating systems called DOS.
Plaza Universidad
Plaza Universidad is a shopping mall located on Avenida Universidad in colonia Santa Cruz Atoyac, Benito Juárez borough, Mexico City. It was the first shopping center anchored by a department store built in the city, opened on November 28, 1969. It is still anchored by Sears Mexico, as well as Sanborn's, Yak Casino, and Cinépolis multicinemas.

Upon its opening, with 75 shops and 500 parking spaces, it was the largest shopping center in Mexico, retaining that title until 1971 when the larger Plaza Satélite opened. Both malls were designed by architect Juan Sordo Madaleno.

Sears Mexico
Sears Operadora México, S.A. de C.V. (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseaɾs]) is a department store chain located in Mexico, operating 93 stores all over Mexico as of 2024. Sears México is operated by Grupo Sanborns, a division of Grupo Carso.
KFBK (AM)
KFBK (1530 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Sacramento, California.  It is simulcast on KFBK-FM 93.1 MHz.  KFBK-AM-FM air a news-talk radio format and are owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.  The studios and offices are on River Park Drive in North Sacramento, near the Arden Fair Mall.

KFBK is a Class A radio station.  Its 50,000-watt transmitter is on Pleasant Grove Road at Catlett Road in Pleasant Grove. Because KFBK shares AM 1530 with another Class A station, WCKY in Cincinnati, KFBK uses a directional antenna, which operates with separate day and night parameters and has the highest field strength of any AM station in the United States.  The daytime signal covers much of Northern California, from the northern Sacramento Valley to the San Francisco Bay Area and the Central Valley. At night, it reaches much of the Western United States and Western Canada.

1530 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1530 kHz: 1530 AM is a United States clear-channel frequency. KFBK Sacramento and WCKY Cincinnati share Class A status on 1530 AM.

Because 1530 kHz is a multiple of both 9 and 10, the frequency is available for use by broadcast stations in all three ITU regions.
Peter Gifford
Peter Gifford (born 6 April 1955), sometimes known as "Giffo," is an Australian musician.  From 1980 until 1987, he played bass guitar, Chapman Stick and sang backing vocals for Australian rock band Midnight Oil.

Place Without a Postcard
Place Without a Postcard is the third studio album by Australian rock band Midnight Oil, released in November 1981 under Sprint Music and the Columbia Records label. It peaked at No. 12 on the Kent Music Report albums chart and the related singles "Don't Wanna Be the One" and "Armistice Day" reached the associated Top 40 chart.
On Denoting
"On Denoting" is an essay by Bertrand Russell. It was published in the philosophy journal Mind in 1905. In it, Russell introduces and advocates his theory of denoting phrases, according to which definite descriptions and other "denoting phrases ... never have any meaning in themselves, but every proposition in whose verbal expression they occur has a meaning." This theory later became the basis for Russell's descriptivism with regard to proper names, and his view that proper names are "disguised" or "abbreviated" definite descriptions.

In the 1920s, Frank P. Ramsey referred to the essay as "that paradigm of philosophy". In the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry Descriptions, Peter Ludlow singled the essay out as "the paradigm of philosophy", and called it a work of "tremendous insight"; provoking discussion and debate among philosophers of language and linguists for over a century.

Nonexistent objects
In metaphysics and ontology, nonexistent objects are a concept advanced by Austrian philosopher Alexius Meinong in the 19th and 20th centuries within a "theory of objects". He was interested in intentional states which are directed at nonexistent objects. Starting with the "principle of intentionality", mental phenomena are intentionally directed towards an object. People may imagine, desire or fear something that does not exist. Other philosophers concluded that intentionality is not a real relation and therefore does not require the existence of an object, while Meinong concluded there is an object for every mental state whatsoever—if not an existent then at least a nonexistent one.
Lake Allatoona
Lake Allatoona (officially called Allatoona Lake) is a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers reservoir on the Etowah River in northwestern part of the State of Georgia. This reservoir is mostly in southeastern Bartow County and southwestern Cherokee County. A small portion is located in Cobb County near Acworth.

Cartersville is the nearest city to Allatoona Dam. Also, Red Top Mountain State Park is located on its shores, on the peninsula between the two arms of the lake. Most of the north side of the lake remains protected from land development because of its isolated location, mostly blocked by the lake.

The major highways Interstate 75 and U.S. Highway 41 pass along the southern and western side of Lake Allatoona, and they cross the Etowah River downstream from the Allatoona Dam.

Cherokee County, Georgia
Cherokee County is in the US state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census the population was 266,620. The county seat is Canton. The county Board of Commissioners is the governing body, with members elected to office. Cherokee County is included to be part of Metro Atlanta.