hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1960 Turkish coup d'état
The 1960 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: 27 Mayıs Darbesi), also known as the 27 May Revolution (Turkish: 27 Mayıs İhtilali or 27 Mayıs Devrimi), was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on 27 May 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were de facto led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan.

Alparslan Türkeş
Alparslan Türkeş (Turkish pronunciation: [alˈpaɾsɫan tyɾˈceʃ]; 25 November 1917 – 4 April 1997) was a Turkish politician, who was the founder and president of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Grey Wolves (Ülkü Ocakları). He ran the Grey Wolves training camps from 1968 to 1978. More than 600 people are said to have fallen victim of political murders by the Grey Wolves between 1968 and 1980. He represented the far-right of the Turkish political spectrum. He was and still is called Başbuğ ("Leader") by his devotees.
Cedars of Lebanon State Park
Cedars of Lebanon State Park is a state park in Wilson County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. It consists of 900 acres (364 ha) situated amidst the 9,420-acre (3,810 ha) Cedars of Lebanon State Forest. The park and forest are approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of Lebanon, Tennessee.

Cedars of Lebanon State Forest is known for its cedar glades, a unique type of ecosystem that has adapted to the thin (or nonexistent) soil layers that often occur in the eastern Central Basin. These glades are typically flanked by thick stands of red cedar, a type of juniper tree that can survive in soil layers too thin to support most large wooded plants. The presence of the red cedar in the basin reminded the region's early Euro-American settlers of the Lebanese cedar forests of Biblical fame.

Lebanon, Tennessee
Lebanon (/ˈlɛbənən/ LEB-ən-ən) is a city in and the county seat of Wilson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 38,431 at the 2020 census and has an estimated population of 51,501 as of 2024. Lebanon is located in Middle Tennessee, approximately 25 miles (40 km) east of downtown Nashville. Lebanon is part of the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Twórczość
Twórczość (Polish pronunciation: [ˈtfur.t͡ʂɔɕt͡ɕ] ⓘ, Creativity, or Creative Output) is a Polish monthly literary journal, first published in 1945. Since 1 April 2000, Twórczość has been published by the state-funded Book Institute (Instytut Książki). It publishes poetry, fiction and literary criticism.

Adam Ważyk was editor in chief from 1950 to 1954, when he was succeeded by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz. Other editors have included Andrzej Kijowski, writing under his pseudonym Daedalus, and Zdzisław Najder.

Nobel laureate Wisława Szymborska has contributed frequently to Twórczość from 1949 down to the present day. Czesław Miłosz published several of his most important works in Twórczość in 1945–1951, but after he defected to the West he did not appear in Twórczość again until 1978.

As of May 2025, Darek Foks is the editor-in-chief.

Adam Ważyk
Adam Ważyk born Ajzyk Wagman (17 November 1905 – 13 August 1982) was a Polish poet, essayist and writer born to a Jewish family in Warsaw. In his early career, he was associated with the Kraków avant-garde led by Tadeusz Peiper who published  Zwrotnica monthly. Ważyk wrote several collections of poetry in the interwar years.  His work during this period focused largely on the losses of World War I.

As a member of the Communist Party of Poland, Ważyk belonged to a group of left-wing writers active in Warsaw in the 1930s. At the onset of World War II he escaped to Lwów in the Soviet occupied part of Poland, where he published articles for Czerwony Sztandar (Red Banner). Later, he joined the Berling Army as political officer. After the war he was a very influential person. Initially a strong supporter of communism he became very critical later on. His "Poem for Adults" marks the end of the socialist realism era in Polish literature.
Friedrich Julius Richelot
Friedrich Julius Richelot (6 November 1808 – 31 March 1875) was a German mathematician, born in Königsberg. He was a student of Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.

He was promoted in 1831 at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Königsberg with a dissertation on the division of the circle into 257 equal parts (see references) and was a professor there.

Richelot authored numerous publications in German, French and Latin, among them — with his 1832 dissertation — the first known guide to the Euclidean construction of the regular 257-gon with compass and straightedge.

In 1825, he joined the Corps Masovia.

He died in Königsberg in 1875.

University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg (German: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was a university in Königsberg, East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussia and received the royal privilege by King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland in 1560. The university was commonly known as the Albertina.

Following World War II, the city of Königsberg (renamed Kaliningrad) was transferred to the Soviet Union under the terms of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement. The Albertina was closed and the remaining German population was expelled. Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.
Hou Kai
Hou Kai (Chinese: 侯凯; born April 1962) is a Chinese politician, currently serving as auditor-general of the National Audit Office. He has been a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection since November 2012.

He is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Auditor-General of the National Audit Office
The auditor-general of the National Audit Office of the People's Republic of China is the head of the National Audit Office of the People's Republic of China and a member of the State Council. Within the State Council, the position is twenty-third in order of precedence. The minister is responsible for leading the ministry, presiding over its meetings, and signing important documents related to the ministry. Officially, the minister is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president.

The current minister is Hou Kai, who concurrently serves as the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the office.
Dallas County Sheriff
Dallas County, Texas, the sheriff heads the Dallas County Sheriff's Office, the county's main law enforcement agency.

The department the sheriff heads was established on March 30, 1846, and the first sheriff was elected on the very same day.

Dallas County, Texas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,613,539, and was estimated to be 2,656,028 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in Texas and the eighth-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Dallas, the third-most populous city in Texas and the ninth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on March 30, 1846 and was possibly named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States under U.S. President James K. Polk. Dallas County is included in the eleven-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan statistical area, which is the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

Municipal expansion within Dallas County has blurred the geographic lines between cities and between neighboring counties.
Sodium-vapor lamp
A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm.

Two varieties of such lamps exist: low pressure, and high pressure. Low-pressure sodium lamps are highly efficient electrical light sources, but their yellow-orange light restricts applications to outdoor lighting, such as street lamps, where they are widely used. High-pressure sodium lamps emit a broader spectrum of light than the low-pressure lamps, but they still have poorer color rendering than other types of lamps. Low-pressure sodium lamps give only monochromatic yellow-orange light, inhibiting color vision at night.

Single ended self-starting lamps are insulated with a mica disc and contained in a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube (arc tube) with a metal cap. They include the sodium-vapor lamp that is the gas-discharge lamp used in street lighting.

Mica
Micas (/ˈmaɪkəz/ MY-kəz) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into fragile elastic plates. This characteristic is described as perfect basal cleavage. Mica is common in igneous and metamorphic rock and is occasionally found as small flakes in sedimentary rock. It is particularly prominent in many granites, pegmatites, and schists, and "books" (large individual crystals) of mica several feet across have been found in some pegmatites.

Micas are used in products such as drywalls, paints, and fillers, especially in parts for automobiles, roofing, and in electronics. The mineral is used in cosmetics and food to add "shimmer" or "frost".
The Night Belongs to Us
The Night Belongs to Us (German: Die Nacht gehört uns), released in English as The Night Is Ours or The Night Belongs to Us, is a 1929 German sports romance sound film directed by Carl Froelich and Henry Roussel, and starring Hans Albers, Charlotte Ander, and Otto Wallburg.

Hans Albers
Hans Philipp August Albers (22 September 1891 – 24 July 1960), also known by his nickname “der blonde Hans” (The Blond Hans), was a German actor and singer. He was the biggest male movie star in Germany between 1930 and 1960 and one of the most popular German actors of the twentieth century.
Chandamari Mosque
The Chandamari Mosque, also known by its official name, the Chandamari Mondalpara Jame Mosque (Bengali: চান্দামারী মন্ডলপাড়া জামে মসজিদ), is a mosque, located in the village of Chandamari, in Rajarhat Upazila, in the Kurigram District of Bangladesh.

Kurigram District
Kurigram District (Bengali: কুড়িগ্রাম জেলা) is a district of Bangladesh in Rangpur Division. The district is located in northern Bangladesh along the country's border with India. Under British rule, the area was organized as a mahakuma and was not established as a district until 1984 under Chief Martial Law Administrator, Hussain Muhammad Ershad's decentralization programme.
Hans-Georg Maaßen
Hans-Georg Maaßen (born 24 November 1962) is a German civil servant and lawyer. From 1 August 2012 to 8 November 2018, he served as the President of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Germany's domestic security agency and one of three agencies in the German Intelligence Community. He was removed from his Federal role in 2018 after controversial comments exonerating far right violence, and feeding unpublished intelligence reports to the AfD. He would subsequently claim he was the victim of a far left conspiracy, but admit in 2025 that characterizations of the AfD as a far-right extremist organization were accurate.

In 2021 Maaßen was selected as a candidate of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He is one of the founders and, since January 2023 also president, of the Values Union, a German registered association, converted in 2024 to a political party, that consists mostly of more conservative members of the CDU.

Values Union
The Values Union (German: WerteUnion, WU) is a German political party founded on 17 February 2024 by transforming a seven-year-old registered association with the same name. According to its own information, the Values Union had around 4,000 members in 2022, with about 3,000 also being members of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.
Ontario Highway 4
King's Highway 4, also known as Highway 4, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. Originally much longer than its present 100.8 km (62.6 mi) length, more than half of Highway 4 was transferred to the responsibility of local governments in 1998. It travels between Highway 3 in Talbotville Royal, north-west of St. Thomas, and Highway 8 in Clinton, passing through the city of London inbetween.

Highway 4 was first designated in 1920, when a 51-kilometre (32 mi) route between Talbotville Royal and Elginfield was assumed by the Department of Highways. It was extended in the early 1930s, both south to Port Stanley, as well as north to Flesherton.

St. Thomas, Ontario
St. Thomas is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It gained its city charter on March 4, 1881. The city is also the seat for Elgin County, although it is independent of the county.

At the time of the 2021 Census, the population of the city was 42,918.
Restionales
Restionales is an order of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system (of 1981) it is used for an order (in subclass Commelinidae) and circumscribed as:

order Restionales
family Flagellariaceae
family Joinvilleaceae
family Restionaceae
family Centrolepidaceae

The APG II system (2003) assigns the plants involved to the order Poales.

Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) (see Bibliography).

Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida.
San Francisco Board of Education
The San Francisco Board of Education is the school board for the City and County of San Francisco. It is composed of seven Commissioners, elected by voters across the city to serve 4-year terms. It is subject to local, and state law, and federal laws since the district receives federal funding. The board determines policy for all the K-12 public schools in the San Francisco Unified School District. The composition of the board is determined by the Charter of San Francisco, making the board and the school district one of the only school districts in the state regulated by a city charter, a legacy of when cities were responsible for schooling in California.

Norman Yee
Norman Yee (Chinese: 余鼎昂; pinyin: Yú Dǐng-áng, born July 29, 1949) is a former American elected official and educator in San Francisco, California. He served as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing Supervisorial District 7 from 2012 to 2021 and was elected president of the Board in January 2019.
Mankato MoonDogs
The Mankato MoonDogs are an American amateur baseball team that plays in the Northwoods League, a collegiate summer baseball league. Their home games are played at ISG Field in Mankato, Minnesota. Several former Mankato players have gone on to play in Major League Baseball, including Curtis Granderson, Brandon Crawford, Alex Vesia, and Jacob Wilson.

Jacob Wilson (shortstop)
Jacob Wilson (born March 30, 2002) is an American professional baseball shortstop for the Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB). Wilson played college baseball for the Grand Canyon Antelopes, and was selected sixth overall by the Athletics in the 2023 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut in 2024. Wilson was named to his first All-Star game in 2025.
Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)
The Olympisch Stadion (Dutch pronunciation: [oːˈlɪmpiˌstaːdijɔn]) or Kielstadion (pronounced [ˈkilstaːdijɔn]) was built as the main stadium for the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. For those games, it hosted the athletics, equestrian, field hockey, football, gymnastics, modern pentathlon, rugby union, tug of war, weightlifting and korfball (demonstration) events. Following the Olympics it was converted to a football stadium. Its current tenant is K Beerschot VA, a Belgian football club. There are no remnants of the Olympic athletics track.

It is possible that Archibald Leitch was involved in the design of the stadium having made several visits prior to the Games.

Gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics
The competition of gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics was held from Monday 23 to Friday 27 August 1920 at the Beerschot Stadium in Antwerp. Four events were contested and only men were allowed to compete.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver Stadium
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver Stadium (formerly Special Olympics Stadium) is a stadium in Brockport, New York.  Located on the campus of State University of New York College at Brockport it is primarily used by the Brockport Golden Eagles. The stadium holds 11,000 people and was built in 1979. It was originally built for the 1979 Special Olympics World Summer Games that were held in Brockport. Brockport's American football, field hockey, men's and women's soccer, lacrosse and outdoor track and field teams host their home games at Eunice Kennedy Shriver Stadium. The Rochester River Dogz FC soccer club played here in 2016.

Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Eunice Mary Kennedy Shriver DSG (née Kennedy; July 10, 1921 – August 11, 2009) was an American philanthropist. Shriver was a member of the Kennedy family by birth, and a member of the Shriver family through her marriage to Sargent Shriver, who was the United States ambassador to France and the final Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1972. She was a sister of U.S. president John F. Kennedy, U.S. senators Robert F. Kennedy and Edward Kennedy, and U.S. Ambassador to Ireland Jean Kennedy Smith.

Shriver nationalized the Special Olympics, a sports organization conceived for persons with intellectual disabilities. For her efforts on behalf of disabled people, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1984.
Glendale Springs, North Carolina
Glendale Springs is an unincorporated community in Ashe County, North Carolina, United States. Glendale Springs is located on North Carolina Highway 16, 7.3 miles (11.7 km) southeast of Jefferson. Glendale Springs has a post office with ZIP code 28629.

The Glendale Springs Inn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

North Carolina Highway 16
North Carolina Highway 16 (NC 16) is a 143.8-mile (231.4 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling in a north–south direction, it connects the cities and towns of Charlotte, Newton, Conover, Taylorsville, Wilkesboro and Jefferson, linking the Charlotte metropolitan area with the mountainous High Country.  NC 16 is part of a three-state route 16 that connects the Charlotte region with northwestern West Virginia.
MTV Europe Music Award for Best Male
The MTV Europe Music Award for Best Male was one of the original general awards that has been handed out every year since the inaugural MTV Europe Music Awards in 1994. In 2007 the award was renamed to Best Solo Artist rewarding the soloists of both sexes, in 2008 the award for Best Male was again eliminated from the EMAs, but it was revived again in 2009 with its original name.

MTV Video Music Award for Best Male Video
The MTV Video Music Award for Best Male Video was one of four original general awards that have been handed out every year since the first MTV Video Music Awards in 1984. In 2007, though, the award was briefly renamed Male Artist of the Year, and it awarded the artist's whole body of work for that year rather than a specific video. However, the award returned to its original name the following year. It was replaced by the Artist of the Year category in 2017, combining Best Male and Best Female video categories.

With three victories, Eminem is the artist with most wins in this category, and also has the most nominations with nine. Meanwhile, Tom Petty, Beck, Will Smith, Justin Timberlake and Chris Brown, all have won this twice, with the first three being the only artists to win the award for two consecutive years.
Russo-Kazan Wars
The Russo-Kazan Wars were a series of short, intermittent wars fought between the Grand Principality of Moscow and the Khanate of Kazan between 1437 and 1556. Most of these were wars of succession in Kazan, in which Muscovy intervened on behalf of the dynastic interests of its main ally, the Crimean Khanate. For most of the period, neither side sought to conquer the other, until Ivan the Terrible decided to annex Kazan upon the successful 1552 siege, which was followed by a rebellion lasting until 1556.

Qasim Khan
Qasím Khan (Volga Türki and Persian: قاسم خان; also known as Qasim of Kasimov; died 1469) was the first khan of the Tatar Qasim Khanate, from 1452 until his death in 1469. He was the son of the Kazan khan Oluğ Möxämmäd.
Government Buildings
Government Buildings (Irish: Tithe an Rialtais) is a large Edwardian building enclosing a quadrangle on Merrion Street in Dublin, Ireland, in which several key offices of the Government of Ireland are located. Among the offices of State located in the building are:

Department of the Taoiseach

Council Chamber (cabinet room)

Office of the Attorney General

Department of Finance

Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation

Merrion Street
Merrion Street (/ˈmɛriːən/; Irish: Sráid Mhuirfean) is a major Georgian street on the southside of Dublin, Ireland, which runs along one side of Merrion Square. It is divided into Merrion Street Lower (north end), Merrion Square West and Merrion Street Upper (south end). It holds one entrance to the seat of the Irish Parliament, the Oireachtas, major government offices and two major cultural institutions.
Tasmanian Seafarers' Memorial
The Tasmanian Seafarers' Memorial is a public memorial structure located at Triabunna, Tasmania which jointly commemorates all Tasmanians who died at sea, along with the lives of all seafarers of any origin who lost their lives in Tasmanian waters. The memorial comprises individual commemorative plaques for each maritime tragedy involving recreational, commercial, mercantile or naval vessels and personnel lost since 1803. As of February 2017, the memorial contained plaques for 116 events involving the loss of over 1450 lives.

The Seafarers' Memorial at Triabunna is an acknowledged Australian maritime memorial site, and has become a popular visiting and reflection place for many tourists travelling on Tasmania's eastern coast.

Cataraqui (ship)
Cataraqui (also called Cataraque) was a British barque which sank off the south-west coast of King Island in Bass Strait on 4 August 1845. The sinking was Australia's worst–ever maritime civil disaster incident, claiming the lives of 400 people.