hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Titanic Collapsible Boat B
Collapsible Boat B was a lifeboat from the Titanic. It was one of the last boats launched to sea, over two and a half hours after the Titanic collided with an iceberg and began sinking on 14 April 1912. Collapsible B could not be successfully launched, and it was washed off deck and upside down when the Titanic made her final plunge at 2:20 a.m. It carried mostly men, including Second Officer Charles Lightoller, who took command of the boat until being picked up by others who came to their rescue.

Edward Smith (sea captain)
Captain Edward John Smith RD RNR (27 January 1850 – 15 April 1912) was a British sea captain and naval officer, who became best known as the captain of the ocean liner RMS Titanic. Born in 1850 in Hanley, Staffordshire, he joined the White Star Line in 1880 as an officer, beginning a long career in the British Merchant Navy. Smith went on to serve as the master of numerous White Star Line vessels and was chosen to captain many of them on their maiden voyages. During the Second Boer War, he served in the Royal Naval Reserve, transporting British Imperial troops to the Cape Colony. In 1912, Smith became captain of the Titanic, and perished along with 1,495 others when the ship sank on her maiden voyage.
Itaparica Island
Itaparica is an island located at the entrance of Todos os Santos Bay on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the state of Bahia, Brazil. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the city of Salvador, Bahia and covers 146 square kilometres (56 sq mi). There are two municipalities on the island: Vera Cruz (87% of the land area) and Itaparica (13%). Itaparica has 40 kilometres (25 mi) of beaches and exuberant tropical vegetation.

Itaparica, Bahia
Itaparica is a municipality located in the Brazilian island of the same name in the state of Bahia. The municipality covers 13% of the island; the remainder belongs to the municipality of Vera Cruz. The municipality of Itaparica has a population of is 22,337 (2020 estimate) and covers an area of 115.922 square kilometres (44.758 sq mi).
Minuscule 126
Minuscule 126 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 185 (Von Soden numbering). It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has complex contents with full marginalia.

Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.
Ludvika Municipality
Ludvika Municipality (Swedish: Ludvika kommun) is a municipality in Dalarna County, central Sweden. It has its seat in the town of Ludvika.

In 1971 the City of Ludvika (itself instituted as such in 1919) was amalgamated with the adjacent municipalities of Grangärde and Säfsnäs, forming the present entity.

Dalarna County
Dalarna County (Swedish: Dalarnas län) is a county or län in central Sweden (Svealand). It borders on the counties of Uppsala, Jämtland, Gävleborg, Västmanland, Örebro and Värmland. It also borders on the Norwegian counties of Hedmark and Trøndelag to the west. It was formerly known as Kopparberg County (Swedish: Kopparbergs län) until the name was changed to that of the provincial region on 1 January 1997. The province of Dalarna is slightly larger than the county, as the westernmost part of Ljusdal Municipality belongs to it. Prince Gabriel, the son of Prince Carl Philip, is Duke of Dalarna.

The term Dalarna County is mainly used for administrative purposes; it is further divided into municipalities (kommuner). Dalarna County encompasses nearly all of the cultural and historical province of Dalarna (literally, "the valleys"). For the most part sparsely populated and with extensive tracts of wilderness, Dalarna County is almost as large as Belgium in terms of land area.
Lapau
The Lapau, also known as the Royal Ceremonial Hall, is a ceremonial hall in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. It is where the royal ceremonies, state investiture and some state events are traditionally held. It was the place where the present Sultan of Brunei, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, was crowned in 1968.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Brunei
The orders, decorations, and medals of Brunei consist of Bintang-Bintang Kebesaran (translatable as 'state decorations') and Pingat-Pingat Kehormatan (literally 'medals of honour'). Both are awarded by the Sultan of Brunei on the basis of merit, especially on the contributions to the country. The investiture of some of the state decorations also include the conferment of titles, whereby they become part of the awardees' personal names in official correspondence or when mentioned in formal media in the country. The decorations and medals are under the responsibility of Jabatan Adat Istiadat Negara, a government department under the Prime Minister's Office, which also oversees Bruneian royal traditions and protocol.

The insignia are displayed in the Royal Regalia Museum located in the capital.
Blue Star (song)
"Blue Star" is a popular song.

The theme music of the television series, Medic, was written by Victor Young and copyright on February 17, 1955 under the title "The Medic Theme." A set of lyrics was written by Edward Heyman (who had a history of collaborating with Young) and with those lyrics and under the new title "Blue Star," a new copyright was issued on May 5, 1955.

Victor Young
Albert Victor Young (August 8, 1899– November 10, 1956)  was an American composer, arranger, violinist and conductor. Young was posthumously awarded the Academy Award for Best Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture for Around the World in 80 Days at the 29th Academy Awards in 1957.
A. J. Foyt Racing
A. J. Foyt Racing, officially and historically known as A. J. Foyt Enterprises, is an American racing team in the IndyCar Series and formerly NASCAR. It is owned by four-time Indianapolis 500 winner, 1972 Daytona 500 winner, 1967 24 Hours of Le Mans winner, and two-time 24 Hours of Daytona winner A. J. Foyt. Foyt won two of his four Indianapolis 500s driving for the team. The team also won the 1999 Indianapolis 500 and the IRL championship in 1996 and 1998.

Ron Hutcherson
Ronald Hutcherson (April 4, 1943 – August 25, 2022) was an American NASCAR Winston Cup Series and ARCA driver whose career spanned from 1972 to 1979. He was the brother of NASCAR race winner and IMCA champion Dick Hutcherson. Engine builder Parker Nall built most of the engines that Hutcherson would use to win his races.
Renault Sport Trophy
The Renault Sport Trophy was a one-make racing series created and managed by Renault Sport. The series has raced with the Renault Sport R.S. 01 in 2015 and 2016 as part of the Renault Sport Series (formerly World Series by Renault), but was folded after just two seasons.

Renault Sport Series
The Renault Sport Series (formerly known as World Series by Renault) was a motor racing series. The series latterly consisted of the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0, and used to contain the Renault Sport Trophy and the Formula Renault 3.5 Series. The F4 Eurocup 1.6 was made part of the World Series in 2010, but was then folded for 2011. The flagship for the Renault Sport Series from its beginning to 2015 was the Formula Renault 3.5 Series (often referred to as simply World Series by Renault or simply WSR). It became the Formula V8 3.5 in 2016, when Renault Sport retired its backing. In 2020 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 folded into the Formula Regional European Championship.
Teepe Pillar
Teepe Pillar (12,271 feet (3,740 m)) is located in the Teton Range, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, immediately south of Grand Teton. The peak is the seventh highest in the Teton Range.  Teepe Pillar is separated from Grand Teton by a col which drops sharply to the east and west. Northeast of and well below the summit, the Teepe Glacier is situated in a cirque. From Jackson Hole, Teepe Pillar is difficult to observe except from the northeast as it is hidden from view by Disappointment Peak.

Best access to the summit is by way of Garnet Canyon to the Lower Saddle, a broad plateau which divides Grand Teton from Middle Teton. The summit is easiest to reach when approached from the west; however, true to its name, the pillar is a steep technical climb from every direction, involving up to 5 pitches at Class 5.4 to reach the summit.

Teepe Glacier
Teepe Glacier is below the northeast face of Teepe Pillar in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, United States. The glacier is immediately southeast of Grand Teton in the heart of the Cathedral Group collection of high peaks in the Teton Range. Between 1967 and 2006, Teepe Glacier lost approximately 60 percent of its surface area, shrinking from 13 to 5 acres (5.3 to 2.0 ha).
Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment
Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment (PADME) is a low-cost NASA Mars orbiter mission concept that would address longstanding unknowns about Mars' two moons Phobos and Deimos and their environment.

The PADME mission competed for Discovery Program funding, but lost to the Psyche and Lucy missions. The Principal Investigator is Anthony Colaprete. Other principals include Pascal Lee (Deputy Principal Investigator) and Butler Hine (Project Manager).

Deimos (moon)
Deimos (/ˈdaɪməs/) is the smaller and outer of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Phobos. Deimos has a mean radius of 6.2 km (3.9 mi) and takes 30.3 hours to orbit Mars. Deimos is 23,460 km (14,580 mi) from Mars, much farther than Mars's other moon, Phobos. It is named after Deimos, the Ancient Greek god and personification of dread and terror.
Lanchyn
Lanchyn (Ukrainian: Ланчин; Polish: Łanczyn; Hebrew: לאנצ'ין; Romanian: Lanciîn) is a rural settlement in Nadvirna Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Lanchyn settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population was 7,846 (2022 estimate).

Lanchyn settlement hromada
Lanchyn settlement territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Ланчинська селищна територіальна громада, romanized: Lanchynska selyshchna terytorialna hromada) is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, in Nadvirna Raion within Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Its administrative centre is the urban-type settlement of Lanchyn.

The hromada has a total area of 84.5 km2 (32.6 sq mi), as well as a population of 11,920 (as of 2023).

Prior to its current form, Lanchyn settlement hromada was established as an amalgamated hromada on 29 October 2017. It was expanded to its current form as part of decentralisation in Ukraine.
Pourquoi Pas Point
Pourquoi Pas (66°12′S 136°11′E﻿ / ﻿66.200°S 136.183°E﻿ / -66.200; 136.183) is an ice-covered point which forms the west side of the entrance to Victor Bay in East Antarctica. It was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1950–1952, and named in 1954 after the French polar ship Pourquoi-Pas.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Pourquoi Pas Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Pourquoi-Pas (1908)
Pourquoi-Pas (from French pourquoi pas? 'why not?', pronounced [puʁ.kwa pa]) was the fourth ship built for Jean-Baptiste Charcot, which completed the second Charcot expedition of the Antarctic regions from 1908 to 1910. Charcot died aboard when the ship was wrecked on 16 September 1936 off the coast of Iceland. Of the forty men on board, only one survived.
Edward Hartt
Edward Hartt (1825-1883) was a United States Navy constructor who oversaw or participated in the construction of many prominent ironclad and tinclad naval ships used during the American Civil War.

Hart was born in 1825 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to ship builder Samuel Hartt. Hart was also a grandson of Edmund Hartt, builder of the USS Constitution. Edward Hartt became a shipbuilder himself and participated in the construction of the ironclad USS Monitor (1862) and various gunboats for Commander Joseph B. Hull in St. Louis, Missouri, during the Civil War. Hartt oversaw the construction of the tinclads USS St. Clair and Brilliant, the ironclads USS Choctaw and Lafayette, and the monitors USS Neosho and Osage. He also converted various other vessels to be tinclad as well. The Navy eventually transferred Hartt with Hull to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard where Hartt was a full navy constructor, and then in 1879 Hartt went to New London naval station. He died in 1883.

USS Choctaw (1856)
USS Choctaw was a large (1,004-ton) steamer built for the merchant service and acquired by the Union Navy during the second year of the American Civil War.

Choctaw, with her crew of 106, was outfitted by the Navy as a ram with heavy rifled guns and was used both as a gunboat and as a ram on the rivers of the Confederate States of America.
I Want a Dog (film)
I Want a Dog is a 2003 animated short film, based on 1987 children's book of the same title by Dayal Kaur Khalsa. it is directed by Sheldon Cohen, is produced by Marcy Page and David Verrall. It was starring Marnie McPhail.It tells the story of a girl named May who wants more than anything to have a dog. She tries various strategies to get her parents to allow her one, at last settles for having a rollerskate which she treats like a dog, and in the end wins her desire.

The film has garnered 10 international awards, including First Prize from the Chicago International Children's Film Festival.
and the Zagreb World Festival of Animated Films.

I Want a Dog
I Want a Dog is a children's book written and illustrated by Dayal Kaur Khalsa, originally published by Tundra Books and Clarkson N. Potter in 1987. The cover painting of the original book, which was also featured in the film version, is based on Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat. The book's main character was named after May Cutler, founder of its Canadian publisher, Tundra.
Roy Johnson (boxer)
Roy Johnson (2 July 1948 – 13 February 2024) was a Bermudian boxer. He competed in the men's light welterweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Johnson died in Bermuda in February 2024, at the age of 75.

Boxing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Light welterweight
The men's light welterweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1972 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 63.5 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 30 August to 10 September 1972. 32 boxers from 32 nations competed.
Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys" is a country music song first recorded by Ed Bruce, written by him and his wife Patsy Bruce. His version of the song appears on his 1976 self-titled album for United Artists Records. In late 1975 and early 1976, Bruce's rendition of the song went to number 15 on the Hot Country Singles charts. This song was featured on Chris LeDoux's album released January 20, 1976, Songbook of the American West.

Members of the Western Writers of America chose the song as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

Patsy Bruce
Patsy Ann Bruce (née Smithson; March 8, 1940 – May 16, 2021) was an American country-western songwriter, music artist manager, and casting agent and businesswoman. She is best known for songs co-written with her then-husband, singer Ed Bruce, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, including the country-western standard "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys", which was recorded by Waylon Jennings with Willie Nelson and went to No. 1 on the country chart in 1978.
Burgas
Burgas (Bulgarian: Бургас, pronounced [burˈɡas] ⓘ), sometimes transliterated as Bourgas, is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the fourth-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, with a population of 210,396 inhabitants, while 226,092 live in its urban area. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre.

The city is surrounded by the Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, at the large Burgas Bay. LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas is the largest oil refinery in southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise. The Port of Burgas is the second largest port in Bulgaria, and Burgas Airport is the second most important in the country. Burgas is the centre of the Bulgarian fishing and fish processing industry.

Beglik Tash
Beglik Tash (Bulgarian: Беглик Таш, Turkish: Beylik Taşı) is a prehistoric rock sanctuary situated on the southern Black Sea coast of Bulgaria, a few kilometers north of the city of Primorsko. It was re-used by the Thracian tribes in the Iron Age.

At the end of the 19th century, the Czech-Bulgarian historian and archaeologist Karel Škorpil produced the first scientific account of the sanctuary, which was then known as Apostol Tash. In 2002, Bulgarian archaeologists started excavations under the supervision of Tsonia Drazheva.
Dance of the Wicked
Dance of the Wicked is heavy metal band Sister Sin's first studio album, released 2003. Recorded and produced in 2003 by Jan Jan at Triton Studios Gothenburg. Released and Distributed by Sleaszy Rider Records & EMI Greece Distribution.

Sister Sin
Sister Sin is a Swedish heavy metal band from Gothenburg. The band released four full-length albums, with the most recent, Black Lotus, released in 2014. Sister Sin toured in Europe and North America with bands such as Slayer, King Diamond, Lordi and In This Moment before splitting in November 2015. The band reunited in December 2019.
Spadafora
Spadafora (Sicilian: Spatafora) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 180 km (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 15 km (9 mi) northwest of Messina.

Spadafora borders the following municipalities: Roccavaldina, Rometta, Venetico.

Metropolitan City of Messina
The Metropolitan City of Messina (Italian: città metropolitana di Messina) is a metropolitan city in Sicily, Italy. Its capital is the city of Messina. It replaced the province of Messina and comprises Messina and 107 other comuni (sg.: comune).

It has 595,948 inhabitants as of 2025. According to Eurostat in 2014, the FUA of the metropolitan area of Messina had 277,584 inhabitants. The nearby archipelago of Aeolian Islands is also administratively a part of the Metropolitan City of Messina.
Groutite
Groutite is a manganese oxide mineral with formula Mn3+O(OH). It is a member of the diaspore group and is trimorphous with manganite and feitknechtite. It forms lustrous black crystals in the orthorhombic system.

It occurs in weathered banded iron formations, metamorphosed manganese ore bodies and hydrothermal ore environments.
It was first described in 1945 for an occurrence in the Mahnomen mine, Cuyuna Range, Crow Wing County, Minnesota and named for petrologist Frank Fitch Grout (1880–1958), of the University of Minnesota.

Oxide mineral
The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. Minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.
USRC Gresham
USRC Gresham was a cruising cutter and auxiliary gunboat built for the United States Revenue Cutter Service to patrol the Great Lakes. She was one of a series of cutters named for former U.S. Secretaries of the Treasury. Her namesake Walter Q. Gresham served as the 35th Secretary of the Treasury in 1884 and died in 1895 while serving as the 33rd U.S. Secretary of State. She became part of the newly created United States Coast Guard in 1915, and also served as a coastal convoy escort and patrol boat under United States Navy control during both World War I and World War II. After being decommissioned by the Coast Guard in 1944, she eventually came under Israeli control in 1947. She carried Jewish refugees from Italy to Palestine and later served in the fledgling Israeli Navy until 1951.

Walter Q. Gresham
Walter Quintin Gresham (March 17, 1832 – May 28, 1895) was an American attorney, jurist, statesman, and politician who served in the cabinets of presidents Chester A. Arthur and Grover Cleveland.

Gresham was the 31st postmaster general of the United States under Arthur from 1883 to 1884 and briefly the 35th U.S. secretary of the treasury from September to October 1884 before resigning to become a federal judge. He was twice a candidate for the Republican nomination for U.S. president in 1884 and 1888 before leaving the party to support Cleveland in the 1892 election. He joined Cleveland's second cabinet as the 33rd U.S. secretary of state from 1893 until his death in 1895.

Gresham served as a federal judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, the U.S. Circuit Courts for the Seventh Circuit, and the U.S. District Court for the District of Indiana.
Dalmatian Hinterland
The Dalmatian Hinterland (Croatian: Dalmatinsko zaobalje or Dalmatinsko zaleđe) is the inland hinterland in the historical region of Dalmatia, in southern Croatia.

In Croatia, the region began to be called "Dalmatinska zagora" only in the last century, although it has always been a number of separate historical regions (krajina), one of which was Zagora in the hinterland of Šibenik and Trogir. The name zagora means 'beyond (the) hills', which is a reference to the fact that it is the part of Dalmatia that is not coastal and the existence of the concordant coastline where hills run parallel to the coast.

Krajina
Krajina (Serbo-Croatian: [krâjina]) is a Slavic toponym, meaning 'country' or 'march'. The term is related to kraj or krai, originally meanings land, country or edge and today denoting a region or province, usually remote from urban centers.
Zero dynamics
In mathematics and control theory, zero dynamics describes the internal behavior of a dynamic system when its outputs are constrained to zero through control inputs (e.g., maintaining a robot arm at a fixed position while internal states continue to evolve). Even when outputs are held at zero, the system's internal dynamics may persist, influencing stability and performance.

Understanding zero dynamics helps design robust controllers in applications like robotics, feedback linearization, and control engineering.

Feedback linearization
Feedback linearization is a common strategy employed in nonlinear control to control nonlinear systems. Feedback linearization techniques may be applied to nonlinear control systems of the form

where  is the state,  are the inputs. The approach involves transforming a nonlinear control system into an equivalent linear control system through a change of variables and a suitable control input. In particular, one seeks a change of coordinates  and control input  so that the dynamics of  in the coordinates   take the form of a linear, controllable control system,

An outer-loop control strategy for the resulting linear control system can then be applied to achieve the control objective.