hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colin MacDonald (writer)
Colin MacDonald was born in 1956 in Inverness, Scotland. He is a prolific writer for television and radio.  Television credits include The Dunroamin' Rising (BBC1), The Gift (BBC1), The Wreck on the Highway (BBC1), Sharpe's Honour (ITV) and episodes in the series Blue Murder (ITV), Heartbeat (ITV), Casualty (BBC1), and Para Handy (BBC1).  Radio credits include Killing the Butterfly (BBC Radio 4), Hill of Rains (BBC Radio 4), The Colour of Summer (BBC Radio 4), King of Hearts (BBC Radio Scotland), The Stanley Baxter Playhouse: The Hat (BBC Radio 4) and Calum's Road (BBC Radio 4). In 2021, BBC Radio 4 aired a full-cast adaptation of C. J. Sansom's mystery novel Lamentation, dramatised by MacDonald, with Justin Salinger starring as Shardlake.

Lamentation (novel)
Lamentation is a historical mystery novel by British author C. J. Sansom. It is his eighth novel and the sixth entry in the Matthew Shardlake Series, following 2010's Heartstone. Set in the summer of 1546, King Henry VIII is dying while the Catholic and Protestant factions of his court are battling for power over his successor, Prince Edward. Matthew Shardlake is deep in work and still feeling the shock of the events of the previous year when Queen Catherine Parr, caught in the throes of the power struggle, again seeks his aid when a potentially controversial manuscript, Lamentation of a Sinner, is stolen from her chambers.

In 2021, BBC Radio 4 aired a full-cast adaptation of the novel, dramatised by Colin MacDonald, with Justin Salinger starring as Shardlake.
Rules of origin
Rules of origin are the rules to attribute a country of origin to a product in order to determine its "economic nationality". The need to establish rules of origin stems from the fact that  the implementation of trade policy measures, such as tariffs, quotas, trade remedies, in various cases, depends on the country of origin of the product at hand. More stringent rules of origin requirements are associated with less trade.

Rules of origin have become a challenging topic in international trade, not only because they constitute a highly technical area of rule-making, but also because their designation and application have not been harmonized across the world. The lack of harmony is even more remarkable in the era of regionalism, when more and more free trade agreements (FTAs) are concluded, creating the spaghetti bowl effect.

Certificate of origin
A Certificate of Origin or Declaration of Origin (often abbreviated to C/O, CO or DOO) is a document widely used in international trade transactions which attests that the product listed therein has met certain criteria to be considered as originating in a particular country. A certificate of origin / declaration of origin is generally prepared and completed by the exporter or the manufacturer, and may be subject to official certification by an authorized third party. It is often submitted to a customs authority of the importing country to justify the product's eligibility for entry and/or its entitlement to preferential treatment. Guidelines for issuance of Certificates of Origin by chambers of commerce globally are issued by the International Chamber of Commerce.
Philip Coppens (chemist)
Philip Coppens (October 24, 1930 – June 21, 2017) was a Dutch-born American chemist and crystallographer known for his work on charge density analysis using X-rays crystallography and the pioneering work in the field of photocrystallography.

Multipole density formalism
The Multipole Density Formalism (also referred to as Hansen-Coppens Formalism) is an X-ray crystallography method of electron density modelling proposed by Niels K. Hansen and Philip Coppens in 1978. Unlike the commonly used Independent Atom Model, the Hansen-Coppens Formalism presents an aspherical approach, allowing one to model the electron distribution around a nucleus separately in different directions and therefore describe numerous chemical features of a molecule inside the unit cell of an examined crystal in detail.
Great Book of Interpretation of Dreams
The Great Book of Interpretation of Dreams (Arabic: تفسير الأحلام الكبير‎, Tafsir al-Ahlam al-Kabir) attributed to the 7th century Muslim scholar Ibn Sirin which was originally compiled in the 15th century by al-Dārī under the title Selection of Statements on the Exegesis of Dreams.

The typology of categorization of dreams in Arabic literature of dream interpretation is noted for its close adherence to
orthodox theological categories, and assumes an intimate relationship between dreaming and conventional expressions of devotional religious piety. Traditional Arabic books of dream-interpretation were composed by theologians.

Ibn Sirin
Muhammad Ibn Sirin (Arabic: محمد بن سيرين,  romanized: Muḥammad Ibn Sirīn) (born in Basra) was a Muslim tabi' as he was a contemporary of Anas ibn Malik. He is claimed by some to have been an interpreter of dreams, though others regard the books to have been falsely attributed to him. Once regarded as the same person as Achmet son of Seirim, this is no longer believed to be true, as shown by Maria Mavroudi.
When I'm Away from You
"When I'm Away from You" is a song written and originally recorded by Frankie Miller in 1979.  It was also recorded by Kim Carnes and included on her 1981 album Mistaken Identity.  The best-known version of the song was recorded by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers.  It was released in January 1983 as the second single from the album  Strong Weakness.  The song was The Bellamy Brothers' seventh number one on the country chart.  The single stayed at number one for one week and spent twelve weeks on the country chart.

Strong Weakness (album)
Strong Weakness is the eighth studio album by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers. It was released in 1982 via Elektra and Curb Records. The album includes the singles "Redneck Girl", "When I'm Away from You", "I Love Her Mind" and "Strong Weakness".
Guillermo Cifré
Guillermo Cifré Figuerola (1921–1962), known by his first name, Cifré, was a Spanish cartoonist, illustrator and animator, creator of some of the most representative characters of the "Bruguera school", such as El repórter Tribulete (about an incompetent journalist and his tyrannical boss) and Don Furcio Buscabollos, about an unlucky knight and his talking mare in a pseudo-medieval world. Some of his characters were the old bachelor type such as Cucufato Pi or Golondrino Pérez.

As a result, he is considered one of the "Big Five" of that editorial of the 1950s, along with Conti, Escobar, Giner (this, in realistic style) and Peñarroya. He was the father of cartoonist Guillem Cifré.

Spanish comics
Spanish comics are the comics of Spain. Comics in Spain are usually called historietas or cómics, with tebeos primarily denoting the magazines containing the medium. Tebeo is a phonetic adaptation of TBO, a long-running (1917–1983) Spanish comic magazine, and sounds like "te veo" ("I see you").

Two publishing houses —  Editorial Bruguera and Editorial Valenciana — dominated the Spanish comics market for most of its history.

Spanish artists have traditionally worked in other markets reaching great success, either in the American (e.g., Eisner Award winners Sergio Aragonés, Salvador Larroca, Gabriel Hernández Walta, Marcos Martín or David Aja), the British (e.g., Carlos Ezquerra, co-creator of Judge Dredd) or the Franco-Belgian one (e.g., first Fauve d'Or winner Julio Ribera or Blacksad authors Juan Díaz Canales and Juanjo Guarnido).

The Spanish market is also known for its many studios, which for a long time have had material produced mainly for other European countries.
The Opoponax
The Opoponax (French: L'Opoponax) is a 1964 novel by French writer Monique Wittig. It was translated into English in 1966 by Helen Weaver, and published in the US by Simon & Schuster. The title comes from opoponax, also known as bisabol.

Helen Weaver
Helen Weaver (June 18, 1931 – April 13, 2021) was an American writer and translator. She translated over fifty books from French. Antonin Artaud: Selected Writings was a Finalist for the National Book Award in translation in 1977.

Weaver was the general editor, a contributor and a translator for the Larousse Encyclopedia of Astrology (1980). In 2001 she published The Daisy Sutra, a book on animal communication. In 2009 Weaver published The Awakener: A Memoir of Kerouac and the Fifties. Jack Kerouac (1922–1969) was a prominent writer and poet of the Beat Generation.  In her review in The New York Times, Tara McKelvey wrote "Kerouac’s soul lives on through many people — Joyce Johnson, for one — but few have been as adept as Weaver at capturing both him and the New York bohemia of the time. He was lucky to have met her."
Snapped
Snapped is an American true crime television series  produced by Jupiter Entertainment which depicts high profile or bizarre cases of women accused of murder. Each episode outlines the motivation for murder, whether it be revenge against a cheating husband or lover, a large insurance payoff, or the ending to years of abuse, with each murder's circumstances as unique as the women profiled.

Since its premiere on August 6, 2004 on Oxygen, Snapped has become the network's longest-running original series, with its 33 defined seasons and nineteen years in production (and two spin-offs)  and outlasting the thirteen years and seventeen seasons of the Bad Girls Club. The show also played a large role in the decision by parent company NBCUniversal to relaunch Oxygen as a crime network in mid-2017. As of October 14, 2025, 685 original episodes of Snapped have aired.

Jupiter Entertainment
Jupiter Entertainment (also known as Jupiter) is an American television production company founded by Stephen Land in 1996.

The company has offices in New York, Los Angeles, and Knoxville, Tennessee.

In March 2015, Sky plc acquired 60% of Jupiter.
REFORMA
REFORMA: The National Association to Promote Library & Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish Speaking, more commonly known as REFORMA, is an affiliate of the American Library Association formed in 1971 to promote library services to Latinos and the Spanish-speaking. It is registered in Washington, D.C. as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.

Pat Mora
Pat Mora (born January 19, 1942) is an American poet and author of books for adults, teens and children. A native of El Paso, Texas, her grandparents came to the city from northern Mexico. She graduated from the University of Texas at El Paso, received Honorary Doctorates from North Carolina State University and SUNY Buffalo, and was awarded American Library Association Honorary Membership. A literacy advocate, in 1996, she founded Children's Day, Book Day (Spanish: El día de los niños, El día de los libros), now celebrated across the country each year on April 30.
Gloria Foster
Gloria Foster (November 15, 1933 – September 29, 2001) was an American actress. She had acclaimed roles in plays such as In White America and Having Our Say, winning three Obie Awards during her career. Foster played the Oracle in The Matrix (1999) and its first sequel, The Matrix Reloaded (2003). She played the role of the mother of Yusef Bell in the miniseries The Atlanta Child Murders which aired in 1985.

Nothing but a Man
Nothing but a Man is a 1964 American independent drama film starring Ivan Dixon and Abbey Lincoln, and directed by Michael Roemer, who also co-wrote the film with Robert M. Young. The film tells the story of Duff Anderson, an African-American railroad worker in the early 1960s who tries to maintain his dignity in a small racist town near Birmingham, Alabama, after he marries the local preacher's daughter. In addition to dealing with oppression and discrimination, Anderson must also come to terms with his troubled relationship with his own father, a drunk who abandoned and rejected him.

Although it was not widely seen upon release due to difficulties in finding distribution, the film is now generally considered to be an important example of neorealistic American cinema. In 1993, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Duchy of Belz
Duchy of Belz or Principality of Belz was a duchy, formed in the late 12th century in Kievan Rus. During its history, the duchy was a constituent part of some other political entities, such as the Kingdom of Rus, the Kingdom of Hungary, and the Duchy of Masovia. Eventually, in the late 14th century, it was incorporated into Poland, becoming later the Bełz Voivodeship.

Yuri II Boleslav
Yuri II Boleslav (Ukrainian: Юрій-Болеслав Тройденович, romanized: Yurii-Boleslav Troidenovych; Polish: Bolesław Jerzy II; Latin: Georgius; c. 1305/1310 – April 7, 1340), was a prince and Dominus of Ruthenia (Latin: natus dux et dominus Russiae) in 1325–1340. He was the son of Trojden I, Duke of Masovia, a member of the Piast dynasty and the grandson of Yuri I of Galicia. His murder prompted a war of succession, known as the Galicia–Volhynia Wars.
Baudolino
Baudolino is a novel by Umberto Eco about the adventures of a man named Baudolino in the known and mythical Christian world of the 12th century.

Baudolino was translated into English in 2001 by William Weaver. The novel presented a number of particular difficulties in translation, not the least of which is that there are ten or so pages written in a made-up language that is a mixture of Latin, medieval Italian and other languages (intended to reconstruct how a barely-literate Italian peasant boy of the 12th century would have tried to write in the vernacular).

Saint Baudolino, a historically-attested hermit of the eighth century, is the Patron Saint of Alessandria, and thus it would be natural for a boy born there to bear his name.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Andover Estate
The Andover Estate, in Holloway, North London, is a large Islington London Borough Council housing estate which is flanked by Hornsey Road (west), Seven Sisters Road (south), Durham Road (east) and Birnam Road (north). It falls into the N7 postcode district of London.

Holloway, London
Holloway is an area of North London in the borough of Islington, 3.3 miles (5.3 km) north of Charing Cross, which follows the line of the Holloway Road (A1). At the centre of Holloway is the Nag's Head commercial area which sits between the more residential Upper Holloway and Lower Holloway neighbourhoods. Holloway has a multicultural population and includes the Emirates Stadium, home of Arsenal F.C. Until 2016, it was the site of Holloway Prison, the largest women's prison in Europe. Before 1965, it was in the historic county of Middlesex.
2010 Critérium du Dauphiné
The 2010 Critérium du Dauphiné was the 62nd edition of the Critérium du Dauphiné (formerly Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré) stage race, and the first since it was renamed. It took place from 6–13 June, and was part of both the 2010 UCI ProTour and World Calendar. It began in Evian-les-Bains with an individual time trial, and ended in Sallanches.

The race was won by Slovenia's Janez Brajkovič, riding for Team RadioShack. Second in the general classification was Alberto Contador of Astana, while Tejay van Garderen finished third for Team HTC–Columbia. Contador won the points classification on a tie-break with Brajkovič, Euskaltel–Euskadi's Egoi Martínez won the mountains classification and Euskaltel-Euskadi also won the teams classification.

Janez Brajkovič
Janez "Jani" Brajkovič (born 18 December 1983) is a racing cyclist from Metlika, Slovenia, who most recently rode for UCI Continental team Adria Mobil. He was the world under-23 Time Trial champion in 2004.

In 2018, while riding for the Adria Mobil team, Brajkovič was suspended after a positive anti-doping test. He was banned for just over a year, and once his suspension was complete, he rejoined the Adria Mobil team.
Piracy (comics)
Piracy is an EC Comics title published in the mid 1950s. The bi-monthly comic book, published by Bill Gaines and edited by Al Feldstein, began with an issue cover-dated October–November 1954. It ran for seven issues, ending with the October–November 1955 issue.

Front covers were by Wally Wood, Reed Crandall, Bernard Krigstein and George Evans. The stories of adventure on the high seas were illustrated by Wood, Crandall, Krigstein, Jack Davis, Al Williamson, Graham Ingels and Angelo Torres.

Piracy was reprinted (in black and white) as part of publisher Russ Cochran's The Complete EC Library.  Between March and September 1998, Cochran (in association with Gemstone Publishing) reprinted all seven individual issues.  This complete run was later rebound, with covers included, in a pair of softcover EC Annuals. Dark Horse reprinted Piracy as part of the EC Archives series in 2019.

Reed Crandall
Reed Leonard Crandall (February 22, 1917 – September 13, 1982) was an American illustrator and penciller of comic books and magazines. He was best known for the 1940s Quality Comics' Blackhawk and for stories in EC Comics during the 1950s. Crandall was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2009.
Hispania F110
The Hispania F110, also known as the HRT F110, is a Formula One motor racing car designed and built by Dallara for Hispania Racing, for the 2010 season. It was driven by Karun Chandhok, Bruno Senna, Christian Klien and Sakon Yamamoto and was unveiled in Murcia, Spain, on 4 March 2010. It was the first car Hispania Racing entered in Formula One.

The car used a Cosworth engine throughout the course of the 2010 season, of which it competed in every race with two of the four drivers who raced it. The team scored no points with the car during the season and gained the highest result of fourteenth place. This was scored by both Chandhok and Senna and meant that the team were placed eleventh and second-last in the 2010 World Constructors' Championship standings. The car gained no title sponsor from the team, and the car was never developed. Hispania's successor for their 2011 season campaign, the F111, was largely based upon the F110.

2010 Spanish Grand Prix
The 2010 Spanish Grand Prix (officially the Formula 1 Gran Premio de España Telefónica 2010) was the fifth round of the 2010 Formula One season. It was held on 9 May 2010 at the Circuit de Catalunya. It was the first European race of the 2010 season, and was ultimately won by Red Bull's Mark Webber after the Australian qualified on pole and led every lap of the race.
Netsuai Hakkakuchū
"Netsuai Hakkakuchū" (熱愛発覚中, 'Detecting Love'), also known by its French title "J'ai trouvé l'amour" ('I Have Found Love') is a song by Japanese musician Ringo Sheena. It was her first collaboration with electronic producer and Capsule member Yasutaka Nakata, and was released as a single to promote her collaboration compilation album Ukina.

Ukina
Ukina (浮き名; "Scandal"), also known by its English name Talk of the Town, is a compilation album by Japanese musician Ringo Sheena. It was released on her 15th anniversary on November 13, 2013, by Universal Music Japan sublabel EMI Records Japan, alongside a live recording compilation album called Mitsugetsu-shō. The album compiles her collaborations with other musicians not released on a Ringo Sheena album, as well as two unpublished songs.
Department of Technical Education
The Department of Technical Education (DTE) is a higher education governance body under the government of Kerala, India. It is a part of the Higher Education Department and is managed by the Minister of Higher Education. The department advises the government on matters dealing with higher education. It manages the working and activities 9 government engineering colleges, 3 aided engineering colleges, 49 polytechnic colleges, three colleges of fine arts, 39 technical high schools, 17 government commercial institutes, 42 Government Institute of Fashion Designing (GIFD) Centers and four vocational training centers.

Department of Higher Education (Kerala)
The Department of Higher Education is an administrative department under the Government of Kerala responsible for formulating policies, implementing programmes, and managing institutions related to higher education in the state. The department oversees universities, government and aided colleges, technical education institutions, professional colleges, and entrance examinations for professional courses in Kerala.

The Higher Education Department was formed to improve the standard of higher education in the state and to ensure coordinated development of university education, technical education, collegiate education, and professional course admissions.

The department headquarters is located in the Government Secretariat at Thiruvananthapuram.
Sulafa Khatun
Sulafa Khatun (d. after 1225), was the ruling atabeg of Maragha between 1209-1225. She was the last member of the Ahmadilis dynasty and its only female ruler.

Sulafa Khatun succeeded Arslan-Aba II in 1209. It was uncommon and controversial for a woman to become a ruler in an Islamic state, whether as a monarch or as regent. Ibn al-Athir quoted Muhammad saying "No people will succeed if they have a woman as their ruler."

She was married to atabeg Korp Arslan and had a son with him, who died in 1208. She remarried the Eldiguzids Prince Ozberg. In 1220, the Mongols invaded Caucasus, and laid siege to Maragha in April 1221. Sulafa Khatun was besieged in the citatel of Ru'in Diz, which she successfully defended against the Mongols.

In 1225, she was defeated by Jalal al-Din Mangburni. She divorced her spouse Ozberg, was obliged to marry Jalal al-Din Mangburni and abdicated her power to him, thus ending the Maragha state.

Maragheh
Maragheh (Persian: مراغه) is a city in the Central District of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Maragheh is on the bank of the river Sufi Chay. It is 130 kilometres (81 mi) from Tabriz, the largest city in northwestern Iran.
'Tis Money makes a Man: Or, The Good-Fellows Folly
'Tis Money makes a Man: Or, The Good-Fellows Folly is an English broadside ballad believed to have been published between 1674 and 1679 by John Wade, and is located in the National Library of Scotland. It is best known for its first lines, "OO what a madness 'tis to borrow or lend, / Or for strong Liquor thy Money to spend" as well as its popular refrain, "Then make much of a Penny as near as you can, / For if that be wanting thou'rt counted no man."

Broadside ballad
A broadside (also known as a broadsheet) is a single sheet of inexpensive paper printed on one side, often with a ballad, rhyme, news and sometimes with woodcut illustrations. They were one of the most common forms of printed material between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, particularly in Britain, Ireland and North America because they are easy to produce and are often associated with one of the most important forms of traditional music from these countries, the ballad. They were also common across Scandinavia and the rest of Europe.