hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano is a red wine with a denominazione di origine controllata e garantita status produced in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montepulciano, Italy. The wine is made primarily from the Sangiovese grape varietal (known locally as Prugnolo gentile) (minimum 70%), blended with Canaiolo Nero (10%–20%)  and small amounts of other local varieties such as Mammolo. The wine is aged for 2 years (at least 1 year in oak barrels); three years if it is a riserva. The wine should not be confused with Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, a red wine made from the  Montepulciano grape in the Abruzzo region of east-central Italy.

Montepulciano d'Abruzzo
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo is an Italian red wine made from the Montepulciano wine grape in the Abruzzo region of east-central Italy. It should not be confused with Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, a Tuscan wine made from Sangiovese and other grapes.

Montepulciano d'Abruzzo was first classified as Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) in 1968. The Colline Teramane subzone, established in 1995 as a DOC in the province of Teramo, was promoted to separate Denominazione di origine controllata e garantita (DOCG) status in 2003 and is now known as Colline Teramane Montepulciano d'Abruzzo.
In the late 20th and early 21st century, Montepulciano d'Abruzzo earned a reputation as one of the most widely exported DOC wines in Italy.
It is typically dry with soft tannins and often consumed young.

In addition to Montepulciano, up to 15% Sangiovese is permitted in the blend. Wines aged by the maker for more than two years may be labeled Riserva.
New Boston, Michigan
New Boston is an unincorporated community in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located within Huron Charter Township. As an unincorporated community, New Boston has no legally defined boundaries or population statistics of its own.

New Boston is located close to three divisions of the Huron–Clinton Metroparks system: Lower Huron, Oakwoods, and Willow. The Huron River runs through New Boston. The community has its own post office with the 48164 ZIP Code, which also serves the communities of Waltz and Willow, as well as smaller portions of Sumpter Township to the west and Brownstown Charter Township to the east.  The community is served by Huron School District.

Wayne County, Michigan
Wayne County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the United States census placed its population at 1,793,561, making it the 19th-most populous county in the United States. The county seat is Detroit. The county was founded in 1796 and organized in 1815. Wayne County is included in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of several U.S. counties named after Revolutionary War-era general Anthony Wayne.
Late Victorian Holocausts
Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World is a 2000 history book by Mike Davis about the connection between political economy and global climate patterns, particularly the impact of colonialism and the introduction of capitalism during the El Niño–Southern Oscillation related famines of 1876–1878, 1896–1897, and 1899–1902 across multiple continents. The book's main conclusion is that the deaths of 30–60 million people killed in famines all over the world during the later part of the 19th century were caused by the laissez-faire and Malthusian economic ideology of the colonial governments.

Davis characterises the Indian famines which took place under colonial rule as a genocide. Some scholars, including Niall Ferguson, have disputed this judgment, while others, including Adam Jones, have affirmed it.

Bentley Book Prize
The World History Association Bentley Book Prize is an annual award given by the World History Association.  It was first awarded in 1999 as the World History Association Book Prize; the name was changed in 2012 to honor Jerry H. Bentley. The prize is $500.

It should not be confused with the Jerry Bentley Prize in World History, a similar book prize established in 2014 by the American Historical Association.
The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945 film)
The Picture of Dorian Gray is a 1945 American supernatural horror-drama film based on Oscar Wilde's 1890 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. Released in March 1945 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the film was written and directed by Albert Lewin and produced by Pandro S. Berman. It stars George Sanders as Lord Henry Wotton and Hurd Hatfield as Dorian Gray, alongside Donna Reed, Angela Lansbury, Peter Lawford, and Lowell Gilmore. Cedric Hardwicke narrates.

The film is shot primarily in black-and-white, except four inserts in three-strip Technicolor of Dorian's portrait ranging from the youthful painting by Henrique Medina and the final, degenerate portrait by Ivan Le Lorraine Albright. The film was a critical success, winning the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for Harry Stradling. Angela Lansbury won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination for her role as Sibyl Vane.

Supernatural film
Supernatural film is a film genre that encompasses supernatural themes related to gods, goddesses, ghosts, apparitions, spirits, miracles, and other extraordinary phenomena. These themes are often blended with other film genres, such as comedy, science fiction, fantasy, and horror. Historically, the primary goal of supernatural films was not to terrify audiences but to offer entertainment, often in whimsical or romantic contexts.

The film genre is part of several hybrid genres, including supernatural comedy films, supernatural horror films, supernatural religious films, and supernatural thriller films.
Klein bottle
In mathematics, the Klein bottle (/ˈklaɪn/) is an example of a surface with no distinct inside or outside. In other words, it is a one-sided surface which, if traveled upon, could be followed back to the point of origin while flipping the traveler upside down. More formally, it is an example of a non-orientable surface, a two-dimensional manifold on which one cannot define a consistent direction perpendicular to the surface (normal vector) that varies continuously over the whole shape.

The Klein bottle is related to other non-orientable surfaces like the Möbius strip, which also has only one side but does have a boundary. In contrast, the Klein bottle is boundaryless, like a sphere or torus, though it cannot be embedded in ordinary three-dimensional space without intersecting itself.

The Klein bottle was first described in 1882 by the mathematician Felix Klein.

Immersion (mathematics)
In mathematics, an immersion is a differentiable function between differentiable manifolds whose differential pushforward is everywhere injective. Explicitly, f : M → N is an immersion if

is an injective function at every point p of M (where TpX denotes the tangent space of a manifold X at a point p in X and Dp f  is the derivative (pushforward) of the map f at point p). Equivalently, f is an immersion if its derivative has constant rank equal to the dimension of M:

The function f itself need not be injective, only its derivative must be.
Paramedics in the United States
In the United States, the paramedic is an allied health professional whose primary focus is to provide advanced emergency medical care for patients who access Emergency Medical Services (EMS). This individual possesses the complex knowledge and skills necessary to provide patient care and transportation. Paramedics function as part of a comprehensive EMS response under physician medical direction. Paramedics often serve in a prehospital role, responding to Public safety answering point (9-1-1) calls in an ambulance. The paramedic serves as the initial entry point into the health care system. A standard requirement for state licensure involves successful completion of a nationally accredited Paramedic program at the certificate or associate degree level.

Paramedic
A paramedic is a healthcare professional trained in the medical model, whose main role has historically been to respond to emergency calls for medical help outside of a hospital. Paramedics work as part of the emergency medical services (EMS), most often in ambulances. They also have roles in emergency medicine, primary care, transfer medicine and remote/offshore medicine.  The scope of practice of a paramedic varies between countries, but generally includes autonomous decision making around the emergency care of patients.

Not all ambulance personnel are paramedics, although the term is sometimes used informally to refer to any ambulance personnel. In some English-speaking countries, there is an official distinction between paramedics and emergency medical technicians (or emergency care assistants), in which paramedics have additional educational requirements and scope of practice.
HDNet Fights
HDNet Fights was a US based television outlet for various MMA and combat sports promotions. Its broadcast lineup included DREAM, Sengoku, K-1, Strikeforce, Adrenaline MMA, M-1 Global, Ring of Honor, Maximum Fighting Championship, Affliction Entertainment, Urban Conflict Championship, BAMMA, XFC, Superior Challenge, CFA, Titan Fighting Championships and the now defunct IFL among others. As of February 19, 2010, it has promoted two events of its own and broadcast 60 events by other promotions. After July 2, 2012, when HDNet re-branded itself as AXS TV, HDNet Fights was re-branded as AXS TV Fights.

Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)
Strikeforce was an American mixed martial arts and kickboxing organization based in San Jose, California, that operated from 1985 to 2013. It was headed by CEO Scott Coker.

Its live events and competitions have been shown on CBS, debuting on November 7, 2009, and Showtime in the United States. Internationally, Strikeforce events have been broadcast Super Channel in Canada, Primetime in the United Kingdom, SKY PerfecTV! in Japan, HBO Plus in Brazil, Space in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on the American Forces Network.

In early 2011, Strikeforce was purchased by American Ultimate Fighting Championship owner Zuffa LLC, which eventually closed the promotion and brought the remaining fighter contracts into the UFC roster.
Rudaba
Rūdāba or Rudâbe (Persian: رودابه [ruːdɒːˈbe]) is a Persian mythological female figure in Ferdowsi's epic Shahnameh. She is the princess of Kabul, daughter of Mehrab Kaboli and Sindukht, and later she becomes married to Zal, as they become lovers. They had two children, including Rostam, the main hero of the Shahnameh.

Rapunzel
"Rapunzel" (/rəˈpʌnzəl/ rə-PUN-zəl; German: [ʁaˈpʊnt͡sl̩] ⓘ; French: Raiponce or Persinette) is a German fairy tale most notably recorded by the Brothers Grimm and it was published in 1812 as part of Children's and Household Tales (KHM 12). The Grimms' story was developed from the French literary fairy tale of Persinette by Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force (1698), which itself is an alternative version of the Italian fairy tale Petrosinella by Giambattista Basile (1634).

The tale is classified as Aarne–Thompson type 310 ("The Maiden in The Tower"). Its plot has been used and parodied in various media. Its best known line is, "Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair."
Jaana Vasama
Jaana Vasama (born in 1966) is a Finnish politician and cultural personnel.

From 2005 to 2009, Vasama was the head of Finnish Institute in Tallinn. Since 2012, she is the head of Tuglas Society.

In 2021, Vasama was awarded the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, IV Class.

Finnish Institute in Tallinn
Finnish Institute in Tallinn (Estonian: Soome Instituut) is a non-profit organization, whose headquarters are located in Tallinn, Estonia. The institute's goals are to maintain, develop, and strengthen Finnish–Estonian cultural cooperation in different art, education, and society fields. The institute is maintained by the Foundation of the Finnish Institute in Estonia.

The institute was found in 1991.

The institute has also premises in Tartu.

The institute belongs to Finnish Cultural and Academic Institutes.
Hindi Belt
The Hindi Belt, also known as the Hindi Heartland, the Hindi-speaking states, and sometimes more broadly referred to as the Hindi–Urdu Belt or Hindustani Belt, is a linguistic region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India where various Northern, Central, Eastern and Western Indo-Aryan languages are spoken, which in a broader sense is termed as Hindi languages, with Modern Standard Hindi (a Sanskritised version, based on Khari Boli) serving as the lingua franca of the region. This belt includes all the Indian states whose official language is Modern Standard Hindi.

The term "Hindi Belt" is sometimes also used to refer to the nine Indian states whose official language is Modern Standard Hindi, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, as well as to the union territory of Chandigarh and the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Central India
Central India refers to a geographical region of India that generally includes the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

The Central Zonal Council, established by the Government of India, includes these states as well as Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand to the north. The inclusion of Uttarakhand extends the region to the Himalayan border with Tibet/China.
St Magnus Church, Birsay
St Magnus Church, Birsay is a 17th-century church located in the parish of Birsay on Mainland, Orkney in Scotland. Built in 1664 on the site of an earlier, 11th-century church, St Magnus was later expanded in 1760 and 1867. The graveyard surrounding the church dates to the 18th century. The church building is now maintained by the St Magnus Church Birsay Trust.

Birsay
Birsay (/ˈbʌrsiː/) (Old Norse: Birgisherað) is a parish in the north west corner of The Mainland of Orkney, Scotland. Almost all the land in the parish is devoted to agriculture: chiefly grassland used to rear beef cattle. There are various ancient monuments in the parish.
Polar Times Glacier
Polar Times Glacier (69°46′S 74°35′E﻿ / ﻿69.767°S 74.583°E﻿ / -69.767; 74.583) is a glacier on Ingrid Christensen Coast, flowing northward between Svarthausen Nunatak and Boyd Nunatak into the western part of Publications Ice Shelf. It was delineated by John H. Roscoe from aerial photographs taken by USN Operation Highjump, 1946–1947, and named by Roscoe after The Polar Times, a polar journal published by the American Polar Society, New York City.

Svarthausen Nunatak
Svarthausen Nunatak (69°49′S 74°30′E﻿ / ﻿69.817°S 74.500°E﻿ / -69.817; 74.500) is a jagged, dark rock nunatak with a small outlier to the southwest, lying on the west side of Polar Times Glacier, about 4 nautical miles (7 km) south-southeast of Mount Caroline Mikkelsen. Mapped from air photographs by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named Svarthausen (the black crag).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Svarthausen Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Ernst Alm
Ernst Alm (March 1, 1900, in Norsjö – October 7, 1980) was a Swedish cross-country skier who competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics. He finished sixth in the 50 km event. Alm also won the first Vasaloppet in 1922

Vasaloppet
Vasaloppet (Swedish for 'the Vasa race') is an annual long distance cross-country ski race held on the first Sunday of March. The 90 km (56 mi) course starts in the village of Berga, just south of Sälen in western Dalarna, Sweden, and ends in the town of Mora in the central part of the province. It is the oldest cross-country ski race in the world, as well as the one with the highest number of participants.

The race was inspired by a notable journey King Gustav Vasa made from Mora to Sälen when he was fleeing from Christian II's soldiers during the winter of 1520–1521. According to legend, he fled on skis. The modern competition started in 1922 and it has been a part of the Worldloppet events since 1979.
Harold Dawson
Harold Dawson (10 August 1914 – 14 May 1994) was an English first-class cricketer. Dawson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.

Dawson joined famous Lancashire League team Todmorden Cricket Club in 1931. A prolific batsman for the club, Dawson scored a fifty on every ground in the Lancashire League. Dawson played in four championship and four Worsley Cup-winning sides.

Dawson represented Hampshire in ten first-class matches between 1937 and 1938. Dawson made his County Championship debut against Kent in 1937. His final first-class appearance for the county came against a Combined Services team in 1938.

In 1949 Dawson represented Devon in a friendly match against Worcestershire. In 1957 Dawson was part of a combined Lancashire League side that took on Lancashire in a friendly match.

From 1985 to 1986 Dawson was the president of Todmorden Cricket Club and of the Lancashire League.

Dawson died in Todmorden, Yorkshire on 14 May 1994.

Todmorden Cricket Club
Todmorden Cricket Club is a cricket club in the Lancashire League, which plays its home games at Centre Vale in Todmorden, West Yorkshire. Until the administrative border was changed in 1888, the historic boundary between Lancashire and Yorkshire ran through the centre of the ground.
No. 1 Squadron RAF
Number 1 Squadron, also known as No. 1 (Fighter) Squadron, is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It was the first squadron to fly a VTOL aircraft. It currently operates Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft from RAF Lossiemouth.

The squadron motto, In omnibus princeps ("First in all things") reflects the squadron's status as the RAF's oldest unit, having been involved in almost every major British military operation from the First World War to the present time. These include the Second World War, Suez Crisis, Falklands War, Kosovo War, and Operation Telic (Iraq).

RAF Wittering
Royal Air Force Wittering or more simply RAF Wittering (ICAO: EGXT) is a Royal Air Force station within the unitary authority area of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire and the unitary authority area of North Northamptonshire. Although Stamford in Lincolnshire is the nearest town, the runways of RAF Wittering cross the boundary between Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.
Rudy W. Roethlisberger
Rudy W. Roethlisberger (April 9, 1894 – January 16, 1957) was an American politician and farmer.

Born in Wellman, Iowa, Roethlisberger went to school in Tennessee. He moved to Wisconsin at age 16 and married Minnie Massey (1893–1961). He was a farmer in the Town of Verona, Dane County, Wisconsin. Roethlisberger served on the Dane County Board of Supervisors, was chairman of the Verona Town Board, and served on the school board. Roethlisberger served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1945 to 1949 and was a Republican. He died in a hospital in Madison, Wisconsin.

Verona (town), Wisconsin
The Town of Verona is located in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,947 at the 2020 census. The city of Verona and the unincorporated community of Five Points are located in the town.
Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History
Wakayama Prefectural Museum of Natural History (和歌山県立自然博物館, Wakayama Kenritsu Shizen Hakubutsukan) opened in Kainan, Wakayama Prefecture in 1982. The displays relate to the geology, flora, and fauna of the area, while the research collection includes some 167,000 specimens. The first exhibition room is an aquarium, and many specimens are displayed in the second room. The Museum is accredited as a Registered Museum by the Museum Act from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Kainan, Wakayama
Kainan (海南市, Kainan-shi) is a city located in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2021, the city had an estimated population of 48,811 in 22129 households and a population density of 110 persons per km². The total area of the city is 101.06 square kilometres (39.02 sq mi)
Willandra, Ryde
Willandra is a heritage-listed former service station and homestead and now community facility located at 782 Victoria Road, Ryde, New South Wales, Australia. Its design is attributed to William Weaver: 47  and built from 1841 to 1844 by James Devlin. It is also known as the Ryde House. The property is owned by the City of Ryde council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

The house is completed in the Colonial Georgian architectural style. During the 1970s the house was in danger of being demolished but it was purchased by the City of Ryde Council with the assistance of the Australian Government and has been restored. It is now used by local community groups.

City of Ryde
The City of Ryde is a local government area in the Northern Sydney region, in New South Wales, Australia. It was first established as the Municipal District of Ryde in 1870, became a municipality in 1906 and was proclaimed as the City of Ryde in 1992.

The local government area extends from the Parramatta River to the Lane Cove River which encircles the area in the north, and is bounded in the east by the peninsula of Hunters Hill and the City of Parramatta in the west. The City comprises an area of 40.651 square kilometres (15.695 sq mi) and as at the 2021 census had an estimated population of 129,123.

The mayor of the City of Ryde since 28 March 2024 is Councillor Trenton Brown, a member of the Liberal Party.
Columbus (novel)
Columbus is a romantic adventure novel by the British writer Rafael Sabatini which was first published in 1941. It depicts the life of Christopher Columbus at the Spanish court, his voyages across the Atlantic Ocean in which he discovered the Americas and his relationship with the mother of his second son Beatriz Enríquez de Arana, whom he never married.

Sabatini had originally been commissioned to write a screenplay for a planned film of Columbus around 1939. The project was continually delayed, and in 1941 Sabatini published his story as a novel instead. The story is in the style of his previous works Captain Blood and The Sea Hawk, which had already been adapted into hit films, and portrayed Columbus as a swashbuckler.

Rafael Sabatini
Rafael Sabatini (29 April 1875 – 13 February 1950) was an Italian-born British writer of romance and adventure novels.

He is best known for his worldwide bestsellers: The Sea Hawk (1915), Scaramouche (1921), Captain Blood (a.k.a. Captain Blood: His Odyssey) (1922), and Bellarion the Fortunate (1926). Several of his novels have been made into films, both silent and sound.

In all, Sabatini produced 34 novels, eight short story collections, six non-fiction books, numerous uncollected short stories, and several plays.
Izak Rankine
Izak Rankine (born 23 April 2000) is a professional Australian rules footballer who plays for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), having previously been drafted to the Gold Coast Suns with pick 3 in the 2018 AFL draft.

Dan Houston
Daniel Houston (born 12 May 1997) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A two-time All-Australian, Houston previously played for Port Adelaide.
2004–05 Irish First Division
The 2004–05 Irish First Division was the tenth season of second-tier football in Northern Ireland under the league system at the time. The division consisted of 12 clubs.

Armagh City were the champions and were promoted to the 2005–06 Irish Premier League. Glenavon finished second and entered the promotion play-off, defeating Crusaders 3–2 on aggregate and gaining promotion. Ballinamallard United were relegated to the Irish Second Division. Ballymoney United were also due to be relegated, but were given a reprieve due to Omagh Town (who were relegated from the Premier League) going out of business.

Armagh City F.C.
Armagh City Football Club, referred to as Armagh City, is a semi-professional, Northern Irish football club playing in the NIFL Championship. Armagh City are a part of the Mid-Ulster Football Association. The club plays in the Irish Cup.