hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piaśnica massacres
The massacres in Piaśnica were a series of mass murders carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II, between the fall of 1939 and spring of 1940 in Piaśnica Wielka (Groß Piasnitz) in the Darzlubska Wilderness near Wejherowo. The exact number of people murdered is unknown, but estimates range between 12,000 and 14,000 victims. Most of them were Polish intellectuals from Gdańsk Pomerania, but Poles, Kashubians, Jews, Czechs and German inmates from mental hospitals from the General Government and the Third Reich were also murdered. After the Stutthof concentration camp, Piaśnica was the largest site of killings of Polish civilians in Pomerania by the Germans, and for this reason, is sometimes referred to as the "second" or "Pomeranian" Katyn. It was the first large-scale Nazi atrocity in occupied Poland.

Albert Forster
Albert Maria Forster (26 July 1902 – 28 February 1952) was a German Nazi Party politician, member of the SS and war criminal.  During the Second World War, under his administration as the Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter of Danzig-West Prussia (the other German-annexed section of occupied Poland aside from the Warthegau), the local non-German populations of Poles and Jews were classified as sub-human and subjected to extermination campaigns involving ethnic cleansing, mass murder, and in the case of some Poles with German ancestry, forceful Germanisation. Forster was directly responsible for the extermination of non-Germans and was a strong supporter of Polish genocide, which he had advocated before the war. Forster was tried, convicted and hanged in Warsaw for his crimes, after Germany was defeated.
Wukari
WukariListenⓘ  is a Local Government Area in Taraba State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Wukari on the A4 highway. The Donga River flows through the area and the Benue River forms a boundary with Nasarawa State to the northwest. It has an area of 4,308 km2 and a population of 241,546 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 670.

There are 10 Wards in WUKARI local government area namely: AKWANA, AVYI,  BANTAJE, CHONKU, HOSPITAL, JIBU, KENTE, PUJE, RAFIN KADA, TSOKUNDI

Taraba State
TarabaListenⓘ  is a state in north-eastern Nigeria, named after the Taraba River, which traverses the southern part of the state. It is nicknamed "Nature's Gift to the Nation". The state capital is Jalingo. It is home to a diverse population including about 80 distinct ethnicities and their languages.
Certosa di Pavia
The Certosa di Pavia is a monastery complex in Lombardy, Northern Italy, situated near a small village of the same name in the Province of Pavia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Pavia. Built from 1396 to 1495, it was once located at the end of the Visconti Park a large hunting park and pleasure ground belonging to the Visconti dukes of Milan, of which today only scattered parts remain. It is one of the largest monasteries in Italy.

Certosa is the Italian translation of Charterhouse: a monastery of the cloistered monastic order of Carthusians founded by St. Bruno in 1044 at Grande Chartreuse. Though the Carthusians in their early centuries were known for their seclusion and asceticism and the plainness of their architecture, the Certosa is renowned for the exuberance of its architecture, in both the Gothic and Renaissance styles, and for its collection of artworks which are particularly representative of the region.

Daniele Crespi
Daniele Crespi (1598 – 19 July 1630) was an Italian painter and draughtsman. He is regarded as one of the most original artists working in Milan in the 1620s.  He broke away from the exaggerated manner of Lombard Mannerism in favour of an early Baroque style, distinguished by clarity of form and content. A prolific history painter, he was also known for his portraits.
Tyne Tunnel
The Tyne Tunnel is the name given to a pair of two-lane vehicular toll tunnels under the River Tyne in North East England. Originally opened in 1967 and expanded in 2011, the tunnels connect the town of Jarrow on the south bank of the river with North Shields and Wallsend on the northern side. The tunnels are approximately 7 miles (11 km) downstream, to the east of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Tyne Tunnel constitutes a part of the A19 road.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Au Tau station
Au Tau (Chinese: 凹頭) is a proposed station on the Northern Link of the MTR rapid transit network in Hong Kong. The station will be situated at Au Tau, an undeveloped area located in Yuen Long District, New Territories.

There were originally no stations planned on the main section of the Northern Link, between Kam Sheung Road and Kwu Tung/Lok Ma Chau, but three stations, including Au Tau, will be built on this section provided that significant development can be seen in the surrounding area.

Au Tau
Au Tau (Chinese: 凹頭) is an area of Yuen Long District, Hong Kong, located directly east of Yuen Long Town.

Pok Oi Hospital is located in Au Tau.

Pun Uk, a former mansion and a Grade I Historic Building is located in Au Tau, next to the hospital.

Tung Shing Lei (東成里) is a village located in Au Tau.
Ar Rakiyat
Ar Rakiyat (Arabic: الركية) is a village in Qatar, in the municipality of Ash Shamal. From the 19th to 20th centuries, the village obtained its water supply from the freshwater well in Ar Rakiyat Fort. The fort also provided refuge for its population in times of conflict.

Al Shamal
Al Shamal (Arabic: ٱلشَّمَال, romanized: Ash Shamāl, lit. 'the north') is a municipality in Qatar. Its seat is Madinat ash Shamal and it is considered to be one of the major cities in Qatar, although its population is barely over 7,000. The seat's name translates to "city of the north".

Ras Rakan, the Qatar Peninsula's northernmost point, is included in the municipality, and is surrounded by the Persian Gulf in all directions except for the south. It borders the municipality of Al Khor. The municipality is divided into three primary zones.
Kenyan tea workers strike of 2007
The Kenyan tea workers strike of 2007 was a strike action undertaken by members of the Kenya Plantation and Agricultural Workers Union (KPAWU) against Unilever Tea Kenya Ltd (UTK) over a wage increase. It took place in the Kericho region of Kenya and involved an estimated 10,000 workers from eighteen tea plantations. The strike began on 8 September 2007 and ended on 14 September 2007 when UTK agreed to pay an 8% wage increase.

Kenya Plantation and Agricultural Workers Union
The Kenya Plantation and Agricultural Workers Union (KPAWU) is a trade union which represents 200,000 agriculture sector workers (2005 estimate) in Kenya, including tea, coffee, and flower workers. The KPAWU was established in 1963 when several unions were amalgamated. Its head office is in Nakuru, a regional centre. The KPAWU is affiliated to the Central Organization of Trade Unions (Kenya).
Norfolk Artillery Militia
The Prince of Wales's Own Norfolk Artillery was a part-time auxiliary unit of Britain's Royal Artillery in the County of Norfolk from 1853 to 1909. Its role was to serve in home defence in time of war, but it also provided an active service company in the Second Boer War. Under the patronage of Edward, Prince of Wales, it became a socially exclusive regiment.

Charles Harbord, 5th Baron Suffield
Charles Harbord, 5th Baron Suffield GCVO KCB PC JP DL (2 January 1830 – 9 April 1914), was a British peer, courtier and Liberal politician. A close friend of Edward VII, he served as a Lord of the Bedchamber and Lord-in-waiting to the King. He also held political office as Master of the Buckhounds under William Gladstone between February and July 1886.
Who'll Stop the Rain
Who'll Stop the Rain is a 1978 American neo-noir thriller crime drama film directed by Karel Reisz and starring Nick Nolte, Tuesday Weld, Michael Moriarty, and Anthony Zerbe. It was released by United Artists and produced by Herb Jaffe and Gabriel Katzka with Sheldon Schrager and Roger Spottiswoode as executive producers. The screenplay was by Judith Rascoe and Robert Stone, based on Stone's novel Dog Soldiers (1974), the music score by Laurence Rosenthal, and the cinematography by Richard H. Kline. The movie was entered in the 1978 Cannes Film Festival.

Anthony Zerbe
Anthony Jared Zerbe (born May 20, 1936) is an American actor. After pursuing an interest in theater in his early years, including a stint at the Stella Adler Studio of Acting in New York City, he enlisted in the Air Force and later embarked upon a career in television and film.

On television, he appeared in many series, making multiple appearances in series such as Mission: Impossible, Gunsmoke, Kung Fu, Mannix, How the West Was Won and The Equalizer. He had recurring roles in the series Harry O and The Young Riders, garnering an Emmy Award in 1976 for his work on the former. His film credits include Cool Hand Luke (1967), The Omega Man (1971), Papillon (1973), The Dead Zone (1983), Licence to Kill (1989), Star Trek: Insurrection (1998),The Matrix Reloaded (2003), The Matrix Revolutions (2003) and American Hustle (2013).
Tamara Lawrance
Tamara Naomi Lawrance (born 1994) is a British actress. She is known for her performances as Prince Harry's republican girlfriend in the 2017 BBC television film King Charles III, and as Viola in the 2017 production of Twelfth Night at the National Theatre cinecast internationally on NT Live. In 2018 she received the second prize at the Ian Charleson Awards for this performance as Viola.

WhatsOnStage named her one of "10 theatre faces to look out for in 2017" and The Guardian listed her in "20 talents set to take 2017 by storm".

In December 2018 she starred as Miss July, a former slave on a sugar plantation in 19th-century Jamaica, in the three-part BBC adaptation of Andrea Levy's novel The Long Song.  In October 2023 she appeared in the BBC's prison drama Time, playing the role of Abi, who is serving a life sentence. In 2024, she played the title role in the miniseries Get Millie Black.

Get Millie Black
Get Millie Black is a British television series created by writer Marlon James. It is his first. Developed by Motive Pictures, it appears on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom and HBO in the United States. The series first premiered on HBO on 25 November 2024 and was later shown on Channel 4 from 5 March 2025.
H. Dalton Hall
Harold Dalton Hall (29 October 1881 – 1 August 1946) was a South Australian amateur artist noted for marine subjects. A lasting example of his work is the model cast in bronze of HMS Buffalo atop the Centenary memorial, Moseley Square, Glenelg, in South Australia. He was referred to as "Dalton–Hall" in his death notices, but rarely elsewhere; he signed his paintings "H. D. Hall".

Moseley Square, Glenelg
Moseley Square is a public square in the City of Holdfast Bay at Glenelg, and was named for Henry J. Moseley, the builder and first publican of the Pier Hotel, Glenelg. Located between Jetty Road and Glenelg Beach, the Square is the location of the Glenelg Town Hall, Glenelg Jetty, the Stamford Grand Hotel and various fast-food outlets. It is the terminus of the Glenelg tram line (for many years the only tram line in Adelaide) from Adelaide. It is a site of major events including the Glenelg Jazz Festival and the City to Bay Fun Run.
GPS (band)
GPS were a progressive rock group formed in 2006 by John Payne (vocals, bass, guitar), Guthrie Govan (guitars) and Jay Schellen (drums, percussion). These three had been working together in Asia, specifically on an album to have been called Architect of Time, when the fourth member of Asia, Geoff Downes, joined a reunion of the band's classic line-up, dissolving the then current line-up. Payne, Govan and Schellen announced the formation of a new band in February 2006 to be called One. However, after discovering another rock act with the same name, the band changed its name to GPS, from the initials of the three founders.

Jay Schellen
Jay Schellen (born May 20, 1960) is an American drummer who is the current drummer of the English progressive rock band Yes, having toured with the band as an additional drummer since 2016 before becoming an official member in 2023, following the death of longtime drummer Alan White. Schellen has also worked with a number of other heavy rock and progressive rock bands, including with Hurricane, Asia, World Trade, Circa, and Unruly Child.
Ordubad uezd
The Ordubad uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its center in Ordubad from 1849 until 1868.  It included the southern part of the Nakhichevan exclave of present-day Azerbaijan and the southern part of the Syunik Province of present-day Armenia, including Meghri.

Ordubad
Ordubad is the second largest city of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and the capital of an eponymous district. Ordubad is a medieval city of the Caucasus and in its current capacity of a town was founded in the 18th century. The town is divided into five districts: Ambaras, Kurdtatal, Mingis, Sarshahar, and Uch.

Ordubad is well known for its exports of fruits and spices, and for its cuisine.
New York State Commission of Correction
The New York State Commission of Correction is "empowered to visit and inspect all penal institutions and to promote humane and efficient administration of these institutions." It's a part of the New York State Executive Department.

New York State Executive Department
The New York State Executive Department of the New York state government serves as the administrative department of the Governor of New York. This department has no central operating structure; it consists of a number of divisions, offices, boards, commissions, councils, and other independent agencies that provide policy advice and assistance to the governor and conduct activities according to statute or executive order. Its regulations are compiled in title 9 of the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations.
Piedmonttreppen
A piedmonttreppen or piedmont benchland is a conceived landform consisting in a succession of benches at different heights and that forms in sequence during the uplift of a geological dome. The concept was first proposed in a posthumous publication by Walther Penck in 1924.

Penck's type area for the piedmontreppen was the Black Forest of Germany. Outside Germany the South Swedish Dome has been identified as containing a piedmonttreppen, with the uppermost and oldest surface being the Sub-Cambrian peneplain. It is followed by three surfaces, one at 300 m a.s.l., another at 200 m and then the South Småland peneplain. There have been attempts at describing the southern portion of the Scandinavian Mountains as having a piedmonttreppen topography made up of paleic surfaces in the uplands and a strandflat at sea level. This idea has been strongly contested by Olaf Holtedahl. Later authors also stress that the Scandinavian Mountains cannot be described as a series of domes.

Strandflat
Strandflat (Norwegian: strandflate) is a landform typical of the Norwegian coast consisting of a flattish erosion surface on the coast and near-coast seabed. In Norway, strandflats provide room for settlements and agriculture, constituting important cultural landscapes. The shallow and protected waters of strandflats are valued fishing grounds that provide sustenance to traditional fishing settlements. Outside Norway proper, strandflats can be found in other high-latitude areas, such as Antarctica, Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, the Russian Far North, Greenland, Svalbard, Sweden, and Scotland.

The strandflats are usually bounded on the landward side by a sharp break in slope, leading to mountainous terrain or high plateaux. On the seaward side, strandflats end at submarine slopes. The bedrock surface of strandflats is uneven and tilts gently towards the sea.

The concept of a strandflat was introduced in 1894 by Norwegian geologist Hans Reusch.
Digital Economy Act 2010
The Digital Economy Act 2010 (c. 24) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  The act addresses media policy issues related to digital media, including copyright infringement, Internet domain names, Channel 4 media content, local radio and video games. Introduced to Parliament by Peter Mandelson on 20 November 2009, it received royal assent on 8 April 2010. It came into force two months later, with some exceptions: several sections – 5, 6, 7, 15, 16(1)and 30 to 32 – came into force immediately,  whilst  others required a statutory instrument before they would come into force. However some provisions have never come into force since the required statutory instruments were never passed by Parliament and considered to be "shelved" by 2014, and other sections were repealed.

Stephen Carter, Baron Carter of Barnes
Stephen Andrew Carter, Baron Carter of Barnes, CBE (born 12 February 1964), is a Scottish businessman and politician. Starting his career as graduate trainee rising to CEO of J Walter Thompson UK & Ireland and COO of NTL UK & Ireland (now Virgin Media), in 2003 Carter became the founding CEO of Ofcom (Office of Communications) in the United Kingdom. He was subsequently the group CEO of Brunswick Group from 2007 until 2008, when he stepped down to join the administration of Prime Minister Gordon Brown, Initially serving in 2008 as Brown's chief of strategy, principal advisor, and the Acting Downing Street Chief of Staff, he was very briefly Minister for Communications, Technology and Broadcasting for 9 months in 2008-9. Between 2010 and 2013 he held various management positions at Alcatel-Lucent, and in 2013 he became the group CEO of Informa, an information and events company.
1989 Orange Bowl
The 1989 Orange Bowl was the 55th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, on Monday, January 2. Part of the 1988–89 bowl game season, it matched the independent and second-ranked Miami Hurricanes and the #6 Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight Conference. Favored Miami won 23–3.

It was a rematch of the 1984 game, in which Miami had won its first national championship. Despite the high rankings of both teams, the game was not determining of the national title since top-ranked and undefeated Notre Dame (which had defeated Miami by one point earlier in the season) convincingly won the Fiesta Bowl in Arizona earlier in the day.

This was the first Orange Bowl that had an official corporate sponsor, Federal Express (now FedEx), who continued to sponsor the bowl until 2010.

1988 Notre Dame vs. Miami football game
The 1988 Notre Dame vs. Miami football game (known colloquially as Catholics vs. Convicts) was a college football game played between the Miami Hurricanes of the University of Miami and the Fighting Irish of the University of Notre Dame on October 15, 1988, at Notre Dame Stadium in Notre Dame, Indiana.

Both the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and the Miami Hurricanes came into the game undefeated. Notre Dame won the closely contested game 31–30.
Lochlann Óg Ó Dálaigh
Lochlann Óg Ó Dálaigh, early modern Irish poet, fl. ca. 1610.

A native of Munster and a member of the Ó Dálaigh clan of poets, he wrote poetry lamenting the eclipse of the native society and culture of Ireland. Cait ar ghabhader Gaoidhil? ("Where have the Gaels gone?") he asked, and answered himself thus: "In their place we have a proud impure swarm of foreigners".

He was a son of Tadhg Óg Ó Dálaigh.

Ó Dálaigh
The Ó Dálaigh (Irish pronunciation: [oː ˈd̪ˠaːlˠiː]) were a learned Irish bardic family who first came to prominence early in the 12th century, when Cú Connacht Ó Dálaigh was described as "The first Ollamh of poetry in all Ireland" (ollamh is the title given to university professors in Modern Irish).

The modern Irish surnames O'Daly, Daly, Daley, Dayley, Dalley, Daily, Dailey and Dawley are derived from Ó Dálaigh.
Continental Charters Flight 44-2
Continental Charters Flight 44-2, a domestic non scheduled passenger flight from Miami, Florida to Buffalo, New York, crashed on December 29, 1951 near Napoli, New York. The twin engine C-46 Commando, registration N3944C, crashed approximately 10:25 pm in adverse weather conditions. Of the four crew and 36 passengers on board, three crew members and 23 passengers perished. The flight crew's poor judgment in attempting a flight by visual reference during instrument weather conditions was the cause of the accident.

Napoli, New York
Napoli is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. It is located in the western half of the county, northwest of Salamanca. The only permanent community in the town is Napoli village, formerly "Napoli Corners". The population was 1,173 at the 2020 census.

The town's name presumably comes from Napoli, the Italian name of Naples, but is pronounced with a non-Italian pronunciation: /nəˈpoʊlaɪ/ nə-POH-ly, with a long "i" sound at the end (much like communities named Pulaski and Chili in other parts of the state).
2023 Australian Open – Boys' doubles
Bruno Kuzuhara and Coleman Wong were the defending champions, but both players were no longer eligible to participate in junior events.

Learner Tien and Cooper Williams won the title, defeating Alexander Blockx and João Fonseca in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Alexander Blockx
Alexander Blockx (born 8 April 2005) is a Belgian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 94, achieved on 23 February 2026 and a best doubles ranking of No. 467, reached on 10 November 2025. He is currently the No. 3 singles player from Belgium.

Blockx won the boys' singles title at the 2023 Australian Open. He represents Belgium at the Davis Cup.
The Terror of the Transvaal
"The Terror of the Transvaal" is a Scrooge McDuck comic story by Don Rosa. It is the sixth of the original 12 chapters in the series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck. The story takes place from 1887 to 1889.

The story was first published in the Danish Anders And & Co. #1993-18; the first American publication was in Uncle Scrooge #290, in February 1995.

Flintheart Glomgold
Flintheart Glomgold is a cartoon character created in 1956 by Carl Barks. He is a South African American Pekin Duck and the business rival of Scrooge McDuck, usually portrayed as an ambitious, ruthless and manipulative businessman who shares many of the same qualities as Scrooge—the drive for massive wealth and the cunning and creativity to obtain the same—but he lacks any of Scrooge's tendencies towards generosity and compassion. In Don Rosa's The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, he is said to be a Boer.

Glomgold is one of Scrooge's main rivals along with the Beagle Boys, Magica De Spell, and John D. Rockerduck, and also holds the title of being the "Second Richest Duck in the World" while Scrooge is the richest. His appearance is deliberately similar to that of Scrooge, but he is usually drawn with a full beard and sideburns as opposed to simple side-whiskers, black or purple frock coat instead of Scrooge's red or blue one, and a dark tam o'shanter instead of Scrooge's top hat.