hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emporia, Virginia
Emporia is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.  It is the county seat of Greensville County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,766, making it the third-least populous city in Virginia. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Emporia with surrounding Greensville County for statistical purposes. The town has become notorious for being a major speed trap.

Independent city (United States)
In the United States, an independent city is a city that is not in the territory of any county or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as "county equivalents" and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name.

Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in Virginia, whose state constitution makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Baltimore is the most populous independent city in the United States.
Siedlisko, Elbląg County
Siedlisko [ɕɛˈdliskɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Godkowo, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 29 km (18 mi) east of Elbląg and 54 km (34 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gmina Godkowo
Gmina Godkowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Godkowo, which lies approximately 34 kilometres (21 mi) east of Elbląg and 51 km (32 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 166.74 square kilometres (64.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,320.
Erin Way
Erin Way (born September 13, 1987) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Kat in the Syfy drama series Alphas. She joined the show in the third episode of the second season.

A former ballet dancer, Erin Way started acting while in high school.

Alphas
Alphas is an American superhero drama television series created by Zak Penn and Michael Karnow. It follows a group of people with superhuman abilities, known as "Alphas", as they work to prevent crimes committed by other Alphas.

The series was broadcast in the United States on the cable channel Syfy and was a co-production between BermanBraun and Universal Cable Productions. It premiered on July 11, 2011. After initial reports that the show was canceled, on September 7, 2011, Alphas was renewed for a 13-episode second season, which premiered on Monday, July 23, 2012, at 10 p.m. ET. On January 16, 2013, Syfy announced that the program would not be returning for a third season, ending the series with an unresolved cliffhanger.
Kitchen Point
Kitchen Point is a rocky point at the east end of Tirizis Island off the east coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is projecting into Bransfield Strait to form the southeast side of the entrance to Kozloduy Cove and the north side of the entrance to Kruni Cove.

The feature is named after the Captain Joseph Kitchen, Master of the British sealing ship Ann that visited the South Shetland Islands in 1821–22.

Tirizis Island
Tirizis Island (Bulgarian: остров Тиризис, romanized: ostrov Tirizis, IPA: [ˈɔstrof tiˈrizis]) is the rocky island off the east coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 1.05 km in east-west direction and 350 m wide.  It is ending in Kitchen Point to the east, and separated from the main island to the west by a 100 m wide passage formed as a result of glacier retreat in the late first decade of 21st century.

The feature is named after the ancient Thracian town of Tirizis in northeastern Bulgaria.
Liebeskonzil
Liebeskonzil is a 1982 film by Werner Schroeter, based on an 1894 play by Oskar Panizza. It was banned by the Austrian government in 1985, on the grounds that it insulted the Christian religion. In 1994, in the case of Otto-Preminger-Institut v. Austria, the European Court of Human Rights held by 6 votes to 3 that the banning of the film was a justifiable limitation on the freedom of expression, because the film would offend Austrian Roman Catholics. Panzizzi's original work had also led its author to face blasphemy charges in the nineteenth century.

Werner Schroeter
Werner Schroeter (7 April 1945 – 12 April 2010) was a German film director, screenwriter, and opera director known for his stylistic excess. Schroeter was cited by Rainer Werner Fassbinder as an influence both on his own work and on German cinema at large.
The Dillards
The Dillards are an American bluegrass and country rock band from Salem, Missouri. They are notable for being among the first bluegrass groups to have electrified their instruments, and they are considered to be pioneers of country rock and progressive bluegrass. In 2022, the band was inducted into the Bill Monroe Bluegrass Hall of Fame.

Salem, Missouri
Salem is a city in and the county seat of Dent County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,608 at the 2020 census, which allows Salem to become a Class 3 city in Missouri; however, the city has chosen to remain a Class 4 city under Missouri Revised Statutes. Salem is located a few miles north of the Ozark Scenic Riverways and close to Montauk State Park, which contains the headwaters of the Current River.

The name Salem is derived from the Hebrew word Shalom, meaning "peace".
GE Capital
GE Capital was the financial services division of General Electric. Its various units were sold between 2013 and 2021, including the notable spin-off of the North American consumer finance division as Synchrony Financial. Ultimately, only one division of the company remained, GE Energy Financial Services, which was transferred to GE Vernova when General Electric was broken up.

WCSC-TV
WCSC-TV (channel 5) is a television station in Charleston, South Carolina, United States, affiliated with CBS and owned by Gray Media. The station's studios are located in the West Ashley section of Charleston, and its transmitter is located in Awendaw, South Carolina. Both the studio and road are named for long-time WCSC personalities: Bill Sharpe, a news anchor from 1973 until his retirement in 2021, and Charlie Hall, the station's original personality who died just months before its relocation to the current facilities in 1997.
Siege of Tortosa (808–809)
The siege of Tortosa was a military campaign by King Louis the Pious of Aquitaine in 808–809. It was part of a decade of intense activity by Louis against the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in the region of the lower Ebro. The chronology of his campaigns, which must be worked out from both Latin and Arabic sources, is subject to different interpretations.

The siege was begun in 808 by Ingobert, Louis arriving the following year with a larger army and siege train. The earliest reference to trebuchets in western Europe is made in connection with this siege. Louis failed to take Tortosa or force its surrender, but he may have received a formal submission before retiring to his own kingdom. The Arabic sources present him as defeated by a relieving force, while at least one Latin source suggests that the walls were in fact breached.

Mangonel
The mangonel, also called the traction trebuchet, was a type of trebuchet used in Ancient China starting from the Warring States period, and later across Eurasia by the 6th century AD. Unlike the later counterweight trebuchet, the mangonel was operated by people pulling ropes attached to one end of a lever, the other end of which had a sling to launch projectiles.

Although the mangonel required more men to function, it was also less complex and faster to reload than the torsion-powered onager which it replaced in early Medieval Europe. It was replaced as the primary siege weapon in the 12th and 13th centuries by the counterweight trebuchet. A common misconception about the mangonel is that it was a torsion siege engine.
Pugachev's Oak
Pugachev's Oak (Meadow Mari: Пугачёв тумо, Russian: Дуб Пугачёва) is a major tree in Marii Chodra national park, Mari El Republic, Russian Federation. It is estimated to date to about 1500, is 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) in diameter, and 26 m (85 ft) high.

Legend says that after the defeat in the battle of Kazan and retreat to the Mari forests, the rest of Pugachev's troops stayed under the oak, and Pugachev personally watched the burning of Kazan from this oak. However, there are doubts that the particular oak is the tree Pugachev's rebels stayed under, and some researchers consider that tree is estimated to date to about 1650 and at the time of Pugachev revolt it was an ordinary tree. Another major oak tree, estimated to date to about 1400, existed in the nearby fields until  died in the 1940s; it was sawed in the 1950s. It was possibly the original Pugachev's Oak.

Battle of Kazan (1774)
The Battle of Kazan (1774) was a major battle during Pugachev's Rebellion. It took place on 12–15 July 1774 in Kazan, Russia, and the surrounding area. The first stage began in the morning of 12 July, when rebels under Yemelyan Pugachev defeated government troops and besieged them in the Kazan Kremlin. During the battle some government forces defected to the rebels' side. However, in the evening, tsarist forces under Johann Michelson reached Kazan and defeated the rebels in two battles which took place on 13 and 15 July, forcing Pugachev to retreat to Tsaryovokokshaysk and then to cross the Volga. Out of 25,000 and 15,000 rebels who participated in the first and last stages of the battle respectively, only 500 escaped.
Kari Dickson
Kari Dickson is a British translator who specializes in translating works of Norwegian literature into English. She grew up in Edinburgh but spent her summers in Norway with maternal grandparents who did not speak English. She graduated in Scandinavian Studies at UCL, and worked in the theatre for some time. She did literal translations of two Ibsen plays (The Lady from The Sea and Hedda Gabler), which drove her interest in literary translation, eventually leading to an MA degree in translation from the University of Surrey.

Initially she worked as a commercial translator, including several years at the Norwegian central bank. She has since shifted her focus to literature, including literary fiction and non-fiction, Norwegian noir, children's books and stage plays.

She now teaches Norwegian language, literature and translation at the University of Edinburgh.

Erika Fatland
Erika Fatland (born 1983) is a Norwegian anthropologist, critic and writer. Her authorship focuses on travel writing and history. Fatland is the recipient of several awards for her writing and has been translated to twenty languages.

Fatland currently has a ten-year artist’s stipend from the Norwegian Government. She has written seven books.
A Caprice of Darling Caroline
A Caprice of Darling Caroline (French: Un caprice de Caroline chérie) is a 1953 French historical comedy film directed by Jean Devaivre and starring Martine Carol, Jacques Dacqmine and Marthe Mercadier. It is based on the 1950 novel of the same title by Jacques Laurent. It was the sequel to the 1951 hit Darling Caroline. It was shot at the Boulogne Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacques Krauss. It was one of the first French films to be shot in Technicolor.

Jean Devaivre
Jean Devaivre (born Jean Justin Michel de Vaivre; 18 December 1912 – 28 April 2004) was a French film director and screenwriter. Additionally, he worked as a dubbing director, preparing foreign-language films for release in France. The film Safe Conduct (Laissez-passer, 2002) directed by Bertrand Tavernier is based on Devaivre's activities in the French film industry during the wartime Occupation of France.

His brother Louis Devaivre was a film editor.
Duleep Trophy
The Duleep Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket competition in India. Named after former cricketer Duleepsinhji, the competition has usually been contested by teams representing various geographical zones of India since the first tournament in 1961–62. There have been a few exceptions to the zonal format, such as the 2002–03 tournament, where five teams were formed based on Ranji Trophy groups, and the four editions held between 2016–17 and 2019–20, when the BCCI selected three teams called India Blue, Red and Green. The latest 2024-25 edition featured four teams named Team A, B, C and D.

History of cricket in India from 2000–01
This article describes the history of cricket in India from the 2000–01 season to the present.

The Australia national cricket team toured India from February to April 2001 for a three-Test series and a five-match ODI series.
Garth railway station (Powys)
Garth railway station (Powys) serves the village of Garth, Powys, Wales. The railway station is located at street level at the end of the Llais yr Afon lane near the village centre. The station is known as Garth (Powys) in order to differentiate it from Garth (Bridgend).

It formerly had a passing loop and two platforms, but only one is now used (the disused one is overgrown but still visible).

Garth, Powys
Garth is a village in Powys, mid Wales, in the community of Treflys. It lies on the A483 road between Builth Wells and Beulah at the point where the B4519 joins it from the south. The River Irfon flows to the south of the village.

Garth railway station is a request station on the Heart of Wales Line.
Sal Rota
Sal Rota is an American musician, keyboard player, singer and songwriter. He was born in Philadelphia. He was a member of R&B group The Crystal Mansion, along with David White. In his 15 years of performing keyboards, organ and vocals with the Crystal Mansion, Sal recorded 2 albums and opened for acts such as Sly and the Family Stone, Rare Earth, Steppenwolf, and Mahavishnu Orchestra, among many others. Beginning in 1979, he was also a member of The Soul Survivors, known for their hit "Expressway to Your Heart", and then worked at The Springfield Inn with The Rage Band for 12 years.

Sal provided backup vocals on an album by Bernadette Peters.

Soul Survivors (band)
The Soul Survivors are an American, Philadelphia-based, soul and R&B group, founded by New York natives Richie and Charlie Ingui along with Kenny Jeremiah.  The Soul Survivors are known for their 1967 hit single "Expressway to Your Heart", which was the first hit by Philadelphia soul record producers and songwriters Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff.
Shakespeare Fishing Tackle
The Shakespeare Company is a subsidiary of Pure Fishing which manufactures fishing equipment. It was founded by William Shakespeare Jr. in Kalamazoo, Michigan in 1897. It was moved to Columbia, South Carolina in 1970.

In June 2005, approximately 438,000 of their children's fishing kits were recalled after being found to contain lead paint.

William Shakespeare (inventor)
William Shakespeare Jr. (September 21, 1869 – June 25, 1950) was an American inventor.

Shakespeare was born to William Shakespeare, Sr. and Lydia A. Markley in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 1869.

He invented the level-winding fishing reel. Shakespeare also founded and was one of the key people of Shakespeare Fishing Tackle, which he founded in 1897, as a fisherman aiming to improve the fishing-reel mechanism.

He was a traveling salesman of patent medicines.

In addition to numerous fishing-tackle innovations, Shakespeare also received patents for camera equipment and a carburetor.
Snoqualmie Valley School District
The Snoqualmie Valley School District is located in King County, Washington about 40 miles (64 km) east of Seattle in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains. It encompasses over 400 square miles (1,000 km2), making it geographically one of the largest school districts in Washington state. The district has an enrollment of approximately 7,200 students.

King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 12th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the state's most populous city.

Originally named after US representative, senator, and then vice president-elect William R. King in 1852, the county government amended its designation in 1986 to honor Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent activist and leader during the civil rights movement. The change was approved by the state government in 2005.

It is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle metropolitan area along with Snohomish County to the north and Pierce County to the south. About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs, which largely developed in the late 20th century and early 21st century as bedroom communities before becoming job centers for the technology industry.
2011 Seychellois presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Seychelles between 19 and 21 May 2011, commencing on the Outer Islands on 19 May, with Inner Islands voting on 20 May and Mahé on 21 May. The result was a victory for incumbent President James Michel of the Seychelles People's Progressive Front, who received 55% of the vote in the first round.

Wavel Ramkalawan
Wavel Ramkalawan (born 15 March 1961) is a Seychellois politician and Anglican priest who served as the 5th President of Seychelles from 2020 to 2025. Ramkalawan was an opposition MP from 1993 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. He also served as the Leader of the Opposition from 1998 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020. On 25 October 2020, Ramkalawan won the presidential election, the country's first such victory for an opposition candidate since independence, marking its first successful peaceful transition of power. On 11 October 2025, he lost his reelection bid for a second term to Patrick Herminie, a member of the United Seychelles Party.
Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Inheritance
The Prize for Inheritance (Prix du patrimoine) is one of the prizes awarded by the Angoulême International Comics Festival. This award recognizes a new French-language edition of great comics from the past. It has been awarded each year since 2004, from a list of 6-8 finalists.

Kazuo Umezu
Kazuo Umezu or Kazuo Umezz (楳図 かずお, Umezu Kazuo; birth name 楳図一雄; September 3, 1936 – October 28, 2024) was a Japanese manga artist, musician and actor. Starting his career in the 1950s, he is among the most famous artists of horror manga and has been vital for its development, considered the "god of horror manga". In 1960s shōjo manga like Reptilia, he broke the industry's conventions by combining the aesthetics of the commercial manga industry with gruesome visual imagery inspired by Japanese folktales, which created a boom of horror manga and influenced manga artists of following generations. He created successful manga series such as The Drifting Classroom, Makoto-chan and My Name Is Shingo, until he retired from drawing manga in the mid 1990s. He was a public figure in Japan, known for wearing red-and-white-striped shirts and doing his signature "Gwash" hand gesture.
Adam's Mark
Adam's Mark Hotels & Resorts was a chain of upscale hotels in the United States.  The company was headquartered in the HBE Corporation offices in Creve Coeur, Missouri, in Greater St. Louis. Fred Kummer founded the chain in the early 1970s, as well as its parent, HBE Corp.

Creve Coeur, Missouri
Creve Coeur (/ˈkriːv ˈkɔːr/) is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States, that is part of Greater St. Louis. Its population was 18,834 at the 2020 census. Creve Coeur borders and shares a ZIP code (63141) with the neighboring city of Town and Country. It is home to the headquarters of Drury Hotels, and was the home of Monsanto until its acquisition by Bayer in 2018.
Eurymedon Bridge (Selge)
The Eurymedon Bridge (Turkish: Oluk Köprü) is a Roman bridge over the river Eurymedon (modern Köprüçay River) near Selge in Pisidia in southern Turkey. It is part of the road winding up from the coastal region Pamphylia to the Pisidian hinterland. Located 5 km north of the village Beşkonak in a sparsely settled area, the bridge crosses the Eurymedon high above the valley bottom.

The excellently preserved structure is 14 m long and 3.5 m wide (with a roadway of 2.5 m). The clear span of its single arch is c. 7 m, the thickness of its voussoirs, which were set without the use of mortar, 60 cm. The building technique and the sturdy stonework point to a construction date in the 2nd century AD, a time when Selge was flourishing.

Forty-two km downstream at Aspendos, the Eurymedon is crossed by another extant old bridge.

Selge
Selge (Greek: Σέλγη) was an important city in ancient Pisidia and later in Pamphylia, on the southern slope of Mount Taurus, modern Antalya Province, Turkey, at the part where the river Eurymedon River (Turkish: Köprüçay) forces its way through the mountains towards the south.
Geography of Ladakh
Ladakh is an administrative territory of India that has been under its control since 1947. The geographical region of Ladakh union territory is the highest altitude plateau region in India (much of it being over 3,000 m), incorporating parts of the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges and the upper Indus River and valley.

Hanle (village)
Hanle, also spelt Anle, is a large historic village in the Leh district of the Indian union territory of Ladakh. It is located in the Hanle River valley on an old branch of the ancient Ladakh–Tibet trade route. It comprises six hamlets called Bhok, Dhado, Punguk, Khuldo, Naga and a Tibetan Refugee habitation. It is the site of the 17th-century Hanle Monastery of the Drukpa Kagyu branch of Tibetan Buddhism.

Hanle is the home of Hanle observatory (ISO - Indian Astronomical Observatory), the tenth highest on the list of highest astronomical observatories in the world.
Daulat Sultan Khanum
Daultan Sultan Khanum was a princess of the Chagatai Khanate as a daughter of Yunus Khan, the Great Khan of Moghulistan and his second wife Shah Begum. She was also the half-aunt of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire of India as well as its first Emperor.

Yunus Khan
Yunus Khan (c. 1416 – 1487) (Chagatai and Persian: یونس خان), was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death in 1487. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali (Chinese: 哈只阿力, Pinyin: Hazhi Ali; Chagatai and Persian: حاجی علی), of the contemporary Chinese records.  He was the maternal grandfather of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire.

Yunus Khan was a direct male-line descendant of Genghis Khan, through his son Chagatai Khan.
2000 Latvian Higher League
The 2000 season in the Latvian Higher League, named Virslīga, was the tenth domestic competition since the Baltic nation gained independence from the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991. Eight teams competed in this edition, with Skonto FC claiming the title.

Skonto FC
Skonto FC was a Latvian professional football club, active from 1991 until 2016. The club played at the Skonto Stadium in Riga. Skonto won the Virsliga in the first 14 seasons of the league's resumption (15 in total), and often provided the core of the Latvia national football team. With those 14 national championships in a row, they set a European record, across men and women's football combined, until the women of Faroese club KÍ Klaksvík won their 14th championship in a row in 2013.

Following financial problems, the club was demoted to the Latvian First League in 2016 and went bankrupt in December of that year.