hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pertensive
Pertensive marking is to head-marking languages what possessive marking is to dependent-marking languages. For example, in English, a dependent-marking language, possession in the phrase "a person's rodent" is indicated by the placement of the possessive suffix "'s" on the dependent grammatical constituent, "person's," and the head constituent, "rodent," is left unmarked.

In contrast, Shilluk, a language in South Sudan, places a pertensive affix on the head (e.g., dúup = "rodent", dû́uup = "rodent belonging to"). Other languages with pertensive marking are Nungon (in Papua New Guinea), Hungarian, Mansi, and Khanty (both in Siberia). Some languages, such as Martuthunira (in Australia), have both possessive and pertensive marking.

The term was coined by the linguist Robert M. W. Dixon in 2011.

Although one of the main uses of "ezāfe" in Persian is pertensive, it has other functions.

Shilluk language
Shilluk (natively Dhøg Cøllø, [d̪ɔ́(ɡ) cɔ̀llɔ̀]) is a language spoken by the Shilluk people of South Sudan. It is closely related to other Luo languages. The term Shilluk is a pronunciation of Arabic origin.
Superjudge
Superjudge is the second full-length album by American rock band Monster Magnet, released on April 6, 1993. It is the first Monster Magnet album to feature lead guitarist Ed Mundell, who replaced founding member John McBain in 1992. The tracks "Twin Earth" and "Face Down" were released as singles with accompanying music videos.

Monster Magnet
Monster Magnet is an American rock band formed in Red Bank, New Jersey, in 1989 by Dave Wyndorf (vocals and guitar), John McBain (guitar), and Tim Cronin (vocals and drums). The band has since undergone several lineup changes, with Wyndorf remaining the only constant member. Monster Magnet has released 11 studio albums to date and is best known for their 1990s hits "Negasonic Teenage Warhead" and "Space Lord". The band is also credited with developing and popularizing the stoner rock genre, along with Masters of Reality, Kyuss, Fu Manchu, and Sleep.
Fulham Railway Bridge
Fulham Railway Bridge crosses the River Thames in London. It is very close to Putney Bridge, and carries the London Underground District line between Putney Bridge station on the North, and East Putney station on the South. Fulham Railway Bridge can also be crossed on foot, on the downstream (east) side.

Originally referred to by its design engineers W. H. Thomas and William Jacomb as Putney Railway Bridge (which it is still sometimes called) it has no official name, but for over a hundred years it has been known colloquially as "The Iron Bridge".

Putney Bridge tube station
Putney Bridge (/ˈpʌtni ˈbrɪdʒ/) is a London Underground station on the Wimbledon branch of the District line. It is between Parsons Green and East Putney stations and is in London fare zone 2. The station is located in the south of Fulham, adjacent to Fulham High Street and New Kings Road (A308) and is a short distance from the north end of Putney Bridge from which it takes its name.
Campbell Street Gaol
H.M. Gaol Hobart or Campbell Street Gaol, a former Australian maximum security prison for males and females, was located in Hobart, Tasmania. Built by convict labour, the jail operated between 1821 until the early 1960s. In 1961, male inmates were transferred to the H.M. Risdon Prison and in 1963, female inmates were transferred to the Risdon Women's Prison.

Designed in the Georgian Renaissance architectural style by John Lee Archer, what remains of the jail is now managed by the National Trust of Australia (Tasmania) as a historic site.

Risdon Prison Complex
Risdon Prison Complex is an Australian medium to maximum security prison for males located in Risdon Vale, a suburb of Hobart, Tasmania. The facility is operated by the Tasmanian Prison Service, an agency of the Department of Justice of the Government of Tasmania. The facility accepts criminals convicted under Tasmanian and/or Commonwealth legislation.

The complex comprises 219 maximum security cells for males; 84 medium security cells for males; and a 38-bed secure mental health unit called the Wilfred Lopes Centre for Forensic Mental Health. A separate 45-bed women's prison, called the Mary Hutchinson Women's Prison, is located adjacent to the Risdon Prison Complex. The complex was formerly known as HM Prison Risdon.
Otter Creek Township, LaSalle County, Illinois
Otter Creek Township is located in LaSalle County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,970 and it contained 1,247 housing units. Otter Creek was formed from a portion of Bruce Township on an unknown date.

LaSalle County, Illinois
LaSalle County is a county located within the Fox Valley and Illinois River Valley regions of the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 Census, it had a population of 109,658. Its county seat and largest city is Ottawa. LaSalle County is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area of Northern Illinois.

LaSalle County borders Woodford, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, Livingston, Lee, DeKalb, Kendall, and Grundy counties. Though LaSalle County is in the Chicago media market, it retains a unique identity with a mix of river towns and vast expanses of farmland. The county lies at the intersection of the Chicago, Peoria, Quad Cities and Rockford television markets with all four regions broadcasting within its borders and having a strong influence on the area, despite the county being only 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Chicago.
Mast Brothers
Mast is an American artisanal chocolate company headquartered in Brooklyn, New York. The company was founded in 2007 by brothers Rick and Michael Mast from Primghar, Iowa. Mast Brothers, according to Vanity Fair, is "widely credited for introducing artisanal chocolate to mainstream American culture" and has been instrumental in popularizing the bean-to-bar movement in America. However, Mast Brothers has also faced criticism and allegations that for a time after the company's creation, they did not make their chocolate in the "bean-to-bar" style they claimed.

Primghar, Iowa
Primghar is a city in, and the county seat of, O'Brien County, Iowa, United States. The population was 896 at the time of the 2020 census. Primghar is 23.5 miles south of Iowa State Highway 9, 28 miles east of Sioux Center, and 6.75 miles north of Iowa State Highway 10.
West Beirut
West Beirut (Arabic: بيروت الغربية) is a term referring to the western part of Beirut, the Lebanese capital, which became popular during the Lebanese Civil War which lasted from 1975 to 1990, when the city was divided along sectarian lines into two main areas: West Beirut, which was known as the Muslim area, and East Beirut, which was known as the Christian area, with the "Green Line" as a dividing line between them.

Islam in Lebanon
Islam  has a long, continuous history in Lebanon. The majority of the Lebanese population in Lebanon is Muslim, although the precise percentage is difficult to ascertain. The Lebanese constitution officially guarantees freedom of religion for government-registered religions, including five denominations of Islam, although a blasphemy law and restrictions on religious groups that "disturb the public order" exist as well. Under the Taif Agreement, Muslims are allocated proportional representation across multiple governmental positions.

The Lebanese Druze community are sometimes counted as a branch of Islam within Lebanon, though most Druze followers do not consider themselves Muslim and do not follow the Five Pillars of Islam.
Said Mutabar
Said Mutabar (born 2 December 1997) is an Afghan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Speen Ghar Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 1 November 2017. He made his List A debut for Kabul Region in the 2018 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament on 19 July 2018.

2018 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament
The 2018 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament was a List A cricket competition that took place in Afghanistan between 10 and 27 July 2018. It was the second edition of the competition to be played with List A status, following the announcements by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in February and May 2017. Six teams competed; Amo Region, Band-e-Amir Region, Boost Region, Kabul Region, Mis Ainak Region and Speen Ghar Region. Speen Ghar Region were the defending champions.

Following the group stage, Speen Ghar Region and Boost Region finished first and second respectively, and faced each other in the final. Boost Region won the match by five wickets to win the tournament.
Ringworld's Children
Ringworld's Children is a 2004 science fiction novel by American writer Larry Niven, the fourth in the Ringworld series set in the Known Space universe. It describes the continuing adventures of Louis Wu and companions on Ringworld.

Louis Wu
Louis Gridley Wu, a fictional character, is the protagonist in Larry Niven's Ringworld book series.

Louis Wu was born in 2650 to Carlos Wu and Sharrol Janss.  When he appears in Ringworld, Louis is 6′2″ (188 cm) tall. Without "Flatlander" bodypaint, his brown eyes show no discernible slant and his yellow-brown skinned features are a blended fusion of Earth's many races.  Born a "Flatlander", Louis is best known among his friends for inventing the "Sabbatical"—going off alone in a spaceship outside the boundaries of known space until one can tolerate human company again. Louis was the first human being to make contact with the Trinoc species.

He is also the only hominid ever to become a Protector and return to normal (Breeder) state afterward.
Basque music
Basque music refers to the music made in the Basque Country, reflecting traits related to its society/tradition, and devised by people from that territory. While traditionally more closely associated to rural based and Basque language music, the growing diversification of its production during the last decades has tipped the scale in favour of a broad definition.

Mikel Laboa
Mikel Laboa Mancisidor (15 June 1934 – 1 December 2008) was one of the Basque Country's most important singer-songwriters.

Considered the patriarch of Basque music, his music has had an influence on younger generations. A testament to this is the tribute album Txerokee, Mikel Laboaren Kantak ("Cherokee: Songs of Mikel Laboa"), published in 1991 by various younger-generation rock and folk music groups. His album Bat-Hiru ("One-Three") was chosen in a reader poll by the local Diario Vasco newspaper as the greatest Basque album in history. Nearly all of his songs are sung in Basque.
Kanuchi
Kanuchi (Cherokee: ᎧᏅᏥ, ka-nv-tsi; or ᎦᎾᏥ, ga-na-tsi) is a hickory nut soup eaten originally by the Cherokee people and which consists primarily of ground hickory nuts boiled in water. Hickory was the nut of choice (probably the species Carya ovata, known for its natural sweetness), since it is a nut tree endemic to North America, and is known to grow plentifully in those forested areas settled by the Cherokee.

Carya ovata
Carya ovata, the shagbark hickory, is a common hickory native to eastern North America, with two varieties. The trees can grow to quite a large size but are unreliable in their fruit output. The nut is consumed by wildlife and historically by Native Americans, who also used the wood.
Seacon Square
Seacon Square is a large indoor shopping mall in Prawet, Bangkok. It was opened in 1994 in a ceremony presided over by Princess Sirindhorn. The shopping center has a gross leasable area of 180,000 m2 (1,900,000 sq ft), a total area of 500,000 m2 (5,400,000 sq ft) and houses more than 300 stores. The building is 500 metres long, making it one of the largest shopping malls in Thailand. It opens daily at 10:00am.

It was served by Suan Luang Rama IX MRT station on the MRT Yellow Line since 2023.

Suan Luang Rama IX MRT station
Suan Luang Rama IX station (Thai: สถานีสวนหลวง ร.9, RTGS: Sathani Suan Luang Ro Kao, pronounced [sā.tʰǎː.nīː sǔan lǔaŋ rɔ̄ː kâːw]) is a Bangkok MRT station on the Yellow Line. The station is located on Srinagarindra Road in Prawet district, Bangkok. The station has four entrances and is located in front of Seacon Square and Paradise Park shopping malls. It opened on 3 June 2023 as part of trial operations on the line between Samrong and Hua Mak. Although the station is named after Suan Luang Rama IX park, the distance between the park and the station is over 1 km.
Natural Tunnel State Park
Natural Tunnel State Park is a Virginia state park, centered on the Natural Tunnel, a massive naturally formed cave that is so large it is used as a railroad tunnel. It is located in the Appalachian Mountains near Duffield in Scott County, Virginia.

The Natural Tunnel, which is up to 200 feet (61 m) wide and 80 feet (24 m) high, began to form more than a million years ago when groundwater bearing carbonic acid percolated through crevices and slowly dissolved limestone and dolomite bedrock. A small river, which is now called Stock Creek, was diverted underground and it continued to erode the tunnel over many millennia.

The walls of the tunnel show evidence of prehistoric life. Many fossils have been found in the creek bed and in the tunnel walls.

Duffield, Virginia
Duffield is a town in Scott County, Virginia, United States. The population was 73 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.
Felix Gasselich
Felix Gasselich (born 21 December 1955) is an Austrian former footballer who played as a midfielder for Austria Wien, Ajax, LASK Linz, Wiener SC, Grazer AK, Kremser SC and SR Donaufeld Wien, as well as for the Austrian national side.

FK Austria Wien
Fußballklub Austria Wien AG (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊstri̯aː ˈviːn]), known in English as Austria Vienna, and Austria Wien in German-speaking countries, is an Austrian professional association football club from the capital city of Vienna. It has won the most trophies of any Austrian club from the top flight, with 24 Austrian Bundesliga titles and 27 Austrian Cup titles. With 27 victories in the Austrian Cup and six in the Austrian Supercup, Austria Wien is also the most successful club in each of those tournaments. The club reached the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final in 1978, and the semi-finals of the European Cup the season after. The club plays at the Franz Horr Stadium, known as the Generali Arena since a 2010 naming rights deal with an Italian insurance company. Along with their local rivals, they have never been relegated.
McFadden Newell
McFadden Alexander Newell (1824–1894) commissioned and was the first principal of Maryland State Normal School (now Towson University).

Newell was an Irish immigrant who graduated from Trinity College, Dublin. He also taught school in England before settling in Baltimore, Maryland in 1848. He was a professor of natural science at the  Baltimore City College, from 1850 to 1854. In 1865, Newell was asked to establish a state normal school and served as its principal from 1866 to 1890. During this time, he also served as State Superintendent of Public Instruction.

As Principal at MSNS, he improved both teacher education and public school instruction, set admissions standards for the Normal School and refined the school's curriculum.

Baltimore City College
Baltimore City College, known colloquially as City, City College, and B.C.C., is a college preparatory school with a classical liberal arts focus in Baltimore, Maryland. Opened in October 1839, B.C.C. is one of oldest active public high schools in the United States. City College is a public exam school and an International Baccalaureate World School at which students in the ninth and tenth grades participate in the IB Middle Years Programme while students in the eleventh and twelfth grades participate in the IB Diploma Programme.

The school is situated on Collegian Hill, its  38 acres (0.15 km2) hilltop campus located in the Coldstream-Homestead-Montebello neighborhood in Northeast Baltimore. The main academic campus building, a designated National Historic Landmark, is constructed of granite and limestone in a Collegiate Gothic architectural style and features a 200-foot-tall (61 m) Gothic tower.
Jack Higgins
Henry Patterson (27 July 1929 – 9 April 2022), commonly known by his pen name Jack Higgins, was a British author. He was a best-selling author of popular thrillers and espionage novels. His novel The Eagle Has Landed (1975) sold more than 50 million copies and was adapted into a successful 1976 movie of the same title.

Some of his other notable books are A Prayer for the Dying (1973), The Eagle Has Flown (1991), Thunder Point (1993), Angel of Death (1995), Flight of Eagles (1998), and Day of Reckoning (2000). His 85 novels in total have sold more than 250 million copies and have been translated into 55 languages.

Day of Reckoning (novel)
Day Of Reckoning is a mafia-themed novel by Jack Higgins, first published in 2000. It is one of a series of books featuring the ex-IRA philosopher/killer Sean Dillon as the antihero. It debuted at No. 6 on the Publishers Weekly bestseller list for fiction.
Townshend Dam
Townshend Dam is a dam in Townshend, Windham County, Vermont.

The earthen dam was constructed in 1961 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers with a height of 126 feet and a length of 1700 feet at its crest.  It impounds Vermont's West River for flood control and seasonal storm water management.  The dam is owned and operated by the Corps of Engineers. Its National ID number is VT00004.

The riverine reservoir it creates, Townshend Lake, has a normal water surface of 95 acres, a maximum storage capacity of 54,300 acre-feet, and a normal storage capacity of 800 acre-feet.  Recreation includes fishing (for smallmouth bass, brown and rainbow trout), boating and hiking, along with facilities at the nearby Townshend State Park.

Windham County, Vermont
Windham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,905. The shire town (county seat) is Newfane, and the largest municipality is the town of Brattleboro.
Ivan Olshansky
Ivan Olshanski or Olshansky (died in or after 1402) was a member of the Lithuanian princely Alšėniškiai (Holshansky) family. Historians only know his father's name, Algimantas. Ivan was a faithful companion of Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania. They both were married to daughters of Sudimantas of Eišiškės. Ivan's daughter Juliana became the third wife of Vytautas in 1418. His granddaughter Sophia became the fourth wife of King Władysław Jagiełło in 1424.

His patrimony consisted of Halshany, Iwye, Hlusk, Porechye and others.

Vytautas the Great
Vytautas the Great (/vɪˈtaʊtəs/; c. 1350 – 27 October 1430) was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, first as regent for his cousin Jogaila (1392–1401) and then as the Grand Duke alongside him (1401–1430). He was also the prince of Grodno (1370–1382) and the prince of Lutsk (1387–1389), as well claimant to the titles of King of the Hussites and King of Lithuania.

In modern Lithuania, Vytautas is revered as a national hero and was an important figure in the national rebirth in the 19th century. Vytautas is a popular male given name in Lithuania. In commemoration of the 500-year anniversary of his death, Vytautas Magnus University was named after him. Monuments in his honour were built in many towns in independent Lithuania during the interwar period from 1918 to 1939. Vytautas knew and spoke the Lithuanian language with his cousin Jogaila.
Seymour Benzer
Seymour Benzer (October 15, 1921 – November 30, 2007) was an American physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist. His career began during the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, and he eventually rose to prominence in the fields of molecular and behavioral genetics. He led a productive genetics research lab both at Purdue University and as the James G. Boswell Professor of Neuroscience, emeritus, at the California Institute of Technology.

Canada Gairdner International Award
The Canada Gairdner International Award is given annually by the Gairdner Foundation at a special dinner to five individuals for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science. Receipt of the Gairdner is traditionally considered a precursor to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine; as of 2020, 98 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to prior Gairdner recipients.

Canada Gairdner International Awards are given annually in the amount of $100,000 (each) payable in Canadian funds and can be awarded to residents of any country in the world. A joint award may be given for the same discovery or contribution to medical science, but in that case each awardee receives a full prize.
Joel Hoekstra
Joel Hoekstra (born December 13, 1970) is an American musician best known for his position as one of the final guitarists of the hard rock band Whitesnake. He also tours as a guitarist for Trans-Siberian Orchestra. The son of classical musicians, he started out playing cello and piano at a young age, but it was hearing Angus Young of AC/DC that inspired him to start playing the guitar. He was raised in the suburbs of Chicago, in Orland Park, but has lived in New York City since 2001.

Hoekstra has performed with Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Cher, and Night Ranger, among many others, and was the lead guitarist in the Broadway musical, Rock of Ages. He also made a cameo appearance alongside Sebastian Bach, Nuno Bettencourt, Kevin Cronin and Debbie Gibson in the big screen movie adaptation of Rock of Ages.

Flesh & Blood (Whitesnake album)
Flesh & Blood is the thirteenth and final studio album by British hard rock band Whitesnake, released on 10 May 2019 through Frontiers Records. A music video was released for the lead single "Shut Up & Kiss Me". The album reached number 7 on the UK Albums Chart and topped the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart, selling 4,894 copies on its first release.
Leo D. Sullivan
Leo D. Sullivan (c. 1940 – March 25, 2023) was an American writer and director of animated films, and a pioneer in black animation. With Floyd Norman, who he met working on Beanie and Cecil, he launched Vignette Films, later Vignette Multimedia, and worked on the original animated Soul Train logo. They also produced short films geared toward a high school audience on leaders in the African-American community.

Sullivan worked for Bob Clampett Productions as an animation cel polisher before moving up to working as an artist and animator. Over a more than sixty year career, he and his wife collaborated on improving animation for black children. His company, Leo Sullivan Multimedia, is behind brands such as AfroKids.

Sullivan and Norman's work was recognized by the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame in 1991 and Sullivan received an Emmy in 1992 as a Timing Director.
Interviews of Sullivan are featured prominently in the documentary Floyd Norman: An Animated Life (2016) by Michael Fiore.

Floyd Norman
Floyd Ernest Norman (born June 22, 1935) is an American animator, writer, artist and cartoonist. Over the course of his career, he has worked for various animation companies, among them Walt Disney Animation Studios, Hanna-Barbera Productions, Ruby-Spears, Film Roman and Pixar.