hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
U.S. Route 23 in Virginia
U.S. Route 23 (US 23) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Jacksonville, Florida, to Mackinaw City, Michigan. In Virginia, the U.S. Highway runs 60.80 miles (97.85 km) from the Tennessee state line near Weber City north to the Kentucky state line near Pound. US 23, which is known as Orby Cantrell Highway for most of its course, is a four-lane divided highway that follows Corridor B of the Appalachian Development Highway System through Southwest Virginia. The U.S. Highway serves as the main east–west highway of Scott County and the primary north–south highway of Wise County. US 23 runs concurrently with US 58 from Weber City to Duffield and with US 58 Alternate (US 58 Alt.) between Big Stone Gap and the independent city of Norton.

Norton, Virginia
Norton is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, located in the far western tip of the state and surrounded by Wise County, Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,687, making it the least populous city in Virginia. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Norton with surrounding Wise County for statistical purposes.
Samuel Osgood
Samuel Osgood (February 3, 1747 – August 12, 1813) was an American merchant and statesman born in Andover, Massachusetts, currently a part of North Andover, Massachusetts. His family home still stands at 440 Osgood Street in North Andover and his home in New York City, the Samuel Osgood House, served as the country's first Presidential mansion. He served in the Massachusetts and New York State legislatures, represented Massachusetts in the Continental Congress and was the fourth Postmaster General of the United States (the first under the current Constitution), serving during George Washington's first term.

In 1812, he was elected the first president of the newly formed City Bank of New York, which later became Citibank, predecessor of today's Citigroup.

Citibank
Citibank, N.A. ("N. A." stands for "National Association"; stylized as citibank) is the primary U.S. banking subsidiary of Citigroup, a financial services multinational corporation. Citibank was founded in 1812 as City Bank of New York, and later became First National City Bank of New York. The bank has branches in 19 countries. The U.S. branches are concentrated in six metropolitan areas: New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Miami.

As of 2023, Citibank is the third-largest bank in the United States in terms of assets.
Jamesville Colony, South Dakota
Jamesville Colony is a census-designated place (CDP) and Hutterite colony in Yankton County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 110 at the 2020 census. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

It is in the northwest part of the county, on the north side of the James River. It is 9 miles (14 km) north of Utica and 20 miles (32 km) north-northwest of Yankton, the county seat.

Yankton County, South Dakota
Yankton County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,310, making it the 9th most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Yankton. Yankton County comprises the Yankton, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Regut
Regut [ˈrɛɡut] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Celestynów, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

The village is home to the sports club RKS Bór Regut. From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Warsaw Voivodeship, which is now part of Masovian Voivodeship.

Gmina Celestynów
Gmina Celestynów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Celestynów, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Otwock and 33 km (21 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 88.92 square kilometres (34.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 11,032.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Masovian Landscape Park.
Nathaniel Lammons
Nathaniel Lammons (born August 12, 1993) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career-high ATP ranking of world No. 17 in doubles, achieved on 27 January 2025. He has won 10 ATP doubles titles.

A former player at Southern Methodist University, Lammons turned professional in 2016. Lammons sealed his top 100 doubles debut in July 2019, a year in which he won four doubles titles from seven doubles finals reached as he broke through on the ATP Challenger Tour. In 2022, he won his first two career ATP Tour doubles titles in San Diego and Seoul, earning him his top 50 debut. Together with partner Jackson Withrow in 2023, Lammons reached his first ATP 500 final in Acapulco and his first ATP Masters 1000 semifinal in Miami. In 2024, he made his first Grand Slam semifinal at the 2024 US Open with Withrow and reached the top 20.

Nikola Mektić
Nikola Mektić (born 24 December 1988) is a Croatian professional tennis player who is a former world No. 1 in doubles.

He is a two-time Grand Slam champion, having won the 2021 Wimbledon Championships in men's doubles partnering compatriot Mate Pavić, and the 2020 Australian Open with Barbora Krejčíková in mixed doubles. Mektić also finished runner-up at the 2020 US Open with Wesley Koolhof and at the 2022 Wimbledon Championships with Pavić in men's doubles, and the 2018 US Open with Alicja Rosolska in mixed doubles.

He became world No. 1 in men's doubles in October 2021, the second Croatian to reach this ranking. Mektić has won 33 doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including 10 at Masters 1000 level with five different partners. He also won the 2020 ATP Finals with Koolhof. In singles, he reached his highest ranking of world No. 213 in May 2013. Mektić was part of the Croatian team which won the 2018 Davis Cup, and won men's doubles gold at the 2020 Olympic Games alongside Pavić.
Totenkopf
Totenkopf (German: [ˈtoːtn̩ˌkɔpf], lit. 'dead person's head') is a German compound word for death's head. The word is often used to denote a figurative, graphic or sculptural symbol, common in Western culture, consisting of the representation of a human skull – usually frontal, more rarely in profile with or without the mandible. In some cases, other human skeletal parts may be added, often including two crossed long bones (femurs) depicted below or behind the skull (when it may be referred to in English as a "skull and crossbones"). The human skull is an internationally used symbol for death, the defiance of death, danger, or the dead, as well as piracy or toxicity.

In English, the term Totenkopf is commonly associated with 19th- and 20th-century German militarism, particularly in Nazi Germany.

The German word for skull, used in medical and other contexts, is Schädel; it lacks all military and other associations.

17th Lancers
The 17th Lancers (Duke of Cambridge's Own) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1759 and notable for its participation in the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War. The regiment was amalgamated with the 21st Lancers to form the 17th/21st Lancers in 1922.
Sisilia Seavula
Sisilia Seavula (born November 15, 1995) is a Fijian sprinter. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the Women's 100 metres event. She progressed from the first preliminary round with a time of 12.34 seconds. In the quarterfinal round, Seavula finished with a time of 12.48 seconds. She did not advance to the semifinals. She attended  St Joseph's Secondary School, Fiji where she won the blue ribbon event in the 100m.

St Joseph's Secondary School, Fiji
St Joseph's Secondary School is an all-girls school located in Suva, Fiji. The school was founded in 1956 and has established itself as one of the top schools around the country, progressing in the fields of academics and sports. The counterpart school for boys is Marist Brothers High School  located in Flagstaff in Fiji.
Ernst Schering Prize
The Ernst Schering Prize is awarded annually by the Ernst Schering Foundation for especially outstanding basic research in the fields of medicine, biology or chemistry anywhere in the world. Established in 1991 by the Ernst Schering Research Foundation, and named after the German apothecary and industrialist, Ernst Christian Friedrich Schering, who founded the Schering Corporation, the prize is now worth €50,000.

Ernst Christian Friedrich Schering
Ernst Christian Friedrich Schering (31 May 1824 – 27 December 1889) was a German apothecary and industrialist who created the Schering Corporation. The company split into Schering AG and Schering-Plough after US assets were seized during World War II.
Kalinjar Fort
Kalinjar is a fortress-city in Banda district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was ruled by several dynasties, including the Guptas, the Vardhana dynasty, the Chandelas, Solankis of Rewa, Mughals and the Marathas.

The fortress has several temples dating back to the Gupta dynasty of the 3rd–5th centuries. It is strategically located on an isolated rocky hill at the end of the Vindhya Range, overlooking the plains of Bundelkhand.

Kalinjar Fort is located on the Vindhya mountain range in Banda district. The fort is famous for its strong walls and massive gates. It houses several ancient temples, among which a Shiva temple holds special significance. The Neelkanth Mahadev Temple of Kalinjar is considered very ancient and sacred. According to legend, it is believed that Lord Shiva consumed the poison that emerged during the churning of the ocean (Samudra Manthan) at this very place. Every year, a fair is held here on the occasion of Kartik Purnima.

Rewa (princely state)
Rewa State, also known as Rewah, was a kingdom and later princely state of India, surrounding its eponymous capital, the town of Rewa.

Rewa was one of the largest princely states in the Bagelkhand Agency and the second largest in Central India Agency. Rewa was also the third-wealthiest principality in Central India, with an average revenue of 2.9 million rupees in 1901. The Bagelkhand Agency was dissolved in 1933, following which Rewa was placed under the authority of the Indore Residency. Rewah state had a 15-gun salute.
Praemium Imperiale
The Praemium Imperiale (Japanese: 高松宮殿下記念世界文化賞, romanized: Takamatsu-no-miya Denka Kinen Sekai Bunka-shō, lit. 'World Culture Prize in Memory of His Imperial Highness Prince Takamatsu') is an international art prize inaugurated in 1988 and awarded since 1989 by the Imperial family of Japan on behalf of the Japan Art Association in the fields of painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and theatre/film.

The prize consists of a gold medal and 15 million Japanese yen, and was created by the Fujisankei Communications Group, which pays the expenses of around $3 million per year. The prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions to the development, promotion and progress of the arts.

Japan Art Association
The Japan Art Association (Japanese: 公益財団法人日本美術協会, Nihon Bijutsu Kyōkai) is a Japanese art organization, whose origins trace to Ryuchikai (龍池会), founded in 1879 during the Meiji period.  Reorganized under imperial patronage in the late 1880s, the Association promoted exhibitions and publications, later establishing the Ueno Royal Museum, Today, it organizes the Praemium Imperiale and is affiliated with the Fujisankei Communications Group, a major Japanese media conglomerate.
Iain Martin
Iain James Martin (born 2 October 1971) is a British journalist, broadcaster and author who wrote a weekly column for The Times from 2016 to 2025. He is co-founder, editor and publisher of Reaction.life, a news site providing analysis and opinion on politics, economics and culture. He is a former editor of The Scotsman and Scotland on Sunday, and an author of books on the financial crisis and the City of London.

Martin is director of the London Defence Conference, an annual geopolitical gathering held since 2022 at King's College London every May.

Martin founded Engelsberg Ideas, the international publishing arm of the Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundation, based in Sweden.

London Defence Conference
The London Defence Conference (LDC) is an annual defence and security event convening in London since its establishment in 2022. It is hosted by the King's College London School of Security Studies at Bush House.
Capture of Nam Định (1883)
The Capture of Nam Định (27 March 1883), a confrontation between the French and the Vietnamese, was one of the early engagements of the Tonkin Campaign (1883–86). In a brief campaign in the last week of March 1883, Commandant Henri Rivière captured the citadel of Nam Định, the second-largest city in Tonkin, with a flotilla of gunboats and a battalion of marine infantry.

Rivière's seizure of Nam Định marked a significant escalation of French ambitions in Tonkin, and had important consequences. China began to covertly support the Vietnamese government in its opposition to French colonization. Chinese involvement in Tonkin ultimately resulted in the nine-month Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885).

Tonkin
Tonkin (Chinese: 東京), also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is an exonym referring to the area surrounding the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain of Đàng Ngoài, under the control of the Trịnh lords, encompassing both the Northern and Thanh–Nghệ regions, north of the Gianh River at the 17.7th parallel. From 1884 to early 1945, the term referred to the French protectorate of Tonkin, which comprised only the Northern region, approximately north of the 20th parallel.
Barekese Dam
Barekese Dam is a dam on the Ofin River that supports the main water treatment plant for Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, supplying about 80 percent of the potable water for the city and its surrounding environs. It is operated by the Ghana Water Company.

Ofin River
The Ofin River is an easterly-flowing waterway in Ghana. It flows through the Tano Ofin Reserve in Ghana's Atwima Mponua District.

The Ofin riverbed is 90 metres above mean sea level. The Ofin has cut steep side channels, average depth 12–15 metres, into the rolling terrain over which it flows.

The Ofin and the Pra rivers form the boundary between Ghana's Ashanti region and Central region. Dunkwa-on-Offin is a major town on the river.

Gold is mined from the river's sediment.
Movin' It On
Movin' It On is a live album by American folk singer Odetta, released in 1987. It is a recording of a concert at The Wisconsin Union Theatre, Madison, Wisconsin and was her first release in 12 years. It is out of print.

Odetta
Odetta Holmes (December 31, 1930 – December 2, 2008), known as Odetta, was an American singer, often referred to as "The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement". Her musical repertoire consisted largely of American folk music, blues, jazz, and spirituals.

An important figure in the American folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s, she influenced many of the key figures of the folk-revival of that time, including Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Mavis Staples, and Janis Joplin. In 2011 Time magazine included her recording of "Take This Hammer" on its list of the 100 Greatest Popular Songs, stating that "Rosa Parks was her No. 1 fan, and Martin Luther King Jr. called her the queen of American folk music."
Daz Dillinger
Delmar Drew Arnaud (born May 25, 1973), known professionally as Daz Dillinger or simply Daz (formerly Dat Nigga Daz), is an American rapper and record producer. As a member of Death Row Records in the early 1990s, he is credited with the label in pioneering West Coast hip hop and gangsta rap for mainstream audiences. Alongside Kurupt, he formed the hip hop duo Tha Dogg Pound in 1992, with whom he has released eight albums.

Arnaud learned production from Dr. Dre; his first major production credit was on Dre's debut solo album, The Chronic (1992). He further produced for his cousin, Snoop Dogg's debut album Doggystyle (1993), as well as Tupac Shakur's All Eyez on Me (1996). His debut studio album, Retaliation, Revenge and Get Back (1998) peaked within the top ten of the Billboard 200 and served as his only project with Death Row before founding his own label, Gangsta Advisory Records in 2000 and co-founding D.P.G. Recordz with Soopafly that same year.

West Coast hip-hop
West Coast hip-hop is a regional genre of hip-hop music that encompasses any artists or music that originated in the West Coast of the United States. West Coast hip-hop began to dominate from a radio play and sales standpoint during the early to-mid 1990s with the birth of G-funk and the emergence of record labels such as Suge Knight and Dr. Dre's Death Row Records, Ice Cube's Lench Mob Records, the continued success of Eazy-E's Ruthless Records, Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment, and many others. Though the term "West Coast hip hop" may also be used to describe Northwest hip-hop and other movements from the Western U.S., it is primarily associated with the state of California, especially Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area.
Saimaa Canal
The Saimaa Canal (Finnish: Saimaan kanava; Swedish: Saima kanal; Russian: Сайменский канал) is a transportation canal that connects lake Saimaa with the Gulf of Finland near Vyborg, Russia. The canal was built from 1845 to 1856 and opened on 7 September [O.S. 26 August] 1856. It was overhauled and widened in 1963–1968.

A system of inland waterways and canals in the 120 interconnected lakes of the south-central and south-east part of Finland (Finnish Lakeland) are reached through the canal. The network of deep channels in Lake Saimaa with at least a draught of 4.2 m (14 ft) covers 814 km (506 mi). The deep channels extend all the way to Kuopio in Central Finland. The canal is closed in the winter.

Finnish Lakeland
Finnish Lakeland or the Finnish lake district (Finnish: Järvi-Suomi [ˈjærʋiˌsuo̯mi], "Lake Finland", Swedish: Insjöfinland) is a large landscape region in central eastern Finland.

The hilly, forest-covered landscape of Lakeland Finland's lake plateau is dominated by drumlins and by long sinuous eskers. Both are glacial remnants deposited after the continental glaciers that scoured and gouged the country's surface receded about 10,000 years ago.

The lake basins of the lakeland originate from the joint work of weathering and erosion of fractures in the bedrock. The erosion that made the depressions occurred before and during the Quaternary ice ages. Erosion along fractures has produced linear inlets among the lakes.
Peter Pan (franchise)
Peter Pan is a media franchise owned by The Walt Disney Company, based on J. M. Barrie's original 1904 play and 1911 novel, which officially commenced with the 1952 theatrical film Peter Pan. The spin-off film series Tinker Bell has continued this franchise into the 21st century.

The franchise is about Peter Pan, a boy who lives in Neverland and refuses to enter the human world and grow up. He takes Wendy Darling's family to his home and shows them around, and together they aim to foil the plan of the evil and vengeful Captain Hook.

The character Tinker Bell is also part of the Disney Fairies franchise.

Curve Games
Curve Games Limited (formerly Curve Digital Limited and Curve Studios Limited) is a British video game publisher and former video game developer based in London, founded in 2005 by Jason Perkins. It focuses on the publishing of indie games.
I Like (Jeremih song)
"I Like" (stylised as "i Like") is a song by American singer Jeremih and is produced by Mick Schultz. The song features rapper Ludacris. It is the lead single from his second album All About You. The song was released to iTunes on July 6, 2010, by Def Jam.

Mick Schultz
Michael Abram Schultz (born March 30, 1989) is an American music producer and songwriter. He is best known for his work with R&B singer Jeremih, having produced for the near-entirety of his discography. Schultz has been credited on his singles "Birthday Sex", "Down on Me", and "Don't Tell 'Em", each of which have peaked within the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100. For other artists, Schultz has also produced the songs "Desperado" for Rihanna and "Replay" for Zendaya, with further credits on albums and singles by Kelly Clarkson, SoMo, Jenna Andrews, and Jessie James Decker, among others.
BlogPAC
BlogPAC was a political action committee founded in 2004 by Markos Moulitsas and Jerome Armstrong focused on progressive bloggers and politics online. In 2006, Chris Bowers and Matt Stoller took over BlogPAC from Moulitsas and Armstrong. Instead of channeling money to electoral campaigns, the mission was refocused "to defend the netroots and improve the quality of online activism". In 2007 BlogPAC organized progressive bloggers in several states, and offered microgrants to progressive bloggers through the 50 State Blog Project run by Laura Packard. Later that year, BlogPAC ran a contest to fund progressive entrepreneurs for infrastructure building. In 2009, BlogPAC funded the website software platform SoapBlox. BlogPAC was active until 2012.

Chris Bowers
Chris Bowers (born January 23, 1974) is a blogger for DailyKos and a manager of their email list.  He was a blogger and co-founder of OpenLeft, and was until July 2007 a front-page blogger for MyDD.  His focus is on polling and data-driven analysis of US politics, as well as of the blogosphere.

Bowers was a member of the Pennsylvania State Democratic Committee, representing the 8th district of the Pennsylvania State Senate, and a former resident of Philadelphia. Now he resides in Washington D.C. He is a former union organizer, and a strong supporter of organized labor.

Bowers has overseen netroots surveys that he says demonstrate that progressive Internet activists are driven more by partisanship and pragmatism than far-left ideology, and that show bloggers are influential on rank and file Democrats.
William B. Branch
William Blackwell Branch (September 11, 1927 – November 3, 2019) was an American playwright who was also involved in many aspects of entertainment, including journalism, media production, editing, a short-lived career acting for television as well as talking on the radio. He "wrote, directed, and produced extensively for the stage, television, radio, and his own media consulting and production firm".

A Wreath for Udomo
A Wreath for Udomo is a 1956 novel by the South African novelist Peter Abrahams.  The novel follows a London-educated black African, Michael Udomo, who returns to Africa to become a revolutionary leader in the fictional country of Panafrica and is eventually martyred.  The novel explores a revolutionary politics, exploring the diversity of actors and political communities needed to overcome colonial oppression.

The novel was controversial at the time of its publication, because it represented revolutionary independence from a tropical African country, before the first such independence by the Gold Coast.  Critic Bernth Lindfors described the character of Udomo as being modeled off real revolutionary leaders in Africa, including Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta and Nnamdi Azikiwe.