hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannes Hartlieb
Johannes Hartlieb (c. 1410 – 18 May 1468) was a physician of Late Medieval Bavaria, probably of a family from Neuburg an der Donau. He was in the employment of Louis VII of Bavaria and Albert VI of Austria in the 1430s,  and of Albert III of Bavaria from 1440, and of the latter's son Sigismund from 1456. 
In 1444, he married Sibilla, possibly the daughter of Albert and Agnes Bernauer.
Hartlieb wrote a compendium on herbs in ca. 1440, and in 1456 the puch aller verpoten kunst, ungelaubens und der zaubrey (book on all forbidden arts, superstition and sorcery) on the artes magicae, containing the oldest known description of witches' flying ointment.
Hartlieb also produced German translations of various classical and medieval authors (Trotula, Macrobius, Gilbertinus, Muscio).

Flying ointment
Flying ointment is a substance described in European folklore and early modern witch trials as enabling witches to fly, often on broomsticks. These ointments were believed to contain hallucinogenic plants and were linked to the superstition of witches flying at night to Witches' Sabbaths.
Belledune
Belledune is a port village in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It has a population of 1,325, and straddles the boundary between Restigouche County and Gloucester County, New Brunswick.

The community of Belledune was created through the amalgamation of Jacquet River, Armstrong Brook, and Belledune in 1994. The community dubbed itself a "Supervillage" after this amalgamation. Belledune's population meets the requirements as a "Town" under the Municipalities Act of the Province of New Brunswick, but it has not requested a change in municipal status and therefore remains as a village.

Belledune is one of the few municipalities not significantly affected by the province's 2023 local governance reforms.

Jacquet River, New Brunswick
Jacquet River is a community in the village of Belledune in Restigouche County, New Brunswick. Previously, it was a village until 1994, when it amalgamated into Belledune.

It has an elementary and middle school, which is also used by the surrounding communities. It has a grocery store, along with a few locally owned convenience stores. It has a municipal park, which is maintained by the village. A song from the 1970s by Canadian artist Ray Griff references Jacquet River.
22nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division
The 22nd Guards Donbass Red Banner Heavy Bomber Aviation Division is a division of the Russian Aerospace Force's Long-Range Aviation branch having previously been a Soviet Air Forces formation. It was a Long Range Aviation division active from 1942 to 2008–9. Included in the 37th Air Army High Command. Commander of the division was Major General Alexander Blazhenko. It saw illustrious service during the Second World War, including supply of the Red Army in the Demyansk Pocket and the bombing of Berlin.

Engels-2 air base
Engels-2 (Russian: Энгельс) is a strategic bomber military airbase in Russia located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of Saratov. Engels is a major bomber operations base, and is Russia's sole operating location for the Tupolev Tu-160 (NATO: Blackjack) strategic bomber. The base has a 3,500-metre (11,500 ft) runway and about 10 large revetments. It is named after the nearby city of Engels, which is named after the Communist philosopher, Friedrich Engels.

As of 2022, the base was home to the 121st Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment with the Tu-160M and 184th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment with the Tupolev Tu-95MS (NATO: Bear-H) of the 22nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division.

Aircraft from the 121st and 184th attacked Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine has launched multiple drone attacks on the airbase since December 2022.
John Hewitt (entrepreneur)
John T. Hewitt (born 1949) is an American businessman who is the co-founder of Jackson Hewitt, founder of Liberty Tax Service, and CEO of ATAX. Between 1998 and 2017, Hewitt was CEO, chairman and president of Liberty Tax. Hewitt was a pioneer in the development and use of specialized tax-preparation software, which became the industry's standard practice.

Jackson Hewitt
Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc. is the second largest tax-preparation service in the United States; responsible for preparing over 2 million federal, state, and local income-tax returns each year.

The headquarters is located in Jersey City, New Jersey. It operated more than 6,000 franchised and company-owned locations throughout the United States, including nearly 3,000 located in Walmart stores nationwide.

In January 1998, the Cendant Corporation, a consumer conglomerate, purchased Jackson Hewitt in a transaction valued at approximately $480 million. In 2004, Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc. was spun off as a separate company.
The League of Gentlemen (film)
The League of Gentlemen is a 1960 British heist action comedy film directed by Basil Dearden and starring Jack Hawkins, Nigel Patrick, Roger Livesey and Richard Attenborough. It is based on John Boland's 1958 novel of the same name, and features a screenplay written by Bryan Forbes, who also co-starred in the film.

In the film, former officers of the British Army plan a bank robbery in the City of London. They raid an army training camp in Dorset to get the weapons they need, and frame the Irish Republican Army (IRA) for the raid.

Heist film
The heist film or caper film is a subgenre of crime films and the caper story, focused on the planning, execution, and aftermath of a significant robbery.

One of the early defining heist films was The Asphalt Jungle (1950), which according to Film Genre 2000, "almost single-handedly popularized the genre for mainstream cinema". It featured robbers whose personal failings ultimately led to the failure of their robbery. Similar films using this formula were Armored Car Robbery (1950), The Killing (1956), and The Getaway (1972). By the 1990s, heist films began to "experiment and play with these conventions", incorporating elements such as comedy into their stories.
Helgi the Sharp (Ringerike)
In Ragnarssona þáttr, Helgi the Sharp, prince of Ringerike (Old Norse: Helgi Hvassi) was a grandson of king Ring II of Ringerike and the brother of Guðrøðr, the king of Ringerike and they lived in the 9th century.

Ragnar Lodbrok's sons Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, Björn Ironside and Hvitserk had raided in France and after Björn had gone home to Sweden, his brothers were attacked by emperor Arnulf of Carinthia. In the battle 100,000 Danes and Norwegians fell, including Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye and king Guðrøðr.

Helgi escaped from the battle with Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye's banner, sword and shield. He went to Denmark and informed Sigurd's mother Aslaug of her loss. Since the next king, Harthacnut, was still too young to rule, Helgi stayed in Denmark as its regent. There, Helgi married Harthacanute's twin sister, also named Aslaug, and they had the son Sigurd Hart.

Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye (Old Norse: Sigurðr ormr í auga) or Sigurd Ragnarsson was a semi-legendary Viking warrior and Danish king active from the mid to late 9th century. According to multiple saga sources and Scandinavian histories from the 12th century and later, he is one of the sons of the legendary Viking Ragnar Lodbrok and Aslaug. His historical prototype might have been the Danish King Sigfred who ruled briefly in the 870s. Norwegian kings' genealogies of the Middle Ages name him as an ancestor of Harald Fairhair and used his mother's supposed ancestry to Völsung in order to create an ancestry between Harald and his descendants and Odin.
Gordon Krantz
Gordon "Gord" Krantz (born April 20, 1937) is a Canadian politician who serves as the current mayor of Milton. He was first elected mayor in 1980, after serving as town councillor from 1965 to 1980. He has been re-elected for a total of 21 terms (7 as councillor and 14 as mayor). With his re-election in 2014, Krantz surpassed the retired Hazel McCallion as Ontario's longest-serving mayor on December 1, 2016, and the longest-serving mayor of a major municipality in Canada. He was re-elected by a 1,000 vote margin in the 2022 municipal election.

Milton, Ontario
Milton (2021 census population 132,979) is a town in Southern Ontario, Canada, and part of the Halton Region in the Greater Toronto Area. Between 2001 and 2011, Milton was the fastest growing municipality in Canada, with a 71.4% increase in population from 2001 to 2006 and another 56.5% increase from 2006 to 2011. In 2016, Milton's census population was 110,128 with an estimated growth to 228,000 by 2031. It remained the fastest growing community in Ontario but was deemed to be the sixth fastest growing in Canada at that time.

Milton is located 54 km (34 mi) west of Downtown Toronto on Highway 401, and is the western terminus for the Milton line commuter train and bus corridor operated by GO Transit. Milton is situated on the Niagara Escarpment, a UNESCO world biosphere reserve and the Bruce Trail.
Seddouk
Seddouk (Arabic: صَدُوق) is a commune in northern Algeria in the Béjaïa Province. The Béni Mansour–Bejaïa railway traverses this community.

Algeria portal

36°33′N 4°41′E﻿ / ﻿36.550°N 4.683°E﻿ / 36.550; 4.683

Béjaïa Province
The Béjaïa Province (Arabic: ولاية بجاية, Wilāyat Bijāyah) is a province of Algeria in the Kabylie region. Its population was 984,050 inhabitants in 2019, with a density of 305 km2. The province's capital city is Béjaïa, the terminus of the Béni Mansour–Bejaïa railway.

Gouraya National Park is located in Béjaïa Province. A population of an endangered primate species, the Barbary macaque, is found within the park; this primate has a severely restricted and disjunctive range.
Lord's Wood, Dittisham
Lord's Wood is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within the South Devon National Landscape in Devon, England. It is located 2km north of the town of Dartmouth on the banks of the River Dart near the village of Dittisham. This woodland is protected as it is an excellent example of oak-hazel-ash woodland.

Dittisham
Dittisham /ˈdɪtsəm/ is a village and civil parish in the South Hams district of the English county Devon.  It is situated on the west bank of the tidal River Dart, 2 miles (3.2 km) upstream of Dartmouth.

The Greenway Ferry carries pedestrians across the river from Dittisham to Greenway Quay, adjacent to the Greenway Estate. Once the home of the crime writer Agatha Christie, this has views across the river, and the house and gardens are now owned by the National Trust and are open to the public.

Gurrow Point is a private estate on the edge of Dittisham.

In 2001, the parish had a population of 424. The figures for 1801 and 1901 are 639 and 549.

Dittisham has given its name to the Dittisham plum, a dessert variety grown here.

The fictitious Lady Dittisham is one of the main characters in Agatha Christie's Five Little Pigs.
Downers Grove South High School
Downers Grove South High School, or DGS, and locally referred to as "South", is a public four-year high school located at the corner of Dunham Road and 63rd Street in Downers Grove, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. Its principal is Arwen Lyp. It is part of Community High School District 99, which also includes Downers Grove North High School. The South campus draws students from Downers Grove (south of 55th St.), the majority of Woodridge, half of Darien (west of Cass Ave.), and small sections of Bolingbrook and Westmont.

Woodridge, Illinois
Woodridge is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, with small portions in Will and Cook counties, and a southwestern suburb of Chicago. Per the 2020 census, the population was 34,158.

The village is just north of the I-55 junction with IL-53. Woodridge was incorporated on August 24, 1959, with less than 500 residents. It is named for its location in a wooded area above a steep hillside, locally known as "The Ridge," which overlooks the DuPage River's East Branch and the Des Plaines Valley.

Woodridge is a young community with the vast majority of its homes, businesses, and churches constructed after the 1950s. Woodridge was founded by a housing developer, Albert Kaufman, who was largely responsible for the creation of the village.

In July 2007, Woodridge was ranked No. 61 on Money magazine's "100 Best Places to Live".  It uses the 630 and 331 area codes. Woodridge is the home of the Home Run Inn pizzeria chain and was the home of Pabst Brewing Company from 2006 to 2011.
The Rosary (1911 film)
The Rosary (also The Two Devotions) is a 1911 American silent romantic drama short film directed by R.F. Baker aka Richard Foster Baker and starring Francis X. Bushman. It was produced by the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company and distributed by the General Film Company.

Richard Foster Baker
Richard Foster Baker (January 25, 1857 - February 21, 1921) was a director and actor in the U.S. during the silent movie era.

Richard Foster Baker was born January 25, 1857, in Detroit, Wayne, Michigan, USA. He died February 21, 1921, in Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Miss Grand International 2024
Miss Grand International 2024 was the 12th Miss Grand International pageant, held at the MGI Hall in Bangkok, Thailand, on 25 October 2024.

At the conclusion of the event, Luciana Fuster of Peru crowned Rachel Gupta of India as Miss Grand International 2024. This is the first victory of India in the pageant's history. However, Gupta's reign ended on 28 May 2025 due to several issues between her and the organization, and the 1st runner-up, CJ Opiaza of the Philippines, took over the title.

Contestants from sixty-eight countries and territories competed in this edition. The competition was presented by Matthew Deane and was transmitted via the pageant's YouTube channel, GrandTV.

Nawat Itsaragrisil
Nawat Itsaragrisil (/ˈnɑːwæt ˌɪtsərəˈɡrɪsɪl/; Thai: ณวัฒน์ อิสรไกรศีล; born 10 August 1965) is a Thai media personality and businessperson, best known as the president of Miss Grand International organization, the national director of Miss Universe Thailand and the executive director of Miss Universe organization.

Nawat first became known for travel TV shows, first hosting Exhibition Show and then Kon Thueng Chan (ก่อนถึงจันทร์) for ITV. He then joined Channel 3, hosting the travel segment variety talk show Today Show and becoming the director and executive producer of the Miss Thailand World beauty pageant from 2007 to 2012. He started his own beauty pageant franchise, Miss Grand Thailand and Miss Grand International in 2013. In 2025 Nawat acquired Miss Universe Thailand license from TPN Global as well as appointed as executive director of Miss Universe pageant.
Paula Biggar
Paula Jean Biggar (born 9 May 1955) is a Canadian politician.

She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island in the 2007 provincial election. She represented the electoral district of Tyne Valley-Linkletter and is a member of the Liberal Party until she was defeated in the 2019 Prince Edward Island general election. She previously held the title of "Deputy Speaker" of the House.

A native of Prince County, Biggar received a diploma in Public Administration from the University of Prince Edward Island and was an educational assistant and municipal councillor prior to being elected. She lives in Bideford.

On May 20, 2015, Biggar was appointed to the Executive Council of Prince Edward Island as Minister of Transportation, Infrastructure and Energy. She was given an additional role as Minister responsible for the Status of Women when Tina Mundy resigned from cabinet the following day.

University of Prince Edward Island
The University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) is a public university in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, and the only university in the province. Founded in 1969, the enabling legislation is the University Act, R.S.P.E.I 2000.
Polish American Congress
The Polish American Congress (PAC) is an American umbrella organization of Polish-Americans and Polish-American organizations.
Its members include individuals as well as fraternal, educational, veterans, religious, cultural, social, business, and political organizations.

As of January 2009, it lists 20 national organizations as members.
It is subdivided into 41 divisions and chapters.

Traditionally, the PAC National President has also been the president of the largest Polish-American fraternal organization, the Polish National Alliance (PNA).

Polish joke
A Polish joke is an English-language ethnic joke deriding Polish people, based on derogatory stereotypes. The Polish joke belongs in the category of conditional jokes, whose full understanding requires the audience to have prior knowledge of what a Polish joke is. As with all discriminatory jokes, Polish jokes depend on the listener's preconceived notions and antipathies.

The relation between the internalized derogatory stereotypes about Polish people, and the persistence of ethnic jokes about them, is not easy to trace, though the jokes seem to be understood by many who hear them. Sometimes an offensive term for a Pole, such as Polack, is used in the joke.

Example:

Q: How many Polacks does it take to change a light bulb?

A: Three – one to hold the bulb, and two to turn the ladder.
Fat Chance: Probability from 0 to 1
Fat Chance: Probability from 0 to 1 is an introductory undergraduate-level textbook on probability theory, centered on the metaphor of games of chance. It was written by Benedict Gross, Joe Harris, and Emily Riehl, based on a course for non-mathematicians taught to Harvard University undergraduates, and published by the Cambridge University Press in 2019. An associated online course has been offered to the public by Harvard.

Emily Riehl
Emily Riehl is an American mathematician who has contributed to higher category theory and homotopy theory. Much of her work, including her PhD thesis, concerns model structures and more recently the foundations of infinity-categories. She is the author of two textbooks and serves on the editorial boards of three journals.
Jack Oleck
Jack Oleck (March 1, 1914 – March 10, 1981) was an American novelist and comic book writer particularly known for his work in the horror genre.

The brother-in-law of comics pioneer Joe Simon, Oleck's comic book career was basically in two parts. During the Golden Age of comics Oleck wrote for EC Comics and the Simon-Jack Kirby Studio. After the mid-1950s temporary collapse of the industry following the publication of Fredric Wertham's Seduction of the Innocent and the establishment of the Comics Code Authority, Oleck left comics, instead writing novels and publishing an interior design magazine. From the late 1960s until his death in 1981, Oleck worked for DC Comics as a writer for their extensive line of horror/suspense titles.

Crime SuspenStories
Crime SuspenStories was a bi-monthly anthology crime comic published by EC Comics in the early 1950s. The title first arrived on newsstands with its October/November 1950 issue and ceased publication with its February/March 1955 issue, producing a total of 27 issues. Years after its demise, the title was reprinted in its entirety, and four stories were adapted for television in the HBO's Tales From The Crypt.
Michael Shackleford
Michael Shackleford (born May 23, 1965, in Pasadena, California, United States), also known as The Wizard of Odds (a title taken from Donald Angelini), is an American mathematician and an actuary.

Shackleford is best known for his professional analysis of the mathematics of the casino games, and for founding the websites The Wizard of Odds and The Wizard of Vegas, which contain analyses and strategies for casino games. He is also an adjunct professor of actuarial science and mathematics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Casino game
A casino game is one in which players gamble cash or chips on various possible random outcomes or combinations of outcomes, often in a casino environment. Such games are also available in online casinos, where permitted by law. Casino games can also be played outside of casinos for entertainment purposes, like in parties or in school competitions, on machines that simulate gambling.
Sant'Onofrio Altarpiece
The Sant'Onofrio Altarpiece  is a painting by the Italian  Renaissance painter Luca Signorelli, housed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in the Cathedral of Perugia, Italy. It was painted for the church in 1484, commissioned by bishop Jacopo Vagnucci, a native of Cortona, Signorelli's birthplace.

Perugia Cathedral
Perugia Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Perugia), officially the Metropolitan Cathedral of St. Lawrence (Cattedrale Metropolitana di San Lorenzo), is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Perugia, Umbria, central Italy, dedicated to Saint Lawrence. Formerly the seat of the bishops and archbishops of Perugia, it has been since 1986 the archiepiscopal seat of the Archdiocese of Perugia-Città della Pieve
Qasim Khanate
The Qasim Khanate (also called Qasimov, Kasimov, or Kasim), also known as the Tsardom of Kasimov (Russian: Касимовское царство), was a Tatar-ruled khanate which existed from 1452 until 1681 on the territory of the Russian state. It was located within modern-day Ryazan Oblast with its capital at Kasimov, in the middle course of the Oka River.

It was initially in the sphere of influence of the Grand Principality of Moscow and then was dependent on the Tsardom of Russia. The khanate was established in the lands which Grand Prince Vasily II of Moscow (r. 1425–1462) presented in 1452 to the Kazan prince Qasim Khan (d. 1469), son of the first Kazan khan Olug Moxammat.

Oka (river)
The Oka (UK: /ˈɒkə/, US: /ˈoʊkə/; Russian: Ока IPA: [ɐˈka]) is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as the town of Kaluga. Its length is 1,500 km (930 mi) and its catchment area 245,000 km2 (95,000 sq mi). The Russian capital Moscow sits on one of the Oka's tributaries—the Moskva, from which the capital's name is thought to be derived.
Sonam Mukherjee
Sonam Mukherjee (born Mumbai, India) is an Indian actress and fashion model.

Mukherjee was a finalist at the I Am She-Miss Universe India beauty pageant in 2010. She made her acting debut in the Hindi film ?: A Question Mark, released in 2012. She was praised for her role as Simran, who becomes a victim of ghostly entities. Her portrayal of a possessed girl earned her a nomination in the Best Supporting Actress category at the St. Tropez International France film festival in 2014.

Mukherjee attended school in Mumbai at St. Joseph's Convent, Bandra. She graduated with a degree in Chemistry from Wilson College, Mumbai, where she played field hockey. She currently trains in Kathak dance under dancer Shila Mehta.

?: A Question Mark
?: A Question Mark is a 2012 Hindi language horror film written and directed by Allyson Patel and Yash Dave, and produced by Trippletake Motion Pictures. It was distributed by Percept Picture Company. The film received nine nominations and two awards at the St. Tropez International Film Festival in France. Akhlaque Khan won the best actor award while Udhaya Rajni won the award for best editing. The film also received a standing ovation at the Oaxaca Film Festival in Mexico.

The producers wanted to use just the symbol "?" as the film's title, as a symbol for the unseen, unheard story. However, the movie had to be released with a written title due to censorship rules, so it was called "Question Mark."

It delves into the found footage genre.