hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Hudson Howren
Robert Hudson Howren (August 9, 1811 - September 22, 1889) was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.  He helped organize the Florida Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Tallahassee in 1845.  He was the chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Florida Annual Conference in 1848 which helped establish the first educational institution in Florida, the East Florida Seminary, which was a forerunner to the University of Florida.  He became a Methodist minister in 1839 in Lowndes County, Georgia, and served for more than 50 years through south Georgia and north Florida.  He was the father of Florida congressman Henry Durant Howren and the maternal grandfather of Florida Secretary of State Robert Andrew Gray.

Henry Durant Howren
Henry Durant Howren (July 1, 1857 - October 7, 1890) was an American politician from Newnansville, Florida, serving in the Florida House of Representatives from 1881 - 1883. The son of Methodist minister Robert Hudson Howren, he was born in Bainbridge, Georgia and educated at Emory and Henry College.

His father had been serving the Methodist Church in Newnansville for over two years when he completed college, and within a month of returning home, he was nominated by the Democratic Party of Alachua County for the Florida House at the age of 22. His Republican opponent was incumbent Leonard G. Dennis, infamous for playing a role in throwing the 1876 presidential election to Rutherford B. Hayes, and a former Florida State Senator. Howren defeated Dennis by an approximate vote margin of four to one, and was the first Democrat elected to office in Alachua County since the end of the Civil War.
Arturo Schaerer
Arturo Oscar Schaerer Heisecke (October 7, 1907 – December 17, 1979) was a Paraguayan businessman, publisher and journalist. He was the son of the President of Paraguay, Eduardo Schaerer and grandson of Swiss colonizer Santiago Schaerer.

La Tribuna (Paraguay)
La Tribuna was a Paraguayan newspaper published in Asunción. Although its most well-known relaunch took place in 1925 under Eduardo Schaerer, the title was already in circulation in 1915 under the administration of Juan Ferrari. This earlier version became notable for covering the Villa Morra parricide. It was one of the most important daily newspapers in Paraguay's history. It was founded in 1925 in Asunción by Eduardo Schaerer, and was one of the country's leading newspapers for five decades. La Tribuna  was the first Paraguayan paper to be widely published across the country. Politically, La Tribuna was positioned between liberalism and traditional national politics. It opposed especially the dictatorial regimes of Higinio Morínigo and Alfredo Stroessner.
Aylesford School
Aylesford School and Sixth Form College is a coeducational all-through school and sixth form located in Warwick, England. It was constructed on part of the land that made up RAF Warwick which closed in 1946.

RAF Warwick
RAF Warwick is a former Royal Air Force relief landing ground located 1.7 miles (2.7 km) south west of Warwick, Warwickshire, England. RAF Warwick was opened on a large grass field called Tournament Field in December 1941 and was closed on 4 February 1946.
V. Thirteen
"V. Thirteen" is a song by the English band Big Audio Dynamite, released as both a 7" and 12" single from their second studio album, No. 10, Upping St. (1986). "V. Thirteen" was one of five tracks that former Clash lyricist and lead vocalist Joe Strummer co-wrote with Mick Jones on the album who also co-produced the album, including this single, with Jones. Following the disappointing sales of "C'mon Every Beatbox", "V. Thirteen" was released as the second single from the album, charting slightly higher by peaking at No. 49 on the UK singles chart, and No. 15 on Billboard's Dance Club Songs.

Mick Jones (The Clash guitarist)
Michael Geoffrey Jones (born 26 June 1955) is a British musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer best known as co-founder and lead guitarist of punk rock band the Clash, until his dismissal by frontman Joe Strummer in 1983. In 1984, he formed Big Audio Dynamite with Don Letts. Jones has played with the band Carbon/Silicon along with Tony James (formerly of Generation X and Sigue Sigue Sputnik) since 2002 and was part of the Gorillaz live band for a world tour in 2010. In late 2011, Jones collaborated with Pete Wylie and members of the Farm to form the Justice Tonight Band.
Stovin v Wise
Stovin v Wise [1996] UKHL 15 is an English tort law case about a highway authority's liability in negligence. The majority speech of Lord Hoffmann contains important principles about omissions liability and the liability of public authorities.

English tort law
English tort law concerns the compensation for harm to people's rights to health and safety, a clean environment, property, their economic interests, or their reputations. A "tort" is a wrong in civil law, rather than criminal law, that usually requires a payment of money to make up for damage that is caused. Alongside contracts and unjust enrichment, tort law is usually seen as forming one of the three main pillars of the law of obligations.

In English law, torts like other civil cases are generally tried in front a judge without a jury.
Royal Theater Carré
The Royal Theater Carré (Dutch: Koninklijk Theater Carré) is a Neo-Renaissance theatre in Amsterdam, located near the river Amstel. When the theatre was founded in 1887, it was originally meant as a permanent circus building. Currently, it is mainly used for musicals, cabaret performances and pop concerts. Carré is located next to the Amstel, close to Waterlooplein. Its address is Amstel 115 and has approximately 1,700 seats.

Lou Bandy
Lodewijk Ferdinand Dieben (19 April 1890, in The Hague – 24 June 1959, in Zandvoort), better known under his pseudonym Lou Bandy, was a Dutch singer and conferencier who was one of the most popular artists in the Netherlands, between both world wars. Among his most famous songs are: Zoek de zon op (Look for the sun), Schep vreugde in het leven (Put joy in life) and Louise zit niet op je nagels te bijten (Louise, don't bite your nails).
Brendon Bracewell
Brendon Paul Bracewell (born 14 September 1959) is a former New Zealand Test cricketer. Born in Auckland, he is the younger brother of John Bracewell. He was educated at Tauranga Boys' College and was in the 1st XI from 1974 to 1978. He frequently suffered injuries throughout his playing career. Bracewell also played rugby for King Country and for Western Australia.

Bracewell operates Bracewell Cricket Academy, a private cricket coaching academy based in Napier. His son Doug Bracewell plays for Central Districts and the New Zealand cricket team.

Tauranga Boys' College
Tauranga Boys' College is a state secondary school for boys, located on the edge of the downtown area of Tauranga, New Zealand. The school was founded in 1946 as Tauranga College, before overcrowding saw the school become single-sex in 1958. The school has a roll of 2,182 students from years 9 to 13 (approx. ages 13 to 18) as of October 2025. In 2019 Tauranga Boys' gained the most scholarships in the Bay of Plenty region with 31 scholarships and 6 outstanding scholarships.
Park Joo-hee
Park Joo-hee is a South Korean actress. She is known for her roles in dramas such as Tomorrow, with You, The Ghost Detective, My Golden Life, Watcher and Happiness. She also appeared in movies Set Me Free, Illang: The Wolf Brigade and High Society.

My Golden Life
My Golden Life (Korean: 황금빛 내 인생) is a 2017–18 South Korean television series starring Park Si-hoo, Shin Hye-sun, Lee Tae-hwan, and Seo Eun-soo. The series was originally broadcast on KBS2 every Saturday and Sunday from September 2017 to March 2018 between 19:55 to 21:15 (KST).
Trinity Church (Holderness, New Hampshire)
Trinity Church is a historic Episcopal church, located in a small cemetery on New Hampshire Route 175 in Holderness, New Hampshire.  Built in 1797, it is one of only two surviving 18th-century buildings in the state that was built as a church (the other is the Union Church in Claremont).  It is also the only major surviving structure associated with the life of Samuel Livermore, a prominent New Hampshire statesman and jurist.  The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.  It is maintained by the cemetery's association, and is occasionally used for services.

New Hampshire Route 175
New Hampshire Route 175 (NH 175) is a state highway in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. The highway runs north 25.261 miles (40.654 km) from an intersection in Holderness with U.S. Route 3 and New Hampshire Route 25 to an intersection with US 3 in Woodstock.

NH 175 is a minor highway that parallels US 3 and Interstate 93 through the valley of the Pemigewasset River. NH 175 has a secondary spur road, NH 175A, which connects it to downtown Plymouth.
Smith Mountain Lake State Park
Smith Mountain Lake State Park is a 1,148-acre (4.65 km2) state park along the shores of Smith Mountain Lake in Bedford County, Virginia near Huddleston. Primarily a recreational area, it offers water-related activities (with a swimming area, occasional boat tours as well as rental boats, kayaks and tubes) as well as camping, picnicking, and hiking facilities. A Visitor Center and Discovery Center also offer interpretive ecological activities, and periodically the Friends of Smith Mountain Lake Park arrange concerts.

Huddleston, Virginia
Huddleston is an unincorporated community in southeastern Bedford County, Virginia, United States. The community lies along State Route 626 and is located 12.5 miles (20.1 km) south-southeast of Bedford. It is part of the Lynchburg Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Concho Elementary School District
Concho Elementary School District No. 6 is a K-8 school district located in Concho, unincorporated Apache County, Arizona.

Its only school is Concho Elementary School. It is a PS through 8th grade school, and students may then attend one of three high schools, Show Low, Blue Ridge, or St Johns High School. Concho Elementary School has been in existence for over 100 years.

From 2020 to 2021 the number of students in the district increased by 3%.

Apache County, Arizona
Apache County is a county in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. Shaped in a long rectangle running north to south, as of the 2020 census, its population was 66,021. The county seat is St. Johns.

Most of the county is occupied by part of the federally recognized Navajo Nation and the Fort Apache Indian Reservation.
Repo! The Genetic Opera
Repo! The Genetic Opera is a 2008 American musical film. Described as a gothic rock opera, the film was directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and based on the 2002 stage musical of the same name, written and composed by Darren Smith and Terrance Zdunich. It stars Alexa Vega, Anthony Stewart Head, Sarah Brightman, Paris Hilton, Nivek Ogre, Terrance Zdunich, Bill Moseley, and Paul Sorvino.

Repo! premiered at the Fantasia Film Festival in July 2008, followed by a limited release on November 7, 2008, on seven screens in various cities.

Alexa PenaVega
Alexa Ellesse PenaVega (née Vega; born August 27, 1988) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Carmen Cortez in the first four Spy Kids films and Julie Corky in the 2004 film Sleepover. In 2009, she starred as the title character Ruby Gallagher in the ABC Family series Ruby & the Rockits.
Salvation Nell (1931 film)
Salvation Nell is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film produced and directed by James Cruze and distributed by Tiffany Films, a company then on the brink of ceasing operations. The film is based on Edward Sheldon's 1908 Broadway play which starred Minnie Maddern Fiske and Holbrook Blinn.

Two silent versions were produced: in 1915 with Beatriz Michelena and in 1921 with Pauline Starke. Ralph Graves and Helen Chandler star in this film. Actor Matthew Betz appeared in both this film and the 1921 silent film. After years of being thought a lost film, a print was shown at a film festival in 2001.

James Cruze
James Cruze (born Jens Cruz Bosen; March 27, 1884 – August 3, 1942) was a silent film actor and film director.

James Cruze is best known today among film buffs as the director of the epic silent Western The Covered Wagon.
The Ferryman (song)
"The Ferryman", also sometimes known as "The Strawberry Beds", is an Irish folk ballad, written by Pete St. John.

Set in modern-day Dublin in Ireland, as with other works by St. John, "The Ferryman" relates to economic change in the city. The song is a monologue, by a former pilot of a ferry on the River Liffey to his wife, Molly, as he contemplates the implications of his unemployment.

Despite the unpleasant subject matter, the song ends optimistically, with the declaration "we're still living, and ... we're still young, and the river never owned me heart and soul".

Pete St John
Peter Mooney (31 January 1932 – 12 March 2022), known professionally as Pete St John, was an Irish folk singer-songwriter. Born in Dublin, Ireland, he was best known for composing "The Fields of Athenry".
Uffington, Shropshire
Uffington (/ʌfɪŋtən/) is a village and civil parish in the English county of Shropshire. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 234. It lies between Haughmond Hill and the River Severn, 3 miles east from the town centre of Shrewsbury, at grid reference SJ53151395.

Uffington is home to a church and a pub, the Corbet Arms. The Shrewsbury to Newport Canal once ran through the village. Within the parish lie the grade I listed ruins of Haughmond Abbey.

Antiquary Edward Williams (1762–1833) was perpetual curate of the church from 1786 to his death.

Highway engineer Sir Henry Maybury (1864–1943) was born in Uffington.

The 1997 Grand National winner, Lord Gyllene was trained by Steve Brookshaw in the village.

Henry Maybury
Sir Henry Percy Maybury (17 November 1864 – 7 January 1943) was a British civil engineer. He began his career as a railway engineer, working on many railways in England and Wales before becoming the county surveyor for Kent. At the start of the First World War he was appointed to supervise roads used by the Allies in France, holding the British Army rank of Brigadier-General. In recognition of his services in this theatre he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath and a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George by the British government and an officer of the Legion of Honour by the French. After the war he held various civil service positions, mainly within the Ministry of Transport, and was elected president of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1933.
Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart (14 November 1719 – 28 May 1787) was a German composer, violinist, and music theorist. He is best known today as the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and for his violin textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule (1756).

Fortepiano
A fortepiano [ˌfɔrteˈpjaːno] is an early piano. In principle, the word "fortepiano" can designate any piano dating from the invention of the instrument by Bartolomeo Cristofori in 1700 up to the early 19th century. Most typically, however, it is used to refer to the mid-18th to early-19th century instruments, for which composers of the Classical era, such as Haydn, Mozart wrote their piano music. Sometimes the work of Beethoven and Schubert is likewise considered as fortepiano music.

Starting in the late 18th century, the fortepiano began a period of steady evolution, culminating in the late 19th century with the modern grand. The earlier fortepiano became obsolete and was absent from the musical scene for many decades. In the later 20th century, the fortepiano was revived, following the rise of interest in historically informed performance. Fortepianos are built for that purpose, in specialist workshops.
Ambalamanasy II
Ambalamanasy II is a commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in northern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Andapa, which is a part of Sava Region. According to 2001 census the population of Ambalamanasy II was 24,211.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 98% of the population are farmers.  The most important crops are rice and vanilla, while other important agricultural products are coffee and sugarcane.  Services provide employment for 2% of the population.

Andapa District
Andapa District is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sava Region and borders the districts of Ambilobe and Sambava to the north, Antalaha to the east, Maroantsetra to the south, and Befandriana Nord and Bealanana to the west. The area is 4,051.48 km2 (1,564 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 227,941 in 2020.
Tri-Valley Ranchers
The Tri-Valley Ranchers was a 2007 expansion team from the National Indoor Football League (NIFL). They played their home games at the Amador Pavilion in Pleasanton, California. Originally, there were supposed to be two different NIFL expansion teams with the Alameda Action and the Anaheim Street Boys, but they came together to form one team, the Alameda Street Boys.  Later on, they changed their name again to represent the Tri-Valley region.

Alameda County Fairgrounds
The Alameda County Fairgrounds is a 270-acre (110 ha) facility located in Pleasanton, California. It is home to the annual Alameda County Fair, held since 1912, as well as numerous trade shows and community events. Located on its grounds, the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack was built in 1858, making it the oldest one-mile (1.6 km) horse racing track in the United States. There is a 3,000 seat amphitheater, as well as a 9-hole golf course located within the track's infield.

The Alameda County Central Railroad Society has maintained a model train exhibit at the fairgrounds since 1959, which has grown to two 15-by-100-foot (4.6 by 30.5 m) layouts in O scale and HO scale.

Building J, also known as the Amador Pavilion, is a multi-purpose arena and livestock event facility at the fairgrounds. It was briefly home to the Tri-Valley Ranchers of the National Indoor Football League.

The Fair was not held in 1917–1918, 1942–1944 and 2020.
Then What?
"Then What?" is a song written by Jon Vezner and Randy Sharp, and recorded by American country music artist Clay Walker that reached the Top 5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.  It was released in January 1998 as the fourth and final single from his album Rumor Has It.

Jon Vezner
Jon Vezner (born June 6, 1951) is an American country music songwriter. He is best known for his work with Kathy Mattea, to whom he has been married since 1988.

Vezner began working as a songwriter in Minnesota and later moved to Nashville, Tennessee. He set up a publishing company underneath the apartment in which Mattea lived, and befriended her after jump-starting her car. They began dating in 1986, and married on February 14, 1988.

Vezner wrote several of Mattea's songs, including "Where've You Been", "A Few Good Things Remain", "Time Passes By", and "Whole Lotta Holes". He also wrote "Then What?" for Clay Walker, "If I Didn't Love You" by Steve Wariner, and "You're Gone" by Diamond Rio.

He performs with Don Henry as The Don Juans; they accompanied Tom Paxton on his 2018 and 2019 UK tours.
Nixon Doctrine
The Nixon Doctrine (sometimes referred to as the Guam Doctrine) was the foreign policy doctrine of Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. It was put forth by Nixon on July 25, 1969, during a press conference in Guam, and formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3, 1969.

According to Gregg Brazinsky, author of "Nation Building in South Korea: Koreans, Americans, and the Making of a Democracy", Nixon stated that "the United States would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends" but would not "undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world." This doctrine meant that each ally nation was in charge of its own security in general, but the U.S. would act as a nuclear umbrella when requested. The doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies.

Nuclear umbrella
A "nuclear umbrella" is a guarantee by a nuclear-weapon state to defend a non-nuclear allied state. The context is usually the security alliances of the United States with Australia, Japan, South Korea, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (much of Europe, Turkey and Canada) and the Compact of Free Association (the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau). Those alliances were formed because of the Cold War and the Soviet Union. For some countries, it was an alternative to acquiring nuclear weapons themselves; other alternatives include regional nuclear-weapon-free zones or nuclear sharing.
Cley next the Sea
Cley next the Sea (/ˈkleɪ/, /ˈklaɪ/) is a village and civil parish on the River Glaven in the English county of Norfolk.

Cley next the Sea is located 4.1 miles (6.6 km) north-west of Holt and 25 miles (40 km) north-west of Norwich.

River Glaven
The River Glaven in the eastern English county of Norfolk is 10.5 mi (16.9 km) long and flows through the North Norfolk countryside to the North Sea. Rising from a tiny headwater in Bodham the river starts 2+1⁄2 miles before Selbrigg Pond where three small streams combine. The scenic value of the Glaven valley is important to the tourist industry in North Norfolk. The river is one of over 200 chalk rivers in the world and one of 160 in the UK.
Kakita River
The Kakita River (柿田川, Kakita-gawa) is a river flowing through the town of Shimizu in the Suntō District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

The Kakita River is a tributary of the Kano River. At only 1.2 km (1 mi), it is the shortest Class 1 River in Japan.

Most of the river's source water comes from springs created by rainfall and melting snow on Mount Fuji. Therefore, the temperature of the river is around 15 °C throughout the year. The river is also known as the only habitat of Mishima-baikamo (ja:ミシマバイカモ). The area around the springs is protected as a park (Kakita River Park (柿田川公園, Kakita-gawa Kōen) by the Shimizu town government.

Also, famous for being a clear-flowing river, the Kakita River has been named one of the "Three Clear-Flowing Rivers in Japan", along with the Nagara River in Gifu Prefecture and the Shimanto River in Kōchi Prefecture.

Shimizu, Shizuoka
Shimizu (清水町, Shimizu-chō) is a town in Suntō District of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2019,  the town had an estimated population of 32,453 in 14058 households, and a population density of 3,700 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 8.81 square kilometres (3.40 sq mi). One of its most notable features is the spectacular view of Mt. Fuji on clear days.
The Counsellor (novel)
The Counsellor is a 1939 detective novel by the  British author Alfred Walter Stewart, published under his pseudonym J.J. Connington. It was published in London by Hodder and Stoughton and in the United States by Little, Brown and Company. It was the first of two novels in which Connington replaced his usual detective Sir Clinton Driffield with radio personality Max Brand. It was followed the next year by The Four Defences before Connington returned to writing Driffield novels.

Alfred Walter Stewart
Alfred Walter Stewart (5 September 1880 – 1 July 1947) was a British chemist and part-time novelist who wrote seventeen detective novels and a pioneering science fiction work between 1923 and 1947 under the pseudonym of JJ Connington. His most prominent protagonist was Chief Constable Sir Clinton Driffield.