hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gremolata
Gremolata (Italian: [ɡremoˈlaːta]) or gremolada (Italian: [ɡremoˈlaːda], Lombard: [ɡremuˈlaːda]) is a green sauce made with chopped parsley, lemon zest, and garlic. It is the standard accompaniment to the Lombard braised veal shank dish ossobuco.

Ossobuco
Ossobuco or osso buco (Italian: [ˌɔssoˈbuːko]; Milanese: òss bus [ˌɔz ˈbyːs]), also known as ossobuco alla milanese, is a specialty of Lombard cuisine of cross-cut veal shanks braised with vegetables, white wine, and broth. It is often garnished with gremolada and traditionally served with either risotto alla milanese or polenta, depending on the regional variation. The marrow from the hole in the bone (the buco in the osso) is a prized delicacy and the defining feature of the dish.

The two types of ossobuco are a modern version that has tomatoes and the original version which does not. The older version, ossobuco in bianco, is flavored with cinnamon, bay leaf, and gremolada. The modern and more popular recipe includes tomatoes, carrots, celery, and onions; gremolada is optional.
Salvatore Sciarrino
Salvatore Sciarrino (born 4 April 1947) is an Italian composer of contemporary classical music. Described as "the best-known and most performed Italian composer" of the present day, his works include Quaderno di strada (2003) and La porta della legge (2006–08).

Kairos (record label)
Kairos is an Austrian record label that specializes in contemporary classical music. Its recordings have received multiple awards, including the Diapason d'Or. It was founded by Barbara Fränzen and Peter Oswald in 1999, and in 2015, became part of Paladino Media, a company owned by Austrian cellist Martin Rummel.
Paludamentum
In Republican and Imperial Rome, the paludamentum (pl. paludamenta) was a cloak or cape fastened at one shoulder, worn by military commanders (e.g., the legatus) and rather less often by their troops. As supreme commander of the whole Roman army, Roman emperors were often portrayed wearing it in their statues and on their coinage. After the reign of Augustus, the paludamentum was restricted to the Emperor. Children would also wear it sometimes, when there was bad weather and they needed protection.

The paludamentum was generally crimson, scarlet, or purple in colour, or sometimes white. It was fastened at the shoulder with a clasp, called a fibula, whose form and size varied through time. Putting on the paludamentum was a ceremonial act on setting out for war.

Scarlet (color)
Scarlet is a bright red color, sometimes with a slightly orange tinge. In the spectrum of visible light, and on the traditional color wheel, it is one-quarter of the way between red and orange, slightly less orange than vermilion.

According to researches in Europe and the United States, scarlet and other bright shades of red are the colors most associated with courage, force, passion, heat, and joy. In the Roman Catholic Church, scarlet is the color worn by a cardinal, and is associated with the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs, and with sacrifice.

Scarlet is also associated with immorality and sin, particularly prostitution or adultery, largely because of a passage referring to the "Great Harlot", "dressed in purple and scarlet", in the Christian Bible (Revelation 17:1–6).
Bremen High School (Midlothian, Illinois)
Bremen High School, BHS, or simply Bremen is a public four year high school located in Midlothian, Illinois. It is the first school built as part of Bremen Community High School District 228 which also includes Tinley Park High School, Hillcrest High School and Oak Forest High School.  Bremen High School was opened in 1953 along with the creation of Bremen High School District 228 to serve students in the newly developing areas at the time.  Bremen High School is named after the township in which it is located, Bremen Township.

Bremen Township, Illinois
Bremen Township is one of 29 townships in Cook County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 107,149 and it contained 42,611 housing units. It was organized in 1850 and is located southwest of Chicago in southern Cook County. An administrative office for Bremen Township is located at 16361 South Kedzie Parkway, Markham, Illinois. It is named after the State of the same name in Germany as this area was settled by primarily German settlers.
Knighton, Powys
Knighton (Welsh: Tref-y-clawdd [trɛvəˈklauð] ⓘ or Trefyclo) is a market town and community on the River Teme in Powys, Wales. It is located on the England–Wales border, and a small part of the town, including its railway station, lies over the border in the Shropshire parish of Stowe.

Originally an Anglo-Saxon settlement, Knighton is located on Offa's Dyke, the ancient earthwork that divided the two countries. It later became a Norman defensive border town. It was historically in Radnorshire.

England–Wales border
The England–Wales border, sometimes referred to as the Wales–England border or the Anglo-Welsh border, runs for 160 miles (260 km) from the Dee estuary, in the north, to the Severn estuary in the south, separating England and Wales.

It has followed broadly the same line since the 8th century, and in part that of Offa's Dyke; the modern boundary was fixed in 1536, when the former marcher lordships which occupied the border area were abolished and new county boundaries were created. The administrative boundary of Wales was confirmed in the Local Government Act 1972. Whether Monmouthshire was part of Wales, or an English county treated for most purposes as though it were Welsh, was also settled by the 1972 Act, which included it in Wales.
Meristaspis
Meristaspis is a genus of mites in the family Spinturnicidae. There are about six described species in Meristaspis, found in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, and the Pacific islands.

The species of Meristaspis, like the other members of this family, are parasites of bats. They live primarily on the wing and tail membranes of bats throughout all stages of life.

Spinturnicidae
Spinturnicidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata. The mites are highly specialized parasites of wing or tail membrane or bats. Some species infest eyelids and eye canthi. The species of Spinturnicidae are found in bat habitats throughout the world, living all stages of life on bats.
Dublin United Transport Company
The Dublin United Transport Company (DUTC) operated trams and buses in Dublin, Ireland until 1945. Following legislation in the Oireachtas, the Transport Act, 1944, the DUTC and the Great Southern Railways were vested in the newly formed Córas Iompair Éireann on 1 January 1945.

Great Southern Railways
The Great Southern Railways Company (often Great Southern Railways, or GSR) was an Irish company that from 1925 until 1945 owned and operated all railways that lay wholly within the Irish Free State (the present-day Republic of Ireland).

The period was difficult with rising operating costs and static to failing income.  The early part of the period was soon after infrastructure losses of the Irish Civil War.  The Emergency or Second World War at the end of the period saw shortages of coal and raw materials with increased freight traffic and restricted passenger traffic.
Robert Mills (physicist)
Robert Laurence Mills (April 15, 1927 – October 27, 1999)  was an American physicist, specializing in quantum field theory, the theory of alloys, and many-body theory.

While sharing an office at Brookhaven National Laboratory, C.N. Yang and Robert Mills formulated in 1954 a theory now known as the Yang–Mills theory – "the foundation for current understanding of how subatomic particles interact, a contribution which has restructured modern physics and mathematics."

Mathematically, Yang and Mills proposed a tensor equation for what are now called Yang–Mills fields (this equation reduces to Maxwell's equations as a special case; see gauge theory):

.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Gerhard von Hosstrup
Gerhard Carsten Jakob von Hosstrup (or Hoßtrup) (born 23 April 1771 in Hamburg, died 7 September 1851) was a Hamburg businessman and the founder of the Hamburg Stock Exchange building (Hamburger Börsenhalle). He became Oberalter in 1843.

He was married to Sophie Henriette Elisabeth (Betty) Seyler (1789–1837), and after her death in 1837 to her sister Louise Auguste Seyler. They were members of the Berenberg-Gossler-Seyler banking dynasty, being the daughters of Ludwig Erdwin Seyler and granddaughters of Johann Hinrich Gossler and Elisabeth Berenberg. They were also granddaughters of theatre director Abel Seyler. Gerhard von Hosstrup was the father of Egmont von Hosstrup and Gerhard Ludwig von Hosstrup, and of Bertha von Hosstrup, married to Albert Hänel.

He was the brother-in-law of Hamburg ship broker Ernst Friedrich Pinckernelle and Norwegian industrialist Jacob Benjamin Wegner.

Egmont von Hosstrup
Egmont von Hosstrup (1 October 1813 in Hamburg, died 1876) was a German publisher, theatre director and head of the Hamburger Börsenhalle.

He was the son of Gerhard von Hosstrup (1771–1851) and Sophie Henriette Elisabeth (Betty) Seyler (1789–1837), a granddaughter of Abel Seyler, and studied law in Göttingen and Heidelberg, earning a Doctor of Laws degree at Heidelberg in 1836. In 1845 he married Luise Auguste Thesdorp, a step-daughter of the Hamburg lawyer with the supreme court (Obergerichtsadvokat) A. Stulmann. After the death of his father, he became director of the Hamburger Börsenhalle. He was the publisher of Liste der Börsenhalle and Literarische und Kritische Blätter der Börsenhalle.

He was a cousin of Johann Ernst Pinckernelle, founder of the Hamburg ship broker company G. & J. E. Pinckernelle.
Doma, Nigeria
Doma is a Local Government Area in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Doma. Doma LGA houses Special Forces Command, Federal Science and Technical College, Olam Rice Farm and Doma Dam.

It has an area of 2,714 km2 and had a population of 139,607 in the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 950. Odu is the annual festival in Doma local government. Farming is the occupation of most of the Alago people who are the predominant tribe in Doma. While the Alago people are predominant in the Northern part of the Local Government Council, the Bassa people are found in great number in the Southern part of Doma.

The average temperature of Doma is 30 °C with a wind speed of an average of 12 km/h and a total rain precipitation of 1750 mm per annum.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Kołzin
Kołzin [ˈkɔu̯ʑin] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Sianów, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Sianów, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Koszalin, and 149 km (93 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Gmina Sianów
Gmina Sianów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Sianów, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Koszalin and 145 km (90 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 226.78 square kilometres (87.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,251 (out of which the population of Sianów amounts to 6,543, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,708).
Malbazar
Malbazar, also known as Mal, is a town and a municipality in Jalpaiguri district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Malbazar subdivision. It lies about 65 km from Jalpaiguri and 55 km from Siliguri. It lies on the bank of river Neora.

Jaigaon
Jaigaon (Bengali pronunciation: [d͡ʒɔe̯ɡão]), is a census town in Alipurduar subdivision under Kalchini Block of Alipurduar district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is located on the country's border with Bhutan, and Bhutan Gate separates the two countries. Phuentsholing is the Bhutan's nearest city to Jaigaon. Bhutan does not have domestic roads linking all its towns, so it uses roads passing through Jaigaon to reach destinations such as Samtse, Gomtu, Nganglam and Samdrup Jongkhar.
Chris Perrins
Christopher Miles Perrins, LVO FRS (born 11 May 1935) is Emeritus Fellow of the Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology at the University of Oxford, Emeritus Fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford and His Majesty's Warden of the Swans since 1993.

Warden of the Swans
The Warden of the Swans is an office in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, created in 1993 when the ancient post of Keeper of the King’s Swans (which dated from the 13th century) was divided into two new posts. The second is the Marker of the Swans.

The first office-holder, and so far the only Warden of the Swans, is Professor Christopher Perrins, LVO, appointed in 1993.
Tsoi Wall
The Tsoi Wall (or Tsoi's Wall; Стена Цоя) is a graffiti-covered wall in Moscow, dedicated to musician Viktor Tsoi and his band Kino. The wall is located at the house №37, at the intersection of Arbat Street and Krivoarbatsky Lane and is considered one of Moscow's landmarks. It is customary for Tsoi's fans to leave a broken lit cigarette in the special ash plate by the wall.

Frequently visited by Tsoi's fans, the wall has become a place to hide a note for a friend or arrange a meeting. There are also memory walls of Tsoi in other cities, such as Saint Petersburg, Khabarovsk, Dnipro and Sevastopol.

Krivoarbatsky Lane
55°44′53″N 37°35′26″E﻿ / ﻿55.7481111211°N 37.5904166767°E﻿ / 55.7481111211; 37.5904166767

Krivoarbatsky Lane (Russian: Кривоарба́тский переу́лок; from Russian "кривой", krivoy, meaning "curved") is a small sidestreet near the Arbat Street. It is most notable for its curved form and the Wall of Viktor Tsoi, a Russian musician.  This street is also notable for some informal youth gatherings.
Used Heart for Sale
Used Heart for Sale is the debut studio album by American country music singer Gary Allan. It was released on September 24, 1996, via Decca Records Nashville. The album has been certified gold by the RIAA. It produced four singles on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart with "Her Man", "Living in a House Full of Love", "From Where I'm Sitting", and "Forever and a Day". "Her Man" reached the Top 10 on the country charts at #7, while none of the other three singles reached Top 40.

Several of the songs on this album are covers, including two its singles. "Her Man" was previously recorded by Waylon Jennings on his 1990 album The Eagle, and "Living in a House Full of Love" was previously a number 3 hit for David Houston back in 1965. In addition, "Wine Me Up" is a cover of Faron Young's hit single.

Her Man (song)
"Her Man" is a song written by Kent Robbins. Originally recorded by American country music artist Waylon Jennings on his 1990 album The Eagle, it was later covered in 1996 by Gary Allan on his debut album Used Heart for Sale. Allan's version was released in August 1996 as his debut single and as the album's first. His rendition peaked at number 7 on the US country singles charts and number 9 in Canada.
Valentyne Suite
Valentyne Suite is the second album released by the band Colosseum. It was Vertigo Records' first album release, and reached number 15 in the UK Albums Chart in 1969. The album peaked at number 18 in Australia in 1970.

Though the song "The Kettle" is officially listed as having been written by Dick Heckstall-Smith and Jon Hiseman, a credit which is confirmed by Hiseman's liner notes for the album, bassist and producer Tony Reeves later claimed that it was written by guitarist and vocalist James Litherland. The song's riff was later interpolated in three songs, notably "Ya Mama" by Fatboy Slim.

Colosseum (band)
Colosseum are an English jazz rock band, mixing blues, rock and jazz-based improvisation. Colin Larkin wrote that "the commercial acceptance of jazz rock in the UK" was mainly due to the band. Between 1975 and 1978 a separate band Colosseum II existed playing progressive rock, founded by Colosseum band leader Jon Hiseman.
Scrap Teacher
Scrap Teacher: Kyōshi Saisei (スクラップ･ティーチャー〜教師再生〜) is a Japanese school comedy/drama series aired on NTV at 21:00-21:54 every Saturday from October 11 to December 6, 2008. It consisted of nine episodes. Scrap Teacher was produced by Yuko Hazeyama and Masahiro Uchiyama from a screenplay by Fumie Mizuhashi. Its theme song was "Mayonaka no Shadow Boy" by Hey! Say! JUMP.

Ryosuke Yamada
Ryosuke Yamada (Japanese: 山田 涼介, Hepburn: Yamada Ryōsuke; born May 9, 1993) is a Japanese singer and actor. He is a member of Hey! Say! JUMP.

Yamada rose to prominence as a teen idol in 2007 following his role in the Japanese television series Tantei Gakuen Q. After launching his music career in 2007 as a member of Hey! Say! JUMP, he released his debut solo single, "Mystery Virgin" in 2013.

Besides his music group activities, he mainly focuses on acting. As an actor, he is best known for portraying Hajime Kindaichi in live-action drama series Kindaichi Case Files (2013–2014), Nagisa Shiota in Assassination Classroom (2015–2016), and Edward Elric in the live-action film series Fullmetal Alchemist (2017–2022). Yamada's portrayal of Nagisa Shiota earned him the 2016 Japan Academy Award for Newcomer of the Year.
Wildcatter
A wildcatter is an individual who drills wildcat wells, which are exploration oil wells drilled in areas not known to be oil fields. Notable wildcatters include J. Steve Anderson, Glenn McCarthy, Thomas Baker Slick Sr., Mike Benedum, Joe Trees, Clem S. Clarke, and Columbus Marion Joiner; Joiner is responsible for finding the East Texas Oil Field in 1930.

The term was used in the early oil industry in western Pennsylvania. Oil wells in unproven territory were called "wild cat" wells from mid-1870, and those who drilled them were called "wild-catters" by 1876. For instance, the Titusville Herald noted in 1880: "The discovery of the fluid in New York State was the signal for a general exodus of wildcatters from all parts of the oil country ..."

Thomas Baker Slick Sr.
Thomas Baker Slick Sr. (12 October 1883 – 16 August 1930) was born in Shippenville, Clarion County, Pennsylvania to Johnson M. and Mary A. Baker Slick. He became notable in 1912 for discovering Oklahoma's then-largest oil field, the Cushing Oil Field.
Daniel S. Kemp
Daniel Schaeffer Kemp (October 20, 1936 – May 2, 2020) was an American organic chemist, an emeritus professor of chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Kemp's work was focused on the synthesis and conformational analysis of peptides. He developed several chemical ligation strategies and methods for templating the formation of helices and sheets. The eponymous Kemp's triacid and the Kemp elimination reaction (and the Kemp decarboxylation variant) are among his developments. He was the author of an organic chemistry textbook. He died from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts.

Benzisoxazole
1,2-Benzisoxazole is an aromatic organic compound with a molecular formula C7H5NO containing a benzene-fused isoxazole ring structure. The compound itself has no common applications; however, functionalized  benzisoxazoles and benzisoxazoyls have a variety of uses, including pharmaceutical drugs such as some antipsychotics (including risperidone, paliperidone, ocaperidone, and iloperidone) and the anticonvulsant zonisamide.

Its aromaticity makes it relatively stable; however, it is only weakly basic.
John Gaddum
Sir John Henry Gaddum  FRS FRSE (31 March 1900 – 30 June 1965) was an English pharmacologist who, along with Ulf von Euler, co-discovered the neuropeptide Substance P in 1931. He was a founder member of the British Pharmacological Society and first editor of the British Journal of Pharmacology.

Substance P
Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide, belonging to the tachykinin family of neuropeptides that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator. Substance P and the closely related neurokinin A (NKA) are produced from a polyprotein precursor after alternative splicing of the preprotachykinin A gene. It is an undecapeptide (a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) and has the following sequence:

Arg Pro Lys Pro Gln Gln Phe Phe Gly Leu Met (RPKPQQFFGLM)

with an amide group at the C-terminus.
Substance P is released from the terminals of specific sensory nerves. It is found in the brain and spinal cord and is associated with inflammatory processes and pain.
Proclamation of the Birth of Christ
The Proclamation of the Birth of Christ, Kalenda Proclamation, or Christmas Proclamation, is a chant sung before the Midnight Mass for Christmas in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, as well as some Anglican churches. The long text is a timeline, in which each verse represents the years from an historical event, either secular or religious, until birth of Jesus Christ, and the number of years – expressed in centuries or years – decreases until the day of the first Christmas.

Roman Martyrology
The Roman Martyrology (Latin: Martyrologium Romanum) is the official martyrology of the Catholic Church. Its use is obligatory in matters regarding the Roman Rite liturgy, but dioceses, countries and religious institutes may add duly approved appendices to it. It provides an extensive but not exhaustive list of the saints recognized by the Church.
Chindwin River
The Chindwin River (Burmese pronunciation: [t͡ɕɪ́ɰ̃dwɪ́ɰ̃ mjɪʔ]), also known as the Ningthi River (Meitei: [niŋtʰi tuɾel]), is a river in Myanmar and the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy River, which itself is the principal river of Myanmar.

Hukawng Valley
The Hukawng Valley (Burmese: ဟူးကောင်းချိုင့်ဝှမ်း; also spelt Hukaung Valley) is an isolated valley in Myanmar, roughly 5,586 square miles (14,468 km2) in area.  It is located in Tanaing Township in the Myitkyina District of Kachin State in the northernmost part of the country. It has the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary.
On Resonant Shores
On Resonant Shores (German: An klingenden Ufern) is a 1948 Austrian drama film directed by Hans Unterkircher and starring Marianne Schönauer, Curd Jürgens and Otto Tressler. The screenplay was by Alexander Lernet-Holenia who also wrote a novella based on the story. It was shot on location in the Austrian state of Carinthia including at Gurk Cathedral and around Lake Ossiach. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ernst Rampak. It was praised by Austrian film critics.

Alexander Lernet-Holenia
Alexander Lernet-Holenia (21 October 1897 – 3 July 1976) was an Austrian poet, novelist, playwright and writer of screenplays and historical studies who produced a heterogeneous literary opus that included poetry, psychological novels describing the intrusion of otherworldly or unreal experiences into reality, and recreational films. He was born and died in Vienna.