hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kamitaira, Toyama
Kamitaira (上平村, Kamitaira-mura) was a village located in Higashitonami District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 956 and a density of 10.09 persons per km2. The total area was 94.77 km2.

In the early 16th century, a monk named Dōshū spread the Jōdo Shinshū. A valuable old document left by Doshu still remains at Gyotokuji Temple.

On November 1, 2004, Kamitaira, along with the towns of Fukuno, Inami and Jōhana, the villages of Inokuchi, Taira and Toga (all from Higashitonami District), and the town of Fukumitsu (from Nishitonami District), was merged to create the city of Nanto.

The World Heritage Suganuma village is located in Kamitaira village.  Kamitaira is one of the three villages of the Gokayama region, famous for the World Heritage gassho houses.  The traditional culture of Gokayama is extremely well preserved, especially the traditional dance, the Kokiriko.

Nishitonami District, Toyama
Nishitonami (西礪波郡, Nishitonami-gun) was a district located in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

As of November 1, 2004, the district had an estimated population of 13,770 with a density of 234.34 persons per km2. The total area was 58.76 km2.
Port Stakes
The Port Stakes was a flat horse race in Great Britain open to four-year-olds. It was run on the Two Middle Miles (T.M.M.) of the Beacon course at Newmarket over a distance of 2 miles, and was scheduled to take place each year in early or mid April at the Craven meeting. The Two Middle Miles course was relatively flat and was considered less testing then the "Ditch-In" course, over which the similar Claret Stakes was run.

The race often attracted winners of the previous seasons British Classic Races: classic winners who went on to win the Port Stakes included Whisker, Prince Leopold, Mameluke, Green Mantle, Priam, Galata, Grey Momus, Ralph and Attila.

Attila (horse)
Attila (1839–1846) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from August 1841 to June 1844 he ran thirteen times and won eight races. He began his career with a run of six successive wins, culminating in the 1843 Derby. His later form was disappointing and he never won another competitive race: his two subsequent "victories" were the result of walkovers in races in which he was unopposed. He had little chance to prove himself as a stallion as he died at the age of seven from injuries sustained in an accident on board a ship in the English Channel.
Pątnów Legnicki
Pątnów Legnicki [ˈpɔntnuf lɛɡˈnit͡ski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kunice, within Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

There is a train station in the village.

Gmina Kunice
Gmina Kunice (German: Kreis Kunitz) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Kunice, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Legnica and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 92.79 square kilometres (35.8 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,960.
Mukhari
Mukhari (pronounced mukhāri) is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāga of Kharaharapriya. A strong raga, it can sound very sorrowful and introspective. And of course, devotional as well. It sounds best in a very slow speed, with each note and gamaka enunciated clearly. However, there are some crisper renditions of this raga which are also enjoyable. Some well known and often heard compositions are Sivakama Sundari by Papanasam Sivan, Sangeeta Shastra and Entani Ne  by Tyagaraja, Emani Ne by Subbaraya Shastri, Arivar Yaar by Arunachala Kavi and Endraikku Shiva Krupai by Neelakanta Sivan.

Kharaharapriya
Kharaharapriya is a rāga in Carnatic music. It is the 22nd melakarta rāga (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāga system. It is possible that the name of the ragam was originally Harapriya but it was changed to conform to the Katapayadi formula. Kharaharapriya has a distinct melody and brings out the Karuna rasam, invoking pathos in the listeners. The Kafi thaat of Hindustani music is the equivalent of Kharaharapriya. Its Western equivalent is the Dorian mode. The Prati Madhyamam (M₂) equivalent of this raga is Hemavati
Thomas Spert
Vice-Admiral of England Sir Thomas Spert (spelled in some records as Pert) (died December 1541) was a mariner who reached the rank of vice admiral in service to King Henry VIII of England. He was sailing master of the flagships Mary Rose and Henry Grace a Dieu. He served as the first Master of Trinity House, the private corporation for maritime affairs in London. Spert Island off the coast of Antarctica is named for him.

Trinity House
Trinity House, founded by Royal Charter in 1514, is the General lighthouse authority for England, Wales, the Channel Islands, and Gibraltar. It maintains navigational aids such as lightvessels and buoys, as well as communications services and pilotage for ships in the North Sea. These are financed by dues levied on commercial vessels calling at ports in the British Isles.

In addition, Trinity operates a registered charity, which provides welfare services for retired seamen, education, and promoting safety at sea. Funding for this is generated separately.
Spica (group)
Spica (Korean: 스피카, stylized as SPICA) was a South Korean girl group formed in 2012 under B2M Entertainment. The group consists of Kim Bo-a, Park Si-hyun, Park Na-rae, Yang Ji-won and Kim Bo-hyung. Their pre-debut single "Doggedly" was released on January 10, 2012, followed by their debut mini-album, Russian Roulette, on February 8, 2012. After five years of group activities, they officially disbanded on February 6, 2017, though Bohyung has confirmed a possible reunion in the future.

Russian Roulette (Spica EP)
Russian Roulette is the first extended play and debut major release from South Korean girl group Spica. It was released on February 8, 2012 with the song of same name as the promotional song. The EP was re-released on March 29, 2012 with the name Painkiller. The song of same name was used to promote the re-release.
Campli
Campli (Abruzzese: Chimblë) is a town and comune in the province of Teramo, in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It is located in the natural park known as the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Province of Teramo
The province of Teramo (Italian: provincia di Teramo; Abruzzese: pruvìngie de Tèreme) is a province in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Teramo. The province has an area of 1,948 square kilometres (752 sq mi), a population of 313,029 (2012), and is subdivided into 47 comuni (sg.: comune), see comunes of the province of Teramo. The province of Teramo shares its northern border with the province of Ascoli Piceno in the Marche region, southern and southwestern borders with the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region, and a western border with the province of Rieti in the Lazio region. To the south is the province of Pescara in the Abruzzo region and to the east is the Adriatic Sea.
United Progressive Party (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
The United Progressive Party (UPP) is a political party in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The party was formed on 2 January 2020.  Its ideology centers on progressivism and decentralization. They had planned to contest the 2020 Vincentian general election, but suspended their campaign on 3 October. Mark J.N Doyle, the party chair, announced that the UPP would contest in 2025 instead; for 2020, he expressed support for the New Democratic Party over the incumbent Unity Labour Party. Their logo is heavily influenced by that of the Jamaica Labour Party.

2020 Vincentian general election
General elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 5 November 2020. Nomination day was 20 October 2020. The result was a victory for the Unity Labour Party, its fifth in a row; the party won nine of the fifteen seats, gaining one seat. These elections marked the first time since 1998 that the party which received the most votes did not win the most seats and the first time since 1994 that the New Democratic Party won the popular vote.
Daniel Kearns (designer)
Daniel Kearns (born 15 April 1975) is an Irish designer with a master's degree in menswear from the Royal College of Art. He has held menswear designer positions at Alexander Mc Queen and John Galliano. From 2005-2010 he was Design Director of menswear at Alexander McQueen and in March 2011 he was made menswear Design Director at Yves Saint Laurent. Kearns has consulted for Zegna, Louis Vuitton and Roberto Cavalli, he was made Artistic Director of French Brand Faconnable in 2013. He left his position at Faconnable in April 2015. Kearns was appointed Creative Director of Kent & Curwen in 2016, the British heritage brand that was relaunched with David Beckham. In June 2020 Kearns was made Group Creative Director of Trinity Brands overseeing the creative studios of Gieves & Hawkes, Cerruti 1881 as well as Kent & Curwen. In 2023, under new ownership, he returned to Kent & Curwen and Cerruti as Chief Creative Officer, leading collections across menswear, womenswear, and accessories.

Kent & Curwen
Kent & Curwen is a British retailer, established in 1926 in London by Eric Kent and Dorothy Curwen.  It is owned by Biem. L. Fdlkk Garment Group. First making its name supplying ties for Oxford and Cambridge universities, over the decades, Kent & Curwen expanded its offerings, introducing the cricket jumper in the 1930s. The brand has also outfitted staff uniforms at several British institutions including the Wimbledon Championships. Today, it is under the direction of Designer Daniel Kearns.
Joseph Wilkie
Joseph Wilkie (30 August 1828 – 10 December 1875) was an English music merchant and politician. In 1850 with John Webster, he co-founded Wilkie & Webster, a music warehouse in Collins Street, Melbourne, which eventually became Allans Music after George Allan became the sole proprietor. Wilkie served as an early member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1857 to 1861, representing the districts of West Bourke and Polwarth & South Grenville. In 1871, he was declared a lunatic, and restrained at the mental asylum in Cremorne before being returned to England, where he died in 1875.

Allans Music
Allans Music was a chain of music stores in Australia. It sold all categories of musical instruments, instrument accessories and sheet music. In 2010 it became Allans Billy Hyde, but collapsed in 2012. It collapsed again in 2018, but into voluntary administration. Shortly after, the Australian Taxation Office ordered the company to enter liquidation. The Billy Hyde Music brand was brought back to life in 2019 by the Dale Cleves Music Group and is now family owned again, and trading in South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia.
Manfred Krankl
Manfred Krankl is an Austrian-born winemaker and the founder, alongside his wife Elaine, of the California winery Sine Qua Non. Established in 1993, the winery is renowned for its limited-production wines crafted from blends of Rhône grape varieties. Sine Qua Non is characterized by its innovative, non-repetitive wine styles and its status as a highly sought-after "cult" wine producer due to the extreme difficulty in obtaining its bottles. Krankl moved to the United States in 1980 prior to starting his winery.

Sine Qua Non (wine)
Sine Qua Non (commonly abbreviated as SQN) is a California winery that is known for its limited-production and expensive wines made from blends of Rhône grape varieties. Each release is allocated and directly sold to a mailing list of customers. As of 2018, the wait to join the mailing list was about 9 years. The winery is located in Ventura County and was founded in 1993 by Austrian Manfred Krankl, who emigrated to the US in 1980.

The name of the winery, Sine Qua Non, is a Latin phrase translated as "absolutely indispensable". The wines themselves are given frequently changing names such as Queen of Spades, Twisted & Bent, Imposter McCoy, The Bride, Poker Face, and Red Handed. The bottles are unusually shaped with distinctive labels featuring Manfred Krankl's own artwork.
Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion
Clarence, the Cross-Eyed Lion is a 1965 light comedy-adventure film, produced by Ivan Tors, Leonard B. Kaufman, and Harry Redmond Jr., directed by Andrew Marton, and starring Marshall Thompson and Betsy Drake. The film was shot at Soledad Canyon, California, and in Miami, Florida. It became the basis for the television series Daktari.

Daktari
Daktari (Swahili for "doctor") is an American family drama series that aired on CBS between 1966 and 1969. The series is an Ivan Tors Films Production in association with MGM Television starring Marshall Thompson as Marsh Tracy, a veterinarian at the fictional Wameru Study Center for Animal Behavior in East Africa.
Green Island FC
Green Island is an amateur association football club in Green Island, Dunedin, New Zealand. They play in the Southern Premier League and most recently won the league in 2020. From 2021-23 they played in the Southern League (tier 2)

The Green Island Association Football Club was first formed and accepted into the Otago Football Association in 1896 as the Green Island Football club situated at Harroways ground, Burnside. Disbanded during the war years and reformed in the late 1940s. The clubrooms were situated at Miller Park until the Abbotsford slip in 1979 forced the club to move to its present site at Sunnyvale.

Southern League (New Zealand)
The Southern League, known as the Dettol Southern League for sponsorship reasons, is a competition organized by the New Zealand Football, run by the Mainland Football and the Southern Football, for association football clubs located in the South Island of New Zealand. It is a New Zealand top-tier competition during the winter season, and sits at step two overall under the summer National League.
I quattro libri dell'architettura
I quattro libri dell'architettura (The Four Books of Architecture) is a treatise on architecture by the architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580), written in Italian. It was first published in four volumes in 1570 in Venice, illustrated with woodcuts after the author's own drawings. It has been reprinted and translated many times, often in single-volume format.

Book I was first published in English in 1663 in a London edition by Godfrey Richards. The first complete English language edition was published in London by the Italian-born architect Giacomo Leoni in 1715–1720.

Giacomo Leoni
Giacomo Leoni (Italian: [leˈoːni]; 1686 – 8 June 1746), also known as James Leoni, was an Italian architect, born in Venice. He was a devotee of the work of Florentine Renaissance architect Leon Battista Alberti, who had also been an inspiration for Andrea Palladio. Leoni thus served as a prominent exponent of Palladianism in English architecture, beginning in earnest around 1720. Also loosely referred to as Georgian, this style is rooted in Italian Renaissance architecture.

Having previously worked in Düsseldorf, Leoni arrived in England, where he was to make his name, in 1714, aged 28. His fresh, uncluttered designs, with just a hint of Baroque flamboyance, brought him to the attention of prominent patrons of the arts.
74th Street (Manhattan)
40°46′13″N 73°57′27″W﻿ / ﻿40.770239°N 73.957393°W﻿ / 40.770239; -73.957393

74th Street is an east–west street carrying pedestrian traffic and eastbound automotive/bicycle traffic in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs through the Upper East Side neighborhood (in ZIP code 10021, where it is known as East 74th Street), and the Upper West Side neighborhood (in ZIP code 10023, where it is known as West 74th Street), on both sides of Central Park.

Lena Horne
Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American singer, actress, dancer and civil rights activist. Horne's career spanned more than seventy years and covered film, television and theater.

Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of sixteen and became a nightclub performer before moving on to Hollywood and Broadway. A groundbreaking Black-American performer, Horne advocated for civil rights and took part in the March on Washington in August 1963. Later she returned to her roots as a nightclub performer and continued to work on television while releasing well-received record albums. She announced her retirement in March 1980, but the next year starred in a one-woman show, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music, which ran for more than 300 performances on Broadway. She then toured the country in the show, earning numerous awards and accolades. Horne continued recording and performing sporadically into the 1990s, withdrawing from the public eye in 2000.
2019 UK Independence Party leadership election
The 2019 UK Independence Party leadership election took place following the departure on 2 June of Gerard Batten from the leadership of the UK Independence Party. The result was announced on 10 August 2019, with Richard Braine being elected to lead the party. This was the party's fifth leadership election in three years. Braine resigned just two months later, triggering a sixth leadership election.

Richard Braine (politician)
Richard William Maguire Braine (born April 1968) is a British software developer, photographer, and political figure who was leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) between 10 August 2019 and 30 October 2019.
Jaén Airport
Jaén Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Jaén) also known as Shumba Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Shumba) (IATA: JAE, ICAO: SPJE) is an airport serving Jaén, the capital of Jaén Province in the Cajamarca Region of Peru. It is owned and operated by CORPAC S.A.

The airport is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) north of the city. There is rising terrain to the east.

Jaén, Peru
Jaén (Spanish: [xaˈen] ⓘ), founded as San Leandro de Jaén and then known as Jerez de la Frontera (later Nueva Jerez de la Frontera) and finally as Jaén de Bracamoros since April 1549, is a city which is the capital of the Jaén Province in the Cajamarca Region in Peru, located in the high jungle of northern Peru. It is the seat of the Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of St. Francis Xavier, also known as Apostolic Vicariate of Jaén en Peru.
From Fishing Hamlet To Red Planet
From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey edited by P. V. Manoranjan Rao, B. N. Suresh and V. P. Balagangadharan — all of them former scientists of the Indian Space Research Organization — is a book that traces the history of India's space organization, Indian Space Research Organization.

Its sequel—Ever Upwards: ISRO in Images—a coffee table book on ISRO's history was published in 2019. These two books are considered to be the most authoritative and official history of the Indian Space Research Organisation—the only history books to have been authorized by the space organization.

P. V. Manoranjan Rao
P. V. Manoranjan Rao is a veteran space scientist and author from India. In his career spanning over three decades — including over two decades at the Indian Space Research Organisation's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre — he has done extensive research in areas including the physics of lightning discharge, ionospheric physics, magnetospheric physics, VLF and ELF wave propagation, electrostatics of launch vehicles, electrostatic charging of communications satellites, EMI/EMC and lightning protection for launch vehicles. He has edited and authored three books on India's space history.
The Story of Frank and Nina
The Story of Frank and Nina (Italian: La storia del Frank e della Nina) is a 2024 Italian comedy-drama film co-written and directed by Paola Randi. It premiered at the 81st edition of the Venice Film Festival, in the Orizzonti Extra section.

81st Venice International Film Festival
The 81st annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 28 August to 7 September 2024, at Venice Lido in Italy.

French actress Isabelle Huppert served as Jury President for the main competition. Italian actress and model Sveva Alviti hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. The Golden Lion was awarded to The Room Next Door by Pedro Almodóvar.

Australian filmmaker Peter Weir and American actress Sigourney Weaver received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement during the festival.

The festival opened with Beetlejuice Beetlejuice by Tim Burton, and closed with The American Backyard by Pupi Avati.
Mio Technology
Mio Technology Corporation (Chinese: 宇達電通股份有限公司), a subsidiary of MiTAC International Corporation, is a Taiwanese electronics maker that manufactures and markets pocket PCs, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones and personal navigation devices (PNDs).  It sells products under the "Navman" and "Mio" brands.

Mio Technology currently has operations in Taiwan, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. Mio Technology is among the world's top three personal navigation device vendors, which also includes TomTom International BV and Garmin Ltd. Currently they make car and bicycle navigation units and dashboard cameras.

Personal navigation assistant
A Personal Navigation Assistant (PNA) also known as Personal Navigation Device or Portable Navigation Device (PND) is a portable electronic product which combines a positioning capability (such as GPS) and navigation functions.

Some PNA devices are PDAs with limited features and can be unlocked.
Oleksander Tysovsky
Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky (Ukrainian: Олександер Тисовський alternately Oleksandr Tysowskyj) (August 9, 1886 – March 29, 1968), pseudonym: "Drot", founded the Ukrainian Scouting organization Plast in 1911 and adapted the universal Scout principles to the needs and interests of Ukrainian youth. In 1944 he emigrated to Vienna. He became involved in Plast in exile, as well, and took part in a camp celebrating the 45th anniversary of Plast in Plastova Sich in Canada in 1957. He died in Vienna 1968 and was buried in Vienna.
He was reburied in the famous Lychakivskiy Cemetery in Lviv in 2002.

Lychakiv Cemetery
The Lychakiv Cemetery (Ukrainian: Личаківський цвинтар, romanized: Lychakivskyi tsvyntar; Polish: Cmentarz Łyczakowski we Lwowie), officially titled State History and Culture Museum-Reserve "Lychakiv Cemetery" (Ukrainian: Державний історико-культурний музей-заповідник «Личаківський цвинтар»), is a historic cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine.
Field extension
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, a field extension is a pair of fields , such that the operations of K are those of L restricted to K. In this case, L is an extension field of K and K is a subfield of L. For example, under the usual notions of addition and multiplication, the complex numbers are an extension field of the real numbers; the real numbers are a subfield of the complex numbers.

Field extensions are fundamental in algebraic number theory, and in the study of polynomial roots through Galois theory, and are widely used in algebraic geometry.

Characteristic (algebra)
In mathematics, the characteristic of a ring R, often denoted char(R), is defined to be the smallest positive number of copies of the ring's multiplicative identity (1) that will sum to the additive identity (0). If no such number exists, the ring is said to have characteristic zero.

That is, char(R) is the smallest positive number n such that:(p 198, Thm. 23.14)

if such a number n exists, and 0 otherwise.