hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Bilhaud
Paul Bilhaud (31 December 1854 – 8 January 1933) was a French playwright and librettist. An old friend of the author Alphonse Allais, he is remembered along his friend as a forerunner of minimalism with his painting Combat de nègres pendant la nuit ("Battle of Negroes during the night"), displayed for the first time in 1882, more than thirty years before the Black Square by Kazimir Malevich. It had been missing since that time until it was rediscovered in a private collection in 2017–2018. It has been classified as a National Treasure by the French state. Bilhaud was not the first to create an all-black artwork: for example, Robert Fludd published an image of "Darkness" in his 1617 book on the origin and structure of the cosmos; and Bertall published his black Vue de La Hogue (effet de nuit) in 1843. Inspired by Bilhaud, Alphonse Allais proposed other monochrome paintings, published in his Album primo-avrilesque in 1897.

Album primo-avrilesque
Album primo-avrilesque is a monograph by French writer, artist and humourist Alphonse Allais. The slim volume of 26 octavo landscape pages, 18.5 by 12 centimetres (7.3 in × 4.7 in), bound with card, was published by Paul Ollendorff in Paris on 1 April 1897, and was sold for one franc. The work is generally known by its French title, which may be translated into English as "April Fool-ish album".
Hacienda Juanita
Hacienda Juanita (built 1833-34) is a coffee plantation hacienda in the town of Maricao, Puerto Rico. The  design is based on typical Puerto Rican culture, and was commissioned by the wife of a Spanish official. Coffee production at the hacienda declined from the 1960s.

Maricao, Puerto Rico
Maricao (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾiˈkao]) is a town and the second-least populous municipality of Puerto Rico; it is located at the western edge of the Cordillera Central. It is a small town set around a small square in hilly terrain, north of San Germán, Sabana Grande and Yauco; south of Las Marías and Lares, southeast of Mayagüez, and west of Adjuntas. Maricao has 7 barrios including Maricao Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city).

The town borders the Maricao Fish Hatchery, a fish hatchery made up of tanks and pools in a garden setting, where some 25,000 fish are raised yearly to stock farm fishponds and island lakes. The hatchery is part of the Maricao State Forest, also known as Monte del Estado. Though of dryer vegetation than the other mountain forest, Maricao is home to large number of bird species. Its stone observation tower provides far-flung views to the coast and the Mona Passage.

Maricao has a 2020 census population of 4,455.
Necronauts
Necronauts was a story appearing in the British comics anthology 2000 AD, by British comics writer Gordon Rennie and artist Frazer Irving. It brought Irving to public attention as his high contrast black and white artwork complemented Rennie's dark storyline.

Gordon Rennie
Gordon Rennie is a Scottish comics writer, responsible for White Trash: Moronic Inferno, as well as several comic strips for 2000 AD and novels for Warhammer Fantasy.

In May 2008, he announced he was leaving comics to concentrate full-time on video games which "are more fun, pay better and have a brighter future". However, he has since written several new series for 2000 AD, Titan and others.
2005 Australian Football International Cup
The 2005 Australian Football International Cup was the second time that the Australian Football International Cup tournament, an international Australian rules football competition was held.

The event was hosted by both Melbourne and Wangaratta, Australia, in 2005.

10 nations participated following the late withdrawal of both Nauru and Denmark and the introduction of Spain.

All sides were scheduled to play 4 games, after which the top 4 sides played off in semi-finals for a berth in the Grand Final decider. The Grand Final was between Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. Both sides went through the tournament undefeated. It was played as a curtain raiser to an official Australian Football League premiership season match and was replayed on Fox Sports (Australia) and the Fox Footy Channel.

New Zealand were crowned international champions for the first time.

Wangaratta
Wangaratta (/ˌwæŋɡəˈrætə/ WANG-gə-RAT-ə) is a city in the northeast of Victoria, Australia,  236 km (147 mi) from Melbourne along the Hume Highway. The city had a population of 29,808 per the 2021 Australian Census.

The city is located at the junction of the Ovens and King rivers, which drain the northwestern slopes of the Victorian Alps. Wangaratta is the administrative centre and the most populous city in the Rural City of Wangaratta local government area.
Trent from Punchy
Trent from Punchy is a fictional YouTube celebrity. Trent first appeared in a YouTube video entitled Trent from Punchy, in a reference to the Western Sydney suburb of Punchbowl on 1 February 2008.  The video purported Trent to be a real character, who was found by filmmakers at Punchbowl railway station and offered $20 in order to be interviewed on camera. Trent's antics and language gained notoriety, enabling the video to become a viral sensation.

The video was later revealed to have been staged, with Trent found to be fictional character portrayed by actor and comedian Nicholas Boshier, though additional videos starring Boshier in character as Trent have since been made. In 2011, the character appeared in a promotional skit for the television series Housos.

Nicholas Boshier
Nicholas Boshier is an Australian actor. Boshier gained fame after he was revealed to be the actor portraying YouTube celebrity Trent from Punchy, a character whom the film's director Anthony MacFarlane had previously lied about and insisted was genuine. Boshier went on to develop the cartoon Beached Az along with Macfarlane and Jarod Green, with Boshier voicing the main character of the whale. In 2014 he starred alongside Christiaan Van Vuuren in the series Soul Mates; Boshier and Van Vuuren had previously collaborated on the web series Bondi Hipsters.
Kinchafoonee Creek
Kinchafoonee Creek (/kɪntʃəˈfuːniː/ kinch-ə-FOO-nee) is a creek in southwest Georgia. It originates near Buena Vista and flows southeasterly for 91.8 miles (147.7 km) to the Flint River near Albany, Georgia.

Its name comes from the Creek word for "mortar nutshells", which refers to a type of nutcracker.

The creek flows through Chattahoochee, Marion, Dougherty, Lee, Terrell, and Webster (formerly Kinchafoonee) counties.

Lee County, Georgia
Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,163. The county was established in 1825 and its county seat is Leesburg. Lee County is included in the Albany, Georgia metropolitan area.
KGUM (AM)
KGUM (567 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Hagåtña, Guam.

Owned by Sorensen Media Group, it broadcasts a news/talk format branded as News Talk K57. Although KGUM broadcasts on 567 kHz, most U.S. radios tune in 10 kHz increments only; the station has thus marketed itself as being on the next nearest frequency, 570. Stations in Guam fall within the jurisdiction of the Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975, instead of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement used in the U.S. mainland and Hawaii.

KGUM's sister stations include FM stations KZGZ and KGUM-FM, TV stations KTGM and KEQI-LD, and additional stations in the Northern Mariana Islands.

KEQI-LD
KEQI-LD (channel 22) is a low-power television station in Dededo, Guam, serving the U.S. territory as an affiliate of the Fox network. It is owned by Sorensen Media Group and operated by Lilly Broadcasting alongside ABC affiliate KTGM (channel 14). The two stations share studios on 111 Chalan Santo Papa in Hagåtña (Agana); KEQI-LD's transmitter is located in the heights of Barigåda (Barrigada).

KEQI-LD's signal can be seen over the air in Hagåtña (Agana), Tamuneng (Tamuning), and Dededo. Its programming is also available island-wide on KTGM's second digital subchannel, on cable channel 6 on MCV Broadband and GTA's GUdTV systems in Guam, and on cable channel 10 on MCV Broadband in the Northern Mariana Islands.
Forbes River (New Zealand)
The Forbes River is a river in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. It arises in the Two Thumb Range and flows east into the Havelock River which joins the Rangitata River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean. The river was named by Julius von Haast after James David Forbes, Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh in the mid 19th century.

James David Forbes
James David Forbes FRS FRSE FGS (1809–1868) was a Scottish physicist and glaciologist who worked extensively on the conduction of heat and seismology. Forbes was a resident of Edinburgh for most of his life, educated at its University and a professor there from 1833 until he became principal of the United College of St Andrews in 1859.
The Wahoo Bobcat
The Wahoo Bobcat is a children's book written by publisher and naturalist Joseph Wharton Lippincott and illustrated by Paul Bransom, and first published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1950. Lippincott wrote 17 books about animals and nature. He wrote two books set in Florida, one of which was The Wahoo Bobcat.

Joseph Wharton Lippincott
Joseph Wharton Lippincott (February 28, 1887 – October 22, 1976) was a noted publisher, author, naturalist, and sportsman. He was the grandson of Joshua Ballinger Lippincott, founder of Philadelphia publisher J.B. Lippincott Company, and of industrialist Joseph Wharton, founder of the Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania.
Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute
The Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) is a Hispanic nonprofit and nonpartisan 501(c)(3) leadership development organization established in 1978 by organizing members of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus (CHC) and is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

The institution is governed by voting members of its board of directors and supported by an advisory council composed of Members of Congress, corporate executives, industry experts, nonprofit leaders, and community advocates.

U.S. Representative for Florida's 9th congressional district, Representative Darren Soto, currently holds the position of CHCI Chair, and Marco A. Davis serves as president and CEO.

Baltasar Corrada del Río
Baltasar Corrada del Río (April 10, 1935 – March 11, 2018) was a Puerto Rican politician. He held various high political offices in the island, including President of the Puerto Rico Civil Rights Commission, Resident Commissioner (1977–1985), Mayor of the capital city of San Juan (1985–1989), Puerto Rico's 15th Secretary of State (1993–1995) and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1995–2005). He was also the unsuccessful NPP candidate for Governor in the elections of 1988.
Let's Not
"Let's Not" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov.  It was first published in Boston University Graduate Journal in December 1954. It was written for no payment as a favor to the journal, and later appeared in the 1975 collection Buy Jupiter and Other Stories.

Buy Jupiter and Other Stories
Buy Jupiter and Other Stories is a 1975 collection of short stories by American writer Isaac Asimov. Each story is introduced by a short account of how it came to be written and what was happening in Asimov's life at the time, and follows on from where The Early Asimov (1972) left off. In the introduction, Asimov explains that his objective is to tell enough of his autobiography in his short story collections so that his editors will stop asking him to write an actual autobiography. (However he eventually wrote three volumes of autobiography anyway.) The collection was voted 13th in the 1976 Locus Award competition for the Best Single Author Collection.
Accredited Economic Development Organization
The Accredited Economic Development Organization (AEDO) program was created by the International Economic Development Council (IEDC), based in Washington, D.C. "to meet the needs of economic developers."

IEDC is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping economic developers do their job more effectively and raising the profile of the profession. IEDC membership represents the entire range of the profession ranging from regional, state, local, rural, urban, and international economic development organizations, as well as chambers of commerce, technology development agencies, utility companies, educational institutions, consultants and redevelopment authorities.

International Economic Development Council
The International Economic Development Council (IEDC)  is a non-profit membership organization serving economic developers. With more than 4,500 members, IEDC is the largest national and global organization of its kind.

IEDC is located in Washington, D.C., and is governed by a board of directors and by the president and CEO, currently Nathan Ohle.   As a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, IEDC is legally barred from endorsing political candidates and may only engage in limited lobbying activities.

IEDC's strategic directives include the core topics of globalization, sustainability, entrepreneurship, and economic restructuring. IEDC works with communities and economic development organizations to weave these core topics into pertinent economic development projects, such as community revitalization, business development, and job creation nationwide and abroad.
Ferial Ghazoul
Ferial Jabouri Ghazoul is an Iraqi scholar, critic, and translator. She was educated in Iraq, Lebanon, Britain, France, and the USA. She obtained her PhD in comparative literature from Columbia University in 1978. Currently, she is chair and professor of English and comparative literature at the American University in Cairo.

Muhammad Afifi Matar
Muhammad Afifi Matar (Arabic: محمد عفيفي مطر; 1935 – 28 June 2010), was an Egyptian poet. He was born in the village of Ramalat al-Anjab in the Menoufia region of the Nile Delta. He went to school in Menouf and afterwards moved to Cairo where he studied philosophy at Ain Shams University.
Temporalities
Temporalities (bona temporalia, from Latin tempus, "time", plural: Temporalia or Temporalien, "temporal goods") are the secular properties and possessions of the Catholic Church. The term is most often used to describe those properties (a Stift in German or sticht in Dutch) that were used to support a bishop or other religious person or establishment. Its opposite are spiritualities.

Spiritualities
Spiritualities is a term, often used in the Middle Ages, that refers to the income sources of a diocese or other ecclesiastical establishment that came from tithes. It also referred to income that came from other religious sources, such as offerings from church services or ecclesiastical fines.

Under canon law, spiritualities were only allowed to the clergy.

In the 19th century, the spiritualities (or spirituals) were revenues connected with the spiritual duties and the cure of souls, and they consisted almost entirely of tithes, glebe lands, and houses.
Lustmühle railway station
Lustmühle station is a railway station in the Ortschaft of Lustmühle in the municipality of Teufen, in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland. It is located along Hauptstrasse on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) Appenzell–St. Gallen–Trogen line of Appenzell Railways (Appenzeller Bahnen, AB), and is served by local light rail trains only.

Appenzell–St. Gallen–Trogen railway
The Appenzell–St. Gallen–Trogen railway, also known as the Durchmesserlinie (lit. 'diameter line'), is a metre gauge interurban tramway in the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden and Ausserrhoden and the city of St. Gallen. It is the steepest adhesion railway in Switzerland with a gradient of up to 8.0% and forms part of the network of the Appenzell Railways (Appenzeller Bahnen, AB). The line's two branches were completed in sections between 1889 and 1904 by the St. Gallen-Gais-Appenzell-Altstätten Railway and the Trogen Railway. The two lines were connected by the AB with a cross-city route through St. Gallen in 2018. The line is operated by light rails of AB, which run as S20, S21 and S22 services of the St. Gallen S-Bahn.
Mount Direction, Tasmania
Mount Direction is a locality and small rural community in the local government areas of Launceston and George Town, in the Launceston and North-east regions of Tasmania. It is located about 27 kilometres (17 mi) north-west of the town of Launceston. The Tamar River forms a small section of the south-western boundary. The 2016 census determined a population of 246 for the state suburb of Mount Direction.

City of Launceston
Launceston City Council (or City of Launceston) is a local government body in Tasmania, located in the city and surrounds of Launceston in the north of the state. The Launceston local government area is classified as urban, encompassing localities including Lilydale, Targa and through to Swan Bay on the eastern side of the Tamar River.
Dero A. Saunders
Dero Ames Saunders (1914–2002) was an American journalist and classical scholar.

He was born in Starkville, Mississippi. A graduate of Dartmouth College, he was executive editor of Forbes magazine from 1960–1981 and continued to edit a regular column until 1999.

As a reporter for Fortune magazine in 1957 he conducted the only known press interview with reclusive American businessman Daniel Ludwig.

With John H. Collins he compiled a noted translation of Theodor Mommsen's History of Rome. He is also known for his abridged version of Edward Gibbon's The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

The History of Rome (Mommsen)
The History of Rome (German: Römische Geschichte) is a multi-volume history of ancient Rome written by Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903). Originally published by Reimer & Hirzel, Leipzig, as three volumes during 1854–1856, the work dealt with the Roman Republic. A subsequent book was issued which concerned the provinces of the Roman Empire. In 1992, a further book on the Empire, reconstructed from lecture notes, was published. The initial three volumes won widespread acclaim upon publication; indeed, "The Roman History made Mommsen famous in a day."  Still read and qualifiedly cited, it is the prolific Mommsen's most well-known work. The work was specifically cited when Mommsen was awarded the Nobel Prize.
George Simon Harcourt
George Simon Harcourt (28 February 1807 – 24 October 1871) was a British politician.

The son of John Simon Harcourt of Ankerwycke, Harcourt was educated at Eton School and Christ Church, Oxford.  In 1834, he served as High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire.  He stood in the 1837 Buckinghamshire by-election, winning the seat for the Conservative Party, and he held the seat at the 1837 UK general election.  In Parliament, he was considered to be on the liberal wing of the party, with a particular interest in agricultural matters.  He stood down at the 1841 UK general election.

In 1834, Harcourt commissioned a large house, built in a pseudo-Norman style on Magna Carta Island, in the River Thames in Surrey. The island is a claimed site of the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 and within the house there is still a large inscribed stone that Harcourt installed to commemorate the signing. The house is now Grade II listed.

Magna Carta Island
Magna Carta Island is an ait in the River Thames in England, on the reach above Bell Weir Lock. It is in Berkshire facing water-meadows forming Runnymede. Its civil and ecclesiastical parish is Wraysbury so it was transferred from Buckinghamshire to Berkshire in 1974.
Pearl GTL
The Pearl GTL is a gas to liquids (GTL) plant based in Ras Laffan, Qatar. It converts natural gas into liquid petroleum products.  It is the largest GTL plant in the world.  The first commercial shipment from the Pearl GTL was made on 13 June 2011. Pearl GTL received the 2021 "Asset of the Year" award by Shell.

Ras Laffan Industrial City
Ras Laffan Industrial City (Arabic: راس لفان, romanized: Ra’s Lafān) is a Qatari industrial hub located 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Doha. It is administered by QatarEnergy.

Ras Laffan Industrial City is Qatar's main site for production of liquefied natural gas and gas-to-liquid. It hosts among others ORYX GTL and Pearl GTL plants, QatarEnergy LNG plants, and the Dolphin gas processing plant, the Laffan Refinery, and Ras Laffan A, B, and C integrated water and power plants. With an enclosed water area of approximately 4,500 hectares Ras Laffan Port is the largest artificial harbour in the world and contains the world's largest LNG export facility.
Saurav Panja
Saurav Panja (born 15 March 1977) is an Indian former tennis player.

Panja has a career high ATP singles ranking of 863 achieved on 12 July 1999. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 290 achieved on 10 July 2000.

Panja reached the doubles final of the 2000 Gold Flake Open with Srinath Prahlad.

2000 Gold Flake Open
The 2000 Gold Flake Open was a men's tennis tournament played on |outdoor hard courts in Chennai, India, that was part of the World Series of the 1999 ATP Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 3 January until 10 January 2000. Fourth-seeded Jérôme Golmard won the singles title.
Kruskal's tree theorem
In mathematics, Kruskal's tree theorem states that the set of finite trees over a well-quasi-ordered set of labels is itself well-quasi-ordered under homeomorphic embedding.

A finitary application of the theorem gives the existence of the fast-growing TREE function. TREE(3) is one of the largest simply defined finite numbers, dwarfing other large numbers such as Graham's number and googolplex.

Paris–Harrington theorem
In mathematical logic, the Paris–Harrington theorem states that a certain claim in Ramsey theory, namely the strengthened finite Ramsey theorem, which is expressible in Peano arithmetic, is not provable in this system. That Ramsey-theoretic claim is, however, provable in slightly stronger systems.

This result has been described by some (such as the editor of the Handbook of Mathematical Logic in the references below) as the first "natural" example of a true statement about the integers that could be stated in the language of arithmetic, but not proved in Peano arithmetic; it was already known that such statements existed by Gödel's first incompleteness theorem. Some authors, such as Rathjenp. 4 and Kripkep. 5, consider Gentzen's theorem an earlier example and work of Reuben Goodstein deserving some credit.
GovPay
GovPay is a digital payment platform launched by the Government of Sri Lanka to streamline and modernise payment processes for government services. Officially introduced on 7 February 2025, under the patronage of President Anura Kumara Dissanayake, GovPay represents a significant step toward the digitalization of public services in Sri Lanka. This is a joint initiative of the Ministry of Digital Economy, Information and Communication Technology Agency (ICTA), LankaPay and the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, aims to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in citizen-government financial interactions. The platform serves as a centralised "Citizen's One Stop Shop" for online payments, catering to individuals and businesses.

Information and Communication Technology Agency of Sri Lanka
The Information and Communication Technology Agency (ICTA; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්‍ෂණ නියෝජිතායතනය, romanized: Shri Lanka Thorathuru Ha Sannivedana Thakshana Niyojithayathanaya; Tamil: இலங்கையின் தகவல் தொடர்பாடல் தொழில்நுட்ப முகவர் நிலையம், romanized: Ilaṅkaiyiṉ takaval toṭarpāṭal toḻilnuṭpa mukavar nilaiyam) is the lead agency in Sri Lanka for implementation of information and communications technology (ICT) initiatives by the Government of Sri Lanka. It was established to develop the economy of Sri Lanka through ICT. To this end, it works to improve the country's technological capacity, such as building infrastructure, and the readiness of its people, through education and human resources. It is also active in developing regulations around the use of technology and disseminating information worldwide about Sri Lankan ICT. Its current Chairman is Prof. Malik Ranasinghe.