hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mardi ibn Ali al-Tarsusi
Mardi ibn Ali al-Tarsusi was a 12th-century Ayyubid-era writer and expert on military matters.  He wrote a number of treatises, including a military manual for Saladin in 1187. His writings have proved an invaluable resource for medieval and military historians.

Tarsusi 1187 military manual describes various throwing machines including mangonels and trebuchets.

In On the Social Origins of Medieval Institutions, more detailed quotes by Tarsusi may be found on the various types of trebuchets.

The well known treatise was entitled Tabsirat arbab al-albab fi kayfiyat al-najah fi al-hurub min al-anwa' wa-nashr he manini ahla renoshr a'lam al-a'lam fi al-'udad wa-al-alat al-mu'inah 'ala liqa' al-a'da', or "Information for the intelligent on how to escape injury in combat; and the unfurling of the banners of instruction on equipment and engines which assist in encounters with enemies."

Trebuchet
A trebuchet (French: trébuchet) is a type of catapult that uses a hinged arm with a sling attached to the tip to launch a projectile. It was a common powerful siege engine until the advent of gunpowder. The design of a trebuchet allows it to launch projectiles of greater weights and further distances than a traditional catapult.

There are two main types of trebuchet. The first is the traction trebuchet, or mangonel, which uses manpower to swing the arm. It first appeared in China by the 4th century BC. It spread westward, possibly via the Avars, and was adopted by the Byzantines, Persians, Arabs, and other neighboring peoples by the sixth to seventh centuries AD.

The later, and often larger and more powerful, counterweight trebuchet, also known as the counterpoise trebuchet, uses a counterweight to swing the arm. It appeared in both Christian and Muslim lands around the Mediterranean in the 12th century, and was carried back to China by the Mongols in the 13th century.
Days of the Bagnold Summer (film)
Days of the Bagnold Summer is a 2019 British coming-of-age comedy-drama film directed by Simon Bird (in his feature film directorial debut), starring Monica Dolan, Earl Cave, Rob Brydon, Tamsin Greig, and Tim Key, with a musical score by Belle and Sebastian. The film was based on the 2012 graphic novel of the same name by Joff Winterhart, adapted for the screen by Bird’s wife Lisa Owens.

The film premiered at the 2019 Locarno Film Festival. As of October 2021, the film holds a 92% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 51 reviews with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Days of the Bagnold Summer draws on well-rounded performances from its leads to fill in the familiar outlines of its coming-of-age story with gentle humor and tender insight."

Simon Bird
Simon Antony Bird (born 19 August 1984) is an English comedian, actor, director and producer. He is best known for playing Will McKenzie in the multi-award-winning E4 comedy series The Inbetweeners (2008–2010), as well as its two films (2011 and 2014), and Adam Goodman in the Channel 4 comedy series Friday Night Dinner (2011–2020). He is set to appear in Shawn Levy's Star Wars: Starfighter (2027).
East Island (Lacepede Islands)
East Island is an island within the Lacepede Islands group, which sits about 30 kilometres (20 mi) off the coast of the Dampier Peninsula in north-west Western Australia. It is located at 16°54′S 122°11′E﻿ / ﻿16.900°S 122.183°E﻿ / -16.900; 122.183. It is the site of the East Island Lighthouse. It forms part of the Lacepede Islands Important Bird Area (IBA), so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds.

East Island was originally named Grant Island by 19th century guano miners, after US President Ulysses Grant.

East Island Lighthouse (Western Australia)
East Island Lighthouse is a lighthouse on East Island in the Lacepede Islands off the north west coast of Western Australia.

First commissioned in 1984, it is a 23-metre (75 ft) high lattice metal tower, with the light's focal plane positioned at 33 metres (108 ft) above sea level. The light characteristic is two flashes every ten seconds.
The Firm (rock band)
The Firm were a British rock supergroup formed in 1984, featuring singer Paul Rodgers, guitarist Jimmy Page, drummer Chris Slade, and bassist Tony Franklin. The band released two albums in 1985 and 1986 and eventually saw their greatest chart success with the songs "Radioactive", "All the King's Horses", and "Satisfaction Guaranteed".

Radioactive (The Firm song)
"Radioactive" is a song by English rock band The Firm. It was the first single released from their eponymous debut album The Firm, where it was the fifth track. It was written by Paul Rodgers. Rodgers still performs this song during his solo sets and it appears on the 2007 Paul Rodgers: Live In Glasgow DVD.
Songbird (character)
Songbird (Melissa Gold), formerly known as Screaming Mimi, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Originally a supervillain, she possesses supersonic sound abilities that can cause a variety of effects.

Masters of Evil
The Masters of Evil is a supervillain team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first version of the team appeared in The Avengers #6 (July 1964), with the lineup continually changing over the years.
Côte-Vertu station
Côte-Vertu station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Saint-Laurent in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Orange Line. It opened on November 3, 1986 and has been the western terminus of the Orange Line since that date, having taken over from Du Collège station.

Société de transport de Montréal
The Société de transport de Montréal (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete də tʁɑ̃spɔʁ də mɔ̃ʁeal], STM; lit. 'Montreal Transit Corporation') is a public transport agency that operates transit bus and rapid transit services in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Established in 1861 as the "Montreal City Passenger Railway Company", it has grown to comprise four subway lines with a total of 68 stations, as well as 221 bus routes and 23 night routes. The STM was created in 2002 to replace the Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM; lit. 'Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation'). The STM operates the second most heavily used urban mass transit system in Canada. As of 2023, the average daily ridership is 1,745,700 passengers: 686,300 by bus, 1,063,500 by rapid transit and 13,100 by paratransit service.
Jim Rodford
James Walter Rodford (7 July 1941 – 20 January 2018) was an English musician, who played bass for several British rock bands. He was a founding member of Argent, which was led by his cousin Rod Argent, and performed with them from their formation in 1969 until they disbanded in 1976. He was the bassist for the Kinks from 1978 until they disbanded in 1997. In 2004, he joined the reunited Zombies, whom he had been closely associated with since the early 1960s, and remained a member until his death in 2018. He was also a member of the Swinging Blue Jeans and the Kast Off Kinks.

The Swinging Blue Jeans
The Swinging Blue Jeans are a four-piece 1960s British Merseybeat band, best known for their hit singles with the His Master's Voice label: "Hippy Hippy Shake", "Good Golly Miss Molly", and "You're No Good", issued in 1964. Subsequent singles released that year and the next made no impression. In 1966, their version of Burt Bacharach and Hal David's "Don't Make Me Over" peaked at number 31 in the UK Singles Chart, but the group never charted again.
Catherine Quicquat
Catherine Quicquat (died 1448) was a French woman who was executed for witchcraft.

She is one of the most well documented of the victims of the Valais witch trials. Her case was one of the first in the Pays de Vaud.

Catherine Quicquat was acquainted with Blandis Loquuis (also known as Sybille Gonra) and Perronet Mercier, who invited her to dinner before they were accused of sorcery. She was interrogated by the inquisitor Pierre d'Aulnay in Vevey 17 March 1448 under torture and confessed to have been introduced to sorcery by Jeannette Avonsaz, Pierre Flour and Sibylle Blandis Loquiis. On a witches' sabbath, she had met the master of the sabbath, which was a fox by the name of Rabiel. Catherine Quicquat attended the sabbath in 1437. She pointed out the notaries Jean Got and Jean Boverat from Vevey, who participated in the witch trials, as accomplices. Her accusation was one of many who contributed to the case of Jean Boverat. 
Catherine Quicquat was executed by burning.

Valais witch trials
The Valais witch trials consisted of a witch-hunt and a series of witch trials which took place in the Valais (the House of Savoy and the prince-bishopric of Sion), today part of Switzerland, beginning in 1428. The Valais witch-hunt is the first of the systematic campaigns which would become much more widespread in the decades to come, initiating the period of witch trials in Europe.

The persecutions started in French-speaking Lower Valais (House of Savoy and prince-bishopric of Sion) and spread to German-speaking Upper Valais and to nearby valleys in the Western Alps. They subsided after six to eight years (c. 1434/6), but the phenomenon spread further afield from here, to Vaud, Fribourg, Neuchâtel, and beyond.
Central Archives of the Russian Ministry of Defence
The Central Archives of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Russian: Федеральное государственное казённое учреждение «Центральный архив Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (войсковая часть 00500)» (ЦАМО РФ); TsAMO RF) are located in Podolsk, just south of the city of Moscow.

As a departmental archive of Russia, it stores documents of different staffs and offices, associations and formations, units, institutions and military academies of the Soviet Defence Ministry from 1941 until the end of the 1980s. It comes under the command of the Rear Services of the Armed Forces of Russia. It has data on the history, culture and military education of the Ministry of Defence (Russia). Founded in 1936, the archive moved to Podolsk in Moscow Oblast around 1946. In 1992 a branch of TsAMO was established in Pugachyov in Saratov Oblast.

Colonel Igor Albertovich Permyakov serves as head of the archivе, in post in 2010 and still as of 2018.

Pugachyov
Pugachyov (Russian: Пугачёв, IPA: [pʊgɐˈtɕɵf]) is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the Bolshoy Irgiz River (Volga's tributary), 246 kilometers (153 mi) northeast of Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  41,707 (2010 Census); 41,436 (2002 Census); 40,947 (1989 Soviet census).
WSAW-TV
WSAW-TV (channel 7) is a television station in Wausau, Wisconsin, United States, affiliated with CBS, MyNetworkTV, MeTV, Fox and The CW Plus. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power Fox affiliate WZAW-LD (channel 33). The two stations share studios on Grand Avenue/US 51 in Wausau; WSAW-TV's transmitter is located on Rib Mountain.

To serve the Northwoods area of Northern Wisconsin, it operates a digital fill-in translator in Sayner (W21DS-D) that also covers Eagle River. This station broadcasts on UHF channel 21 (also mapping to virtual channel 7) from a transmitter on Razorback Road in unincorporated Vilas County (north of Sayner). The low-power repeater also serves the western portion of Michigan's Upper Peninsula although the broadcasting radius is limited to Marenisco and Watersmeet.

Wausau, Wisconsin
Wausau (/ˈwɔːsɔː/ ⓘ WAW-saw) is a city in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located along the Wisconsin River in central Wisconsin and had a population of 39,994 at the 2020 census. The Wausau metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Marathon County, had a population of 138,013.

The Wausau area was inhabited by various indigenous peoples, including the Ojibwe. It was settled by European immigrants in the mid-19th century and developed as a lumbering center due to its access to pine forests and river transport. Cultural and recreational attractions in Wausau include the Grand Theater, Granite Peak Ski Area, Rib Mountain State Park, Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, and the Wisconsin River.
Farancia
Farancia is a genus of colubrid snakes. It consists of two species, one commonly referred to as the rainbow snake (F. erytrogramma) and the other commonly referred to as the mud snake (F. abacura). Both species are native to the southeastern United States.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
1992 Centennial Cup
The 1992 Centennial Cup is the 22nd Junior "A" 1992 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.

The Centennial Cup was competed for by the winners of the Doyle Cup, Anavet Cup, Central Canadian Championship, the Eastern Canadian Champion and a host city.

The tournament was hosted by the St. James Canadians and Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Winkler Flyers
The Winkler Flyers are a Junior ice hockey team in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL) team playing out of the Winkler Arena in Winkler, Manitoba, Canada. The Flyers entered the MJHL as an expansion team for the 1980-81 season and have won four Turnbull Cup Championships as Manitoba Junior 'A' Champions (1991, 1992,  1998 & 2024) as well as the ANAVET Cup in 1992.
Gran Galà del Calcio
The Gran Galà del Calcio AIC is an event organised by the Italian Footballers' Association (AIC) in order to reward players, managers and referees who have been considered to have performed the best over the previous Serie A season. The winners of the awards are chosen by the league's footballers. It replaced the Oscar del Calcio AIC in 2011, which had occurred since 1997.

Italian Footballers' Association
The Italian Footballers' Association (Italian: Associazione Italiana Calciatori), also referred to by the acronym AIC, is the association for footballers in Italy. Established on 3 July 1968, it is headquartered in Vicenza and currently has 4,500 members, of which 2,500 are professionals.

The aims of the AIC are to protect, improve and negotiate the conditions, rights and status of all professional players by collective bargaining agreements.

Until the year 2000, it represented only footballers playing in professional leagues, after which it expanded its scope to include amateur players as well.
Gaines Trace
The Gaines Trace was a road in the Mississippi Territory. It was constructed in 1811 and 1812 from the Tennessee River (opposite the Elk River's mouth) to Cotton Gin Port on the upper Tombigbee River and on to Fort Stoddert on the lower Tombigbee. The portion from the Tennessee River to Cotton Gin Port was surveyed in 1807 and 1808 by Edmund P. Gaines, the road's namesake and a career United States Army officer.

In 1816, the Gaines Trace and the Tombigbee River were the boundaries between United States and Chickasaw territory in Mississippi.

A portion of the road appeared on an 1831 map of Mississippi that illustrated the "Gaines Road" extending from Russellville, Alabama to Cotton Gin Port.

Jackson's Military Road, constructed from 1816 to 1820, intersected Gaines Trace in Russellville. Tennessee Street in Courtland, Alabama, was a portion of the Trace.

Russellville, Alabama
Russellville is a city in Franklin County in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2020 census, the population of the city was 10,855, up from 9,830 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Franklin County.
Martin Fry
Martin David Fry (born 9 March 1958) is an English singer. He came to prominence in the early 1980s as co-founder and lead vocalist of the pop band ABC, which released six singles that entered the top 20 charts in the United Kingdom during the 1980s, including "Tears Are Not Enough", "Poison Arrow", "The Look of Love", "All of My Heart", "That Was Then but This Is Now" and "When Smokey Sings". He is the only member who has been with ABC throughout its entire history and is currently its only official member.

All of My Heart
"All of My Heart" is a song by the English pop band ABC, from their debut studio album, The Lexicon of Love (1982). It was released as a single in the UK on 27 August 1982 and peaked at No. 5 on the UK Singles Chart. The B-side, "Overture", was an instrumental, orchestral medley of songs from The Lexicon of Love, arranged by Anne Dudley.
Cambiago
Cambiago (Lombard: Cambiagh [kãˈbjaːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Milan.

Cambiago borders the following municipalities: Basiano, Cavenago di Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Masate, Caponago, Gessate, Pessano con Bornago.

The headquarters of high-end road-racing bicycle manufacturer Colnago is located in Cambiago.

Metropolitan City of Milan
The Metropolitan City of Milan (Italian: città metropolitana di Milano; Milanese: cittaa metropolitana de Milan, Lombard: [tʃiˈtaː metrupuliˈtana de miˈlãː]) is a metropolitan city (not to be confused with the metropolitan area) in the Lombardy region of Italy. It is the second most populous metropolitan city in the nation after the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. Its capital is the city of Milan. It replaced the province of Milan and includes the city of Milan and 132 other comuni (sg.: comune). It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since 1 January 2015.

The Metropolitan City of Milan is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since June 2016 Giuseppe Sala, as mayor of the capital city, has been the mayor of the Metropolitan City.
Kawachi, Tochigi
Kawachi (河内町, Kawachi-machi) was a town located in Kawachi District, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 35,247 and a density of 738.62 persons per km2. The total area was 47.72 km2.

On March 31, 2007, Kawachi, along with the town of Kamikawachi (also from Kawachi District), was merged into the expanded city of Utsunomiya.

Utsunomiya
Utsunomiya (宇都宮市, Utsunomiya-shi; [ɯt͡sɯnomija] ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 513,584, and a population density of 1,232 persons per square kilometre (3,190/sq mi). The total area of the city is 416.85 km2 (160.95 sq mi). Utsunomiya is famous for its gyoza (pan fried dumplings). There are more than two hundred gyoza restaurants in Utsunomiya.

Greater Utsunomiya (宇都宮都市圏, Utsunomiya Toshi-ken) had a population of 888,005 in the 2000 census. The nearby city of Oyama is included in Greater Tokyo, but Greater Utsunomiya is not, despite the two areas amalgamating somewhat. It is the 10th most populated city in the Kantō region.
10 Squadron SAAF
10 Squadron  was a squadron of the South African Air Force. It was formed as a fighter bomber unit on 1 April 1939 and was deployed in a coastal defence role as part of Coastal Command SAAF until 1943. It was disbanded after the threat of Japanese naval actions off the South African coast had waned. It was re-activated as a fighter squadron on 25 May 1944 and deployed to the Middle East where the squadron saw service in Syria, Libya and the Aegean and was disbanded at the end of the war in Italy.

The squadron was reinstated as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) squadron in January 1986 in Potchefstroom to provide artillery reconnaissance and fire control for the South African Artillery Corps. The unit was operationally deployed to Angola between 1987 and 1991 and was disbanded for the last time on 31 March 1991 when the UAV's were transferred to Kentron for operational control and deployment.

South African Air Force
The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the air warfare branch of South African National Defence Force, with its headquarters in Pretoria. The South African Air Force was established on 1 February 1920. The Air Force saw service in World War II and the Korean War. From 1966, the SAAF was involved in providing infantry support in the low-intensity Border War in Angola, South-West Africa and Rhodesia. As the war progressed, the intensity of air operations increased, until in the late 1980s when the SAAF were compelled to fly fighter missions against Angolan aircraft in order to maintain tactical air superiority. On conclusion of the Border War in 1990, aircraft numbers were severely reduced due to economic pressures as well as the cessation of hostilities with neighbouring states.
Annapolis (provincial electoral district)
Annapolis is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

The district was created in 1867 and was abolished in 1953 when it was re-distributed into Annapolis East and Annapolis West. The district was re-formed in 1993 and its boundaries were changed following the 2012 electoral reform commission to include the portion of Digby-Annapolis within Annapolis County north of Maitland Bridge.

The district includes the entirety of Annapolis County including the municipalities of Annapolis Royal and Middleton.

Since 2024, the district has been represented by David Bowlby.

Digby-Annapolis
Digby—Annapolis is a provincial electoral district in  Nova Scotia, Canada, which existed between 1993 and 2013 and since 2021. It elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The electoral district includes the Municipality of the District of Digby, which is the northeastern half of Digby County as well as the western part of Annapolis County.

The electoral district was created in 1993 by merging sections from Annapolis East, Annapolis West, and Digby. It was abolished following the 2012 electoral boundary review and was largely replaced by the new electoral districts of Clare-Digby and Annapolis. It was re-created out of those districts following the 2019 electoral boundary review.
We (novel)
We (Russian: Мы, romanized: My) is a dystopian novel by Russian writer Yevgeny Zamyatin (often anglicised as Eugene Zamiatin) that was written in 1920–1921. It was first published as an English translation by Gregory Zilboorg in 1924 by E. P. Dutton in New York. The original Russian text was first published in 1952; the novel was not published in Soviet Russia until 1988. The novel describes a world of harmony and conformity within a united totalitarian state, against which the protagonist, D-503 (Russian: Д-503), rebels.

The book is considered a literary masterpiece as well as one of the greatest and most influential works of the 20th century. It influenced the emergence of dystopia as a literary genre. George Orwell said that Aldous Huxley's 1931 Brave New World must be partly derived from We, although Huxley denied this. Orwell's own Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and Animal Farm were also inspired by We, as are many other contemporary dystopian novels.

Cursed Days
Cursed Days (Russian: Окаянные дни, romanized: Okayannye dni) is a book by Nobel Prize-winning Russian author Ivan Bunin, compiled of diaries and notes he made while in Moscow and Odessa in 1918-1920. Fragments from it were published in 1925-1926 by the Paris-based Vozrozhdenye newspaper. In its full version Cursed Days appeared in the Vol.X of The Complete Bunin (1936), compiled and published in Berlin by the Petropolis publishing house. In the USSR the book remained banned up until the late 1980s. Parts of it were included in the 1988 Moscow edition of The Complete Bunin (Vol. VI). After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cursed Days became immensely popular in its author's homeland. Since 1991, no less than fifteen separate editions of Bunin's diary/notebook have been published in Russia. The English translation, made by Bunin scholar Thomas Gaiton Marullo, was published (as Cursed Days. A Diary of the Revolution) in 1998 in the United States by Chicago-based Ivan R. Dee Publishers.