hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jonathan Sacerdoti
Jonathan Sacerdoti is a British broadcaster, journalist, and TV producer. He covers stories relating to the United Kingdom and Europe, as well as terrorism and extremism stories, race relations, Middle East analysis and the British royal family. He is also a public intellectual who has spoken widely on Israel and against antisemitism.

Oxford Union
The Oxford Union Society is a debating society in the city of Oxford, England, whose membership is drawn primarily from the University of Oxford. Founded in 1823, it is one of Britain's oldest university unions and is widely considered as one of the world's most prestigious private students' societies. The Oxford Union exists independently from the university and is distinct from the Oxford University Student Union.

The Oxford Union has a tradition of hosting some of the world's most prominent individuals across politics, academia, and popular culture ranging from Albert Einstein and Elton John to Sir Winston Churchill, Ronald Reagan, Queen Elizabeth II and Mahathir Mohamad. Many former Presidents of the Union have gone on to hold high office in the UK and the Commonwealth including William Gladstone, Ted Heath, Boris Johnson, and Benazir Bhutto.
War memorial locomotive
A war memorial locomotive is a locomotive dedicated as a war memorial and usually given an appropriate name.  The following examples come from Britain and the First World War:

London and North Western Railway - LNWR Claughton Class No. 1914 Patriot.  Name later removed and used on LMS Patriot Class No. (4)5500.

London, Brighton and South Coast Railway – LB&SCR L class No. 333 Remembrance.

Great Central Railway – GCR Class 9P (LNER Class B3) 4-6-0 No. 1165  (later LNER Nos 6165, 1496) Valour.  Name now carried by GB Railfreight Class 66 diesel locomotive 66715 Valour.

LB&SCR L class
The LB&SCR L Class was a class of 4-6-4 steam tank locomotives designed by L. B. Billinton for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway.  They were known as the "Brighton Baltics", Baltic being the European name for the 4-6-4 wheel arrangement. Seven examples were built between April 1914 and April 1922 and they were used for express passenger services.
Adrian Rawlins
Adrian John Rawlins (born 27 March 1958) is an English actor best known for playing Arthur Kidd in The Woman in Black (1989) and James Potter in the Harry Potter films. In 2019, he starred in Chernobyl as Nikolai Fomin.

Nikolai Fomin (engineer)
Nikolai Maximovich Fomin (Russian: Николай Максимович Фомин, Ukrainian: Микола Максимович Фомін, romanized: Mykola Maksymovych Fomin; born 1937 in Novoekonomichne, Donetsk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Soviet-Ukrainian engineer. 
He was the chief engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant from 1981 until the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986.
Taketoyo Station
Taketoyo Station (武豊駅, Taketoyo-eki) is a railway station in the town of Taketoyo, Chita District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai).

Taketoyo Station is the terminal station of the Taketoyo Line, and is located 19.3 kilometers from the opposing terminus of the line at Ōbu Station.

TOICA
TOICA (Japanese: トイカ, romanized: Toika) is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for JR Central railway network which was introduced in the Chūkyō Area (Greater Nagoya) of Japan on November 25, 2006. The name is an abbreviation of "Tōkai IC Card". Like JR East's Suica or JR West's ICOCA, the card uses RFID technology developed by Sony known as FeliCa.

As of December 2007, a year after launch, 350,000 cards had been issued, and 50% of riders (and 70% of commuter pass holders) in the Nagoya area used the card. By Spring 2023, 3.27 million cards had been issued.

Since 2013, it has been part of Japan's Nationwide Mutual Usage Service, allowing it to be used in major cities across the country.
Proxy firm
A proxy firm (also a proxy advisor, proxy adviser, proxy voting agency, vote service provider or shareholder voting research provider or proxy voting advisory businesses (PVABs)) provides services to shareholders (in most cases an institutional investor of some type) to vote their shares at shareholder meetings of, usually, listed companies.

The typical services provided include agenda translation, provision of vote management software, voting policy development, company research, and vote administration including vote execution. According to their websites, not all firms provide voting recommendations and those that do may simply execute client voting instructions.

The votes executed are called "Proxy Votes" because the shareholder usually does not attend the meeting and instead sends instructions - a proxy appointment - for a third party, usually the chairman of the meeting to vote shares in accordance with the instructions given on the voting card.

Proxy voting
Proxy voting is a form of voting whereby a member of a decision-making body may delegate their voting power to a representative, to enable a vote in absence. The representative may be another member of the same body, or external. A person so designated is called a "proxy" and the person designating them is called a "principal".: 3   Proxy appointments can be used to form a voting bloc that can exercise greater influence in deliberations or negotiations.  Proxy voting is a particularly important practice with respect to corporations; in the United States, investment advisers often vote proxies on behalf of their client accounts.
Technological determinism
Technological determinism is a reductionist theory in assuming that a society's technology progresses by following its own internal logic of efficiency, while determining the development of the social structure and cultural values. The term is believed to have originated from Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), an American sociologist and economist. The most radical technological determinist in the United States in the 20th century was most likely Clarence Ayres who was a follower of Thorstein Veblen as well as John Dewey. William Ogburn was also known for his radical technological determinism and his theory on cultural lag.

Andrew Feenberg
Andrew Feenberg (born 1943) is an American philosopher. He holds the Canada Research Chair in the Philosophy of Technology in the School of Communication at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver.  His main interests are philosophy of technology, continental philosophy, critique of technology and science and technology studies.
Punta Santiago, Humacao, Puerto Rico
Punta Santiago is a barrio and fishing community located in the municipality of Humacao, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2020 was 3,716. Located in the estuary of Humacao, Punta Santiago is famous for its fishing heritage, its iconic pier and Cayo Santiago, popularly known as Monkey Island (Spanish: Isla de de los Monos) after its Rhesus macaque population. The barrio is also the home of the Humacao Nature Reserve and the Punta Santiago Beach and Vacation Area. Punta Santiago is one of the most vulnerable barrios to flooding and complete destruction whenever hurricanes enter Puerto Rico through the area of Humacao.

Humacao, Puerto Rico
Humacao (Spanish pronunciation: [umaˈkao]) is a city and municipality in Puerto Rico located in the eastern coast of the island, north of Yabucoa; south of Naguabo; east of Las Piedras; and west of Vieques Passage. Humacao is spread over 12 barrios and Humacao Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.
ODTTF
ODTTF (Obfuscated OpenType) is an embedded font file type used in Microsoft's XML Paper Specification (XPS) and Office Open XML formats. The file type refers to an obfuscated subsetted font based on the fonts used in the original document. Its MIME type is application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.obfuscatedFont.

The files can be extracted from the DOCX file by changing the filename extension to .zip, so the archive can be browsed and extracted. The MIME type is Microsoft's own invention and has not been submitted to the IANA registry.

According to the source code of Okular (see function parseGUID() and method XpsFile::loadFontByName()), the first 32 bytes of the font file are obfuscated by XOR using the font file name (a GUID). The rest of the file is normal OpenType. The byte order of the GUID representation is reversed from the formatted form as used in the filename and does not coincide with the internal byte order of the representation in the .NET Framework.

Font embedding
Font embedding is the inclusion of font files inside an electronic document for display across different platforms. Font embedding is controversial because it allows licensed fonts to be freely distributed.
Cardiff Blitz
The Cardiff Blitz (Welsh: Blitz Caerdydd); refers to the bombing of Cardiff, Wales during World War II. Between 1940 and the final raid on the city in March 1944 approximately 2,100 bombs fell, killing 355 people.

Cardiff Docks became a strategic bombing target for German Luftwaffe (the Nazi German air force) as it was one of the biggest coal ports in the world. Consequently, it and the surrounding area were heavily bombed. Llandaff Cathedral, amongst many other civilian buildings caught in the raids, was damaged by the bombing in 1941.

Cardiff Docks
Cardiff Docks (Welsh: Dociau Caerdydd) is a port in southern Cardiff, Wales. At its peak, the port was one of the largest dock systems in the world with a total quayage of almost 7 mi (11 km). Once the main port for the export of South Wales coal, the Port of Cardiff remains active in the import and export of containers, steel, forest products and dry and liquid bulks.
Institute of Mass Communication Film and Television Studies
The Institute of Mass Communication Film and Television Studies (IMCFTS) is an institute of mass communication, journalism and film studies in Prince Anwar Shah Road, Kolkata. It is affiliated with Kalyani University and is approved by the University Grants Commission.

University of Kalyani
The University of Kalyani, established in 1960, is a collegiate public research university located in Kalyani, West Bengal, India. It is administered by the Government of West Bengal, affiliated with the University Grants Commission (UGC), and accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with an "A" grade. The university offers academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels.
Mirvetuximab soravtansine
Mirvetuximab soravtansine, sold under the brand name Elahere, is a medication used as a treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer. Mirvetuximab soravtansine is a folate receptor alpha directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate.

The most common adverse reactions, including laboratory abnormalities, were vision impairment, fatigue, increased aspartate aminotransferase, nausea, increased alanine aminotransferase, keratopathy, abdominal pain, decreased lymphocytes, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, decreased albumin, constipation, increased alkaline phosphatase, dry eye, decreased magnesium, decreased leukocytes, decreased neutrophils, and decreased hemoglobin.

Mirvetuximab soravtansine was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2022. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

Folate receptor 1
Folate receptor 1 (Folate receptor alpha, FOLR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR1 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the folate receptor (FOLR) family. Members of this family have a high affinity for folic acid and for several reduced folic acid derivatives, and mediate delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells.
Todd Pinkston
Todd Pinkston (born April 23, 1977) is an American football coach and former professional player who was most recently the running backs coach for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played five seasons professionally as a wide receiver with the Philadelphia Eagles where he caught 184 passes for 2,816 yards and 14 touchdowns.  The Eagles went to the playoffs every year that he started, including an appearance in Super Bowl XXXIX. He also is the cousin of former offensive lineman Jason Pinkston.  He was inducted to the Southern Miss Sports Hall of Fame in 2011. Todd Pinkston was inducted into the Scott County Sports Hall of Fame in his hometown of Forest, Miss., in 2015.

Jason Pinkston
Jason R. Pinkston (born September 5, 1987) is an American former professional football player who played his entire career as an offensive guard for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers. He is also the cousin of Todd Pinkston, a former NFL wide receiver.
Desná (Kamenice)
The Desná (Czech pronunciation: [ˈdɛsnaː]; German: Desse) is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Kamenice River. It flows through the Liberec Region. It is formed by the confluence of the Černá Desná and Bílá Desná streams. Together with the Černá Desná, which is its main source, the Desná is 13.6 km (8.5 mi) long. Without the Černá Desná, it is only 2.4 km (1.5 mi) long.

Kořenov
Kořenov (German: Bad Wurzelsdorf) is a municipality and village in Jablonec nad Nisou District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants. It lies in the Jizera Mountains.
Women's suffrage in film
Women's suffrage, the legal right of women to vote, has been depicted in film in a variety of ways since the invention of narrative film in the late nineteenth century. Some early films satirized and mocked suffragists and Suffragettes as "unwomanly" "man-haters," or sensationalized documentary footage. Suffragists countered these depictions by releasing narrative films and newsreels that argued for their cause. After women won the vote in countries with a national cinema, women's suffrage became a historical event depicted in both fiction and nonfiction films.

Suffrage drama
Suffrage drama (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914.  Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast.  Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. These plays also revealed many of the double standards that women faced on a daily basis. Suffrage theatre was a form of realist theatre, which was influenced by the plays of Henrik Ibsen.  Suffrage theatre combined familiar everyday situations with relatable characters on the stage in the style of realist theatre.
Ton Pentre
Ton Pentre (Welsh: Ton Pentre) is a village in the Rhondda Valley in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. Historically part of Glamorgan, Ton Pentre, a former industrial coal mining village, is a district of the community of Pentre. The old district of Ystradyfodwg was named after the church at Ton Pentre. Ton Pentre is, perhaps, best known for an event in 1924, when the Duke of York (later George VI of the United Kingdom) played a round of golf with Trade Unionist Frank Hodges.

Frank Hodges (trade unionist)
Frank Hodges (30 April 1887 – 3 June 1947) was an English trade union leader, who became General Secretary of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. A Member of Parliament (MP) for one year, he was Civil Lord of the Admiralty in the first Labour Government.
Grattan-Bellew baronets
The Bellew (later Grattan-Bellew) baronetcy, of Mount Bellew in County Galway, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 15 August 1838 for Michael Bellew. He was a descendant of Christopher Bellew, brother of Sir Patrick Bellew, 1st Baronet (see Baron Bellew for further history of this branch of the family).

Thomas Bellew, younger son of the first Baronet, sat as member of parliament for County Galway. He married Pauline, daughter of Henry Grattan. Their son, the third Baronet, assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Grattan. As of 2026 the title is held by the latter's great-grandson, the sixth Baronet, who succeeded his father in that year. The fifth baronet was a journalist, radio and television broadcaster and publisher.

Mountbellew
Mountbellew or Mountbellew Bridge (historically Creggaun, from Irish: an Creagán, meaning 'the rocky place') is a town in County Galway, Ireland. It lies mostly within the townland of Treanrevagh (Trian Riabhach) on the N63 national primary road. As of the 2022 census, it had a population of 774.
Goggia rupicola
Goggia rupicola, also known as the Namaqua dwarf leaf-toed gecko or the Namaqua pygmy gecko, is a southern African leaf-toed gecko first described by Vivian FitzSimons from a specimen collected on the 23 August 1937 where it was found in cracks of rocks of small outcrops in the arid Namakwaland in South Africa and Namibia.

Vivian Frederick Maynard FitzSimons
Vivian Frederick Maynard FitzSimons, born in Pietermaritzburg, was a notable herpetologist in South Africa. Also, he contributed to the collection of spermatophyte samples for the National Herbarium which has become part of the South African National Biodiversity Institute at the Pretoria National Botanical Garden. In 1937, together with Anna Amelia Obermeyer, he collected some of the earliest plant specimens from the Eastern Highlands of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).

Later, as director of the Transvaal Museum, he together with Charles Koch helped to establish the Namib Desert Research Institute in Gobabeb
Sanjay Singh Tiger
Sanjay Singh Tiger (born 1974) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from Bhojpur district, Bihar. Presently he is serving as Minister in the Nitish Kumar ministry since 20 November 2025.

He has served as MLA in Bihar Legislative Assembly representing the Sandesh constituency from 2010 to 2015. Currently, he is the state spokesperson of BJP's Bihar unit.

Arun Kumar Yadav (Bhojpur politician)
Arun Kumar Yadav (born 1965) is an Indian politician and a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly. He represented the Sandesh constituency in Bhojpur district of Bihar. Arun Yadav was elected in 2015 as a member of Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD).
Louis Berkhof
Louis Berkhof (13 October 1873 – 18 May 1957) was a Dutch-American Reformed theologian whose works on systematic theology have been influential in North American seminaries and Bible colleges throughout the 20th century.

Christian Reformed Church in North America
The Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA or CRC) is a Protestant Calvinist Christian denomination in the United States and Canada. Having roots in the Dutch Reformed Church of the Netherlands, the Christian Reformed Church was founded by Dutch immigrants in 1857 and is theologically Calvinist.
Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2013
The Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution (Abolition of Seanad Éireann) Bill 2013 was a proposal to amend the Constitution of Ireland to abolish Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Irish parliament, the Oireachtas. The proposal was rejected by the electorate in a referendum on 4 October 2013 by 51.7% voting against to 48.3% in favour.

The bill completed its passage through the Houses of the Oireachtas on 23 July 2013. Had it been  approved, the Seanad would have ceased to exist after the following Irish general election, leaving Dáil Éireann as the sole house of the Oireachtas.

Because the Thirty-third Amendment was passed on the same day, there is no "Thirty-second Amendment".

Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland
Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland are only possible by way of referendum. A proposal to amend the Constitution of Ireland must be initiated as a bill in Dáil Éireann, be passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas (parliament), then submitted to a referendum, and finally signed into law by the president of Ireland. Since the constitution entered into force on 29 December 1937, there have been 32 amendments to the constitution.

Aside from amendments to the Constitution itself, the Constitution also provides for referendums on ordinary bills; this is known as an ordinary referendum. This provision has never been used.
Ananda Samarakoon
Egodahage George Wilfred Alwis Samarakoon (13 January 1911 – 2 April 1962) known as Ananda Samarakoon was a Sri Lankan (Sinhalese) composer and musician. He composed the Sri Lankan national anthem "Namo Namo Matha" and is considered the father of artistic Sinhala music and founder of the modern Sri Lankan Sinhala Geeta Sahitya (Song Literature).

Mahinda College
Mahinda College is a Buddhist boys' school in Galle, Sri Lanka. The school was established on 1 March 1892 by the Buddhist Theosophical Society led by Colonel Henry Steel Olcott. As of today it is a national school which provides primary and secondary education across 13 grades to a student population of around 5200.
Lippmann electrometer
A Lippmann electrometer is a device for detecting small rushes of electric current and was invented by Gabriel Lippmann in 1873.
The device consists of a tube which is thick on one end and very thin on the other. The thin end is designed to act as a capillary tube. The tube is half-filled with mercury with a small amount of dilute sulfuric acid above the mercury in the capillary tube. Metal wires are connected at the thick end into the mercury and at the thin end into the sulfuric acid.

When the pulse of electricity arrives it changes the surface tension of the mercury and allows it to leap up a short distance in the capillary tube. This device was used in the first practical ECG machine which was invented by Augustus Desiré Waller.

Gabriel Lippmann
Gabriel Lippmann (/ˈlɪpmən/ LIP-muhn; 16 August 1845 – 12 July 1921) was a French applied physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1908 for his invention of the Lippmann plate, a method of photographically reproducing colours based on the interference phenomenon.
2002 Skate America
The 2002 Skate America was the first event of six in the 2002–03 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Spokane Arena in Spokane, Washington on October 23–27. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2002–03 Grand Prix Final. The compulsory dance was the Austrian Waltz.

Numerica Veterans Arena
Numerica Veterans Arena, formerly known as Spokane Arena and Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena, is a multi-purpose arena in the northwestern United States, located in downtown Spokane, Washington. Opened in 1995, it is home to the Spokane Chiefs of the Western Hockey League (WHL).
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
The Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) is an Indian digital knowledge repository of the traditional knowledge, especially about medicinal plants and formulations used in Indian systems of medicine.

Unani medicine
Unani or Yunani medicine (Urdu: طب یونانی tibb yūnānī) is Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia. Unani medicine is pseudoscientific.

The term Yūnānī means 'Greek', referring to the fact that the Perso-Arabic system of medicine was based on the teachings of the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen.

The Hellenistic origin of Unani medicine is still visible in its being based on the classical four humours: phlegm (balgham), blood (dam), yellow bile (ṣafrā) and black bile (saudā'), but it has also been influenced by Indian and Chinese traditional systems.