hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bąki, Łódź Voivodeship
Bąki [ˈbɔŋki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zadzim, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Zadzim, 15 km (9 mi) south of Poddębice, and 34 km (21 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Zadzim
Gmina Zadzim is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Zadzim, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Poddębice and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 144.36 square kilometres (55.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,341.
Ordinance (India)
Ordinances are laws that are promulgated by the President of India on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet, which will have the same effect as an Act of Parliament. They can only be issued when Parliament is not in session. They enable the Indian government to take immediate legislative action. Ordinances cease to operate either if Parliament does not approve of them within six weeks of reassembly, or if both Houses pass disapproving resolutions. It is also compulsory for a session of Parliament to be held within six months. A total of 679 ordinances have been issued from 1950–2014.

Promulgation
Promulgation is the formal proclamation or the declaration that a new statutory or administrative law is enacted after its final approval. In some jurisdictions, this additional step is necessary before the law can take effect.

After a new law is approved, it is announced to the public through the publication of government gazettes and/or on official government bulletins. National laws of extraordinary importance to the public may be announced by the head of state or head of government on a national broadcast. Local laws are usually announced in local newspapers and published in bulletins or compendia of municipal regulations.
Stade Sébastien Charléty
Stade Sébastien-Charléty (French pronunciation: [stad sebastjɛ̃ ʃaʁleti]; lit. 'Stadium of Sébastien Charléty'), also known as Stade Charléty or Charléty, is a multi-purpose stadium located in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, France. Comprising a running track and a football field, the stadium is a 20,000-seat state-owned venue used for numerous sports and events. It is also the current home ground of the rugby union team of Paris Université Club, who operate the venue.

Paris Université Club
The Paris Université Club, also known as Paris UC and PUC, is a French multi-sport club that was founded on 1 May 1906. The club is located in the Stade Charléty, built for it in the 13th arrondissement of Paris.

It is the sport club of the former University of Paris and of the thirteen universities of Paris, and is located near the University campus, the Cité internationale universitaire de Paris.
Listed buildings in Maunby
Maunby is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It contains two listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Both the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the village of Maunby and the surrounding countryside, and the listed buildings consist of a farmhouse and a pair of gate piers.

Maunby
Maunby is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, about six miles south of Northallerton and on the River Swale. The population is estimated at around 150.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The parish church is St Michael & All Angels which as of 2025 is not in use. In the churchyard is the grave of Victoria Cross-holder Alan Richard Hill-Walker who lived at Maunby Hall. The hall is still owned by the Hill-Walker family.

There was a Methodist church close to the village green which closed in 2021. Village features include the village green, two churches, and the war memorial on the green.
John North (theologian)
John James North OBE (26 July 1871 – 14 July 1950) was a New Zealand Baptist minister, editor and the first principal of the New Zealand Baptist Theological College. He was born in Dukinfield, Cheshire, England, in 1871.

He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1950 New Year Honours "for services to the Baptist organisation in New Zealand". His son Alfred was a lawyer and judge.

Alfred North (jurist)
Sir Alfred Kingsley North KBE PC QC (17 December 1900 – 22 June 1981), also known as Alf North, was a New Zealand lawyer and judge. He was President of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand from 1963 until his retirement in 1972.
Nový Bor
Nový Bor (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnoviː ˈbor]; German: Haida) is a town in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The town is known for its glass industry. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Atmen gibt das Leben
Atmen gibt das Leben (Breathing Gives Life), is a choral opera with orchestra by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1974 and expanded in 1976–77. It is Number 39 in the catalogue of the composer's works, and lasts about 50 minutes in performance.

NDR Chor
The NDR Chor (North German Radio Choir) is the choir of the German broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), based in Hamburg. It was founded in 1946, with Max Thurn as the first director of then 55 singers. The group has participated in premieres of contemporary music, such as the posthumous concert premiere of Schoenberg's opera Moses und Aron. It is also known for a capella music, introduced by Helmut Franz such as a recording of all such works by Johannes Brahms. The current artistic director is Philipp Ahmann, who has held the position from 2008. NDR Chor, now a group of 28 singers, is one of the leading professional chamber choirs in Germany.
2018 Copa Colsanitas – Doubles
Beatriz Haddad Maia and Nadia Podoroska were the defending champions, but Haddad Maia could not participate this year due to a right wrist injury. Podoroska played alongside Mariana Duque Mariño, but lost in the final to Dalila Jakupović and Irina Khromacheva, 3–6, 4–6.

Irina Khromacheva
Irina Pavlovna Khromacheva (Russian: Ирина Павловна Хромачёва; born 12 May 1995) is a Russian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 14 in doubles achieved on 3 March 2025 and No. 89 in singles, reached on 27 February 2017.
PMAC (cryptography)
PMAC, which stands for parallelizable MAC, is a message authentication code algorithm.  It was created by Phillip Rogaway.
PMAC is a method of taking a block cipher and creating an efficient message authentication code that is reducible in security to the underlying block cipher.

PMAC is similar in functionality to the OMAC algorithm.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
Lancair ES
The Lancair ES is an American amateur-built aircraft that was designed and produced by Lancair. While it was in production the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Production of the aircraft kit was ended in 2012.

Lancair
Lancair International, Inc. (pronounced "lance-air") is a U.S. manufacturer of general aviation aircraft kits. They are well known for their series of high-performance single-engine aircraft that offer cruise speeds that surpass many twin-engine turboprop designs. Along with the Glasair series, the early Lancair designs were among the first kitplanes to bring modern molded composites construction to light aircraft.

In early 2017 the company, including all the older aircraft designs, was sold and moved from Redmond, Oregon to Uvalde, Texas under the name Lancair International, LLC. The newest model, the Lancair Evolution, was retained by the existing company, Lancair International, Inc, which changed its name to the Evolution Aircraft Company.
Jos De Mey
Jos De Mey (Sint-Denijs-Westrem, 10 February 1928 – Ghent, 22 December 2007) was a Flemish-Belgian painter. He is primarily known for depictions of impossible objects in a photo-realistic style, with acrylic paintings constituting the majority of his work. He frequently depicted characters of other artists – notably Magritte, M. C. Escher, and Bruegel.

Prior to his focus on painting he taught and studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Ghent. At the time of his death De Mey resided in Zomergem, Belgium.

Impossible object
An impossible object (also known as an impossible figure or an undecidable figure) is a type of optical illusion that consists of a two-dimensional figure which is instantly and naturally understood as representing a projection of a three-dimensional object but cannot exist as a solid object. Impossible objects are of interest to psychologists, mathematicians and artists without falling entirely into any one discipline.
Willgerodt rearrangement
The Willgerodt rearrangement or Willgerodt reaction is an organic reaction converting an aryl alkyl ketone, alkyne, or alkene to the corresponding amide by reaction with ammonium polysulfide, named after Conrad Willgerodt. The formation of the corresponding carboxylic acid is a side reaction resulting from hydrolysis of the amide. When the alkyl group is an aliphatic chain (n typically 0 to 5), multiple reactions take place with the amide group always ending up at the terminal end.   The net effect is thus migration of the carbonyl group to the end of the chain and oxidation.

An example with modified reagents (sulfur, concentrated ammonium hydroxide and pyridine) is the conversion of acetophenone to 2-phenylacetamide and phenylacetic acid

Conrad Willgerodt
Conrad Heinrich Christoph Willgerodt (2 November 1841 – 19 December 1930) was a German chemist who first described the Willgerodt reaction. Alongside the Willgerodt reaction, he had also discovered Iodosobenzene and chlorobutanol and several nitrophenol ethers.

As for his career, Conrad Willgerodt was a professor at the University of Freiburg.
Meaghan Mikkelson
Meaghan Mikkelson (born January 4, 1985) is a Canadian ice hockey player, broadcaster, and former member of the Canadian national ice hockey team. She is currently affiliated with the Calgary chapter of the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA).

2011 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 2011 IIHF Women's World Championship was the 13th edition of the Top Division of the Women's Ice Hockey World Championship (the 14th edition overall, if the season when only the lower divisions were played is also counted), organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).

The Top Division tournament was held at Hallenstadion in Zürich and at Deutweg rink in Winterthur, Switzerland, from 16 to 25 April 2011.

The United States were the two-time defending champions and successfully defended their title, capturing their third straight gold medal, by defeating Canada 3–2 in overtime on a goal by Hilary Knight. IIHF council member Monique Scheier-Schneider presided over the events.
Ioulia Chtchetinina
Ioulia Chtchetinina (Russian: Юлия Щетинина, Hungarian: Scsetyinyina Julija, Polish: Julia Szczecinina; born 24 December 1995) is a Russian-Swiss pair skater who currently competes for Poland with Michał Woźniak. Together, they are the 2025 Four National champions, the 2024 Four National silver medalists, three-time Polish national champions (2024–26), and the 2024 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb champions.

With her former partner Márk Magyar, she is a three-time Hungarian national champion (2020–2022). She is additionally a Swiss national champion with former partners Noah Scherer (2017) and Mikhail Akulov (2018).

Jean-François Ballester
Jean-François Ballester (1 September 1965 – 2 December 2018) was a French figure skating coach. He is best known for his work with Aliona Savchenko / Bruno Massot, who won gold at the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 World Championships and 2017–18 Grand Prix Final.
Joseph Weeks
Joseph Weeks (February 13, 1773 – August 4, 1845) was a United States representative from New Hampshire.  He was the grandfather of Joseph Weeks Babcock who represented Wisconsin in the United States Congress from 1893 to 1907. He was born in Warwick, Massachusetts, where he attended the common schools. Later, he moved to Richmond, New Hampshire, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits.

Weeks served as the town clerk of Richmond, New Hampshire 1802–1822. He also served as a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives 1807–1809, 1812, 1813, 1821–1826, 1830, and 1832–1834 and as an associate judge of the court of common pleas 1823 and 1827. He was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress and reelected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1839). He died in Winchester, New Hampshire in 1845.

24th United States Congress
The 24th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1835, to March 4, 1837, during the seventh and eighth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1830 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.
Khadija Arib
Khadija Arib (Dutch: [xaːˈdiɕaː ʔaːˈrip]; Arabic: خديجة عريب; born 10 October 1960) is a Moroccan-born Dutch politician of the Labour Party, who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands from 12 December 2015 to 7 April 2021. In the 2016 Speaker of the Dutch House of Representatives election on 13 January, she was elected to the position, which she had served as Acting Speaker since the resignation of Anouchka van Miltenburg on 12 December 2015. Arib became a member of the House of Representatives following the 1998 Dutch general election and served until 2022, with a brief interruption between 2006 and 2007.

Moroccans in the Netherlands
Moroccans in the Netherlands (Dutch: Marokkanen in Nederland; Arabic: المغاربة في هولندا, Tamazight: Imaghrabiyen di Hollanda), also Moroccan Dutch (Marokkaanse Nederlanders) or Dutch Moroccans (Nederlandse Marokkanen), are a subgroup of the Moroccan diaspora residing in the Netherlands. They consist of immigrants from Morocco and their descendants, and form the second largest foreign ethnic group in the Netherlands.
Penelope Pussycat
Penelope Pussycat is an animated cartoon character, featured in the Warner Bros. classic Looney Tunes animated shorts along with Pepé Le Pew. Although she usually does not speak, her "meows" and "purrs" (or "le mews" and "le purrs") were most often provided by Mel Blanc using a feminine voice. The character did not originally have a permanent name; she was alternately referred to as "Penelope", "Fifi", and "Fabrette", and animator Chuck Jones' 1960 model sheet calls her "Le Cat". The name Penelope Pussycat was created retroactively for Warner Bros. marketing.

The character first appeared in the 1949 short For Scent-imental Reasons, which won an Academy Award. While the skunk had been used in several earlier cartoons since Odor-able Kitty (1945), the addition of his main love interest in For Scent-imental Reasons solidified his characterization and the structure of all further Pepé films.

Bugs Bunny Builders
Bugs Bunny Builders is an American preschool animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation, based on the characters from Looney Tunes. The series premiered on July 25, 2022,  on Cartoon Network on their Cartoonito preschool block and was released on July 26 on HBO Max. It is the second pre-school program in the Looney Tunes cartoon franchise, following Baby Looney Tunes in 2002.

Season 2 premiered on Max on March 26, 2024, and later premiered on Cartoonito in April 2024.
Frank Knight
Frank Hyneman Knight (November 7, 1885 – April 15, 1972) was an American economist who spent most of his career at the University of Chicago, where he became one of the founders of the Chicago School.

Nobel laureates Milton Friedman, George Stigler and James M. Buchanan were all students of Knight at Chicago. Ronald Coase said that Knight, without teaching him, was a major influence on his thinking. F.A. Hayek considered Knight to be one of the major figures in preserving and promoting classical liberal thought in the twentieth century.

Paul Samuelson named Knight (along with Harry Gunnison Brown, Allyn Abbott Young, Henry Ludwell Moore, Wesley Clair Mitchell, Jacob Viner, and Henry Schultz) as one of the several "American saints in economics" born after 1860.

Henry Ludwell Moore
Henry Ludwell Moore (November 21, 1869 – April 28, 1958) was an American economist known for his pioneering work in econometrics. Paul Samuelson named Moore (along with Harry Gunnison Brown, Allyn Abbott Young, Wesley Clair Mitchell, Frank Knight, Jacob Viner, and Henry Schultz) as one of the several "American saints in economics" born after 1860.
Giorgio Pantano
Giorgio Pantano (born 4 February 1979) is an Italian former professional racing driver who drove for the Jordan Formula One team for much of the 2004 season before being replaced by Timo Glock. He also raced in Formula 3000. He retired from racing at the end of 2014.

Pantano raced in the GP2 Series from its inaugural year in 2005 until his championship campaign in 2008, holding the record for most races competed and most races won in the series. As of 2011, these records have been taken over by Luca Filippi (86 starts) and Pastor Maldonado (10 wins) respectively.

Jordan Grand Prix
Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005. The team was named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan (1948–2025) and was based at Silverstone, England, but raced with an Irish licence.

In early 2005, the team was sold to Midland Group, who competed for one final season as 'Jordan', before renaming the team as Midland F1 Racing for the 2006 season. Later that same year, it was sold to Dutch car manufacturer, Spyker, to become Spyker F1 for the 2007 season, and then sold again to become Force India in 2008. In 2018, as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team, and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll, the team's FIA entry was not transferred, and the Jordan Grand Prix's original entry came to an end. As of 2025, the team competes as the Aston Martin Aramco F1 Team.
Unfaithfully Yours (1984 film)
Unfaithfully Yours is a 1984 American romantic comedy film directed by Howard Zieff, starring Dudley Moore and Nastassja Kinski and featuring Armand Assante and Albert Brooks.  The screenplay was written by Valerie Curtin, Barry Levinson, and Robert Klane based on Preston Sturges' screenplay for the 1948 film of the same name. The original music score is by Bill Conti and the song "Unfaithfully Yours (One Love)" was written for the film and performed by Stephen Bishop.

Stephen Bishop (singer)
Earl Stephen Bishop (born November 14, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor. His biggest hits include "On and On", "It Might Be You", and "Save It for a Rainy Day". He has also written songs for many other artists, such as Barbra Streisand, Phil Collins, and Art Garfunkel. He has contributed music and acted in films including National Lampoon's Animal House.
Rembrandt Hall
Rembrandt Hall is a historic home located at Keeseville in Essex County, New York.  It was built in 1851 and is a 1+1⁄2-story brick Gothic Revival style cottage.  It consists of a central 2-story entrance pavilion flanked by identical bay windows. The interior features a noted rounded central staircase.  It was designed by architect Isaac G. Perry for Emma Clara Peale Barton, wife of Caleb D. Barton and daughter of artist Rembrandt Peale.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Isaac G. Perry
Isaac Gale Perry (March 24, 1822 – March 17, 1904) was a prolific New York State architect and builder. His works include New York State Inebriate Asylum, Phelps Mansion and the First National Bank of Oxford.
KIZZ
KIZZ (93.7 FM) is a contemporary hit radio station located in Minot, North Dakota owned by iHeartMedia, Z94 airs the syndicated Bob and Sheri morning show and along with weekend programs such as American Top 40, Dawson McAllister Live,  and Hollywood Hamilton.

Minot, North Dakota
Minot (/ˈmaɪnɒt/ ⓘ MY-not) is a city in and the county seat of Ward County, North Dakota, United States. With a population of 48,377 at the 2020 census, Minot is the state's fourth-most populous city. The Minot metropolitan area in north-central North Dakota covers McHenry, Renville, and Ward counties and had a combined population of 77,546 at the 2020 census.

Minot was founded in 1886 during the construction of James J. Hill's Great Northern Railway. Minot is also known as "Magic City", commemorating its remarkable growth in size over a short time. It is a trading center for a large part of northern North Dakota, southwestern Manitoba, and southeastern Saskatchewan. It is most widely known for the Minot Air Force Base, approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of the city.
Tom Alvin
Tom Alvin (born 21 April 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Recruited from Bairnsdale in the Latrobe Valley Football League, Alvin was easily identifiable on the field with his flowing black hair and determined, aggressive style of play, becoming a cult figure during his time with the Blues.

Bairnsdale
Bairnsdale (locally /ˈbɛərnzdeɪl/) (Ganai: Wy-yung) is a city in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, situated in a region traditionally inhabited by the Tatungalung clan of the Gunaikurnai people. The estimated population of the Bairnsdale urban area was 17,666 at June 2023. The city serves as a major regional centre of eastern Victoria, alongside Traralgon and Sale, acting as the commercial hub for the East Gippsland region and the seat of local government for the Shire of East Gippsland. Bairnsdale was first proclaimed as a shire on 16 July 1868 and later elevated to city status on 14 July 1990.