hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osiny, Łowicz County
Osiny [ɔˈɕinɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiernozia, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Kiernozia, 17 km (11 mi) north of Łowicz, and 61 km (38 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Kiernozia
Gmina Kiernozia is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kiernozia, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Łowicz and 61 km (38 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 76.03 square kilometres (29.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,638.
Mierzynek, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Mierzynek [mjɛˈʐɨnɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karlino, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) north of Karlino, 16 km (10 mi) north of Białogard, and 118 km (73 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Karlino
Gmina Karlino is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Karlino, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Białogard and 110 km (68 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 141.02 square kilometres (54.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,168 (out of which the population of Karlino amounts to 5,794, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,374).
Peninsula Humane Society
The Peninsula Humane Society & SPCA (PHS/SPCA) is one of the largest humane organizations in the United States. Located in San Mateo County, California, it is a private non-profit charitable organization. It is an animal rescue (including wildlife rescue), rehabilitation and adoption operation with two locations. The Tom and Annette Lantos Center for Compassion, where adoptable animals are housed, is in the city of Burlingame and the older physical plant, which serves as the intake shelter, is located at Coyote Point in the city of San Mateo. PHS/SPCA has been responsible for considerable progress in the California Legislature with new humane laws in the state, especially since the late 1970s. PHS/SPCA has been characterized as a progressive and innovative humane organization.

San Mateo, California
San Mateo is the most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It is part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan region, and is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco. San Mateo borders Burlingame to the north, Hillsborough to the west, San Francisco Bay and Foster City to the east and Belmont to the south. The population was 105,661 at the 2020 census.  Some of the biggest economic drivers for the city include technology, health care and education.
Hecatoncheires
In Greek mythology, the Hecatoncheires (Ancient Greek: Ἑκατόγχειρες, romanized: Hekatóncheires, lit. 'Hundred-Handed Ones'), also called Hundred-Handers or Centimanes (/ˈsɛntɪmeɪnz/; Latin: Centimani), were three monstrous giants, of enormous size and strength, each with fifty heads and one hundred arms. They were individually named Cottus (the furious), Briareus (or Aegaeon, the sea goat) and Gyges (or Gyes, the long-limbed). In the standard tradition, they were the offspring of Uranus (Sky) and of Gaia (Earth), and helped Zeus and the Olympians to overthrow the Titans in the Titanomachy.

Acrocorinth
Acrocorinth (Greek: Ακροκόρινθος, lit. 'Upper Corinth' or 'the acropolis of ancient Corinth') is a monolithic rock overlooking the ancient city of Corinth, Greece. In the estimation of George Forrest, "It is the most impressive of the acropolis of mainland Greece."

With its secure water supply, Acrocorinth's fortress was repeatedly used as a last line of defense in southern Greece because it commanded the Isthmus of Corinth, repelling foes from entry by land into the Peloponnese peninsula.
Pseudo-ring
In mathematics, and more specifically in abstract algebra, a pseudo-ring is one of the following variants of a ring:

A rng, i.e., a structure satisfying all the axioms of a ring except for the existence of a multiplicative identity.

A set R with two binary operations + and ⋅ such that (R, +) is an abelian group with identity 0, and a(b + c) + a0 = ab + ac and (b + c)a + 0a = ba + ca for all a, b, c in R.

An abelian group (A, +) equipped with a subgroup B and a multiplication B × A → A making B a ring and A a B-module.

None of these definitions are equivalent, so it is best to avoid the term "pseudo-ring" or to clarify which meaning is intended.

Identity element
In mathematics, an identity element or neutral element of a binary operation is an element that leaves unchanged every element when the operation is applied. For example, 0 is an identity element of the addition of real numbers. This concept is used in algebraic structures such as groups and rings. The term identity element is often shortened to identity (as in the case of additive identity and multiplicative identity) when there is no possibility of confusion, but the identity implicitly depends on the binary operation it is associated with.
Malin Matsdotter
Malin Matsdotter or Mattsdotter, also known as Rumpare-Malin (1613 – 5 August 1676) was an alleged Swedish witch. She is known as one of few people in Sweden confirmed to have been executed by burning for witchcraft, and the only one to be executed by this method during the famous witch hunt Det Stora oväsendet ('The Great Noise') in Sweden during 1668–1676, which ended with her execution.

Witch trials in Sweden
Sweden was a country with few witch trials compared to other countries in Europe.  In Sweden, about four hundred people were executed for witchcraft prior to the last case in 1704. Most of these cases (circa 280) occurred during a short but intense period; the eight years between 1668 and 1676, when the witch hysteria called Det stora oväsendet ("The Great Noise" or "The Great Unrest") took place, causing a large number of witch trials in the country. It is this infamous period of intensive witch hunt that is most well known and explored.
Global Network Initiative
The Global Network Initiative (GNI) is a non-governmental organization with the dual goals of preventing Internet censorship by authoritarian governments and protecting the Internet privacy rights of individuals. It is sponsored by a coalition of multinational corporations, global non-profit organizations, and academic institutions. David Kaye (academic) is the Independent Chair of the Board. Mark Stephens (solicitor) was the previous Independent Chair.

David Kaye (academic)
David Kaye is an American politician who served as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression between August 2014 and July 2020, succeeded by Irene Khan.

Kaye is clinical professor of law at the University of California, Irvine on public international law, international humanitarian law human rights and international criminal justice. He is co-director of the UCI Fair Elections and Free Speech Center working at the intersection of technology, freedom of speech and democratic deliberation. He is also the independent board chair of the Global Network Initiative.
Mills House (Griffin, Georgia)
The Mills House, also known as the Lewis-Mills House, is a historic residence in Griffin, Spalding County, Georgia. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 18, 1972. It is located at 406 North Hill Street.

It is a fine example of a Greek Revival "temple-front" house, and perhaps was designed by Charles B. Cluskey.  It was built in the 1850s for the Lewis family, and was long occupied by the Mills family.  In 2018 it is currently a law office.

Charles B. Cluskey
Charles Blaney Cluskey (ca. 1808– January 1871) was an Irish architect active from the 1830s to the start of the Civil War, and therefore he is recognised as an antebellum architect. He is reputed to be the initiator of the Greek Revival–style in the south, and his commissions, both public and private, can still be seen in Augusta, Milledgeville and Savannah, Georgia.
Union Grove, Alabama
Union Grove is a town in Marshall County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the town was 67, down from 77 at the 2010 census.

In the Civil War the Union troops camped there for some time after passing through Parches Cove. It became known thereafter as Union Grove.

Marshall County, Alabama
Marshall County is a county of the state of Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 97,612. Its county seat is Guntersville. A second courthouse is in Albertville. Its name is in honor of John Marshall, famous Chief Justice of the United States. Marshall County is a dry county, with the exception of the five cities of Albertville, Arab, Grant, Guntersville, and Boaz. Marshall County comprises the Albertville, AL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area.
Miller Williams
Stanley Miller Williams (April 8, 1930 – January 1, 2015) was an American contemporary poet, as well as a university professor, translator and editor. He produced over 25 books and won several awards for his poetry. His accomplishments were chronicled in Arkansas Biography. Williams was chosen to read a poem at the second inauguration of Bill Clinton. One of his best-known poems is "The Shrinking Lonesome Sestina."
He was the father of American singer-songwriter Lucinda Williams.

Second inauguration of Bill Clinton
The second inauguration of Bill Clinton as president of the United States was held on Monday, January 20, 1997, at the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. This was the 53rd inauguration and marked the commencement of the second and final term of Bill Clinton as president and Al Gore as vice president. This was the last presidential inauguration to take place in the 20th century, the last in the 2nd millennium, and the first to be streamed live on the internet.
Wendy James
Wendy Patricia James (born 21 January 1966) is an English singer and songwriter most notable as the lead singer of the pop rock band Transvision Vamp, and for her collaborations with Elvis Costello, James Williamson from Iggy and the Stooges, Lenny Kaye from the Patti Smith Group and James Sclavunos from Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. She has released 10 albums from 1988 until 2024.

Pop Art (album)
Pop Art is the debut studio album by the English pop rock band Transvision Vamp. It was released in October 1988 and features the band's first top ten hit "I Want Your Love". The album reached No. 4 in the UK, and peaked at No. 13 in Australia, where it was the 25th highest-selling album of 1989.
Hugo Shong
Hugo Shong (also known as 熊晓鸽, Xiong Xiaoge, Xiaoge Xiong) is a Chinese venture capitalist who is the founding chairman of IDG Capital, a Chinese investment firm. He brought IDG to China in 1993, making it the first global investment firm to enter the Chinese market. Since then, he has invested in many successful companies, including Baidu, Tencent and Xiaomi, and is regarded as one of the most influential investors in China's technology market.

Hugo is also a philanthropist who supports education, environmental protection, and poverty alleviation, among others. He has donated to his alma mater Hunan University, James C. Thomson Memorial Fund of Boston University, and the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation.

Hunan University
Hunan University (HNU; 湖南大学) is a national public university in Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan, China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. It is also a member in the BRICS Universities League.
The Jewish Quarterly Review
The Jewish Quarterly Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering Jewish studies. It is published by the University of Pennsylvania Press on behalf of the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies (University of Pennsylvania). The editors-in-chief are David N. Myers (UCLA) and Natalie Dohrmann (University of Pennsylvania).

The journal was established in London in 1889 by Israel Abrahams and Claude G. Montefiore as an English-language concurrent of the French Revue des études juives, itself an outgrowth of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement. In 1910, it was brought to Pennsylvania's Dropsie College, the predecessor of the Katz Center.

Jewish Quarterly Review is the oldest English-language journal of Judaic scholarship. It is available online through Project MUSE and JSTOR. As of 2026, the journal is open access.

David N. Myers
David N. Myers (born November 2, 1960) is a professor of history at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he holds the Sady and Ludwig Kahn Chair in Jewish History. Myers was the president and CEO of the Center for Jewish History from July 2017 to August 2018.  He serves as the President of the New Israel Fund Board.
1989 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
The 1989 NASCAR Winston Cup Series was the 41st season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 18th modern-era Cup season. It began February 12 and ended November 19. Rusty Wallace of Blue Max Racing won the championship. This was the first year that every Winston Cup race had flag to flag coverage, with almost all of them being televised live.

The 1989 season marked the end of the first of two tire wars between Goodyear and Hoosier, with Hoosier leaving NASCAR shortly after Goodyear debuted their new radial tires.

Jimmy Spencer
James Peter Spencer (born February 15, 1957) is an American former racing driver, team owner, talk show host and television commentator. He is best known for competing in NASCAR. He hosted the NASCAR-inspired talk show, What's the Deal?, on Speed,  and was co-host, with John Roberts and Kenny Wallace, of Speed's pre-race and post-race NASCAR shows NASCAR RaceDay and NASCAR Victory Lane. Before retiring, Spencer had a segment on Speed's NASCAR Race Hub offering commentary and answering viewer questions (on Tuesdays and Thursdays). During his days racing modifieds, he was nicknamed "Mr. Excitement" for his aggressive racing style. Spencer is one of the few drivers to have won a race in all three of NASCAR's top series: the NASCAR Cup Series, the Xfinity Series, and the Truck Series.

Spencer's Cup wins both came in summer 1994 at the restrictor plate races at Daytona and Talladega.
Confessing Church
The Confessing Church (German: Bekennende Kirche, pronounced [bəˈkɛnəndə ˈkɪʁçə] ⓘ) was a movement within German Protestantism in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to unify all of the Protestant churches into a single pro-Nazi German Evangelical Church.

Ludwig Müller
Johan Heinrich Ludwig Müller (23 June 1883 – 31 July 1945) was a German theologian, a Lutheran pastor, and leading member of the pro-Nazi "German Christians" (German: Deutsche Christen) faith movement. In 1933 he was appointed by the Nazi Party as Reichsbischof ("Bishop for the Reich") of the German Evangelical Church (German: Deutsche Evangelische Kirche).
Abenteuerlicher Simplizissimus
Abenteuerlicher Simplizissimus (lit. 'Adventurous Simplicissimus') is a 1975 West German-Austrian drama television serial written by Leopold Ahlsen and directed by Fritz Umgelter. It follows the tumultuous adventures of a dimwitted man during the Thirty Years' War. It stars Matthias Habich in the title role along with Christian Quadflieg, Günter Stack, Herbert Stass, Friedrich von Thun and Herbert Fux.

The serial is based on Simplicius Simplicissimus, a 17th-century picaresque novel by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen. It was co-produced by ZDF and ORF.

Christian Quadflieg
Christian Urs Quadflieg (German: [ˈkʁɪsti̯a(ː)n ˈʔʊʁs ˈkvatfliːk]; 11 April 1945 – 16 July 2023) was a German-Swedish actor and television director. After working at various theatres, he became a freelance actor from 1974 onwards. He had his breakthrough on television in 1977 in the episode Reifezeugnis from the Tatort series. He had roles in many popular television series, namely the title role in Der Landarzt, which he played for 42 episodes from 1987 to 1992.
Guogongzhuang station
Guogongzhuang (simplified Chinese: 郭公庄站; traditional Chinese: 郭公莊站; pinyin: Guōgōngzhuāng Zhàn) is an interchange station on Line 9 and Fangshan Line of the Beijing Subway, serving as the southern terminus of Line 9, and is located in Fengtai District. The station was the northern terminus of Fangshan Line until it was extended northward to Dongguantou South on December 31, 2020.

Fengtai, Beijing
Fengtai District (Chinese: 丰台区; pinyin: Fēngtái Qū) is a district of the city of Beijing. It lies mostly to the southwest of the city center, extending into the city's southwestern suburbs beyond the Sixth Ring Road, but also to the south and, to a smaller extent, the southeast, where it has borders with Chaoyang and Dongcheng.
Felix Pappalardi
Felix Albert Pappalardi Jr. (December 30, 1939 – April 17, 1983) was an American music producer, songwriter, vocalist, and bassist. He is best known as the bassist and co-lead vocalist of the band Mountain, whose song "Mississippi Queen" peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a classic rock radio staple.

Originating in the eclectic music scene in New York's Greenwich Village, he became closely attached to the British power trio Cream, writing, arranging, and producing for their second album Disraeli Gears.  As a producer for Atlantic Records, he worked on several projects with guitarist Leslie West; in 1969 their partnership evolved into the band Mountain.  The band's original run lasted less than five years, but their work influenced the first generation of heavy metal and hard rock music.  Pappalardi continued to work as a producer, session musician, and songwriter until he was shot and killed by his wife Gail Collins in 1983.

Mississippi Queen
"Mississippi Queen" is a song by the American rock band Mountain. Considered a rock classic, it was their most successful single, reaching number 21 in the Billboard Hot 100 in 1970. The song is included on the group's debut album and several live recordings have been issued.
Roshy Augustine
Roshy Augustine (born 20 January 1969) is an Indian politician who has served as the Minister for Water Resources of Kerala since 2021. He is a Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly representing Idukki since 2001. He is a member of the Kerala Congress (M) party.

Idukki Assembly constituency
Idukki State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Idukki Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2016 assembly elections, the current MLA is Roshy Augustine of KC(M).
Muhammad ibn Muqatil al-Akki
Muhammad ibn Muqatil ibn Hakim al-Akki (Arabic: محمد بن مقاتل بن حكيم العكي) was a provincial governor for the Abbasid Caliphate. Appointed to Ifriqiya in 797, he was the last Provincial governor of that province prior to the establishment of the Aghlabid Governor dynasty in 800.

Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya (Arabic: إفريقية, romanized: Ifrīqya, lit. 'Africa') was a medieval historical region comprising today's Tunisia, eastern Algeria, and Tripolitania (roughly western Libya), particularly the region between the sea and the edges of the Sahara. It included all of what had previously been the Byzantine province of Africa Proconsularis and extended beyond it, but did not include the Mauretanias.

Ifriqiya is bordered to the west by the Central Maghreb, with which the borders are fluid depending on the chroniclers and the era. For most of its early history, the capital of Ifriqiya was Qayrawan (Kairouan), but in some periods it moved to Mahdiya (Mahdia) and later it remained at Tunis.
Joel Caine
Joel Caine (born 18 September 1978) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s and works as a presenter for Sportsbet.

Caine's position of choice was as a fullback or on the Wing.

Wests Tigers
The Wests Tigers are an Australian rugby league football team, based in the Inner West of Sydney and South Western Sydney. The Tigers have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies.

The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011).

The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall.

The interim CEO is currently Shaun Mielekamp.
Desus vs. Mero
Desus vs. Mero was a weekly podcast show and web series hosted by Bronx natives Desus Nice and The Kid Mero. The podcast was first released on 18 December 2013 and after 46 episodes it ended on 31 December 2014. The duo has since gone on to appear on TV series such as MTV2's Guy Code, Uncommon Sense, Joking Off, and hosted Desus & Mero (2016)' on Viceland and Desus & Mero (2019) on Showtime.

Desus & Mero (2019 TV series)
Desus & Mero is an American television late-night talk show hosted by comedians Desus Nice and The Kid Mero. The show aired from February 2019 to June 2022 on the premium cable and streaming service Showtime.
KS Cracovia
Cracovia (Polish pronunciation: [kraˈkɔvja]) is a Polish professional football club based in Kraków. The club is five-time Polish champion, besides being the inaugural Polish champion, winner of the Polish Cup and the Polish Super Cup in 2020. Founded in 1906, Cracovia is the oldest Polish club still in existence. They play in the Ekstraklasa, the top tier of the national football league system.

Piotr Giza
Piotr Giza (born 28 February 1980) is a Polish professional football manager and former player who played as footballer who played as a midfielder. He was most recently the assistant manager of III liga club Wiślanie Skawina.
Civilian Warfare Gallery
Civilian Warfare Gallery was an art gallery located in New York City's East Village in the early 1980s and was one of the founding galleries of the East Village art movement. Founded by artists Alan Barrows and Dean Savard, the gallery helped launch the careers of notable artists including David Wojnarowicz, Richard Hambleton, Luis Frangella, Greer Lankton, the Grey Organisation/Toby Mott and Jane Bauman among others.

Greer Lankton
Greer Lankton (April 21, 1958 – November 18, 1996), was an American transgender artist known for creating lifelike sewn dolls that were often modeled on friends or celebrities and posed in elaborate theatrical settings. She was a key figure in the East Village art scene of the 1980s in New York.