hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mentor (brig)
36°13′19″N 23°04′56″E﻿ / ﻿36.22194°N 23.08222°E﻿ / 36.22194; 23.08222

The Mentor was a brig bought by Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, in order to transport antiquities from Athens. The cargo included a significant number of sculptures from the Parthenon.

Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin
Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and 11th Earl of Kincardine, PC, FSA Scot (/ˈɛlɡɪn/ ELG-in; 20 July 1766 – 14 November 1841), often known as Lord Elgin, was a Scottish nobleman, diplomat, and collector, known primarily for the controversial procurement of marble sculptures (known as the Elgin Marbles) from the Parthenon and other structures on the Acropolis of Athens.
South Road Properties
The South Road Properties (SRP), also known as the South Reclamation Project, is a 300 ha (740 acres) reclamation area in Cebu City, Philippines. The area, which is reclaimed from Mactan Channel, is located off the coast of the southern district of Cebu City, near Barangays Mambaling, Inayawan, and Pasil. It spans from the shore of mainland Cebu to Kawit Point (formerly Kawit Island). An island-type reclaimed area, it is connected with mainland Cebu by the Cebu South Coastal Road (from which the area's name is derived from) and the Mambaling Access Road (officially the F. Vestil Street). Through the Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway, the SRP is also connected by land to Cordova and the island of Mactan.

Land reclamation
Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground, reclaimed land, or land fill. The term "reclamation" is a misnomer, and promotes confusion with land rehabilitation.
Indium gallium nitride
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN, InxGa1−xN) is a semiconductor material made of a mix of gallium nitride (GaN) and indium nitride (InN). It is a ternary group III/group V direct bandgap semiconductor. Its bandgap can be tuned by varying the amount of indium in the alloy.
InxGa1−xN has a direct bandgap span from the infrared (0.69 eV) for InN to the ultraviolet (3.4 eV) of GaN.
The ratio of In/Ga is usually between 0.02/0.98 and 0.3/0.7.

Quantum well
A quantum well is a potential well wherein the energy spectrum of charge carriers is discrete.

As opposed to a bulk region, wherein the carriers are free to move in three spatial directions, their motion is free only in two (planar) directions in a quantum well. The quantum size effects take place when the size of a region in at least one of the directions (the direction of growth in the case of semiconductor heterostructure quantum wells - the transverse direction) becomes comparable to the de Broglie wavelength of the carriers (electrons and holes in a semiconductor), resulting in a discrete energy spectrum for them.

Semiconductor quantum wells can be realized in double heterostructures. The double heterostructure concept was proposed in 1963 independently by Herbert Kroemer and by Zhores Alferov and Rudolf Kazarinov.
Testimony (Turow novel)
Testimony, published in 2017, is a novel by Scott Turow which details ex-United States Attorney for Kindle County Bill ten Boom's first case on the International Criminal Court (ICC); ten Boom investigates the overnight disappearance and suspected massacre of an entire refugee village of more than 400 Romani people in the unsettled political atmosphere following the Bosnian war.

Scott Turow
Scott Frederick Turow (born April 12, 1949) is an American writer and lawyer. Turow worked as a lawyer for a decade before writing full-time, and has written 13 fiction and three nonfiction books, which have been translated into more than 40 languages and sold more than 30 million copies. Turow’s novels are set primarily among the legal community in the fictional Kindle County. Films have been based on several of his books.
Shantidanda
Shantidanda is a town and Village Development Committee  in Ilam District in the Province No. 1 of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,373 persons living in 794 individual households.

Ilam District
Ilam district (Nepali: इलाम जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. It is a Hill district and covers 1,703 km2 (658 sq mi). The 2011 census counted 290,254 inhabitants.  The municipality of Ilam is the district headquarters and is about 600 km (370 mi) from Kathmandu.

Ilam attracts many researchers and scientists for the study of medicinal and aromatic plants, orchids, rare birds and the red panda. Ilam stretches from the Terai belt to the upper hilly belt of this Himalayan nation.
Augusto Testa
Augusto Testa  (born 1950) is an Italian amateur astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets, observing at the Sormano Astronomical Observatory in northern Italy. According to the Minor Planet Center, he has discovered numerous asteroids during 1994–2000, all of them in collaboration with other astronomers (see table legend). In recognition of his achievements, the main-belt asteroid 11667 Testa, discovered by Luciano Tesi and Andrea Boattini at San Marcello Pistoiese Observatory in 1997, was named after him.

Sormano Astronomical Observatory
The Sormano Astronomical Observatory (Italian: Osservatorio Astronomico Sormano, obs. code: 587) is an astronomical observatory north of Milan, Italy. Located near the Swiss border at 1000 meters elevation at the mountain village of Sormano in the pre-Alps, the observatory was privately funded by the Gruppo Astrofili Brianza and built in 1986.
Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon
Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon (1171 – 6 January 1233) was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman, sometimes known as Maud and sometimes known with the surname de Kevelioc. She was a daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester, and the wife of David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon.

Earl of Chester
The Earldom of Chester (Welsh: Iarllaeth Caer) was one of the most powerful earldoms in medieval England, extending principally over the counties of Cheshire and Flintshire. Since 1301 the title has generally been granted to heirs apparent to the English throne, and after 1707 the British throne. From the late 14th century, it has been given only in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales.
Braybrook, Victoria
Braybrook is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 km (5.6 mi) west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Maribyrnong local government area. Braybrook recorded a population of 9,682 at the 2021 census.

Braybrook is bounded in the west by Duke Street, in the north by the Maribyrnong River, in the east by Ashley Street, and in the south by the Sunbury railway line and Sunshine Road.

Doug Hawkins
Douglas James Hawkins (born 5 May 1960) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Footscray and Fitzroy in the Australian Football League (AFL). He also enjoyed a brief career in media and ran for the Senate, as a member of Palmer United Party, in the 2013 Australian federal election.
Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree
Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree is a 1982 book by French literary theorist Gérard Genette. Over the years, the book's methodological proposals have been confirmed as effective operational definitions, and have been widely adopted in literary criticism terminology.

The book is also highly regarded for his wide and far-reaching conceptualization of parody. In the book Genette coined the term paratext, which has since become widespread to denote prefaces, introductions, illustrations or other material accompanying the text, or hypotext for the sources of the text.

Gérard Genette
Gérard Genette (French: [ʒeʁaʁ ʒənɛt]; 7 June 1930 – 11 May 2018) was a French literary theorist, associated in particular with the structuralist movement and with figures such as Roland Barthes and Claude Lévi-Strauss, from whom he adapted the concept of bricolage.
Popowia
Popowia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. There are about 50 species distributed in tropical Asia and Africa and in Oceania.

These are shrubs and trees. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or a cluster of several. The small, bisexual flowers have six thick petals in two whorls; the petals are sometimes joined to form a cup shape.

Species include:

Popowia beddomeana Hook.f. & Thomson

Popowia fusca King

Popowia greveana (Baill.) Ghesq.

Popowia pauciflora Maingay ex Hook.f. & Th.

Popowia perakensis King

Popowia pisocarpa

Popowia velutina King

Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
The End (2012 film)
The End (Spanish: Fin) is a 2012 Spanish thriller film directed by Jorge Torregrossa and based on David Monteagudo's novel Fin, with a screenplay by Sergio G. Sánchez and Jorge Guerricaechevarría. The film is a MOD Producciones, Apaches Entertainment, Antena 3 Films and Misent Producciones production. It was first screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival in September and later opened in Spain on 23 November of the same year. The film also marks the screen debut of model Andrés Velencoso.

2012 Toronto International Film Festival
The 37th annual Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 6 and September 16, 2012. TIFF announced the films that were accepted on August 21, 2012. On its 37th edition the TIFF included a 289 feature films and 83 short films. Directed by Rian Johnson, Looper  was selected as the opening film.
Picayune
A picayune was a Spanish coin, worth half a real or one sixteenth of a dollar. Its name derives from the French picaillon, which is itself from the Provençal picaioun, the name of an unrelated small copper coin from Savoy. By extension, picayune can mean "trivial" or "of little value".

Aside from being used in Spanish territories, the picayune and other Spanish currency was used throughout the colonial United States. Spanish dollars were made legal tender in the U.S. by an act on February 9, 1793. They remained so until demonetization on February 21, 1857. The coin's name first appeared in Florida and Louisiana, where its value was nominally one sixteenth of a dollar, i.e. 6+1⁄4 cents, and whose name was sometimes used in place of the U.S. nickel.

A newspaper published in New Orleans since the 1830s, the Times-Picayune (originally The Picayune), was named after the coin.

A city in southern Mississippi has the name Picayune.

Picayune, Mississippi
Picayune (/ˌpɪkəˈjuːn/ PIK-ə-YOON) is the largest city in Pearl River County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 11,885 at the 2020 census. The city is located approximately 45 miles (72 km) from New Orleans, Hattiesburg, and Gulfport–Biloxi. The Stennis Space Center is 10 miles (16 km) away. Picayune is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Hammond combined statistical area.
Carlo McCormick
Carlo McCormick is an American culture critic and curator living in New York City. McCormick was Senior Editor of Paper. He is the author of numerous books, monographs and catalogues on contemporary art and artists. He lectures and teaches extensively at universities and colleges around the United States on popular culture and art. His writing has appeared in Effects : Magazine for New Art Theory, Aperture, Art in America, ArtNews, Artforum, Camera Austria, High Times, Spin, Tokion, Vice and other magazines.

Effects: Magazine for New Art Theory
Effects: Magazine for New Art Theory was an American arts magazine.
 It was co-published and co-edited by Tricia Collins and Richard Milazzo from 1983 to 1986 in New York City. All issues were offset-printed staple bound 27.7 x 21.3 cm.
A Wanderer's Notebook
A Wanderer's Notebook  (放浪記, Hōrōki), also titled  Her Lonely Lane, is a 1962 Japanese drama film directed by Mikio Naruse starring Hideko Takamine. It was written by Toshirō Ide and Sumie Tanaka based on the autobiographical book Diary of a Vagabond by Fumiko Hayashi and its stage adaptation by Kazuo Kikuta.

Fumiko Hayashi (author)
Fumiko Hayashi (林芙美子, Hayashi Fumiko; December 31, 1903 – June 28, 1951) was a Japanese writer of novels, short stories and poetry, who has repeatedly been included in the feminist literature canon. Among her best-known works are Diary of a Vagabond,  Late Chrysanthemum and Floating Clouds.
Dog on a Leash
"Dog on a Leash" is a song from the American hard rock band Adelitas Way, released on April 8, 2014. It is the first single from their third studio album, Stuck and reached No. 7 on the U.S. Active Rock chart.

Adelitas Way
Adelitas Way is an American rock band formed in Las Vegas in 2006. The band's debut single "Invincible" broke them into the mainstream scene after the song made numerous television appearances in commercials and live sporting events. The band has toured with notable acts such as Guns N' Roses, Creed, Papa Roach,  Godsmack, Theory of a Deadman, Seether, Three Days Grace, Breaking Benjamin, Deftones, Puddle of Mudd, Sick Puppies, Shinedown, Staind, Alter Bridge, Skillet, Halestorm, Thousand Foot Krutch, Red and others.
Chat log
A chat log is an archive of transcripts from online chat and instant messaging conversations. Many chat or IM applications allow for the client-side archiving of online chat conversations, while a subset of chat or IM clients (i.e., Google Talk and Yahoo! Messenger 11 Beta) allow for the saving of chat archives on a server for future retrieval. Most IRC clients and many IRC bots include chat logging to a local file as a standard feature.

Websites exist that publish chat logs, usually dedicated to a single channel and including a search engine. This can conflict with users' expectations of privacy. Some IRC networks have published guidelines on making chat logs public. Due to their real time nature, chat logs may be used to identify anonymous users by correlating information posted on different mediums.

IRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging. IRC is designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.

Internet Relay Chat is implemented as an application layer protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client–server networking model. Users connect, using a client—which may be a web app, a standalone desktop program, or embedded into part of a larger program—to an IRC server, which may be part of a larger IRC network. Examples of ways used to connect include the programs Mibbit, KiwiIRC, and mIRC.

IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60 percent of its users by 2012. In April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served more than 200,000 users at a time.
Uniemino
Uniemino [uɲɛˈminɔ] (German: Nemmin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borne Sulinowo, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-west of Borne Sulinowo, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, and 125 km (78 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, 1648-1945 Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Borne Sulinowo
Gmina Borne Sulinowo is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Borne Sulinowo, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek and 131 km (81 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 484.24 square kilometres (187.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,230, of which the population of Borne Sulinowo is 4,224, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,006.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Drawsko Landscape Park.
France Biotech
France Biotech is the French trade association of biotechnology companies. It was created in 1997 by a group of French biotechnology entrepreneurs, among whom was its first president Pascal Brandys.

France Biotech’s primary mission is to support the development of this industry in France, by improving the tax, legal, regulatory and managerial environment in which these companies operate and by advocating for their recognition as a leading-edge industry. France Biotech also aims to turn French innovative health technologies into world leaders. The organization, which championed the creation of the French Young Innovative Company (JEI) status in 2004, develops a wide range of actions intended to set the innovative health sector on an independent and high-performance course.

France Biotech is today chaired by Frédéric Girard and has more than 650 members.

Pascal Brandys
Pascal Brandys (born 30 November 1958, in Roanne) is a French engineer and entrepreneur. He is a graduate of the École Polytechnique and received his M.S. in Economic Systems from Stanford University in 1982.
Elisa & Marcela
Elisa & Marcela (Spanish: Elisa y Marcela) is a 2019 Spanish biographical romantic drama film directed by Isabel Coixet. Starring Natalia de Molina and Greta Fernández, the plot concerns the story of Elisa Sánchez Loriga and Marcela Gracia Ibeas, two women who posed as a heterosexual couple in order to marry in 1901 at Church of Saint George in A Coruña, becoming the first same-sex matrimony recorded in Spain.

Isabel Coixet
Isabel Coixet Castillo (Catalan: [izəˈβɛl kuˈʃɛt]; born 9 April 1960) is a Spanish film director. She is one of the most prolific film directors of contemporary Spain, having directed twelve feature-length films since the beginning of her film career in 1988, in addition to documentary films, shorts, and commercials. Her films depart from the traditional national cinema of Spain, and help to “untangle films from their national context ... clearing the path for thinking about national film from different perspectives.” The recurring themes of “emotions, feelings, and existential conflict” coupled with her distinct visual style secure the “multifaceted (she directs, writes, produces, shoots, and acts)” filmmaker's status as a “Catalan auteur.”
Banu Amir
The Banu Amir (Arabic: بنو عامر, romanized: Banū ʿĀmir) was a large and ancient Arab tribe originating from Western Arabia that dominated Najd for centuries after the rise of Islam. It was an independent branch of the Hawazin confederation, and its original homeland was the border area between Najd and Hejaz in Khurmah and Ranyah. Although the Banu Amir engaged in a long war with the Quraysh before the appearance of Islam —manifesting in particular as the Fijar War — the tribe gave a late allegiance to Muhammad and his immediate successors. The tribe produced several well-known Arabic poets, the most famous of whom was Labid ibn Rabi'ah, an author of one of the Seven Hanged Poems. Other poets included Amir ibn al-Tufayl, an important tribal chief; al-Ra'i al-Numayri, an opponent of Jarir; and the female poet Layla al-Akhyaliyyah. The protagonists of the romantic saga of Layla wal Majnun, Qays and Layla, also belonged to Banu Amir.

Uqaylid dynasty
The ʿUqaylid dynasty, also known as the ʿUqaylid Emirate or ʿUqaylid Realm, was a Shīa Arab realm with several lines that controlled much of Iraq, Levant, Jazira and southern Anatolia; it also controlled northwestern Iran and northern Arabia in the late tenth and eleventh centuries. Over the course of their history, the ʿUqaylid kings extended their rule over most of the neighboring emirates, eventually becoming a significant regional power—even to the point of imposing tribute on the Byzantines. The main line centered in Mosul for more than a century.
Rodels-Realta railway station
Rodels-Realta railway station is a station in Cazis, Switzerland. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Landquart–Thusis line of the Rhaetian Railway. It serves the villages of Rodels and Realta.

Rodels
Rodels (Romansh: Roten) is a former municipality in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland, located in the district of Hinterrhein.  On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.
Public service commissions in India
In India, 'public service commissions are constitutional bodies established under Articles 315 (Part XIV) of the Constitution of India. Its provisions are explained till Article 323. The Government of India and individual state governments have their public service commissions.

The central government's Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts examinations for recruitment to the All India Services (AIS) and the Central Civil Services (CCS) and to advise the President on disciplinary matters. State Public Service Commission in every state conducts examinations for recruitment to state services and to advise the governor on disciplinary matters.

Central Civil Services
The Central Civil Services (CCS) encompasses the various Civil Services of India that are exclusively under the jurisdiction of the Government of India. This is in contrast to the All India Services, which are common to both the central and state government entities, or the state civil services, which fall under the purview of individual states.

The services with the most personnel in the entire Civil Services of India and also the Central Civil Services are with the Central Secretariat Service and Indian Revenue Service (IT and C&CE). The Cadre Controlling Authority for each established Service is controlled by the respective Union government ministries of India. The higher-level positions in the Central Civil Services are classified into Group A and Group B, both of which are gazetted.
Seaweed oil
Seaweed oil, also called algae oil or algal oil, is used for making food, with the purified product almost colorless and odorless. It is also under development as a possible alternative fuel and manufacturing agent.

Seaweed oil is also used as a source of fatty acid dietary supplement, as it contains mono- and polyunsaturated fats, in particular EPA  and DHA, both of them omega-3 fatty acids. The supplement's DHA content is roughly equivalent to that of salmon-based fish oil supplement.

Seaweed oil is also used for biofuel, pharmaceutical manufacturing, massage oil, soaps, and lotions.

Monounsaturated fat
In biochemistry and nutrition, a monounsaturated fat is a fat which contains a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), a subclass of fatty acid characterized by having a double bond in the fatty acid chain with all of the remaining carbon atoms being single-bonded. By contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have more than one double bond.