hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ray Chapman (marksman)
Ray Chapman was an American sport shooter and firearms instructor who was central to the development of practical shooting. He was one of the founders of the International Practical Shooting Confederation at the 1976 Columbia Conference. He won the first IPSC Handgun World Shoot in 1975 and took silver behind Jan Foss from Norway in the second World Shoot in 1976. He continued to compete until 1979 when he retired from competition.

In his mid-teens Chapman served in the United States Marine Corps at the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II after lying about his age to enlist. After the war, he worked as a policeman before he became an engineer for the California Highway Department. In the 1950s, he was one of the pioneers of the Southwest Pistol League with Jeff Cooper.

In February 2008 Ray died peacefully at age 79 in a Texas hospital.

Practical shooting
Practical shooting, also known as dynamic shooting or action shooting, is a set of shooting sports in which the competitors try to unite the three principles of precision, power, and speed, by using a firearm of a certain minimum power factor to score as many points as possible during the shortest time (or sometimes within a set maximum time). While scoring systems vary between organizations, each measures the time in which the course is completed, with penalties for inaccurate shooting.

The courses are called "stages", and are shot individually by the shooters. Usually the shooter must move and shoot from several positions, fire under or over obstacles and in other unfamiliar positions. There are no standard exercises or set arrangement of the targets, and the courses are often designed so that the shooter must be inventive, and therefore the solutions of exercises sometimes vary between shooters.
Allen Tate (musician)
Allen Tate (born June 9, 1989) is an American vocalist, record producer, and songwriter based in Brooklyn, New York. Since 2012, he has been a singer of San Fermin, the indie-rock band led by composer Ellis Ludwig-Leone. As a producer, he has collaborated with artists including San Fermin, Wild Pink, The Districts, Daisy the Great, and Hypoluxo among others. In 2020, he and Ludwig-Leone co-founded their label Better Company Records, a joint venture with The Orchard. Tate's debut solo project, Sleepwalker, co-produced by Ludwig-Leone, was released on October 28, 2016. His sophomore record In the Waves, co-produced by John Agnello, was released on May 3, 2019.

San Fermin (album)
San Fermin is the debut album by chamber pop collective San Fermin. It was developed, written, and produced by composer Ellis Ludwig-Leone and performed by a loose collection of New York-based musicians who performed Ludwig-Leone's composition under the name San Fermin. An official band came about after the recording of the record. San Fermin received critical acclaim from outlets including NPR and Pitchfork.
Twisted cubic
In mathematics, a twisted cubic is a smooth, rational curve C of degree three in projective 3-space P3. It is a fundamental example of a skew curve. It is essentially unique, up to projective transformation (the twisted cubic, therefore). In algebraic geometry, the twisted cubic is a simple example of a projective variety that is not linear or a hypersurface, in fact not a complete intersection. It is the three-dimensional case of the rational normal curve, and is the image of a Veronese map of degree three on the projective line.

Complete intersection
In mathematics, an algebraic variety V in projective space is a complete intersection if the ideal of V is generated by exactly codim V elements. That is, if V has dimension m and  lies in projective space Pn, there should exist n − m homogeneous polynomials:

in the homogeneous coordinates Xj, which generate all other homogeneous polynomials that vanish on V.

Geometrically, each Fi defines a hypersurface; the intersection of these hypersurfaces should be V. The intersection of n − m hypersurfaces will always have dimension at least m, assuming that the field of scalars is an algebraically closed field such as the complex numbers. The question is essentially, can we get the dimension down to m, with no  extra points in the intersection? This condition is fairly hard to check as soon as the codimension n − m  ≥ 2. When n − m = 1 then V is automatically a hypersurface and there is nothing to prove.
Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge
Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge (Irish: [ˈakəd̪ˠəw n̪ˠə ˈhʊl̪ˠˌsˠkʊlˠiːxt̪ˠə ˈɡeːlʲɟə]; English: "The Academy of Irish-Language University Education") is a third level educational and research institution headquartered in Galway, Ireland. It was established as part of the National University of Ireland - Galway in 2004, to further the development Irish-medium education. The academy works in co-operation with faculties, departments and other university offices to develop the range and number of programmes that are provided through the medium of Irish on campus and in the academy's Gaeltacht centres.

Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.
Piz Julier
Piz Julier (German, Romansh: Piz Güglia) is a mountain of the Albula Alps, overlooking the Julier Pass, in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. With a height of 3,380 metres above sea level, Piz Julier is the second highest peak (after Piz Calderas) of the group between the Julier Pass and the Albula Pass.

Piz Julier can be summited by experienced hikers. From the heights of St. Moritz, a trail leads to Fuorcla Albana (2,870 metres), the pass between Piz Julier and Piz Albana. From there a via ferrata, named Senda Enferrada leads to the summit.

Julier Pass
The Julier Pass (Romansh: Pass dal Güglia, German: Julierpass, Italian Passo del Giulia) (elev. 2284 m) is a mountain pass in the Albula Alps of Switzerland. It connects the Engadin valley with central Graubünden. At its summit, the pass crosses the drainage divide between the basins of the rivers Rhine and Danube.

The Julier Pass lies between the towns of Bivio to the west and Silvaplana to the east. It is part of the Swiss N29 national road, but does not require a vignette (road tax sticker). The pass was heavily used in the Roman era and contains the most artifacts of Roman roads of any location in Graubünden. The modern road was built between 1820 and 1828. Between 1935 and 1940, the Julier Pass became the first Swiss alpine road paved with asphalt.

The Julier Pass is the most important northern entrance to the Engadin valley and one of three such paved road passes, the others being the Albula Pass and the Flüela Pass.
2023 USFL championship game
The 2023 USFL championship game was an American football game that was played on July 1, 2023, at Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton, Ohio. The contest determined the champion of the 2023 USFL season and was played between the Pittsburgh Maulers and the Birmingham Stallions, eventually crowning Birmingham the champion of the league for the second year in a row.

The game featured the number one defense in the league in Pittsburgh facing off against the number one offense in the league in Birmingham. After going up 3–0, the Maulers would fall after Alex McGough threw touchdown passes to Davion Davis and Deon Cain, the eventual MVP, and would never lead again. The Maulers would add additional field goals, though their continued lack of success on the offensive side of the ball would ultimately be the reason they lost the game. The Stallions eventually won the game 28-12 to repeat as USFL champions.

Alex McGough
Alexander Lee McGough (/məˈɡuː/ mə-GOO; born November 19, 1995) is an American former professional football quarterback. McGough played college football for the FIU Panthers, and was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the seventh round of the 2018 NFL draft. He has also been a member of the Jacksonville Jaguars, Houston Texans, and Green Bay Packers.
Ersha Island station
Ersha Island station (simplified Chinese: 二沙岛站; traditional Chinese: 二沙島站; Jyutping: ji6 saa1 dou2 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Yihsāadóu Jaahm) is a station on Line 12 of the Guangzhou Metro and the terminus of the East section of the line. It is located underground on the north side of Yanyu Road within Guangzhou Development Park on Ersha Island in Guangzhou's Yuexiu District. It opened on 29 June 2025.

Yuexiu, Guangzhou
Yuexiu District (Chinese: 越秀区; Jyutping: jyut6 sau3 keoi1) is one of 11 urban districts and the seat of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China, located west of the Tianhe District and east of the Liwan District. It is the commercial, political and cultural centre of Guangdong and noted for its high-quality education. The area has served as a regional administrative center for nearly 2,000 years, and assumed its current boundaries in September 2005. The Guangdong provincial government and the Guangzhou city government are both located in the Yuexiu District. Yuexiu District has 18 subdistricts under its jurisdiction. The total area is 33.8 square kilometres (13.1 mi2). According to the 2020 Chinese Census, the permanent population of Yuexiu District was 1,038,643.
Gmina Łazy
Gmina Łazy is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Łazy, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Zawiercie and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 132.56 square kilometres (51.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 15,923.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Eagle Nests Landscape Park.

Eagles' Nests Landscape Park
The Eagles' Nests Landscape Park (Park Krajobrazowy Orlich Gniazd) is a 597 km2 (231 mi2) protected area in south-western Poland, and one of over 120 Polish official Landscape parks. It was established in 1980, and covers much of the area of the Trail of the Eagles' Nests, marked as No. 1 on the official list of tourist trails. The trail passes by some 25 medieval castles called the Eagles' Nests, built on large, tall rocks by the order of King Casimir III the Great.
Kilmainham Gaol
Kilmainham Gaol (Irish: Príosún Chill Mhaighneann) is a former prison in Kilmainham, Dublin. It is now a museum run by the Office of Public Works, an agency of the Government of Ireland. Many Irish revolutionaries, including the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising (Patrick Pearse, James Connolly, Tom Clarke, Seán Mac Diarmada, Joseph Plunkett, Éamonn Ceannt, Thomas MacDonagh), were imprisoned and executed in the prison by the orders of the UK Government.

Robert Emmet
Robert Emmet (4 March 1778 – 20 September 1803) was an Irish Republican, orator and rebel leader. Following the suppression of the United Irish uprising in 1798, he sought to organise a renewed attempt in Ireland to overthrow the British Crown and Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland, and to break the recently enforced union with Great Britain. Emmet entertained, but ultimately abandoned, hopes of immediate French assistance and of coordination with radical militants in Great Britain. In Ireland, many of the surviving veterans of '98 hesitated to lend their support, and his rising in Dublin in 1803 proved abortive.

Emmet’s Proclamation of the Provisional Government to the People of Ireland, his Speech from the Dock, and his "sacrificial" end on the gallows inspired later generations of Irish republicans. His memory was invoked by Patrick Pearse who in 1916 was again to proclaim a provisional government in Dublin.
J. Larry Jones
J. Larry Jones (born September 2, 1956) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing trainer. He has trained over one thousand winners, including three winners of the Kentucky Oaks: Proud Spell in 2008, Believe You Can in 2012, and Lovely Maria in 2015. He has trained two horses who have finished second in the Kentucky Derby; Hard Spun, and the filly Eight Belles.

Lovely Maria
Lovely Maria (foaled 23 April 2012) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. After winning two of her first six races she recorded her first major win in the Ashland Stakes in April 2015 before winning the Kentucky Oaks on May 1.
Sportscar Vintage Racing Association
The Sportscar Vintage Racing Association (SVRA) is an American automobile club and sanctioning body that supports vintage racing in the United States. The organization was founded in 1981, and is regarded as the premier vintage racing organization in the U.S.

Along with conducting official race meets, SVRA events also include car shows, auto auctions, vendors, and other activities promoting the "car culture". The organization encourages the restoration, preservation, and racing of historically significant automobiles that are configured as closely as possible to their original design and construction.

Road Atlanta
Road Atlanta (known for sponsorship reasons as Michelin Raceway Road Atlanta) is a 2.540 mi (4.088 km) road course located just north of Braselton, Georgia, United States. The facility is utilized for a wide variety of events, including professional and amateur sports car and motorcycle races, racing and driving schools, corporate programs and testing for motorsports teams. The track has 12 turns, including the famous "esses" between turns three and five; and Turn 12, a downhill, diving turn. The track is owned by IMSA Holdings, LLC through its subsidiary Road Atlanta, LLC, and is the home to the Petit Le Mans, as well as AMA motorcycle racing, and smaller events throughout the year. Michelin acquired naming rights to the facility in 2018.
Old Town Hall, Knaresborough
The Old Town Hall is a former municipal building in the Market Place, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, England. The structure, which was used as an events venue by Knaresborough Urban District Council, is a Grade II listed building.

Knaresborough
Knaresborough (/ˈnɛərzbərə/ NAIRZ-bər-ə) is a market and spa town and civil parish on the River Nidd in North Yorkshire, England. It is three miles (five kilometres) east of Harrogate and was in the Borough of Harrogate until April 2023.
Rashōmon (short story)
"Rashōmon (羅生門)" is a short story by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa based on tales from the Konjaku Monogatarishū.

The story was first published in 1915 in Teikoku Bungaku. Akira Kurosawa's film Rashomon (1950) is in fact based primarily on another of Akutagawa's short stories, "In a Grove"; only the film's title and some of the material for the frame scenes, such as the theft of a kimono and the discussion of the moral ambiguity of thieving to survive, are borrowed from "Rashōmon".

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (芥川 龍之介, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke; Japanese pronunciation: [ɾʲɯː.no.sɯ̥.ke], 1 March 1892 – 24 July 1927), art name Chōkōdō Shujin (澄江堂主人), was a Japanese writer active in the Taishō period in Japan. He is regarded as the "father of the Japanese short story", and Japan's premier literary award, the Akutagawa Prize, is named after him. He took his own life at the age of 35 through an overdose of barbital.
2022–23 Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball team
The 2022–23 Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball team represented Oklahoma State University during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Mike Boynton, and played its home games at Gallagher-Iba Arena in Stillwater, Oklahoma as a member of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 17–14, 8–10 in Big 12 play to finish in seventh place. They defeated Oklahoma in the first round of the Big 12 tournament before losing in the quarterfinals to Texas. They were invited to the National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Youngstown State and Eastern Washington before losing in overtime in the quarterfinals to North Texas.

2022–23 Youngstown State Penguins men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Youngstown State Penguins men's basketball team represented Youngstown State University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Penguins, led by sixth-year head coach Jerrod Calhoun, played their home games at the Beeghly Center in Youngstown, Ohio as members of the Horizon League. They finished the regular season 23–8, 15–5 in Horizon League play, to finish in first place. They defeated Detroit Mercy in the quarterfinal round of the Horizon League tournament, before suffering an upset loss to eventual tournament winners Northern Kentucky in the semifinals. As the regular season leader who did not win their conference tournament, the Penguins received an auto-bid to play in the 2023 National Invitation Tournament, where they lost to Oklahoma State in the first round.

With a final record of 24–10, the 2022–23 season marked the Penguins' best season in Division I play.
Giovanni Emanuele Bidera
Giovanni Emanuele Bidera (or Bideri) (4 October 1784 – 8 April 1858) was an Italian writer.

He is primarily known as the librettist of Gaetano Donizetti's operas Gemma di Vergy and Marino Faliero, but he also wrote many other librettos for lesser known composers as well as plays, essays, books about Naples, and a treatise on acting. Bidera was born in the small Sicilian town of Palazzo Adriano and spent most of his career in Naples. In 1850 he retired to Palermo where he died at the age of 73.

Giuseppe Balducci (composer)
Giuseppe Balducci (2 May 1796 – 1845) was an Italian composer, primarily of operas. Born in Iesi, he spent most of his career in Naples and was one of the originators of the "salon opera" genre, the forerunner of chamber opera.
Dvorichne
Dvorichne (Ukrainian: Дворічне, Russian: Двуречное, romanized: Dvurechnoe) is a village in Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Dvorichna settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village has a pre-war population of 326 people, and is most notable for Dvorichna station which resides in the middle of the village. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the village would become a frontline settlement after the 2022 Ukrainian eastern counteroffensive in September 2022, and would remain largely contested until Russian forces pushed the last Ukrainian forces from the settlement on 10 February 2023. The village remains under Russian control as of May 2023.

Dvorichna settlement hromada
The Dvorichna settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Дворічанська селищна громада, romanized: Dvorichanska selyshchna hromada; Russian: Дворичанская поселковая община) is a hromada in the Kupiansk Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. The hromada was created on 12 June 2020, and is centrally administered by the rural settlement of Dvorichna, being the local government for 55 settlements. The pre-war population of the hromada was small, and the economy was largely agriculture-based with little industry. As of 2025, the hromada remains about half occupied by Russian forces as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian war, and has been severely depopulated because of a mandatory evacuation that has been issued for all civilians in recaptured areas.
Savageville, Ohio
Savageville is an unincorporated community in Jackson Township, Jackson County, Ohio, United States.  It is located northwest of Jackson at the intersection of U.S. Route 35 and Spencer Road, at 39°08′20″N 82°43′09″W﻿ / ﻿39.13889°N 82.71917°W﻿ / 39.13889; -82.71917.

Jackson County, Ohio
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,653. Its county seat is Jackson. The county is named for Andrew Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812 who was subsequently elected President of the United States. It is known as "The Little Wales of Ohio".
Wickersham Commission
The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (also known unofficially as the Wickersham Commission) was a committee established by the U.S. president, Herbert Hoover, on May 20, 1929. Former attorney general George W. Wickersham (1858–1936) chaired the 11-member group, which was charged with investigating the causes and costs of crime, Prohibition enforcement, policing, courts and antiquated criminal procedures, and prisons, parole and probation practices, among other topics in order to improve the American criminal justice system.

During the 1928 presidential campaign Herbert Hoover supported the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (which had introduced nationwide alcohol prohibition) but he recognized that evasion of the law was widespread and that prohibition had fueled the growth of organized crime.

George W. Wickersham
George Woodward Wickersham (September 19, 1858 – January 25, 1936) was an American lawyer and Attorney General of the United States in the administration of President William H. Taft. He returned to government to serve in appointed positions under both Republican and Democratic administrations, for Woodrow Wilson and Herbert Hoover. He was President of the Council on Foreign Relations for the latter.
Geografiska Annaler
Geografiska Annaler is a scientific journal published by the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography in Stockholm, Sweden. The journal is founded in 1919. Since 1965 the journal is published in two series A and B. Series A deals with arctic research, physical geography, glaciology and quaternary science in general. Series B covers the topics of human geography and economic geography, with a special, but not exclusive, focus on the Nordic and Baltic countries.

Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography
The Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (SSAG; Swedish: Svenska Sällskapet för Antropologi och Geografi) is a scientific learned society founded in December 1877. It was established after a rearrangement of various sections of the Anthropological Society, which was formed in 1873 by Hjalmar Stolpe, Hans Hildebrand, Oscar Montelius, and Gustaf Retzius.

The society functions as a link between science and the public, especially in the subjects of anthropology and geography. It awards research fellowships, organizes excursions and lectures, and hands out awards including the Vega Medal and Retzius Medal. In 1880, the society published the first edition of the Swedish yearbook Ymer, and it has published the international journal Geografiska Annaler since 1919, a publication that is divided between physical geography and human geography.

In 2018, it established Kritisk Etnografi, an academic journal of ethnography.
Licán Ray
Licán Ray is a Chilean town and resort area, located on the north shore of Calafquén Lake, 27 kilometres from the town of Villarrica, within the commune of Villarrica, Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. It is a busy tourist centre with a population of 7,200 (measured in the 2002 census and updated in 2012). The town's name comes from Mapudungun, the language of Chile's indigenous Mapuche people, and means “Stone Flower”. The name can be written in different ways, such as Lican Ray, Licanray or Licán-Ray.

Cautín Province
Cautín Province (Spanish: Provincia de Cautín) is one of two provinces in the southern Chilean region of La Araucanía (IX), bounded on the north by Arauco and Malleco provinces, on the east by Argentina, on the south by Valdivia Province, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Its population at the 2012 census was of 692,582. The most important communes are Temuco, Villarrica, Padre Las Casas, and Nueva Imperial. Cattle, forestry, and agriculture make up most of Cautin's economy. Its climate is humid, rainy in winter, and generally warm in summer.