hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exotic star
An exotic star is a hypothetical compact star composed of exotic matter (something not made of electrons, protons, neutrons, or muons), and balanced against gravitational collapse by degeneracy pressure or other quantum properties.

Types of exotic stars include

quark stars (composed of quarks)

strange stars (composed of strange quark matter, a condensate of up, down, and strange quarks)

preon stars (speculative material composed of preons, which are hypothetical particles and "building blocks" of quarks and leptons, should quarks be decomposable into component sub-particles).

Of the various types of exotic star proposed, the most well evidenced and understood is the quark star, although its existence is not confirmed.

Gravitational collapse
Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity. Gravitational collapse is a fundamental mechanism for structure formation in the universe. Over time an initial, relatively smooth distribution of matter, after sufficient accretion, may collapse to form pockets of higher density, such as stars or black holes.

Star formation involves a gradual gravitational collapse of interstellar medium into clumps of molecular clouds and potential protostars. The compression caused by the collapse raises the temperature until thermonuclear fusion occurs at the center of the star, at which point the collapse gradually comes to a halt as the outward thermal pressure balances the gravitational forces. The star then exists in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. During the star's evolution a star might collapse again and reach several new states of equilibrium.
Ray Foulk
Raymond Ian Barnes Foulk MA, Dip Arch, RIBA, is an English architect, author, environmentalist, art collector, exhibition curator and rock music festival promoter/organiser. Foulk founded the Isle of Wight Festivals of Music in 1968 with his brothers Ronald Anthony (Ron) and John Philip (known as Bill) Foulk.
Born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire Foulk was brought up in the Isle of Wight from the age of 10 with his younger sister and three brothers by their recently widowed mother. 
Foulk is best known as the promoter who negotiated for and signed Bob Dylan for the 2nd Isle of Wight Festival 1969 - the artist's first full concert, pre-announced, advertised or paid performance since May 1966 and his only such performance in nearly eight years. Foulk is also well known for provoking an Act of Parliament (the Isle of Wight Act 1971).

Isle of Wight Festival
The Isle of Wight Festival is a British music festival which takes place annually in Newport on the Isle of Wight, England. It was originally a counterculture event held from 1968 to 1970.

The 1970 event was by far the largest of these early festivals and the unexpectedly high attendance levels led, in 1971, to Parliament adding a section to the Isle of Wight County Council Act 1971 preventing overnight open-air gatherings of more than 5,000 people on the island without a special licence from the council. The event was revived in 2002 with Rock Island 2002, and has since been held annually, except for 2020 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Elmer Ellsworth Adams
Elmer Ellsworth Adams (December 31, 1861 – May 24, 1950) was an American businessman, newspaper editor, and politician.

Adams was born in Waterbury, Vermont and moved to Fergus Falls, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, in 1878. He graduated from University of Minnesota in 1884. Adams was the editor of The Fergus Falls Journal. He was also involved in the banking and milling businesses. Adams served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1905 to 1910, in 1915 and 1916, and in 1919 and 1920. He then served in the Minnesota Senate from 1931 to 1934 and from 1939 to 1942. Adams was a Republican.

Waterbury, Vermont
Waterbury is a town in Washington County in central Vermont, United States. Although the town is still home to the Waterbury Village Historic District, the village sharing the name of the town officially dissolved as a municipality in 2018. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,331.
Chuqi Ch'iwani
Chuqi Ch'iwani (Aymara chuqi gold, ch'iwa edible, cooked leaves, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, Hispanicized spelling Choque Chihuani) is a 4,695-metre-high (15,404 ft) mountain in the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It lies south-east of Wiñaymarka Lake, the southern part of Lake Titicaca. It is located in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, at the border of the Jesús de Machaca Municipality and the Tiwanaku Municipality. Chuqi Ch'iwani is situated south of the mountains Nasa Puqi and Kimsa Chata.

Tiwanaku Municipality
Tiwanaku Municipality is the third municipal section of the Ingavi Province in the  La Paz Department, Bolivia. Its seat is the village of Tiwanaku located near the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tiwanaku.
Gregg Cash
Gregg Cash (born September 6, 1985) is a Philadelphia born, Los Angeles based bass guitarist & Music Director best known as a current member of the hard rock band Josh Todd and the Conflict alongside Buckcherry founder Josh Todd and Buckcherry guitarist Stevie D. The band's debut album Year Of The Tiger was released September 2017. Cash is also known for his work as the former bassist in Dorothy on Jay Z's Roc Nation record label. Dorothy was ranked #14 on RollingStone Magazine's 50 best new bands in 2014. Cash is currently a sponsored player by Orange Amps.

Josh Todd and the Conflict
Josh Todd and the Conflict is an American hard rock band formed by Buckcherry members Josh Todd (vocals) and Stevie D (guitarist). The band released their debut album Year of The Tiger in September 2017. The album was co-produced by Stevie D and Stone Temple Pilots drummer Eric Kretz.
West Falls, New York
West Falls is a hamlet in the town of Aurora in Erie County, New York, United States. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.

New York State Route 240 passes through the hamlet.

The hamlet is covered by the East Aurora Union Free School District. The former West Falls Elementary School closed in 1983.

The hamlet is home to the West Falls - Colden Community Library.

Aurora, Erie County, New York
Aurora is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 13,782 at the 2010 census. It is one of the "Southtowns" of Erie County and is also erroneously called "East Aurora", the name of its principal village. The town is centrally located in the county, southeast of Buffalo.

The former Christ the King Seminary is located in the northern part of the town.
2014 Allsvenskan
The 2014 Allsvenskan, part of the 2014 Swedish football season, was the 90th season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924. The 2014 fixtures were released on 20 December 2013. The season started on 30 March 2014 and concluded on 1 November 2014. Malmö FF, the defending champions from the 2013 season, successfully defended their title.

Malmö FF's victory in the Swedish championship this season, their 21st Allsvenskan title and 18th Swedish championship overall, came in the 27th round on 5 October 2014 when they won 3–2 in the away fixture against AIK at Friends Arena. Malmö FF became the first club to defend a Swedish championship by winning consecutive Allsvenskan titles since Djurgårdens IF in the 2003 season.

A total of 16 teams contested the league; 14 returning from the 2013 season and two that were promoted from Superettan.

Lasse Vibe
Lasse Vibe (born 22 February 1987) is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a forward or winger. After beginning his career in his native Denmark, he came to prominence in Sweden with IFK Göteborg and has also played in England and China. Vibe was a Denmark international and captained the 2016 Denmark Olympic team.
Magnificent Sinner
Magnificent Sinner (original French title: Katia) is a 1959 French drama historical film by director Robert Siodmak about the romance between Tsar Alexander II of Russia and the then-schoolgirl Catherine Dolgorukova, who later became his mistress and finally his morganatic wife. It stars Romy Schneider as Katia, a schoolgirl who becomes the Tsar's mistress and Curd Jürgens as Tsar Alexander II of Russia. The film, originally released as Katia,  was a remake of a 1938 French film of the same name, which starred Danielle Darrieux.

Catherine Dolgorukova
Princess Catherine Dolgorukova (Russian: Екатери́на Миха́йловна Долгору́кова, romanized: Yekaterína Mikháyilovna Dolgorúkova; 14 November [O.S. 2 November] 1847 – 15 February 1922) was a Russian aristocrat and the daughter of Prince Michael Dolgorukov and his wife, Vera Vishnevskaya.

Catherine was a long-time mistress of Tsar Alexander II and later, as his morganatic wife, was given the title of Princess Yurievskaya (Russian: Светлéйшая княги́ня Ю́рьевская).

Alexander and Catherine already had three children when they formed a morganatic marriage on 18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1880, after the death of the Emperor's wife, Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, on 3 June [O.S. 22 May] 1880. A fourth child had died in infancy. Catherine became a widow with the assassination of Alexander II on 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 by members of Narodnaya Volya.
Skirmish in Doubtful Canyon
The Skirmish in Doubtful Canyon took place on May 3, 1864, between a company of infantry from the California Column and a band of about 100 Apaches. The fighting occurred near Steins Peak in Doubtful Canyon, Arizona Territory. Doubtful Canyon, along with Apache Pass and Cookes Canyon, was a favored location for an ambush by the Apache along the Butterfield Overland Mail route.

The Californians were on the march from Fort Cummings to Fort Bowie in the military District of Arizona, when they were attacked in the canyon. The band of Apaches were defeated by 54 men of Company I, 5th California Volunteer Infantry Regiment under Lieutenant Henry H. Stevens. The skirmish lasted about an hour until the Apache fled. The Apache lost 10 killed and  20 wounded. The Californians lost 1 missing and 5 wounded according to official records. Michno claims the battle lasted almost two hours and that the Californians suffered 6 wounded (1 mortally), and 1 missing, presumed killed.

Doubtful Canyon
Doubtful Canyon was the name of two canyons in the Peloncillo Mountains, once considered in the 19th century as one canyon that served as the pass through those mountains.

Today the canyon bearing the name Doubtful Canyon, is mostly in Cochise County, Arizona, near the New Mexico border. It descends to the east into the Animas Valley past Steins Peak it is in Hidalgo County, New Mexico.

Doubtful Canyon has a tributary, Little Doubtful Canyon that joins it just east of the Arizona New Mexico border. The western canyon is now called West Doubtful Canyon and it descends into the San Simon Valley, in Cochise County, Arizona.
Vladimir Gusinsky
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Gusinsky (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Гуси́нский, [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑ ɡʊˈsʲinskʲɪj]; born 6 October 1952) is an Israeli-Russian media tycoon. He founded the Media-Most holding company that included the NTV free-to-air channel, the newspaper Segodnya, and a number of magazines.

Alfred Koch
Alfred Reingoldovich Koch (Kokh) (Russian: Альфред Рейнгольдович Кох, German: Alfred Reingoldowitsch Koch, born 28 February 1961)  is a Russian statesman, writer, mathematician-economist, and businessman. From 12 September 1996 to 13 August 1997 and from 17 March 1997 to 13 August 1997, he was the head of the Federal Agency for State Property Management and a deputy prime minister of Russia under Viktor Chernomyrdin, respectively.
New Test Leper
"New Test Leper" is a song by R.E.M., included on their tenth studio album, New Adventures in Hi-Fi, which was released in 1996. It was not released as a single; its only non-album issue was on a 1996 Germany-only-released Warner Bros. Records promotional CD. The song was also included in the greatest hits compilation Part Lies, Part Heart, Part Truth, Part Garbage 1982–2011, released in 2011 soon after the group disbanded. The song was played live throughout the Up tour in 1998 and 1999. In 2003, it was played live for two concerts, was played once in 2005, once in 2007, and one final time in 2008.

New Adventures in Hi-Fi
New Adventures in Hi-Fi is the tenth studio album by the American alternative rock band R.E.M. It was their fifth major-label release for Warner Bros. Records, released on September 9, 1996, in Europe and Australia, and the following day in the United States. New Adventures in Hi-Fi was the band's final album recorded with founding drummer Bill Berry (who left the band amicably the following year), original manager Jefferson Holt, and long-time producer Scott Litt.

The members of R.E.M. consider the recorded album representative of the band at their peak, and fans generally regard it as the band's last great record before a perceived artistic decline during the late 1990s and early 2000s. It has sold around seven million units, growing in cult status years after its release, with several retrospectives ranking it among the best of the band's recorded catalogue.
Red Turban Rebellions
The Red Turban Rebellions (Chinese: 紅巾起義; pinyin: Hóngjīn Qǐyì) were uprisings against the Yuan dynasty between 1351 and 1368, eventually leading to its collapse. Remnants of the Yuan imperial court retreated northwards and is thereafter known as the Northern Yuan in historiography.

Chen Youliang
Chen Youliang (陳友諒; 1320 – 3 October 1363) was the founder and first emperor of the dynastic state of Chen Han in Chinese history. He was one of the military leaders and heroes of the peasant rebellions at the end of the Yuan dynasty.
2007 Tim Hortons Brier
The 2007 Tim Hortons Brier, Canada's men's curling championship, was held from March 3 to 11 at Copps Coliseum in Hamilton, Ontario. After losing in the final the previous season, Team Ontario skipped by Glenn Howard defeated 2006 Olympic gold medalist Brad Gushue and his Newfoundland and Labrador team in the final.

Glenn Howard
Glenn William Howard (born July 17, 1962) is a retired Canadian curler who is one of the most decorated curlers of all time.  He has won four world championships, four Briers and 17 Ontario provincial championships, including a record eight straight, from 2006 to 2013. He has made 20 Brier appearances, playing in a total of 227 games, the third most of any curler.  He has won a career 14 Grand Slams, won the 2001 TSN and 2013 Dominion All-Star Skin Games and the 2010 Canada Cup of Curling.

He currently coaches his son Scott Howard's Ontario rink.
Kai Kodutha Deivam
Kai Kodutha Deivam (transl. The God Who Helped) is a 1964 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Savitri, S. S. Rajendran and K. R. Vijaya. It was released on 18 July 1964 and became a success, winning the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil – President's silver medal. The film was remade Telugu as Marapurani Katha (1967), in Malayalam as Palunku Pathram (1970) and in Hindi as Pyar Ki Kahani (1971).

Palunku Pathram
Palunku Pathram (transl. Frail Vessel) is a 1970 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by M. Krishnan Nair and produced by A. L. Sreenivasan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Sathyan, Padmini and Sukumari. The film had musical score by G. Devarajan. It is a remake of the Tamil film Kai Kodutha Deivam.
Ceremonial first puck
The ceremonial first puck is a longstanding ritual of ice hockey in which a guest of honor drops a puck to mark the end of pregame festivities and the start of the game. Like baseball's ceremonial first pitch, this first puck does not actually begin play but is retrieved and presented to the guest of honour as a keepsake. In the National Hockey League (NHL), the anthem is routinely played before the ceremonial first puck.

The ceremonial puck dropper may be a notable person (dignitary, celebrity, former player, etc.) who is in attendance, an executive from a company that sponsors the team (especially when that company has sponsored that night's promotional giveaway), or a person who has been awarded the privilege as a result of some recent contest or current event.  Especially in the minor leagues, multiple first puck drops are not uncommon; the honoree may merely pose at centre ice displaying his commemorative puck without actually dropping it into any faceoff.

Ceremonial first pitch
The ceremonial first pitch is a longstanding event in baseball in which a guest of honor throws a ball to mark the end of pregame festivities and the start of the game. Originally, the guest threw a ball from their seat in the grandstand to the pitcher or catcher of the home team, but the ritual changed after United States President Ronald Reagan threw the first pitch on the field at an unscheduled appearance at a 1988 Baltimore Orioles game. Now, the guest stands on or in front of the pitcher's mound and throws towards home plate. The recipient of the pitch is usually a player from the home team.

The ceremonial thrower may be a notable person (dignitary, celebrity, former player, etc.) who is in attendance, an executive from a company that sponsors the team (especially when that company has sponsored that night's promotional giveaway), or a person who won the first pitch opportunity as a contest prize. Often, especially in the minor leagues, multiple first pitches are made.
Gireesh Sahdev
Gireesh Sahdev is an Indian film and television actor who appears in Hindi films and television serials. He is best known for his roles in the serials Best of Luck Nikki, Navya..Naye Dhadkan Naye Sawaal, Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi, Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga and Instant Khichdi. He has also appeared as a supporting actor in several films including Jab Tak Hai Jaan, Dabangg 2 and Khichdi: The Movie. His brother Piyush Sahdev and sister Meher Vij are also actors.

Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga
Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga (transl. Aladdin – Must've Heard The Name) is an Indian fantasy television series loosely based on the Arabian Nights story Aladdin. The series premiered on 21 August 2018 on Sony SAB. The series involves Aladdin, a kind-hearted thief, as he falls in love with Princess Yasmine, befriends a wish-granting Genie of the Lamp, and battles Zafar and later the evil enchantress Mallika, and again with Zafar after his rebirth. While it incorporates many elements from the traditional Aladdin story, such as a young thief, a genie and a princess, it deviates significantly in its narrative and character development. The show's plot introduces new story arcs, original villains, and reimagined character relationships that set it apart from the more linear Disney adaptation. The series went off-air on 5 February 2021.
Robert Jaulin
Robert Jaulin (7 March 1928, Le Cannet, Alpes-Maritimes – 22 November 1996, Grosrouvre) was a French ethnologist. After several journeys to Chad, between 1954 and 1959, among the Sara people, he published in 1967 La Mort Sara (The Sara Death) in which he exposed the various initiation rites through which he had passed himself, and closely analyzed Sara geomancy. In La Paix blanche (The White peace, 1970), he redefined the notion of ethnocide in relation to the extermination by the Western world of the Bari culture, located between Venezuela and Colombia. As genocide designs the physical extermination of a people, an ethnocide refers to the extermination of a culture.

Sara people
The Sara people, sometimes referred to as the Kaba or Sara-Kaba, are a Central Sudanic ethnic group native to southern Chad, the northwestern areas of the Central African Republic, and the southern border of South Sudan. They speak the Sara languages which are a part of the Central Sudanic language family. They are also the largest ethnic group in Chad.

Sara oral histories add further details about the people. In summary, the Sara are mostly animists (veneration of nature), with a social order made up of several patrilineal clans formerly united into a single polity with a national language, national identity, and national religion. Many Sara people have retained their ethnic religion, but some have converted to Christianity and Islam.
Schierstein Bridge
The Schierstein Bridge (German: Schiersteiner Brücke) is 1,282-meter (4,206 ft) long, four-lane highway bridge in Germany.  It carries Bundesautobahn 643 over the Rhine River between Mainz-Mombach, Rhineland-Palatinate and Wiesbaden-Schierstein, Hesse (Rhine kilometrage 504.45). Crossing two arms of the Rhine and the intervening island of Rettbergsaue, the bridge is made of six individual structures, including 100 m (330 ft) from prestressed concrete. It was built between 1959 and 1962.

The Schierstein Bridge  is located about 5.8 km (3.6 mi) downstream of the Theodor Heuss Bridge. Together with the Theodor Heuss Bridge and the A 60 bridge, it is one of three road bridges across the Rhine at Mainz. It is the last bridge over the Middle Rhine for 80 kilometers (50 mi) downstream, before the Südbrücke in Koblenz.

From mid-February to mid-April 2015 the bridge was closed from all traffic due to extensive structural damage.

Schierstein
Schierstein (German pronunciation: [ˈʃiːɐ̯ʃtaɪn]) is a southwestern borough of Wiesbaden, capital of state of Hesse, Germany. First mentioned in historical records in 860, Schierstein was incorporated into Wiesbaden in 1926. Today the borough has about 10,000 residents. Situated on the Rhine River, Schierstein is known as the "Gateway to the Rheingau."
Brioude
Brioude (French pronunciation: [bʁijud] ⓘ; Auvergnat: Briude) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-central France. It lies on the banks of the river Allier, a tributary of the Loire.

Allier (river)
The Allier (UK: /ˈælieɪ/ AL-ee-ay, US: /ælˈjeɪ, ɑːlˈjeɪ/ a(h)l-YAY, French: [alje] ⓘ; Occitan: Alèir) is a river in central France. It is a left tributary of the Loire. Its source is in the Massif Central, in the Lozère department, east of Mende. It flows generally north. It joins the Loire west of the city of Nevers. It is 421 km (262 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 14,350 km2 (5,540 mi2).
Laurence Carbee Craigie
Laurence Carbee Craigie (January 26, 1902 – February 27, 1994), was an American aviator and United States Air Force general. He became the first U.S. military jet pilot in 1942 when he piloted the Bell XP-59. With Orval R. Cook he is also known as one half of the Cook-Craigie plan, a method of producing aircraft.

Cook–Craigie plan
In aviation, the Cook–Craigie plan is an approach to the development process of civil and military aircraft, designed to reduce the time needed to bring a new design into service. In the late 1940s, US Air Force Major Generals Laurence C. Craigie, deputy chief of staff for development, and Orval R. Cook, deputy chief of staff for materiel, proposed that new designs should move directly into the production phase without the construction of prototypes. Since then, this approach has been used in an increasing number of aviation projects.
Air Zoo
The Air Zoo, founded as the Kalamazoo Aviation History Museum, is an aviation museum and indoor amusement park next to the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek International Airport in Portage, Michigan. The Air Zoo holds many historical and rare aircraft, including the world's fastest air-breathing aircraft, the SR-71B Blackbird. Many of its antique planes are airworthy. Among its other attractions are a 180-degree theater that projects a simulation of a B-17 bombing mission during World War II; and various amusement rides, including flight simulators of a rocket trip to Mars, a U.S. Navy (former Blue Angel) F/A-18 Hornet, a stunt biplane, a hot air balloon, a U.S. Navy F-14A Tomcat that served aboard USS America, and more. Air Zoo is a Smithsonian Affiliate.

Smithsonian Affiliations
Smithsonian Affiliations is a division of the Smithsonian Institution that establishes long-term partnerships with non-Smithsonian museums and educational and cultural organizations in order to share collections, exhibitions and educational strategies and conduct joint research. Partner organizations are known as "Smithsonian Affiliates".