hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbus Metropolitan Library
The Columbus Metropolitan Library (CML) is a public library system in Franklin County, Ohio, in the Columbus metropolitan area. The library serves an area of approximately 1 million residents, has a collection of 1,483,433 volumes, and circulates 17,262,267 items per year.

The library consists of the Main Library and 23 branches located in neighborhoods throughout Franklin County. The branches are Barnett, Canal Winchester, Driving Park, Dublin, Franklinton, Gahanna, Hilliard, Hilltop, Karl Road, Linden, Livingston, Marion-Franklin, Martin Luther King, New Albany, Northern Lights, Northside, Parsons, Reynoldsburg, Shepard, South High, Southeast, Whetstone, and Whitehall. CML also jointly operates the Northwest Library in cooperation with Worthington Libraries. Columbus Metropolitan Library is a member of the Central Library Consortium, which enables its 18-member library systems to share a catalog.

Driving Park
Driving Park is an urban residential area on the Near East Side of Columbus, Ohio, United States, just south of Interstate 70. Mainly a middle-class, predominantly African American neighborhood, Driving Park and its surrounding neighborhoods consist of an area of 17,730 residents. Driving Park received its name from its historic past as a large racing complex, first for horses and later for automobiles.
Least mean squares filter
Least mean squares (LMS) algorithms are a class of adaptive filter used to mimic a desired filter by finding the filter coefficients that relate to producing the least mean square of the error signal (difference between the desired and the actual signal). It is a stochastic gradient descent method in that the filter is only adapted based on the error at the current time.  It was invented in 1960 by Stanford University professor Bernard Widrow and his first Ph.D. student, Ted Hoff, based on their research into single-layer neural networks. Specifically, they used gradient descent to train an ADALINE to recognize patterns, and called the algorithm "delta rule". They applied the rule to filters, resulting in the LMS algorithm.

Wiener filter
In signal processing, the Wiener filter is a filter used to produce an estimate of a desired or target random process by linear time-invariant (LTI) filtering of an observed noisy process, assuming known stationary signal and noise spectra, and additive noise. The Wiener filter minimizes the mean square error between the estimated random process and the desired process.
Havre Weekly Chronicle
The Havre Weekly Chronicle was a weekly newspaper printed in Havre, Montana, US. The paper serves Hill County and the Hi-Line of north-central Montana, named for the northernmost line of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway, originally built by the Great Northern Railway. It originated in 1914 and was merged into the Cut Bank Pioneer Press in 2026.

Havre, Montana
Havre (/ˈhævər/ HAV-ər) is the county seat of and the largest city in Hill County, Montana, United States. Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line. It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France. As of the 2020 census the population was 9,362.
Siege of Maastricht (1748)
The siege of Maastricht took place in April–May 1748 during the War of the Austrian Succession. A French force under the overall command of Maurice de Saxe besieged and captured the Dutch city of Maastricht in the final few months of the campaign in the Low Countries. After a relatively long siege the garrison of Maastricht capitulated and marched out with the honours of war. Maastricht was returned along with France's conquests in the Austrian Netherlands according to the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle signed in 1748.

Among the defenders were the Austro-Walloon Regiment of Los Rios, commanded by its Colonel Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquis of Deynze; Charles, 5th Duke of Arenberg (Jean Charles' brother-in-law)

Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquis of Deynze
Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquess of Deynze was a noble of the Austrian Netherlands, born in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. He was Lieutenant-Feldmarschall of the Holy Roman Empire, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Mike Munn
Mike Munn CCE (born April 26, 1959) is a Canadian film and television editor, who won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Editing in a Documentary at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards for his work on the film To Kill a Tiger. He was also a dual nominee in the same year for Batata.

He previously received three Gemini Award nominations for his work in television, with nods at the 12th Gemini Awards in 1998 for Time on Earth, the 18th Gemini Awards in 2003 for Dave Bidini: The Hockey Nomad, and the 19th Gemini Awards in 2004 for Youkali Hotel. He was the editor of Sarah Polley's documentary film Stories We Tell, for which he, Polley and David Forsyth won the Directors Guild of Canada's DGC Team Award in 2013.

18th Gemini Awards
The Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's 18th Gemini Awards were held on October 20, 2003, to honour achievements in Canadian television. The awards show, which was hosted by Seán Cullen, took place at the John Bassett Theatre and was broadcast on CBC Television.
Kletnia-Kolonia
Kletnia-Kolonia [ˈklɛtɲa kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gomunice, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Radomsko and 71 km (44 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Gomunice
Gmina Gomunice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Gomunice, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Radomsko and 69 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 62.57 square kilometres (24.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,966.
The Man Who Had Power Over Women
The Man Who Had Power Over Women is a 1970 British comedy film directed by John Krish and starring Rod Taylor, Carol White and James Booth. It was written by Chris Bryant and Allan Scott. A successful talent agent grows disenchanted with his life and begins an affair with his best friend's wife.

James Booth
James Booth (born David Noel Geeves; 19 December 1927 – 11 August 2005) was an English film, stage and television actor and screenwriter. He is best known for his role as Private Henry Hook in Zulu.

Variety called him "a punchy blend of toughness, potential evil and irresistible charm."
Ammonas of Egypt
Ammonas of Egypt (also Amtnonas, Ammon, Ammonius, Greek: Αμμωνάς) was an eastern Christian anchorite, monastic, and Desert Father who was born around the early 4th century. He is a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Ammonas was a disciple of Anthony the Great and Pambo. Many of his known sayings and quotations exist in eleven sections of the Sayings of the Desert Fathers.

Ammonas is commemorated as "Ammon" on 10 January in The Prologue of Ohrid, a synaxarium written by Saint Nikolaj Velimirović. It mentions his 14-year struggle in Scetis against anger.

January 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 9 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 11

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 23 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For January 10th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 28.
Devil's Dyke, Sussex
Devil's Dyke is a 100-metre (330 ft) deep V-shaped dry valley on the South Downs in Sussex in southern England, 5 miles (8.0 km) north-west of Brighton. It is managed by the National Trust, and is also part of the Beeding Hill to Newtimber Hill Site of Special Scientific Interest. Devil's Dyke was a major local tourist attraction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is now a popular viewpoint and site for walking, model aircraft flying and hang gliding.  The South Downs Way passes the site.

Hove
Hove (/hoʊv/ HOHV) is a seaside town in East Sussex, England. Alongside Brighton, it is one of the two main parts of the city of Brighton and Hove.

Originally a fishing village surrounded by open farmland, it grew rapidly in the 19th century in response to the development of its eastern neighbour Brighton; by the Victorian era it was a fully developed town with borough status. Neighbouring parishes such as Aldrington and Hangleton were annexed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighbouring urban district of Portslade was merged with Hove in 1974. In 1997, as part of local government reform, the borough merged with Brighton to form the Borough of Brighton and Hove; this unitary authority was granted city status in 2000.
Weston Colored School
Weston Colored School, also known as the Central West Virginia Genealogical & Historical Library and Museum and Frontier School, is a historic one-room school building located at Weston, Lewis County, West Virginia. It was built in 1882, and is a single-story rubbed red brick building on a fieldstone foundation. It originally measured 22 by 28 feet (6.7 by 8.5 m), then enlarged in 1928 by 12.5 feet (3.8 m) to the east. It was used as an educational facility for the community's African-American youth until desegregation in 1954. It was subsequently used for storage, then an agricultural classroom for the Lewis County High School, and as a shop for mentally disabled students. It afterwards was used by the Central West Virginia Genealogical & Historical Library and Museum.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is located in the Weston Downtown Residential Historic District, listed in 2005.

Weston, West Virginia
Weston is a city in and the county seat of Lewis County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 3,943 at the 2020 census. It is home to the Museum of American Glass in West Virginia and the Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum.
Kremer Racing
Kremer Racing is a motorsports team based in Cologne, Germany, founded by racing driver Erwin Kremer and his brother Manfred.  They have competed internationally with Porsches for nearly all of their existence, and were even one of the factory-backed squads for many years. Besides running Porsches, the team was also known for their tuned Porsche race cars that they both raced and sold to other teams who could not gain the best equipment from the factory.

Porsche 936
The Porsche 936 is a Group 6 sports prototype racing car introduced in 1975 by Porsche as a delayed successor to the 917, a five-litre Group 5 Sports Car, and the 908, a three-litre Group 6 Prototype-Sports Car, both of which were retired by the factory after 1971. Its name came from using a variant of the Porsche 930's turbocharged engine, as well as competing in Group 6 racing.
1993–94 National Division 4
The 1993–94 National Division 4 was the seventh full season of rugby union within the fourth tier of the English league system, currently the regional divisions National League 2 South and National League 2 North, and the first using the name National Division 4.  The league had been created at the start of the season by the RFU as part of their league restructuring, making tier 4 a single national league (previously it had been divided into north and south) and developing a new tier 5 (Courage League Division 5), which used the old regional north/south divisions.

By the season's end, Clifton were crowned as champions, finishing 4 points clear of second-placed Harrogate.  Both sides would be promoted to the 1994–95 National Division 3.  At the opposite end of the table, Sudbury and Sheffield would be relegated. Sudbury would drop to Courage League Division 5 South while Sheffield would fall to Courage League Division 5 North.

Clifton Rugby
Clifton Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union club founded in Clifton, Bristol. Over the years the club's home games have been played in a variety of locations in northern Bristol, though never in Clifton itself; since 1976 they have been based at the southern end of Cribbs Causeway. Clifton RFC currently play in National League 1 in the third tier of the English rugby union system following their promotion from the 2024–25 National League 2 West.
Osyka, Mississippi
Osyka is a town in Pike County, Mississippi, United States. It is located on the Mississippi–Louisiana state line. As of the 2020 census, Osyka had a population of 381. It is part of the McComb, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. The peak of its population was in 1910.

Pike County, Mississippi
Pike County is a county located on the southwestern border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,324. The county seat is Magnolia. Pike County is named for explorer Zebulon Pike. Pike County is part of the McComb, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Montalvo, Ventura, California
Montalvo is a neighborhood in Ventura, California, United States. Founded about 1887 as an unincorporated community in Ventura County,  it was annexed into the city in 2012. Montalvo is located in the southern portion of the city on the northern bank of the Santa Clara River at the edge of the Oxnard Plain. It is bounded by Victoria Avenue to the west, Ralston Street to the north, Johnson Drive to the east, and the Ventura Freeway to the south.

Ventura County, California
Ventura County (/vɛnˈtʊərə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 843,843. The largest city is Oxnard, California, and the county seat is the city of Ventura, California.

Ventura County comprises the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Greater Los Angeles area (Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area). It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.

Two of the Channel Islands are part of the county: Anacapa Island, which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park, and San Nicolas Island.
Dicobalt octacarbonyl
Dicobalt octacarbonyl is an organocobalt compound with composition Co2(CO)8. This metal carbonyl is used as a reagent and catalyst in organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis, and is central to much known organocobalt chemistry. It is the parent member of a family of hydroformylation catalysts. Each molecule consists of two cobalt atoms bound to eight carbon monoxide ligands, although multiple structural isomers are known. Some of the carbonyl ligands are labile.

Metal carbonyl
Metal carbonyls are coordination complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands. Metal carbonyls are useful in organic synthesis and as catalysts or catalyst precursors in homogeneous catalysis, such as hydroformylation and Reppe chemistry. In the Mond process, nickel tetracarbonyl is used to produce pure nickel. In organometallic chemistry, metal carbonyls serve as precursors for the preparation of other organometallic complexes.

Metal carbonyls are toxic by skin contact, inhalation or ingestion, in part because of their ability to carbonylate hemoglobin to give carboxyhemoglobin, which prevents the binding of oxygen.
Colne railway station
Colne railway station serves the town of Colne, in Lancashire, England, which is situated close to Pendle Hill. The station, which is managed by Northern Trains, is the eastern terminus of the East Lancashire Line. Trains from Blackpool South run through Preston and Blackburn to Burnley and Colne.

Currently the station only has a single platform and a shelter. The old station was demolished in 1971, after the closure of the line from Colne to Skipton, which had occurred in the previous year.

East Lancashire line
The East Lancashire line is a railway line in the Lancashire region of England, which runs between Preston and Colne, through Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley (Barracks and Central) and Nelson. The line formerly ran onto Skipton but this closed in 1970.

It is operated by Northern. Services on this line stop at every station on the line, although Pleasington, Hapton and Burnley Barracks are now request stops only. It was designated by the Department for Transport as a community rail line in November 2006.
Camille 2000
Camille 2000 is a 1969 Italian erotic drama film directed by Radley Metzger from a screenplay by Michael DeForrest, based on the 1848 novel and 1852 play La Dame aux Camélias by Alexandre Dumas, fils. It stars Danièle Gaubert and Nino Castelnuovo with Eleonora Rossi Drago and Massimo Serato.

The story follows Marguerite, a beautiful woman of affairs (a double entendre on man of affairs) who falls for the young and promising Armand, but sacrifices her love for him for the sake of his future and reputation.

The Lady of the Camellias
The Lady of the Camellias (French: La Dame aux Camélias) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas fils. First published in 1848 and subsequently adapted by Dumas for the stage, the play premiered at the Théâtre du Vaudeville in Paris, France, on February 2, 1852. It was an instant success. Shortly thereafter, Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi set about putting the story to music in the 1853 opera La traviata, with female protagonist Marguerite Gautier renamed  Violetta Valéry.

In some of the English-speaking world, The Lady of the Camellias became known as Camille, and sixteen versions have been performed at Broadway theatres alone. The title character is Marguerite Gautier, who is based on Marie Duplessis, the real-life lover of the author.
Nesquehonite
Nesquehonite is a mineral of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). It represents the trihydrate of magnesium carbonate, and has the total formula MgCO3·3H2O
.
It was described in 1890 by F. A. Genth and S. L. Penfield and is named after its type locality of Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania, where it was sampled from a coal mine. Nesquehonite can form from the related pentahydrate Lansfordite by dehydration at room temperature.

Samuel Lewis Penfield
Samuel Lewis Penfield (January 16, 1856 – August 12, 1906) was an American analytic chemist, mineralogist, and crystallographer who first obtained the chemical structures of more than two dozen naturally
occurring minerals.
Beauty and the Rogue
Beauty and the Rogue is a 1918 American silent comedy crime drama film directed by Henry King and starring Mary Miles Minter. It was filmed under the working title of "Mademoiselle Tiptoe," based on a story by Arthur Berthelet and adapted for the screen by Elizabeth Mahoney, who was the screenwriter for many of Minter's Mutual Film features. As with many of Minter's features, it is thought to be a lost film.

Arthur Berthelet
Arthur Rolette Berthelet (October 12,1879 – September 16, 1949; credited as Rolette Bertheletto, Arthur Berthelet, and Arthur R. Berthelet) was an American actor, stage and film director, dialogue director, and scriptwriter. With regard to screen productions, he is best remembered for directing the 1916 crime drama Sherlock Holmes starring William Gillette, an actor who since 1899 had distinguished himself on the Broadway stage and at other prominent theatrical venues with his numerous, "definitive" portrayals of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's great fictional detective. In 1918, Berthelet also directed the controversial author and feminist Mary MacLane in Men Who Have Made Love to Me, a production notable for being among the first cinematic dramas to break the "fourth wall" and among the earliest American film projects to bring together on screen a woman's work as a published author, "scenarist", actor, and narrator through the use of intertitles.
Solanum sisymbriifolium
Solanum sisymbriifolium is commonly known as vila-vila, sticky nightshade, red buffalo-bur, the fire-and-ice plant, litchi tomato, or Morelle de Balbis.

The small edible fruits are red on the outside and yellow inside. It grows inside a spiny, green husk. The fruit is ripe when it is easily removed from the stem. The flavor resembles sour cherries and a little bit like a tomato.

This plant has been used as a trap crop to protect potatoes from potato cyst nematode. The stems and leaves contain solasodine which makes the plant very resistant to many pests and diseases, with the exception of potato beetles and tomato hornworms.  It can also be used as a hedge plant to keep animals out of a garden, because it is covered with prickles (erroneously called thorns).

Potato cyst nematode
Potato root nematodes or potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are 1-mm long roundworms belonging to the genus Globodera, which comprises around 12 species. They live on the roots of plants of the family Solanaceae, such as potatoes and tomatoes. PCN cause growth retardation and, at very high population densities, damage to the roots and early senescence of plants. The nematode is not indigenous to Europe but originates from the Andes. Fields are free from PCN until an introduction occurs, after which the typical patches, or hotspots, occur on the farmland. These patches can become full field infestations when unchecked. Yield reductions can average up to 60% at high population densities.
Token Ring
Token Ring is a physical and data link layer computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that is passed around a logical ring of workstations or servers. This token passing is a channel access method providing fair access for all stations, and eliminating the collisions of contention-based access methods.

Following its introduction, Token Ring technology became widely adopted, particularly in corporate environments, but was gradually eclipsed by newer iterations of Ethernet. The last formalized Token Ring standard that was completed was Gigabit Token Ring (IEEE 802.5z), published on May 4, 2001.

Logical link control
In the IEEE 802 reference model of computer networking, the logical link control (LLC) data communication protocol layer is the upper sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model. The LLC sublayer acts as an interface between the medium access control (MAC) sublayer and the network layer.

The LLC sublayer provides multiplexing mechanisms that make it possible for several network protocols (e.g. IP, IPX and DECnet) to coexist within a multipoint network and to be transported over the same network medium. It can also provide flow control and automatic repeat request (ARQ) error management mechanisms.
Dianthus gratianopolitanus
Dianthus gratianopolitanus, commonly known as the Cheddar pink or clove pink, is a species of plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial, hardy to zones 4–8. It grows to a height of 0.5 to 1 feet, blooming from May to June. Flowers are fragrant and rose pink. Grows best in full sun and has medium water requirements. Overwatering or poor drainage leads to crown rot, and plants do not tolerate wet winter soil conditions.

The specific epithet gratianopolitanus refers to the ancient Roman name Gratianopolis of the modern French city of Grenoble. The common name Cheddar pink refers to the fact that it's native to the Cheddar Gorge in England.

It is native to western and central Europe, from the UK to Ukraine. It became a protected species in the UK in 1975 under the Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act.

Cheddar Gorge
Cheddar Gorge is a limestone gorge in the Mendip Hills, near the village of Cheddar, Somerset, England. The gorge is the site of the Cheddar show caves, where Great Britain's oldest complete human skeleton, Cheddar Man, estimated to be 9,000 years old, was found in 1903. Older remains from the Upper Late Palaeolithic era (12,000–13,000 years ago) have been found. The caves, produced by the activity of an underground river, contain stalactites and stalagmites. The gorge is part of a Site of Special Scientific Interest called Cheddar Complex.

Cheddar Gorge, including the caves and other attractions, has become a tourist destination. In a 2005 poll of Radio Times readers, following its appearance on the television programme Seven Natural Wonders (2005), Cheddar Gorge was named as the second greatest natural wonder in Great Britain, surpassed only by Dan yr Ogof caves.
The gorge attracts about 500,000 visitors per year.