hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amateur theatre
Amateur theatre, also known as amateur dramatics, is theatre performed by amateur actors and singers. Amateur theatre groups may stage plays, revues, musicals, light opera, pantomime or variety shows, and do so for the social activity as well as for aesthetic values. Productions may take place in venues ranging from the open air, community centres, or schools to independent or major professional theatres.

Amateur theatre is distinct from the professional or community theatre because performers are usually not paid. Amateur actors are not typically members of actors' unions.

National Operatic and Dramatic Association
NODA has a membership of over 2,500 amateur theatre groups and 1000 individual enthusiasts throughout the UK, staging musicals, operas, plays, concerts and pantomimes in a wide variety of performing venues, ranging from the country's leading professional theatres to tiny village halls.
Words of Warning to a Prosperous Age
Words of Warning to a Prosperous Age or Words of Warning in Times of Prosperity (Chinese: 盛世危言), also translated as Blunt Words in a Time of Prosperity, is a book written by Zheng Guanying that advocates self-strengthening and seeking wealth, and reforms. The Chinese phrase "危言" (Weiyan; pinyin: Wēiyán) refers to upright speech, not dangerous speech.

Words of Warning to a Prosperous Age was completed in 1892 and first published in 1893. In the book, Zheng suggested the establishment of a constitution and a parliament and the adoption of a constitutional monarchy, pointing out that the root cause of the country's weakness and the people' poverty was authoritarian politics. He argues that "armed warfare" is not as good as "commercial warfare".

Zheng Guanying
Zheng Guanying or Cheng Kuan-ying (1842–1922 or '23) was a Chinese reformist active in the late Qing dynasty. He was a proponent of fighting economic dominance by Western countries of China through economic nationalism, of parliamentary representative democracy, and of women's rights.
Albertów, Silesian Voivodeship
Albertów [alˈbɛrtuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipie, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II, on September 3, 1939, the Germans carried out a massacre of 159 Poles in the village. The victims were inhabitants of Albertów and its surroundings (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).

Gmina Lipie
Gmina Lipie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Lipie, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Kłobuck and 86 km (53 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 99.07 square kilometres (38.3 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,254.
Mandello del Lario
Mandello del Lario (Lecchese: Mandèll) is an Italian town and comune in the province of Lecco, in Lombardy, on Lake Como. Mandello del Lario, located on the eastern shore of Lake Como, is emerging as a residential and tourism destination in the Lake Como region. According to some historical and artistic hypotheses, the promontory of Mandello may be recognizable in the background of the landscape depicted in Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.

Since 1921, Mandello del Lario has been home to Moto Guzzi—the Italian motorcycle manufacturer, now a subsidiary of  Piaggio & Co. SpA.  The town each year since 2001 has hosted GMG (a.k.a. Giornata Mondiale Guzzi or Worldwide Guzzi Days).

The Grigna massif is located in Mandello's communal territory.

Province of Lecco
The province of Lecco (Italian: provincia di Lecco; Lecchese: pruincia de Lecch) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lecco.

As of 2017, the province had a population of 337,211 on a surface of 805.61 square kilometers (311.05 sq mi) divided into 85 comuni (municipalities; sg.: comune).
King County Courthouse
The King County Courthouse is the administrative building housing the judicial branch of King County, Washington's government. It is located in downtown Seattle, just north of Pioneer Square. The 1916 structure houses the King County Prosecuting Attorney, the King County Sheriff's Office (KCSO), the King County Council, the King County Law Library, King County Work and Education Release, and courtrooms for the King County Superior Court and the Seattle District Court. It is located just north of City Hall Park at 516 Third Avenue, between Dilling Way and James Street.

An enclosed skybridge connects the courthouse to the King County Jail; it is used to transfer prisoners between the courthouse and the jail. A pedestrian tunnel connects the courthouse to the King County Administration Building.

King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 12th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the state's most populous city.

Originally named after US representative, senator, and then vice president-elect William R. King in 1852, the county government amended its designation in 1986 to honor Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent activist and leader during the civil rights movement. The change was approved by the state government in 2005.

It is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle metropolitan area along with Snohomish County to the north and Pierce County to the south. About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs, which largely developed in the late 20th century and early 21st century as bedroom communities before becoming job centers for the technology industry.
Troubadour (West Hollywood, California)
The Troubadour is a nightclub located in West Hollywood, California, United States, at 9081 Santa Monica Boulevard just east of Doheny Drive and the border of Beverly Hills.  Inspired by a visit to the newly opened Troubadour café in London, it was opened in 1957 by Doug Weston as a coffee house on La Cienega Boulevard, then moved to its current location shortly after opening and has remained open continuously since. It was a major center for folk music in the 1960s, and subsequently for singer-songwriters and rock. In 2011, a documentary about the club, Troubadours: Carole King / James Taylor & The Rise of the Singer-Songwriter, was released.

West Hollywood, California
West Hollywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip, and located between the cities of Los Angeles and Beverly Hills. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 35,757.
Dennis Terry
Dennis Dan "Denny" Teresi (born August 14, 1954), now known as Dennis Terry, is an American radio disc jockey and former phone phreak most famous for being the person who introduced John Draper to the field of phreaking. Both Draper and Teresi were operating pirate radio stations in the San Jose, California area. Their initial contact came when Teresi responded by telephone to one of Draper's pirate broadcasts.

In the documentary The Secret History of Hacking, Teresi is identified as an expert in social engineering. Teresi's mastery of the phone company's jargon allowed him to speak with phone company employees and trick them into revealing more information.

Teresi, who is blind, has hosted an oldies radio show on KSJS since 1976 under the name "Dennis Terry", and for several years he also operated an oldies record store in San Jose.

He was elected into the Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame as a member of its Class of 2021.

KSJS
KSJS (90.5 MHz) is a college radio station that broadcasts 24 hours a day from the campus of San Jose State University in San Jose, California, United States. The brainchild of Professor Clarence Flick, it went on the air on February 11, 1963, with only 85 watts of power. The studio is located in Hugh Gillis Hall, easily accessible to RTVF majors. Originally, its transmitting antenna was installed atop the Walquist Library Building on campus, but broadcasting range was adversely affected due to the nearby Bank of America Building's superior height. Today, however, its transmitter atop Coyote Peak broadcasts 1,500 watts, allowing the station to be heard by the entire Santa Clara Valley and much of the San Francisco Peninsula.  Currently, the station features five musical formats: urban, electronic, alternative rock, rock en Español, and jazz. In addition, KSJS has student-produced broadcasts of San Jose State Spartans sports teams, including football, basketball, and baseball.
Karatsu Line
The Karatsu Line (唐津線, Karatsu-sen) is a regional railway line in Saga Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). It connects Kubota in Saga City to Nishi-Karatsu in Karatsu City, both in Saga Prefecture, Japan. The line was originally constructed to carry coal from the Karatsu coal fields to the Port of Karatsu for export and had many branch lines to coal mines which have since closed.

Saga (city)
Saga (佐賀市, Saga-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.ɡa, -ŋa, sa.ɡaꜜ.ɕi, -ŋaꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Saga Prefecture, located on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of 30 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 227,138 in 104,354 households, and a  population density of 530 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 431.81 km2 (166.72 sq mi).
Lynn Valley
Lynn Valley is a neighbourhood in the District of North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Located at the northern edge of Metro Vancouver, it sits between Mount Fromme and Mount Seymour. The area's natural parks include Lynn Headwaters Regional Park, the Lower Seymour Conservation Reserve (formerly known as the "Seymour Demonstration Forest") and Lynn Canyon Park, whose main attraction is the Lynn Canyon Suspension Bridge. Lynn Valley is named after British Royal Engineer John Linn, who settled in the area after 1869. The main intersection of Lynn Valley Road and Mountain Highway is the location of the Main Library and Town Centre. The area is now known as Lynn Valley Village.

Mount Fromme
Mount Fromme is one of the North Shore Mountains that overlook Burrard Inlet north of Vancouver, British Columbia. It stands just east of Grouse Mountain, and the District of North Vancouver and the City of North Vancouver lie on its lower slopes, where it descends to the inlet. Mount Fromme, like the other mountains of the Pacific Ranges, is covered with temperate rainforest of the Coastal Western Hemlock Zone. In the case of Mount Fromme, this is largely secondary growth forest, since the mountain was extensively logged in the early 20th century. Outside of the Vancouver area Mount Fromme is known as a mountain biking destination.
Wienerwaldsee
The Wienerwaldsee (English:Vienna Forest Lake) is a shallow reservoir, located 20 kilometres west of Vienna, Austria.

It is located just north of Austria's main motorway, the West Autobahn, between Tullnerbach and Neu-Purkersdorf. It was created over three years, 1895–1897, by damming the Wienfluss (The Wien) and letting it fill the valley behind. The area around the lake is a nature conservation area. The area is a water protection zone where activities like swimming and ice skating are prohibited. Accordingly, the Wienerwaldsee has established itself as a habitat for a diverse range of flora and fauna. On the northern shore, near the weir, stands the statue of Wilhelm Kress. He was an early pioneer of seaplanes and during testing one of his prototypes sank without trace after hitting debris on the surface. The long distance Westbahn (Western Railway) runs along the northern shore of the lake.

Wilhelm Kress
Wilhelm Kress (29 July 1836 in Saint Petersburg – 24 February 1913 in Vienna) Born of German (Bavarian) parents in St. Petersburg in 1836. Moved to Vienna in 1873, where his self-propelled flying models attracted much attention. He became a naturalized Austrian.
Norah Lillian Penston
Norah Lillian Penston (20 August 1903 – 1 February 1974) was a British botanist and academic administrator. She was principal of Bedford College, University of London, from 1951 to 1964. Penston published on the importance of mineral elements to plant physiology.

Bedford College, London
Bedford College was founded in London in 1849 as the first higher education college for women in the United Kingdom. In 1900, it became a constituent of the University of London. Having played a leading role in the advancement of women in higher education and public life in general, it became fully coeducational (i.e. open to men) in the 1960s. In 1985, Bedford College merged with Royal Holloway College, another constituent of the University of London, to form Royal Holloway and Bedford New College. This remains the official name, but it is commonly called Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL).
The Only Way Is Essex
The Only Way Is Essex (often abbreviated as TOWIE /ˈtaʊi/) is a British reality television series based in Brentwood, Essex, England. It shows "real people in modified situations, saying unscripted lines but in a structured way." Broadcast on ITV2 from 2010, the series was moved to ITVBe in October 2014 and moved back to ITV2 in 2025. The first series consisted of 10 episodes and ran for 30 minutes, with a Christmas special following later in the year. Due to popularity, the runtime was extended to 45-minute episodes and renewed for a year's airing. On 22 May 2011, the series won the Audience Award at the 2011 BAFTA Awards.

On 13 March 2016, ITVBe aired a one-off documentary hosted by former cast member Mark Wright, discussing the history of the series. On 28 February 2017, with the announcement of the cast for the show's twentieth series, it was confirmed that instead of the usual three series per year, ITVBe would only be airing two series, but with more episodes.

Brentwood, Essex
Brentwood is a town in Essex, England. It forms part of the London commuter belt, lying 20 miles (32 km) north-east of Charing Cross in central London, and just outside the M25 London Orbital Motorway. Its suburbs include Shenfield, Warley, Brook Street and Hutton. It gives its name to the wider Borough of Brentwood which also covers surrounding rural areas. The population of the Brentwood built up area was 55,340 at the 2021 census.

It has a shopping area along the High Street, a Roman road which became one of the main roads between London and East Anglia. Beyond the town centre are residential developments surrounded by open countryside and woodland; some of this countryside lies within only a few hundred yards of the town centre. Brentwood Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood.
Théâtre d'Orsay
The théâtre d'Orsay was a theater located on the rive gauche of the Seine, in the 7th arrondissement of Paris

It was inaugurated in 1972 in the former gare d'Orsay originally conceived by the architect Victor Laloux in 1898. Jean-Louis Barrault installed a removable wooden structure, and presented there very varied shows. The greatest successes will be Sous le vent des îles Baléares by Paul Claudel, Isabella Morra by André Pieyre de Mandiargues, Ainsi parla Zarathoustra, a piece of incidental music by Pierre Boulez after the book by Nietzsche, Les Nuits de Paris by Restif de la Bretonne, and also Zadig after Voltaire or The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs based on a novella by the British novelist George Moore.

However, the station had to be vacated to become the musée d'Orsay. In 1981, the troupe moved to the Palais de Glace which then became the Théâtre du Rond-Point, where Barrault resettled a wooden structure identical to that of the théâtre d'Orsay.

Isabella di Morra
Isabella di Morra (c. 1520 – 1545/1546) was an Italian poet of the Renaissance. An unknown figure in her lifetime, she was forced by her brothers to live in isolation, which estranged her from courts and literary salons. While living in solitude in her castle, she produced a body of work which did not circulate in the literary milieu of the time. Her brothers eventually murdered her for her suspected secret romance.

Thirteen poems by her have survived to this day. This work is considered among the most powerful and original poetic expressions of Italian literature from the 16th century, employing topics and techniques which make her, according to some scholars, a forerunner of Romantic poetry.
1915 Argentine Primera División
The 1915 Argentine Primera División was the 24th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 4 and ended in January 1916. The reunification of the "Asociación Argentina de Football" and the "Federación Argentina de Football" brought the creation of a championship of 25 teams. The tournament took a league format with each team playing the others once.

Clubs that made their debuts in Primera were San Lorenzo de Almagro (Segunda División (AFA) champion) and Defensores de Belgrano (División Intermedia (FAF) champion). The coming of San Lorenzo caused all the "big five" to meet in an official tournament for the first time. Racing achieved its 3° consecutive championship.

For the first time in Primera División history, four teams were relegated: Kimberley, Defensores de Belgrano, Comercio and Floresta.

Kimberley Atlético Club
Kimberley Atlético Club is an Argentine sports club based in the Villa Devoto district of Buenos Aires. Nowadays Kimberley is mostly known for its futsal team, which currently competes in Primera División, the main futsal championship organised by the Argentine Football Association (AFA).

Kimberley was affiliated to the Federación Argentina de Football (then merged with official AFA), having played in the top division, Primera División, during the 1910s although the club disaffiliated in 1916. In 2006 Kimberley rejoined AFA to compete in the futsal tournaments organised by the Association.
John Sinnich
John Sinnich OFM, (1603-1666) was an Irish-born priest who was professor of theology at the University of Louvain.

He wrote the index to the Augustinus, Cornelius Jansen's posthumously published work, and following the controversy, he tried to argue that Jansenism conformed with the Church's teachings and cleared from censure. As a result, he was accused of being a Jansenist.

Born in 1603 to Maurice Sinnich and Eleanor Hogan, in County Cork, Ireland, and he was educated at the University of Louvain. He matriculated in 1624, gained a Masters in 1625, and his doctorate in 1637. Ordained a priest he also served as canon of the cathedral of Bruges.
He was appointed professor in Louvain in 1637, Dr. Sinnich also held the position of Rector of the college. He served as president of the College of the Holy Spirit in 1641. He was in Rome from 1643 to 1645 as a delegate for the college.

He died in Louvain on 6 May 1666.

Old University of Leuven
The Old University of Leuven is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425. The university was closed in 1797, a week after the cession to the French Republic of the Austrian Netherlands and the principality of Liège (jointly the future Belgium, by and large) by the Treaty of Campo Formio.

The name was in medieval Latin Studium generale Lovaniense or Universitas Studii Lovaniensis, in humanistical Latin Academia Lovaniensis, and most usually, Universitas Lovaniensis, in Dutch Universiteyt Loven and also Hooge School van Loven.

It is commonly referred to as the University of Leuven or University of Louvain, sometimes with the qualification "old" to distinguish it from the Catholic University of Leuven (established 1835 in Leuven). This might also refer to a short-lived but historically important State University of Leuven, 1817–1835.
Tālivaldis
Tālivaldis or Tālibalds (Latin: Thalibaldus de Tolowa; died 1215) was a Latgalian elder, the ruler of Tālava, whose support for Albert of Riga and the German crusaders brought about his death at the hands of the native Baltic peoples.

Tālava
Tālava (Latgalian: Tuolova; Latin: Tholowa) was a Latgalian country in the northern Vidzeme and northern Latgale region of modern-day Latvia. It was bordered by the Latgalian Principality of Jersika to the south, the Livonian counties of Metsepole and Idumeja to the west, the Estonian counties of Sakala and Ugandi to the north and the Russian Novgorod Republic to the east.

Tālava was first mentioned in the Livonian Chronicle of Henry in 1207 as the Christian County of Tholowa. Russian chronicles refer to the county of Atzele (Russian: Очела, romanized: Ochela), first mentioned in 1111, which was probably the eastern part of Tālava. The county existed from the 10th century until 1224 when it was divided between Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword.
Sir William Magnay, 1st Baronet
Sir William Magnay, 1st Baronet (4 March 1795- 3 April 1871) was an English merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1843.

Magnay was the son of Christopher Magnay who was Lord Mayor of London from 1821 to 1822. He became a city of London merchant and was a member of the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers of which company he was master from 1847 to 1848. In 1838 he was elected an alderman of the City of London for Vintry ward. He was Sheriff of London from 1841 to 1842.  In 1843, he was elected Lord Mayor of London. He was treasurer of the Honourable Artillery Company from  1843 to 1857.

Magnay was created Baronet of Postford House in the County of Surrey on 8 November 1844. He was a major in the HAC from 1845 to 1848.

Magnay died at the age of  76.

Magnay was the father of William who was a novelist.

Magnay baronets
The Magnay Baronetcy, of Postford House in the County of Surrey, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 8 November 1844 for William Magnay, a wholesale stationer and Lord Mayor of London from 1843 to 1844. The second Baronet was a novelist. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet on 4 September 1960.

Christopher Magnay, father of the first Baronet, was Lord Mayor of London from 1821 to 1822.
Samuel DeVeaux
Samuel DeVeaux (1789–1852) was a public official in Western New York.

Born in New York City in 1789 of Huguenot descent, DeVeaux began his career at the land office in Canandaigua, New York in 1803 and moved to the Niagara area to work as commissary at Fort Niagara in 1807.

Deveaux became a co-owner of a store in Lockport, New York after the War of 1812 and was postmaster of LeRoy, New York from 1813 to 1815. Returning to Niagara County in 1815, DeVeaux acquired various tracts of land (including land later used for the Cataract House), became school commissioner in 1819, Justice of the Peace in 1821. In 1847 DeVeaux became a member of the Lockport and Niagara Railway and member of the board of the International Suspension Bridge in 1848. DeVeaux died in 1852, he was predeceased by his wife Maria in 1815. DeVeaux is buried at Saint David's United Methodist Cemetery in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario.

Cataract House
The Cataract House was a hotel in the neighborhood of Buffalo Avenue in Niagara Falls, New York. The hotel was established in 1825 but destroyed by fire in 1945. It was a major stop on the Underground Railroad and it was the largest hotel in Niagara Falls. The hotel's name refers to the large and powerful waterfall next to property.
Želešice
Želešice is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,000 inhabitants.

Želešice lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Brno and 190 km (120 mi) south-east of Prague.

Brno-Country District
Brno-Country District (Czech: okres Brno-venkov) is a district in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the city of Brno. The most populated town of the district is Kuřim. The district is made up of 187 municipalities, which is the highest number within all districts of the Czech Republic.