hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, popularly known as the Lit. & Phil., is one of the oldest learned societies in the United Kingdom and second oldest provincial learned society (after the Spalding Gentlemen's Society).

Prominent members have included Robert Owen, John Dalton, James Prescott Joule, Sir William Fairbairn, Tom Kilburn, Peter Mark Roget, Sir Ernest Rutherford, Alan Turing, Sir Joseph Whitworth and Dorothy Hodgkin.

Joseph Whitworth
Sir Joseph Whitworth, 1st Baronet (21 December 1803 – 22 January 1887) was an English engineer, entrepreneur, inventor and philanthropist. In 1841, he devised the British Standard Whitworth system, which created an accepted standard for screw threads. Whitworth also created the Whitworth rifle, often called the "sharpshooter" because of its accuracy, which is considered one of the earliest examples of a sniper rifle, used by some Confederate forces during the American Civil war.

Whitworth was created a baronet by Queen Victoria in 1869. Upon his death in 1887, Whitworth bequeathed much of his fortune for the people of Manchester, with the Whitworth Art Gallery and Christie Hospital partly funded by Whitworth's money. Whitworth Street and Whitworth Hall in Manchester are named in his honour.

Whitworth's company merged with the W.G. Armstrong & Mitchell Company to become Armstrong Whitworth in 1897.
Timbuktu!
Timbuktu! is a musical, with lyrics by George Forrest and Robert Wright, set to music by Borodin, Forrest and Wright. The book is by Luther Davis. It is a resetting of Forrest and Wright's musical Kismet (which also had a book co-written by Davis) and the majority of the play's songs are reused from Kismet.  The musical is set in 1361 in Timbuktu, in the Empire of Mali, West Africa.

For the 1978 Tony Awards, the play was considered a revival rather than a new work, and was nominated for a Tony in the Best Revival category.

George Forrest (author)
George Forrest (born George Forrest Chichester Jr., July 31, 1915 – October 10, 1999) was an American writer of music and lyrics for musical theatre best known for the show Kismet, adapted from the works of Alexander Borodin. He was also known professionally at times as Chet Forrest.
Robert Persons
Robert Persons SJ (24 June 1546 – 15 April 1610), later known as Robert Parsons, was an English Jesuit priest. He was a major figure in establishing the 16th-century "English Mission" of the Society of Jesus.

Claudio Acquaviva
Claudio Acquaviva, SJ (14 September 1543 – 31 January 1615) was an Italian Jesuit priest. Elected in 1581 as the fifth Superior General of the Society of Jesus, he has been referred to as the second founder of the Jesuit order.
Argentine Love
Argentine Love is a 1924 American silent romantic drama film directed by Allan Dwan and based on a short story by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez that stars Bebe Daniels.

In the film, the legal guardians of an Argentine woman arrange her marriage to a man of their choice, but are unaware that she already has a boyfriend. Her betrothed is determined to kill any rival suitors, and murders a senator's son for merely flirting with his fiancee.

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (Spanish pronunciation: [biˈθente ˈβlaskojˈβaɲeθ], 29 January 1867 – 28 January 1928) was a journalist, politician, and a bestselling Spanish novelist in various genres whose most widespread and lasting fame in the English-speaking world is from Hollywood films that were adapted from his works.
Line 9 (Changchun Rail Transit)
Line 9 of the Changchun Rail Transit (Chinese: 长春轨道交通九号线; pinyin: Chángchūn guǐdào jiāotōng jiǔ hào xiàn) is a rapid transit line running from Wukaihe Dajie to Jiutai South Railway Station including a station at Changchun Longjia Airport. It is under construction and planned to open in 2027.

Changchun Rail Transit
Changchun Rail Transit is the rapid transit and light rail system in the city of Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Its first line, Line 3, is the first true light rail line in Mainland China. The system consists of three light rail lines and three rapid transit lines.

The current total length of the network is 140.77 kilometers (87.470 mi) with 123 stations. 3 sections of 3 lines are under construction.
Crescent Moon Society
The Crescent Moon Society (Chinese: 新月社; pinyin: Xīn Yuè Shè) was a Chinese literary society founded by the poet Xu Zhimo in 1923, which operated until 1931. It was named after The Crescent Moon, a poem by Rabindranath Tagore. The society began as a loosely-organized dining association. In addition to Xu Zhimo, its other members included leading author and educator Hu Shih, poets Wen Yiduo and Chen Mengjia, writers Liang Shih-chiu and Shen Congwen, Rao Mengkan, and sociologist Pan Guangdan.

The Crescent Moon Society—along with other aspects of China's literary establishment at that time—was part of the larger New Culture Movement.

It engaged in running debates with the "art for politics' sake" (and Chinese Communist Party-driven) League of the Left-Wing Writers.

The Society dissolved shortly after the death of Xu Zhimo in November 1931.

Liang Shih-chiu
Liang Shih-chiu (January 6, 1903 – November 3, 1987), also romanized as Liang Shiqiu, and also known as Liang Chih-hwa (梁治華), was a renowned Chinese educator, writer, translator, literary theorist and lexicographer.
2019–20 Texas Southern Tigers basketball team
The 2019–20 Texas Southern Tigers basketball team represented Texas Southern University during the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by second-year head coach Johnny Jones, played their home games at the Health and Physical Education Arena in Houston, Texas as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 16–16, 12–6 in SWAC play to finish in third place. They defeated Grambling State in the quarterfinals of the SWAC tournament. They were set to face Southern in the semifinals until the remainder of the tournament was cancelled amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

2019–20 Grambling State Tigers men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Grambling State Tigers men's basketball team represented Grambling State University in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by third-year head coach Donte Jackson, played their home games at the Fredrick C. Hobdy Assembly Center in Grambling, Louisiana as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). They finished the season 17–15, 11–7 in SWAC play, to finish in a three-way tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the SWAC tournament to Texas Southern.
Landwasser Viaduct
The Landwasser Viaduct (German: Landwasserviadukt) is a single-track six-arched curved limestone railway viaduct. It spans the Landwasser between Schmitten and Filisur, in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.

Designed by Alexander Acatos, the Landwasser Viaduct was constructed between 1901 and 1902 by Müller & Zeerleder on behalf of the Rhaetian Railway, which both owns and operates it through to the present day. A signature structure of the World Heritage-listed Albula Railway, it is 65 metres (213 ft) high, 136 metres (446 ft) long; its southeastern abutment connects directly to the Landwasser Tunnel. During 2009, the Landwasser Viaduct underwent renovation work for the first time since its original construction.

Landwasser
The Landwasser is a 30.5-kilometre (19.0 mi) river in canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Its origin was Lake Davos before this was turned into a reservoir for a power station. Nowadays it is prolonged by the creek Flüelabach at its source and changes its name near Davos Dorf. The town of Davos is the largest, uppermost, and, except for the last bit, the only larger settlement on the river. Landwasser empties into the Albula below the village of Filisur.
Lędowo-Osiedle
Lędowo-Osiedle [lɛnˈdɔvɔ ɔˈɕɛdlɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustka, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Ustka
Gmina Ustka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ustka, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 218.1 square kilometres (84.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,335.
The Journal of Urology
The Journal of Urology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering urology published by Wolters Kluwer on behalf of the American Urological Association. It was established in 1917. A special centenary issue was released in 2017 to celebrate 100 years of the publication of the journal.

Over the years, it absorbed the Transactions of the American Urological Association (1907–1920), as well as Investigative Urology (1963–1981) and Urological Survey (1951–1981). Urological Survey was known as Quarterly Review of Urology from 1946 to 1950.

American Urological Association
The American Urological Association (AUA) is a professional association in the United States for urology professionals. It has its headquarters at the William P. Didusch Center for Urologic History in Maryland.

AUA works with many international organizations, representing urologists from across the world. These groups offer full or half day sessions, covering a variety of topics, during the annual meeting.
Finnish gunboat Turunmaa
Turunmaa was a Finnish gunboat built in 1918. She served in the Finnish Navy during World War II. The ship was named after Turuma, a type of frigate designed for use in shallow waters of the archipelago and served in the Swedish Archipelago fleet in the late 18th century. The frigates had in turn been named after the region of Finland.

During construction while in Russian lists (1916–1917) the ship had been named both Orlan and Tshirok. Turunmaa was built in Helsinki for the Imperial Russian Navy but was taken over by Finnish troops in the Finnish Civil War. The ship was used as a training ship for Finnish sea cadets during peacetime and was nicknamed as Surunmaa (land of sorrow).

Finnish Navy
The Finnish Navy (Finnish: Merivoimat [ˈmeriˌʋoi̯mɑt], Swedish: Marinen) is the naval branch of the Finnish Defence Forces. It employs approximately 2,300 personnel, and around 4,300 conscripts are trained annually. Finnish Navy vessels use the ship prefix FNS ("Finnish Navy Ship") in English-language contexts, although this prefix is not used in Finnish or Swedish. In addition to surface vessels, the Finnish Navy includes coastal forces and coastal artillery units.
Simone Bianchi (artist)
Simone Bianchi (born July 10, 1972) is an Italian comic book illustrator, painter, graphic designer and art instructor, known to Italian audiences for his work in comics, CD covers, music videos, TV commercials and role-playing games. His most popular Italian comics is (unfinished) trilogy Ego Sum. To American comic book readers, he is best known for his work on comics such as Detective Comics, Green Lantern and Wolverine.  Bianchi's style is distinguished by his use of ink wash, or watercolor halftones.

Ego Sum
Ego Sum is a comic book trilogy written and illustrated by Italian artist Simone Bianchi. The first volume was published on 16 January 2004 in Italy, France, Canada and Luxembourg. The second volume was published in April 2005. In 2005, Bianchi was awarded the Yellow Kid Award for "Best Italian Comic Artist" and "Writer of the Year" at the Expocartoon convention in Rome, for his work on Ego Sum.
Eaton Academy
Eaton Academy is a PreK-8 charter school in Eastpointe, Michigan.

It is located in the former St. Veronica School building. As of 2011 90% of its students come from Detroit. During that time 86% of the students were at or below the U.S. federal government's poverty level, making Eaton a Title I school. It is much smaller than most area public schools.   It is included (as of February 2024) in the list of schools 'authorized; and supported by Central Michigan University.

Eastpointe, Michigan
Eastpointe (formerly East Detroit) is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Eastpointe borders Detroit to the south, roughly 11 miles (17.7 km) northeast of Downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 34,318.
Testing cosmetics on animals
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Cosmetic testing on animals is a type of animal testing used to test the safety and hypoallergenic properties of cosmetic products for use by humans.

Since this type of animal testing is often harmful to the animal subjects, it is opposed by animal rights activists and others. Cosmetic animal testing is banned in many parts of the world, including Colombia, the European Union, the United Kingdom, India, and Norway.

Cosmetics that have been produced without any testing on animals are sometimes known as "cruelty-free cosmetics". Some popular cruelty-free beauty brands include E.L.F., Charlotte Tilbury, Farsali, Fenty Beauty, Fenty Skin, Glow Recipe and others. The website "Cruelty-Free Kitty" was created to assess which brands are cruelty-free. Furthermore, some brands have participated in animal testing in the past, however, if they currently do not test on animals, these cosmetics are considered "cruelty-free".

Cruelty-free
In the animal rights movement, cruelty-free is a label for products or activities that do not harm or kill animals anywhere in the world. Products tested on animals or made from animals are not considered cruelty-free, since these tests are often painful and cause the suffering and death of millions of animals every year.
Anke Domscheit-Berg
Anke Domscheit-Berg (née Domscheit; born 17 February 1968 in Premnitz) is a German politician and activist. She was a member of the Bundestag from 2017 to 2025. In 2017, she was elected on the party list of The Left, without being a party member. She joined the party in 2021 following her nomination to the top female position on the party election list in the state of Brandenburg. Her mandate ended in 2025 because she did not run for re-election. Previously, she was a member of the Pirate Party Germany and the Greens. She is married to Daniel Domscheit-Berg.

Premnitz
Premnitz (German: [ˈpʁɛmnɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the Havelland district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Havel, 8 km south of Rathenow, 21 km northwest of Brandenburg, and is only 75 km west of central Berlin, to where it is well connected by the railway and road networks. The surrounding landscape is very rural and forested in its make up.
Princess Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein
Princess Marie Karoline Auguste Ida Luise of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1844-1932) was a German princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. Augusta was the oldest child and daughter of Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Princess Adelheid of Schaumburg-Lippe; a niece of Christian IX of Denmark and a cousin of Queen Alexandra of United Kingdom, Frederik VIII of Denmark and George I of Greece.

She married Prince William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld in 1884, becoming his fourth wife.

Princess Adelheid of Schaumburg-Lippe
Princess Adelheid of Schaumburg-Lippe (9 March 1821 – 30 July 1899) was a member of the House of Schaumburg-Lippe and a Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe by birth. Through her marriage to Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Adelheid was the sister-in-law of Christian IX of Denmark and Duchess consort of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg from 14 October 1878 to 27 November 1885.
2013 Philippine Super Liga Invitational Conference
The 2013 Philippine Super Liga Invitational Conference was the first conference of the Philippine Super Liga and its inaugural season. It was held from July 7, 2013 to July 28, 2013. The TMS-Philippine Army Lady Troopers emerged as the first PSL champion.

Philippine Army Lady Troopers
The Philippine Army Lady Troopers represents the Philippine Army in women's volleyball competitions. The team previously competed in the Shakey's V-League/Premier Volleyball League as well as the Philippine Super Liga.
Duet for Guitars No. 2
Duet for Guitars #2 was the first album recorded by M. Ward, originally released in 1999. The album has been re-issued in 2000 and on July 10, 2007. Ward states in the liner notes that "Most of these songs were written in Chicago but the others were figured out en route to or in Seattle, but they were all recorded in Portland by Adam Selzer."

M. Ward
Matthew Stephen "M." Ward (born October 4, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter, Grammy nominated producer and guitarist from Glendale, California. Ward's solo work is a mixture of folk and blues-inspired Americana analog recordings. He has released 12 studio albums since 1999, primarily through the independent label Merge Records. In addition to his solo work, he is a member of indie pop duo She & Him and folk-rock supergroup Monsters of Folk, and also participates in recording, producing, and playing with multiple other artists.
Crenshaw Boulevard
Crenshaw Boulevard is a north–south thoroughfare that runs through Crenshaw and other neighborhoods along a 23-mile (37 km) route in the west-central part of Los Angeles, California, United States.

The street extends between Wilshire Boulevard in Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles, on the north and Rolling Hills, on the south. Crenshaw marks the eastern boundaries of Torrance, and Hawthorne and the western border of Gardena.

The commercial corridor in the Hyde Park neighborhood is known as "the heart of African American commerce in Los Angeles".

Hawthorne, California
Hawthorne is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County, California. It is part of a seventeen-city subregion of the Los Angeles metropolitan area commonly known as the South Bay. As of the 2020 US census, Hawthorne had a population of 88,083.

Hawthorne is widely known as the home of The Beach Boys.
Mohammad Barakeh
Mohammad Barakeh (Arabic: محمد بركة, Hebrew: מוחמד ברכה; born 29 July 1955) is an Israeli Arab politician. A former leader of Hadash, he served as a member of the Knesset for the party between 1999 and 2015. He is currently the head of the High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Citizens of Israel.

High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Citizens of Israel
The High Follow-Up Committee for Arab citizens of Israel (Hebrew: ועדת המעקב העליונה של הציבור הערבי בישראל, Arabic: لجنة المتابعة العليا للجماهير العربية في إسرائيل, also, High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Affairs, High Follow-Up Committee for the Arab Masses in Israel, and Higher Arab Monitoring Committee) is an extra-parliamentary umbrella organization that represents Arab citizens of Israel at the national level. It is "the top representative body deliberating matters of general concern to the entire Arab community and making binding decisions." Although it enjoys de facto recognition from the State of Israel, it lacks official or de jure recognition from the state for its activities in this capacity. The National Committee of the Heads of Arab Localities (NCALC), the sole non-partisan organization representing the Arab minority in Israel, constitutes the main party in the High Follow-Up Committee (or Follow-Up Committee; its shorthand forms).
Brimstone (TV series)
Brimstone is an American television series that aired only one partial season on Fox, during the 1998–99 American television season. It features a dead police detective whose mission, as assigned by the Devil, is to return to Hell 113 souls who have escaped to Earth.

Teri Polo
Theresa Elizabeth Polo (born June 1, 1969) is an American actress. She starred as Pamela Martha Focker in the Meet the Parents franchise, Helen Santos in The West Wing, Christine Daaé in Phantom of the Opera (1990), and played the role of police officer Stef Adams Foster in the Freeform series The Fosters (2013–2018) and its spinoff Good Trouble (2019–2024).
African-American Cemetery (Montgomery, New York)
The African-American Cemetery, known historically as the Colored Cemetery, in the town of Montgomery, New York, United States, holds the graves of roughly 100 humans. It is located on NY 416 one-tenth of a mile (160 m) north of the Interstate 84 crossing, near the Wallkill River.

All the originally marked graves that have been identified have had the stones used to mark them supplemented with small pipes. Only two have any kind of discernible inscription, one of which dates its occupant's passing to 1756.

The site had grown neglected until the town and private donors undertook to fix it up in the early 1990s. It was fully restored and rededicated, with a new wooden fence and explanatory plaque, in 1995.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

New York State Route 416
New York State Route 416 (NY 416) is a state highway located entirely within the towns of Hamptonburgh and Montgomery in Orange County, New York, in the United States. It extends for 4.24 miles (6.82 km) in a north–south direction from an intersection with NY 207 in Hamptonburgh to a junction with NY 211 in Montgomery. It does not intersect any other state routes besides those at its termini, nor pass through any settlements. NY 416 is a two-lane highway for its entire length, and mainly serves to allow traffic from the northwestern corner of the county to get to Goshen, the county seat, more easily. Despite its minimal length, the route passes a number of places of interest and is a quite scenic country road. The route was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.
Murray's Revenge
Murray's Revenge is the second collaboration album from California rapper Murs (of Living Legends) and North Carolina producer 9th Wonder (formerly of Little Brother).

Like their first collaboration Murs 3:16: The 9th Edition, the album features ten songs, all produced by 9th Wonder, and is less than 40 minutes long. This effort was Murs' most commercially successful release, being his first to break into the Billboard 200 album chart. It debuted at No. 166 on the Billboard 200 and No. 70 on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.  It has sold 46,000 copies in the US as July 2008. The album features guest appearances from Joe Scudda and Big Pooh. Murray's Revenge featured music videos for "L.A." "Yesterday & Today" and "Murray's Revenge." The album is profanity free.

Little Brother (group)
Little Brother were an American hip-hop duo from Durham, North Carolina, that consists of rappers Phonte and Big Pooh. DJ and producer 9th Wonder was an original member of the group but departed in 2007. The group has produced five acclaimed studio albums and six mixtapes. Little Brother is highly regarded among hip-hop fans and critics.
Cieśle, Wieluń County
Cieśle [ˈt͡ɕɛɕlɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Pątnów, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Pątnów, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Wieluń, and 93 km (58 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Pątnów
Gmina Pątnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Pątnów, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Wieluń and 92 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 114.3 square kilometres (44.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,452.