hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hometown, Pennsylvania
Hometown is a village (a neighborhood, and now a census-designated place (CDP) once having a post office) in Rush Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States that sits astride a crossing point between important transportation corridors. The population was 1,399 at the 2000 census, and excepting for the area near the east–west PA 54 running mostly parallel to the tracks of the Reading, Blue Mountain, and Northern Railroad — once the important east-west shortline Nesquehoning & Mahanoy Railroad — and the PA 54 junction with PA 309.

Rush Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Rush Township is a township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,423 at the 2020 census. The township is served by Tamaqua Area School District and Mahanoy Area School District.
Shah Alamgir
Shah Alamgir (died 28 February 2019) was a Bangladeshi journalist. He served as the Director General of Press Institute of Bangladesh. He joined the post on 7 July 2013. Before joining PIB, he worked as a journalist.

Press Institute of Bangladesh
Press Institute of Bangladesh or PIB is an autonomous national research institute that provides training to Journalists and carries out research on mass media and journalism in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Faruk Wasif is the present Director General of the institute.
Cleveland Gladiators
The Cleveland Gladiators were an arena football team based in Cleveland, Ohio, and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The Gladiators played their home games at Quicken Loans Arena, which they shared with the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. The franchise was originally based in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and then later in Las Vegas, Nevada, before relocating to Cleveland for the 2008 AFL season. The Gladiators qualified for the playoffs eight times in their history, reaching the ArenaBowl in 2014.

The Gladiators announced that they would not play the 2018 and 2019 seasons due to renovations on Quicken Loans Arena that required it to close during the NBA offseason and were granted a two-season hiatus. Before the team could return in 2020, the league filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations.

Philadelphia Soul
The Philadelphia Soul was a professional arena football team based in Philadelphia that competed in the Arena Football League (AFL) from 2004 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2019. The Soul made five ArenaBowl appearances, winning their first appearance (2008 against the San Jose SaberCats) and losing their next two appearances (2012 and 2013 both to the Arizona Rattlers). The Soul won in their fourth appearance, against the Rattlers in 2016, winning 56–42. They also won in their fifth appearance in 2017 against the Tampa Bay Storm, winning 44–40.

The club was established in 2004 when a group, led by Jon Bon Jovi, secured the rights to an AFL franchise in Philadelphia. The AFL folded before the proposed 2009 season was to begin, but was purchased and revived in 2010. After two seasons of inactivity in 2009 and 2010, the Soul returned in 2011 headed by Ron Jaworski. Following the 2019 season, the AFL ceased operations again.
Swatara Creek
40°11′5″N 76°43′56″W﻿ / ﻿40.18472°N 76.73222°W﻿ / 40.18472; -76.73222

Swatara Creek (nicknamed the Swatty) is a 72-mile-long (116 km) tributary of the Susquehanna River in east-central Pennsylvania in the United States. It rises in the Appalachian Mountains in central Schuylkill County and passes through northwest Lebanon County before draining into the Susquehanna at Middletown in Dauphin County.

The name "Swatara" is said to derive from a Susquehannock word, Swahadowry or Schaha-dawa, which means "where we feed on eels". Ancient Native Americans built dozens of eel-weirs, V-shaped rock barriers designed to funnel eels to facilitate capture, on the Susquehanna and its tributaries.

Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill County (/ˈskuːlkɪl/, locally /-kəl/; Pennsylvania Dutch: Schulkill Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,049. The county seat is Pottsville. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

The county is part of the Pottsville micropolitan statistical area, and borders eight  counties: Berks and Lebanon counties to its south, Dauphin and Northumberland counties to its west, Columbia and Luzerne counties to its north, and Carbon and Lehigh counties to its east. The county is approximately 47 miles (76 km) west of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 97 miles (156 km) northwest of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.

The county was created on March 1, 1811, from parts of Berks and Northampton counties and named for the Schuylkill River, which originates in the county. On March 3, 1818, additional territory in its northeast was added from Columbia and Luzerne counties.
Garrettson-Baine-Bartholomew House
Garrettson-Baine-Bartholomew House is a historic home located at Michigan City, Indiana.  It was built in 1908, and is a two-story, asymmetrical, Tudor Revival style dwelling.  It features a full-length porch, stone first story, and stucco and half-timbering on the second story.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Michigan City, Indiana
Michigan City is a city in LaPorte County, Indiana, United States. It had a population of 32,075 at the 2020 census. Located along Lake Michigan in the Michiana region, the city is about 45 miles (72 km) east of Chicago and is 40 miles (64 km) west of South Bend.

Michigan City is noted for both its proximity to Indiana Dunes National Park and for bordering Lake Michigan. It receives a fair amount of tourism during the summer, especially by residents of Chicago and nearby cities in Northern Indiana. It is connected to Chicago via the South Shore Line passenger train.
Dersca
Dersca is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Dersca. It also included Lozna and Străteni villages until 2003, when they were split off to form Lozna Commune.

Botoșani County
Botoșani County (Romanian pronunciation: [botoˈʃanʲ] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia (encompassing a few villages in neighbouring Suceava County from Bukovina to the west as well), with the county seat at Botoșani.
Marhouma
Marhouma is a village in the commune of Tamtert, in El Ouata District, Béchar Province, Algeria. The village lies on the Oued Saoura 19 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Tamtert and 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Béni Abbès. It is notable for nearby rock engravings.

Béni Abbès
Béni Abbès (Arabic: بني عباس), also known as the Pearl of the Saoura, and also as the White Oasis, is a town and commune located in western Algeria in Béchar Province, 241 km (150 mi) from the provincial capital Béchar, and 1,200 km (746 mi) from Algiers.

It has been the capital of the Béni Abbès District since 1957. The commune's area is approximately 10,040 km2 (3,880 sq mi), with a population of 10,885 inhabitants as of the 2008 census, up from 8,850 in 1998, and a population growth rate of 2.1%.

Béni Abbès lies in the Saoura valley, on the left bank of the intermittent wadi called Oued Saoura. There are seven ksars (castles) in Béni Abbès, including a particularly large one found in a palm grove in the river valley.

The people of Béni Abbès are often referred to as Abbabsa.
Crazyhouse
Crazyhouse is a chess variant in which captured enemy pieces can be reintroduced, or dropped, into the game as one's own, similarly to shogi. It was derived as a two-player, single-board variant of bughouse chess.

Lichess
Lichess (/ˈliː.tʃɛs/, LEE-ches) is an Internet chess server that is free and open-source, run by a non-profit organization of the same name. Users of the site can play online chess anonymously and optionally register an account to play games to earn a rating on Lichess. Lichess is ad-free and all the features are available for free, as the site is funded by donations from patrons, who receive a special badge as thanks for their support. Features include chess puzzles, computer analysis, tournaments and chess variants.
Flag football at the 2025 World Games
The flag football competition at the 2025 World Games took place from 14 to 17 August 2025, in Chengdu in China, at the Chengdu No. 7 High School Eastern Campus Athletics Field. The competition only included the women's tournament.

2025 World Games
The 2025 World Games (2025年世界运动会), also known as Chengdu 2025, were an international multi-sport event held from 7–17 August in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, with preliminary competition in some events beginning on 6 August. They were the 12th World Games, a multi-sport event featuring disciplines of Olympic sports and other competitions that are not currently contested at the Olympic Games.

It marked the first time that the World Games were hosted in the People's Republic of China, and marked the return to a four-year cycle after the 2021 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama were delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Washimiya, Saitama
Washimiya (鷲宮町, Washimiya-machi) was a town located in Kitakatsushika District, Saitama, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 33,739 and a density of 2,427.27 per square kilometre (6,286.6/sq mi). The total area is 13.90 square kilometres (5.37 sq mi).

On March 23, 2010, the town of Washimiya, along with the town of Kurihashi (also from Kitakatsushika District), and the town of Shōbu (from Minamisaitama District), was merged into the expanded city of Kuki.

Washimiya was famous for Washinomiya Shrine, one of the oldest shrines in the Kanto Region, and is the setting of Lucky Star, which causes otaku tourism.

Minami-Saitama District, Saitama
Minami-Saitama (南埼玉郡, Minami-Saitama-gun) is a district located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2012, the district has an estimated population of 33,405 and a density of 2,090 persons per km2. The total area is 15.95 km2.
Regina Jonas
Regina Jonas (German: [ʀeˈɡiːna ˈjoːnas]; German: Regine Jonas; 3 August 1902 – 12 October/12 December 1944) was a Berlin-born Reform rabbi. In 1935, she became the first woman to be ordained as a rabbi. Jonas was murdered in the Holocaust.

Abraham Geiger College
52°24′07″N 13°00′40″E﻿ / ﻿52.402°N 13.011°E﻿ / 52.402; 13.011The Abraham Geiger Kolleg (AGK) in Potsdam, founded in 1999, is a rabbinical seminary, an affiliated institute of the University of Potsdam in the Federal Republic of Germany and the first such new institution in continental Europe since the Shoah. It is named after Abraham Geiger (1810 – 1874), an important representative of liberal Judaism in Germany, and was established by Dr. Jan Mühlstein (then chairman of the Union of Progressive Jews in Germany) and Rabbi Walter Jacob z‘‘L. Since 2008, it has also trained cantors.
Big Wing
The Big Wing, also known as a Balbo, was an air fighting tactic proposed during the Battle of Britain by 12 Group commander Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory and Acting Squadron Leader Douglas Bader. In essence, the tactic involved meeting incoming Luftwaffe bombing raids in strength with a wing-shaped formation of three to five squadrons. In the Battle, this tactic was employed by the Duxford Wing, under Bader's command.

The name "Balbo" refers to Italo Balbo, an Italian air force officer and fascist political leader famous for leading large formations of aircraft on long distance flights before the war.

Balbo (aircraft formation)
Balbo was a common term in the late 1930s and early 1940s to describe any large formation of aircraft. It was named after the Italian fascist flying ace Italo Balbo who led a series of large aircraft formations in record-breaking flights to promote Italian aviation in the 1930s. During the Battle of Britain the term was used for the Big Wings that were based at RAF Duxford. The term is used today in the UK for a mass fly-by at the end of an airshow.
The Caretaker Trilogy
The Caretaker Trilogy is a series of science fiction thrillers with an ecological theme, written for young adults by David Klass.  The first book in the series, Firestorm (2006), was the first book ever endorsed by Greenpeace and was praised by critics for its combination of entertainment value and environmental message, garnering an American Library Association (ALA) Best Book citation, a starred review from Publishers Weekly, and a favorable review by the New York Times Book Review.  The story focuses on Jack Danielson, a teenager sent back from the future to save the world's oceans. Whirlwind, the second book in the Caretaker Trilogy, tells the story of Jack's efforts to save the Amazon rainforest; published in March 2008 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The third book in the trilogy is Timelock, published in 2009.

Firestorm has been optioned by Warner Bros. and the production company Thunder Road.

David Klass
David Klass is an American screenwriter and novelist. He has written more than 40 screenplays for Hollywood studios and published 14 young adult novels. His screenplays are primarily character-based thrillers for adults, while his novels often tell the stories of teenagers in crisis.
Swythamley Hall
Swythamley Hall is a late 18th-century country house near Leek, Staffordshire with architectural features of classical, Italianate and Jacobean style sitting within the 140 acre private Swythamley Park (a former deer park). The current buildings on the site include the main hall (sub-divided into four self-contained apartments), with an additional three residencies in the grounds of Swythamley Park (The Coach House, The Tenants Hall and The Estate House). The Main Hall and Coach House are Grade II listed buildings.

Leek, Staffordshire
Leek is a market town and civil parish in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of the county of Staffordshire, England. The town lies on the River Churnet, 10 miles (16 km) north east of Stoke-on-Trent. In 2021 it had a population of 19,385.

Leek is an ancient borough and was granted its royal charter in 1214. It is the administrative centre for the Staffordshire Moorlands District Council. King John granted Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, the right to hold a weekly Wednesday market and an annual seven-day fair in Leek in 1207.

Leek's coat of arms is a saltire shield. On the top is the Stafford knot, either side is the Leek double sunset and below a gold garb. The crest is a mural crown with three mulberry leaves on a mount of heather on top of which a moorcock is resting his claw on a small-weave shuttle. The motto Arte favente nil desperandum translates to: Our skill assisting us, we have no cause for despair.
Palais Rothschild
Palais Rothschild refers to a number of palaces in Vienna, Austria, which were owned by members of the Austrian branch of the Rothschild banking family. Apart from their sheer size and elegance, they were famous for the huge collections of valuable paintings, statues, furniture, books and armour that they housed, another reflection of the family's vast wealth and prominent position.

The collections were confiscated by the Nazis in 1938, and the palaces were stripped and ruined during World War II. After the war, the heirs received little compensation. What remained of the buildings was sold off, or destroyed and replaced by modern office buildings. The history of these palaces and the art collections they contained is symbolic of the rise and fall of the Austrian branch of the Rothschild family.

Rothschild banking family of Austria
The Rothschild banking family of Austria (Austrian German: Rothschild Bankiersfamilie) was the Austrian branch of the Rothschild family. It was founded in 1820 by Salomon Mayer von Rothschild in Vienna, which was then part of the Austrian Empire.
Compromise of Caspe
The 1412 Compromise of Caspe  (Compromiso de Caspe in Spanish, Compromís de Casp in Catalan) was an act and resolution of parliamentary representatives of the constituent realms of the Crown of Aragon (the Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Valencia, and Principality of Catalonia), meeting in Caspe, to resolve the interregnum following the death of King Martin of Aragon in 1410 without a legitimate heir. Succession through the male line, as ordained in the will of James I of Aragon should have gone to James II, Count of Urgell, however multiple others claimed the throne, which led to the "conclave" and compromise.

Louis III of Anjou
Louis III (25 September 1403 – 12 November 1434) was a claimant to the Kingdom of Naples from 1417 to 1426, as well as count of Provence, Forcalquier, Piedmont, and Maine and duke of Anjou from 1417 to 1434. As the heir designate to the throne of Naples, he was duke of Calabria from 1426 to 1434.
Muhammad Jamil Al-Mayahi
Muhammad Jamil Al-Mayahi (Arabic محمد جميل المياحي) also known as Muhammad Jamil Oudeh Al-Gharibawi, was born in Iraq in Wasit Governorate in Al-Hayy district in 1983. He is one of the leaders of the National Wisdom Movement in Wasit Governorate in Iraq. He was elected as the governor of Wasit governorate by the Wasit provincial council on 13 November 2018 to succeed the resigned Mahmoud Abd Al-Reda Talal, who won as a deputy in the parliament in its current session.

Mayahi resigned on 23 July 2025 following criticism over the government's response to the 2025 Kut shopping mall fire.

2025 Kut shopping mall fire
On 16 July 2025, a fire broke out at a shopping centre in the city of Kut, located in Wasit Governorate, eastern Iraq. The incident occurred at the Hyper Mall, a five-story commercial building. At least 69 people were confirmed dead, while 11 others were reported missing. Hundreds of people sustained injuries of varying degrees. The fire started during business hours and spread rapidly through the building.
Hotlum Glacier
The Hotlum Glacier is a glacier situated on the northeast flank of Mount Shasta, in the US state of California.  It is the largest and most voluminous glacier in California, although not as thick or long as the nearby Whitney Glacier.  The Hotlum Glacier flows from a large cirque on the northeast side of Mount Shasta's main summit below the Hotlum Headwall at roughly 13,600 ft (4,100 m).  It flows northeastward down the steep slope, forming three lobes which terminate near 10,400 ft (3,200 m).

In 2002, scientists made the first detailed survey of Mount Shasta's glaciers in 50 years. They found that seven of the glaciers have grown over the period 1951–2002, with the Hotlum and Wintun Glaciers nearly doubling, the Bolam Glacier increasing by half, and the Whitney and Konwakiton Glaciers growing by a third.

Mount Shasta
Mount Shasta (/ˈʃæstə/ SHASS-tə; Shasta: Waka-nunee-Tuki-wuki; Karuk: Úytaahkoo) is a potentially active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Cascade Range in Siskiyou County, California. At an elevation of 14,179 ft (4,322 m), it is the second-highest peak in the Cascades and the fifth-highest in the state. Mount Shasta has an estimated volume of 85 cubic miles (350 cubic kilometers), which makes it the most voluminous stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
The mountain and surrounding area are part of the Shasta–Trinity National Forest.
Reus Airport
Reus Airport (IATA: REU, ICAO: LERS) (misleadingly known as Barcelona Reus or Barcelona South) is located by the beaches of Costa Daurada, equidistant in relation to the town of Constantí and the city of Reus and approximately 8 km (5.0 mi) from the city centre of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. The airport receives a large amount of tourist traffic from passengers destined for the beach resorts of Salou and Cambrils as well as for the centre of Barcelona, which is approximately 103 km (64 mi) to the northeast. It is also close to one of Europe's largest theme resorts, PortAventura World, and the Mountains of Prades, a Mediterranean forest in the comarca of Baix Camp.

Reus
Reus (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈrɛws]) is the capital of Baix Camp, in Camp de Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 111,601 (register office, 2025) .

Reus is a producer of wines and spirits, and gained significance during the Phylloxera plague. Currently it is known for its commercial activity, as a center for rock climbing, and as the birthplace of architect Antoni Gaudí.
Marton railway station (North Yorkshire)
Marton is a railway station on the Esk Valley Line, which runs between Middlesbrough and Whitby via Nunthorpe. The station, situated 2 miles 79 chains (4.8 km) south-east of Middlesbrough, serves the suburbs of Marton, Middlesbrough and Ormesby, Redcar and Cleveland in North Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, it forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley. In 2021, it had a population of 148,215.
California Style Manual
The California Style Manual, as provided by order of the Supreme Court of California and pursuant to statute, is "the official organ for the styles to be used in the publication of the Official Reports" of decisions by California's courts. A person filing a document in a California state court may use either the style for legal citations prescribed in the Manual or the very different system promulgated in The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation but must use the same style consistently throughout the document. Most California state courts and lawyers practicing in those courts use the Manual's citation style. As of 2025, the latest edition of the Manual is the fourth edition, which was published in 2000 by West Group.

Supreme Court of California
The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts.  Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
Mahadipur
Mahadipur is a village in English Bazar CD block in Malda Sadar subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India and is a border checkpoint, on the Indian side of the Bangladesh-India border, with Sonamosjid in Chapai Nawabganj District on the Bangladesh side.

Bangladesh–India border
The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the Radcliffe line, is an international border running between the republics of Bangladesh and India. Six Bangladeshi divisions and five Indian states lie along the border.

Bangladesh and India share a 4,096-kilometre-long (2,545 mi) international border, the sixth-longest land border in the world, including 262 km (163 mi) in Assam, 856 km (532 mi) in Tripura, 318 km (198 mi) in Mizoram, 443 km (275 mi) in Meghalaya and 2,217 km (1,378 mi) in West Bengal. The Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet, and Chittagong are situated along the border. A number of pillars mark the border between the two states. Small demarcated portions of the border are fenced on both sides.