hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marino Crescent
Marino Crescent (Irish: An Corrán, meaning 'The Sickle') is a Georgian crescent of 26 houses at the junction of Marino, Fairview and Clontarf in Dublin 3, Ireland. It is the only Georgian crescent in Dublin.

Georgian Dublin
Georgian Dublin is a phrase used in terms of the history of Dublin that has two interwoven meanings:

to describe a historic period in the development of the city of Dublin, Ireland, from 1714 (the beginning of the reign of King George I of Great Britain and of Ireland) to the death in 1830 of King George IV. During this period, the reign of the four Georges, hence the word Georgian, covers a particular and unified style, derived from Palladian Architecture, which was used in erecting public and private buildings

to describe the modern day surviving buildings in Dublin erected in that period and which share that architectural style

Though, strictly speaking, Georgian architecture could only exist during the reigns of the four Georges, it had its antecedents prior to 1714 and its style of building continued to be erected after 1830, until replaced by later styles named after the then monarch, Queen Victoria, i.e. Victorian.
Canton of Uri
The canton of Uri (German: Kanton Uri [ˈuːri] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Uri; French: Canton d'Uri; Italian: Canton Uri) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and a founding member of the Swiss Confederation. It is located in Central Switzerland. The canton's territory covers the valley of the Reuss between the St. Gotthard Pass and Lake Lucerne.

The official language of Uri is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken dialect is the Alemannic Swiss German called Urner German.

Uri was once the only canton whose children in school had to learn Italian as their first foreign language, but in the school year of 2005/2006, that was changed to English, as in other Central and Northeastern Swiss cantons. The canton's population is about 35,000, of which 3,046 (or 8.7%) are foreigners.

The legendary William Tell is said to have hailed from Uri. The historical landmark Rütli lies within the canton of Uri.

Rütli
46°58′08″N 8°35′35″E﻿ / ﻿46.969°N 8.593°E﻿ / 46.969; 8.593

Rütli (German pronunciation: [ˈryːtli]) or Grütli (French: [ɡʁytli]; Italian: [ˈɡrutli]) is a mountain meadow on Lake Lucerne, in the Seelisberg municipality of the Swiss canton of Uri.  It is the site of the  Rütlischwur in traditional Swiss historiography, the oath marking the foundation of the original Swiss Confederacy. As such it is treated as a  national monument of  Switzerland. Since 1860, the Schweizerische Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft (SGG) has organized a celebration at the site on  Swiss National Day (August 1), since 1994 recognized as a public holiday. Rütli is only accessible by boat from Lake Lucerne or by foot from Seelisberg.
The Traitors (British TV series) series 1
The first series of The Traitors was first broadcast on BBC One on 29 November 2022. The series concluded on 22 December 2022 where Hannah Byczkowski, Aaron Evans and Meryl Williams won as Faithfuls, while Wilfred "Wilf" Webster placed as a runner-up, as a Traitor.

Aaron Evans (TV personality)
Aaron Evans (born 5 June 1997) is an English television personality. He came to prominence for his appearances on the BBC One game show The Traitors (2022). He went on to appear on various reality television shows, including First Dates (2024), Celebrity Mastermind (2024), and Love Island USA (2024).
Statesman (dialogue)
The Statesman (Ancient Greek: Πολιτικός, Politikós; Latin: Politicus), also known by its Latin title, Politicus, is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato.  The text depicts a conversation among Socrates, the mathematician Theodorus, another person named Socrates (referred to as "Socrates the Younger"), and an unnamed philosopher from Elea referred to as "the Stranger" (ξένος, xénos). It is ostensibly an attempt to arrive at a definition of "statesman," as opposed to "sophist" or "philosopher" and is presented as following the action of the Sophist.

The Sophist had begun with the question of whether the sophist, statesman, and philosopher were one or three, leading the Eleatic Stranger to argue that they were three but that this could only be ascertained through full accounts of each (Sophist 217b).  But though Plato has his characters give accounts of the sophist and statesman in their respective dialogues, it is most likely that he never wrote a dialogue about the philosopher.

Eleatics
The Eleatics were a group of pre-Socratic philosophers and school of thought in the 5th century BC centered around the ancient Greek colony of Elea (Ancient Greek: Ἐλέα), located around 80 miles south-east of Naples in southern Italy, then known as Magna Graecia.

The primary philosophers who are associated with the Eleatic doctrines are Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, and Melissus of Samos, although other Italian philosophers such as Xenophanes of Colophon and Empedocles have also sometimes been classified as members of this movement. The Eleatics have traditionally been seen as advocating a strict metaphysical view of monism in response to the materialist monism advocated by their predecessors, the Ionian school.
Luria–Delbrück experiment
The Luria–Delbrück experiment (1943) (also called the Fluctuation Test) demonstrated that in bacteria, genetic mutations arise in the absence of selective pressure rather than being a response to it. Thus, it concluded Darwin's theory of natural selection acting on random mutations applies to bacteria as well as to more complex organisms. Max Delbrück and Salvador Luria won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in part for this work.

Max Delbrück
Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück (German: [maks ˈdɛl.bʁʏk] ⓘ; September 4, 1906 – March 9, 1981) was a German–American biophysicist who participated in launching the molecular biology research program in the late 1930s.  He stimulated physical scientists' interest into biology, especially as to basic research to physically explain genes, mysterious at the time.  Formed in 1945 and led by Delbrück along with Salvador Luria and Alfred Hershey, the Phage Group made substantial headway unraveling important aspects of genetics. The three shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses". He was the first physicist to predict what is now called Delbrück scattering.
Fusako Kuramochi
Fusako Kuramochi (くらもち ふさこ, Kuramochi Fusako, real name 倉持房子 Kuramochi Fusako, born 14 May 1955 in Shibuya, Tokyo) is a Japanese shōjo manga artist. While still in high school, she made her professional debut with Megane-chan no Hitorigoto, published in the Autumn 1972 issue of Bessatsu Margaret. She won the magazine's gold medal for amateur manga artists. Afterwards, Kuramochi studied Japanese painting at Musashino Art University, but left before graduation to pursue her career full-time.

Her manga Tennen Kokekkō received the 1996 Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo manga, and was adapted as a live-action movie in 2007. Her series A-Girl was adapted as an anime OVA in 1993. Her manga Hana ni Somu won the Grand Prize category of the 21st Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize in 2017.

Musashino Art University
Musashino Art University (武蔵野美術大学, Musashino Bijutsu Daigaku) or Musabi (武蔵美) is a private university in Kodaira, Western Tokyo, founded in 1962 with roots going back to 1929. It is known as one of the leading art universities in Japan.
McElwee Houses
McElwee Houses is a national historic district located at Statesville, Iredell County, North Carolina.  It encompasses four contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Statesville.  The district includes notable examples of Classical Revival and Colonial Revival architecture and were built in the first decade of the 20th century. They were built by members of the John H. McElwee family, a prominent family of industrialists in the late-19th and early-20th century.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Statesville, North Carolina
Statesville is a city in Iredell County, North Carolina, United States, and its county seat.  The population was 28,419 at the time of the 2020 census. Statesville was established in 1789 by an act of the North Carolina Legislature. It is part of the Charlotte metropolitan area.
Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon
Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon is the German title for the Encyclopedia of German colonies which was published in 1920. The text had been finished by 1914 before World War I but was not printed due to the war. Thus it gives a wide range of information and then official views on the colonies of Germany at the end of its rule.

The encyclopedia was published 1920 in three volumes by a committee headed by the former governor of German East Africa, Heinrich Schnee. It was reprinted in 2006 by Fines Mundi publishers in Saarbrücken.

The complete German text has been digitalized and is available online.

Heinrich Schnee
Heinrich Albert Schnee (Albert Hermann Heinrich Schnee; 4 February 1871 – 23 June 1949) was a German lawyer, colonial civil servant, politician, writer, and association official. He served as the last governor of German East Africa.
Very Special (Debra Laws album)
Very Special is the debut album by Debra Laws, released in 1981 on Elektra Records.

The album peaked at No. 70 on the Billboard 200 and No. 13 on Billboard's Top Black Albums chart. The title track and "Be Yourself" were top 40 hits on Billboard's Hot Soul Singles chart.

Ronnie Laws
Ronald Wayne Laws (born October 3, 1950) is an American jazz and smooth jazz saxophonist, and singer. He is the younger brother of jazz flutist Hubert Laws and jazz vocalist Eloise Laws, and the older brother of Debra Laws.
Mike Bradwell
Mike Bradwell (born July 11, 1986) is a Canadian former professional football wide receiver who played for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted in the second round of the 2008 CFL draft by the Toronto Argonauts. He began playing football in his final year at Leaside High School and played CIS football with McMaster University.

Leaside High School
Leaside High School is a school of between 900 and 1000 pupils in central-east Toronto, Ontario, Canada, at the corner of Eglinton and Bayview Avenues. The school was established in 1945 by the Leaside Board of Education and is located in the Leaside neighbourhood. Prior to 1998, this school was part of the legacy East York Board of Education.

Feeder schools for Leaside High School include Bessborough Public School, Bennington Heights Public School, Northlea Public School, and Rolph Road Public School.  The school houses the French immersion program from Cosburn Middle School and Northlea E.M.S, along with the Extended French program from Milne Valley Middle School, Cosburn Middle School, and Valley Park Middle School.

In late 2006, Leaside High was rated "Best Toronto School for Languages" by Toronto Life magazine, featuring courses in French, Spanish, Italian and others.
Halina Machulska
Halina Machulska (born March 2, 1929) is a Polish theater, film and television actress.

Machulska is the widow of theater director and actor, Jan Machulski, who died in 2008. The couple's son is Polish film director, Juliusz Machulski. Halina and her husband co-starred together in their son's 1987 film, Kingsajz.

Juliusz Machulski
Juliusz Machulski (born 10 March 1955 in Olsztyn) is a Polish film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. Son of noted actor Jan Machulski, he became notable for his comedies ridiculing the life in communist-ruled Poland of the 1970s and 1980s. He is a member of the European Film Academy and the founder of the Zebra Film Studio. In 2014, he was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Santa María la Antigua del Darién
Santa María la Antigua del Darién—rendered as Dariena in the Latin of De Orbe Novo—was a Spanish colonial town founded in 1510 by Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Located in present-day Colombia approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of Acandí, within the municipality of Unguía in the Chocó Department, it was the first permanent European settlement on the mainland of the Americas and served as the first capital of Castilla del Oro. The settlement was abandoned in 1524 after the capital was transferred to the newly founded Panama City and was subsequently attacked and burned by indigenous peoples.

Decades of the New World
Decades of the New World (Latin: De orbe novo decades; Spanish: Décadas del nuevo mundo), by Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, is a collection of eight narrative tracts recounting early Spanish exploration, conquest and colonization of the New World, exploration of the Pacific, and related miscellany. The first four of these tracts were first published disjointly in three volumes in 1511, 1516, and 1521. All eight tracts were first anthologized, that is, first published as the completed Decades of the New World collection, in 1530. Being among the earliest histories of the Age of Discovery, the Decades are of great value to the history of geography and discovery.
George Donges
George Henry Donges (September 27, 1906 – May 28, 1976) was an American college football coach. He was the head football coach for Ashland College—now known as Ashland University—from 1935 to 1937 and from 1942 to 1953. He also coached the school's basketball, baseball, and track and field teams. He also played football and basketball for Ashland.

Before returning to Ashland, Donges served as the head football coach for Adario High School.

Ashland Eagles football
The Ashland Eagles football team represents Ashland University in NCAA Division II college football. The Eagles began playing football in 1920 and compete as members of the Great Midwest Athletic Conference (G-MAC).
The Compton Effect
The Compton Effect is the second album from rapper Greydon Square. It is his first album using the title Greydon Square, as his first album, Absolute (now no longer available), was recorded under the name 'Apocalypse'. The title is a reference to the Compton effect in physics (Greydon's undergraduate field of study), as well as the city of Compton, California, from which the artist originates.

Greydon Square
Eddie Collins (born September 28, 1981), better known by his stage name Greydon Square, is an American rapper, producer and sound engineer from Compton, California. He is an Iraq War veteran, an outspoken atheist, and the owner/co-founder of Majestic Comics. He uses his creativity to encourage discussion of atheism, critical thinking and rational thought.
2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships
The 2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships were held at the Uzbekistan Sport Complex and Gymnastics Sport Complex in Tashkent, Uzbekistan from 7 to 17 December 2021.

In agreement with the IWF, the event - having been postponed twice before (in Singapore and, from the previous year, Nauru) - was held within that year's World Championships. After the Omicron variant emerged, updated border restrictions rendered athletes from several Commonwealth countries unable to enter Uzbekistan, and Great Britain chose to send a small Worlds-only team not co-registered for Home Nations representation. Nonetheless, the championships went ahead, with the winners in qualifying weight classes also securing their places at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Weightlifting was one of the sports contested at the 2022 Commonwealth Games,  held in Birmingham, England. This was the nineteenth staging of weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games since its inclusion in 1950, and the second staging within England specifically.

The competition took place between 30 July and 3 August 2022, spread across sixteen weight classes (eight per gender).
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical
The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in professional London theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier.

This award was introduced in 1979, along with the award for Best Actor in a Musical. In 1977 and 1978, there had been a commingled actor/actress award for Best Performance in a Musical, won both times by an actress.

Barbara Dickson
Barbara Ruth Dickson OBE (born 27 September 1947) is a Scottish singer and actress whose hits include "I Know Him So Well" (a chart-topping duet with Elaine Paige), "Answer Me" and "January February". Dickson has placed fifteen albums on the UK Albums Chart from 1977 to date, and had a number of hit singles, including four which reached the top 20 on the UK Singles Chart. The Scotsman newspaper has described her as Scotland's best-selling female singer in terms of the numbers of hit chart singles and albums she has achieved in the UK since 1976.

She is also a two-time Olivier Award-winning actress, with roles including Viv Nicholson in the musical Spend Spend Spend, and was the original Mrs. Johnstone in Willy Russell's long-running musical Blood Brothers. On television she starred as Anita Braithwaite in Band of Gold.
Xutang Zhiyu
Xutang Zhiyu 虚堂智愚 (Japanese Kido Chigu, nickname Sokkō) (1185–1269) was a Chinese Chan-monk who gave dharma-transmission to Nanpo Shōmyō (1235–1308), the founder of the Japanese Rinzai Zen Ōtōkan-lineage. His style of koan practice was admired and emulated by Hakuin Ekaku, and today it's the only existing line of dharma-transmission in Japanese Rinzai Zen.

Hakuin Ekaku
Hakuin Ekaku (白隠 慧鶴; January 19, 1686 – January 18, 1769) was one of the most influential figures in Japanese Zen Buddhism, who regarded bodhicitta, working for the benefit of others, as the ultimate concern of Zen-training. While never having received formal dharma transmission, he is regarded as the reviver of the Japanese Rinzai school from a period of stagnation, focusing on rigorous training methods integrating meditation and koan practice.
Virginia Episcopal School
Virginia Episcopal School (VES) is a private, co-educational college preparatory, boarding and day school for students in grades 9 - 12, located in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. The school was first conceived in 1906 by the Reverend Robert Carter Jett, and opened its doors to students in September 1916. Virginia Episcopal School's 160-acre (0.65 km2) campus is located above the James River in Lynchburg along the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Lynchburg, Virginia
Lynchburg is an independent city in Virginia, United States. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the James River, it had a population of 79,009 at the 2020 census, making it the 11th-most populous city in Virginia. It is nicknamed the "City of Seven Hills" or the "Hill City." Lynchburg was founded in 1757 by John Lynch, a Quaker ferry operator and abolitionist. During the American Civil War, Lynchburg's strategic importance helped it remain the only major city in Virginia not recaptured by Union forces before the war's end.

Lynchburg anchors the Lynchburg metropolitan area, which lies near the geographic center of Virginia and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the state, with a population of 261,593. The city is a regional hub for education, home to several institutions of higher learning, including Liberty University, the University of Lynchburg, Randolph College, Virginia University of Lynchburg, and Central Virginia Community College.
Berman's Bakery
Berman's Bakery (Hebrew: מאפית ברמן Mafiat Berman) is the oldest commercial bakery in Israel and the second-largest after Angel Bakeries. Founded in 1875 by Kreshe Berman as a cottage industry in Jerusalem's Old City, the family business was the first to open a Jewish store outside the Old City walls and first to build a flour mill in Israel.

Berman's Bakery moved to the Mea Shearim neighbourhood of Jerusalem in the late nineteenth century, where it operated as the country's largest through two world wars and the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. In 1965 it moved to its present location in the Givat Shaul neighborhood. Here it employs over 400 workers and services 2,000 stores, supermarkets and institutions countrywide.

In 2007 the company was purchased by the Mishkei Harei Yehuda agricultural cooperative. At that time it reported revenues of ₪300 million annually.

Givat Shaul
Givat Shaul (Hebrew: גבעת שאול, lit. (Saul's Hill); Arabic: چڤعات شاؤول) is a neighborhood in West Jerusalem. The neighborhood is located at the western entrance to the city, east of the neighborhood of Har Nof and north of Kiryat Moshe. Givat Shaul stands 820 meters above sea level.
Stanhope lens
A Stanhope lens is a simple, one-piece microscope invented by Charles, the third Earl of Stanhope.  It is a cylinder of glass with each end curved outwards, one being more convex than the other.  The focal length of the apparatus is at or within the device so that objects to be studied are placed close to or in contact with the less curved end.  Because its construction is simple and economical, it was popular in the 19th century.  It was useful in medical practice for examining transparent materials such as crystals and fluids.

René Dagron modified the lens by keeping one curved end to refract light while sectioning the other end flat and locating it at the focal plane of the curved side. Dagron used the modified Stanhope lens in mounting his microscopic pictures in photographic jewels known as Stanhopes.

A rival lens is the Coddington magnifier.  This was considered superior as a magnifier but was more expensive.

René Dagron
René Prudent Patrice Dagron  (17 March 1817 – 13 June 1900) was a French photographer and inventor. He was born in Aillières-Beauvoir, Sarthe, France.
On 21 June 1859, Dagron was granted the first microfilm patent in history. Dagron is also considered the inventor of the miniature photographic jewels (French: Bijoux photographiques microscopiques) known as Stanhopes because a modified Stanhope lens is used to view the microscopic picture attached to the lens. He is buried at Ivry Cemetery, Ivry-sur-Seine.
G2G Racing
G2G Racing, also known as Glory 2 God Racing, was an American stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, fielding the No. 47 Toyota Tundra part-time for multiple drivers.

Stefan Parsons
Stefan Charles Parsons (born June 15, 1998) is an American professional stock car racing driver and spotter. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the Nos. 02/20 Chevrolet Silverado RSTs for Young's Motorsports and the No. 7 Silverado RST for Spire Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 45 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Alpha Prime Racing and the No. 35 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Joey Gase Motorsports with Scott Osteen. He was the spotter for the No. 7 Spire car in the NASCAR Cup Series driven by Justin Haley. He has also previously competed in the ARCA Menards Series and the CARS Tour.
Rivers of America Series
The Rivers of America Series is a landmark series of books on American rivers, for the most part written by literary figures rather than historians.  The series spanned three publishers and thirty-seven years.

Robert P. T. Coffin
Robert Peter Tristram Coffin (March 18, 1892 – January 20, 1955) was an American poet, educator, writer, editor and literary critic. Awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1936, he was the poetry editor for Yankee magazine.
Rosa 'Perle d'Or'
Rosa 'Perle d'Or' is an apricot blend Polyantha rose cultivar bred by Joseph Rambaux in 1875 and introduced by Francis Dubreuil in France in 1883. 'Perle d'Or' was granted several awards, including the Lyon Gold Medal in 1883, and the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit in 1993.

Francis Dubreuil
Francis Dubreuil (1842–1916) was a French rose breeder and nursery owner from Lyon, France. He was the second generation of the Meilland family to breed and grow roses. He introduced over 64 rose varieties during his career and was the founding member of the French Society of rose growers.