hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British Army airship Beta
The Beta 1 was  a  non-rigid airship constructed for experimental purposes in the United Kingdom by the Army Balloon Factory in 1910.  Reconstructed as Beta II, it was used successfully by the British Army and then by the Royal Naval Air Service as HMA No.17, and was finally struck off charge in 1916.

Royal Aircraft Establishment
The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) was a British research establishment, known by several different names during its history, that eventually came under the aegis of the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD), before finally losing its identity in mergers with other institutions.

The British Army Balloon Factory was established on Farnborough Common in the early 1900s. By 1912 it had come under civilian control and was the Royal Aircraft Factory (RAF). In 1918 it was renamed Royal Aircraft Establishment to prevent confusion with the newly created Royal Air Force.

The first site was at Farnborough Airfield ("RAE Farnborough") in Hampshire to which was added a second site RAE Bedford (Bedfordshire) in 1946.

On 1 May 1988 it was renamed the Royal Aerospace Establishment (RAE) before merging with other research entities to become part of the new Defence Research Agency in 1991.
2021 French Open – Boys' singles
Luca Van Assche won the title, defeating Arthur Fils in an all-French final, 6–4, 6–2. This was the first Grand Slam junior tournament with all-French semifinalists.

Dominic Stricker was the defending champion, but was no longer eligible to participate in junior events.

Arthur Fils
Arthur Fils (French pronunciation: [aʁtyʁ fis]; born 12 June 2004) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 14, achieved on 14 April 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 185, reached on 4 August 2025. He is currently the No. 4 singles player from France.

Fils has won three ATP Tour singles titles. He represents France at the Davis Cup.
Mulga, Alabama
Mulga is a town in western Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is north from the Birmingham suburb of Pleasant Grove. It includes the community of Bayview. Mulga was a company town operated by Birmingham Coal and Iron Company around the Mulga Mine and Mulga was also the name of an independent community in the area. The company town was incorporated in 1947.

As of the 2020 census, Mulga had a population of 784. Its communities were damaged by an F5 tornado on April 8, 1998. The town's name is possibly derived from the Creek word omalga meaning "all".

Coal has been mined in the area. Forty-one men died in a 1910 coal mine explosion.

Bayview, Alabama
33°33′35″N 86°58′30″W﻿ / ﻿33.559787°N 86.975048°W﻿ / 33.559787; -86.975048

Bayview is a community in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States.  It is north from the Birmingham suburb of Pleasant Grove. This community is built around Bayview Lake. It voted to be annexed by its nearest town of Mulga.  However, Bayview today retains its own community identity.
Changing Faces (Bros album)
Changing Faces is the third and final studio album by British pop band Bros. It was released on 30 September 1991 and was the first album on which Matt Goss and Luke Goss co-wrote all the songs. It was also the first time that Nicky Graham was not involved in either writing or production duties. The album reached number 18 on the UK Albums Chart and spawned two singles, both of which made the top 40 on the UK Singles Chart.

Bros (British band)
Bros (/brɒs/) were an English band formed in 1986 in Camberley, Surrey. The band originally consisted of twin brothers Matt and Luke Goss, and their friend Craig Logan, who attended Collingwood School in Camberley. The band were managed by former Pet Shop Boys manager Tom Watkins. They achieved chart success and a large teenage fanbase in 1988 with songs such as "When Will I Be Famous?" and "I Owe You Nothing". Early the following year, Logan quit the band and the Goss twins continued as a duo. After two more albums the band split up in 1992.

According to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), Bros have been certified for sales of 1.3 million albums and 750,000 singles in the UK. Bros are estimated to have sold 16 million records worldwide. In 2017, the Goss twins reunited to perform two dates as Bros at the O2 Arena in London.
Thomas Macdonough
Thomas Macdonough, Jr. (December 31, 1783 – November 10, 1825) was a United States Navy officer noted for his roles in the First Barbary War and the War of 1812. He was the son of a revolutionary officer, Thomas Macdonough, Sr. who lived near Middletown, Delaware.

He was the sixth child from a family of ten siblings and was raised in the countryside. He entered naval life at an early age, receiving a midshipman's commission at the age of sixteen.

Serving with Stephen Decatur at Tripoli, he was a member of "Preble's Boys", a select group of U.S. naval officers who served under the command of Commodore Preble during the First Barbary War. Macdonough achieved fame during the War of 1812, commanding the American naval forces that overpowered a British squadron at the Battle of Lake Champlain, part of the larger Battle of Plattsburgh.

Vergennes, Vermont
Vergennes /vərˈdʒɛnz/ is a city located in the northwest quadrant of Addison County, Vermont, United States. The municipality is bordered by the towns of Ferrisburgh, Panton, and Waltham. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,553. It is the smallest of Vermont's 10 cities in terms of population, though the city of Winooski has the smallest area. It was the first city chartered in the state of Vermont and is the only city in Addison County.
Flintlock mechanism
The flintlock mechanism is a type of lock used on muskets, rifles, and pistols from the early 17th to the mid-19th century. It is commonly referred to as a "flintlock" (without the word mechanism). The term is also used for the weapons themselves as a whole, and not just the lock mechanism.

The flintlock mechanism, also known as the true flintlock, was developed in France in the early 17th century. It quickly replaced earlier technologies, such as the matchlock, wheellock and earlier flintlocks. It continued to be in common use for over two centuries, until it was finally replaced by the percussion lock.

Musket
A musket is a muzzle-loaded long gun that appeared as a smoothbore weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating plate armour. By the mid-16th century, this type of musket gradually disappeared as the use of heavy armour declined, but musketeers continued as the generic term for smoothbore long sticks until the mid-19th century. In turn, this style of musket was retired in the 19th century when rifled muskets (simply called rifles in modern terminology) using the Minié ball (invented by Claude-Étienne Minié in 1849) became common. The development of breech-loading firearms using self-contained cartridges, introduced by Casimir Lefaucheux in 1835, began to make muskets obsolete. The first reliable repeating rifles, the 1860 Henry rifle and its 1866 descendant the Winchester rifle, superseded muskets entirely. Repeating rifles quickly established themselves as the standard for rifle design, ending the era of the musket.
Mihir Das
Mihir Kumar Das (11 February 1959 – 11 January 2022) was an Indian actor who worked in Odia language films of Ollywood industry. He received several awards, notably Best Actor for his films Laxmi Pratima in 1998, Pheria Mo Suna Bhauni in 2005 Best Supporting Actor award for his films Rakhi Bandhili Mo Rakhiba Mana in 2002 and Prema Adhei Akhyara and Best Comedian award for Mu Tate Love Karuchhi in 2007 from the Odisha state government.

Prema Adhei Akhyara
Prema Adhei Akhyara is a 2010 Indian Oriya-language romantic drama film directed by Sudhakar Basant. A remake of the 2007 Telugu film Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule, the film stars Babushaan Mohanty and Riya Dey in her debut.
In the Pocket (Commodores album)
In the Pocket is the ninth studio album by the American R&B/Funk group the Commodores, released by Motown Records in 1981.

It is the last Commodores album to feature Lionel Richie, as he left the band to start a solo career the following year. The bulk of the album was recorded at Web IV Recording Studio in Atlanta, Georgia. This album contained two hit singles, "Lady (You Bring Me Up)" (U.S. No. 8) and "Oh No" (U.S. No. 4).

James Anthony Carmichael
James Anthony Carmichael (born September 14, 1941) is an American Grammy-winning musician, arranger, and record producer. At first he started off in Los Angeles as an arranger and producer for Motown acts like The Temptations and the Jackson 5. Carmichael went on to attain fame in arranging and producing artists such as the Commodores, Atlantic Starr, Diana Ross and Lionel Richie.
Albert Clark Wedge
Albert Clark Wedge (August 18, 1834 – October 23, 1911) was an American physician and politician.

Wedge was born in Denmark, Lewis County, New York. He went to the Wisconsin public schools and then went to Ripon College, in Ripon, Wisconsin, in 1854. In 1857, Wedge received his medical degree from Cleveland Medical College. He moved to Albert Lea, Minnesota with his wife and family and practiced medicine in Albert Lea. Wedge served in the 3rd Minnesota Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. Wedge served as mayor of Albert Lea and was a Republican. He then served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1870 and 1971 and in the Minnesota Senate from 1879 to 1881.

Denmark, New York
Denmark is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States, named after the Kingdom of Denmark in northern Europe. The population was 2,626 at the 2020 census, down from 2,860 at the 2010 census. The town is on the northwestern border of Lewis County and lies east of Watertown.
Krępa, Radomsko County
Krępa [ˈkrɛmpa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lgota Wielka, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Lgota Wielka, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Radomsko, and 75 km (47 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Lgota Wielka
Gmina Lgota Wielka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Lgota Wielka, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Radomsko and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 63.08 square kilometres (24.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,472.
Wahgunyah railway line
The Wahgunyah railway is a closed line in north-east Victoria, Australia. Branching off the main North East railway at Springhurst, it ran north-west to Wahgunyah.

The Wahgunyah terminus was located near the south bank of the Murray River, opposite the terminus of the New South Wales Culcairn - Corowa railway line on the north bank, but there was no connecting rail bridge over the river. Because the two lines were of differing gauges, and the stations 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) apart, there was no particular benefit in building a bridge to connect the two incompatible systems.

Wahgunyah
Wahgunyah /wəˈɡʌnjə/ is a town in northeastern Victoria, Australia. The town is on the southern bank of the Murray River, opposite Corowa, New South Wales, in the Shire of Indigo. Wahgunyah is 298 kilometres (185 mi) north east of the state capital, Melbourne and 51 kilometres (32 mi) west of Albury/Wodonga. At the 2016 census, Wahgunyah had a population of 1,098.

The name is believed to be an Aboriginal phrase meaning the resting place of crows.
Southern Airways Flight 49
The hijacking of Southern Airways Flight 49 started on November 10, 1972, in Birmingham, Alabama, stretching over 30 hours, three countries, and 4,000 miles (6,400 km), not ending until the next evening in Havana, Cuba. Three men, Melvin Cale, Louis Moore, and Henry D. Jackson Jr., successfully hijacked a Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 that was scheduled to fly from Memphis, Tennessee, to Miami, Florida, via Birmingham and Montgomery, Alabama, and Orlando, Florida.  The three were each facing criminal charges for unrelated incidents. Thirty-five people, including thirty-one passengers and four crew members, were aboard the airplane when it was hijacked. The hijackers' threat to crash the aircraft into a nuclear reactor led directly to the requirement that U.S. airline passengers be physically screened, beginning January 5, 1973.

Southern Airways
Southern Airways was a local service carrier, a scheduled airline in the United States that operated from 1949 until 1979, when it merged with North Central Airlines to become Republic Airlines. Southern's corporate headquarters were in Atlanta, with operations headquartered at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, near Atlanta.

Following a merger with North Central Airlines in 1979, Southern became Republic Airlines, which in turn was merged into Northwest Airlines in 1986.  Northwest Airlines was then merged into Delta Air Lines in 2008.
Little Rose
Little Rose (Polish: Różyczka) is a 2010 Polish drama film directed by Jan Kidawa-Błoński. The lead actress Magdalena Boczarska received the IFFI Best Actor Award (Female): Silver Peacock Award at the 41st International Film Festival of India.

41st International Film Festival of India
The 41st International Film Festival of India was held from 22 November – 2 December 2010 in Goa. Veteran director Yash Chopra was the chief guest for this edition. The "Cannes Kaleidoscope 2010"  was the highlight of the 41st edition. The "Best Actress" and "Best Actor" awards were re-instituted from this edition. The 41st edition paid homage to veteran French filmmaker Eric Rohmer. Six of his feature films were part of the festival.  The platinum jubilee of Oriya Cinema was Commemorated and 26 Feature Films were screened. The edition also marked the commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of the Film & Television Institute of India.
Kim Ji-hyun (actress)
Kim Ji-hyun (Korean: 김지현; born January 2, 1982) is a South Korean actress. Kim is known for her roles in The Smile Has Left Your Eyes (2018), Justice (2019), and Thirty-Nine, as well as for her performances in films like Solace (2006) and A Little Pond (2009). She is currently affiliated with the artist management company Vibe Actors.

She holds both a bachelor's and a master's degree in acting from Korea National University of Arts. Kim made her acting debut in 2006 and has since appeared in various musical plays, films, and television series. Following her graduation, she participated in several productions with Yi Sang-woo, including plays such as Korea Fantasy (2005), Byun (2005), and The Story of Yangdeokwon (2010) under the Chaimu Theater Company.

Kim Dong-yeon (director)
Kim Dong-yeon (Korean: 김동연; born June 28, 1975), a South Korean playwright and theater director, is also known as the Blue Chip Director of Daehak-ro. He made his directorial debut in 2003 with the play "Fantasy Fairy Tale." One of his most famous works as a director is the South Korean musical Maybe Happy Ending, which premiered in 2017. Kim is also recognized for his military musicals The Shinheung Military Academy (2018) and Return (2019). Additionally, he has directed the South Korean adaptations of stage plays such as Human (2010), The Pride (2014), M. Butterfly (2017), Shakespeare R&J (2018), and Touching the Void (2022).
Kumbungu
Kumbungu is the capital town in the Kumbungu District of the Northern Region of Ghana. Kumbungu is the capital of Kumbungu district. As of 2010, fertility rate in Kumbungu stood at 3.6 (above the national average of 3.5) and had a total population of 39,341 with an almost equal ratio of females to males. Kumbungu has a market center that comes off every sixth day.

Kumbungu District
Kumbungu District is one of the sixteen districts in Northern Region, Ghana. The district assembly is located in the northwest part of Northern Region and has Kumbungu as its capital town. Hon. Alhaji Imoro Yakubu kakpagu is the District Chief Executive for Kumbungu District.

Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Tolon-Kumbungu District in 1988, which was created from the former West Dagomba District Council, until the eastern part of the district was split off to create Kumbungu District on 28 June 2012; thus the remaining part has been renamed to become Tolon District.
Port Byron Township, Rock Island County, Illinois
Port Byron Township is located in Rock Island County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,446 and it contained 704 housing units. Located on the Mississippi river. The major business is Sandstrum Industries with John Deere 15 minutes down state Hy 84 to the south. The John Deere corporate headquarters is in Moline 20 minutes south. Locally Port Byron has six bars and restaurants from fine dining to burgers and chili. Located 2 miles north of the Interstate 80 bridge over the Mississippi River on Illinois route 84, Port Byron is also on the Mississippi River Flyway for migrating birds. Thousands of species can be seen as they travel from Canada to the Gulf Coast espiecally the Pelicans in summer and the Eagles in winter.

Rock Island County, Illinois
Rock Island County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois, bounded on the west by the Mississippi River. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 144,672. Its county seat is Rock Island; its largest city is neighboring Moline. Rock Island County is one of the four counties that make up the Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
May Bumps 2016
The May Bumps 2016 were a set of rowing races at Cambridge University from Wednesday 8 June 2016 to Saturday 11 June 2016. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 125th set of races in the series of May Bumps which have been held annually in mid-June in this form since 1887.

Bumps race
A bumps race is a form of rowing race in which a number of boats chase each other in single file, each crew attempting to catch and 'bump' the boat in front without being caught by the boat behind.

The form is mainly used in intercollegiate competitions at the University of Oxford since 1815, and at the University of Cambridge since 1827.

Bumps racing in eights is also found in the United Hospitals Boat Club in London between the five London medical schools and Royal Veterinary College.

Bumps racing in fours is also the format of inter-house rowing at Eton College and Shrewsbury School. It is particularly suitable where the stretch of water available is long but narrow, precluding side-by-side racing. Bumps racing gives a sharper feel of immediate competition than a head race, where boats are simply timed over a fixed course. Few rowers worldwide use rivers as narrow as the Cam or the Isis, but bumps races are also contested elsewhere.
Listed buildings in Yeaveley
Yeaveley is a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Yeaveley and the surrounding countryside.  The oldest listed building in the parish consists of the remains of a preceptory of the Knights Hospitaller.  The other listed buildings are houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, and a church.

Yeaveley
Yeaveley is a small village and civil parish near Rodsley and 4 miles south of Ashbourne in Derbyshire. The population of the civil parish (including Rodsley) as at the 2011 census was 396.

The village has no school but does have a public house and the Holy Trinity Church. During the reign of Richard I, Ralph Foun gave a hermitage at Yeaveley with lands, waters, woods, mills, and other appurtenances to the Knights Hospitallers.
Kenon Holdings
Kenon Holdings is a public corporation, which is a spin off from Israel Corporation, traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Owned by Israeli businessman Idan Ofer, it controls Israel Corp's investment in companies such as Qoros.

Qoros
Qoros Auto Co., Ltd. was a Chinese automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Shanghai, China. Its principal activity was the design, development, production and sale of passenger cars sold under the Qoros marque.

It was founded as a joint venture between Chery and Israel Corporation in December 2007 under the name Chery Quantum Automotive Corporation (CQAC). The name was changed to Qoros Auto Co., Ltd. in November 2011.  In December 2017 Baoneng Group, secured a 51 percent stake in Qoros for 6.6 billion RMB.

The first production model, the Qoros 3, made its first public appearance at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2013 and went on sale in China in November 2013.

In January 2026, Qoros applied for bankruptcy.
Aaron Jakubenko
Aaron Jakubenko  is an Australian actor. He is known for playing Yuri in Conspiracy 365 and Augie McTeer in Tidelands. He also played the main character of Commodus, based on the historical figure Commodus, in the Netflix-series Roman Empire's first season and one of the main characters in the American teen series titled The Shannara Chronicles. Jakubenko played the recurring role of Robbo Slade in Neighbours and Jean Beazley's (Nadine Garner) son Jack in The Doctor Blake Mysteries.

Roman Empire (TV series)
Roman Empire is a television docudrama based on historical events of the Roman Empire. The show is in the anthology format with each season presenting an independent story. Season 1, "Reign of Blood", is a six-part story about Emperor Commodus. Jeremiah Murphy and Peter Sherman collaborated on writing the first season, with Richard Lopez directing. It premiered on Netflix on November 11, 2016. Season 2, "Master of Rome", premiered on July 27, 2018; it is a five-part story about the rise of Dictator Julius Caesar and the fall of the Roman Republic. Season 3, "The Mad Emperor", premiered on Netflix on April 5, 2019, and is a four-part story about Emperor Caligula.

The series was produced by Netflix as a Netflix original series, though it frequently reuses footage from other programs, including Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire (2006).
Arthur Doubleday
Arthur Doubleday (16 October 1865 – 23 January 1951) was a South African-born prelate who served in the Roman Catholic Church as the second Bishop of Brentwood from 1920 to 1951.

Born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa on 16 October 1865, he was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Southwark on 22 December 1888. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Brentwood by the Holy See on 7 May 1920. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 23 June 1920, the principal consecrator was Cardinal Francis Bourne, Archbishop of Westminster, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop Peter Amigo of Southwark and Bishop William Cotter of Portsmouth.

Bishop Doubleday died in office on 23 January 1951, aged 85.

Catholicism portal

Archdiocese of Southwark
The Archdiocese of Southwark (Latin: Archidioecesis Southvarcensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in England. It is led by the Archbishop of Southwark. The archdiocese is part of the Metropolitan Province of Southwark, which covers the South of England. The Southwark archdiocese also makes up part of the Catholic Association Pilgrimage.

Its cathedral church is St George's Cathedral, Southwark.