hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chal
Chal, also shubat or khoormog (Kazakh: шұбат, şūbat, pronounced [ʂo̙bɑt], Mongolian: хоормог, khoormog, pronounced [χɔ̙ːrmɞ̙k]), is a Turkic (especially Turkmen, Uzbek and Kazakh) and Mongolic beverage of fermented camel milk, sparkling white with a sour flavor, popular in Central Asia — particularly in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. In Kazakhstan the drink is known as shubat, and is a staple summer food. Due to preparation requirements and perishable nature, chal has proved difficult to export. Agaran (fermented cream) is collected from the surface of chal.

Fermentation in food processing
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy.

The term "fermentation" sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider. However, similar processes take place in the leavening of bread (CO2 produced by yeast activity), and in the preservation of sour foods with the production of lactic acid, such as in sauerkraut and yogurt.

Other widely consumed fermented foods include vinegar, olives, and cheese. More localized foods prepared by fermentation may also be based on beans, grain, vegetables, fruit, honey, dairy products, and fish.
Bald Eagle, Pennsylvania
Bald Eagle is a Census-designated place in Snyder Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Bald Eagle had a population of 242. It is located in the Bald Eagle Valley at the foot of the Bald Eagle Mountain ridge, along the Big Fill Run near its confluence with the headwaters of the Bald Eagle Creek tributary of the Little Juniata River. Originally a stop on the Pennsylvania Railroad Tyrone Division, it is now exit 52 off  Interstate 99, and was the former northern terminus of the unfinished highway. The Bald Eagle postal zip code is 16686 ( Tyrone, PA ).

Blair County, Pennsylvania
Blair County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 122,822. Its county seat is Hollidaysburg, and its largest city is Altoona. The county was created on February 26, 1846, from parts of Huntingdon and Bedford counties. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Blair County comprises the Altoona, PA metropolitan statistical area. It is also part of the Altoona-Huntingdon, PA Combined Statistical Area, which includes Blair and Huntingdon counties.
Burke's Tavern
Burke's Tavern is a historic inn and tavern located near Burkeville, Nottoway County, Virginia. It was built in 1731, and is a one-story
frame building set upon a ground-level brick basement. The building has a central hall, single pile plan. It features brick exterior end chimneys.  Near the end of the American Civil War in 1865, the Union Brigadier General Thomas Alfred Smyth of Delaware, wounded at the Battle of High Bridge was brought to the house, where he died on April 9.  Smythe was the last Union general to be killed in the war.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Burkeville, Virginia
Burkeville is an incorporated town in Nottoway County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, Burkeville had a population of 417. The source of the town name is disputed. The town is located at the crossroads of U.S. routes 360 and 460.
2023 Barcelona municipal election
A municipal election was held in Barcelona on Sunday, 28 May 2023, to elect the 12th City Council of the municipality. All 41 seats in the City Council were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in twelve autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain.

Incumbent mayor Ada Colau's party, Barcelona in Common (BComú), fell to third place behind Xavier Trias-led Together for Catalonia (JxCat) alliance and the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), which scored its best result since 2011. PSC's Jaume Collboni was able to become the new city's mayor following an alliance with BComú and the surprise support of the People's Party (PP), which aimed at preventing the city's government from falling into the hands of pro-Catalan independence parties.

Ada Colau
Ada Colau Ballano (Catalan: [ˈaðə kuˈlaw] Spanish: [ˈaða koˈlaw]; born 3 March 1974) is a Spanish activist and politician who was Mayor of Barcelona between 2015 and 2023. On 13 June 2015 she was elected Mayor of Barcelona, the first woman to hold the office,  as part of the citizen municipalist platform, Barcelona En Comú. Colau was one of the founding members and spokespeople of the Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) (Platform for People Affected by Mortgages), which was set up in Barcelona in 2009 in response to the rise in evictions caused by unpaid mortgage loans and the collapse of the Spanish property market in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis.
Gambat Liver Transplant Center
27°20′35″N 68°32′29″E﻿ / ﻿27.34306°N 68.54139°E﻿ / 27.34306; 68.54139

The Gambat Liver Transplant Center (also Gambat Organ Transplant Unit) is a Sindh government public hospital, located in Gambat, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan.

The transplant program provides free liver transplants to individuals who cannot afford the cost of the treatment.

Started in 2016, the 500-bed facility was the first Pakistani hospital to perform both a kidney transplant and a liver transplant in the same surgery.

In 2020, the hospital performed 210 living-donor liver transplants, the highest number ever recorded in Pakistan. Until January 2021, Gambat Liver Transplant Unit carried out 330 liver transplants and 102 kidney transplants during the period by a team of nine surgeons. Its out-patient clinic has been catering to as many as 250 patients. It is currently the only public sector transplant unit in Pakistan that performs 6 living donor liver transplantations and 3 kidney transplantations per week.

Gambat
Gambat (Sindhi: گمبٽ, Urdu: گمبٹ) is a city and capital of Gambat Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of Khairpur District, located in Sindh province of Pakistan. The population in 2017 was 263,000, with 93,000 residing in urban areas and approximately 170,000 living across the entire taluka.

The town was significantly affected by the 2022 floods, resulting in the loss of many lives and substantial economic hardship for both the town and the district. The floods also disrupted the railway line, further impacting the region.

A Hindu temple in Gambat serves as a historical site with over a century of cultural and spiritual heritage. It holds significance for the Hindu community, reflecting their longstanding traditions. The temple was renovated in 2024.

The Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences Gambat is a hospital equipped with advanced machinery for transplants and the treatment of various diseases, making it a prominent healthcare facility in the area.
Dhinarathrangal
Dhinarathrangal (transl. Days and Nights) is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language film written by Dennis Joseph, directed by Joshi and produced by S. V. Krishna Reddy and starring Mammootty, Sumalatha and Mukesh. The score and soundtrack were composed by Shyam. The film was inspired by the Hindi film Achanak (1973).

Joshiy
Joshiy (born 18 July 1952) is an Indian film director who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema and also directed Tamil, Hindi, Telugu and Kannada-language films.

Joshiy made his directorial debut in the 1978 film Tiger Salim, but it was the 1980 film Moorkhan that was his breakthrough in Malayalam cinema. He is regarded as the pioneer of film noir and action thrillers in Malayalam.
Gadsden, Alabama
Gadsden is a city in and the county seat of Etowah County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located on the Coosa River about 56 miles (90 km) northeast of Birmingham 90 miles (140 km) southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee. 72 Miles (117Km) Southeast of Huntsville It is the primary city of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 103,931. The population was 33,945 at the 2020 census.

In the 19th century, Gadsden was Alabama's second-most important center of commerce and industry, trailing only the seaport of Mobile. The two cities were important shipping centers: Gadsden for riverboats and Mobile for international trade.

From the late 19th century through the 1980s, Gadsden was a center of heavy industry, including the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and Republic Steel.  In 1991, following more than a decade of sharp decline in industry, Gadsden was awarded the honor of All-America City by the National Civic League.

Jake Adam York
Jake Adam York (August 10, 1972 – December 16, 2012) was an American poet. He published three books of poetry before his death: Murder Ballads, which won the 2005 Elixir Prize in Poetry; A Murmuration of Starlings, which won the 2008 Colorado Book Award in Poetry; and Persons Unknown, an editor's selection in the Crab Orchard Series in Poetry. A fourth book, Abide, was released posthumously, in 2014. That same year he was also named a posthumous recipient of the Witter Bynner Fellowship by the U.S. Poet Laureate.
Umarjan
Umarjan is a town and Village Development Committee  in Bara District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,845 persons living in 610 individual households.

Bara District
Bara District (Nepali: बारा जिल्ला Listenⓘ) is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, located in the western part of the Madhesh Province. The district is third richest district in Nepal after Kathmandu and Morang with 3.3% share of total GDP of Nepal and highest per capita income in Madhesh province. Kalaiya serves as the district's headquarter. Bakaiya, Jamuniya, Pasaha, Dudhaura and Bangari are the main rivers of Bara. The main languages spoken in the district are Tharu, Bhojpuri, Bajjika, and Nepali.
Binoculars
Binoculars or field glasses are two refracting telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. Most binoculars are sized to be held using both hands, although sizes vary widely from opera glasses to large pedestal-mounted military models.

Unlike a (monocular) telescope, binoculars give users a three-dimensional image: each eyepiece presents a slightly different image to each of the viewer's eyes and the parallax allows the visual cortex to generate an impression of depth.

Field of view
The field of view (FOV) is the angular extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment. In the case of optical instruments or sensors, it is a solid angle through which a detector is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. It is further relevant in photography.
Johan van Lom (Dutch collaborator)
Johan (Han) van Lom (Gorinchem, 3 June 1918 – Amsterdam, 6 March 1945) was a Dutch lawyer who worked with the Dutch resistance during World War II and toward the end of the war collaborated with the Nazis, allowing them to arrest other members of the Dutch resistance in return for the freedom of a family friend. His betrayal of Teus van Vliet led to the arrest and subsequent execution of Walraven van Hall, banker and leader of the resistance. Van Lom himself was later executed by members of the resistance.

Walraven van Hall
Walraven "Wally" van Hall  (10 February 1906 – 12 February 1945) was a Dutch banker and resistance leader during the occupation of the Netherlands in World War II. He founded the bank of the Resistance, which was used to distribute funds to victims of the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands and fund the Dutch resistance. Van Hall was executed by the German occupiers in Haarlem shortly before the end of the war and buried at the Erebegraafplaats Bloemendaal.
Calgary Surge
The Calgary Surge is a Canadian professional basketball team based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, that competes in the Canadian Elite Basketball League since 2023. They relocated from Guelph, where they were known as the Guelph Nighthawks. They were renamed and rebranded as the Calgary Surge. The team plays at home at WinSport Event Centre.

Canadian Elite Basketball League
The Canadian Elite Basketball League (CEBL; French: Ligue élite canadienne de basketball—LÉCB) is the premier men's professional basketball league in Canada, as recognized by Canada Basketball. The CEBL was founded in 2017 and began play in 2019 with six teams all owned and operated by ownership group Canadian Basketball Ventures.

The league currently consists of 10 teams from six provinces, with four from Ontario, two from Alberta, and one each from British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Quebec, the largest number of teams of any professional sports league operating entirely in Canada. CEBL teams play 24 regular-season games from May to August. The season culminates in the six-team playoffs that include a final four Championship Weekend where the league's champion is crowned.
OCP Group
OCP Group, formerly Office Chérifien des Phosphates, is a Moroccan state-owned phosphate rock miner, phosphoric acid manufacturer and fertilizer producer. Founded in 1920, the company has grown to become the world's largest producer of phosphate and phosphate-based products and it is one of the largest phosphate, fertilizer, chemicals, and mineral industrial companies in the world by revenue.

OCP has access to more than 70% of the world's phosphate rock reserves. Initially a mining company, OCP diversified in 1965 to become a phosphate processor, making it the world's largest fertilizer manufacturer. The company holds a 31% market share of the world phosphate product market.

The Group employs nearly 17,000 people in Morocco, along with staff in several international subsidiaries. In 2024, it generated revenues of US $9.76 billion.

Ben Guerir
Ben Guerir (Arabic: بن ڭرير) is a city in central Morocco and the administrative center of the Rehamna province, within the Marrakesh-Safi region. It is recognized as a hub for higher education and a key military location.

The city is situated in the historical territory of the Rahamna tribe and is notable for its educational, industrial, and military significance.
If It Feels Good Do It
"If It Feels Good Do It" is a song by Canadian rock band Sloan. It was released as the lead single from the band's sixth studio album, Pretty Together. The song was first made available online in August 2001. The song was nominated for Best Single at the 2002 Juno Awards. The song is featured on the soundtrack of the EA Sports video game Triple Play 2002 and is also featured in the 2004 film The Girl Next Door.

Sloan (band)
Sloan is a Canadian rock band formed in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1991. Sloan has released fourteen full-length albums and has received nine Juno Award nominations, winning one. Between 1996 and 2016, Sloan was among the top 75 best-selling Canadian artists in Canada and among the top 25 best-selling Canadian bands in Canada. The band is known for the sharing of songwriting and lead vocals from each member of the group and their unaltered line-up throughout their career. Although formed in Halifax, the band is now based out of Toronto.
2022 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2022 European Figure Skating Championships were held from 10 to 16 January 2022 at the Tondiraba Ice Hall in Tallinn, Estonia. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each federation at the 2023 European Championships. Tallinn was announced as the host in June 2019. The city had previously hosted the competition in 2010.

Tondiraba Ice Hall
The Tondiraba Ice Hall (Estonian: Tondiraba jäähall), also known as Tallinn Arena, is a multi-purpose indoor arena complex in Tallinn, Estonia. It was opened on 1 August 2014 and is owned by the City of Tallinn. It has a current capacity of 7,700 spectators. It can host among other things basketball games, ice hockey games, curling and concerts.
Étoile Filante du Togo
Étoile Filante du Togo is a professional Togolese football club based in Lomé.  Their home stadium is Stade Oscar Anthony. The club name translates as "Shooting Star of Lomé" and are known locally as "The Meteors".

Étoile Filante has won the national league championship seven times and were defeated finalists in the 1968 African Cup of Champions Clubs.

On 26 November 2011, some of the team's players were killed or injured in a bus crash near the Togolese city of Atakpame whilst travelling to a match.

Stade Oscar Anthony
Stade Oscar Anthony is a multi-use stadium in Lomé, Togo.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Étoile Filante de Lomé and AC Merland.  The stadium holds 2,000 people.
Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
Israel was set to be represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with the song "Feker Libi", written by Doron Medalie and Idan Raichel, and performed by Eden Alene. The Israeli participating broadcaster, the Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation (IPBC/Kan), collaborated with the commercial broadcaster Keshet and in collaboration with the commercial broadcaster Keshet and Tedy Productions to organise the reality singing competition HaKokhav HaBa L'Eirovizion ("The Next Star for Eurovision"). The competition was won by Alene, and a separate national final, HaShir HaBa L'Eirovizion ("The Next Song for Eurovision"), was held to select her entry. However, the contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Feker Libi
"Feker Libi" (Amharic: ፍቅር ልቤ, lit. 'My beloved') is a song recorded by Israeli singer Eden Alene, performed in English, Amharic, Hebrew and Arabic. It was planned to represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020. It would have been the first Eurovision entry to contain lyrics in Amharic.
A Brighter Summer Day
A Brighter Summer Day is a 1991 Taiwanese epic crime drama film directed by Edward Yang, associated with the New Taiwanese Cinema. Its English title is derived from the lyrics of Elvis Presley's 1960 rendition of "Are You Lonesome Tonight?". Set in the late 1950s and early '60s, the film centers on Hsiao Si’r (Chang Chen), a boy from a middle-class home who veers into juvenile delinquency.

The film was selected as the Taiwanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Academy Awards but was not nominated.

Since its release, A Brighter Summer Day has been praised as one of Yang's best works, one of the best films of the 1990s, of the 20th century and one of the greatest films of all time. It ranked 78th in the 2022 Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time poll, one of four Chinese-language films to be included, and above Yang's Yi Yi.

Edward Yang
Edward Yang (Chinese: 楊德昌; pinyin: Yáng Déchāng; November 6, 1947 – June 29, 2007) was a Taiwanese and American filmmaker. He rose to prominence as a pioneer in the Taiwanese New Wave of the 1980s, alongside fellow auteurs Hou Hsiao-hsien and Tsai Ming-liang. Yang was regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of Taiwanese cinema. He won the Best Director Award at Cannes for his 2000 film Yi Yi.
Time for the Moon Night
Time for the Moon Night is the sixth extended play (EP) by South Korean girl group GFriend. It was released by Source Music on April 30, 2018. The album contains six songs, including the single of the same name, and two instrumental tracks.

"Time for the Moon Night", written by No Joo-hwan and Lee Won-jong, is GFriend's first single not written by producer duo Iggy and Youngbae.

Time for the Moon Night (song)
"Time for the Moon Night" (Korean: 밤; RR: Bam; lit. 'Night') is a song recorded by South Korean girl group GFriend for their sixth extended play of the same name. The song was released by Source Music on April 30, 2018. It is the first and only song to achieve a "grand slam" in 2018, winning all of the six music program trophies consecutively in one week.

The song was written by No Joo-hwan and Lee Won-jong and is GFriend's first single not written by producer duo Iggy and Youngbae.
Sean Nelson (actor)
Sean Nelson (born May 9, 1980) is an American actor. Nelson began his career as a child actor, receiving notice after his film debut in Fresh (1994), as the eponymous title character.

Major roles in American Buffalo (1996) and The Wood (1999) followed, in addition to Nelson playing the recurring role of Jesse Bayliss on drama Sisters (1995−96). Nelson has continued acting in adulthood, predominantly in independent films and small roles on television.

Nelson has won an Independent Spirit Award and received a Sundance Film Festival Award, both for his role in Fresh.

The Corner
The Corner is a 2000 HBO drama television miniseries based on the nonfiction book The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood (1997) by David Simon and Ed Burns, and adapted for television by David Simon and David Mills. It premiered on HBO in the United States on April 16, 2000, and concluded its six-part run on May 21, 2000. The series was released on DVD on July 22, 2003. It won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries in 2000.

The Corner chronicles the life of a family living in poverty amid the open-air drug markets of West Baltimore. "The corner" is the junction of West Fayette Street and North Monroe Street (U.S. Route 1) (39°17′22″N 76°38′49″W﻿ / ﻿39.289372°N 76.646848°W﻿ / 39.289372; -76.646848).
Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan
Mohammad Amir Ahmad Khan (Urdu: محمد عامر احمد خان), titled the Raja of Mahmudabad (راجہ صاحب محمود آباد) (5 November 1914 – 14 October 1973), was a prominent nobleman and member of the Pakistan Movement.

The Raja of Mahmudabad was initially opposed to the partition of India and came to serve as the president of the All-India Jamhur Muslim League, which worked to oppose the idea of a possible partition on religious grounds. He came to accept the idea of a separate state for Indian Muslims and became a leader of the All India Muslim League, which heralded the Pakistan Movement.

He served as Managing Trustee from 1940–1944 of Madrasatul Waizeen, a centre of Shia Islamic education founded by his father located in Lucknow.

Madrasatul Waizeen
Madrasatul Waizeen or Madrasatul Waezeen or Madrasat al-Wa'izin (College of Preachers), founded in 1919, is an old centre of Twelver Shia education in the city of Lucknow, India. Many of the clerics attend this school after they finish their graduate educations in other Shia seminaries to strengthen their oratory and preaching skills. It is well-known for the valuable manuscripts in its library.
Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.

Piotrków Trybunalski Castle
The Piotrków Trybunalski Royal Castle is a Gothic-Renaissance structure in Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland. It was built in the form of a residential tower in the 16th century and was transformed into a museum open to the public in 1919.