hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arc length
Arc length is the distance between two points along a curve.
It can be formalized mathematically for smooth curves using vector calculus and differential geometry, or for curves that might not necessarily be smooth as a limit of lengths of polygonal chains. The curves for which this limit exists are called rectifiable curves, and the process of determining their arc length in this way is called curve rectification.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
William Fowell
William Fowell (died 23 March 1507) of Fowelscombe in the parish of Ugborough in Devon, was a Member of Parliament for Totnes in Devon in 1455.

He was the son and heir of Richard Fowell of Fowelscombe by his wife Mary Walrond, a daughter of William Walrond. He married Elinor Reynell (died 9 April 1507), a daughter of Walter Reynell (fl. 1404) of Malston in the parish of Sherford in Devon, a member of parliament for Devon in 1404. Fowell died on 23 March 1507 and his wife died 16 days later on 9 April 1507. The couple's monument survives in Ugborough Church.

Fowelscombe
Fowelscombe is a historic manor in the parish of Ugborough in Devon, England. The large ancient manor house known as Fowelscombe House survives only as an ivy-covered "romantic ruin" overgrown by trees and nettles, situated 1 mile south-east of the village of Ugborough. The ruins are a Grade II listed building.

It is believed to be one of three possible houses on which Conan Doyle based his "Baskerville Hall" in his novel The Hound of the Baskervilles, (1901–02) the others being Hayford Hall (also owned by John King (died 1861) of Fowelscombe) and Brook Manor.
Wyatt Worthington II
Wyatt Worthington II (born 1987) is an American professional golfer.

Worthington is from Reynoldsburg, Ohio and works in Gahanna, Ohio.

Worthington is a graduate of Groveport Madison High School and Methodist University.

Worthington qualified for the 2016 PGA Championship by finishing sixth at the 2016 PGA Club Professional Championship, becoming the second African American qualifier for the PGA Championship via that route. The previous African American qualifier was Tom Woodard at the 1991 PGA Championship. Worthington II also played his way into the 2022, 2023, and 2024 PGA Championships as well.

2024 PGA Championship
The 2024 PGA Championship was the 106th edition of the PGA Championship and the second of the men's four major golf championships held in 2024. It was won by Xander Schauffele. The tournament was played from May 16–19 at Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville, Kentucky, United States.
Gause, Texas
Gause is an unincorporated community in Milam County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 400 in 2000. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau first defined Gause as a census-designated place (CDP) in the 2020 census with a population of 275.

Milam County, Texas
Milam County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 24,754. The county seat is Cameron. The county was created in 1834 as a municipality in Mexico and organized as a county in 1837. Milam County is named for Benjamin Rush Milam, an early settler and a soldier in the Texas Revolution.
Triangle Township, Durham County, North Carolina
Triangle Township is one of six townships in Durham County, North Carolina, United States. The township had a population of 67,870 according to the 2000 census. The township had a population of 324,833 according to the 2020 census.

Geographically, Triangle Township occupies 73.85 square miles (191.3 km2) in southern Durham County and is the largest township in the county by land area.  The township is almost completely occupied by portions of the city of Durham, the county seat of Durham County.

Triangle Township consists of the former Patterson Township in the southwest (originally, Patterson was an Orange County township) and Cedar Fork Township in the southeast (Cedar Fork was carved from Wake County's Cedar Fork Township).

Durham County, North Carolina
Durham County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 324,833, making it the sixth-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Durham, which is the only incorporated municipality predominantly in the county, though very small portions of cities and towns mostly in neighboring counties also extend into Durham County. The central and southern parts of Durham County are highly urban, consisting of the city as well as several unincorporated suburbs. Southeastern Durham County is dominated by the Research Triangle Park, most of which is in Durham County. The northern third of Durham County is rural in nature. Durham County is the core of the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Kele Okereke
Rowland Kelechukwu Okereke ⓘ (born 13 October 1981), also known mononymously as Kele, is an English singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the indie rock band Bloc Party. Additionally, he has released six studio albums as a solo artist.

Four (Bloc Party album)
Four is the fourth studio album by British rock band Bloc Party. It was recorded in late 2011 and early 2012 at Stratosphere Sound, New York City, with producer Alex Newport. Newport also produced Wreckonomics—the EP of bassist Gordon Moakes' side project, Young Legionnaire. It was released on 20 August 2012 on independent label Frenchkiss Records, and was made available to stream the week preceding its release. The album peaked at number 3 in the UK Albums Chart, and at number 36 on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States. It is the last album featuring the original line-up with Gordon Moakes and Matt Tong.

The band recorded the album using a more guitar-oriented sound, reminiscent of their debut album, Silent Alarm.
Kaal (2005 film)
Kaal (transl. The time) is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language supernatural horror film written and directed by Soham Shah. It was jointly produced by Karan Johar and Shah Rukh Khan under their banners Dharma Productions and Red Chillies Entertainment. The film stars Ajay Devgn, John Abraham, Vivek Oberoi, Esha Deol, and Lara Dutta. It was released on 29 April 2005 and was an average success at the box office.

The story focuses on a wildlife expert, his wife, and a group of friends who battle against a mysterious entity in the fictional Orbit National Park (alluding to the world-famous Jim Corbett National Park, Nainital, Uttarakhand) for their lives while being helped by a mysterious tour guide. The film conveys a message on protecting the wildlife of India.

Dharma Productions
Dharma Productions Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian film production and distribution company established by Yash Johar in 1976. It was taken over in 2004, after his death, by his son, Karan Johar. Based in Mumbai, it mainly produces and distributes Hindi films.

In July 2016, a new sector of the company was launched called Dharma 2.0, which focuses on producing advertising commercials. Another subsidiary of the studio was created in November 2018, called Dharmatic Entertainment, which produces film and television content for online distribution platforms.
First Love (2004 Italian film)
First Love (Italian: Primo Amore) is an Italian 2004 drama film directed by Matteo Garrone and Massimo Gaudioso, loosely based on the autobiographical novel by Marco Mariolini. The film deals with anorexia nervosa.

Matteo Garrone
Matteo Garrone (born October 15, 1968) is an Italian filmmaker. His notable works include Gomorrah (2008), Reality (2012), Tale of Tales (2015), Dogman (2018), Pinocchio (2019) and Io capitano (2023). He is a ten-time David di Donatello Award (3 for Best Film, 4 for Best Director, 3 for Best Screenplay) and three-time Nastro d'Argento Award winner, among other accolades.
Louisiana Highway 37
Louisiana Highway 37 (LA 37) is a 42.7-mile-long (68.7 km) north-south state highway in Louisiana, United States, extending from Wooddale Boulevard in Baton Rouge to Louisiana Highway 10 in Greensburg. In East Baton Rouge Parish, the highway is named Greenwell Springs Road.

East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
East Baton Rouge Parish (French: Paroisse de Bâton-Rouge Est; Spanish: Parroquia del Este de Bastón Rojo) is the most populous parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its population was 456,781 at the 2020 census. The parish seat is Baton Rouge, Louisiana's state capital. East Baton Rouge Parish is located within the Greater Baton Rouge area.
The Captain (2017 film)
The Captain (German: Der Hauptmann) is a 2017 international co-produced historical drama film written and directed by Robert Schwentke. It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. It tells the story of German war criminal Willi Herold, who assumed a stolen identity as a German officer and orchestrated the killing of deserters and other prisoners at one of the Emslandlager camps.

Robert Schwentke
Robert Schwentke (German: [ˈʃvɛŋkə]; born 15 February 1968) is a German film director and screenwriter. He is best known for directing Flightplan (2005), The Time Traveler's Wife (2009), Red (2010), The Divergent Series: Insurgent (2015), The Divergent Series: Allegiant (2016), and Snake Eyes (2021).
Michael B. Hall
Michael B. Hall is an American inorganic and theoretical chemist. He obtained his B.S. degree in chemistry from Juniata College in 1966, and his Ph.D. with Richard F. Fenske at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1971.  Hall is currently a professor at Texas A&M University.

Hall was involved in the development of the Fenske-Hall method, an ab initio molecular orbital method, as well as the Couty-Hall modification to the LANL2DZ basis sets.

Richard F. Fenske
Richard Ferdinand “Dick” Fenske (May 23, 1929, in Milwaukee – December 14, 2011) was a chemist who taught at the University of Wisconsin–Madison for thirty years. He was chair of the chemistry department from 1972 until 1977 and retired from teaching in 1999.

With Michael B. Hall, he developed the Fenske-Hall method, an ab initio molecular orbital method.
The 43 Antarean Dynasties
"The 43 Antarean Dynasties" is a science fiction short story by American writer Mike Resnick, originally published in the December 1997 issue of  Asimov's Science Fiction.  It won the 1998 Hugo Award for Best Short Story. The story itself can be considered as a science fictional spin on the study of postcolonialism.

Mike Resnick
Michael Diamond Resnick (/ˈrɛznɪk/; March 5, 1942 – January 9, 2020) was an American science fiction writer and editor. He won five Hugo awards and a Nebula award, and was the guest of honor at Chicon 7. He was the executive editor of the defunct magazine Jim Baen's Universe, and the creator and editor of Galaxy's Edge magazine.
Ivaylo Cove
Ivaylo Cove (Bulgarian: Ивайлов залив, ‘Ivaylov Zaliv’ \i-'vay-lov 'za-liv\) is the 500 m wide cove indenting for 900 m the east coast of Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is bounded by the small Hall Peninsula on the west and southwest, Ogygia Island on the south and Trapecio Island on the northeast. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The cove is named after Czar Ivaylo of Bulgaria, 1277–1279.

Hall Peninsula, Snow Island
Hall Peninsula is a small ice-free peninsula on the southeast coast of Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The feature is scissors shaped with its north and south arms extending 800 m including Cacho Island and 750 m including Ogygia Island respectively, with  Ivaylo Cove lying in between. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The peninsula is named after Captain Basil Hall, RN (1788–1844), a name originally applied by James Weddell to Snow Island.
Chris Blattman
Christopher Blattman is a Canadian-American economist and political scientist working on conflict, crime, and international development. He is the Ramalee E. Pearson Professor of Global Conflict Studies at the University of Chicago's Harris School of Public Policy Studies and The Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts. He is active on Twitter as well as an early blogger on international economics and politics. He is the author of Why We Fight: The Roots of War and the Paths to Peace, published by Viking Press in 2022.

Blattman is also a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, a non-resident fellow with the Center for Global Development, and a Board Member and academic lead of the Crime and Violence Section of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab.

University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy
The University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy is the public policy graduate school of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located on the University of Chicago's main campus in Hyde Park.

The school is named after Irving B. Harris, who made a US$10 million donation that established the Harris School of Public Policy in 1988. In addition to policy studies and policy analysis, the school requires students to pursue training in economics and statistics as part of its rigorous Core Curriculum.

Harris offers joint degrees with the university's Business School, Law School, Social Work School, and the Division of the Social Sciences.

Harris is ranked third among policy analysis schools in the United States by U.S. News & World Report, and listed as the fourth best public policy institution globally in the field of economics research by RePEc.
Andrew Hughes (actor)
Andrew Hughes (アンドリュー・ヒューズ, Andoryû Hyûzu, January 16, 1908 – September 1, 1996) was a Turkish-born Australian actor and business executive best known for acting in several Japanese films. His most notable role was that of Adolf Hitler in the 1965 Japanese comedy The Crazy Adventure, which was reported to be compelling as he played him as a serious villain.

Hughes has also appeared in films such as King Kong Escapes (1967), Destroy All Monsters (1968), Tidal Wave (1973), ESPY (1974), and Sayonara Jupiter (1984). He also starred in the Hollywood films The Last Voyage (1960) and Flight from Ashiya (1964) (both partially filmed and set in Japan).

Bye-Bye Jupiter
Bye-Bye Jupiter (さよならジュピター, Sayonara Jupitā; lit. Goodbye Jupiter) is a 1984 Japanese science fiction film directed by Sakyo Komatsu and Koji Hashimoto and co-produced and written by Komatsu. An early draft of the film's story was novelized by Komatsu two years prior to its release as Sayonara Jupiter, which won the 1983 Seiun Award. Akihiko Hirata made his final film appearance in the film.
Baby I'm Bored
Baby I'm Bored is an album by Evan Dando that was released on February 25, 2003. It was his first solo studio album as well as his first LP of new songs since the release of the Lemonheads' Car Button Cloth in 1996. Elizabeth Moses, who married Dando in 2000, appears on the album's cover. Baby I'm Bored was reissued by Fire Records in June 2017, on CD and LP, with a bonus disc of rarities; the vinyl version received a special release for Record Store Day 2017.

Evan Dando
Evan Griffith Dando (born March 4, 1967) is an American musician and the frontman of the rock band the Lemonheads. He has also embarked on a solo career and collaborated on songs with various artists. In December 2015, Dando was inducted into the Boston Music Awards Hall of Fame.
Dominion, Maryland
Dominion is an unincorporated community located in Kent Island (the largest island in the Chesapeake Bay) which is in Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States. Dominion is located along Maryland Route 552, 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Chester.

Queen Anne's County, Maryland
Queen Anne's County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 49,874. Its county seat and most populous municipality is Centreville. The census-designated place of Stevensville is the county's most populous place with a population of 7,442 as of 2020. The county is named for Queen Anne of Great Britain, who reigned when the county was established in 1706 during the colonial period. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

Queen Anne's County is included in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, and is the easternmost in both.

Chesapeake Bay Bridge connects Kent Island in Queen Anne's County across Chesapeake Bay to Anne Arundel County. The American Discovery Trail runs through the county.
Abbotts Creek (North Carolina)
Abbotts Creek starts in Kernersville, NC in Forsyth County and flows into High Rock Lake near Lexington, NC in Davidson County just north of Hwy 47. The section of High Rock Lake that is officially Abbotts Creeks ends near the Hwy 8 causeway, in Southmont, NC.

The median flow at Lexington ranges from 50 to 200 cubic feet per second. While it only provides a relatively small amount of water that enters the lake, it provides a significant fraction of the total surface area of the lake and hosts a large community of lake front homes, as well as provides significant habitat for fish and wildlife. The upper sections of the lake at Abbotts Creek do not have lake front properties and are considered prime area for sports fishing, particularly largemouth bass and catfish.

The lake, up to the high water mark is under the control of Alcoa and is managed under contract granted by the US government.

Forsyth County, North Carolina
Forsyth County (/foʊrˈsaɪθ/ fohr-SYTH) is a county located in the northwest Piedmont of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 382,590, making it the fourth-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Winston-Salem. Forsyth County is part of the Winston-Salem, NC, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC, Combined Statistical Area. Portions of Forsyth County are in the Yadkin Valley wine region.
Kalambo District
Kalambo District is one of the four districts of the Rukwa Region of Tanzania, East Africa.  The administrative seat is in Matai.  The Kalambo River flows through the district and its mouth on Lake Tanganyika is about 15 km (9.3 mi) south of the town of Kasanga.

Kalambo District Council was officially established on 23 December 2012 after it was split off from the Sumbawanga District Council. Moshi Chang'a was the first District Commissioner, who served until his death in an auto accident in April 2014.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of Igunga District was 316,783 in 2022.

Rukwa Region
Rukwa Region (Mkoa wa Rukwa in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions  The region covers a land area of 27,765 km2 (10,720 sq mi), which is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Haiti. Rukwa Region is bordered to the north by Katavi Region, to the east by Songwe Region, to the south by the nation of Zambia and to the west by Lake Tanganyika, which forms a border between Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The regional capital is the municipality of Sumbawanga. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 1,540,519.
Ammi majus
Ammi majus, commonly called  bishop's flower, false bishop's weed, laceflower, bullwort, etc., is a member of the carrot family Apiaceae. The plant, which has white lace-like flower clusters, has a large distribution through Southern Europe, North Africa and West and Central Asia, though it is hypothesized to be native to the Nile River Valley.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Bad Lauchstädt
Bad Lauchstädt (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈlaʊxʃtɛt] ⓘ; until 1925 Lauchstädt), officially the Goethe Town of Bad Lauchstädt (German: Goethestadt Bad Lauchstädt), is a town in the district Saalekreis, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, 13 km southwest of Halle. Population 8,781 (2020).

In January 2008, Bad Lauchstädt incorporated the former municipalities Schafstädt, Delitz am Berge and Klobikau. On 1 January 2010 Milzau was also incorporated, disbanding the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Bad Lauchstädt. Bad Lauchstädt, Delitz am Berge, Klobikau, Milzau and Schafstädt are now Ortschaften or municipal divisions of the town Bad Lauchstädt.

Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt
Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt (26 October 1657 – 1 July 1690) was a German prince.  He was a member of the House of Wettin.

He was born in Merseburg, the fifth but third surviving son of Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg and Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
Girondin constitutional project
The Girondin constitutional project, presented to the French National Convention on 15 and 16 February 1793 by Nicolas de Caritat, formerly the Marquis de Condorcet, is composed of three parts:

An Exposition of the Principles and Motives of the Constitutional Scheme, approx. 80 pages

A Draft Declaration of the Natural, Civil, and Political Rights of Man, in 33 articles

A Draft French Constitution, in 13 titles

The work was signed by the eight members of the Convention's Constitution Committee: Condorcet, Gensonné, Barrère, Barbaroux, Paine, Pétion, Vergniaud and Sieyès.

Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve (French pronunciation: [ʒeʁom petjɔ̃ də vilnœv]; 3 January 1756 – 18 June 1794) was a French writer and politician who served as the second mayor of Paris, from 1791 to 1792, and the first regular president of the National Convention in 1792. During the French Revolution, he was associated with the moderate Girondins, and voted against the immediate execution of Louis XVI at the king's trial in January 1793, though he supported a suspended sentence. This led to Pétion's proscription by the Convention alongside other Girondin deputies following the radical insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793, and ultimately his suicide together with fellow-Girondin François Buzot while evading arrest during the Terror.