hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whipple's index
Whipple's index (or index of concentration), invented by American demographer George Chandler Whipple (1866–1924), is a method to measure the tendency for individuals to inaccurately report their actual age or date of birth. Respondents to a census or other survey sometimes report their age or date of birth as a round number (typically ending in 0 and 5), or to be more culturally favorable, for example, so that they appear younger or to have been born on a date considered luckier than their actual date of birth. The process of reporting a rounded or “lucky” age is known as age-heaping.

George C. Whipple
George Chandler Whipple (March 2, 1866 – November 27, 1924) was an American civil engineer and an expert in the field of sanitary microbiology. His career extended from 1889 to 1924 and he is best known as a co-founder of the Harvard School of Public Health.  Whipple published some of the most important books in the early history of public health and applied microbiology.
English Phonotypic Alphabet
The English Phonotypic Alphabet is a phonetic alphabet developed by Sir Isaac Pitman and Alexander John Ellis originally as an English language spelling reform. Although never gaining wide acceptance, elements of it were incorporated into the modern International Phonetic Alphabet.

It was originally published in June 1845. Subsequently, adaptations were published which extended the alphabet to the German, Arabic, Spanish, Tuscan, French, Welsh, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese and Sanskrit languages.

26 EPA letters are in the pipeline for publication by Unicode in 2026.

Isaac Pitman
Sir Isaac Pitman (4 January 1813 – 22 January 1897) was an English publisher and teacher of the English language who developed the most widely used system of shorthand, known now as Pitman shorthand. He first proposed this in Stenographic Soundhand in 1837. He was vice-president of the Vegetarian Society. Pitman was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1894.
Jessica Dismorr
Jessica Stewart Dismorr (3 March 1885 – 29 August 1939) was an English painter and illustrator. Dismorr participated in almost all of the avant-garde groups active in London between 1912 and 1937 and was one of the few English painters of the 1930s to work in a completely abstract manner. She was one of only two women members of the Vorticist movement and also exhibited with the Allied Artists Association, the Seven and Five Society and the London Group. She was the only female contributor to Group X and displayed abstract works at the 1937 Artists' International Association exhibition. Poems and illustrations by Dismorr appeared in several avant-garde publications including Blast, Rhythm and an edition of Axis.

Vorticism
Vorticism was a London-based modernist art movement formed in 1914 by the writer and artist Wyndham Lewis. The movement was partially inspired by Cubism and was introduced to the public by means of the publication of the Vorticist manifesto in Blast magazine. Familiar forms of representational art were rejected in favour of a geometric style that tended towards a hard-edged abstraction. Lewis proved unable to harness the talents of his disparate group of avant-garde artists; however, for a brief period Vorticism proved to be an exciting intervention and an artistic riposte to Marinetti's Futurism and the Post-Impressionism of Roger Fry's Omega Workshops.

Vorticist paintings emphasised 'modern life' as an array of bold lines and harsh colours drawing the viewer's eye into the centre of the canvas and vorticist sculpture created energy and intensity through 'direct carving'.
Alipurduar Government Engineering and Management College
Alipurduar Government Engineering and Management College is a Public Engineering college in Kamakhyaguri, Alipurduar, West Bengal. It was established in 2023 by the Government of West Bengal, which is the first engineering college in Alipurduar district. The institution is regulated, operated and administered by the Government of West Bengal. Nearest town is Uttar Kamakhyaguri

It is a four-year undergraduate institution, which enrolls 180 students each year. It offers 4 undergraduate (B.Tech.) engineering degree courses affiliated to the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology.

Alipurduar
Alipurduar (Bengali pronunciation: [alipurduar]), is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Alipurduar district and Alipurduar railway division of NFR. It is situated in the Western Dooars natural region, on the banks of Kaljani River in the foothills of the Himalayas. The city is a gateway to Bhutan.
2004 World's Strongest Man
The 2004 World's Strongest Man was the 27th edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Vasyl Virastyuk from Ukraine. It was his first title after finishing third the previous year. Zydrunas Savickas from Lithuania finished second for the third year in a row. Originally Mariusz Pudzianowski from Poland finished third, but was later disqualified after testing positive for a banned substance, thus third place was given to Magnus Samuelsson from Sweden. The contest was held in Nassau, Bahamas. The qualifying heats saw a major format change, going from the traditional 5-6 man heats with the top 2 going to the finals. This year's format was a 12-man round-robin competition taking place over 5 days, with the top six going onto the finals.

Žydrūnas Savickas
Žydrūnas Savickas (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ʑiːˈdrûːnɐs sɐˈvʲɪtskɐs]; born July 15, 1975) is a Lithuanian former professional strongman and powerlifter. Throughout a career which spanned nearly three decades, he competed in and won 79 international competitions, 5 international masters competitions and 36 national competitions. This included four World's Strongest Man titles, two IFSA Strongman World Championship's, six IFSA Grand Prix wins, three Europe's Strongest Man titles, a Fortissimus title, six Giants Live wins, seventeen Lithuania's Strongest Man titles, a record thirty four Strongman Champions League wins and a record eight Arnold Strongman Classic titles.

With 75 world records, particularly in events such as deadlift, squat, and overhead pressing, including a sixteen-year reign as the log lift world record holder and seven World Log Lift Championship titles, he is the most decorated strongman in history and is widely regarded as the greatest of all time.
Joel Robinson
Joel Robinson is a fictional character featured in the American science fiction comedy television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K). He was portrayed by series creator Joel Hodgson. If counting the locally-produced episodes, Joel Robinson is the show's longest-tenured host with 107 episodes (86 if not counting the aforementioned episodes) on television. He also returned as an occasional host in the online Season 13.

Joel Hodgson
Joel Gordon Hodgson (born February 20, 1960) is an American writer, comedian, and television actor. He is the creator and star of the television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K). In 2007, MST3K was listed as "one of the top 100 television shows of all time" by Time.

From 2007 to 2013, Hodgson was part of the "movie riffing" project Cinematic Titanic with several of his fellow MST3K alumni, performing live and producing content for DVDs and direct download. He has been the creative lead for media at Cannae, a technology firm in Doylestown, Pennsylvania north of Philadelphia.
Peter Lamarque
Peter Vaudreuil Lamarque (/ləˈmɑːrk/; born 21 May 1948) is a British aesthethician and philosopher of art, working in the analytic tradition. Since 2000, he has been a professor of philosophy at the University of York. He is known primarily for his work in philosophy of literature and on the role of emotions in fiction.

British Journal of Aesthetics
The British Journal of Aesthetics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering philosophical aesthetics and the philosophy of art. It was established in 1960 and is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society of Aesthetics. The first issue was edited by Harold Osborne in November 1960. The journal was originally published by Routledge and then by Thames & Hudson, before switching to its current publisher in 1975.
Harold Spivacke
Harold Spivacke (July 18, 1904 – May 9, 1977) was an American music librarian and administrator. He was Chief of the Music Division of the Library of Congress from 1937 to 1972. In 1940 he co-founded the National Music Council with Julia Ober, Franklin Dunham, and Edwin Hughes.

National Music Council
The National Music Council of the United States is an organization listed under Title 36 of the United States Code, founded in 1940 and chartered by the 84th Congress in 1956. The Council is composed of organizations of national scope interested in the development of music in the country. It represents the country to the International Music Council of UNESCO.
Kattukkaran Varunny Joseph
Kattukkaran Varunny Joseph (also known as Jose Kattookkaran and shortly, Kattukkaran Varunny) who is known as "Father of Malayalam cinema and theater industry"  was an industrialist who established the former film exhibiting company in Kerala named Royal Exhibitors. He started Jos Theatre in Thrissur which is the first permanent theatre in Kerala and Davison Theatre in Kozhikode under Royal Exhibitors. He had established the first electrically operated film projector Jose Electrical Bioscope at Ollur, Thrissur city in 1913.

Jos Theatre
Jos Theatre is the first permanent movie theatre in Kerala, India. Located in Swaraj Round in Thrissur city, it was built by Kattukkaran Varunny Joseph, the first man to screen the film in Kerala. The movie theatre was earlier known as Jose Electrical Bioscope. It was Kerala’s first permanent brick‑and‑mortar cinema hall and remains in continuous operation under the ownership of its founder's descendants.
Angelo Cardona
Angelo Cardona (born 5 January 1997)  is a Colombian social entrepreneur, diplomat, and human rights activist. He serves as coordinator of Latin America and Representative of the International Peace Bureau to the United Nations. He is also Co-founder and executive director of the Ibero-American Alliance for Peace. In 2021, he won The Diana Award.

Ibero-American Alliance for Peace
The Ibero-American Alliance for Peace (Spanish: Alianza Iberoamericana por la Paz) is an international non-governmental organization working to promote peacebuilding, human rights and disarmament in the Ibero-American region. Co-founded in 2016 by Angelo Cardona and Maria Teresa Barrios  in Berlin during the world congress 'Disarm for a Climate of Peace' of the International Peace Bureau. Initially the coalition was the International Peace Bureau Youth Network (IPBYN) for the region of Latin America known under the name of Latin American Youth Network for Peace'
Battle of Goodenough Island
The Battle of Goodenough Island (22–27 October 1942), also known as Operation Drake, was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. The Allies landed on Goodenough Island, Papua, and clashed with a Japanese Kaigun Rikusentai (Special Naval Landing Force). The Japanese troops had been stranded on the island during the Battle of Milne Bay in late August 1942. "Drake Force", consisting of the Australian 2/12th Battalion and attachments, landed on the southern tip of Goodenough Island at Mud Bay and Taleba Bay on 22 October, tasked with denying the Japanese use of the island prior to the Buna campaign. Following a short but intense fight, the Japanese forces withdrew to Fergusson Island on 27 October. After the battle, Goodenough Island was developed into a major Allied base for operations later in the war.

Mud Bay, Goodenough Island
Mud Bay is a bay on the south eastern coast of Goodenough Island in the Milne Bay province of Papua New Guinea.

In 1898, a mission station was established the village of Bwaidoga. The bay was the site of the landing of 520 troops of the Australian Army's 2/12th Infantry Battalion led by Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Arnold on 22 October 1942 as part of the Battle of Goodenough Island.
Imno, Goleniów County
Imno [ˈimnɔ] (German: Immenthal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goleniów, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Goleniów and 28 km (17 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has an approximate population of 60.

Gmina Goleniów
Gmina Goleniów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Goleniów, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 443.06 square kilometres (171.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 33,137 (out of which the population of Goleniów amounts to 22,448, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,689).
Steven Pemberton
Steven Pemberton is a researcher affiliated with the Distributed and Interactive Systems group at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), the national research institute for mathematics and computer science in the Netherlands.

He was one of the designers of ABC, a programming language released in 1987, and editor-in-chief of the Special Interest Group on Computer–Human Interaction (SIGCHI)'s Bulletin from 1993-1999 and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)'s Interactions from 1998-2004.

ACM Interactions
ACM Interactions  magazine is a publication covering a number of related worlds, offering content to educate and inspire designers, providing viewpoints related to culture and anthropology, describing innovation and creation in a business environment, and continually investigating the relationship between people, experiences, and technology.  Its publisher is the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), which has its headquarters in New York City.
Mass in G major, K. 49
Mozart's Mass in G major, K. 49/47d), is his first full mass. It is a missa brevis scored for SATB soloists and choir, violin I and II, viola, and basso continuo.

Mozart wrote the Mass in G major at the age of 12. It was however neither his first setting of a part of the mass ordinary – two years earlier he had already composed a Kyrie (K. 33) —, nor was it his largest composition with a religious theme up to date: his sacred musical play Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots had been premiered in the previous year.

Missa brevis
Missa brevis (Latin for 'short Mass'; plural: Missae breves) usually refers to a Mass composition that is short because part of the text of the Mass ordinary that is usually set to music in a full Mass is left out, or because its execution time is relatively short.
P-90
The P-90 (sometimes written P90) is a single-coil electric guitar pickup produced by Gibson Guitar Corporation since 1946, as well as other vendors. Compared to other single coil designs, such as the Fender single coil, the bobbin for a P-90 is deeper but narrower. The Fender-style single-coil is wound in a taller bobbin, but the wires are closer to the individual poles. This makes the P-90 produce a tone seen as a midpoint for pickups: "Sharper" than humbuckers, but with less top-end than single-coils. As with other single-coil pickups, the P-90 is subject to AC-hum unless some form of cancelation is used.

Gibson ES-150
The Gibson ES-150 is a pioneering electric guitar produced by  Gibson Guitar Corporation.  Introduced in 1936, it is generally recognized as the world's first commercially successful Spanish-style electric guitar. The ES stands for Electric Spanish, and Gibson designated it "150" because they priced it (in an instrument/amplifier/cable bundle) at around $150 (equivalent to $3,400 in 2024). The particular sound of the instrument came from a combination of the specific bar-style pickup and its placement, and the guitar's overall construction.

Unlike the usual acoustic guitars in jazz bands of the period, it was loud enough to take a more prominent position in ensembles. Upon its debut it immediately became popular with such notable guitar players as Charlie Christian, spreading its renown. Gibson produced the guitar with minor variations until 1940, when the ES-150 designation (the "V2") denoted a model with a different construction and pickup.
Harvey Summit
Harvey Summit (78°18′52″S 162°18′09″E﻿ / ﻿78.3144444°S 162.3025°E﻿ / -78.3144444; 162.3025﻿ (Harvey Summit)) is a peak 2,644 metres (8,675 ft) high at the head of McDermott Glacier in the Royal Society Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after John W. Harvey of the National Solar Observatory who, along with Thomas L. Duvall, Jr. and Martin A. Pomerantz, conducted research in helioseismology at the South Pole for some years from 1980 onwards.

John W. Harvey
John W. Harvey is an American solar physicist known for his work at the National Solar Observatory, where he started working in 1969. He has also worked at the Global Oscillation Network Group. Harvey won a Arctowski Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 2011 for his contributions to the "understanding the Sun's magnetic fields and its interior structure". He won the George Ellery Hale Prize of 1999, also for his contributions to the understanding of the Sun. The Harvey Summit was named after him.
Niilam Paanchal
Niilam Paanchal (also spelled Nilam Panchal or Neelam Panchal) is an Indian film and television actress. She appeared in several television series including Hamari Devrani, Ruk Jaana Nahin, Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera, Lajwanti, and Ishqbaaaz. She acted in the 2019 Gujarati film Hellaro, for which she won Special Jury Award at the 66th National Film Awards.

Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera
Ek Veer Ki Ardaas... Veera (transl. A Brother's Prayer... Veera) is an Indian television soap opera that aired on StarPlus and streams on Hotstar, produced under Yash Patnik's Beyond Dream Production. The series premiered on 29 October 2012 and ended on 8 August 2015. It initially starred child actors Harshita Ojha and Bhavesh Balchandani and after a 15-year leap, the series starred Digangana Suryavanshi, Shivin Narang, Vishal Vashishtha, and Farnaz Shetty.
Mark Cohen (American football)
Mark Cohen (born 1970) is an English former American football wide receiver who played in the British, Danish, German and Finnish leagues. He is considered by some as one of the best players in British history.

Coventry Jets
The Coventry Jets were an American football team based in Coventry, England.The  club ceased to exist in 2018 and dropped out of the BAFA National Leagues with all club assets and teams being moved over to the Etone Jaguars based in Nuneaton, Warwickshire.

The Jets were first established and named as the Bears in 1985 and merged in 1991 with the Walsall Titans. After a couple other name changes the Jets were reformed in 2004 and have competed in six BAFANL bowl games, including four consecutive BritBowl appearances from 2007 to 2010 and a BritBowl championship in 2008.
HIT: The Second Case
HIT: The Second Case is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language crime thriller film written and directed by Sailesh Kolanu. Produced by Wall Poster Cinema, it is the second instalment in the HIT film series following HIT: The First Case (2020). The film stars Adivi Sesh, Meenakshi Chaudhary, Suhas and Rao Ramesh. In the film, a police officer in the Andhra Pradesh state Homicide Intervention Team (HIT) investigates gruesome cases involving dismembered bodies of women.

HIT: The Second Case was released worldwide on 2 December 2022 in theatres. The film received positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success at the box office. A standalone sequel, HIT: The Third Case, was released on 1 May 2025.

HIT (film series)
HIT is an Indian crime thriller film series created by Sailesh Kolanu. The title is an acronym for "Homicide Intervention Team".

The first film, HIT: The First Case, was released on 28 February 2020, the second, HIT: The Second Case, on 2 December 2022, and the third, HIT: The Third Case, on 1 May 2025. It is currently the 6th highest-grossing Telugu film series worldwide.
Nakano Broadway
Nakano Broadway (中野ブロードウェイ) is a shopping mall in Nakano, Tokyo. Founded in 1966 as a luxury shopping complex, it has become a popular destination for goods aimed at otaku (hobbyists and enthusiasts, particularly those of anime and manga).

Mandarake
Mandarake Inc. (Japanese: まんだらけ) is a Japanese retail corporation that operates a chain of used good stores. Founded as a used bookstore specializing in manga in 1980, Mandarake incorporated in 1987 and currently operates 11 retail locations and one fulfillment center. The company focuses on the purchase and sale of a wide range of collectables and otaku-related goods, including anime- and manga-related items, DVDs, CDs, toys, figurines, trading cards, video games, cosplay items, animation cels, and dōjinshi (self-published works).
Uzo Uwani
Uzo-Uwani is a Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria bordering Kogi State and Anambra State. Its headquarters is in the town of Umulokpa. It has an area of 855 km2 and a population of 124,480 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 411.

Local government areas of Nigeria
Nigeria has 768 local government areas (LGAs) and 6 Area Councils, making 774 LGA each administered by a local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government, the third tier of government in Nigeria, below the state governments and the federal government.
Himley Cricket Club
Himley Cricket Club is an amateur cricket club in Himley, South Staffordshire.

Founded in 1883, their 1st XI is currently in the Birmingham and District Premier League Premier Division, and their 2nd XI in the first division. They run 3 further sides on Saturdays,  2 in the Worcestershire County League and 1 in the Staffordshire Club Cricket Championship.

The club reached the National Village Championship Knock-out Final at Lord’s in 1988 playing against Goatacre Cricket Club from Wiltshire.

Himley
Himley is a small village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Dudley and 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Wolverhampton. At the 2011 Census, it had a population of 802. Himley Hall was the home of the Lords of Dudley.
József Batthyány
Josef Batthyány (Hungarian: Batthyány József, Vienna, 30 January 1727 - Pressburg, 23 October 1799), was a Hungarian nobleman, Cardinal and patron of the arts from the Batthyány family.

He was Archbishop of Esztergom, Cardinal and Prince Primate of Hungary, and as such crowned both Leopold II and his son and successor Francis II as King of Hungary. The cardinal was one of Maria Theresa's personal advisors and was considered a mediator and reconciler within the Kingdom of Hungary.

Batthyány
The House of Batthyány (Hungarian: [ˈbɒccaːɲi]) is an ancient and distinguished Hungarian noble magnate family. The Head of the family bears the title Prince (Fürst) of Batthyány-Strattmann, while other members of this family bear the title Count/Countess (Graf/Gräfin) Batthyány von Német-Ujvar respectively. A branch of the family (Croatian: Baćan) was notable in Bosnia and Croatia as well, producing several Bans (viceroys) of Jajce in the 15th and 16th century and later Bans of Croatia in the 16th, 17th and 18th century.