hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 Victorian Liberal Party leadership spills
The 2021 Victorian Liberal Party leadership spills were two spill motions on 16 March and 7 September 2021 against the leader of the Victorian Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition Michael O'Brien, who had held these roles since December 2018. The September spill motion was successful and resulted in a ballot to elect the new party leader and deputy party leader on the same day. Former leader, Matthew Guy, was elected unopposed as the party leader and Leader of the Opposition. Caulfield MP David Southwick defeated Louise Staley in the Deputy Leadership contest and was elected Deputy Leader, replacing Cindy McLeish who had been elected alongside O'Brien in 2018.

David Southwick
David James Southwick (born 31 March 1968) is an Australian Liberal politician, and has been the member for Caulfield in the Victorian Legislative Assembly since 2010. Southwick has been the Parliamentary Secretary for Police and Emergency Services. He has also held positions of Shadow Minister for Police and Corrections, Crime Prevention, Youth and Youth Justice, Trade and Investment, Shadow Minister for Transport Infrastructure, Shadow Minister for Major Projects, and Shadow Minister for Cost of Living. As of November 2025, Southwick is the Shadow Minister for Planning and the Shadow Minister for Housing and Building. From 7 September 2021 until 27 December 2024, Southwick was the Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party in Victoria. As of January 2026, he is currently serving as deputy leader.
Complex Systems (journal)
Complex Systems is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering subjects ranging across a number of scientific and engineering fields, including computational biology, computer science, mathematics, and physics. It was established in 1987 with Stephen Wolfram as founding editor-in-chief. The journal is published by Complex Systems Publications.

Stephen Wolfram
Stephen Wolfram (/ˈwʊlfrəm/ WUUL-frəm; born 29 August 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman. He is known for his work in computer algebra and theoretical physics. In 2012, he was named a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

As a businessman, Wolfram is the founder and CEO of the software company Wolfram Research, where he works as chief designer of Mathematica and the Wolfram Alpha answer engine.
Geoff Lee
Geoffrey Lee (born c. 1967) is a former Australian politician. He was the Minister for Corrections in the second Perrottet ministry between December 2021 and March 2023. He has previously served as the Minister for Skills and Tertiary Education in the second Berejiklian and Perrottet ministries between April 2019 and December 2021. Lee was also a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Parramatta for the Liberal Party since 2011 until his retirement in 2023.

Electoral district of Parramatta
Parramatta is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was won by Donna Davis of the Labor Party in the 2023 NSW state election.

Parramatta is an urban electorate in Sydney's inner north-west, roughly analogous to the City of Parramatta.
Josefa Rika
Josefa Falani Rika (9 November 1987 – 3 February 2020) was a Fijian cricket player and coach. He played for the Fiji national cricket team from 2006 to 2015. He captained Fiji in several international tournaments and also worked for Cricket Fiji in coaching and development roles.

Fiji national cricket team
The Fiji national cricket team is the men's team that represents Fiji in international cricket. Fiji has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1965, although the team's history goes back to the late 19th century.

In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Fiji and other ICC members since 1 January 2019 have the T20I status.
Orchids of Manipur (film)
Orchids of Manipur (Meiteilon: Manipurgi Urei) is a 1993 non-feature Manipuri film scripted by M. K. Binodini Devi and directed by Aribam Syam Sharma. It was produced by Sh. Tomchou Singh under the banner of Manipur Film Development Corporation (MFDC) Limited. The film was screened at the second edition of Fragrances from the North East 2014, a three-day festival of cinema from the northeast.

It was screened at the Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival 2019, Japan. The film also participated in International Wildlife Film Festival 1994, Morocco.

In 2025, the digitally remastered version of the film was selected for screening at the 7th Manipur Sangai Film Festival.

M. K. Binodini Devi
Maharaj Kumari Binodini Devi (born Sana Wangol; 6 February 1922 – 17 January 2011), known as M.K. Binodini Devi and henceforth referred to as MK Binodini or Binodini, the mononym that she wrote under, was a writer, social activist and princess of Manipur. She worked in multiple genres, including fiction, essays, drama, screenplays, lyrics, and ballet scripts often addressing themes such as  patriarchy and colonialism in Manipuri society. She received the Padma Shri in 1976 (returned 2001), and her historical novel Boro Saheb Ongbi Sanatombi (1976) won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1979. The novel was subsequently translated into English as The Princess and the Political Agent and published as a Penguin Modern Classic in 2020.
Frida (opera)
Frida is a 1991 opera based on the life of Mexican painter Frida Kahlo with music by Robert Xavier Rodriguez, book by Hilary Blecher, lyrics and monologues by Migdalia Cruz, conceived by Hilary Blecher.

Prince Music Theater
The Prince Music Theater was a non-profit theatrical producing organization located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and specializing in music theatre, including opera, music drama, musical comedy and experimental forms. Founded in 1984 as the American Music Theater Festival by Marjorie Samoff, Eric Salzman and Ron Kaiserman, for the first 15 years AMTF performed in various venues throughout Philadelphia. In March 1999, AMTF moved into the renovated Midtown Theater and changed its name in honor of Broadway producer and director Harold Prince. AMTF/Prince Theater produced 92 world premieres and sent 81 productions to theaters in New York and worldwide.
Capas National Shrine
The Capas National Shrine (Filipino: Pambansang Dambana ng Capas) in Barangay Aranguren, Capas, Tarlac, Philippines was built by the Philippine government as a memorial to Allied soldiers who were interned at Camp O'Donnell at the end of the Bataan Death March during the Second World War.

The site, which was the former concentration camp for the Allied prisoners, is a focus for commemorations on Araw ng Kagitingan (Valour Day), an annual observance held on 9 April—the anniversary of the surrender of US and Philippine forces to Imperial Japan in 1942. There is also a memorial inside the site to the Czechs who died fighting alongside the Filipino and US soldiers.

Capas
Capas, officially the Municipality of Capas (Kapampangan: Balen ning Capas;  
Tagalog: Bayan ng Capas), is a municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 162,724 people.

It is one of the richest towns in the province. The town also consists of numerous subdivisions and exclusive villages.

Capas is known as the “Tourism Capital of Tarlac." Apart from being known as the final site of the infamous Bataan Death March, it is also known for Mount Pinatubo treks, where thousands of mountaineers and visitors go. The town has some industrial factories like the PilMiCo.
Kaharpur
Kaharpur is a village located in the Bihpur block of Bhagalpur district in Bihar, India. It is situated 5 km away from sub-district headquarter Bihpur and 37 km away from district headquarter Bhagalpur. It comes under Hario Panchayat.

Bihpur (community development block)
Bihpur is a block in Bhagalpur district of Bihar, India. It is one of sixteen blocks under Bhagalpur district. According to Census 2011 , the sub-district code of Bihpur Block (CD) is 01330.It lies in the Anga Region of Bihar.
O Porinetia To Tatou Ai'a
‘O Pōrīnetia To Tātou ‘Ai‘a ("Polynesia, a Homeland for us all") was a French Polynesian anti-independence political party founded by Gaston Tong Sang on 1 October 2007 after he split from his former party, the Tāhō‘ēra‘a Huira‘atira. It had six members in the French Polynesian assembly, all former Taheora'a Huiraatira members.

It presented a joint list called "To Tātou ‘Ai‘a" (Homeland for us all) together with other autonomist parties in the January 2008 elections.

The party merged with others to form A Tia Porinetia ahead of the 2013 elections.

Gaston Tong Sang
Gaston Tong Sang (born 7 August 1949 in Bora Bora) is a French Polynesian politician and is the former President of French Polynesia. He served terms as President of French Polynesia from November 2009 until April 2011, from April 2008 until February 2009 and from December 2006 until September 2007; he is currently (since 1989) the Mayor of Bora-Bora. He is of Chinese descent, and is a founding member of French Polynesia's pro-French Tahoera'a Huiraatira political party.
Go Vegan
Go Vegan Radio is a one-hour talk radio program hosted by Bob Linden.  The show airs in the United States on terrestrial radio via the Clear Channel network on Green 960 AM in San Francisco and K-TALK 1150 AM in Los Angeles, CA every Sunday between 3 pm and 4 pm Pacific Time (5 pm – 6 pm ET). The show is also accessible via download, live stream and free podcast at Go Vegan Radio's webpage. The show has been the subject of a full-page article written by Pulitzer Prize–winning Los Angeles Times media critic Howard Rosenberg and has been featured as "Radio Show of the Week" in the Los Angeles Daily News. Go Vegan is produced by GoVeganRadio.com, a project of 501(c)3 non-profit public charity the International Humanities Center.

Bob Linden
Bob Linden is the creator, executive producer and host of Go Vegan Radio, a one-hour talk radio program dedicated to topics including veganism, animal rights and environmentalism. Linden is also an events organizer and professional promoter. Linden played a major role in the conception, development and promotion of Vegan Earth Day Events, San Diego Fall-Fest, which he has also emceed. He has served as Media Coordinator for the Farm Animal Rights Movement (FARM) and the Great American Meatout.
New Kind of Feeling
New Kind of Feeling is the fifteenth studio album by Canadian country and pop vocalist Anne Murray, released in 1979 on Capitol Records. The recording continued her chart success from the previous year's Let's Keep It That Way, with the newer album hitting #2 and #23 on the United States Country and Pop album charts, respectively. It was certified platinum by the RIAA. The album was produced by Jim Ed Norman.

In her native Canada, New Kind of Feeling hit #1 on the Country album charts, and number 6 on the Pop album charts.  In the United States, both of the album's singles, "Shadows in the Moonlight" and "I Just Fall in Love Again", topped the Country and Adult Contemporary charts.  Both tracks were big Pop hits as well, with "Shadows in the Moonlight" reaching number 25, and "I Just Fall in Love Again" reaching number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100.  It stands as one of Murray's biggest career albums.

Jim Ed Norman
Jim Ed Norman (born October 16, 1948) is an American musician, record producer, arranger and label-head. As an arranger and producer, he was one of the principal architects of the distinctive sound of West Coast 1970s pop and country rock. He was President of Warner Bros. Nashville from 1984 to 2004.
Cristián Viel
Cristián Enrique Viel Temperley (born 4 November 1967) is a former Argentine rugby union player. He played as a flanker.

Viel played for Club Newman in the Nacional de Clubes of Argentina.

He had 26 caps for Argentina, from 1993 to 1997, scoring 3 tries, 15 points on aggregate. He was called for the 1995 Rugby World Cup, playing in three games but without scoring.

Club Newman
Club Newman is an Argentine amateur sports club located in the city of Benavídez of Tigre Partido, Greater Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its rugby union team, which currently plays in the Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system.

Newman's facilities also host other sports such as field hockey, football, golf, paddle tennis, show jumping, squash, and tennis.
Lofa-Mano National Park
The Lofa-Mano National Park is a proposed national park in Liberia. It was proposed in 1979. This site is 2,300 square kilometres (890 sq mi). The park was proposed to protect an area of unexploited forest in the north-west of the country, bordering Sierra Leone, an area described ecologically at the time as "certainly the most abundant in Liberia". The national park area would complement the adjoining Gola Forest area of Sierra Leone.

Gola Rainforest National Park
The Gola Rainforest National Park (GRNP) protects Sierra Leone's largest tract of rainforest. It covers 71,070 ha in the east of the country. It forms part of the Upper Guinea Forest, a biodiversity hotspot that stretches from Guinea to Togo.
Trikolonoi
Trikolonoi (Greek: Τρικόλωνοι) is a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Gortynia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 102.031 km2. The municipal unit includes the villages of Stemnitsa (the former municipal seat), Syrna, Pavlia, Palamari, Psari, Ano Kalyvia and Elliniko. Trikolonoi is located southeast of Dimitsana, west of Tripoli and north of Megalopoli. The place takes its name from the ancient town of Tricoloni.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
Mitridate Eupatore
Il Mitridate Eupatore (Mithridates Eupator) is an opera seria in five acts by the Italian composer Alessandro Scarlatti with a libretto by Girolamo Frigimelica Roberti based on Electra (Sophocles) by Sophocles and Electra (Euripides) by Euripides. It was first performed, with the composer conducting, at the Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo, Venice, on 5 January 1707. A failure at its premiere, Mitridate Eupatore is now considered one of the finest of Scarlatti's operas.

Mithridates VI Eupator
Mithridates or Mithradates VI Eupator (Ancient Greek: Μιθριδάτης; 135–63 BC) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus in northern Anatolia from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the Roman Republic's most formidable and determined opponents. He sought to dominate Asia Minor and the Black Sea region, waging several hard-fought but ultimately unsuccessful wars (the Mithridatic Wars) to break Roman dominion over Asia and the Hellenic world. He has been called the greatest ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus. He cultivated an immunity to poisons by regularly ingesting sub-lethal doses; this practice, now called mithridatism, is named after him. After his death, he became known as Mithridates the Great. He claimed to be a descendant of Darius the Great.
Madeleine Rees
Madeleine Selina Rees, OBE is a British lawyer and former Secretary General of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She has spoken out against human rights abuses in Bosnia by peacekeepers and others working for the United Nations.

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) is a non-profit non-governmental organization working "to bring together women of different political views and philosophical and religious backgrounds determined to study and make known the causes of war and work for a permanent peace" and to unite women worldwide who oppose oppression and exploitation. WILPF has national sections in 37 countries.

The WILPF is headquartered in Geneva and maintains a United Nations office in New York City.
Liang Island
26°20′20″N 120°13′12″E﻿ / ﻿26.33889°N 120.22000°E﻿ / 26.33889; 120.22000
Liang Island (Larne Island) (Chinese: 亮島; pinyin: Liàng Dǎo; Wade–Giles: Liang4 Tao3; lit. 'island that illuminates'; Foochow Romanized: Liông-dō̤, originally 橫山, Lang Tao 浪島) is an island located in the East China Sea in Beigan Township, Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands), Fujian Province, Republic of China (Taiwan). The island is closed to the public. The island is located 26 kilometers (16 mi) from both Beigan Island and Dongyin Island and 19.25 kilometers (11.96 mi) from Kuishan Island in Haidao Township, Xiapu County, Ningde, Fujian, People's Republic of China (PRC).

Haidao Township
Haidao Township (Chinese: 海岛乡; pinyin: Hǎidǎo Xiāng; Wade–Giles: Hai3-tao3 Hsiang1; lit. 'township of the islands of the sea') is an insular township off the Asian mainland in Xiapu County, Ningde, Fujian, China (PRC). The township is immediately north of present-day Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands), ROC (Taiwan).
Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology
The former Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology was located in Bulldern, Westphalia, Germany, moved to Seewiesen in 1957. It was one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft).

Max Planck Society
The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.; MPG) is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institutes. Founded in 1911 as the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, it was renamed to the Max Planck Society in 1948 in honor of its former president, theoretical physicist Max Planck. The society is funded by the federal and state governments of Germany.
Norwegian railway signaling
The signalling system used on the rail transport in Norway is regulated by Trafikkregler for jernbanenettet (TJN).

The first signalling system on the Norwegian railway system was a mechanically operated semaphore system introduced at Drammen station in 1893. The first electrically operated light signal system was delivered by AEG in 1924. Today, only electrically operated light signals are used.

Rail transport in Norway
The Norwegian railway system comprises 4,109 km of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (standard gauge) track of which 2,644 km is electrified and 274 km double track.  There are 697 tunnels and 2,760 bridges.

The Norwegian Railway Directorate manages the railway network in Norway on behalf of the Ministry of Transportation. Bane NOR is a state enterprise which builds and maintains all railway tracks, while other companies operate them. These companies include Vy and subsidiaries Vy Gjøvikbanen and CargoNet, Flytoget, Go-Ahead, SJ Norge, Green Cargo, Grenland Rail and Hector Rail.

Norway is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Norway is 76.
Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital
Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลนพรัตนราชธานี) is a hospital located in Khan Na Yao District, Bangkok, Thailand. It is a main teaching hospital for the College of Medicine, Rangsit University. It is also an affiliated teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, the Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine.

Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University
The Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University (Thai: คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ; abbr: MED SWU) is the medical school of Srinakharinwirot University, a public university in Bangkok, Thailand. It was founded in 1985, making it the eighth oldest medical school in Thailand. The school has two campuses: Prasarnmit Campus in Watthana, Bangkok and Ongkharak Campus in Ongkharak District, Nakhon Nayok Province.
Chahargah (mode)
Dastgāh-e Chahārgāh  (Persian: دستگاه چهارگاه; Azerbaijani: Çahargah) is a musical modal system in traditional mugham music and one of the seven Dastgāhs of Persian Music. Classically, Persian Music is organized into seven Dastgāhs and five Āvāzes, however from a merely technical point of view, one can consider them as an ensemble of 12 Dastgāhs.

This is the fifth and the longest mode according to the amount of sounds. It consists of eleven membranes.

Three tetra-chords are amalgamated with two methods. The first and the second tetra-chords are amalgamated with the first method. The second and the third tetra-chords are amalgamated with different method. Tetra-chords are 0.5+1.5+0.5 tone structural. Chahargah mode is represented in two kinds in Uzeyir Hajibeyov’s composition. It creates at listener excitement and passion.

Subgenres of Chahargah are: Bardasht, Maye, Bali-Kabutar, Djovhari, Basta-Nigar, Hisar, Mualif, Garra, Mukhalif, Ouj Mukhalif, Maghlub, Mansuriyya, Uzzal.

Dastgāh
Dastgāh (/dæstˈɡɑː/; Persian: دستگاه, Classical: [dastˈɡɑːh], Iran: [dæstˈɡɒː(h)]) is the standard musical system in Persian art music, standardised in the 19th century following the transition of Persian music from the Maqam modal system.

A dastgāh consists of a collection of musical melodies, gushehs. In a song played in a given dastgah, a musician starts with an introductory gusheh, and then meanders through various different gushehs, evoking different moods. Many gushehs in a given dastgah are related to an equivalent musical mode in Western music.

For example, most gushehs in Dastgāh-e Māhur correspond to the Ionian mode in the Major scale, whilst most gushehs in Dastgāh-e Shur correspond to the Phrygian mode.

In spite of 50 or more extant dastgāhs, 12 are most commonly played, with Dastgāh-e Šur and Dastgāh-e Māhur being referred to as the mothers of all dastgahs.
Nikolay Palauzov
Nikolay Hristoforovich Palauzov (Bulgarian: Николай Христофорович Палаузов; 1821 – 2 March 1899) was a Bulgarian-Russian journalist and a Bulgarian Renaissance activist.

Palauzov was born in Gabrovo. He initially studied in his home town and in 1842 graduated from Richelieu Lyceum in Odessa. During his period in Odessa Palauzov was given a Russian citizenship. He was among the founders of the Bulgarian Board of Trustees in Odessa and its president until the end of his life. Through his work Palauzov won the Bulgarian cause important Russian activists and policy makers. He also translated from Russian into Bulgarian and worked for newspapers in Odessa and Carigrad.

Gabrovo
Gabrovo (Bulgarian: Габрово [ˈɡabrovo]) is a city in central northern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Gabrovo Province.

It is situated at the foot of the central Balkan Mountains, in the valley of the Yantra River, and is known as an international capital of humour and satire (see Gabrovo humour), as well as noted for its Bulgarian National Revival architecture. Gabrovo is also known as the longest town in Bulgaria, stretching over 25 km along the Yantra, yet reaching only 1 km (0.6 mi) in width at places. The geographic center of Bulgaria - Uzana - is located near the town.
Animals, Property, and the Law
Animals, Property, and the Law (1995) is a book by Gary Francione, Distinguished Professor of Law and Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Scholar of Law and Philosophy at Rutgers School of Law–Newark. The book was the first extensive jurisprudential treatment of animal rights.

Gary L. Francione
Gary Lawrence Francione (born May 1954) is an American academic in the fields of law and philosophy. He is Board of Governors Professor of Law and Katzenbach Scholar of Law and Philosophy at Rutgers University in New Jersey. He is also a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of Lincoln (UK) and honorary professor of philosophy at the University of East Anglia (UK). He is the author of numerous books and articles on animal ethics.