hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ülo Torpats
Ülo Torpats (15 November 1920, in Tartu – 20 January 1988, in Tartu) was an Estonian philologist and translator.

Torpats graduated from Hugo Treffner Gymnasium in 1940. In 1951, he graduated from Tartu State University with a degree in classical philology. From 1951 to 1953, he worked at the Estonian Academy of Agriculture. From 1955 to 1956 and again from 1960, he was a lecturer at the Department of Western European Literature and Classical Philology of the University of Tartu. From 1971 until 1982, he was a lecturer at the university's Department of Foreign Languages.

Hugo Treffner Gymnasium
Hugo Treffner Gymnasium (Estonian: Hugo Treffneri Gümnaasium; abbreviated as HTG) is a secondary school in Tartu, Estonia with special emphasis on science education. Founded by Hugo Treffner, it was the only large secondary school in 19th-century Estonia with predominantly Estonian students and no age restrictions. During the Estonian national awakening, it greatly contributed to the numbers of Estonian intellectuals.
First Quantum Minerals
First Quantum Minerals is a Canadian-based mining and metals company whose principal activities include mineral exploration, development and mining. Its main product is copper, which accounts for 80% of revenues as of 2016.

First Quantum's common shares are listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada (symbol "FM"). Until 2016, First Quantum also maintained a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange (symbol "FQM"), in the United Kingdom.

Mopani Copper Mines
Mopani Copper Mines PLC (also known as Mopani) is a Zambian company that produces and sells copper and cobalt to the international market, being one of the biggest mines and exporters in the world.

After being owned by ZCCM Investment Holdings since its founding, the company had a 51% stake sold to International Resources Holding (IRH) in March 2024.
Orissa Tributary States
The Orissa Tributary States, also known as the Gadajats (ଗଡ଼ଜାତ) or the Orissa Feudatory States, were a group of princely states of British India now part of the present-day Indian state of Odisha.

The Orissa Tributary States were located in the Garhjat Hills, the hilly and former heavily forested region of eastern Orissa, on the border with present-day Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand states.

Garhjat Hills
The Garhjat Hills is a mountain range formed by a series low-lying hills, plateaux, ridges and meadows that stretch into Odisha from the Utkal Plains in the Chotanagpur region of Jharkhand and the Chhattisgarh Plains. The range, also known as the Odisha Highlands, runs in a north east to south west direction for about 382 km along the Odisha coast, covering 76,800 km2 (29,700 sq mi).

The range rises abruptly and steeply in the east and slopes gently to a dissected plateau in the west running from north-east (Mayurbhanj) to south-west (Malkangiri). The whole area is also marked by intermontane basins which cut across the region in a number of broad and narrow river valleys and flood plains. The average height of the range is about 900 metres above mean sea level.
Life Science Alliance
Life Science Alliance is a peer-reviewed, open access and not-for-profit journal for the biomedical and life sciences. EMBO Press, Rockefeller University Press and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press jointly established the journal in 2018. It is a signatory of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment. The journal is currently edited by the Executive Editor Tim Fessenden.

European Molecular Biology Organization
The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) is a professional, non-profit organization of more than 2,100 life scientists. Its goal is to promote research in life science and enable international exchange between scientists. It co-funds courses, workshops and conferences, publishes five scientific journals and supports individual scientists.  The organization was founded in 1964 and is a founding member of the Initiative for Science in Europe. As of 2022 the Director of EMBO is Fiona Watt, a stem cell researcher, professor at King's College London and a group leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.
Mandoza
Mduduzi Thembinkosi Edmund Tshabalala (17 January 1978 – 18 September 2016), also known as Mandoza, was a South African singer-songwriter and kwaito recording artist. He was known for his contributions to the kwaito genre and his numerous hit singles, including "Nkalakatha", "Uzoyithola Kanjani, Tornado", "Sgelekeqe", "Ngalabesi", "Godoba", "Tsotsi Yase Zola" and "Indoda", which topped the charts in South Africa and all over the African continent. His second album Nkalakatha, released in 2000, became the biggest selling album of his career, selling 350,000 units. He was the founding member of the music group Chiskop.

A biopic which chronicles the life of Mandoza, titled Nkalakatha: The Life of Mandoza premiered on BET  on the 16th of August 2023, in which Wiseman Mncube portrayed him.

Chiskop
Chiskop was a pioneering South African kwaito group formed in 1995 by four childhood friends: Simphiwe “General GTZ” Sibisi, Mduduzi “Mandoza” Tshabalala, Sizwe “Lollipop” Motaung, and Sibusiso “SB-Bless” Thanjekwayo, from Soweto, Johannesburg.
Sarti, Chalkidiki
Sarti (Greek: Σάρτη, Sárti) is a village in the Sithonia municipality on the Sithonia peninsula, Greece. It had a population of 1,054 in the census of 2021.

The name comes from the nearby Ancient Greek settlement of Sarta but the current village was settled after 1923 by Greek refugees from the island of Afissia (now Avsa off the coast of Anatolia) after the Greco-Turkish War and population exchange.

Today, Sarti is a popular tourist destination, especially during the summer when many tourists visit the area's beaches. It is also one of the most commonly used locations for ascending Mount Itamos. Mount Athos is visible from the town's beaches, as well as from the hills overlooking Sarti.

Mount Itamos
Mount Itamos (Greek: Ίταμος) is a mountain range in Chalkidiki, northern Greece. It stretches across the Sithonia peninsula (the "second" or "middle finger" of Chalkidiki) in the middle from north to south.
Nonprofit Security Grant Program
The Nonprofit Security Grant Program (NSGP), previously the Urban Areas Security Initiative Nonprofit Security Grant Program (UASI NSGP), is a grant program administered by the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that provides funding for target hardening and physical security enhancements to non-profit organizations at high risk of terrorist attack.

Jewish Federations of North America
The Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA), formerly the United Jewish Communities (UJC), is an American Jewish umbrella organization for the Jewish Federations system, representing over 350 independent Jewish communities across North America that raise and distribute over $2 billion annually, including through planned giving and endowment programs, to support social welfare, social services and educational needs. Jewish Federations also provides fundraising, organization assistance, training, and overall leadership to the Jewish Federations and communities throughout the United States and Canada. The Federation movement protects and enhances the well-being of Jews worldwide through the values of tikkun olam, tzedakah and Torah.

JFNA was formed from the merger of the United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations, and the United Israel Appeal. The organization hosts an annual General Assembly event for the broad North American Jewish community.
Bangkok Elevated Road and Train System
The Bangkok Elevated Road and Train System (BERTS, Thai: โครงการระบบการขนส่งทางรถไฟยกระดับในกรุงเทพมหานคร), commonly known as the Hopewell Project (Thai: โครงการโฮปเวลล์) after main contractor Hopewell Holdings, was a failed project to build an elevated highway and rail line from central Bangkok to Don Mueang International Airport.

Construction started in 1990, but was suspended by the first government of Anand Panyarachun in 1992, and was finally halted by legal acrimony in 1997 with only 10-13% complete. The project was cancelled in 1998. Due to its resemblance to standing stones, it was comically nicknamed "Thailand's Stonehenge". As of 2024, some idle pillars are still standing and litigation about the project continues.

Anand Panyarachun
Anand Panyarachun (Thai: อานันท์ ปันยารชุน, RTGS: Anan Panyarachun, pronounced [ʔāː.nān pān.jāː.rā.t͡ɕʰūn]; born 9 August 1932) is a Thai retired politician who served as the Prime Minister of Thailand for two terms, first from 1991 to 1992 and again for a brief period during the latter half of 1992. He was effective in initiating economic and political reforms, one of which was the drafting of Thailand's "People's Constitution", which was promulgated in 1997 and abrogated in 2006. Anand received a Ramon Magsaysay Award for Government Service in 1997. He was a supporter of liberal corporatism.
Nathan Agostinelli
Nathan George Agostinelli (August 17, 1930 – March 20, 2024) was an American politician, army officer, and civic leader who served as mayor of Manchester, Connecticut (1966–1971) and as Connecticut State Comptroller (1971–1975). He ran for Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut on the ticket of Republican gubernatorial nominee Robert H. Steele but lost the 1974 Connecticut gubernatorial election to the Democratic ticket of Ella Grasso and her running mate, Robert K. Killian.

Manchester, Connecticut
Manchester is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 59,713. The urban center of the town is the Manchester census-designated place, with a population of 36,379 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Manchester, in England.
Witherbee, New York
Witherbee is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Moriah in Essex County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 347 at the 2010 census. Prior to 2010 the hamlet was part of the Mineville-Witherbee CDP.

Essex County, New York
Essex County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,381. Its county seat is the hamlet of Elizabethtown. Its name is from the English county of Essex. Essex is one of two counties that are entirely within the Adirondack Park, the other being Hamilton County. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.
Scratching
Scratching, sometimes referred to as scrubbing, is a DJ and turntablist technique of moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable to produce percussive or rhythmic sounds. A crossfader on a DJ mixer may be used to fade between two records simultaneously.

While scratching is most associated with hip hop music, where it emerged in the mid-1970s, from the 1990s it has been used in some styles of EDM like techno, trip hop, and house music and rock music such as rap rock, rap metal, rapcore, and nu metal. In hip hop culture, scratching is one of the measures of a DJ's skills. DJs compete in scratching competitions at the DMC World DJ Championships and IDA (International DJ Association), formerly known as ITF (International Turntablist Federation). At scratching competitions, DJs can use only scratch-oriented gear (turntables, DJ mixer, digital vinyl systems or vinyl records only). In recorded hip hop songs, scratched "hooks" often use portions of other songs.

Technics (brand)
Technics (テクニクス, Tekunikusu) is a Japanese audio brand established by Matsushita Electric (now Panasonic) in 1965. Since 1965, Matsushita has produced a variety of HiFi and other audio products under the brand name, such as turntables, amplifiers, radio receivers, tape recorders, CD players, loudspeakers, and digital pianos. Technics products were available for sale in various countries. The brand was originally conceived as a line of high-end audio equipment to compete against brands such as Nakamichi.

From 2002 onwards products were rebranded as Panasonic except in Japan and CIS countries (such as Russia), where the brand remained in high regard. Panasonic discontinued the brand for most products in October 2010, but it was revived in 2015 with new high-end turntables. The brand is best known for the SL-1200 DJ turntable, an industry standard for decades.
The Wild House
The Wild House was a serialised children's programme produced between 1997 and 1999 broadcast by the BBC. The programme was based on an idea of Jean Buchanan's. Later series were written partially by Mark Haddon, author of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time. It follows the life of Natalie Wild (played by Ellie Beaven) and the other members of the Wild family.

Annette Ekblom
Annette Kate Ekblom (born 1956) is an English actress of Swedish descent. She is the mother of composer Amelia Warner.

Ekblom starred as Linda in Willy Russell's musical Blood Brothers when Bill Kenwright's production opened in London in 1988. She can also be heard on the 1988 revival cast recording with Kiki Dee. Ekblom played the role of family matriarch Debbie Gordon in the Channel 4 television soap opera Brookside in 32 episodes from 2002 to 2003.
Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh
Pratapgarh, also called Belha or Bela Pratapgarh, is a town and  municipality in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Pratapgarh is the administrative headquarters of Pratapgarh district, part of the Prayagraj division, formerly known as Allahabad.

Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh
Pratapgarh district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh in India. Pratapgarh administrative headquarters is located in Pratapgarh city. The district is part of the Prayagraj division (formerly known as Allahabad). Pratapgarh covers a total area of 3,730 km².
Health of Towns Association
The Health of Towns Association was a key organisation in the development of public health in the United Kingdom and was formed at a meeting in Exeter Hall, London on 11 December 1844. Its formation followed the 1843 establishment of the Royal Commission into the Health of Towns chaired by Sir Edwin Chadwick, which produced a series of reports on poor and unsanitary conditions in British cities, quickly prompting the creation of Health of Towns Association branches in several major cities, including Edinburgh, Liverpool, and Manchester.

These national and local movements led to the passing of the Public Health Act 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c. 63).

Edwin Chadwick
Sir Edwin Chadwick KCB (24 January 1800 – 6 July 1890) was an English social reformer who is noted for his leadership in reforming the Poor Laws in England and instituting major reforms in urban sanitation and public health.  A disciple of Utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, he was most active between 1832 and 1854; after that he held minor positions, and his views were largely ignored. Chadwick pioneered the use of scientific surveys to identify all phases of a complex social problem, and pioneered the use of systematic long-term inspection programmes to make sure the reforms operated as planned.
The Imagine Project
The Imagine Project is the forty-first studio album by American jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, released on June 22, 2010. Prominent guests include John Legend, India Arie, Seal, Dave Matthews, Jeff Beck, Chaka Khan, Tedeschi & Trucks, The Chieftains and Los Lobos.

Susan Tedeschi
Susan Tedeschi (/təˈdɛski/; born November 9, 1970) is an American singer and guitarist. A multiple Grammy Award nominee, she is a member of the Tedeschi Trucks Band, a conglomeration of her band, her husband Derek Trucks' band, and other musicians.
Srabon Megher Din
Srabon Megher Din (Bengali: শ্রাবণ মেঘের দিন, English: A Day of the Month Srabon) is a 1999 Bangladeshi drama film based on the novel of Humayun Ahmed. This film is based on a tragic triangle love-story set in a classical village of Bangladesh directed by the writer himself. This was the second film directed by Humayun Ahmed and it won National Film Award. British Film Institute enlisted this film in the Top 10 Bangladeshi Film (Critics) as a 2002 cultural project on South Asian cinema in 2002.

Meher Afroz Shaon
Meher Afroz Shaon (born 12 October 1981) is a Bangladeshi actress, director, dancer and playback singer. She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her performance in the film Krishnopokkho (2016). She was the  second wife of writer and director Humayun Ahmed.
Duval County, Texas
Duval County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 9,831. Its county seat is San Diego. The county was founded in 1858 and later organized in 1876. It is named for Burr H. Duval, a soldier in the Texas Revolution who died in the Goliad Massacre.

McMullen County, Texas
McMullen County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 600, making it the fourth-least populous county in Texas. Its county seat is Tilden. The county was established from parts of Bexar County, Atascosa County, and Live Oak County in 1858 and later organized in 1877. It is named for John McMullen, founder of a colony in Texas. The McMullen County Courthouse was designed by architect W.C. Stephenson, originally from Buffalo, New York. Stephenson also designed some 50 buildings in Beeville, including the Bee County Courthouse.
Saint-Clair-d'Arcey
Saint-Clair-d'Arcey (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ klɛːʁ daʁsɛ]) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Treis-Sants-en-Ouche.

Treis-Sants-en-Ouche
Treis-Sants-en-Ouche is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Saint-Aubin-le-Vertueux (the seat), Saint-Clair-d'Arcey and Saint-Quentin-des-Isles.
Jameh Mosque of Kermanshah
The Jameh Mosque of Kermanshah (Persian: مسجد جامع کرمانشاه, romanized: Masjed-e Jameh; Arabic: جامع كرمانشاه), also called the Chehel Sotoun Mosque, is a Friday mosque, located on Modarres Street and Rashid Yasemi Street in the old city of Kermanshah, in the province of Kermanshah, Iran.

The mosque was completed in AH 1196 (1781/1782 CE), during the Zand dynasty.

Kermanshah
Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, romanized: Kermânšâh, pronounced [keɾmɒːnˈʃɒːʰ] ⓘ; Southern Kurdish: کرماشان, romanized: Kirmaşan.) is a city in the Central District of Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is 525 kilometres (326 miles) from Tehran in the western part of the country. The 2016 National Census measured the population of the city as 946,651 (2025 estimate 1,117,000). Kermanshah is widely recognised as the largest Kurdish-populated city in Iran and one of the most significant urban centres of Kurdish culture in the region. The Kurdish dialect of the city, known as Kermashani, belongs to the Southern Kurdish branch of the Kurdish language family.
Strange Desire
Strange Desire is the debut studio album released by American indie pop act Bleachers, led by guitarist Jack Antonoff. The album was released on July 11, 2014, through RCA Records, and produced the singles "I Wanna Get Better", "Shadow", "Rollercoaster" and "Like a River Runs".

Rollercoaster (Bleachers song)
"Rollercoaster" is a song by American pop rock band Bleachers, released on June 10, 2014, through RCA Records, as the third single from the band's debut album Strange Desire, and was written by frontman Jack Antonoff and John Hill and produced by them featuring Greg Kurstin.
Mount Tsukuba Cable Car
The Mount Tsukuba Cable Car (筑波山ケーブルカー, Tsukubasan Kēburukā), officially the Mount Tsukuba Cable Railway Line (筑波山鋼索鉄道線, Tsukubasan Kōsaku Tetsudō-sen), is a Japanese funicular line on Mount Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki. It is the only funicular line Tsukuba Kankō Railway (筑波観光鉄道, Tsukuba Kankō Tetsudō; "Tsukuba Sightseeing Railway") operates, while it also operates an aerial tramway (Mount Tsukuba Ropeway), hotels and restaurants. The company belongs to Keisei Group.

The line was built in 1925, is the second-oldest cable car line in the Kanto region, and the fifth oldest in Japan.

Keisei Electric Railway
The Keisei Electric Railway Company, Ltd. (stylized as K'SEI since 2001) is a major private railway in Chiba Prefecture and Tokyo, Japan. The name Keisei is the combination of the kanji 京 from Tokyo (東京) and 成 from Narita (成田), which the railway's main line connects; the combination uses different readings than the ones used in the city names. The railway's main line runs from Tokyo to Narita and the eastern suburb cities of Funabashi, Narashino, Yachiyo, and Sakura. Keisei runs an airport limited express train called the Skyliner from Ueno and Nippori to Narita International Airport.

In addition to its railway business, the Keisei Electric Railway Company owns large bus and taxi services and some real estate holdings. It owns a controlling share of the Oriental Land Company which owns and manages the Tokyo Disney Resort. Keisei is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 index.
Mohamed Saoud
Mohamed Saoud (born 31 December 1949) is a Moroccan boxer. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. At the 1976 Summer Olympics, he lost to David Odwell of Great Britain.

Boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Middleweight
The men's middleweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1976 Summer Olympics. The weight class allowed boxers of up to 75 kilograms to compete. The competition was held from 19 to 31 July 1976. 19 boxers from 19 nations competed.
Ruizodendron
Ruizodendron is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Annonaceae. It is part of Malmeoideae subfamily and Malmeeae tribe. The only known species is Ruizodendron ovale.

Its native range is western South America and it is found in northern Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras and Peru.  It grows in tropical rain forests.

The genus name of Ruizodendron is in honour of Hipólito Ruiz López (1754–1815), a Spanish botanist known for researching the floras of Peru and Chile during an expedition under Carlos III from 1777 to 1788, and the Greek word for tree dendron. The Latin specific epithet of ovale is derived from Latin ovum meaning egg-shaped. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Ark. Bot. Vol.28 (Edition 4) on page 3 in 1936.

Hipólito Ruiz López
Hipólito Ruiz López (August 8, 1754 in Belorado, Burgos, Spain – 1816 in Madrid), or Hipólito Ruiz, was a Spanish botanist known for researching the floras of Peru and Chile during an expedition under Carlos III from 1777 to 1788. During the reign of Carlos III, three major botanical expeditions were sent to the New World; Ruiz and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez were the botanists for the first of these expeditions, to Peru and Chile.
Antonio Bettini
Antonio Bettini (13 June 1396 – 22 October 1487) was an Italian clergyman, diplomat and writer.

Bettini was born in Siena in 1396. He joined the convent of San Girolamo in Siena in 1439 and worked closely with Pope Pius II. Pius made Bettini bishop of Foligno in 1461. For Pope Sixtus IV, Bettini may have travelled to France (1474) and Germany (1481). He retired to his original convent in Siena in 1486 and died a year later. Bettini was revered by later biographers and sometimes referred to as "Beato" (Blessed) (a step toward canonization), but this designation was never church-sanctioned.

Bettini was known as a prolific writer. His Monte Santo di Dio (1477) described how one could use science and virtue to reach closer to God. This work, printed in Florence by Nicolaus Laurentii is especially notable in that it is possibly the first printed work to contain copper plate engravings. These were executed by Baccio Baldini, based on designs by Botticelli.

Diocese of Foligno
The Diocese of Foligno (Latin: Dioecesis Fulginatensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Umbria, Italy. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Perugia-Città della Pieve.