hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mrs. Miniver's problem
Mrs. Miniver's problem is a geometry problem about the area of circles. It asks how to place two circles  and  of given radii in such a way that the lens formed by intersecting their two interiors has equal area to the symmetric difference of  and  (the area contained in any one but not both circles). It was named for an analogy between geometry and social dynamics enunciated by fictional character Mrs. Miniver, who "saw every relationship as a pair of intersecting circles". Its solution involves a transcendental equation.

Mrs. Miniver (character)
Mrs. Miniver is a fictional British housewife created by Jan Struther in 1937 for a series of newspaper columns for The Times. The Mrs. Miniver story was later adapted into a film of the same name and starred Greer Garson in the titular role for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress.
Differentiable imaging
Differentiable imaging is a method within computational imaging that incorporates differentiable programming to design imaging systems. It treats the entire imaging process - from light passing through optical components to the numerical reconstruction—as a differentiable programming problem. This approach links optical hardware with numerical reconstruction, enabling joint optimization of both parts through differentiable programming. Differentiable imaging additionally extends the scope of computational imaging beyond image reconstruction, such as by aiding in characterization of optical components.

Differentiable programming
Differentiable programming is a programming paradigm in which a numeric computer program can be differentiated throughout via automatic differentiation. This allows for gradient-based optimization of parameters in the program, often via gradient descent, as well as other learning approaches that are based on higher-order derivative information. Differentiable programming has found use in a wide variety of areas, particularly scientific computing and machine learning. One of the early proposals to adopt such a framework in a systematic fashion to improve upon learning algorithms was made by the Advanced Concepts Team at the European Space Agency in early 2016.
Free Ride (song)
"Free Ride" is a song written by Dan Hartman and performed by the Edgar Winter Group from their 1972 album They Only Come Out at Night, produced by Rick Derringer. The single was a top-15 U.S. hit in 1973, reaching number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 10 on Cash Box. In Canada, it peaked at number eight.

Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie is a 1995 American superhero film. It stars the ensemble cast of Karan Ashley, Johnny Yong Bosch, Steve Cardenas, Jason David Frank, Amy Jo Johnson, and David Yost alongside the villains cast from the original series and Paul Freeman as Ivan Ooze. Much like the television season that followed the release, it used concepts from the Japanese Super Sentai series Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger, Gosei Sentai Dairanger and Ninja Sentai Kakuranger. It is the first Power Rangers production from Saban Entertainment not to feature any archived footage from Super Sentai. The film is not part of the franchise continuity as the movie takes place in an alternate timeline.

The film was released in between the second and third seasons of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.
Lynton, Burwood
Lynton is a heritage-listed residence located at 4 Clarence Street in the Sydney suburb of Burwood in the Municipality of Burwood local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Stanley Rickard and built from 1906. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Municipality of Burwood
The Municipality of Burwood (also known as Burwood Council) is a local government area in the inner-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The mayor of the Municipality is Cr. John Faker, a member of the Labor Party. The municipality is 7 km2, making it the second smallest Local Government Area in New South Wales, being larger than only Hunter's Hill.
North Ridgeville High School
North Ridgeville High School is a public high school located in North Ridgeville, Ohio, United States. It is the only high school in the North Ridgeville City School District. The school colors are navy blue and gold and athletic teams are known as the Rangers.  The school is a member of the Southwestern Conference.  North Ridgeville's traditional archrival is Midview.

North Ridgeville, Ohio
North Ridgeville is a city located along the eastern border of Lorain County, Ohio, United States. The city's population was 35,280 as of the 2020 census. A part of the Cleveland metropolitan area, North Ridgeville is the fastest-growing city in northern Ohio. It has been ranked the 13th safest city in the United States and the safest in Ohio.

Located 8 miles (13 km) from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, and 18 miles (29 km) west of downtown Cleveland, North Ridgeville is the third-largest city in Lorain County and the 37th most populous city in Ohio. North Ridgeville is home to a 350,000 square foot Riddell Sports Group production and distribution center, where National Football League and NCAA helmets and pads are produced. It is also home to a campus of Lorain County Community College and a branch of University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center.
Wugai Mountain Hunting Field
Wugai Mountain Hunting Field (Chinese: 五盖山国际狩猎场; pinyin: Wǔgàishān Guójì Shòulièchǎng) is located close to Chenzhou, in Hunan Province in China.

This park space is a hunting area where several different kinds of animals may be hunted. It has an area of 80 square kilometres.

The Wugai Mountain Hunting Field is one of the only two hunting fields in China. It is also the sole hunting-permitted area south of the Yangtze.

Chenzhou
Chenzhou (Chinese: 郴州; pinyin: Chēnzhōu) is a prefecture-level city located in the south of Hunan province, China, bordering the provinces of Jiangxi to the east and Guangdong to the south. Its administrative area covers 19,317 square kilometres (7,458 sq mi), 9.2% of the provincial area, and its total population reached 4,581,779 in the 2010 census, 26% of them living in urban areas, 74% of them living in rural areas.
2014 Vodacom Cup
The 2014 Vodacom Cup was played between 7 March and 16 May 2014 and was the 17th edition of this annual domestic cup competition. This edition of the Vodacom Cup was played between fourteen provincial rugby union teams in South Africa from the Currie Cup Premier and First Divisions, as well as the Limpopo Blue Bulls and Simba XV from Kenya.

Limpopo Blue Bulls
Limpopo Blue Bulls (known as the Assupol Limpopo Blue Bulls for sponsorship reasons) are a South African rugby union team that are a sub-union of the Blue Bulls Rugby Union and are therefore represented by the Blue Bulls in the annual Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup tournaments. They play out of Polokwane at the Peter Mokaba Stadium and draw players from the entire Limpopo province in South Africa. Between 2013 and 2015, the Limpopo Blue Bulls played as a separate team in the Vodacom Cup competition. Despite their first team not participating in first class rugby since 2015, they still have youth teams that participate in competitions such as the Under-21 and Under-19 Provincial Championships and in the Craven Week and Grant Khomo Week tournaments. They also have a women's team who compete in the South African Rugby Women's First Division.
Elena Roger
Elena Silvia Roger (born 27 October 1974) is an Argentine actress and singer who won the 2009 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Édith Piaf in Piaf. She has also appeared in the West End in Evita, Boeing-Boeing, and Passion.

Piaf (play)
Piaf is a play by Pam Gems that focuses on the life and career of French chanteuse Edith Piaf. The biographical drama with music portrays the singer as a self-destructive, promiscuous alcoholic and junkie who, in one controversial scene, urinates in public.

The original production starred Jane Lapotaire in the title role, and included Ian Charleson as Pierre. It premiered in 1978 at Royal Shakespeare Company's The Other Place in Stratford-upon-Avon, after which it moved to the Donmar Warehouse in London, the Aldwych Theatre, the Piccadilly Theatre, and then Wyndham's Theatre, before going to the United States.

In the U.S. the play began in Philadelphia. After six previews the show opened on Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre on February 6, 1981, with its original star, Jane Lapotaire. It ran for 165 performances, and Lapotaire won the 1981 Tony Award.
Firestorm (novel)
Firestorm is a science fiction novel by American writers David Sherman and Dan Cragg.  It is set in the 25th Century in Sherman and Cragg's StarFist saga. Firestorm concludes the Ravenette campaign for the 34th FIST and Marine Force Recon (introduced in Backshot and expanded in Recoil, two books of a three book sub series).

David Sherman (novelist)
David Sherman (February 27, 1944 – November 16, 2022) was an American novelist who dealt overwhelmingly with military themes at the small-unit tactical level. His experiences as a United States Marine informed his writings.
Raggedy Angry
Based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Raggedy Angry is a band that plays a mixture of synth and industrial rock music.

On January 1, 2008, the band self-released their second studio album Pestilence. The album included vocals from Chrystal Leigh of Jakalope and Nils Rasmussen of Uncle Outrage. Dave "Rave" Ogilvie worked as a producer, engineer, and mixer on this album.

On October 1, 2010, via Synthetic Sounds and Danse Macabre the band released their third full-length album entitled How I Learned To Love Our Robot Overlords. The album featured production work from Dave "Rave" Ogilvie along with vocals from Jakalope lead singer Chrystal Leigh and Kevin James Maher of Fake Shark - Real Zombie!.

On November 27, 2012, via Metropolis Records the band released their fourth full-length album Dead Beats after taking a break in 2011.

The band has played across Europe with The Birthday Massacre in addition to cross Canada with Die Mannequin.

Kevin James Maher
Kevin James Maher (born April 20, 1988), better known as Kevvy Mental, is a Canadian musician, producer, film composer and remix artist most notable for his work in Fake Shark as lead vocalist and programmer.
Lewisville Lake
Lewisville Lake, formerly known as Garza-Little Elm Reservoir, is a reservoir in North Texas (USA) on the Elm Fork of the Trinity River in Denton County near Lewisville. Originally engineered in 1927 as Lake Dallas, the reservoir was expanded in the 1940s and 1950s and renamed Lewisville Lake. It was built for flood control purposes and to serve as a water source for Dallas and its suburbs, but residents also use it for recreational purposes.

Denton County, Texas
Denton County is located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 906,422, making it the seventh-most populous county in Texas. The county seat is Denton. The county, which was named for John B. Denton, was established in 1846. Denton County constitutes part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. In 2007, it was one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States.
Sumeida's Song
Sumeida's Song is an opera in three scenes by Mohammed Fairouz adapted from the play Song of Death by Egyptian playwright Tawfiq al-Hakim. It is Fairouz's first opera, completed in 2008 when he was 22 years old.

Mohammed Fairouz
Mohammed Fairouz (born November 1, 1985) is an American composer.

He is one of the most frequently performed composers of his generation and has been described by Daniel J. Wakin of The New York Times as an "important new artistic voice".

Fairouz began composing at an early age and studied at the New England Conservatory of Music and the Curtis Institute of Music. His teachers included Gunther Schuller, Halim El-Dabh, and John Heiss.

Fairouz lives in New York City.
The Troop
The Troop is an action-comedy children's television series centered around a trio of teenagers who fight monsters that invade the fictional town of Lakewood. Created and executive produced by Max Burnett, Greg Coolidge and Chris Morgan, the series premiered on Nickelodeon on September 12, 2009.

The second season premiered on June 25, 2011, and Nickelodeon cancelled it midway through its airing. The remaining episodes premiered sporadically on Nicktoons throughout 2012 and 2013.

Greg Coolidge
Gregory Coolidge is an American film writer, director, and television showrunner. He is best known for creating the Ride Along franchise, executive producing and showrunning the limited series The Continental: From the World of John Wick (2023) and executive producing and show running the television series Wayne (2019). In feature films, he also wrote and directed Employee of the Month and the 2019 comedy The Turkey Bowl. He grew up in Norman, Oklahoma and later graduated from the University of Oklahoma.
Noto Airport
Noto Airport (能登空港, Noto Kūkō) (IATA: NTQ, ICAO: RJNW), marketed as Noto Satoyama Airport (のと里山空港, Noto Satoyama Kūkō) and also unofficially known as Wajima Airport (輪島空港, Wajima Kūkō) is a domestic airport located 6.4 NM (11.9 km; 7.4 mi) south southeast of the city of Wajima on the Noto Peninsula of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

The airport is a four-story building with two jetways. It is officially designated a third class airport.

Noto Peninsula
The Noto Peninsula (能登半島, Noto-hantō) is a peninsula that projects north into the Sea of Japan from the coast of Ishikawa Prefecture in central Honshū, the main island of Japan. Before the Meiji era, the peninsula belonged to Noto Province. The main industries of the peninsula are agriculture, fisheries, and tourism.
Adjustment Team
"Adjustment Team" is a 1954 science fiction novelette by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was first published in Orbit Science Fiction (September–October 1954, No. 4) with illustration by Faragasso. It was later reprinted in The Sands of Mars and Other Stories (Australian) in 1958, The Book of Philip K. Dick in 1973, The Turning Wheel and Other Stories (United Kingdom) in 1977, The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick in 1987 (Underwood–Miller), 1988 (Gollancz, United Kingdom), 1990 (Citadel Twilight, United States), Selected Stories of Philip K. Dick in 2002 and in The Early Work of Philip K. Dick, Volume One: The Variable Man & Other Stories in 2009.

"Adjustment Team" served as the basis for the 2011 film The Adjustment Bureau.

Selected Stories of Philip K. Dick
Selected Stories of Philip K. Dick is a collection of science fiction stories by American writer Philip K. Dick.  It was first published by Random House in 2002.  Many of the stories had originally appeared in the magazines Planet Stories, Fantasy and Science Fiction, Imagination, Space Science Fiction, Astounding, Beyond Fantasy Fiction, Orbit, Galaxy Science Fiction, Fantastic Universe, Amazing Stories, Rolling Stone College Papers, Omni and Playboy.
Secunda CTL
Secunda CTL is a synthetic fuel plant owned by Sasol at Secunda, Mpumalanga in South Africa. It uses coal liquefaction to produce petroleum-like synthetic crude oil from coal. The process used by Sasol is based on the Fischer–Tropsch process. It is the largest coal liquefaction plant and the largest single emitter of greenhouse gas in the world.

Secunda CTL consists of two production units. The Sasol II unit was constructed in 1980 and the Sasol III unit in 1984.  It has total production capacity of 160,000 barrels per day (25,000 m3/d).

Synthetic fuel
Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.

Common ways for refining synthetic fuels include the Fischer–Tropsch conversion, methanol to gasoline conversion, or direct coal liquefaction.
Matiguás
Matiguás (Spanish pronunciation: [matiˈɣwas]) is a town and a municipality in the Matagalpa department of Nicaragua. It is also the twin city of Saarlouis in Germany. It is located 249 kilometres from Managua, and 75 kilometres from Matagalpa City, the department capital.

It was established as a town in 1920, and was promoted to the category of city in 1999. It is the largest municipality of the department, and it is also one of the top milk producing regions in the country, along with the municipalities of Muy Muy, Río Blanco, and Paiwas.

In the Sumo language, "Matiguás" is translated as "water mouse."

Matagalpa Department
Matagalpa (Spanish pronunciation: [mataˈɣalpa]) is a department in central Nicaragua. It covers an area of 6,804 km2 and has a population of 600,057 (2021 est). The capital is the city of Matagalpa with a population of about 111,000.

Matagalpa is the second largest region of the country in population size, and the fifth in area (after the North Atlantic, the South Atlantic, Jinotega and Río San Juan).

Matagalpa is the most diversified region producing coffee, cattle, milk products, vegetables, wood, gold, flowers. Its extensive forests, rivers and geography are suited for ecotourism.

Although the Cacaopera people constitute the majority of the indigenous inhabitants in Matagalpa, the Nahua people inhabit the Sebaco valley, one of the most fertile areas in Nicaragua.
Ula, Muğla
Ula is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 479 km2, and its population is 26,613 (2022). Its name reflects the ancient town of Ula in ancient Caria, whose site is conjectured to be nearby.

The town of Ula is situated at a distance of only 14 km (9 mi) from the province seat of Muğla, a mile after a bifurcation on the road to Marmaris. It is notable for its old houses in the Turkish style and the vast forest region that extends to the south along the country road called Çiçekli after the town. The history of the inhabitants and the town, situated in ancient Caria, can be traced at least as far back as the dynasty of Menteşe.

The towns of Akyaka and Gökova, situated at a close distance to each other at the tip of the Gulf of Gökova, are both rising centers of international tourism.

Ula (Caria)
Ula or Oula was a town of ancient Caria. Its name does not appear in ancient writers, but is inferred from ancient inscriptions. Oula appears in the Athenian tribute lists and paid an annual tribute of 17 drachmae, 1 obol.

Its site is tentatively identified with Ula ilçe (district) of Muğla Province in Asiatic Turkey.
La Salle Explorers football
The  La Salle Explorers football team  was an American football team representing La Salle University.  The team competed in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) football league at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision level (formerly I-AA).

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
Stoppa sabbet
Stoppa sabbet (lit. 'Stop the sabotage') was a Swedish campaign against payphone vandalism, run by the state telecom agency Televerket, starting in 1980. The campaign especially targeted preadolescent children, including an annual drawing competition for 6th graders and various other outreach efforts and sponsorships. Advertising that was part of the campaign was placed in phone books, telephone booths and comic books. Part of the campaign was the funding of the film Stockholmsnatt for 2,000,000 Swedish kronor.

Televerket claimed that the campaign had some effect on payphone vandalism, though costs associated with vandalism remained high throughout.

Televerket (Sweden)
Televerket was a Swedish State authority acting as a state-owned corporation (public enterprise), responsible for telecommunications in Sweden from 1853 until 1993. Originally it was named Kongl. Elektriska Telegraf-Werket (literally: Royal Electric Telegraph Agency), which was founded in 1853. Its name changed to Kongl. Telegrafverket in 1871, Kungl. Telegrafverket in 1903, the prefix Kungl. (an abbreviation of "Kunglig", "Kungliga"; English: Royal) was dropped in 1946 and the name was further modernised to Televerket in 1953. Televerket continued on with its telecommunications monopoly until corporatisation in 1993, when it was renamed Telia, now part of Telia Company.
Thomas Scheibitz
Thomas Scheibitz (born 1968 in Radeberg, East Germany) is a German painter and sculptor. Together with Tino Sehgal he created the German pavilion on the 51st Venice Biennale in 2005. He lives and works in Berlin.

Radeberg
Radeberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːdəˌbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a small town in the district of Bautzen, Saxony, Germany. It is located approximately 20 kilometres north-east of Dresden. The town has an Evangelical and a Roman Catholic church, and an old castle.
Starozhilovsky District
Starozhilovsky District (Russian: Старожи́ловский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,007 square kilometers (389 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Starozhilovo. Population: 17,136 (2010 Census);  17,954 (2002 Census); 17,762 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Starozhilovo accounts for 29.7% of the district's total population.

Starozhilovo, Ryazan Oblast
Starozhilovo (Russian: Старожилово) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Starozhilovsky District of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. Population:  5,088 (2010 Census); 5,279 (2002 Census); 5,337 (1989 Soviet census).
Hartley Craig
Hartley Samuel Craig (19 September 1917 – 26 August 2007) was an Australian cricketer, born in Prospect, Adelaide.

Craig served with the Royal Australian Air Force during the Second World War as a flight sergeant. He played a number of minor matches in 1945 for the Royal Australian Air Force cricket team, but his only first-class appearance came at the end of that summer when he played for the Dominions against England at Lord's. Opening the batting he scored 56 and 32.

His brother Reginald had a longer first-class career, playing 31 times for South Australia.

Dominions cricket team
A Dominions cricket team, representing the Dominions of the British Empire, played nine cricket matches, all in England during wartime. The team was formed in June 1918 and played three matches against an England XI that summer, two at Lord's and one at Kennington Oval but these were not first-class. The team was revived in May 1943 and played six matches between then and August 1945. The team's sole first-class match was against England at Lord's in late August 1945. This was the seventh match of first-class status to be played in England since 1939.