hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander of Argyll
Alexander of Argyll, also known as Alexander of Lorne, and Alexander MacDougall (Scottish Gaelic: Alasdair MacDubhgaill; died 1310), was a Scottish magnate from the late 13th and early 14th century.

Alexander was the son of Ewen MacDougall, Lord of Argyll. Although the details of Alexander's early life are largely unknown, he appears to have succeeded to his father's position as Lord of Argyll and Lorne and head of the MacDougall kindred after the latter's death in 1268. Alexander appears to have been named after King Alexander III of Scotland. Under the latter's authority, Alexander was involved in the Scottish expedition that quelled a revolt on the Isle of Man in 1275.

In 1284 he joined with other Scottish noblemen who acknowledged Margaret of Norway as the heir of Alexander.

Manx revolt of 1275
The Manx revolt of 1275 was an uprising on the Isle of Man in 1275, led by Guðrøðr Magnússon. The uprising initially expelled the Scots, who had received the Isle of Man in 1266 by the Treaty of Perth from the Kingdom of Norway. King Alexander III of Scotland responded by sending a large fleet and troops to crush the rebellion.
Joaquín Rodrigo
Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre, 1st Marquess of the Gardens of Aranjuez (Spanish: [xoaˈkin roˈðɾiɣo]; 22 November 1901 – 6 July 1999), was a Spanish composer and a virtuoso pianist. He is best known for composing the Concierto de Aranjuez, a cornerstone of the classical guitar repertoire.

Classical guitar repertoire
To a greater extent than most other instruments and ensembles, it is difficult to compose music for the guitar without either proficiency in the instrument or close collaboration with a guitarist.  As a result, a large part of the guitar repertoire consists of works by guitarists who did not compose extensively for other instruments. Music prior to the classical era was often composed for performance on various combinations of instruments, and could be adapted by the performer to keyboard instruments, the lute, or the guitar. Since the beginning of the 20th century, however, a significant amount of music has been written for the guitar by non-guitarist composers.
Volkswagen Magotan
The Volkswagen Magotan (Chinese: 大众迈腾; pinyin: Dàzhòng Màiténg) is a mid-size sedan manufactured by the Chinese automobile manufacturer FAW-Volkswagen as a sister model to the European Volkswagen Passat since 2007 in Changchun. In China, a different model is sold under the name Passat. This model is produced by SAIC Volkswagen.

FAW-Volkswagen
FAW-Volkswagen Automobile Co., Ltd. is a joint venture between FAW Group and Volkswagen Group which manufactures Audi and Volkswagen marque passenger cars for sale in China. It was founded on 6 February 1991.

FAW-VW is headquartered in the south-western fringes of Changchun, Jilin Province, where it also has two vehicle assembly plants. It has an additional assembly plant in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and a fourth plant is under construction in Foshan, Guangdong Province. FAW-VW is capable of producing the cars based on the platforms of PQ34, PQ35 and PQ46.

FAW-VW's year-on-year production volume exceeded 513,000 units as of 31 July 2009.
Groote Schuur High School
Groote Schuur High School (formerly Hoërskool Groote Schuur) is a public English medium high school situated in Newlands – part of the Southern Suburbs region of Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Founded in 1959 as an Afrikaans medium school in 1959, it was reserved for white pupils during the apartheid era. It became multiracial in the 1990s, when it became parallel-medium, with classes offered in both English and Afrikaans. English became the sole medium of instruction in 2011.

Southern Suburbs, Cape Town
The Southern Suburbs are a group of predominantly affluent, 
Anglophone suburbs in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. The region is home to mainly detached homes, and features tree-lined streets and numerous public parks.

This group of neighborhoods includes, among others, Observatory, Mowbray, Pinelands, Rosebank, Rondebosch, Rondebosch East, Newlands, Claremont, Lansdowne, Kenilworth, Bishopscourt, Constantia, Wynberg, Ottery, Plumstead, Diep River, Meadowridge, Bergvliet, Tokai, Grassy Park, and Zeekoevlei.
Elizabeth Woody
Elizabeth Woody (born 1959) is an American Navajo/Warm Springs/Wasco/Yakama artist, author, and educator. In March 2016, she was the first Native American to be named poet laureate of Oregon by Governor Kate Brown.

Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
2016–17 Northeastern Huskies men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Northeastern Huskies men's basketball team represented Northeastern University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Huskies, led by eleventh-year head coach Bill Coen, played their home games at Matthews Arena in Boston Massachusetts as members of the Colonial Athletic Association. They finished the season 15–16, 8–10 in CAA play to finish in sixth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the CAA tournament to Towson.

2016–17 Towson Tigers men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Towson Tigers men's basketball team represented Towson University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by sixth year head coach Pat Skerry, played their home games at SECU Arena in Towson, Maryland as members of the Colonial Athletic Association. They finished the season 20–13, 11–7 in CAA play to finish in third place. They defeated Northeastern in the quarterfinals of the CAA tournament to advance to the semifinals where they lost to College of Charleston. Despite a 20 win season, the Tigers declined to participate in a postseason tournament.
Monte Grande (Sal)
Monte Grande (Portuguese meaning “big mountain”) is a mountain in the northern part of the island of Sal in Cape Verde. It is situated 8 km northeast of the island capital Espargos. At 405 m (1,329 ft) elevation, it is the highest point of the island. It is a protected landscape because of its geological value; the protected area covers 1,309 ha (3,230 acres). There are pillow lava formations on the coast.

Sal, Cape Verde
Sal (Portuguese for "salt") is an island in Cape Verde. Sal is a tourist destination with white sand beaches and over 350 days of sunshine a year. It is one of the three sandy eastern islands of the Cape Verde archipelago in the central Atlantic Ocean, 350 miles (560 km) off the west coast of Africa. Cabo Verde is known for  year-round kiteboarding, for the large reserve of Caretta turtles which hatch from July to September, and the music of Cesaria Evora. Cabo Verde is now the world's largest nesting aggregation for this turtle species, and Sal has the second-largest rookery.
Union Pacific (TV series)
Union Pacific is a Western television series starring Jeff Morrow, Judson Pratt, and Susan Cummings that aired in syndication from 1958 until 1959. This show was inspired by the 1939 film also named Union Pacific, starring Joel McCrea, Barbara Stanwyck, and Robert Preston.

The series follows the exploits of Bart McClelland, played by Morrow, as he supervises the construction and extension of the Union Pacific Railroad west of Omaha, Nebraska, to Promontory, northwest of Salt Lake City, Utah. McClelland was mostly concerned with right-of-way issues, which could be affected by stubborn landowners, ranchers, Indians, outlaws, and other factors. Helping McClelland with his work was surveyor Billy Kincaid, played by Pratt. Susan Cummings rounded out the cast as Georgia, proprietor of the Golden Nugget Saloon, the rolling bar that followed the railroad workers along the tracks. Union Pacific never developed a following and was cancelled after a single season.

Susan Cummings (actress)
Susan Cummings (née Gerda Susanne Tafel; July 10, 1930 – December 3, 2016) was a German-American actress active from the 1940s to 1960s who started as a teenager in the earliest days of commercial television and appeared in television shows, feature films and on Broadway. Her birth surname of Tafel was sometimes printed as Ta Fel.
'Merican
'Merican is an EP by the American punk rock band Descendents, released February 10, 2004. It was the band's first release for Fat Wreck Chords and served as a pre-release to their sixth studio album Cool to Be You, released the following month. The EP includes two songs from the album: "Nothing with You" and "'Merican", and three B-sides from the album's sessions: "Here with Me", "I Quit", and the hidden track "Alive". 'Merican marked the first release of new studio material from the Descendents since 1996's Everything Sucks and was their third release ever to chart, peaking at number 29 on Billboard's Top Independent Albums chart and at number 38 on Top Heatseekers.

Milo Aukerman
Milo Jay Aukerman (/ɒkɜːrmən/; born January 1, 1963) is an American singer, songwriter, and former research molecular biologist. Aukerman is most widely known for being the lead vocalist of the punk rock band the Descendents, a group widely considered to be pioneers of pop-punk. A caricature of Aukerman serves as the band's mascot.
Live Stiffs Live
Live Stiffs Live is a live album released in 1978 by Stiff Records. It compiles concert performances by several of the record label's artists recorded during the "Live Stiffs Tour", which ran from 3 October to 5 November 1977.

Wreckless Eric
Eric Goulden (born 18 May 1954), known as Wreckless Eric, is an English rock and new wave singer-songwriter, best known for his 1977 single "Whole Wide World" on Stiff Records.  More than two decades after its release, the song was included in Mojo magazine's list of the best punk rock singles of all time. It was also acclaimed as one of the "top 40 singles of the alternative era 1975–2000".
I Am Omega
I Am Omega, stylized as I Am Ωmega, is a 2007 American direct-to-DVD post-apocalyptic science fiction thriller film produced by The Asylum and starring Mark Dacascos. The film is an unofficial and uncredited adaptation of the 1954 novel I Am Legend by Richard Matheson, the title being a reference to the 1971 film adaptation The Omega Man. The movie was intentionally released as a "mockbuster" to capitalize on the release of the theatrical film I Am Legend of the same year.

I Am Legend (novel)
I Am Legend is a 1954 post-apocalyptic horror novel by American writer Richard Matheson that was influential in the modern development of zombie and vampire literature, and in popularizing the concept of a worldwide apocalypse due to disease. The novel was a success and was adapted into the films The Last Man on Earth (1964), The Omega Man (1971), and I Am Legend (2007). It was also an inspiration for George A. Romero's Night of the Living Dead (1968).
Xdelta
Xdelta is a command line tool for delta encoding, which stores or transmits the difference (deltas) between sequential data, instead of entire files. This is similar to diff and patch, except diff computes and shows the difference between two complete files, while patch is primarily designed for human-readable text files; Xdelta is designed for binary files and does not generate human readable output.

Xdelta was first released sometime before October 12, 1997 by Joshua MacDonald, who currently maintains the program. The algorithm of xdelta1 was based on the algorithm of rsync, developed by Andrew Tridgell, though it uses a smaller block size.

Xdelta version 3 is primarily designed to work with streams following the standardized VCDIFF format, and it realized the compatibility among other delta encoding software which supports the VCDIFF format. It runs on Unix-like operating systems and Microsoft Windows. xdelta can handle up to 264 byte files, and it is suitable for large backups.

VCDIFF
VCDIFF is a format and an algorithm for delta encoding, described in IETF's RFC 3284. The algorithm is based on Jon Bentley and Douglas McIlroy's paper "Data Compression Using Long Common Strings" written in 1999. VCDIFF is used as one of the delta encoding algorithms in "Delta encoding in HTTP" (RFC 3229) and was employed in Google's Shared Dictionary Compression Over HTTP technology, formerly used in their Chrome browser.
Gilbert, Arkansas
Gilbert is a town in Searcy County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 26 at the 2020 census, ranking it as the smallest municipality in the state and one of the smallest in the nation. Over the years, Gilbert has gained a reputation (along with Calico Rock) as one of the coldest locations in Arkansas.

Searcy County, Arkansas
Searcy County (/ˈsɜːrsi/ SUR-see) is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,828. The county seat is Marshall. The county was formed December 13, 1838, from a portion of Marion County and named for Richard Searcy, the first clerk and judge in the Arkansas Territory. The city of Searcy, Arkansas, some 70 miles away, shares the name despite having never been part of Searcy County. The county is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.
Please Don't Sympathise
"Please Don't Sympathise" is a song by Scottish singer Sheena Easton, recorded for her 1982 album Madness, Money & Music. It was written by Steve Thompson and produced by Christopher Neil. In 1983, Canadian singer Celine Dion recorded the song in French, titled "Ne me plaignez pas". It was included on her album Les chemins de ma maison and released as a single in 1984.

Madness, Money & Music
Madness, Money & Music is the third album by singer Sheena Easton. It was released in 1982 and produced by Christopher Neil. The album includes the singles "I Wouldn't Beg for Water" (US number 64) and "Machinery" (US number 57, UK number 38), as well as the UK single "Are You Man Enough" and Dutch hit "Ice Out In The Rain" (Holland number 21).
Off the Hook (Xscape album)
Off the Hook is the second studio album by American R&B group Xscape. It was released on July 11, 1995, through So So Def Recordings and Sony Music Entertainment. The album was produced by Jermaine Dupri, Organized Noize, and Daryl Simmons and features a guest appearance by MC Lyte. Off the Hook was preceded by the release of four singles — "Feels So Good", "Who Can I Run To" and "Can't Hang/Do You Want To".

The album debuted at number twenty-three on the US Billboard 200 and number three on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It was eventually certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on November 16, 1995  and won the 1996 Soul Train Music Award for R&B/Soul Album of the Year – Group, Band or Duo.

Feels So Good (Xscape song)
"Feels So Good" is a song by American girl group Xscape, released in June 1995 by So So Def Recordings as the first single from their second album, Off the Hook (1995). The song was co-written and produced by Jermaine Dupri, and group members Kandi Burruss and LaTocha Scott sing lead on it. It reached No. 32 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 8 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Elsewhere, it also charted in the United Kingdom at No. 34, and in New Zealand at No. 24.
Philip Willem van Heusde
Philip Willem van Heusde (17 June 1778 in Rotterdam – 2 July 1839 in Geneva) was a Dutch philosopher and educator. He is known for his influence on the founders of the so-called Groningen school of theology.

He studied literature and law in Amsterdam and Leiden. In 1803 he received his doctorate in literature with a dissertation on Plato. During the same year, he obtained his law degree. From 1803 to 1815, he was a professor of history, antiquities, eloquence and Greek studies at Utrecht University, where from 1815 to 1839, he was a professor of theoretical philosophy and literature. At Utrecht, he also served as university librarian (1816-1839). He died on 2 July 1839 in Geneva, while traveling to Rome.

Van Heusde was a prominent figure in the Protestant Réveil movement during the early part of the 19th century. His humanistic ideas found widespread support from educators, theologians and jurists. During his career, he strove to improve education in high schools.

Groningen theology
The Groningen Theology was a theological movement in the Dutch Reformed Church of the mid-nineteenth century that sought a middle way between theological rationalism and orthodox Calvinism. The innovators of the Groningen theology—Petrus Hofstede de Groot (1802-1886), Johan Frederik van Oordt (1794-1852), and Louis Gerlach Pareau (1800-1866)—were professors at the Royal University of Groningen who met weekly with friends and pastors starting in 1835 to study the New Testament. Professor Willem Muurling (1805-1882) joined the society after Van Oordt accepted a chair at Leiden in 1839. The Groningen theologians attracted national attention above all through their journal, Waarheid in Liefde (Truth in Love), which ran from 1837 to 1872.
Helicolocellus
Helicolocellus cantori is an extinct sponge from the late Ediacaran of China, and possibly related to the Hexactinellida. It is a monotypic genus, containing only H. cantori, and if confirmed, would be the oldest crown group sponge known as of 2024.

Hexactinellid
Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges. They are usually classified along with other sponges in the phylum Porifera, but some researchers consider them sufficiently distinct to deserve their own phylum, Symplasma. Some experts believe that glass sponges are the longest-lived animals on earth; these scientists tentatively estimate a maximum age of up to 15,000 years.
Found Heaven On Tour
Found Heaven On Tour was the fifth headlining tour by American singer-songwriter Conan Gray, in support of his third studio album Found Heaven (2024). The tour began on July 11, 2024, in Melbourne, Australia, and concluded on November 10, 2024, in London, England. The tour visited seven countries across three continents, comprising 40 shows. Kat Edwards, Maisie Peters and Between Friends served as the opening acts.

Between Friends (duo)
Between Friends is an American musical group composed of siblings Brandon and Savannah Hudson. In 2013, they were quarterfinalists on Season 8 of America's Got Talent. The duo continued to pursue music, forming Between Friends in 2017, and released their first EP in 2018. As of August 2025, they have over 2,000,000 monthly listeners on Spotify.
Schützen (military)
Schützen (lit. 'shooters', but usually translated as "marksmen") is a German plural noun used to designate a type of military unit of infantrymen, originally armed with a rifled musket and used in a light-infantry or skirmishing role – and hence similar to the Jäger. The individual infantrymen are termed Schütze. Prior to the introduction of firearms the word was used for 'archer', and is sometimes used in the form Bogenschütze (bowman – lit. 'bow shooter').

The verb schützen (to protect) is not related to the plural noun Schützen, but to "Schutz" (protection).

Light infantry
Light infantry refers to certain types of lightly equipped infantry throughout history. They have a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as heavy infantry or line infantry. Historically, light infantry often fought as scouts, raiders, and skirmishers. These are loose formations that fight ahead of the main army to harass, delay, disrupt supply lines, engage the enemy's own skirmishing forces, and generally "soften up" an enemy before the main battle. Light infantrymen were also often responsible for screening the main body of a military formation.

Following World War II, the term "light infantry" has evolved to include rapid-deployment units (including commando and airborne units) that emphasize speed and mobility over armor and firepower. Some units or battalions that historically held a skirmishing role retain their designation "light infantry" for the sake of tradition.
Conflict-driven clause learning
In computer science, conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) is an algorithm for solving the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT).  Given a Boolean formula, the SAT problem asks for an assignment of variables so that the entire formula evaluates to true.  The internal workings of CDCL SAT solvers were inspired by DPLL solvers. The main difference between CDCL and DPLL is that CDCL's backjumping is non-chronological.

Conflict-driven clause learning was proposed by Marques-Silva and Karem A. Sakallah (1996, 1999) and Bayardo and Schrag (1997).

Implication graph
In mathematical logic and graph theory, an implication graph is a skew-symmetric, directed graph G = (V, E) composed of vertex set V and directed edge set E. Each vertex in V represents the truth status of a Boolean literal, and each directed edge from vertex u to vertex v represents the material implication "If the literal u is true then the literal v is also true". Implication graphs were originally used for analyzing complex Boolean expressions.
Tapela and Another v Attorney General and Others
Tapela and Another v Attorney General and Others is a legal case in Botswana concerning the right of two HIV-positive non-citizen prisoners to access antiretroviral (ARV) medication at state expense. On 22 August 2014, the High Court of Botswana in Gaborone ordered the government of Botswana to provide ARV medication to the prisoners.

High Court of Botswana
The High Court of Botswana is a superior court of law in Botswana. It is based in Gaborone with branches in Lobatse, Francistown, and Maun. It operates above the Magistrates' Courts of Botswana, but below the Appeal Court. The High Court is headed by the Chief Justice of Botswana.
Saheed Popoola
Saheed Adekeye Olalekan Popoola born (17 January 1971) is a Nigerian politician and a builder. He is a member of the 8th Kwara State House of Assembly and 9th Kwara State House of Assembly, representing the Ojomu/Balogun Constituency. He previously served as executive chairman of the Offa within the Kwara State of Nigeria.

8th Kwara State House of Assembly
The 8th Kwara State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Kwara State Government inaugurated on June 8, 2015.
The assembly ran its course till June 3, 2019. The assembly is unicameral with 24 representatives elected from each constituencies of the state.
The incumbent Speaker of the Kwara State House of Assembly of the 8th Legislative Assembly is Rt. Hon Ali Ahmad (lawyer) and the Deputy speaker is Hon. Okedare Matthew.
The election of representative for the 8th legislative assembly was held on April 28, 2015.
Princess Naniwa no Ono
Princess Naniwa no Ono (also Nanihaonu) (? – 489) was Empress of Japan as the consort of Emperor Kenzō.

Princess Naniwa was the daughter of Prince Oka-no-Wakugo and great-granddaughter of Emperor Yūryaku.

After her husband's death, and the accession of his successor, Naniwa committed suicide, possibly due to fears over having disrespected Emperor Ninken when he was crown prince.

Emperor Kenzō
Emperor Kenzō (顕宗天皇, Kenzō-tennō) (450 – 2 June 487) was the 23rd legendary emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 1 February 485 to 2 June 487.