hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Twin Earth thought experiment
Twin Earth is a thought experiment proposed by philosopher Hilary Putnam in his papers "Meaning and Reference" (1973) and "The Meaning of 'Meaning'" (1975). It is meant to serve as an illustration of his argument for semantic externalism, or the view that the meanings of words are not purely psychological. The Twin Earth thought experiment was one of three examples that Putnam offered in support of semantic externalism, the other two being what he called the Aluminum-Molybdenum case and the Beech-Elm case. Since the publication of these cases, numerous variations on the thought experiment have been proposed by philosophers.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
Shannen W. Coffin
Shannen Wayne Coffin (born September 19, 1969) is an American attorney for the Washington, D.C. law firm Steptoe & Johnson LLP who until early November 2007 served as general counsel to American Vice President Dick Cheney. Coffin was previously at the Department of Justice, where he served as a Deputy Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Division.

Prior to joining the Justice Department, Coffin had worked for Steptoe & Johnson in its Supreme Court and appellate practice. He clerked for Judge David B. Sentelle on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in the 1994–1995 term.

Coffin came to national attention when his correspondence with U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont surfaced in regard to the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy that became public in August 2007.

Coffin is married to Casey Coffin and has written articles for National Review's website and publications for the Federalist Society.

He grew up in Springhill in northernmost Webster Parish, Louisiana.

Steptoe LLP
Steptoe LLP (formerly known as Steptoe & Johnson LLP) is an international law firm headquartered in Washington, D.C. It maintains offices in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, San Francisco, London, Brussels, Beijing, and Hong Kong.
Abdi Bashir Indhobuur
Abdi Bashiir Indhobuur was a Somali poet  and songwriter. He wrote a song called Arligeygow, translated to mean My Land. He also wrote the famous song "Isku Duubni baa", translated to "By Unity".

Indhobuur was born in Gaalkacyo in the Mudug region of Somalia.

Galkayo
Galkayo (Somali: Gaalkacyo, Arabic: جالكعيو, Italian: Gallacaio also known as Rocca Littorio) is the third-largest city in Somalia and serves as the capital of the north-central Mudug region.

Geographically, Galkayo is divided into four main quarters: Garsoor, Horumar, Israac, and Wadajir. Galkayo is divided between the regional states of Puntland and Galmudug. It serves as the capital of the Galkayo District as well as the Mudug region, and it has grown considerably in recent times, becoming a commercial hub connecting southern Somalia with the northern parts of the country.
Eric J. Johnson
Eric  J. Johnson is the inaugural holder of the Norman Eig Chair of Business, and Director of the Center for Decision Sciences, Columbia Business School at Columbia University. His research examines the interface between Psychology Economics and the decisions made by consumers, managers, and their implications for public policy, markets and marketing.

Query theory
Query theory (QT) is a theory that proposes that preferences are constructed, rather than pre-stored and immediately retrievable (as assumed by many economic models) by individuals in accordance with the answers to one or more internally posed questions, or queries. Further, the order of such queries is dependent on the structure of the choice situation or task, and can influence retrieval of information, leading to different decisions. This is a descriptive model that attempts to explain why individuals make a decision, rather than propose an optimal decision.
Saratoga Automobile Museum
The Saratoga Automobile Museum is located in the 2,379-acre (963 ha) Saratoga Spa State Park in Saratoga Springs, New York.  Housed in a former water bottling plant built in 1935, the museum is chartered by the Board of Regents of the State of New York Department of Education as a 501(c) 3 not-for-profit institution and focuses on the impact of the automobile in the past, present and future in New York and the wider world. The Museum is also a member of the American Alliance of Museums (AAM).

Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track operated by the New York Racing Association, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses".
Kate Hogan
Kate Hogan (born January 15, 1957, in Lynn, Massachusetts) is an American politician from Stow, Massachusetts. A Democrat, she is a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives representing the 3rd Middlesex district. She was first elected in 2008 and took office on January 7, 2009.

Stow, Massachusetts
Stow is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The town is located 21 miles (34 km) west of Boston, in the MetroWest region of Massachusetts. The population was 7,174 at the 2020 census. Stow was officially incorporated in 1683 with an area of approximately 40 square miles (100 km2).

Over centuries it gave up land as newer, smaller towns were created, ceding land to Harvard (1732), Shirley (1765), Boxborough (1783), Hudson (1866) and Maynard (1871). Stow now has an area of 18.1 square miles (47 km2). With the exception of factories at Assabet Village and Rock Bottom (later Maynard and Gleasondale), Stow was primarily sparsely settled farm and orchard land until the 1950s.
Gao Kaidao
Gao Kaidao (Chinese: 高開道; died 624), at one point known as Li Kaidao (李開道), was an agrarian rebel leader who rose against the Sui dynasty at the end of Emperor Yang's reign. He occupied the region centering Huairong (懷戎, in modern Zhangjiakou, Hebei) and claimed the title of Prince of Yan, in alliance with the Eastern Turkic Khaganate (Dong Tujue). In 620, he briefly submitted to Emperor Gaozu of Tang and was bestowed the imperial surname of Li, but in 621 he rebelled against Tang and reasserted independence.  In 624, his general Zhang Jinshu (張金樹) started a coup and he, realizing that the coup was about to succeed, committed suicide.

Dai County
Dai County, also known by its Chinese name Daixian, is a county in Xinzhou, Shanxi Province, China. Its county seat at Shangguan is also known as Daixian. The county has an area of 1,729 km2 (668 sq mi) and had a population of 178,870 at the time of the 2020 census. The county is the home of the AAAAA-rated Yanmen Pass Scenic Area along the Great Wall, as well as the Bianjing Drum Tower, the Ayuwang Pagoda, and the Zhao Gao Forest Park.
Taxi Driver (Rkomi album)
Taxi Driver is the third studio album by Italian rapper Rkomi, released by Island Records on 30 April 2021.

The album peaked at number one on the Italian Albums Chart, becoming the best-selling album of 2021 in Italy. and the second one in 2022. It was certified eight platinum by FIMI. In 2022, a remastering of the album Taxi Driver + was released, which featured the song "Insuperabile" which competed at the 72nd Sanremo Music Festival, and Italian Singles Chart topper collaboration "La coda del diavolo" with Elodie.

Insuperabile
"Insuperabile" is a song co-written and recorded by Italian rapper Rkomi. It was released on 2 February 2022 through Universal Music Italy, as the second single from the reissue of his third studio album Taxi Driver.

The song competed during the 72nd Sanremo Music Festival, Italy's musical festival which doubles also as a selection of the act for Eurovision Song Contest, where it placed 17th in the grand final.
Worldwide (song)
"Worldwide" is a song by American pop group, Big Time Rush. It is the third single from their debut album, BTR and was released on July 23, 2011. A digital EP was released on August 5, 2011, and includes 2 remixes of "Til I Forget About You" and "Stuck", while the CD single only has the Cash Cash remix of "Til I Forget About You".

Big Time Rush (group)
Big Time Rush is an American pop music boy band formed in 2009. The group is composed of Kendall Schmidt, James Maslow, Logan Henderson, and Carlos PenaVega. They initially signed with Nick Records in 2009 and then transferred to Columbia Records. The group starred as a fictional version of themselves in Nickelodeon's television series of the same name. The show ran from November 28, 2009, to July 25, 2013. The pilot episode featured the group's first promotional single, "Big Time Rush". The group has released four studio albums: BTR in 2010, Elevate in 2011, 24/Seven in 2013, and Another Life in 2023. The band went on hiatus in 2014, which lasted until 2021 when the group resumed live performances and released the single "Call It Like I See It".
Athinaio
Athinaio (Greek: Αθήναιο; before 1928 Αλήκα, Alika) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Valtetsi, Tripoli, Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on a hillside, north of the river Alfeios. The community includes the village Marmaria. Athinaio is 2 km southwest of Asea, 10 km east of Megalopoli and 16 km southwest of Tripoli. The A7 motorway (Corinth–Tripoli–Kalamata) passes south of the village.

Arcadia (regional unit)
Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία, romanized: Arkadía Modern Greek: [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ]) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan.
Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies
Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies Service (CALS) is a UK local government institution which collects and preserves archives, other historical documents and printed material relating to the modern county of Cambridgeshire, which includes the former counties of Huntingdonshire and the Isle of Ely. CALS is part of Cambridgeshire County Council.

CALS runs two record offices, one at Ely and the other at Huntingdon. Both record offices are recognised by The National Archives as places of deposit for public records, and by the Church of England as repositories for ecclesiastical records.

In addition, CALS also runs three local studies libraries, at Cambridge, Huntingdon and Wisbech, to hold printed and published material.

In 2019 the Cambridge archive was moved from its original home in the basement of Shire Hall in Cambridge to the site of a former bowling alley at The Dock in Ely.

Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.
Suqtaqucha
Suqtaqucha (Quechua suqta six, qucha lake, "six lakes", hispanicized spelling Soctaccocha) is the name of a group of lakes in Peru. They are situated in the Apurímac Region, Andahuaylas Province, Kishuara District.

Andahuaylas province
Andahuaylas is the second largest of the seven provinces of the Apurímac Region in Peru. The capital of the province is the city of Andahuaylas. The province is located in the north-western part of the region and measures 3,987.00 square kilometres (1,539.39 sq mi).
Hwaseong IBK Altos
Hwaseong IBK Altos (Korean: 화성 IBK 기업은행 알토스) is a South Korean women's professional volleyball team founded in 2011. In the 2012−13 V-League season, just one year after the team was founded, the club won both the regular season title, having won 25 out of 30 regular season games, and its first championship. The club became the first Korean professional sports team to win a championship title in their second season. Since then, the Altos have won two more championships, in the 2014–15 and 2016–17 seasons. They are based in Hwaseong and are members of the Korea Volleyball Federation (KOVO). Their home arena is Hwaseong Indoor Arena in Hwaseong.

Hwaseong, Gyeonggi
Hwaseong (Korean: 화성; Korean pronunciation: [ɸa.sʰʌŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It is located on the coast of the Yellow Sea. It has the largest area of farmland of any city or county in Gyeonggi Province. Seoul Subway Line 1 passes through Hwaseong, stopping at Byeongjeom Station. Suin-Bundang Line also passes through the city, stopping at Eocheon Station.

Hwaseong Fortress is located in nearby Suwon.
2019 Supercopa Uruguaya
The 2019 Supercopa Uruguaya was the second edition of the Supercopa Uruguaya, Uruguay's football super cup. It was held on 3 February 2019 between 2018 Torneo Intermedio winners Nacional and 2018 Primera División champions Peñarol.

The match was played at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo. Nacional won their first Supercopa title following a 1–1 draw with Peñarol after extra time and a 4–3 win on kicks from the penalty mark.

2018 Campeonato Uruguayo Primera División
The 2018 Liga Profesional de Primera División season, also known as the Campeonato Uruguayo 2018, was the 115th season of Uruguay's top-flight football league, and the 88th in which it is professional. The season was named as "Ing. Julio César Franzini" and began on 3 February, ending on 11 November. Peñarol were the defending champions, and successfully defended the title with a 2–1 win over Nacional in the championship playoff.
Carry On, Jeeves
Carry On, Jeeves is a collection of ten short stories by P. G. Wodehouse. It was first published in the United Kingdom on 9 October 1925 by Herbert Jenkins, London, and in the United States on 7 October 1927 by George H. Doran, New York. Many of the stories had previously appeared in the Saturday Evening Post, and some were rewritten versions of stories in the collection My Man Jeeves (1919). The book is considered part of the Jeeves canon.

The first story in the book, "Jeeves Takes Charge", describes Jeeves' arrival in his master's life, as a replacement for Wooster's previous, thieving valet, and features Lady Florence Craye, as well as a passing mention of Lord Emsworth and Blandings Castle.

Several of the other stories are set in New York, and the book includes appearances by regular characters Bingo Little, Aunt Dahlia, Anatole, and Sir Roderick Glossop.

Roderick Glossop
Sir Roderick Glossop is a recurring fictional character in the comic novels and short stories of P. G. Wodehouse. Sometimes referred to as a "nerve specialist" or a "loony doctor", he is a prominent practitioner of psychiatry in Wodehouse's works, appearing in several Jeeves stories and in one Blandings Castle story.

Though he is initially antagonistic towards Bertie Wooster, they become friends in later stories.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Schenectady County, New York
List of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Schenectady County, New York

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Schenectady County, New York.  The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates".  Four of the sites are further designated U.S. National Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.

Schenectady County, New York
Schenectady County (/skəˈnɛktədi/) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,061. The county seat is Schenectady. The name is from a Mohawk language word meaning "on the other side of the pine lands," a term that originally applied to Albany. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Schenectady County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is west of the confluence of the Mohawk with the Hudson River. It includes territory on the north and the south sides of the Mohawk River.
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning 25 years until the popular uprising that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic. He is commonly known as Tarquin the Proud, from his cognomen Superbus (Latin for "proud, arrogant, lofty").

Ancient accounts of the regal period mingle history and legend. Tarquin was said to have been either the son or grandson of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome, and to have gained the throne through the murders of both his wife and his elder brother, followed by the assassination of his predecessor, Servius Tullius. His reign has been described as a tyranny that justified the abolition of the monarchy.

Tusculum
Tusculum was an ancient Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable distance from Rome, notably the villas of Cicero and Lucullus.
Enamul Hoque Chowdhury
Enamul Hoque Chowdhury is a Bangladeshi journalist and the former chairman of the Press Institute of Bangladesh. He is also the former editor of the Daily Sun, a prominent English-language daily newspaper in Bangladesh. He was the Minister (Press) at Bangladesh High Commission in New Delhi.

Chowdhury has had a distinguished career in journalism, working with several national and international news agencies and media outlets. He has worked for Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha, The Bangladesh Observer, Daily News (now defunct), The Independent, Desh TV, Reuters, and bdnews24.com.

Press Institute of Bangladesh
Press Institute of Bangladesh or PIB is an autonomous national research institute that provides training to Journalists and carries out research on mass media and journalism in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Faruk Wasif is the present Director General of the institute.
Basant Bahar (film)
Basant Bahar (transl. Beautiful Spring), directed by Raja Nawathe, is a 1956 Indian film.

This musical had nine outstanding songs, with lyrics written by Shailendra and Hasrat Jaipuri; and music composition by Shankar–Jaikishan. The movie is an adaptation of the Kannada novel Hamsageethe by TaRaSu. Hamsa means swan and Geethe means song. It is believed that before a swan dies, it will sing without opening its mouth. That mutter of melody is believed to be unmatched since any scene of lyricism falls short of its reach.

T. R. Subba Rao
Talukina Ramaswamayya Subba Rao (1920–1984), popularly known as TaRaSu, was an Indian novelist and a scholar in the Kannada-language. He is considered as a harbinger of the Navya movement of Kannada literature. He is well known for his novels like Durgashtamana, which won him the Sahitya Akademi award posthumously in 1985.
Scott Clendenin
Scott Clendenin (January 17, 1968 – March 24, 2015) was an American musician most notable for his time spent in the bands Death and Control Denied, both of which were formed by Chuck Schuldiner. Following Schuldiner's passing, both Death and Control Denied disbanded. In 2012, he played for Death to All, former members of Death paying tribute to Schuldiner, as well as members of Bereft and Obscura. Clendenin died on March 24, 2015, with Death bandmate Richard Christy and Death's former manager Eric Greif expressing their shock and sympathy.

Live in L.A. (Death & Raw)
Live in L.A. (Death & Raw) is a live album released by Death. It was recorded on December 5, 1998, in Los Angeles at the Whisky a Go Go and released on October 16, 2001, through Nuclear Blast. The album was also released in DVD format.

This was one of two Death albums originally released to raise money for Chuck Schuldiner's cancer treatment.
Gibbon, Oklahoma
Gibbon is a populated place in Grant County, Oklahoma.  It is southeast of Manchester and northwest of Wakita.

While never formally incorporated, the town was given a post office on March 26, 1896 by early settler William M. McGibbon, to which he attached the “Gibbon” name.  Located on a rail line, the town had two grain elevators, two general stores, a railroad depot, a lumber yard, a cheese factory, a stockyard and a hotel by 1915. Unfortunately, the highway (Oklahoma State Highway 132) bypassed the town, and the drought in the 1930s was hard on the farmers in the area.  Businesses left, and the post office closed in 1945. Few vestiges of a town remain.

Grant County, Oklahoma
Grant County is a county located on the northern border of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,169. Its county seat is Medford. Originally designated as part of the Cherokee Outlet, it was named County L in Oklahoma Territory at the time of its opening to non-Indian settlement. A county election renamed it for U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.
Ceyu
Ceyu (simplified Chinese: 测鱼; traditional Chinese: 測魚; pinyin: Cèyú) is a town of Jingxing County in the Taihang Mountains of southwestern Hebei province, China, located less than 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the border with Shanxi and 27 km (17 mi) south-southwest of the county seat. As of 2011, it has 19 villages under its administration.

Jingxing County
Jingxing County (simplified Chinese: 井陉县; traditional Chinese: 井陘縣; pinyin: Jǐngxíng Xiàn; lit. 'Well Border') is a county of Hebei Province, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang, the capital of the province.

When King Mu of Zhou went hunting in the region, he described the terrain as "the surrounding is high while the center is deep, like a well, [making the region] resemble the border of a stove", hence the name of the county.

According to archeological discoveries, there were inhabitants settled in Dongyuan Village (東元村) during the Stone Age.
Electoral district of Collaroy
Collaroy was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Australian state of New South Wales, created in the 1949 redistribution and first contested at the 1950 state election. The seat was created out of a large area covered by the seats of Hornsby to the north and Manly to the south. It was named after and included the Sydney suburb of Collaroy. It was abolished in 1973 and mostly replaced by Pittwater, with part of it being added to Wakehurst.

Electoral district of Pittwater
Pittwater is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. Located in Sydney's north-east, it is 175.32 km2 in size, and comprises a part of the local government area of Northern Beaches Council, mostly the portion that was formerly Pittwater Council.

It is named after Pittwater, a body of water the district roughly surrounds.

Independent Jacqui Scruby was elected at the 2024 by-election, following the resignation of incumbent Liberal MP Rory Amon on 30 August 2024 after he was charged with child sex offences.