hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantum dynamics
In physics, quantum dynamics is the quantum version of classical dynamics. Quantum dynamics deals with the motions, and energy and momentum exchanges of systems whose behavior is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum dynamics is relevant for burgeoning fields, such as quantum computing and atomic optics.

In mathematics, quantum dynamics is the study of the mathematics behind quantum mechanics. Specifically, as a study of dynamics, this field investigates how quantum mechanical observables change over time. Most fundamentally, this involves the study of one-parameter automorphisms of the algebra of all bounded operators on the Hilbert space of observables (which are self-adjoint operators). These dynamics were understood as early as the 1930s, after Wigner, Stone, Hahn and Hellinger worked in the field. Mathematicians in the field have also studied irreversible quantum mechanical systems on von Neumann algebras.

Dynamics (mechanics)
In classical mechanics, dynamics  is the study of forces and their effect on motion. It is in contrast to statics, which deals with forces on objects at rest. The fundamental principle of dynamics is linked to Newton's second law.
Gazoldo degli Ippoliti
Gazoldo degli Ippoliti (Upper Mantovano: Gasolt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Mantua.

Province of Mantua
The province of Mantua (Italian: provincia di Mantova; Mantuan, Lower Mantuan: pruvincia ad Mantua; Upper Mantuan: pruinsa de Mantua) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Mantua. It is bordered to the north-east by the province of Verona, to the east by the province of Rovigo, to the south by the province of Ferrara, province of Modena, province of Reggio Emilia, and province of Parma, to the west by the province of Cremona, and to the north-west by the province of Brescia.
Lamin
Lamins, also known as nuclear lamins, are fibrous proteins in type V intermediate filaments, providing structural function and transcriptional regulation in the cell nucleus. Nuclear lamins interact with inner nuclear membrane proteins to form the nuclear lamina on the interior of the nuclear envelope. Lamins have elastic and mechanosensitive properties, and can alter gene regulation in a feedback response to mechanical cues. Lamins are present in all animals but are not found in microorganisms, plants or fungi. Lamin proteins are involved in the disassembling and reforming of the nuclear envelope during mitosis, the positioning of nuclear pores, and programmed cell death. Mutations in lamin genes can result in several genetic laminopathies, which may be life-threatening.

Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material.

The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes: an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane. The space between the membranes is called the perinuclear space. It is usually about 10–50 nm wide. The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The nuclear envelope has many nuclear pores that allow materials to move between the cytosol and the nucleus. Intermediate filament proteins called lamins form a structure called the nuclear lamina on the inner aspect of the inner nuclear membrane and give structural support to the nucleus.
The God Makers II
The God Makers II is a documentary-styled film produced by Ed Decker and Jeremiah Films in 1993. The film, a sequel to Decker’s earlier film The God Makers, is intended to be an exposé of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Alvin Smith (brother of Joseph Smith)
Alvin Smith (February 11, 1798 – November 19, 1823) was the eldest brother of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Alvin took a leading role in helping the Smith family work toward paying their debts and building their home. His death at age 25 resulted in his younger brothers Hyrum and  Joseph taking more of a leading role in family affairs. A vision by Joseph Smith showed Alvin, who was not baptized while alive, in the celestial kingdom, which is the highest of the degrees of glory. His presence in the life of young Joseph Smith and in that vision played a significant role in the establishment of the Latter Day Saint doctrines of redemption of those who die without a knowledge of the gospel, as well as the practice of baptism for the dead in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Johnny Dio
Giovanni Ignazio "John" Dioguardi (/ˌdiːoʊˈɡwɑːrdi/ DEE-oh-GWAR-dee, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni iɲˈɲattsjo di.oˈɡwardi]; April 29, 1914 – January 12, 1979), known as Johnny Dio, was an American organized crime figure and a labor racketeer. He is known for being involved in the acid attack which led to the blinding of newspaper columnist Victor Riesel, and for his role in creating fake labor union locals to help Jimmy Hoffa become General President of the Teamsters.

Paper local
A paper local is a local union with no or few members, chartered by an existing union (usually an international or national union body) or self-chartered, and formed for the purpose of criminal activity. As implied by the name, paper locals often "exist only on paper", and have no members.  In some cases, however, paper locals may have members, but the members are not workers but rather friends, family members, or criminal associates of the individual or individuals in control of the paper local.

Although paper locals may occur wherever labor unions are given formal, legal status and rights, they have been a particular problem in the United States. Paper locals are denounced by the AFL–CIO Code of Ethical Practices.
Alpha motor neuron
Alpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles.

While their cell bodies are found in the central nervous system (CNS), α motor neurons are also considered part of the somatic nervous system—a branch of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—because their axons extend into the periphery to innervate skeletal muscles.

An alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates comprise a motor unit. A motor neuron pool contains the cell bodies of all the alpha motor neurons involved in contracting a single muscle.

Somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system (SNS), also known as voluntary nervous system, is a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that links brain and spinal cord to skeletal muscles under conscious control, as well as to sensory receptors in the skin. The other part complementary to the somatic nervous system is the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

The somatic nervous system consists of nerves carrying afferent nerve fibers, which relay sensation from the body to the central nervous system (CNS), and nerves carrying efferent nerve fibers, which relay motor commands from the CNS to stimulate muscle contraction. Specialized nerve fiber ends called sensory receptors are responsible for detecting information both inside and outside the body.

The a- of afferent and the e- of efferent correspond to the prefixes ad- (to, toward) and ex- (out of).
Josef Scherrer
Josef Scherrer (22 March 1891 – 17 June 1965) was a Swiss trade union leader and politician.

Born in Wittenbach, Scherrer completed an apprenticeship, then worked in the textile industry.  In 1910, he became secretary of the Swiss Christian Textile Workers' Union.  He also joined the Christian Social Party (CSP), and in 1911 became its president in St. Gallen.  In 1916, he became the secretary of the Central Association of Christian Social Organisations.  In 1912, Scherrer was elected for the CSP to the St Gallen Cantonal Council, and in 1919 for the Catholic Conservative Party to the national council.

In 1919, Scherrer became the general secretary and president of the Christian National Union Confederation, serving until 1951.  The following year, he additionally became the founding president of the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, serving until 1928.  In 1948, he became president of the International Christian Social Association.

World Confederation of Labour
The World Confederation of Labour (WCL) was an international labour organization founded in 1920 and based in Europe. Fascist governments of the 1930s repressed the federation and imprisoned many of its leaders, limiting operations until the end of World War II. In 2006 it became part of the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), ending its existence as an independent organization.
Innings Festival
Innings Festival is an annual music festival that takes place in Tempe, Arizona's Tempe Beach Park. The festival takes place over two consecutive weekends on Friday and Saturday corresponding with the start of Arizona's spring training in February. The festival is produced C3 Presents which also produces other music festivals such as Austin City Limits, Lollapalooza, and Gov Ball.

C3 Presents
C3 Presents is a producer and promoter of major, multi-day, music festivals and events held in multiple countries. The company is based in Austin, Texas where they book, own, and operate multiple music venues.

C3 Presents was founded in Austin in 2007 and has been owned by parent company Live Nation Entertainment since 2014.
Mystery (log canoe)
The  Mystery  is a Chesapeake Bay log canoe, built in 1932, by Harry Sinclair in Oxford, Maryland. She measures 34'-7" long, has a beam of 8'-81⁄2" and has a centerboard.  She is noted for her very tall masts, is privately owned, and races under No. 8. She is one of the last 22 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay racing log canoes that carry on a tradition of racing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland that has existed since the 1840s. She is located at Kingstown, Queen Anne's County, Maryland.

She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Log canoe
The log canoe is a type of sailboat developed in the Chesapeake Bay region. Based on the dugout, it was the principal traditional fishing boat of the bay until superseded by the bugeye and the skipjack. However, it is most famous as a racing sailboat, and races continue to be held.
2010 World Rowing Championships
The 2010 World Rowing Championships were World Rowing Championships that were held from 31 October to 7 November 2010 on Lake Karapiro near Cambridge, New Zealand. The annual week-long rowing regatta was organised by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). Usually held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer, they were held later in the year in the southern hemisphere. In non-Olympic years the regatta is the highlight of the international rowing calendar.

Cambridge, New Zealand
Cambridge (Māori: Kemureti) is a town in the Waipā District of the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand. Situated 24 kilometres (15 mi) southeast of Hamilton, on the banks of the Waikato River, Cambridge is known as "The Town of Trees & Champions". The town has a population of 22,700, making it the largest town in the Waipā District, and the third largest urban area in the Waikato (after Hamilton and Taupō).

Cambridge was a finalist in the 2017 and 2019 New Zealand's Most Beautiful Large Town awards, run by Keep New Zealand Beautiful. It was awarded the title New Zealand's Most Beautiful Large Town in October 2019.
Captive Wild Woman
Captive Wild Woman is a 1943 American horror film directed by Edward Dmytryk. The film stars Evelyn Ankers, John Carradine, Milburn Stone, and features Acquanetta as Paula, the Ape Woman. The film involves a scientist, Dr. Sigmund Walters, whose experiments turn a female gorilla named Cheela into a human by injecting the ape with sex hormones and via brain transplants.

Captive Wild Woman was initially announced by Universal Pictures in 1940 with several promotional campaigns that did not reflect what ended up in the film. The film was intended to start filming in 1941 and January 1942, but only began filming in December 1942, ending in production the following year. The film received lukewarm reviews from  The New York Times, The New York Daily News and Harrison's Reports who only recommended the film to horror fans. It was followed by two sequels in the 1940s: Jungle Woman and The Jungle Captive.

Evelyn Ankers
Evelyn Felisa Ankers (August 17, 1918 – August 29, 1985) was a British-American actress who often played variations on the role of the cultured young leading lady in many American horror films during the 1940s, most notably The Wolf Man (1941) opposite Lon Chaney Jr., a frequent screen partner.
Pan Twardowski (1921 film)
Pan Twardowski is a 1921 Polish silent fantasy film directed by Wiktor Biegański and starring Bronisław Oranowski,  Wanda Jarszewska and Antoni Nowara-Piekarski. Biegański was hired by the Polish government to make the film in an effort to foster a greater sense of Polish national identity—particularly in the ethnically mixed Upper Silesia. It is one of many films based on the legend of Pan Twardowski, the Polish word "Pan" being a respectable title often given to members of the nobility or diplomats.

Pan Twardowski
Pan Twardowski (Polish: Pan Twardowski [ˈpan tfarˈdɔfskʲi]), also known as Master Twardowski (Polish: Mistrz Twardowski), is a sorcerer in Polish folklore and literature who made a deal with the Devil. Twardowski sold his soul in exchange for special powers – such as being able to summon for King Sigismund Augustus the spirit of his deceased wife – and eventually met a tragic fate.

The tale of Twardowski exists in various versions, and forms the basis for many works of fiction, including the humorous ballad "Pani Twardowska" by Adam Mickiewicz. Like the legend of Faust, it has been linked to the older Indo-European motif of The Smith and the Devil later reshaped in Christian Europe as stories of pacts with the Devil.
Edward Crooke
Edward Jolley Crooke (7 January 1861 – 23 October 1940) was an Australian politician.

Crooke was born in Rosedale to Edward Crooke and Maria Matilda Jamison. He attended Toorak Grammar School and Toorak College, and inherited his father's Rosedale property. He married Ada Menzies, with whom he had four children. He served on Rosedale Shire Council from 1889 to 1901 and from 1908 to 1940, and was thrice president (1892–93, 1895–96, 1923–24). In September 1893 he won a by-election for the Victorian Legislative Council province of Gippsland. He was a minister without portfolio from 19 November 1900 to 10 June 1902. Crooke served until his retirement in May 1922 and died in Melbourne 23 October 1940.

Rosedale, Victoria
Rosedale is a town 184 kilometres east of Melbourne via the Princes Highway. It is situated on the southern side of the LaTrobe River. Once a staging post on the Port Albert to Sale and Port Albert to Walhalla coach runs, it was the administrative centre of the Shire of Rosedale which extended to the east and included the Ninety Mile Beach. It is now part of the Wellington Shire centred in Sale. At the 2006 census, Rosedale had a population of 1,077. The town is in the area of Gippsland explored separately by the Scotsman, Angus McMillan, and the Polish aristocrat, Count Paul von Strzelecki, in 1840. A memorial to McMillan is located in Rosedale, and one to Strzelecki near Traralgon to the west. Strzelecki named the region Gippsland after Governor Gipps.
Lycée Français International Marguerite Duras
Lycée Français International Marguerite Duras is a French international school in Long Binh, District 9, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). It is about 40 minutes from the centre of the city. It covers maternelle, through the final year of lycée (senior high school).

It is directly operated by the Agency for French Education Abroad (AEFE), an agency of the French government.

District 9, Ho Chi Minh City
District 9 (Vietnamese: Quận 9) is a former urban district (quận) of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam. As of 2010, the district had a population of 263,486, and an area of 114 km2.

District 9 was merged with District 2 and Thủ Đức district to become Thu Duc City on December 9, 2020, by Standing Committee of the National Assembly's approval.
ATP-sensitive potassium channel
An ATP-sensitive potassium channel (or KATP channel) is a type of potassium channel that is gated by intracellular nucleotides, ATP and ADP. ATP-sensitive potassium channels are composed of Kir6.x-type subunits and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits, along with additional components. KATP channels are widely distributed in plasma membranes; however some may also be found on subcellular membranes. These latter classes of KATP channels can be classified as being either sarcolemmal ("sarcKATP"), mitochondrial ("mitoKATP"), or nuclear ("nucKATP").

Sulfonylurea receptor
In molecular biology, the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR) are membrane proteins which are the molecular targets of the sulfonylurea class of antidiabetic drugs whose mechanism of action is to promote insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.  More specifically, SUR proteins are subunits of the inward-rectifier potassium ion channels Kir6.x (6.1 and 6.2).  The association of four Kir6.x and four SUR subunits form an ion conducting channel commonly referred to as the KATP channel.

Three forms of the sulfonylurea receptor are known, SUR1 encoded by the ABCC8 gene, and SUR2A and SUR2B, which are splice variants arising from a single ABCC9 gene.
Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec
Counter-Admiral Yves Joseph Marie de Kerguelen-Trémarec (13 February 1734 – 3 March 1797) was a French Navy officer. He discovered the Kerguelen Islands in 1772 during his first expedition to the southern Indian Ocean. Welcomed as a hero after his voyage and first discovery, Kerguelen fell out of favour after his second voyage and was cashiered in 1775 for violating Navy regulations. He was rehabilitated during the French Revolution. Kerguelen authored books about expeditions and about French naval battles of the American Revolutionary War.

First voyage of Kerguelen
The fluyts Fortune and Gros Ventre under Lieutenant Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec conducted an expedition of the French Navy to the southern Indian Ocean in 1772. The aims of the expedition were to survey recently discovered sea routes between Isle de France (now Mauritius) and India, to seek the postulated Terra Australis Incognita (undiscovered Southern land), and to explore Australia.

After successfully completing the first part of the mission, Fortune and Gros Ventre sailed south, and discovered the Kerguelen Islands. After the two ships were separated in the fog, Fortune aborted her mission and returned to Isle de France, where the news of the discovery led to vastly overenthusiastic descriptions of the new lands. Meanwhile, Gros Ventre continued on her mission, reaching Australia and surveying part of its northern coast before returning to Isle de France.
Kevin Ara
Kevin Ara (born February 8, 1984) is an American soccer player, who played midfielder for D.C. United.

Ara played college soccer at Harvard University, he was named first team All-Ivy, first team All-New England and an NCAA All-American. Ara was placed on the short list of finalists for the Hermann Trophy during his senior season.

After graduating from Harvard, Ara was selected 24th overall in the 2004 MLS SuperDraft.  Ara earned playing time during his 2004 rookie season while winning a championship with D.C. United.

Ara was selected 18th overall by Real Salt Lake in the 2004 MLS expansion draft.

After retiring from professional soccer, Ara started a career in finance and currently is a portfolio manager at a hedge fund.

2004 MLS expansion draft
The 2004 MLS Expansion Draft was held on November 19, 2004 and consisted of 10 rounds. The two new teams, Chivas USA and Real Salt Lake, drafted players from the other 10 Major League Soccer teams.

Existing MLS teams were allowed to protect 12 players on their senior roster, and players on the developmental roster were exempt from the draft. Teams were allowed to leave no more than one Senior International player unprotected. After each player was selected, his team was allowed to remove one exposed player from their list. Teams were not able to lose more than three players.
Wharton Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Wharton Township is a township in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,360 at the 2020 census, down from 3,575 at the 2010 census. The Uniontown Area School District serves the region.

Farmington, Deer Lake, Elliotsville, Chalkhill, and Gibbon Glade are communities in the township.

Farmington, Pennsylvania
Farmington is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Wharton Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

Farmington is located along U.S. Route 40, the National Road, approximately 60 miles (97 km) southeast of Pittsburgh, and is the closest settlement to Fort Necessity National Battlefield. It is also home to Historic Summit Inn Resort, the four-star Nemacolin Woodlands Resort and the New Meadow Run and Spring Valley Bruderhofs, two of a group of international Christian communities with about 200 members in each.  As of the 2010 census, the population of Farmington was 767.
Ira, Vermont
Ira is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States.  The population was 368 at the 2020 census.  It was named for Ira Allen, brother of Ethan Allen, who fought with the Green Mountain Boys of the Revolutionary War.

Rutland County, Vermont
Rutland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,572, making it the second-most populous county in Vermont. Its county seat and most populous municipality is the city of Rutland.
Little Schuylkill River
The Little Schuylkill River is a 30.6-mile-long (49.2 km) tributary of the Schuylkill River in Northeastern Pennsylvania.

It rises south of McAdoo Heights near Haddock, Kline Township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, on top of Broad Mountain. It flows south, then southwest passing through the communities of Tamaqua and New Ringgold. The river joins the Schuylkill River near Port Clinton west of Hawk Mountain. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission has designated several parts of the stream special trout stocking areas.

New Ringgold, Pennsylvania
New Ringgold is a borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 253 at the time of the 2020 census.

ZIP Code 17960 serves the borough and portions of East Brunswick Township and West Penn Township. The town serves as a crossroad between state routes 443 and 895. The crossroads create a minor problem for trucks turning onto PA 895, because there is no stop light and cars are not required to stop.

The Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad runs through the heart of the town.
David Morrison Reid Henry
David Morrison Reid Henry (14 September 1919 – 1977; sometimes written Reid-Henry), of British origin, was an illustrator of birds. He signed his pictures DM Henry or D.M.H..

Reid Henry was the son of entomologist and ornithologist George Morrison Reid Henry and Olive Hobday. He had an elder brother, Bruce Charles Reid Henry. He was educated at Mount Radford School, Exeter and was encouraged to pursue his artistic talents.

He played cricket for South Woodford in 1970 and died in Rhodesia in 1977.

Mount Radford School
Mount Radford School was a private day and boarding school for boys in Exeter, Devon, England.  It was also historically known as Mount Radford College, and was sometimes referred to as The Exeter Public School. This is not to be confused with Exeter School, which has no connection to this school.