hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Confederate States of Lanao
The Confederate States of Lanao (Maranao: Pat a Pangampong sa Ranao, "Four States of Lanao") is a legislative confederation of the four Maranao states (pangampong) of Bayabao, Masiu, Unayan, and Balo-i centered around Lake Lanao in the center of the island of Mindanao, Philippines.

This confederation is also sometimes inaccurately referred to as simply the Lanao Sultanate or Sultanate of Lanao.

The Confederate States of Lanao, specifically its sultanates, still exists in modern-day Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. However, all of the Lanao royal houses do not hold any political power in the Philippines.

Taraka, Lanao del Sur
Taraka, officially the Municipality of Taraka (Maranao: Inged a Taraka; Tagalog: Bayan ng Taraka), is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 27,184 people.

The oldest mosque and the second oldest mosque in the Philippines called Baab-Ur Rahman Masjid built in Lanao del Sur was located in the town.
Symphony No. 4 (Shostakovich)
The Symphony No. 4 in C minor, Op. 43, composed by Dmitri Shostakovich between September 1935 and May 1936, after abandoning some preliminary sketch material. In January 1936, halfway through this period, Pravda—under direct orders from Joseph Stalin—published an editorial "Muddle Instead of Music" that denounced the composer and targeted his opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk. Despite this attack and the political climate of the time, Shostakovich completed the symphony and planned its premiere for December 1936 in Leningrad. After rehearsals began, the orchestra's management cancelled the performance, offering a statement that Shostakovich had withdrawn the work. He may have agreed to withdraw it to relieve orchestra officials of responsibility. The symphony was premiered on 30 December 1961 by the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra led by Kirill Kondrashin.

Muddle Instead of Music
"Muddle Instead of Music: On the Opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" (Russian: Сумбур вместо музыки – Об опере «Леди Макбет Мценского уезда») is an editorial that appeared in the Soviet newspaper Pravda on 28 January 1936. The unsigned article condemned Dmitri Shostakovich's popular opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District as, among other labels, "formalist", "bourgeois", "coarse" and "vulgar". Immediately after publication rumors began to circulate that Joseph Stalin had written the opinion. While this is unlikely, it is almost certain that Stalin was aware of and agreed with the article. "Muddle Instead of Music" was a turning point in Shostakovich's career. The article has since become a well-known example of Soviet censorship of the arts.
Russet free-tailed bat
The russet free-tailed bat (Mops russatus) is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is found in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, and Kenya. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Free-tailed bat
The Molossidae, or free-tailed bats, are a family of bats within the order Chiroptera.
The Molossidae is the fourth-largest family of bats, containing about 110 species as of 2012. They are generally quite robust, and consist of many strong-flying forms with relatively long and narrow wings with wrinkled lips shared through their genus. Their strong flying form allows them to fly 60 miles per hour using tail winds and at altitudes over 10,000 feet. This makes them unique among bats, as they are the only bat family that withstands the elevation. They are widespread, being found on every continent except Antarctica. They are typically found in caves, abandoned mines, or tunnels.
The Call of the Cumberlands
The Call of the Cumberlands is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and written by Julia Crawford Ivers based upon the novel of the same name by Charles Neville Buck. The film stars Dustin Farnum, Winifred Kingston, Herbert Standing, Page Peters, Howard Davies, and Richard L'Estrange. The film was released on January 23, 1916, by Paramount Pictures.

Frank Lloyd
Frank William George Lloyd (2 February 1886 – 10 August 1960) was a Scottish-American film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and was its president from 1934 to 1935.

He is Scotland's first Academy Award winner and is unique in film history, having received three Oscar nominations in 1929 for his work on a silent film (The Divine Lady), a part-talkie (Weary River) and a full talkie (Drag). He won for The Divine Lady. He was nominated and won again in 1933 for his adaptation of Noël Coward's Cavalcade and received a further Best Director nomination in 1935 for perhaps his most successful film, Mutiny on the Bounty.

In 1957, he was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. In 1960, Lloyd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry, at 6667 Hollywood Boulevard.
Mansfield High School (Arkansas)
Mansfield High School is a comprehensive public high school located in Mansfield, Arkansas, United States. The school provides secondary education for more than 400 students in grades 7 through 12. It is one of two public high schools in Scott County: the other is Waldron High School.  It is the sole high school administered by the Mansfield School District.

The school serves Mansfield and Huntington.

Huntington, Arkansas
Huntington is a city in Sebastian County, Arkansas, United States. It is part of the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Huntington had a population of 490.
Kasiri
Kasiri, also known as kaschiri and cassava beer, is an alcoholic drink made from cassava by Amerindians in Venezuela, Suriname and Guyana.

The roots of the cassava plant are grated, diluted in water, and pressed in a cylindrical basketwork press to extract the juice. The extracted juice is fermented to produce kasiri. In Brazil and Suriname the cassava roots are chewed and expectorated, a process where the amylase enzyme in saliva turns the starch into sugars and start fermentation.

The juice can also be boiled until it becomes a dark viscous syrup called kasripo (cassareep). This syrup has antiseptic properties and is used for flavoring.

Amylase
An amylase (/ˈæmɪleɪs/) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin amylum) into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar. The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
Palandöken, Erzurum
Palandöken is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 667 km2, and its population is 177,374 (2022). It covers the southern part of the urban area of Erzurum. It is named after Palandöken Mountain which is a ski resort. The district was created from part of the former central district of Erzurum in 2008.

The ice hockey venue Palandöken Ice Skating Hall was opened in 2008.

Erzurum Province
Erzurum Province (Turkish: Erzurum ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Its area is 25,006 km2, and its population is 749,754 (2022). The capital of the province is the city of Erzurum. It is the fourth largest province in all of Turkey. It is bordered by the provinces of Kars and Ağrı to the east, Muş and Bingöl to the south, Erzincan and Bayburt to the west, Rize and Artvin to the north and Ardahan to the northeast. The governor of the province is Mustafa Çiftçi, appointed in August 2023. The province has a Turkish majority.
Vevey
Vevey (/vəˈveɪ/; French pronunciation: [vəvɛ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Vevê; former German: Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne.  The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.

It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District. It is part of the French-speaking area of Switzerland.

Vevey is home to the world headquarters of the international food and beverage company Nestlé, founded here in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1875, with the aid of Henri Nestlé. The English actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin resided in Vevey from 1952 until his death in 1977.

Clara Haskil
Clara Haskil (7 January 1895 – 7 December 1960) was a Romanian classical pianist, renowned as an interpreter of the classical and early romantic repertoire. She was particularly noted for her performances and recordings of Mozart. She was also a noted interpreter of Beethoven, Schumann, and Scarlatti.
S. Jayalakshmi
Sundaram Jayalakshmi (25 July 1920 - 21 July 2007) was an Indian Tamil-language film actress and singer  who played lead parts in movies of the 1930s and 1940s. Starting her film career with Seetha Kalyanam in 1934, she acted in about a dozen movies, her most remembered role being in the 1943 movie Sivakavi. She is the sister of musicians S. Rajam and S. Balachander.

S. Balachander
Sundaram Balachander (18 January 1927 – 13 April 1990) was an Indian veena player and filmmaker. He directed, produced, and also composed music for a few of his films. Balachander was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1982. He died of a heart attack at the age of 63, while on a music tour of India.
McHardy House
The McHardy House, located on Oak Avenue in Cullinan, South Africa, is a museum which was previously the residence of the first General Manager of the Premier Mine, William McHardy, and his family consisting of his wife, Evalina, their 3 daughters and 4 sons. The house was the first house to be constructed at the Premier Mine in 1903. The main bedroom of the house was added in 1908 and a brick toilet as late as 1940. A Victorian Garden was laid out with compacted gravel pathways and the typical ceramic edgings, as well as a rose garden. Two of Williams daughters, Evalina and May, lived in the house until their death within 10 days of each other in July 1984. The house still has working electricity and a working fridge from the 1910s.

William McHardy (diamond magnate)
William McHardy (30 May 1846, Ballater, Scotland – 28 August 1913, Cullinan, South Africa) was a Scottish-South African diamond magnate. He was the first General Manager of the Cullinan Premier Mine from 1903 until his death in 1913, after which his son, Donald McHardy, took over his position in the mining industry.
Alexander Horn
Alexander Horn (or Dom Maurus Horn, OSB; 28 June 1762 – 1820), was a Scottish Benedictine monk who became a secret agent and diplomat. His work contributed to the birth of the conspiracy theory of the illuminati.

George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer
George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, KG, PC, DL, FRS, FSA (1 September 1758 – 10 November 1834), styled Viscount Althorp from 1765 to 1783, was a British Whig politician. He served as Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 in the Ministry of All the Talents. He was also the father of the Venerable Father Ignatius of St Paul, a Roman Catholic convert to the priesthood.
Saint-Joachim, Quebec
Saint-Joachim (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɔaʃɛ̃] ⓘ) is a parish municipality in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality in the Capitale-Nationale region. Located at the foot of Cape Tourmente, it is home to the Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area and Canyon Sainte-Anne.

Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area
The Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area is a National Wildlife Area (NWA) located on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River in the National Provincial Capital Region of Quebec, Canada, established on 28 April 1978. It is one of the critical habitats for the greater snow goose during migration. Flocks of tens of thousands of these birds stop over to feed on the bullrushes in the spring and fall. The tidal marsh was recognized as a wetland of international significance per the Ramsar Convention in 1981, the first North American site to receive that distinction.

Snow goose

American tree sparrow (Spizelloides arborea)
Eddie Ocampo
Eddie Ocampo is a drummer of the Third Wave Ska movement. He performed in several bands, such as The Insteps, Stubborn All-Stars, Dave Hillyard Rocksteady 7, the Jammyland All Stars, the Fandanglers, and many more Ska and Version City related bands. Ocampo has also designed album art for artists such as The Slackers.

He lives in Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn, NY, and plays in The Full Watts Band.

Jammyland
Jammyland Records was an independent record store located in New York City. Founded by Ira Heaps in 1992, the store operated at 60 E 3rd Street in Manhattan. Jammyland specialized in Jamaican music, with a particular focus on reggae, ska, and rocksteady from the 1960s and 1970s. The store also reissued obscure reggae recordings.

In its early years, Jammyland featured a recording studio in the basement, which was used by artists such as Victor Rice, The Slackers and the Dynamos. The space was later occupied by Hospital Productions, a record label specializing in black metal and noise music.

Jammyland closed in 2008, though Heaps continued to sell records from his home.
Mpemba
Mpemba was a confederation in the western Congo Basin, at least from the 13th century. Its northernmost territory, Mpemba Kasi, was incorporated into the founding of the Kingdom of Kongo in the 14th century, and it was conquered. It neighboured the confederations of Vungu and Seven Kingdoms of Kongo dia Nlaza. Its capital and southernmost tip was on the Loze River in Angola, and it reached northwards 150 kilometres to the Congo River. It had sub-kingdoms, such as Mpemba Kasi, and Vunda which was complex enough to have its own sub-units which included Mpangala.: 2 : 24–25

Writing in 2025, John Thornton has proposed that Mpemba was a very large kingdom, roughly a third of the size of Kongo's greatest extent, and was Kongo's main predecessor, though he says that archaeological research at Mpemba's capital is needed.

Congo River
The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third largest river in the world by discharge volume, following the Amazon and Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers. It is the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths of around 220 m (720 ft). The Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi River system has an overall length of 4,700 km (2,900 mi), which makes it the world's ninth-longest river. The Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, and Lualaba is the name of the Congo River upstream of Boyoma Falls, extending for 1,800 km (1,100 mi).

Measured along with the Lualaba, the main tributary, the Congo River has a total length of 4,370 km (2,720 mi). It is the only major river to cross the equator twice. The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 mi2), or 13% of the entire African landmass.
Kukuri (film)
Kukuri was produced and edited by Philippe Talavera, Director and founder of Ombetja Yehinga Organisation Trust (OYO). It was nominated at the 7th Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards for Best Movie, Southern Africa. The producer, OYO, surveyed child marriage, and the team conducted an anonymous interview on girls in the north who had been forced to marry at an early age.

Ombetja Yehinga Organisation Trust
Ombetja Yehinga Organisation  (OYO) is a Namibian welfare organisation founded in December 2002 and launched in March 2003. It uses visual and performing arts to raise awareness and address social challenges such as HIV/AIDS, domestic violence, rape , and substance abuse among the youth in Namibia. The vision is to create a society in which there is broad Access to information and the arts, creating skills and making informed choices through young people motivating themselves,
Bocień
Bocień [ˈbɔt͡ɕɛɲ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chełmża, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

Bocień was the location of the German concentration camp Bottschin, a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp.

Gmina Chełmża
Gmina Chełmża is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Chełmża, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 178.72 square kilometres (69.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,447.
Chuckatuck, Virginia
36°51′43″N 76°34′48″W﻿ / ﻿36.862°N 76.580°W﻿ / 36.862; -76.580

Chuckatuck is a neighborhood of the independent city of Suffolk, Virginia, United States. It is located at the junction of State Route 10/State Route 32 and State Route 125, just south of SR 10/32's crossing of Chuckatuck Creek. Its elevation is 36 feet above mean sea level. The neighborhood is relatively small and consists of such businesses as a garden store, general store, automobile repair shop, three churches, two gas stations, a restaurant, a hardware store, and others. It has a fire department, Suffolk station nine, which is operated as the Chuckatuck Volunteer Fire Department. The community is also located near Lone Star Lakes, a recreational park.

Former Virginia Governor Mills Godwin and jazz guitarist Charlie Byrd grew up in Chuckatuck.

A grist mill was constructed as early as 1635 by colonist Richard Bartlett at the head of Chuckatuck (or Crooked) Creek. "Chuckatuck" is a Nansemond word meaning "crooked".

Charlie Byrd
Charlie Lee Byrd (September 16, 1925 – December 2, 1999) was an American jazz guitarist who played fingerstyle on a classical guitar. Byrd was best known for his association with Brazilian music, especially bossa nova. In 1962, he collaborated with Stan Getz on the album Jazz Samba, a recording which brought bossa nova into the mainstream of North American music.
2003 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France
The 2003 Kangaroo Tour was a six-match tour by the Australia national rugby league team of France, Wales and England, and to date has been the last Kangaroo Tour.  The last three matches were all Tests against Great Britain for the Ashes. Coached by Chris Anderson and captained by Darren Lockyer, Australia continued its dominance, winning all of the three tests against Great Britain and retaining The Ashes that they have held since 1973, although the 3-0 series win didn't show how close the series really was as Australia had to come from behind to win every test, and won each match by a margin of no more than one converted try making it arguably the closest Ashes series since 1974.

Joel Clinton
Joel Clinton (born 8 December 1981) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a prop in the 2000s and 2010s. An Australia international representative, he played his club football in the NRL for the Penrith Panthers (with whom he won the 2003 premiership) and the Brisbane Broncos. He also played for English club Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League.
Jeanne Windham
Jeanne Windham is a psychologist and mediator from Polson, Montana who served one term as a Democratic member of the Montana House of Representatives.

She was unseated in 2006 by Rick Jore of the Constitution Party, whom she had defeated in 2004 when the Montana Supreme Court ruled that seven ballots which had been punched for two candidates could not be counted as votes for Jore, thus breaking a tie (and giving control of the House to the Democratic Party).

Montana Supreme Court
The Montana Supreme Court is the highest court of the state court system in the U.S. state of Montana.  It is established and its powers defined by Article VII of the 1972 Montana Constitution.  It is primarily an appellate court which reviews civil and criminal decisions of Montana's trial courts of general jurisdiction and certain specialized legislative courts, only having original jurisdiction in a limited number of actions.  The court's chief justice and six associate justices are elected by non-partisan, popular elections.  The Montana Supreme Court meets in the Joseph P. Mazurek Building in Helena, Montana, the state's capital, an international style building completed in 1982 and named in the honor of former Montana attorney general, Joseph P. Mazurek.
Johannes Koskinen
Hannu Erkki Johannes Koskinen (born 10 December 1954) is a Finnish politician and a lawyer as profession. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP).

Koskinen was born in Janakkala. He has been a member of the Parliament of Finland from the Häme electoral district since 1991 and served as the minister of justice in two Lipponen cabinets, Jäätteenmäki cabinet and first Vanhanen cabinet from April 1999 to March 2005. He was replaced as minister of justice by Leena Luhtanen in a cabinet reshuffle.

He has been a member of Hämeenlinna city council 1989–2004 and again since 2009.

He served one of the deputy speakers of the Parliament of Finland.

Häme (parliamentary electoral district)
Häme (Swedish: Tavastland; also known as Tavastia) is one of the 13 electoral districts of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. The district was established as Häme Province South (Finnish: Hämeen läänin eteläinen vaalipiiri; Swedish: Tavastehus läns södra valkrets) in 1907 when the Diet of Finland was replaced by the Parliament of Finland. It was renamed Häme in 1997. It is conterminous with the regions of Kanta-Häme and Päijät-Häme. The district currently elects 14 of the 200 members of the Parliament of Finland using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 parliamentary election it had 310,047 registered electors.
Cheremshan Dimitrovgrad
Cheremshan (Russian: Черемшан) is a bandy club in Dimitrovgrad, Russia. It has been playing in the Supreme League. The home ice of the club was Stadium Stroitel in Dimitrovgrad, where artificial ice was planned in time for the 2016 Bandy World Championship., but did not happen.

Dimitrovgrad, Russia
Dimitrovgrad (Russian: Димитровград; Russian pronunciation: [dʲɪˌmʲitrɐvˈɡrat]), formerly Melekess (Russian: Мелекесс) until 1972, is a city in Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative center of Melekessky District, although it is not within the district and is an independent city. The city is located in the Volga Region, at the confluence of the Melekesska River and the Bolshoy Cheremshan River, a tributary of the Volga River. Dimitrovgrad has a population of 122,580 (2010 Census), the second-largest city in Ulyanovsk Oblast, after Ulyanovsk.