hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chinese Chicago
Chinese Chicago: Race, Transnational Migration, and Community since 1870 is a 2012 book by Huping Ling, published by Stanford University Press. It discusses the Chinese in Chicago.

The primary thesis of the book is that the Chinese immigration to Chicago is transnational.

Charlotte Brooks of Baruch College stated that the book has more emphasis on immigration in the early 20th century and less emphasis on subsequent immigration.

Philip Q. Yang of Texas Woman's University described it as "the most complete history of Chinese in Chicago".

Wing-kai To of Bridgewater State University wrote that the work's synthesis of various topics makes the book "go beyond" the "classic studies" in the field.

History of Chinese Americans in Chicago
The Chicago metropolitan area has an ethnic Chinese population. While historically small in comparison to populations on the coasts, the community is rapidly expanding. As of 2023, there are 78,547 Chinese Americans who live in Chicago, comprising 2.9% of the city's population, along with over 150,000 Chinese in the greater Chicago area - making Chicago's Chinese community the 8th largest among US metropolitan areas. This population includes native-born Chinese as well as immigrants from Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and also racially mixed Chinese.
Daniel Makinde
Oluwole Daniel Makinde is a Nigerian professor of Theoretical and Applied Physics, the Secretary General of African Mathematical Union (AMU), General Secretary and Vice President of Southern Africa Mathematical Science Association (SAMSA) and the  Director of the Institute for Advanced Research in Mathematical Modeling and Computations (IARMMC) at Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.

African Mathematical Union
The African Mathematical Union (or Union Mathematique Africaine) is an African organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in Africa. It was founded in 1976 in Rabat, Morocco, during the first Pan-African Congress of Mathematicians with Henri Hogbe Nlend as its first President. Another key figure in its early years was George Saitoti, later a prominent Kenyan politician.
Arènes Maurice-Lauche
43°42′9″N 0°15′32″W﻿ / ﻿43.70250°N 0.25889°W﻿ / 43.70250; -0.25889



The Arènes Maurice-Lauche (French: [aʁɛn mɔʁis loʃ]) are a bullring in the town of Aire-sur-l'Adour, Landes in the south of France. The facility hosts both the local pursuit of Course landaise and Spanish-style bullfighting.

Aire-sur-l'Adour
Aire-sur-l'Adour (French: [ɛːʁ syʁ laduʁ]; Occitan: Aira d'Ador or simply Aira, before 1962: Aire) is a commune in the Landes department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France.

It lies on the river Adour in the wine area of southwest France. It is an episcopal see of the Diocese of Aire and Dax. The nearest large towns are Mont-de-Marsan to the north and Pau to the south.
Jungle Adventurer
Jungle Adventurer (Italian: La montagna di luce, lit. 'The Mountain of Light') is an Italian adventure film. It starred Richard Harrison.

The film is loosely based on Emilio Salgari's 1902 adventure novel La montagna di luce (The Mountain of Light), which narrates a fictitious attempt to steal the priceless Koh-i-Noor diamond, concocted in 19th-century India by the Thuggee and the dacoits. The original Italian title of both the film and the source novel refers to the name of the jewel.

The film was re-released under several alternate titles, one of which, Sandok, was an attempt to capitalize on the popularity of Salgari's fictional pirate Sandokan, even though neither the novel, nor the film had anything to do with Sandokan's character or the settings of his adventures.

Emilio Salgari
Emilio Salgari (Italian pronunciation: [eˈmiːljo salˈɡaːri], but often erroneously pronounced [ˈsalɡari]; 21 August 1862 – 25 April 1911) was an Italian writer of action adventure swashbucklers and a pioneer of science fiction.

In Italy, his extensive body of work was more widely read than that of Dante Alighieri. In the 21st century, he is still among the 40 most translated Italian authors. Many of his most popular novels have been adapted as comics, animated series and feature films. He is considered the father of Italian adventure fiction and Italian pop culture, and the "grandfather" of the Spaghetti Western.
LOL: Last One Laughing UK
LOL: Last One Laughing UK is a British comedy reality television series based on the Japanese show Documental. Hosted by Jimmy Carr and Roisin Conaty, the show features ten comedians competing to make each other laugh without laughing themselves. The last contestant to keep a straight face wins the trophy.

Jimmy Carr
James Anthony Patrick Carr (born 15 September 1972) is a British-Irish comedian. He began his career in 1997 with a series of successful stand-up performances. He has regularly appeared on television as the host of Channel 4 panel shows such as The Big Fat Quiz of the Year (since 2004), 8 Out of 10 Cats (2005–2021), and 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown (since 2012). Carr is known for his rapid-fire deadpan delivery of one-liners.
Al gran sole carico d'amore
Al gran sole carico d'amore (In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love) is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s.

Yuri Lyubimov
Yuri Petrovich Lyubimov (Russian: Ю́рий Петро́вич Люби́мов; 30 September [O.S. 17 September] 1917 – 5 October 2014) was a Soviet and Russian stage actor and director associated with the internationally renowned Taganka Theatre, which he founded in 1964. He was one of the leading names in the Russian theatre world.
Glass code
A glass code is a method of classifying glasses for optical use, such as the manufacture of lenses and prisms. There are many different types of glass with different compositions and optical properties, and a glass code is used to distinguish between them.

There are several different glass classification schemes in use, most based on the catalogue systems used by glass manufacturers such as Pilkington and Schott Glass. These tend to be based on the material composition, for example BK7 is the Schott Glass classification of a common borosilicate crown glass.

Crown glass (optics)
Crown glass is a type of optical glass used in lenses and other optical components. It has relatively low refractive index (≈1.52) and low dispersion (with Abbe numbers between 50 and 85). Crown glass is produced from alkali-lime silicates containing approximately 10% potassium oxide and is one of the earliest low dispersion glasses.
Wood, North Carolina
Wood (formerly, Wood's Store) is a small unincorporated community in northeastern Franklin County, North Carolina, United States, on North Carolina Highway 561 east of Centerville.  Settled in 1893, Wood was incorporated as a town in 1917. The town charter was repealed on May 5, 1961. Wood lies at an elevation of 322 feet (98 m).

Archibald Taylor House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Franklin County, North Carolina
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 68,573. Its county seat is Louisburg. Franklin County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Rie Takahashi
Rie Takahashi (Japanese: 高橋 李依, Hepburn: Takahashi Rie; born February 27, 1994) is a Japanese voice actress and singer affiliated with 81 Produce. A member of the musical unit Earphones, she has had leading roles in several series, including Futaba Ichinose in Seiyu's Life!,  Megumin in KonoSuba, Emilia and Satella in Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World, Takagi in Teasing Master Takagi-san, Mash Kyrielight in Fate/Grand Order, Mirai Asahina/Cure Miracle in Witchy Pretty Cure!, Yuzuriha in Hell's Paradise: Jigokuraku, Sumi Sakurasawa in Rent-A-Girlfriend, Anzu Hoshino in Romantic Killer, Ai Hoshino in Oshi no Ko, Tomo Aizawa in Tomo-chan Is a Girl!, and Ouka Shiunji in The Shiunji Family Children. She won the Best Female Newcomer at the 10th Seiyu Awards.

The Shiunji Family Children
The Shiunji Family Children (Japanese: 紫雲寺家の子供たち, Hepburn: Shiunji-ke no Kodomo-tachi) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Reiji Miyajima. It has been serialized in Hakusensha's seinen manga magazine Young Animal since February 2022. Set in Tokyo's Seijō neighborhood, located in Setagaya Ward, the series follows a young boy who has never had a girlfriend. He lives with five sisters and a younger brother until his father reveals that he and his siblings are not biologically related.

An anime television series adaptation produced by Doga Kobo aired from April to June 2025.
Any Other Way: The Jackie Shane Story
Any Other Way: The Jackie Shane Story is a 2024 Canadian documentary film, directed by Michael Mabbott and Lucah Rosenberg-Lee. The film is a portrait of Jackie Shane, the pioneering transgender singer who was a prominent figure in the Toronto music scene in the 1960s before virtually disappearing from public life after 1971.

Lucah Rosenberg-Lee
Lucah Rosenberg-Lee is a Canadian filmmaker, most noted as co-director with Michael Mabbott of the 2024 documentary film Any Other Way: The Jackie Shane Story. The film was awarded the DGC Ontario Special Jury Prize from the Best Canadian Feature Documentary award jury at the 2024 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, and was named as a finalist for the Rogers Best Canadian Documentary Award at the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2024.

Rosenberg-Lee previously directed the short documentary film Passing, and was a producer of Luis De Filippis's short film For Nonna Anna.
Chinna Thambi
Chinna Thambi (transl. Little Brother) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language romantic musical drama film written and directed by P. Vasu. The film stars Prabhu as the titular character, an uneducated village simpleton and Khushbu as Nandini, a homeschooled wealthy girl. Manorama, Radha Ravi, Uday Prakash, Rajeshkumar, and Goundamani play supporting roles. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, and the film released on 12 April 1991.

The film was remade in Kannada as Ramachaari (1991), Telugu as Chanti (1992) and Hindi as Anari (1993). The film was one of Prabhu's biggest blockbusters and completed a 356-day run in 9 screens and 100-day run in 47 screens.

Radha Ravi
Madras Rajagopalan Radhakrishnan Ravi mononymously called as Radha Ravi is an Indian actor and politician who played supporting roles throughout his career. He is the son of veteran actor M. R. Radha and the uncle of Vasu Vikram and half-brother of actresses Radhika & Nirosha. He is a former chief member of the Tamil Nadu Film Artistes' Association. He is known for his roles as antagonists in Tamil films and a he acted in the serial Chellamae. He is also known for his controversial criticism of other film personalities.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Saidapet in 2001 as a member of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He is one of the current state executive members of Tamil Nadu Bharatiya Janata Party.
Daisuke Miyao
Daisuke Miyao is a professor of Japanese films at the University of Oregon and the University of California San Diego. He is also the author of Sessue Hayakawa: Silent Cinema and Transnational Stardom and The Aesthetics of Shadow: Lighting and Japanese Cinema, editor of Oxford Handbook of Japanese Cinema and co-translator of Ozu's Anti-Cinema.

Ozu's Anti-Cinema
Ozu's Anti-Cinema (Japanese: 小津安二郎の反映画, Hepburn: Ozu Yasujirō no han eiga) is a 1998 book written by Yoshishige Yoshida (published under his pseudonym Kiju Yoshida), translated into English in 2003, and published by Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan. It included analysis and commentary on Yasujirō Ozu's films and film-making techniques.
Kyowa Kirin
Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. (協和キリン株式会社, Kyōwa Kirin Kabushiki Kaisha) is a Japanese pharmaceutical and biotechnology company under the Kirin Holdings, and was among the 40 largest in the world by revenue in 2012.  The company is headquartered in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo and is a  member of the Nikkei 225 stock index.

Nikkei 225
The Nikkei 225, or the Nikkei Stock Average (Japanese: 日経平均株価, Hepburn: Nikkei heikin kabuka), more commonly called the Nikkei or the Nikkei index (/ˈnɪkeɪ, ˈniː-, nɪˈkeɪ/), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE).  It is a price-weighted index, operating in the Japanese Yen (JP¥), and its components are reviewed twice a year. The Nikkei 225 measures the performance of 225 highly capitalised and liquid publicly owned companies in Japan from a wide array of industry sectors. Since 2017, the index is calculated every five seconds. It was originally launched by the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1950, and was taken over by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (The Nikkei) newspaper in 1970, when the Tokyo Exchange switched to the Tokyo Stock Price Index (TOPIX), which is weighed by market capitalisation rather than stock prices.
Brookfield Community School, Fareham
Brookfield Community School is a large state-funded secondary school located in the Locks Heath ward of the Borough of Fareham. Brookfield serves 5 feeder schools in the local area. Brookfield is one of the largest co-educational, comprehensive secondary schools in Hampshire; the school currently has approximately 1800 students on-roll and there are approximately 120 teachers employed at the school. The school teaches years 7 to 11.

Locks Heath
Locks Heath is a  residential suburb of Fareham, in the south of Hampshire, England. Locks Heath is immediately surrounded by a collection of villages including Sarisbury to the west, Swanwick, Park Gate and Whiteley to the north, Warsash to the southwest and Titchfield to the southeast. Within the heart of the area its shopping village is located with a community centre. The population of the village itself in 2011 was 7,104 whilst the wider Locks Heath residential area (including surrounding villages) equaled 43,359 as of 2011.
Växjö Municipality
Växjö Municipality (Swedish: Växjö kommun) is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden, where Växjö is the seat.

The municipality was created in 1971 by the amalgamation of the City of Växjö with the surrounding municipalities. The number of original local government entities (as of 1863) included in the present municipality is 29.

Växjö
Växjö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvɛ̂kːɧøː]) is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. As of 2023, it had 74,052 inhabitants, out of a total 98,280 municipal residents (2025). It is the administrative, cultural, and industrial centre of Kronoberg County and the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö, with Växjö Cathedral at its heart. The city is also home to Linnaeus University.
PEX5
Peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor (PTS1R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PEX5 gene.

PTS1R is a peroxisomal targeting sequence involved in the specific transport of molecules for oxidation inside the peroxisome. SKL binds to PTS1R in the cytosol followed by binding to the Pex14p receptor allowing importation of the peroxisomal protein through the pexsubunit transporter.

Diseases associated with dysfunctional PTS1R receptors include X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and Zellweger syndrome.

Zellweger syndrome
Zellweger syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the reduction or absence of functional peroxisomes in the cells of an individual. It is one of a family of disorders called Zellweger spectrum disorders which are leukodystrophies. Zellweger syndrome is named after Hans Zellweger (1909–1990), a Swiss-American pediatrician, a professor of pediatrics and genetics at the University of Iowa who researched this disorder.
Orchestra of the Antipodes
Orchestra of the Antipodes is an Australian early music ensemble founded by Antony Walker and Alison Johnston. They play baroque music on early instruments. They were founded alongside vocal ensemble Cantillation and the Sinfonia Australis orchestra. They received a nomination for the 2012 ARIA Award for Best Classical Album with their album Bach: Brandenburg Concertos.

Orchestra of the Antipodes often performs with the Pinchgut Opera and appears on many ABC Classics albums. Albums they appear on include Teddy Tahu Rhodes' The Voice (ARIA winner), Sara Macliver and Sally-Anne Russell's Bach Arias and Duets and Baroque Duets (ARIA nominees).

Teddy Tahu Rhodes
Teddy Tahu Rhodes (born 30 August 1966) is a New Zealand-born operatic baritone based in Australia. He has performed at opera houses in New Zealand, Australia, San Francisco, Houston, Dallas, Philadelphia, Washington, New York City and throughout Europe. Apart from many appearances in the standard repertoire, he has sung leading roles in Australian and world premieres. His recordings range from Baroque oratorios, operas, Lieder cycles to nursery rhymes and musical theatre. His album The Voice won the Fine Arts Award at the 2004 ARIA Music Awards.
Jean Langevin
Jean-Pierre-François-Laforce Langevin (22 September 1821 – 26 January 1892) was born and lived his life in Quebec. He was taught by a governess before entering the Petit Séminaire de Quebec. He began his studies for the priesthood at the Grand Séminaire and taught back at his old school, a vocation he continued after he was ordained priest. His teaching and parish experience covered a number of years and were rewarding and successful. His final position in education was principal of the École Normale Laval.

In 1867, he was appointed as the first Roman Catholic bishop of the diocese of Rimouski. He served there for 24 years in an administration that was often stormy and difficult. His last three years were marred by poor physical and mental health. He resigned his duties in 1891 at the request of Cardinal Taschereau on behalf of papal authorities.

His brother, Hector-Louis Langevin, was one of the Fathers of Confederation.

Hector-Louis Langevin
Sir Hector-Louis Langevin (August 25, 1826 – June 11, 1906) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and one of the Fathers of Confederation.

Education
Langevin was born in Quebec City in 1826. He studied law and was called to the bar in 1850.
Waldorf, Maryland
Waldorf is a census-designated place in Charles County, Maryland, United States. Located 23 miles (37 km) south-southeast of Washington, D.C., Waldorf is part of Southern Maryland. Its population was 81,410 at the 2020 census. Waldorf has experienced dramatic growth, increasing its population 16-fold from fewer than 5,000 residents in 1980 to its current population. It is now the largest commercial and residential area in Southern Maryland as well as a major suburb in the Washington metropolitan area.

Charles County, Maryland
Charles County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 166,617. The county seat is La Plata. The county was named for Charles Calvert (1637–1715), third Baron Baltimore. The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state. With a median household income of $103,678, Charles County is the 39th-wealthiest county in the United States as of 2020, and the highest-income county in the United States with a Black-majority population.
1960 Mid Bedfordshire by-election
The 1960 Mid Bedfordshire by-election was held on 16 November 1960 after the incumbent Conservative MP, Alan Lennox-Boyd became an hereditary peer.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Stephen Hastings.

Lennox-Boyd had held the seat in 1959 with a majority of 5,174 votes of the Labour Party's Bryan Magee. At the by-election Magee was again the Labour candidate, while the Liberals also fielded their 1959 candidate, W. G. Matthews.

Bryan Magee
Bryan Edgar Magee (/məˈɡiː/; 12 April 1930 – 26 July 2019) was a British philosopher, broadcaster, politician, and author, known for bringing philosophy to a popular audience.

Magee influenced popular culture with his efforts to make philosophy accessible to the layman, especially as a broadcaster on the BBC, interviewing a number of leading philosophers. In parallel, he was interested in politics and was elected as a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the Leyton parliament constituency in the February 1974 UK general election. He also wrote books, including The Philosophy of Schopenhauer, first published in 1983, and revised in 1997. His interests included the life, thought, and works of the composer Richard Wagner.
Il buco
Il buco (Italian lit. 'The Hole') is a 2021 Italian drama film directed by Michelangelo Frammartino. Its storyline centres on discovery and exploration of the almost 700 metre deep Bifurto Abyss ("Abisso del Bifurto" in Italian) in the caves of Pollino in southern Italy in August 1961.

The film was released on 3 September 2021. It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 78th Venice International Film Festival, and won the Special Jury Prize. The film is Frammartino's third feature length release.

78th Venice International Film Festival
The 78th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 1 to 11 September 2021, at Venice Lido in Italy. This edition marked the festival's return to its full format following the COVID-19 epidemic during the prior year.

South Korean director Bong Joon-ho was the Jury President of the main competition, marking the first time a South Korean director has been picked as the festival's top juror. Serena Rossi hosted the opening and closing nights. The Golden Lion was awarded to Happening by Audrey Diwan.

The festival opened with Parallel Mothers by Pedro Almodóvar, and closed with The Hidden Child by Roberto Andò.
Burdekin Gap
The Burdekin Gap, named for the Burdekin River, is a biogeographical feature in Queensland, northeastern Australia, which separates populations of freshwater fishes and other water-dependent land animals, such as the delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata), by a corridor of hot and dry habitat that acts as a barrier to genetic exchange. Birds, except those that are rainforest-dependent, are more likely to intergrade across the Burdekin Gap.

Burdekin River
The Burdekin River is a river in North and Far North Queensland, Australia. The river rises on the northern slopes of Boulder Mountain at Valley of Lagoons, part of the western slope of the Seaview Range, and flows into the Coral Sea at Upstart Bay over 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the southeast of the source, with a catchment area of approximately 130,000 square kilometres (50,000 sq mi). The Burdekin River is Australia's largest river by (peak) discharge volume.: 5

The river was first encountered by Europeans during the expedition led by Ludwig Leichhardt in 1845 and named in honour of Thomas Burdekin, one of the sponsors of the expedition.
Kamancheh
The kamancheh is an Iranian bowed string instrument used in Persian, Azerbaijani, Armenian, Kurdish, Georgian, Turkmen, and Uzbek music with slight variations in the structure of the instrument.

The kamancheh is related to the rebab which is the historical ancestor of the kamancheh and the bowed Byzantine lyra. The strings are played with a variable-tension bow.

In 2017, the art of crafting and playing with Kamantcheh/Kamancha was included into the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists of Iran and Azerbaijan.

Sayat-Nova
Sayat-Nova (Armenian: Սայեաթ-Նովայ (сlassical), Սայաթ-Նովա (reformed); Georgian: საიათნოვა; Azerbaijani: سایات‌نووا; Persian: سایات‌نووا; born Harutyun Sayatyan (Armenian: Հարություն Սայաթյան); 14 June 1712 – 22 September 1795) was an Armenian poet, musician and ashugh, who had compositions in a number of languages.