hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kinematic pair
In classical mechanics, a kinematic pair is a connection between two physical objects that imposes constraints on their relative movement (kinematics). German engineer Franz Reuleaux introduced the kinematic pair as a new approach to the study of machines that provided an advance over the notion of elements consisting of simple machines.

Franz Reuleaux
Franz Reuleaux (French: [ʁœlo]; German: [ʁøˈloː]; 30 September 1829 – 20 August 1905) was a German mechanical engineer and a lecturer at Technische Hochschule Berlin (today Technische Universität Berlin), later appointed as the president of the academy. He was often called the father of kinematics. He was a leader in his profession, contributing to many important domains of science and knowledge.

Today, he may be best remembered for the Reuleaux triangle, a curve of constant width that he helped develop as a useful mechanical form.
Stiquito
Stiquito (pronounced sti ke to) is a small, inexpensive hexapod (i.e., six-legged) robot commonly used by universities, high schools, and hobbyists, since 1992.

Stiquito's "muscles" are made of nitinol, a shape memory alloy that expands and contracts, roughly emulating the operation of a muscle. The application of heat causes a crystalline structure change in the wire. Nitinol contracts when heated and returns to its original size and shape when cooled.

Stiquito was developed by Jonathan W. Mills of Indiana University as an inexpensive vehicle for his research.  He soon found its applications extended to educational uses.  It has been used to introduce students to the concepts of analogue electronics, digital electronics, computer control, and robotics.  It has also been used for advanced topics such as subsumption architectures, artificial intelligence, and advanced computer architecture.

Shape-memory alloy
In metallurgy, a shape-memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its pre-deformed ("remembered") shape when heated.  It is also known in other names such as memory metal, memory alloy, smart metal, smart alloy, and muscle wire. The "memorized geometry" can be modified by fixating the desired geometry and subjecting it to a thermal treatment, for example a wire can be taught to memorize the shape of a coil spring.

Parts made of shape-memory alloys can be lightweight, solid-state alternatives to conventional actuators such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and motor-based systems. They can also be used to make hermetic joints in metal tubing, and it can also replace a sensor-actuator closed loop to control water temperature by governing hot and cold water flow ratio.
Abdulaziz al-Tuwaijri
Abdulaziz bin Abd al-Muhsin al-Tuwaijri (1912–2007), was a Saudi soldier and politician. He was deputy head of the National Guard under his friend and mentor Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz and was later chief of the Crown Prince's Court when the Prince was Heir Apparent and later Regent. He was succeeded by his son Khaled, who himself became de facto prime minister of Saudi Arabia.

Khaled al-Tuwaijri
Khalid al-Tuwaijri is a former chief of the Royal Court of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia who was the highest ranking non-prince in the kingdom until his sacking in 2015 by King Salman.

As chief of the royal court, al-Tuwaijri became the most powerful official in the Saudi Royal Family as the King's gatekeeper and confidant, where he would be the first and last to see the king during decision-making meetings, and would control who and what information would be presented before the King.
Matt Berry
Matthew Charles Berry (born 2 May 1974) is an English actor, comedian, musician, and writer. Noted for his distinctive voice, he is best known for his television roles in comedy series such as The IT Crowd, Garth Marenghi's Darkplace, The Mighty Boosh, Snuff Box, What We Do in the Shadows, Krapopolis, and Toast of London, the last of which he also co-created and scored.

For Toast of London, Berry won one BAFTA Award for Best Male Performance in a Comedy Programme. For What We Do in the Shadows, he has been nominated for one Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and two Critics' Choice Television Awards for Best Actor in a Comedy Series. He has also released 11 studio albums, which are mostly described as psychedelic rock and folk music.

Acid Jazz Records
Acid Jazz Records is a record label based in East London formed by Gilles Peterson and Eddie Piller in 1987. The label is the namesake of the acid-jazz subgenre of jazz music for which it is most famously known for producing.
Borussia (anthem)
Borussia, also known as the Chant national prussien, was a patriotic Prussian song. It temporarily held the status of the national anthem. The melody is by Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini, and the text by Johann Friedrich Leopold Duncker. Borussia is a neo-Latin term for Prussia and a female figure as Prussia's allegory in the song.

Gaspare Spontini
Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini  (14 November 1774 – 24 January 1851) was an Italian opera composer and conductor from the late  Classical and early Romantic eras. During the first two decades of the 19th century, Spontini was an important figure in French opera, and he composed over twenty works.
Cook Islands mythology
Cook Islands mythology comprises historical myths, legends, and folklore passed down by the ancient Cook Islanders over many generations. Many of the Cook Islands legends were recited through ancient songs and chants. The Cook Islands myths and legends have similarities to general Polynesian mythology, which developed over the centuries into its own unique character.

History of the Cook Islands
The Cook Islands are named after Captain James Cook, who visited the islands in 1773 and 1777, although Spanish navigator Alvaro de Mendaña was the first European to reach the islands in 1595. The Cook Islands became aligned to the United Kingdom in 1890, largely because of the fear of British residents that France might occupy the islands as it already had Tahiti.

By 1900, the islands were annexed as British territory. In 1901, the islands were included within the boundaries of the Colony of New Zealand.

The Cook Islands contain 15 islands in the group spread over a vast area in the South Pacific. The majority of islands are low coral atolls in the Northern Group, with Rarotonga, a volcanic island in the Southern Group, as the main administration and government centre. The most spoken Cook Islands language is Rarotongan Māori. Different dialects of Cook Islands Maori are spoken on the other islands.
Sequenza IV
Sequenza IV for solo piano (composed in 1965–66, revised in 1993 – written for Jocy de Oliveira, then de Carvalho) is the fourth in a series of solo Sequenze by Luciano Berio that started with the publication of Sequenza I for solo flute (1958; rev. 1992).

Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio OMRI (24 October 1925 – 27 May 2003) was an Italian composer noted for his experimental work (in particular his 1968 composition Sinfonia and Sequenza, a series of solo pieces for instruments using extended techniques), and for his pioneering work in electronic music. His early work was influenced by Igor Stravinsky and experiments with serial and electronic techniques, while his later works explore indeterminacy and the use of spoken texts as the basic material for composition.
Pilgrim Paths of Ireland
Pilgrim Paths Ireland (PPI) is a non-denominational representative body for Ireland's medieval pilgrim paths.  PPI was founded in 2013 to oversee the development and promotion of Ireland's medieval pilgrimage paths, and consists of 12 community groups supporting specific paths.  PPI holds an annual National Pilgrimage Paths Week during Easter, and issues a National Pilgrimage Passport to finishers of the 5 main trails: Cnoc na dTobar, Cosán na Naomh, St. Finbarr's Pilgrim Path, St. Kevin’s Way, and  Tochar Phádraig.

Gougane Barra
Gougane Barra (Irish: Guagán Barra, meaning 'the rock-cleft of Barra') is a scenic valley and heritage site in the Shehy Mountains of County Cork, Ireland. It is near Ballingeary in the Muskerry Gaeltacht. Gougane Barra is at the source of the River Lee and includes a lake with an oratory built on a small island. It also includes a forest park.
Four Minute Men
The Four Minute Men were a group of tens of thousands of volunteers authorized by United States President Woodrow Wilson to give four-minute speeches on topics chosen by the Committee on Public Information (CPI). In 1917–1918, more than 750,000 speeches were given in 5,200 communities by over 75,000 accomplished orators, including men, women and children, who reached about 400 million listeners. The topics dealt with support of the American war effort in the First World War and were presented during the four minutes between reels changing in movie theaters across the country. The short speeches were designed so that they could also be given at town meetings, restaurants, and other places that had an audience.

George Creel
George Edward Creel (December 1, 1876 – October 2, 1953) was an American investigative journalist and writer, a politician and government official. He served as the head of the United States Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organization created by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I.
General Comprehensive Operating System
General Comprehensive Operating System (GCOS, /ˈdʒiːkoʊs/; originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor) is a family of operating systems oriented toward the 36-bit GE-600 series and Honeywell 6000 series mainframe computers.

The original version of GCOS was developed by General Electric beginning in 1962. The operating system is still used today in its most recent versions (GCOS 7 and GCOS 8) on servers and mainframes produced by Groupe Bull, primarily through emulation, to provide continuity with legacy mainframe environments. GCOS 7 and GCOS 8 are separate branches of the operating system and continue to be developed alongside each other.

Worldwide Military Command and Control System
The Worldwide Military Command and Control System, or WWMCCS /ˈwɪmɛks/, was a military command and control system implemented for the United States Department of Defense.  It was created in the days following the Cuban Missile Crisis.  WWMCCS was a complex of systems that encompassed the elements of warning, communications, data collection and processing, executive decision-making tools and supporting facilities.  It was decommissioned in 1996 and replaced by the Global Command and Control System.
St Faith's and Aylsham Rural District
St Faith's and Aylsham Rural Districts were adjacent rural districts in Norfolk, England from 1894 to 1935.

They were formed under the Local Government Act 1894 based on rural sanitary districts of the same names, and lay to the north of Norwich.

In 1935 some northern parts of Aylsham RD were variously transferred to Walsingham, Erpingham and Smallburgh RDs. The remainder, and the whole of St Faith's RD, were merged to form St Faith's and Aylsham Rural District. Changes to the border with Norwich County Borough were made in 1907, 1951 and 1968.

In 1974, the merged district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, and became part of the Broadland district.

Broadland
Broadland is a local government district in Norfolk, England, named after the Norfolk Broads. Its council is based at the Broadland Business Park on the outskirts of Norwich. The district includes the towns of Acle, Aylsham, Reepham, Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew. Several of the district's settlements (including Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew) form part of the Norwich built-up area, lying outside the city's boundaries to the north-west and north-east. The district also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads.

The neighbouring districts are North Norfolk, Great Yarmouth, South Norfolk, Norwich and Breckland.

In 2013, Broadland was ranked as the most peaceful locality within the United Kingdom, having the lowest level of violent crime in the country.
Ziyadat Allah II ibn Muhammad
Ziyadat Allah II ibn Muhammad (Arabic: أبو محمد زيادة الله بن محمد) was the seventh Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from 28 December 863 to his death on 23 December 864.

Ziyadat Allah rule Ifriqiya during the Extreme instability in Abbasid Caliphate. 
He succeeded his brother, Ahmad, and was succeeded by Ahmad's son Muhammad II.

Aghlabid dynasty
The Aghlabid dynasty (Arabic: الأغالبة) was an Arab dynasty that ruled Ifriqiya from 800 to 909, nominally as vassals of the Abbasid Caliphate. During this time, they also conquered Sicily, Malta, parts of southern Italy, and possibly Sardinia. The dynasty originated from the tribe of Banu Tamim and was founded by Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab, who was appointed by the Abbasid caliph in 800 to rule this province.

The Aghlabids adhered to the Mu'tazilite rationalist doctrine within Hanafi Sunni Islam, which they imposed as the state doctrine of Ifriqiya.: 57  They sponsored the construction of mosques and civic infrastructure, major examples of which have survived to the present day as some of the oldest Islamic-era monuments in the region. Their rule ended when they were conquered by the new power of the Fatimids in 909.
Eran Niv
Eran Niv (Hebrew: ערן ניב; born in 1970) is an IDF officer with the rank of Aluf, serving as head of the C4I & Cyber Defense Directorate. Previously he served as head of the Shiloch Corps in the Planning Directorate, commander of the Judea and Samaria Division, head of the Ground Forces Human Resources Branch, commander of Bahad 1, commander of Brigade 55 and commander of the Ephraim Brigade.

C4I and Cyber Defense Directorate (Israel)
The Israeli C4I and Cyber Defense Directorate (Hebrew: אגף התקשוב וההגנה בסייבר, Agaf Ha-Tikshuv VeHaHagana Basayber) is the Israel Defense Forces body which charts the communication, wireless transmission, computerization, command and control over and defense of military and intelligence information in the IDF. The Directorate was created on March 3, 2003, on the basis of some functions previously held by the C4I Corps. The Directorate is also responsible for Cyber Defense in the IDF, a fact which has led to the name of the Directorate being changed to "C4I and Cyber Defense Directorate" in May 2017.
Henry Robinson (bishop)
Henry Robinson (c. 1553 – 19 June 1616) was an English cleric who served as Bishop of Carlisle from 1598 to 1616. He was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford (B.A. 12 July 1572, M.A. 20 June 1575, B.D. 10 July 1582, and D.D. 6 July 1590). He was elected fellow of Queen's in 1575, was Principal of St Edmund Hall, Oxford from 1576 to 1581, and then Provost of Queen's from 1581 to 1598. He was also a member of Gray's Inn from 1601 and took part in the Hampton Court Conference of 1603.

Hampton Court Conference
The Hampton Court Conference was a meeting in January 1604, convened at Hampton Court Palace, for discussion between King James I of England and representatives of the Church of England, including leading English Puritans. The conference resulted in the 1604 Book of Common Prayer and, in 1611, the King James Version of the Bible.
Shpalman®
"Shpalman®" is a 2003 single by Elio e le Storie Tese featuring Max Pezzali, anticipating the album Cicciput.

In 2003, Elio e le Storie Tese won the Best Italian Videoclip award at the Italian Music Awards of Federation of the Italian Music Industry for the videoclip of the song.

In the same year, the band released a remixed vinyl record of the single titled "Shpalman® RMX", which sees the collaboration, among others, of Gabry Ponte.

The song tells the story of a superhero that, to defeat villains, douses their faces with excrement. It is written by the band's keyboard player Rocco Tanica, along with Italian singer Max Pezzali as a guest. The music video is a parody of the Le Vibrazioni's "Dedicato a te" video.

Le Vibrazioni
Le Vibrazioni (English: "The Vibrations") is an Italian rock and pop band formed in Milan in 1999. They made their breakthrough in 2003 with their debut single Dedicato a te ("Dedicated to you"), which went platinum in Italy.
The Shattering Peace
The Shattering Peace is a science fiction novel by American writer John Scalzi, the seventh book set in the Old Man's War universe, and takes place ten years after the events of The End of All Things. The book is written as a first-person narrative from the viewpoint of Gretchen Trujillo.

John Scalzi
John Michael Scalzi II (born May 10, 1969) is an American science fiction author and former president of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. He is best known for his Old Man's War series, three novels of which have been nominated for the Hugo Award, and for his blog Whatever, where he has written on a number of topics since 1998. He won the Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer in 2008 based predominantly on that blog, which he has also used for several charity drives. He has written non-fiction books and columns on diverse topics such as finance, video games, films, astronomy, writing and politics, and served as a creative consultant for the TV series Stargate Universe.

His novel Redshirts won the Hugo Award for Best Novel; his novels The Collapsing Empire and The Kaiju Preservation Society have both won the Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.
National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
The National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan (Dari: جنبش ملی اسلامی افغانستان, Junbish-i-Milli Islami Afghanistan), sometimes called simply Junbish, was a political party in Afghanistan founded by Abdul Rashid Dostum in 1992 made from his loyalist remnants from the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan's communist government.

It is described as "an organisation heavily peopled with former Communists and Islamists," and is regarded as somewhat secular and left-leaning. Its voter base is mostly Uzbeks, and it is strongest in Jowzjan, Balkh, Faryab, Sar-e Pol, and Samangan provinces. It was mainly supported by Uzbekistan during the Second Afghan Civil War and the Third Afghan Civil War.

Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)
The Battle of Kabul was a series of intermittent battles and sieges over the city of Kabul during the period of 1992–1996.

Throughout the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979 to 1989, and subsequent civil war (1989–1992) the city of Kabul saw little fighting. The collapse of Mohammad Najibullah's regime in April 1992 led to a peace treaty between the Afghan political parties and the establishment of the Islamic State of Afghanistan. But soon after, the undisciplined commanders from both former mujahideen and Communist ranks started to vie for power, abetted by foreign powers, namely Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Uzbekistan, who began arming their Afghan proxies to fight for control and influence.
Joy!
"Joy!" is a song by the English rock band Gay Dad from their first album, Leisure Noise, released as a single on 24 May 1999. It was featured in FIFA 2000 and in 2002 on a Mitsubishi television commercial. Additional vocals on the track are by Carol Kenyon.

Leisure Noise
Leisure Noise is the first album by London band Gay Dad, released via London Records and Sire Records on 7 June 1999. The album is a blending of glam rock, neo-psychedelia, krautrock and gospel into indie pop. Lyrically it is often about and constructed of rock history. The track listing was designed to mimic the traditional two-sided vinyl and the album was made available on vinyl.

Chris Hughes produced the album, except for "To Earth with Love", which was produced by Tony Visconti and Mark Frith. Gary Langan handled recording and mixing; Howie Weinberg mastered the album at Masterdisc in New York City.
Flaming Star
Flaming Star is a 1960 American Western film starring Elvis Presley, Barbara Eden, and Steve Forrest, based on the book Flaming Lance (1958) by Clair Huffaker. Critics agreed that Presley gave one of his better acting performances as the mixed-blood "Pacer Burton", a dramatic role. The film was directed by Don Siegel and had a working title of Black Star.

The film reached number 12 on the box-office charts.

It was filmed in Utah and Los Angeles, as well as in Wildwood Regional Park in Thousand Oaks, California. A road near Wildwood in Thousand Oaks has been named Flaming Star Avenue after the film.

Wildwood Regional Park
Wildwood Regional Park is a suburban regional park in the western Simi Hills and Conejo Valley, in Ventura County, California. It is located in western Thousand Oaks, northern Newbury Park, and southern Moorpark.

Wildwood is home to over 27 miles (43 km) of hiking trails. The four principle trails are the Mesa-, Moonridge-, Wildwood Canyon- and Santa Rosa Trails. Over 250 plant species have been recorded in Wildwood, as well as 37 species of mammals, 70 bird species, and 22 species of amphibians and reptiles.

The park consists of 1,765 acres (7.14 km2), and is connected to adjacent open-space areas comprising an additional 1,400 acres (5.7 km2). The park is operated by the Conejo Open Space Conservation Agency (COSCA).
September Songs – The Music of Kurt Weill
September Songs – The Music of Kurt Weill is a music video of 94 minutes recorded in 1994 for Rhombus Media, ZDF (Germany), CBC (Canada) and RTP (Portugal). It was produced and directed by Larry Weinstein, and written by Weinstein and David Mortin. The film was conceived as a follow-up to the album Lost in the Stars: The Music of Kurt Weill whose producer Hal Willner served as the music supervisor in this project. The film was nominated for the 1995 Emmy Awards for Outstanding Cultural Program; it won five Gemini Awards in 1997. An album was released in 1997.

Stan Ridgway
Stanard "Stan"  Ridgway (born April 5, 1954) is an American singer-songwriter, and film and television composer known for his distinctive voice, dramatic lyrical narratives, and eclectic solo albums. He was the original lead singer and a founding member of the band Wall of Voodoo.
Cours Sainte Marie de Hann
Cours Sainte Marie de Hann is a school for different group of ages ranging from Kindergarten to high school in Dakar, Senegal. It was founded in 1949–1950 and belongs to a group of private schools in the Dakar Diocese of the Catholic Church.

In 1991 it was awarded the UNESCO Prize for Peace Education.

UNESCO Prize for Peace Education
The UNESCO Prize for Peace Education was awarded annually beginning 1981. The main goal of UNESCO education prize was to encourage excellent effort in the drive to reach a better quality education. The prize endowed up to US$60,000 and a statuette designed by spanish sculptor Apel·les Fenosa for UNESCO. It honored extraordinary activities for peace education in the spirit of the UNESCO constitution. The prize was phased out in 2013.
Archias of Pella
Archias, son of Anaxidotus from Pella (Greek: Ἀρχίας Ἀναξιδότου Πελλαῖος), was a Macedonian officer and geographer who served as Trierarch under Admiral Nearchus. Archias was despatched with a galley of 30 oars, and reached the island of Failaka (Kuwait) and Tylos (Bahrain group). Tylos, Archias reported, was "about a day and a night's sail" from the mouth of the Euphrates.

Failaka Island
Failaka Island (Arabic: فيلكا Faylakah / Fēlaka; Kuwaiti Arabic:فيلچه /fe:lɪt͡ʃə/) is a Kuwaiti Island in the Persian Gulf. The island is 20 km off the coast of Kuwait City in the Persian Gulf.

Failaka Island is located 50 km southeast of the spot where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers empty into the Persian Gulf. For thousands of years, the island has been a strategic prize to control the lucrative trade that passed up and down the Persian Gulf. Failaka Island has been a strategic location since the rise of the Sumerian city-state of Ur. Due to its strategic location, Failaka Island has been continuously inhabited since antiquity. Up until the Gulf War, it was the longest continuously inhabited place in Kuwait.