hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minister of Business Development and Tourism (Manitoba)
The Minister of Business Development and Tourism was a cabinet position in the province of Manitoba, Canada.

Originally created in 1978 as the Minister of Economic Development, the position received additional responsibilities for tourism the following year, changing it to Economic Development and Tourism. It was again renamed in 1983, to Business Development and Tourism.

In 1988, the position was merged with the Industry, Trade and Technology (ITT) portfolio to create the new position of Industry, Trade and Tourism. The ITT had previously been founded in 1983 by the Howard Pawley administration and was led by ministers Eugene Kostyra (1983-1986) and Vic Schroeder (1986-1988).

Eugene Kostyra
Eugene Michael Kostyra (June 19, 1947 – May 3, 2020) was a Canadian politician in Manitoba. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1981 to 1988 and a cabinet minister in the New Democratic Party government of Howard Pawley.
U.S. Route 66 in New Mexico
U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) in New Mexico ran east–west across the central part of the state, along the path now taken by Interstate 40 (I-40). However, until 1937, it took a longer route via Santa Fe, now roughly I-25 and US 84. Large portions of the old road parallel to I-40 have been designated State Road 117 (NM 117), NM 118, NM 122, NM 124, NM 333, three separate loops of I-40 Business, and state-maintained frontage roads.

It is one of the roads on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.

Santa Rosa, New Mexico
Santa Rosa is a city in and the county seat of Guadalupe County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2020 census, Santa Rosa had a population of 2,850. It lies between Albuquerque and Tucumcari, situated on the Pecos River at the intersection of Interstate 40 (I-40), U.S. Route 54 (US 54), and U.S. Route 84 (US 84). The city is located on the western edge of the Llano Estacado or "staked plains" of eastern New Mexico and western Texas.
Giustizia e Libertà
Giustizia e Libertà (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈstittsja e lliberˈta]; lit. 'Justice and Liberty') was an Italian anti-fascist resistance movement, active from 1929 to 1945. The movement was cofounded by Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, who later became Prime Minister of Italy, Emilio Lussu, Sandro Pertini, who became President of Italy, and other Italian anti-fascist refugees.

The movement's members held various political beliefs but shared a belief in active, effective opposition to fascism, compared to the older Italian anti-fascist parties. Giustizia e Libertà also made the international community aware of the realities of fascism in Italy, thanks to the work of Gaetano Salvemini.

Resistance movement
A resistance movement is an organized group of people that tries to resist or try to overthrow a government or an occupying power, causing disruption and unrest in civil order and stability. Such a movement may seek to achieve its goals through either the use of violent or nonviolent resistance (sometimes called civil resistance), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In multiple cases, as for example in the United States during the American Revolution, or in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country.
2023 Grand Prix La Marseillaise
The 2023 Grand Prix La Marseillaise was the 44th edition of the Grand Prix La Marseillaise cycle race. It was held on 29 January 2023 as a category 1.1 race on the 2023 UCI Europe Tour. The race started in Marseille and finished in Septèmes-les-Vallons. The race was won by Neilson Powless of EF Education–EasyPost in a solo victory after attacking the leading breakaway of nine before ascending the final climb, Col de la Gineste.

Neilson Powless
Neilson Hunter Powless (born September 3, 1996) is an American and Oneida Nation professional road racing cyclist who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam EF Education–EasyPost. Powless is the first US Native American to compete in the Tour de France.
South Kesteven Rural District
South Kesteven was a rural district in Lincolnshire, Parts of Kesteven in England from 1931 to 1974.

It was formed under a County Review Order in 1931, by the merger of the Bourne Rural District and the Uffington Rural District.

It continued in existence until 1974, when it was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972, going on to form part of a larger South Kesteven non-metropolitan district.

Kesteven
The Parts of Kesteven (/ˈkɛstəvən/ or /kəˈstiːvən/) are a traditional division of Lincolnshire, England.  This division had long had a separate county administration (quarter sessions), along with the two other Parts of Lincolnshire, Lindsey and Holland.
Ghanchi Para
Ghanchi Para is a neighbourhood in District South of Karachi, Pakistan. It previously used to be part of Saddar Town.

The name Ghanchi Para literally means Ghanchi quarter, and is home to the Ghanchi community. In addition to the Ghanchi, the area is also home to a number of other Gujarati Muslim communities such as Chhipa, Memon and Tai.

Ghanchi (Muslim)
The Ghanchi (Gujarati: ઘાંચી, Hindi: घांची, Urdu: گھانچی) or Ghanchi-Pinjara are a Muslim community found in the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in India. A small number of Ghanchi are also found in the city of Karachi in Pakistan.
2013 Tippeligaen
The 2013 Tippeligaen was the 69th completed season of top division football in Norway. The competition began 15 March 2013 and ended on 10 November 2013, when Strømsgodset defeated Haugesund 4–0 to win their second league title.

The league was contested by 16 teams: The best 13 teams of the 2012 season, Start and Sarpsborg 08 who won promotion from the 2012 1. divisjon and Sandnes Ulf who retained their spot in the top league after beating the 1. divisjon side Ullensaker/Kisa in the relegation play-off.

Molde who won Tippeligaen the previous season failed to defend the championship and ended on sixth place. Strømsgodset who won silver in 2012, won their first league championship in 43 years, finishing one point ahead of title contenders Rosenborg. Haugesund won bronze for the first time in the history, while Tromsø and Hønefoss were relegated to the 2014 1. divisjon.

Frode Johnsen
Frode Johnsen (born 17 March 1974) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played for Odd and Rosenborg in the Tippeligaen and for Nagoya Grampus and Shimizu S-Pulse in Japan. He played in several positions, but was preferred as a striker or midfielder. Johnsen is 188 cm tall, and was a good header of the ball.

In his final season for Odds BK in 2015, Johnsen won the Kniksen's Honour Award for his long career as a footballer. He retired in the age of 41. In 2013, he became the topscorer in Tippeligaen, which also made him the oldest topscorer in a European league ever.
Champion Energy
Champion Energy is a retail electricity provider (REP) based in Houston, Texas. Champion Energy currently provides electricity services to residential customers in Texas and to commercial and industrial customers in deregulated electric energy markets across the country including Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. The company is a retail subsidiary of Calpine, America's largest generator of electricity from natural gas and geothermal resources.

Calpine
Calpine Corporation is a Fortune 500 company based in Houston, Texas. It is the largest generator of electricity from natural gas and geothermal energy in the United States, with operations in competitive power markets.

In January 2026, Constellation Energy announced it had completed its acquisition of Calpine for $16.4 billion.
Ronnie Coleman (American football)
Ronnie L. Coleman (born July 9, 1951) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1974 to 1981. He played college football for the Alabama A&M Bulldogs.

His son, KaRon Coleman, also played in the NFL.

Alabama A&M Bulldogs football
The Alabama A&M Bulldogs are the college football team representing the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. They play in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
Broniszowice, Opole Voivodeship
Broniszowice [brɔniʂɔˈvit͡sɛ] (German: Brünschwitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Otmuchów, within Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.

Gmina Otmuchów
Gmina Otmuchów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Nysa County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, on the Czech border. Its seat is the town of Otmuchów, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Nysa and 59 km (37 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 187.41 square kilometres (72.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 13,559.
Bernaldo de Quirós
Bernaldo (or Bernard) de Quirós (1675–1710), also known as Francisco Bernardo de Quirós y Benavides, is the only Asturian writer from the 17th century besides Antón de Marirreguera whose work has been preserved.

Little is known about Bernaldo de Quirós's personal life. He belonged to one of Asturias's most renowned families, and is likely the same "Bernaldo de Quiros" thought to have lived in Lena. He is believed to have been born around 1675, and to have participated in the War of the Spanish Succession on the side of Felipe V. It is believed that he may have died at a young age in the Battle of Zaragoza. It is thought that he was a renowned poet while he was still alive.

Asturian language
Asturian (/æˈstʊəriən/; asturianu [astuˈɾjanʊ]) is a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Asturian is part of a wider linguistic group, the Asturleonese languages. The number of speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three groups: Western, Central, and Eastern. For historical and demographic reasons, the standard is based on Central Asturian. Asturian has a distinct grammar, dictionary, and orthography. It is regulated by the Academy of the Asturian Language. Although it is not an official language of Spain, it is protected under the Statute of Autonomy of Asturias and is an elective language in schools. For much of its history, the language has been ignored or "subjected to repeated challenges to its status as a language variety" due to its lack of official status.
Rana Ujeshwori Bhagwati temple
The Rana Ujeshwori Bhagwati temple is located inside the Tansen Durbar square in Palpa district of Nepal. The temple was built by Ujir Singh Thapa as an offering to Goddess Bhagwati on the occasion of victory by Nepal Army over British Raj in Anglo-Nepali War (1872 BS).

The temple was  destroyed by the earthquake of 1990 BS   and was renovated by Pratap Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana.

Ujir Singh Thapa
Ujir Singh Thapa or Uzir Singh Thapa (Nepali: उजिरसिंह थापा), also known as Wazir Simha Thapa, anglicized as Wuzeer Singh, was a Nepalese administrator and military officer. He was the son of Kaji Nain Singh Thapa, a nephew of the Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa and elder brother of Mathabar Singh Thapa. His mother was Rana Kumari Pande, daughter of Mulkaji Ranajit Pande and granddaughter of Kaji Tularam Pande. During his late teenage, he was the military commander at the Palpa-Butwal axis during the Anglo-Nepalese War. He became the Governor (Bada Hakim) and the commander of armed forces deployed in Palpa administrative sector in 1814 AD on substitute of his grandfather Amar Singh Thapa (sanukaji) who died that year.
The Thibaults
The Thibaults (French: Les Thibault) is a multi-volume roman-fleuve (French, novel sequence) by Roger Martin du Gard, which follows the fortunes of two brothers, Antoine and Jacques Thibault, from their upbringing in a prosperous Catholic bourgeois family to the end of the First World War.  The author was awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature largely on the basis of this novel sequence.

Stuart Gilbert
Arthur Stuart Ahluwalia Stronge Gilbert (25 October 1883 – 5 January 1969) was an English literary scholar and translator. Among his translations into English are works by Alexis de Tocqueville, Édouard Dujardin, André Malraux, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Georges Simenon, Jean Cocteau, Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre, among others. He also assisted in the translation of James Joyce's Ulysses into French.
Dublin GAA
The Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Contae Átha Cliath) or Dublin GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Dublin and the Dublin county teams. The teams and their fans are known as "The Dubs" or "Boys in Blue". The fans have a special affiliation with the Hill 16 end of Croke Park.

The county football team is second to Kerry in its total number of wins of All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.

As of 2009, there were 215 clubs affiliated to Dublin GAA – the second highest, ahead of Antrim and Limerick, which each had 108.

Ballyboden St Enda's GAA
Ballyboden St Enda's (Irish: CLG Baile Buadáin Naomh Éanna) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in Knocklyon,  South Dublin, Ireland.  The club serves the Rathfarnham, Knocklyon, Ballycullen, Ballyboden, Ballyroan and Firhouse areas.  The club fields teams in hurling, camogie, Gaelic football, handball and rounders. Ballyboden St Enda's was founded in 1969 after the merger of two clubs in the Rathfarnham area – Ballyboden Wanderers (founded 1910) and Rathfarnham St. Endas (founded 1966).

The club's home ground, Páirc Uí Mhurchú, is located on the Firhouse Road. It was renamed, in 1984, in honour of the club's founding member and first chairman, Ned Murphy (Éamonn Ó Murchú; 1908–1981).

According to The Irish Times, Ballyboden is "almost certainly... the biggest sports club in Europe", with 172 teams representing it in 2020.
Áo dài
Áo dài (English: /ˈaʊˈzaɪ/; Vietnamese: [ʔaːw˧˦ zaːj˨˩] (North), [ʔaːw˦˥ jaːj˨˩] (South), lit. “long tunic”) is a traditional Vietnamese outfit consisting of a long split tunic worn over silk trousers. It can serve as formalwear for both men and women.

There are inconsistencies in the term áo dài. The currently most common usage is for a Francized design by Nguyễn Cát Tường (whose shop was named "Le Mur"), which is expressly a women's close-fitting design whose shirt is two pieces of cloth sewn together and fastened with buttons. A more specific term for this design would be "áo dài Le Mur". Other writers, especially those who claim its "traditionality", use áo dài as a general category of garments for both men and women, and include older designs such as áo ngũ thân (five-piece shirt), áo tứ thân (four-piece shirt), áo tấc (loose shirt), áo đối khâm (parallel-flap robe), áo viên lĩnh (round-collar robe), áo giao lĩnh (cross-collar robe), áo trực lĩnh (straight-collar robe).

Khăn vấn
Khăn Vấn (Chữ Nôm: 巾問), khăn đóng (Chữ Nôm: 巾㨂) or khăn xếp (Chữ Nôm: 巾插), is a kind of turban worn by Vietnamese people which became popular beginning with the reign of the Nguyễn lords. The word vấn means coil around. The word khăn means cloth, towel or scarf.
St Raphael's Church, San Rafael
St Raphael's Church (Spanish: Iglesia de San Rafael Arcángel) is a church in San Rafael, Antioquia, Colombia. The church is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sonsón–Rionegro, dedicated to the Archangel Raphael.

San Rafael, Antioquia
San Rafael is a town and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia. Part of the subregion of Eastern Antioquia.

The town was founded in 1864 by a group of miners who were attracted to the abundance of gold in the region. It is also rich in water resources. The population was 12,578 at the 2018 census.
Rocky Fork Creek
Rocky Fork Creek is a stream in Boone County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary to Perche Creek. Rocky Fork Creek was named for the limestone deposits near a fork in the watercourse. The Rocky Fork Lakes Conservation Area is named after the stream.

Rocky Fork Lakes Conservation Area
Rock Fork Lakes Conservation Area is a nature preserve and former strip mine in Boone County, Missouri. Located north of Columbia, Missouri adjacent to Finger Lakes State Park it is over 2000 acres of lakes, wetlands, forest, and prairie. Much of the land is severely degraded from strip mining by the Peabody Coal Company from 1963 to 1972.  The land was acquired by the Missouri Department of Conservation in 1979. A shooting range is open to the public and was renovated in 2014. The shooting range is monitored by a safety and maintenance technician. The 50-acre Rocky Fork Lake has a boat ramp and is used for fishing. It is named after Rocky Fork Creek.
Orestes (Theobald play)
Orestes is a 1731 tragedy with musical elements by the British writer Lewis Theobald, based on the Ancient Greek story of Orestes.

The original Lincoln's Inn Fields cast included James Quin as Thoas, Lacy Ryan as Orestes, Thomas Walker as Pylades, Thomas Chapman as Barzanes and William Milward as Araxes, Charles Hulett as Magician, William Pinkethman and John Hippisley as sailors, Elizabeth Younger as Hermione, Anne Berriman as Circe, and Elizabeth Mills as Laodice. The epilogue was written by Henry Fielding. It was dedicated to the prime minister Sir Robert Walpole.

Thomas Chapman (actor)
Thomas Chapman (1683-1747) was a British stage actor.

A long-standing member of John Rich's Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre company, he was popular for his comedy roles. Although he also played in tragic plays, his reception for them were less acclaimed.
Andévalo
El Andévalo or El Campo de Andévalo is one of the six comarcas in Huelva Province, Andalusia, southern Spain. It is located between the Sierra de Huelva, Costa Occidental, Cuenca Minera, Huelva and Condado de Huelva comarcas and the border of Portugal.

The present-day comarca was established in 2003.

Comarcas of Spain
In Spain, a  comarca (Spanish: [koˈmaɾka] ⓘ) 
is a traditional informal territorial division, comprising several municipalities sharing geographical, economic or cultural traits, typically with not well defined limits. Modernly, they have been formally defined for all the autonomous communities of Spain, as territorial entities intermediate between the municipality and the province, although their status ranges from official and with administrative functions (providing common local government services) in some communities, to unofficial and based on mere preliminary studies in other communities.

In English, a comarca is equivalent to an area, county, district, or zone.
Termination rates
In telephony, a termination rate is the price one telephone network operator charges another for calls that come from the other operator and terminate at a customer on its own network. The termination rate is one of the three components in the cost of providing telephone service, and the one subject to the most variation.

Calling party pays
Calling party pays (CPP) is a payment model in telephony, especially in cellular markets, that states that the total cost of a call is borne by the caller (calling party) and not the receiver (called party). It is also known as "Calling party network pays" or CPNP.

Traditionally, two more models have existed:

The receiving party pays (RPP) model, in which the caller pays for making the call and the receiver pays for receiving it.

Bill and keep model.
Aeotana
The æotana is a small wind instrument made of seven reeds or metal strips fastened in a frame, played by blowing into it. Some African cultures make a similar instrument called a nanga, which is played during royal dances such as the Tshikona.

Wind instrument
A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator (usually a tube) in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set at or near the end of the resonator. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube and by manual modifications of the effective length of the vibrating column of air. In the case of some wind instruments, sound is produced by blowing through a reed; others require buzzing into a metal mouthpiece, while yet others require the player to blow into a hole at an edge, which splits the air column and creates the sound.
The Torrents
The Torrents is a 1955 Australian play by Oriel Gray, set in the late 19th century, about the arrival of a female journalist in an all-male newspaper office, and an attempt to develop irrigation-based agriculture in a former gold mining town.

In 1955 it was voted best play that year by the Playwrights' Advisory Board, alongside Ray Lawler's Summer of the Seventeenth Doll, winning a prize of £100 for its author. This has been called "one of the great “compare and contrast” moments in the history of female Australian playwriting."

Ray Lawler
Raymond Evenor Lawler AO OBE (23 May 1921 – 24 July 2024) was an Australian playwright and dramatist, actor, theatre producer and director.

Lawler's most notable play was his tenth, Summer of the Seventeenth Doll (1953), which had its premiere in Melbourne in 1955. The play was notable for changing the direction of Australian drama. Considered one of the greatest Australian plays of the 20th century, it was adapted to a film in 1959, starring Angela Lansbury and Ernest Borgnine. The story of The Doll is preceded by Kid's Stakes, set in 1937, when the characters of The Doll are young adults, and then Other Times, which is set in 1945 and includes most of the same characters.
A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains
A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains is a travel book by British explorer Isabella Bird, describing her 1873 trip to the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, the on the frontier of the United States. The book is a compilation of letters that Bird wrote to her sister, Henrietta, and was published in October 1879 by John Murray.

Isabella Bird
Isabella Lucy Bishop  FRGS (née Bird; 15 October 1831 – 7 October 1904) was an English explorer, writer, photographer and naturalist. Alongside fellow Englishwoman Fanny Jane Butler, she founded the John Bishop Memorial Hospital in Srinagar in modern-day Kashmir. She was also the first woman to be elected as a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
Ion Manolescu-Strunga
Ion N. Manolescu-Strunga (12 May 1889 in Strunga, Iași County, Romania – 19 April 1951 in Sighetu Marmației, Romania) was a Romanian liberal politician.

He studied economics in Vienna and afterwards obtained his doctor's degree at the University of Berlin. He was undersecretary of the Ministry of Agriculture in 1933–1934, and again in 1936. He also was Minister of Industry and Commerce from 5 October 1934 to 1 August 1935 and Minister, secretary of state from 17 November 1937 to 28 December 1937.

Under the communist regime he was arrested on 6 May 1950. He was sentenced to 2 years of hard labor and sent to the Sighet Prison, where he died on 19 April 1951.

His first wife was actress Elvira Popescu. After his death, his second wife, Irina Manolescu-Strunga (née Filotti), was arrested on 15 April 1952; sentenced to two years, she was detained at Dumbrăveni and Văcărești prisons, and liberated on 30 November 1953. Their daughter, Gina, had a child with the journalist N. D. Cocea.

Strunga
Strunga (Hungarian: Sztrunga) is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is situated 55 km from Iași city. It is composed of eight villages: Brătulești, Crivești, Cucova, Fărcășeni, Fedeleșeni, Gura Văii, Hăbășești and Strunga.

At the 2002 census, 100% of inhabitants were ethnic Romanians. 55.3% were Romanian Orthodox, 43.8% Roman Catholic and 0.6% Seventh-day Adventist.

Today Strunga is a resort of local interest. Its mineral waters can be used in the treatment of many diseases.