hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barnes v Addy
Barnes v Addy (1874) LR 9 Ch App 244 was a decision of the Court of Appeal in Chancery. It established that, in English trusts law, third parties could be liable for a breach of trust in two circumstances, referred to as the two 'limbs' of Barnes v Addy: knowing receipt and knowing assistance.

Although the decision remains historically significant in common law countries, the House of Lords significantly revised the relevant equitable principles in cases such as Royal Brunei Airlines v Tan (1995) and Dubai Aluminium Co Ltd v Salaam (2002).

Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd
Farah Constructions v Say-Dee Pty Ltd, also known as Farah, is a decision of the High Court of Australia. The case was influential in developing Australian legal doctrines relating to equity, property, unjust enrichment, and constructive trusts,  as well as the doctrine of precedent as it applies in Australia.

In relation to the doctrine of precedent, the High Court held that Australian intermediate appellate courts and trial judges are bound by earlier decisions of intermediate appellate courts when construing federal and uniform national legislation, as well as non-statutory law, unless convinced that the earlier decision was 'plainly wrong'.  It further held that lower courts in Australia must obey the 'seriously considered dicta' of a High Court majority.

The decision also resolved in part the relationship between Barnes v Addy liability and the Torrens system; the court definitively stated that unjust enrichment is not the doctrinal basis for such claims.
Gangneung Hockey Centre
Gangneung Hockey Centre (Korean: 강릉 아이스하키 경기장) is an indoor arena located in the coastal city of Gangneung, South Korea. The arena was one of the two venues for the ice hockey events at the 2018 Winter Olympics, serving as the main venue for the men's tournament and medal matches. It also hosted the ice sledge hockey competition during the 2018 Winter Paralympics.

The cost of construction for the venue was estimated to be 108 billion won (about $90 million US). Construction started in July 2014 and was completed in March 2017.

Korea Ice Hockey Association president Chung Mong-won stated a desire for the Gangneung Hockey Centre to become the focus of ice hockey in Korea, and to leave an Olympic Games legacy. He said, "My dream is to turn Gangneung into a hockey town. I hope to see the day when people think of Gangneung, they'll think of hockey". In 2019, the Korea Ice Hockey Association voted to run its national development programs in Gangneung.

2018 Winter Paralympics
The 2018 Winter Paralympics (Korean: 2018년 동계 패럴림픽; RR: 2018nyeon Donggye Paereollimpik), the 12th Paralympic Winter Games, and also more generally known as the PyeongChang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games, were an international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), that was held in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 18 March 2018. They were the second Paralympics to be held in South Korea, following the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul.

569 athletes representing a record  49 National Paralympic Committees participated in these Games, including 3 newcomers Georgia, North Korea and Tajikistan. Following its debut as disciplines under the Alpine programme in Sochi, snowboarding was expanded into a separate sport with 8 additional events.
Georgiyevsk
Georgiyevsk (Russian: Гео́ргиевск; Ossetian: Гуым) is a historical town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located in the North Caucasus on submontane tableland on the right bank of the Podkumok River (a tributary of the Kuma River), 210 kilometers (130 mi) southeast of Stavropol. Population: 72,153 (2010 census).

Treaty of Georgievsk
The Treaty of Georgievsk (Russian: Георгиевский трактат, romanized: Georgievskiy traktat; Georgian: გეორგიევსკის ტრაქტატი, romanized: georgievsk'is t'rakt'at'i) was a bilateral treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and the east Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti on July 24, 1783. The treaty established eastern Georgia as a protectorate of Russia, which guaranteed its territorial integrity and the continuation of its reigning Bagrationi dynasty in return for prerogatives in the conduct of Georgian foreign affairs. By this, eastern Georgia abjured any form of dependence on Persia (who had been its suzerain for centuries) or another power, and every new Georgian monarch of Kartli-Kakheti would require the confirmation and investiture of the Russian tsar.
Jhossh
Josh is a 2009 Indian Kannada-language romance film directed and written by Shivamani. Produced by Sanjay Babu under SVP pictures, the film mainly stars debutant Rakesh Adiga, Shamna Kasim and Nithya, whilst Akshay, Vishnu Prasanna, Dwarakish, Achyuth Kumar, Tulasi Shivamani and Sihi Kahi Chandru feature in supporting roles. The music is composed by Vardhan, making his debut.

The film was released on 10 April 2009 across Karnataka and went on to become one of the highest grossers at the box-collection for the year. The film had a run over a hundred days at cinema halls. The film was remade in Telugu and Tamil as Keratam and Yuvan, respectively.

Tulasi (actress)
P. A. Tulasi (born 20 June 1967) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Telugu, Kannada, and Tamil cinema. Later she appeared in lead actress and supporting actress roles. She has acted in over 300 films in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, and Bhojpuri languages. She won two Nandi Awards and one Filmfare Award.
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbr. KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes.

Heineken Prizes
The Heineken Prizes for Arts and Sciences consist of 11 awards biannually bestowed by Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. The prizes are named in honor of Henry Pierre Heineken, son of founder Gerard Adriaan Heineken, Alfred Heineken, former chairman of Heineken Holdings, and Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken, current chair of the Heineken Prizes Foundations, which fund all Heineken Prizes for Arts and Sciences. Thirteen winners of the Dr H. P. Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics or the Dr A. H. Heineken Prize for Medicine subsequently were awarded a Nobel Prize.
Jun Fujita
Jun Fujita (Japanese: 藤田 準之助, Fujita Junnosuke, 18 December 1888 - 12 July 1963) was a first-generation Japanese-American photojournalist, photographer, silent film actor, and published poet in the United States. He was the first Japanese-American photojournalist. As an American, Fujita lived in Chicago, Illinois and worked for the now defunct newspapers: the Chicago Evening Post, published from 1886 to 1932, and Chicago Daily News, which was published 1876 to 1978. Fujita was the only photographer to document the aftermath of the St. Valentine's Day massacre. Following his death in 1963, most of his work was donated to the Chicago Historical Society, which later became the Chicago History Museum.

Issei
Issei (一世, "first generation") are Japanese immigrants to countries in North America and South America. The term is used mostly by ethnic Japanese. Issei are born in Japan; their children born in the new country are nisei (ni, "two", plus sei, "generation"); and their grandchildren are sansei (san, "three", plus sei, "generation").

The character and uniqueness of the issei is recognized in their social history.
CTXφ bacteriophage
The CTXφ bacteriophage is a filamentous bacteriophage. It is a positive-strand DNA virus with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

CTXφ infects some strains of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera. It carries the genes for cholera toxin (CTX), which makes cholera especially virulent. It can carry genes from one V. cholerae strain to another.

Cholera toxin
Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen, CTX, CTx and CT) is a potent enterotoxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae which causes severe watery diarrhea and dehydration that define cholera infections. The toxin is a member of the heat-labile enterotoxin family, and exists as an AB5 multimeric toxin with one enzymatically active A subunit and five receptor-binding B subunits that facilitate host cell entry.
La Flocellière
La Flocellière (French pronunciation: [la flɔsəljɛʁ]) is a former commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Sèvremont.

Sèvremont
Sèvremont (French pronunciation: [sɛvʁəmɔ̃]) is a commune in the department of Vendée, western France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of La Flocellière, Les Châtelliers-Châteaumur, La Pommeraie-sur-Sèvre and Saint-Michel-Mont-Mercure.
Tenfoot Bridge
Tenfoot Bridge is a wooden footbridge across the River Thames in Oxfordshire, England. It is situated on the reach above Shifford Lock and was built in 1869.  It connects Buckland on the south bank to Chimney on the north.

The name derives from a pre-existing weir which had a 10-foot-wide flash lock (3.0 m) in it. In 1867 there were complaints about the state of the weir bridge and after a dispute, the Thames Conservancy removed the weir and built the bridge two years later.

The Thames Path passes the bridge on the north bank, but does not cross it.  The path formerly crossed the bridge to Duxford south of the old course of the Thames.

Shifford Lock
Shifford Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England. It is in the centre of a triangle formed by the small villages of Shifford, Duxford and Chimney in Oxfordshire. It is at the start of a navigation cut built with the lock by the Thames Conservancy in 1898. This was the only new lock built on the non-tidal Thames in the era of falling revenue after the Thames Conservancy took over responsibilities of the Thames Navigation Commission. It replaced a flash lock in a weir about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) downstream.

There is a small weir beside the lock and a larger weir on the old course of the river upstream at the top of the lock cut.
Maquinna
Maquinna (also transliterated Muquinna, Macuina, Maquilla from m̓ukʷina in Nuu-chah-nulth) was the chief of the Nuu-chah-nulth people of Nootka Sound, during the heyday of the maritime fur trade in the 1780s and 1790s on the Pacific Northwest Coast. The name means "possessor of pebbles". His people are today known as the Mowachaht and reside today with their kin, the Muchalaht, at Gold River, British Columbia, Canada.

Nootka Sound
Nootka Sound (French: Baie de Nootka) is a sound of the Pacific Ocean on the rugged west coast of Vancouver Island, in the Pacific Northwest, historically known as King George's Sound. It separates Vancouver Island and Nootka Island, part of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It played a historically important role in the maritime fur trade.
XXXVI Mountain Corps (Wehrmacht)
The XXXVI Corps was a German military formation in World War II.

It was formed in October 1939 and took part in the invasion of France. In August 1940 the corps was moved to southern Norway and from there to northern Finland. It took part in Operation Barbarossa in mid-1941. It was part of the German AOK Norwegen (Army Norway) and was moved to northern Finland during June 1941. The XXXVI Corps took part in Operation Polarfuchs aiming to advance through Salla to Kandalaksha, and from there to Murmansk. In November 1941 the corps was renamed the XXXVI Gebirgskorps (Mountain Corps).

In late 1944 the corps had to fight its former allies during their withdrawal from Finland. The corps was forced to retreat from Finland back to Norway. The corps stayed the rest of the war in Norway and surrendered there in May 1945.

Salla
Salla, known as Kuolajärvi until 1936, is a municipality of Finland, located in Lapland. The municipality has a population of 3,235
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 5,873.08 square kilometres (2,267.61 sq mi) of
which 142.73 km2 (55.11 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
0.56 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.5/sq mi).

The nearby settlement of Sallatunturi is home to the Salla Ski Resort.
The Reunion (1963 film)
The Reunion (Italian: La rimpatriata) is a 1963 Italian film directed by Damiano Damiani. It was entered into the 13th Berlin International Film Festival. The film is about a group of old friends in Milan, all men in their late thirties, celebrating a chance reunion at a cinema in the suburbs (managed by one of them), and looking for encounters with women.

13th Berlin International Film Festival
The 13th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 21 June to 2 July 1963.

The Golden Bear was jointly awarded to To Bed or Not to Bed directed by Gian Luigi Polidoro and Bushido, Samurai Saga directed by Tadashi Imai.
George Mumford
George Mumford (died December 31, 1818) was a United States representative from North Carolina.

Mumford was born in Rowan County, North Carolina, birth date unknown. He attended the common schools. He was a member of the State house of commons in 1810 and 1811. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fifteenth Congress (March 4, 1817 – December 31, 1818)

Mumford died in Washington, D.C. and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery.

15th United States Congress
The 15th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in the Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1817, to March 4, 1819, during the first two years of James Monroe's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Institute of Registries and Notary
Institute of Registries and Notary (Portuguese: Instituto dos Registos e do Notariado) is a public organization subordinated to the Ministry of Justice, and is dealing with civil registration and registration of entities and vehicles.

Ministry of Justice (Portugal)
The Ministry of Justice (Portuguese: Ministério da Justiça) is the Portuguese government ministry responsible for the administration of the judiciary system. It is headed by the Minister of Justice.

The Ministry of Justice should not be confused with the Public Ministry. This last one is not a Government ministry - despite the name - but the independent body of magistrates of the Judiciary charged with the public prosecution and the legal representation of the State before the courts.

Unlike many other countries, the Portuguese Minister of Justice does not have any kind of hierarchic authority over the public prosecutors.
Shannon Wright
Shannon Wright is an American singer-songwriter. She was born in Jacksonville, Florida, United States, where she spent her childhood.

Former member of the band Crowsdell, Shannon Wright moved from New York to Chapel Hill, North Carolina in 1998, and while in Chapel Hill, Wright started writing songs and playing them for friends.  With their encouragement she sent a 4-track cassette tape to a friend of a friend who started Overcoat Records.  They released her first 7" A Tin Crown for the Social Bash. Later that year, Wright signed with Touch and Go Records in 1999 from Chicago, releasing six albums. Wright signed with Vicious Circle (France) in 2003 and continues to release records with them. In 2012, Wright signed with Ernest Jennings and released Secret Blood and In Film Sound in the States.

Crowsdell
Crowsdell was an indie-pop band from Jacksonville, Florida.  The members included Shannon Wright (guitar and vocals), Paul Howell (bass), and Laurie Anne Wall (drums).  They released singles on two different labels before signing with Big Cat in 1994.  They recorded their first full-length CD, Dreamette, with Stephen Malkmus of Pavement.  After Big Cat merged with a larger record label, their second full-length CD was dropped before ever hitting the shelves.  The band subsequently broke up and Shannon Wright went on to produce numerous solo albums.
Tikamgarh district
Tikamgarh district (Hindi pronunciation: [ʈiːkəmgəɽʱ]) is one of the 55 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Tikamgarh town is the district headquarters. The district is part of Sagar Division.

It is bounded on the east and southeast by Chhatarpur District of Madhya Pradesh, and by the Uttar Pradesh districts of Lalitpur on the west and Niwari District on the north.

Bundeli language
Bundeli (Devanagari: बुन्देली/बुंदेली)  or Bundelkhandi is an Indo-Aryan language  spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India. It belongs to the Central Indo-Aryan languages and is part of the Western Hindi subgroup.
Munshi Pulia metro station
Munshi Pulia is the northern terminal metro station on the North-South Corridor of the Red Line of Lucknow Metro station in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated in the Sector-13, 14 and 16 of Indira Nagar colony. There are two entrances to the station, from the Sector-16 side and from the Sector-13 and 14 side.

The metro fare is Rs 40 from Munshi Puliya to Charbagh Railway station as against Rs 150–200 by taxi. To Munshi Pulia to Airport is Rs 60 while a taxi will charge around Rs 400 to 500.

Red Line (Lucknow Metro)
The Red Line (Line 1) (Hindi: रेड लाइन) of the Lucknow Metro is a metro route of mass rapid transit system in Lucknow. It consists of 21 metro stations from CCS International Airport to Munshi Pulia with a total distance of 22.87 km. It is also known as the North-South corridor of Lucknow. The Lucknow metro train consists of four coaches, and they have a maximum speed of 90 km/h. Most of the lines are elevated.
Bahsuma
Bahsuma or Behsuma is a town and a nagar panchayat in Meerut district  in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is an ancient town of Mahabharata.
It is basically known for being the birthplace of Bhism Pitamah.

Bahsuma is located near the famous Mahabharata Place, which is just 5 km away.

Meerut district
Meerut district (Hindi pronunciation: [meːɾəʈʰ]) is one of the districts of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and a part of Delhi, with the city of Meerut as the district headquarters. Meerut District is also a part of the Meerut Division. The administrative head of district of Meerut is a District Magistrate while the administrative head of Meerut Division is Divisional Commissioner, an IAS officer.
Sadhu Ramchand Murmu University of Jhargram
Sadhu Ramchand Murmu University, also known as Jhargram University, is a public state university in Jhargram, West Bengal. The university was established in 2017 as Jhargram University under The Jhargram University Act, 2017. In 2021, it was renamed as Sadhu Ramchand Murmu University. This university offers courses at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.

Jhargram
Jhargram is a city  and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Jhargram district. It is a popular tourist destination known for its dense 
forests, ancient temples and royal palaces.
Eldar Rapaport
Eldar Rapaport (Hebrew: אלדר רפפורט) is an American-Israeli film director, screenwriter and producer, best known for his 2011 feature film August.

Originally from Tel Aviv, he moved to the United States in 1991 to attend Emerson College and the New York University Film School. He won the Iris Prize in 2009 for his third short film Steam.

He is currently based in New York, where he works as Chief Creative Officer for the digital media production firm Screenz. He has also served on the jury for the Iris Prize several times since his own award win.

Iris Prize
The Iris Prize is an international LGBTQ film prize and festival open to films by, for, about or of interest to gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender or intersex audiences, and which must have been completed within two years of the prize deadline. It was launched in 2006 by Berwyn Rowlands.
Hideo Sakaki
Hideo Sakaki (榊 英雄, Sakaki Hideo) (born June 4, 1970) is a Japanese actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in the Japanese cult films Versus, Battlefield Baseball, and Alive. He is a close friend of director Ryuhei Kitamura and appears in several of his films.

Ryuhei Kitamura
Ryuhei Kitamura (北村龍平, Kitamura Ryūhei; May 30, 1969) is a Japanese film director, producer, and screenwriter. Kitamura relocated to Sydney, Australia at age 17 and attended a school for visual arts for two years. In 1997, Kitamura directed and produced the short film Down to Hell, which received a positive response from students, teachers, and an award which motivated Kitamura to seriously pursue a film career. He went on to independently finance and direct his feature film debut Versus (2000). The film proved to be successful within the film festival circuit and opened doors for Kitamura to direct more high-profile films such as Alive (2002), Sky High (2003), Godzilla: Final Wars (2004), The Midnight Meat Train (2008), No One Lives (2012), the live-action adaptation of Lupin the 3rd (2014), and several other Japanese and Hollywood productions.
Senayan Bank Jakarta (Transjakarta)
Senayan (or Senayan Bank Jakarta, with Bank Jakarta granted for naming rights; formerly Gelora Bung Karno) is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station located in Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Jakarta, Indonesia. The station, which primarily serves in corridor 1, is located adjacent with the Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex at north and the Sudirman Central Business District to the south.

Jalan Jenderal Sudirman
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman (General Sudirman Avenue) or  Jalan Sudirman (Sudirman Avenue) is a major thoroughfare in Jakarta, Indonesia. Named after Indonesian national hero Sudirman, the road runs from Patung Pemuda Membangun at the south end to the bridge of the West Flood Canal to the north, where it meets Jalan M.H. Thamrin. The road had been built between 1949 and 1953 to connect Central Jakarta with Kebayoran Baru, now the road has become the financial center of the country.
Brink (video game)
Brink (stylised as BRINK) is a 2011 first-person shooter video game developed by Splash Damage and published by Bethesda Softworks for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in May 2011. In Brink, two factions, Resistance and Security, battle in a once-utopian city called The Ark, a floating city above the waters of a flooded Earth.

Brink has Steamworks integration, including Valve Anti-Cheat. It runs on id Tech 4 and has an updated rendering framework with improved support for multiple CPU cores. Brink is a first-person shooter with a strong focus on parkour-style movement. Online multiplayer servers hold up to 16 players; players can play cooperatively or competitively, or against artificially-intelligent bots.

The game received mixed reviews but was commercially successful. As of 2012, Brink had sold over 2.5 million units and generated around $120–140 million in revenue. The PC version of Brink became free-to-play on 22 August 2017.

Seasteading
Seasteading is the creation of permanent dwellings in international waters, so-called seasteads, that are   independent of established governments. No structure on the high seas has yet been created and recognized as a sovereign state. Proposed structures have included modified cruise ships, refitted oil platforms, and custom-built floating islands.

Some proponents say seasteads can "provide the means for rapid innovation in voluntary governance and reverse environmental damage to our oceans ... and foster entrepreneurship." Some critics fear seasteads may function primarily as a refuge for the wealthy to evade taxes or other national legislation.

While seasteading may guarantee some freedom from unwanted rules, the high seas are regulated internationally through bodies of admiralty law and law of the sea.

The term seasteading  is a blend of sea and homesteading, and dates back to the 1960s.