hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charged current
Charged current interactions (as opposed to neutral current interactions) are one of two primary channels in which subatomic particles can interact by means of the weak force. These interactions are specifically mediated by the W+ and W− bosons.

Weak interaction
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation. It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms: The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood by electroweak theory (EWT).

The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton.
Miloslav Vlk
Miloslav Vlk (Czech: [ˈmɪloslaf ˈvl̩k]; 17 May 1932 – 18 March 2017) was a Czech prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Prague from 1991 to 2010. He was made a cardinal in 1994. He was also the President of the Council of European Bishops' Conferences (1993–2001).

Archdiocese of Prague
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Prague (Praha) (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Pragensis; Czech: Metropolitní Arcidiecéze Pražská) is a Metropolitan Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Bohemia, in the Czech Republic.

The cathedral archiepiscopal see is St. Vitus Cathedral, in the Bohemian and Czech capital Prague, entirely situated inside the Prague Castle complex. Stanislav Přibyl is the current metropolitan archbishop.
J. P. Ricciardi
John Paul Ricciardi (born September 26, 1959) is an American Major League Baseball executive currently serving as an analyst for the Boston Red Sox and Worcester Red Sox on NESN. He previously served as the general manager of the Toronto Blue Jays from 2001 to 2009. He previously served as the as a special advisor to the president of baseball operations with the San Francisco Giants from 2018 to 2023.

B. J. Ryan
Robert Victor "B. J." Ryan Jr. (born December 28, 1975) is an American baseball coach and former relief pitcher. He played college baseball at Louisiana, where he played for coach Tony Robichaux in 1997 and 1998. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1999 to 2009 for the Cincinnati Reds, Baltimore Orioles, and Toronto Blue Jays.
Alte Waage (Leipzig)
The Alte Waage, in English: Old Weigh House, is a building that stands on the north side of the Markt of the German city of Leipzig, on the corner with Katharinenstrasse. Originally, it was built in 1555 under the direction of the mayor and builder Hieronymus Lotter (1497–1580) and the executive master builder Paul Speck († 1557). It is an example of the Saxon Renaissance.

Hieronymus Lotter
Hieronymus Lotter (around 1497 in Nuremberg-22 July  1580 in Geyer / Ore Mountains) was a merchant and several times mayor of Leipzig, construction manager for important sovereign building projects in Saxony and the driving force behind extensive building measures by the municipal council in Leipzig. Lotter was the Master builder of Maurice, Elector of Saxony, under the direction of the principal toolmaster and master builder Caspar Vogt von Wierandt († 1560). According to earlier research, he was considered an important architect of the Renaissance; today its role is seen in a more differentiated way and above all its organizational function is emphasized.
Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario
The Archdiocese of Kingston (Latin: Archidioecesis Kingstoniensis/Regiopolitana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Canada that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in southeastern Canada.

Its cathedral is St. Mary's Cathedral, dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, in Kingston, Ontario.

Military Ordinariate of Canada
The Military Ordinariate of Canada (French: Ordinariat militaire du Canada, Latin: Ordinariatus Militaris Canadensis) is a Latin Church military ordinariate of the Catholic Church.

It is immediately exempt to the Holy See and its Roman Congregation for Bishops. With no cathedral, the ordinariate's headquarters are at Canadian Forces Support Unit (Ottawa), Uplands site - Building 469, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K2. The current episcopal Ordinary is Scott McCaig. The Roman Catholic Military Ordinary is a member of the ecumenical Interfaith Committee on Canadian Military Chaplaincy (ICCMC).
Testbed
A testbed (also spelled test bed) is a platform for conducting rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific theories, computing tools, and new technologies.

The term is used across many disciplines to describe experimental research and new product development platforms and environments.  They may vary from hands-on prototype development in manufacturing industries such as automobiles (known as "mules"), aircraft engines or systems and to intellectual property refinement in such fields as computer software development shielded from the hazards of testing live.

Development mule
A development mule, also known as test mule or simply mule, in the automotive industry is a testbed vehicle equipped with prototype components requiring evaluation. They are often camouflaged to cover their designs.
Bernard de Linton
Bernard de Linton (fl. 1296) was the parson of Mordington mentioned in the Ragman Rolls of 1296, where he is styled persone del Eglife de Mordington, del counte de Berewyk, "parson of the church of Mordington, in the county of Berwick". Nothing else is known of him. He is famous because between 1726 and the 20th century he was wrongly identified with Bernard, Abbot of Kilwinning, also mentioned in the Ragman Rolls, who was later Chancellor of Scotland, Abbot of Arbroath and Bishop of the Isles.

Mordington
Mordington is an agricultural parish in the extreme south-east of Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders region. It is five miles from Berwick-upon-Tweed and borders Northumberland to the east, and south (where the boundary is the Whiteadder Water), Foulden to the west, and Lamberton to the north. The parish is bisected by the A6105 Berwick to Duns road. The lower part of the parish is covered by the Edrington estate. It is possibly the warmest parish in Scotland; the annual hours of sunshine are said to be almost as high as at Dunbar, which records the most hours in Scotland.
Society of Devotees of Natural Science, Anthropology, and Ethnography
The Society of Devotees of Natural Science, Anthropology, and Ethnography (OLEAE; Russian: Императорское общество любителей естествознания, антропологии и этнографии (ОЛЕАЭ)) was a public scientific organization in the Russian Empire and its successor states from 1863 to 1931. Members included scientists and professors but also educated laymen interested in the subjects as an avocation.

The society was involved in the organization of natural science expeditions, exhibitions of finds from these various missions, public science education, and promoting of funding for science in the Russian Empire and later in the USSR.

Anatoli Bogdanov (zoologist)
Anatoli Petrovich Bogdanov (Russian: Анатолий Петрович Богданов; 13 October 1834 – 28 March 1896) was a Russian zoologist and a pioneer of physical anthropology. He served as a professor of zoology at Moscow University. He was influential in the establishment of Moscow zoo.
John Watson House (Warrenton, North Carolina)
The John Watson House, now called The Historic Magnolia Manor, also known as Burwell House is a historic plantation house located at Warrenton, Warren County, North Carolina.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Warrenton, North Carolina
Warrenton is a town in and the county seat of Warren County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 862 at the 2020 census. Warrenton, now served by U.S. routes 158 and 401, was founded in 1779. It became one of the wealthiest towns in the state from 1840 to 1860, being a trading center of an area of rich tobacco and cotton plantations. It has a large stock of historic architecture buildings. More than 90 percent of its buildings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places and its National Historic District encompasses nearly half its area.
Shuttleworth Foundation
The Shuttleworth Foundation was established in January 2001 by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth as an experiment with the purpose of providing funding for people engaged in social change. While there have been various iterations of the foundation, its structure and how it invests in social innovation, the current model employs a fellowship model where fellows are given funding commensurate with their experience to match a year's salary, allowing them to spend that year developing a particular idea. The Foundation announced that it is shutting itself down "by the beginning of 2024."

Notable past and present fellows include Marcin Jakubowski (who develops the Open Source Ecology project), Rufus Pollock (co-founder of the Open Knowledge Foundation) and Mark Surman (now Executive Director of Mozilla Foundation.)

Marcin Jakubowski
Marcin Jakubowski (born 1972) is a Polish American physicist and entrepreneur best known as the founder of Open Source Ecology (OSE), a project dedicated to developing open source industrial machines and tools for sustainable living.
Ralph Frank
Ralph Frank (born 1946) is the former American ambassador to Nepal (1997–2001) and Croatia (2003–2006).

Frank received a BA in 1968 and an MBA in 1973 from the University of Washington.

A cable written by Frank in November 2003 revealed the American interest in obtaining the S-300 surface-to-air missile system from Croatia. The Croatian government acquired the system in 1995, before the Operation Storm, but it was incomplete and was never operative. According to other sources, including the court testimony of arms dealer Zvonko Zubak, the system was indeed shipped to the U.S. in 2004. (See Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Europe))

Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Europe)
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak has depicted Europe and related subjects extensively. The leak, which began on 28 November 2010, occurred when the website of WikiLeaks—an international new media non-profit organisation that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and news leaks—started to publish classified documents of detailed correspondence—diplomatic cables—between the United States Department of State and its diplomatic missions around the world.
Cleveland Dam
The Cleveland Dam is a 91-metre-high (299 ft) concrete dam at the head of the Capilano River in Upper Capilano, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada that holds back Capilano Lake, also known as Capilano reservoir. Part of the Capilano River Regional Park, it stores a portion of the Lower Mainland's drinking water. It captures water from one of the three Metro Vancouver watersheds. Construction was started in 1951 and completed in 1954.

The dam is named after engineer Ernest Albert Cleveland who envisioned the need for the proper maintenance of a pristine and efficient water supply as well as sustainable use of water resources. He served as the first chief commissioner of the Greater Vancouver Water District from 1926 until his death in 1952.

Capilano (North Vancouver)
Capilano is a community in British Columbia, Canada. Located on the Burrard Inlet's North Shore, North of Vancouver, it comprises Upper and Lower Capilano within the District of North Vancouver. As its 'western gateway', located at the edge of the Pacific Temperate Rainforest, Upper Capilano is home to the forest's namesake Capilano Suspension Bridge, the region's largest tourist attraction, while urban Lower Capilano along Marine Drive connects the rest of the North Shore to Vancouver to the South via the Lions Gate Bridge.

Represented along with its Eastern neighbour as North Vancouver-Capilano for federal purposes and Western neighbour as West Vancouver-Capilano at the provincial level, it is primarily composed of low density single family residential (RS), but contains a small amount of low density multi-family residential (RM) along arterial roads.
Stillhouse Hollow Falls State Natural Area
Stillhouse Hollow Falls State Natural Area, located in Summertown, is a natural area in Maury County, Tennessee. The main feature of the area is Stillhouse Hollow Falls, a 75-foot (23 m) waterfall, which is located approximately two-thirds of a mile from the entrance. The natural area was acquired by the Tennessee Parks and Greenways Foundation (TPGF) and was later sold to the state of Tennessee. It was designated a natural area on June 3, 2006, under the Natural Areas Preservation Act of 1971.

TennGreen Land Conservancy
TennGreen Land Conservancy, formerly the Tennessee Parks and Greenways Foundation, is a non-profit land trust, established in 1998 to protect natural and scenic land in Tennessee. It is accredited by the Land Trust Alliance's Land Trust Accreditation Commission. The foundation is supported by membership donations, individual philanthropy, and gifts of land from private landowners.

The foundation's mission is to conserve natural monuments such as waterfalls, bluffs and caves. Conservation of such features usually creates relatively small reserves that are not environmentally sustainable in isolation, so the foundation also aims to create corridors of conserved land to link these features and larger reserves (such as national parks and state parks), which are also called greenways.
Mario Camus
Mario Camus García (20 April 1935 – 18 September 2021) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter. He won the  Golden Bear at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival with La colmena. His 1987 film The House of Bernarda Alba was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival and in the main competition at the 15th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1993 film Shadows in a Conflict was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.

The House of Bernarda Alba (1987 film)
The House of Bernarda Alba (Spanish: La casa de Bernarda Alba) is a 1987 Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival and in the main competition at the 15th Moscow International Film Festival. It is based on the play of the same name by Federico García Lorca.

Filming locations included Madrid and Antequera.
Louis Moreau-Lislet
Louis Moreau-Lislet (Dondon, 7 October 1766 – New Orleans, 3 December 1832) was an American jurist and translator.

He is considered one of the fathers of the Louisiana Civil Code, which he drafted together with James Brown and Edward Livingston. Further, he served as Attorney General of the then Territory of Orleans.

He is interred at the Saint Louis Cemetery No. 1.

Dondon
Dondon (Haitian Creole: Dondon) is a commune in the Saint-Raphaël Arrondissement, in the Nord department of Haiti. It has 25,846 inhabitants.

Dondon is nicknamed "the city of caves" with numerous natural caves in the surrounding mountains. The most famous is the voûte-à-Minguet.
Nothing at All (Kasey Chambers song)
"Nothing at All" is a country song performed and written by Kasey Chambers and produced by her brother, Nash Chambers, released in July 2006 as the lead single from her fourth studio album Carnival (2006).

The song won the "Most Performed Country Work" at the APRA Music Awards of 2007 It was the third year in a row Chambers won this award. The song earned Chambers a nomination for Best Female Artist at the ARIA Music Awards of 2006.

2006 ARIA Music Awards
The 20th annual Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as ARIA Music Awards or simply The ARIAs) were held on 29 October 2006 at the Acer Arena at the Sydney Olympic Park complex. Presenters on the night included James Mathison, Johnny Knoxville, Jesse McCartney and John Mayer.
Miranda Dear
Miranda Dear is an Australian film producer, who worked with Darren Dale at Blackfella Films for ten years. She is especially known for many acclaimed TV series, including Redfern Now and Total Control.

Total Control (TV series)
Total Control is an Australian television political drama series first screened on ABC TV in October 2019. Its working title was Black Bitch, but that was deemed too controversial and the series was renamed. Season 2 began airing on 7 November 2021, and the final season premiered on the ABC on 14 January 2024.
Circle Bar Racing
Circle Bar Racing was an auto racing team that competed in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series from 1997 to 2010. The team was most notable for its relationship with Ford Motor Company as well as its long-time driver, Rick Crawford.

David Starr (racing driver)
David Leon Starr (born October 11, 1967) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 53 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Joey Gase Motorsports with Scott Osteen. He has also previously competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, where he is a four-time race winner, as well as NASCAR Cup Series, and what are now the ARCA Menards Series and ARCA Menards Series West.
Adobe Illustrator
Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor and design software developed and marketed by Adobe. Originally designed for the Apple Macintosh, development of Adobe Illustrator began in 1985. Along with Creative Cloud (Adobe's shift to a monthly or annual subscription service delivered over the Internet), Illustrator CC was released. The latest version, Illustrator 2026, was released on October 28, 2025, and is the 30th generation in the product line. Adobe Illustrator was reviewed as the best vector graphics editing program in 2021 by PC Magazine.

John Warnock
John Edward Warnock (October 6, 1940 – August 19, 2023) was an American computer scientist, inventor, technology businessman, and philanthropist best known for co-founding Adobe Systems Inc., the graphics and publishing software company, with Charles Geschke in 1982. Warnock was President of Adobe for his first two years and chairman and CEO for his remaining sixteen years at the company. Although he retired as CEO in 2001, he continued to co-chair the Adobe Board of Directors with Geschke until 2017. Warnock pioneered the development of graphics, publishing, web and electronic document technologies that have revolutionized the field of publishing and visual communications.
Debre Birhan University
Debre Birhan University (DBU) is a public university in the city Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It is one of thirteen new universities which were established in 2007 by the Ethiopian government.

Debre Birhan
Debre Birhan (Amharic: ደብረ ብርሃን) is a city in central Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, about 120 kilometers north east of Addis Ababa on  Ethiopian highway 2, the town has an elevation of 2,840 meters, which makes it the highest town in Africa. It was an early capital of Ethiopia and afterwards, with Ankober and Angolalla, was one of the capitals of the kingdom of Shewa. Today, it is the administrative center of the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region.
Spodnji Dolič
Spodnji Dolič (pronounced [ˈspoːdnji ˈdɔːlitʃ] or [ˈspoːdnji ˈdoːlitʃ]; German: Unterdollitsch) is a dispersed settlement in the hills northwest of Vitanje in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the Municipality of Vitanje in the Savinja Statistical Region.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Margaret and belongs to the Parish of Vitanje. It dates to the second half of the 16th century.

Municipality of Vitanje
The Municipality of Vitanje (pronounced [ˈʋiːtanjɛ]; Slovene: Občina Vitanje) is a municipality below the slopes of Pohorje in northeastern Slovenia. Its seat is the town of Vitanje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
1988 Cook County, Illinois, elections
The Cook County, Illinois, general election was held on November 8, 1988.

Primaries were held March 15, 1988.

Elections were held for Clerk of the Circuit Court, Recorder of Deeds, State's Attorney, one seat on the Cook County Board of Appeals, three seats on the Water Reclamation District Board, and judgeships on the Circuit Court of Cook County.

Aurelia Pucinski
Aurelia Marie Pucinski (born April 29, 1947) is a judge on the Illinois Appellate Court for the First District. She previously served as a trial judge and clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County. Her second term expires in 2030.
Copenhagen Climate Challenge
During the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 (COP15), there was a rival conference in Copenhagen, Denmark, for deniers, called the Copenhagen Climate Challenge, which was organised by the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow.

While COP15 attracted 33,200 delegates, the rival deniers' conference was attended by 60 people (15 journalists, 18 speakers, 27 audience). According to Lenore Taylor of The Australian, the attendees had an average age "well over 60". In closing his speech, Plimer stated that "They've got us outnumbered, but we've got them outgunned, and that's with the truth." Plimer also stated that "It's been freezing in Perth and bucketing down". Perth had below-average rainfall in 2009 and temperatures of 38 °C (100 °F) were forecast for 13 December.

Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow
The Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT) is a US-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 1985 that advocates for free-market solutions to environmental issues. According to its mission statement, CFACT also seeks to protect private property rights, promote economic policies that reduce pollution and protect wildlife, and provide an "alternative voice on issues of environment and development".

The organization rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.
Idwal Jones (politician)
James Idwal Jones (30 June 1900 – 18 October 1982) was a Welsh, Labour Party politician.

He was born in Rhosllannerchrugog, Wrexham, and educated at Ruabon Grammar School and Normal College, Bangor. He became a teacher in 1922 in Holt, but then moved to positions in Glyn Ceiriog and Penycae. In 1938, he was appointed as headmaster at Grango School in his home village of Rhosllannerchrugog.

He first stood as a Labour Parliamentary candidate in 1951 for the Denbigh constituency, but was unsuccessful. He was elected at a by-election in March 1955 following the death of the sitting Labour MP Robert Richards. Jones held the seat at the general election in May 1955, and at subsequent elections until he retired from the House of Commons at the 1970 general election.

He died at Ponciau, Wrexham, aged 82.

He was the brother of Thomas Jones, Baron Maelor, Member of Parliament for Merioneth from 1951 to 1966.

Ponciau
Ponciau is a village within the community of Rhosllanerchrugog, Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It is close to the villages of Legacy, Pentre Bychan, and Johnstown and is overlooked by Ruabon Mountain.

The village name is also applied to a larger electoral ward, whose population at the 2011 Census was 4,842.
Putrifiers II
Putrifiers II is the thirteenth studio album by the American garage rock band Thee Oh Sees (and the seventh released under the full Thee Oh Sees name), released on September 11, 2012, on In The Red Records.

Mikal Cronin
Michael "Mikal" Patrick Cronin (born December 26, 1985) is an American musician and songwriter. He has released four solo albums and several singles. Cronin was a member of the bands Okie Dokie, Epsilons, Party Fowl and Moonhearts, and is a regular and longtime member of Ty Segall's live band, contributing bass guitar, backing vocals and saxophone; he has also released an album and a single in collaboration with Segall. Cronin earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts in music from California Institute of the Arts.