hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parsons King Johnson
Parsons King Johnson (May 8, 1816 – November 23, 1907) was an American pioneer.

Born in Brandon, Vermont, he settled in St. Paul, Minnesota Territory in 1849. He was the first person to settle in what is now Mankato, Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives in 1849 and 1856. Johnson was a tailor. His brother-in-law was Henry Jackson; his grandson was Frank B. Johnson. Johnson died in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Mankato, Minnesota
Mankato (/mænˈkeɪtoʊ/ ⓘ man-KAY-toh) is a city in Blue Earth, Nicollet, and Le Sueur counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the county seat of Blue Earth County. It is the 21st-largest city in Minnesota and fourth-largest outside of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area, with a population of 44,488 at the 2020 census. The Mankato–North Mankato metropolitan area has an estimated 105,000 residents.

Mankato lies along a large bend of the Minnesota River at its confluence with the Blue Earth River. The city is home to Minnesota State University, the state's second-largest university by enrollment.
Chopaka, British Columbia
Chopaka is an unincorporated community in the Similkameen region of south central British Columbia. Immediately north of the Canada–United States border, the population centre is on the west shore of the Similkameen River. The Nighthawk–Chopaka Border Crossing lies to the east. Off BC Highway 3, the locality is by road about 96 kilometres (60 mi) southeast of Princeton and 75 kilometres (47 mi) south of Penticton.

Nighthawk–Chopaka Border Crossing
The Nighthawk–Chopaka Border Crossing connects the town of Loomis, Washington and Cawston, British Columbia on the Canada–United States border. Similkameen Road on the American side joins Nighthawk Road on the Canadian side.
François Achille Longet
François Achille Longet (25 May 1811 – 20 April 1871) was a French anatomist and physiologist who was a native of Saint Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines.

He was a student of François Magendie (1783–1855), and a pioneer in the field of experimental physiology. In 1853 he attained the chair of physiology of the Faculté de Médecine in Paris. One of his better known students was German physiologist Moritz Schiff (1823–1896).

Longet is remembered for extensive research of the autonomic nervous system, and physiological experiments of the anterior and posterior columns of the spinal cord in regards to sensory and motor functionality. Also, he is credited with providing a detailed comprehensive description of nerve innervation of the larynx. With Jean Pierre Flourens (1794–1867), he performed pioneer experiments on the effects of ether and chloroform on the central nervous system in laboratory animals.

Moritz Schiff
Moritz Schiff (28 January 1823, Frankfurt – 6 October 1896, Geneva) was a German physiologist and the elder brother of the chemist Hugo Schiff (1834-1915), particularly known for his staining technique.

He made major contributions to human physiology, including studies of the circulatory system and the action of the vagus nerve.

Unfortunately despite his independent and original spirit and being a much-cited author, he never reached the popularity of his contemporaries Emil du Bois-Reymond, Hermann von Helmholtz and Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard.
Alfred Baudrillart
Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart, Orat. (6 January 1859 – 19 May 1942) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church, who became a cardinal in 1935. A historian and writer, he served as Rector of the Institut Catholique de Paris from 1907 until his death. He campaigned to rouse international support for France during the First World War, while in the Second World War he supported the Vichy regime and backed the Germans for leading the international struggle against Bolshevism.

Catholic University of Paris
The Institut catholique de Paris (French: [ɛ̃stity katɔlik də paʁi], abbr. ICP), known in English as the Catholic University of Paris (and in Latin as Universitas catholica Parisiensis), is a private university located in Paris, France.
Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China
The Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国劳动合同法) is the primary source of labour law in China and went into effect on January 1, 2008, following a series of staff-sacking scandals in many companies. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China is the responsible government department for administrating this law.

Labour law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are laws that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union.

Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work. Employment standards are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work. Government agencies (such as the former US Employment Standards Administration) enforce labour law (legislature, regulatory, or judicial).
Chaiyapruk Didyasarin
Chaiyapruk Didyasarin (Thai: ชัยพฤกษ์ ดิษยะศริน; RTGS: Chaiyaphruek Dityasarin, born 8 December 1958) is a former Thai air force officer. He served as commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Air Force from 1 October 2018 to 30 September 2019. Manat Wongwat was appointed his successor. As of 16 January 2020, he serves as chairman of the board of directors of Thai Airways.

In August 2019, he received Singapore's Meritorious Service Medal (Military) award.

Pingat Jasa Gemilang (Tentera)
The Pingat Jasa Gemilang (Tentera) (English: Meritorious Service Medal (Military)) is a decoration awarded to members of the Singapore Armed Forces for exceptionally distinguished performance or extraordinary service, or the furtherance of links with overseas forces.

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PJG

The Pingat Jasa Gemilang is the civil equivalent award.
Zeke's Pad
Zeke's Pad is an animated television series about the adventures of a 14-year-old skateboarder and artist named Zeke who owns a magic electronic pad that brings anything he draws to life. The show was co-produced by Bardel Entertainment, Flying Bark Productions, Star Farm Productions, and Leaping Lizard Productions in association with Seven Network Australia and YTV Canada Inc. It aired on YTV in Canada on Saturdays at 7 PM.

Tabitha St. Germain
Tabitha St. Germain (born 1962 or 1963), formerly known as Paulina Gillis and also known as Kitanou St. Germain, is a Canadian actress. Her best known roles include Shana in Shakugan no Shana (2006–07), Roberta in Black Lagoon (2007), Naomi Misora in Death Note (2007), Rarity and Princess Luna in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010–19), and Pepper Clark in Littlest Pet Shop (2012–16).
Kirtland, Ohio
Kirtland is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,937 at the 2020 census. Kirtland is known for being the early headquarters of the Latter Day Saint movement from 1831 to 1837 and the site of the movement's first temple, the Kirtland Temple, completed in 1836. The Kirtland Temple and nearby Historic Kirtland Village are maintained as historic sites highlighting that era. The city is also the location for multiple parks in the Lake Metroparks system, as well as the Holden Arboretum.

Lake County, Ohio
Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 232,603. Its county seat is Painesville, and its largest city is Mentor.

The county was established on March 6, 1840, from land given by Cuyahoga and Geauga counties. Its name is derived from its location on the southern shore of Lake Erie and the fact that the majority of the county’s land lies beneath Lake Erie. Lake County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Vikram Bhagvandas Mehta
Vikram Bhagvandas Mehta (August 15, 1946 – June 4, 2014) was an Indian mathematician who worked on algebraic geometry and vector bundles. Together with Annamalai Ramanathan he introduced the notion of Frobenius split varieties, which  led to the solution of several problems about Schubert varieties. He is also known to have worked, from the 2000s onward, on the fundamental group scheme. It was precisely in the year 2002 when he and Subramanian published a proof of a conjecture by Madhav V. Nori that brought back into the limelight the theory of an object that until then had met with little success.

Fundamental group scheme
In mathematics, the fundamental group scheme is a group scheme canonically attached to a scheme over a Dedekind scheme (e.g. the spectrum of a field or the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring). It is a generalisation of the étale fundamental group.  Although its existence was conjectured by Alexander Grothendieck, the first proof of its existence is due, for schemes defined over fields, to Madhav Nori. A proof of its existence for schemes defined over Dedekind schemes is due to Marco Antei, Michel Emsalem and Carlo Gasbarri.
Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.

Analysis
Analysis (pl.: analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle, though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.

The word comes from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (analysis, "a breaking-up" or "an untying" from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening"). From it also comes the word's plural, analyses.

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to René Descartes (Discourse on the Method), and Galileo Galilei. It has also been ascribed to Isaac Newton, in the form of a practical method of physical discovery (which he did not name).

The converse of analysis is synthesis: putting the pieces back together again in a new or different whole.
2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)
The South American section of the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as qualifiers for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, to be held in Qatar, for national teams which are members of the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). A total of 4.5 slots (4 direct slots and 1 inter-confederation play-off slot) in the final tournament were available for CONMEBOL teams.

The qualification process began on 8 October 2020 and ended on 29 March 2022. Uruguay's Luis Suárez scored the first goal of the round-robin. This was the third time Suárez had opened scoring in the group (after 2010 and 2014), as well as the fourth consecutive time a Uruguayan player had done so (Martín Cáceres scored the first goal of the 2018 process).

Martín Cáceres
José Martín Cáceres Silva (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾˈtiŋ ˈkaseɾes]; born 7 April 1987) is an Uruguayan professional footballer who plays for Juventud. Mainly a centre-back, he can also play on either flank, mostly as a right-back.

After starting out at Defensor Sporting, he was bought by Spanish club Villarreal in 2007. In the following years he competed in Spain and Italy, notably winning six Serie A titles with Juventus and the 2009 Champions League with Barcelona. He later had a brief spell in England with Southampton before returning to Italy in 2017; despite his ability, his career was limited by several injuries.

An Uruguay international since the age of 20, Cáceres represented the country in four World Cups, three editions of the Copa América and the 2013 Confederations Cup, winning the 2011 Copa América.
FIBA–EuroLeague dispute
The FIBA–EuroLeague Basketball controversy is a historical dispute between FIBA Europe and EuroLeague Basketball over control of the European-wide club basketball competitions. It initially started as a dispute between FIBA Europe and ULEB.

European professional club basketball system
Professional men's basketball clubs in Europe can compete in a number of different competitions, including national leagues, regional (multi-national) leagues, and continental competitions. It is therefore possible for clubs from some countries to take part in several levels of competition in the same season. Clubs usually qualify for European competitions through performance in their national or regional leagues, with the exception of wild cards.
Antonio José Ruiz de Padrón
José Antonio Ruiz de Padron (1757–1823) was a noted Spanish politician and Catholic priest. He was a critic of the Inquisition and promoter of a more enlightened Catholic faith. In 1785 he went to Pennsylvania and met and debated with George Washington and Benjamin Franklin. In November 2012, he was awarded the Distinguished Honorary Favorite Son of the Island of La Gomera.

La Gomera
La Gomera (Spanish: [la ɣoˈmeɾa] ⓘ) is one of Spain's Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. With an area of 370.03 km2 (142.87 sq mi), it is the third-smallest of the archipelago's eight main islands. It belongs to the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. La Gomera is the third least populous of the eight main Canary Islands, with 22,361 inhabitants at the start of 2023. Its capital is San Sebastián de La Gomera, where the cabildo insular (island council) is located.
Jorun Thørring
Jorun Thørring is a Norwegian writer, born in Tromsø in 1955.  She lives in Melhus Municipality, is a specialist in gynaecology, and has her own private practice in Trondheim.  She made her literary debut in 2005 with the crime novel Skyggemannen (The Shadow Man).

In 2007 she won the Havmann Award, a literary award for the best Northern Norwegian book published in the previous year, for her novel Tarantellen (The Tarantula).

Melhus Municipality
Melhus is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Gauldalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Melhus. Other villages include Gåsbakken, Hovin, Korsvegen, Kvål, Ler, Lundamo, Storsand, and Øysand.

The 694-square-kilometre (268 sq mi) municipality is the 166th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Melhus Municipality is the 74th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 17,560. The municipality's population density is 25.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi) and its population has increased by 10.8% over the previous 10-year period.

Agriculture is important in Melhus Municipality. The extensive lowland areas in the almost flat valley surrounding the Gaula River are dominated by grain fields. Many inhabitants work in the nearby city of Trondheim, a 20-minute drive north from Melhus.
Yuliy Kim
Yuliy Chersanovich Kim (Russian: Юлий Черсанович Ким, Korean: 율리 킴; born 23 December 1936, Moscow) is a Russian bard, composer, poet, and songwriter. His songs, encompassing everything from mild humor to biting political satire, appear in dozens of Soviet movies, including Bumbarash, The Twelve Chairs, and An Ordinary Miracle, as well as the songs "The Brave Captain," "The Black Sea," "The Whale-Fish," "Cursed Lips," "Captain Bering," and "Baron Germont Went to War."  Since 1998, he has been living in Israel and has made periodic tours throughout Russia, Europe, and the United States.

The Twelve Chairs (1976 film)
The Twelve Chairs (Russian: 12 стульев) is a 1976 four-episode musical television film directed by Mark Zakharov based on the 1928 novel of the same name by Ilf and Petrov.

It is the second full length adaptation of the novel in the Soviet Union (the first was directed by Leonid Gaidai) and is the sixth one in the world.
Trouble Walkin'
Trouble Walkin' is the second full-length solo album released by Ace Frehley (two previous albums were credited to Frehley's Comet). The album features guest performances by former Kiss drummer Peter Criss, as well as Skid Row members Sebastian Bach, Rachel Bolan and Dave Sabo.

The album peaked at No. 102 on the Billboard 200 chart. The lone single, a cover of The Move's "Do Ya", did not chart. "Hide Your Heart", co-written by Paul Stanley, first appeared on Bonnie Tyler's Hide Your Heart album, and later appeared on Kiss' Hot in the Shade, which was released four days later. Lead vocals for "2 Young 2 Die" were provided by rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Richie Scarlet. Former Kiss drummer Peter Criss was thanked for his contributions which were limited to backing vocals on "Hide Your Heart", "Trouble Walkin'", "2 Young 2 Die" and "Back to School".

UK-based company Rock Candy Records reissued this album on CD in 2014.

Do Ya (The Move song)
"Do Ya" is a song written by Jeff Lynne, that was originally recorded by The Move, which became a hit for the Electric Light Orchestra (led by Lynne, ELO originally being a side project of The Move) in 1977.
Mary Jerrold
Mary Jerrold (4 December 1877 – 3 March 1955) was an English actress. She was married to actor Hubert Harben, and mother of actress Joan Harben and celebrity chef Philip Harben.

She made her London stage debut as Prudence Dering in Mary Pennington Spinster (1896); and played Martha Brewster for three and a half years in the original West End production of Arsenic and Old Lace, opening in 1942. In 1922, in a stage production of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Jerrold became one of the oldest actresses cast as Elizabeth Bennet, at age 44. In the play, she acted opposite her husband, cast as Mr. Collins. She appeared in Molly Keane's Ducks and Drakes in 1941. In 1946 she starred in the West End melodrama But for the Grace of God by Frederick Lonsdale. In 1951 she played the lead role in Kenneth Horne's comedy And This Was Odd at the Criterion Theatre. In 1953 she appeared in A Day by the Sea by N.C. Hunter.

Ducks and Drakes (play)
Ducks and Drakes is a 1941 comedy play by the Irish writer Molly Keane. The plot revolves around the wives of three brothers, all living on a farm while their husbands are away due to the war.

It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Bath before transferring to the West End. It ran for 23 performances at the Apollo Theatre, directed by John Gielgud, with a cast that included Judy Campbell, Ronald Squire, Nora Swinburne, Kathleen Harrison, Mary Jerrold and Lilian Braithwaite.
Ivanko
Ivanko is a Slavic given name and a surname, a diminutive from the given name Ivan, a Slavic variant of the name "John". It may be a transliteration from Иванко or Иванько.

Notable people with the name include:

Ivan
Ivan (Cyrillic: Иван) is a male given name of Slavic origin, related to a variant of the Greek name Iōánnēs (English: John), which in turn derives from the Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yôḥānnān), meaning "God is gracious". The name is strongly associated with Slavic countries and cultures.

Ivan is a very common name in Russia, Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Belarus, North Macedonia, and Montenegro. It has also gained popularity in several Romance-speaking countries since the 20th century.
Norddjurs Municipality
Norddjurs Municipality (Danish: Norddjurs Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland in Denmark. It covers an area of 721.2 km2 and has a population of 36,658 (1 January 2025).

On 1 January 2007 Norddjurs municipality was created as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), consisting of the former municipalities of Grenå, Nørre Djurs and Rougsø, along with the eastern part of Sønderhald municipality. It includes the island of Anholt in its extreme northeast.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.

Central Denmark Region
The Central Denmark Region (Danish: Region Midtjylland), or more directly translated as the Central Jutland Region and sometimes simply Mid-Jutland, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform. The reform abolished the traditional counties (amter) and replaced them with five new administrative regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the total number of municipalities from 271 to 98. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favour of the local level and the national government in Copenhagen. The Central Denmark Region comprises 19 municipalities.
Emsland
Landkreis Emsland (German: [ˈɛmsˌlant] ⓘ) is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany named after the river Ems. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Leer, Cloppenburg and Osnabrück, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (district of Steinfurt), the district of Bentheim in Lower Saxony, and the Netherlands (provinces of Drenthe and Groningen).

Steinfurt (district)
Steinfurt (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪnfʊʁt] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in the northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Bentheim, Emsland, district-free Osnabrück and the Osnabrück district, Warendorf, district-free Münster, Coesfeld, Borken.
Torment (Six Feet Under album)
Torment is the twelfth studio album from American death metal band Six Feet Under, released on February 24, 2017 by Metal Blade Records. It is the first album to feature drummer Marco Pitruzzella. It is their first album since Unborn (2013) to feature bassist Jeff Hughell, whom also plays all guitars on the album.

Six Feet Under (band)
Six Feet Under is an American death metal band from Tampa, Florida, formed in 1993.

The band is currently composed of founding vocalist Chris Barnes, bassist Jeff Hughell, drummer Marco Pitruzzella, and guitarists Ray Suhy and Jack Owen. It was originally a side project formed by Barnes with guitarist Allen West of Obituary, but became a full-time commitment after Barnes was dismissed from Cannibal Corpse in 1995. Six Feet Under has released 14 albums, and is listed by Nielsen Soundscan as the fourth-best-selling death metal act in the U.S.
Florence Marly
Florence Marly (2 June 1919 – 9 November 1978) was a Czech-born French film actress. She started her career in France, appeared in Argentinian films during World War II, and later worked in the United States.

The Alibi (1937 film)
The Alibi (French: L'Alibi) is a 1937 French mystery film directed by Pierre Chenal and starring Erich von Stroheim, Albert Préjean and Jany Holt. It has been described as a precursor to film noir.

The film was shot at the Billancourt Studios and Epinay Studios in Paris. Location shooting took place at Trilport on the River Seine. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Eugène Lourié and Serge Piménoff.

The film was well received by critics on its release. It was released in the United States in April 1939 by Columbia Pictures. It was remade as the 1942 British film Alibi starring Margaret Lockwood and James Mason.