hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whyalla
Whyalla /waɪˈælə/ is a city in South Australia. It was founded as Hummock's Hill, and was known by that name until 1916. It is the fourth most populous city in the Australian state of South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, and Gawler, and along with Port Pirie and Port Augusta is one of the three towns to make up the "Iron Triangle".  It is a seaport located on the east coast of the Eyre Peninsula and is known as the "Steel City" due to its integrated steelworks and shipbuilding heritage. The Whyalla Steelworks is the major employer in the town, and has in February 2025 been put into voluntary administration by the Government of South Australia. The port of Whyalla has been exporting iron ore since 1903.

Liberty Steel Group
Liberty Steel Group Holdings UK Ltd (LSG), which is also referred to as Liberty House or Liberty House UK, is a British industrial and metals company founded in the United Kingdom in 1992 by industrialist Sanjeev Gupta. It is headquartered in London, England, and has offices in Dubai, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The company is a subsidiary of Gupta's GFG Alliance. The holding company of Liberty Steel, Liberty House Group PTE Ltd is based in Singapore.
Tioga School District
Tioga Public School District 15 is a school district headquartered in Tioga, North Dakota.

The district headquarters and Tioga High School are co-located while Central Elementary School is in a separate facility.

Within Williams County it includes Tioga and McGregor. Within Mountrail County it includes White Earth. It also includes sections of Burke and Divide counties.

Prior to the 2021 disestablishment of the New School District 8 (later the Williams County School District 8), some students from that district went to Tioga High School for high school.

Mountrail County, North Dakota
Mountrail County is a county in the northwestern part of North Dakota, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,809, and was estimated to be 9,474 in 2024. The county seat is Stanley and the largest city is New Town.

The county was originally created in 1873, then removed in 1892, and annexed by Ward County. It was re-created and organized in 1909.

The county is home to the headquarters of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara people, and a large part of the county belongs to the tribe's Fort Berthold reservation.
Powell Bridge
The Powell Bridge is a National Register of Historic Places site that crosses Big Sugar Creek near the community of Powell, Missouri, a rural hamlet in McDonald County, Missouri in the Ozark Mountains region. The bridge was built by the East St. Louis Bridge Co. and was opened to traffic on August 16, 1915. The single-lane pin-connected Pratt through truss was open to vehicular traffic from 1915 until a new two-lane bridge was built and opened beside it in 2015. It is currently owned by the Powell Historic Preservation Society and is one of three sites in McDonald County on the National Register of Historic Places, which also includes the Old McDonald County Courthouse. The community of Powell itself is best known as the home of famed gospel writer Albert E. Brumley.

McDonald County, Missouri
McDonald County is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,303. and was estimated to be 24,054 in 2024, Its county seat is Pineville.
Qasimabad Estate
Qasimabad Estate, (also known as Zahurabad pargana ) was a Zamindari estate and a jagir, named as Pargana, Zahurabad, located in the Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India it got the status of jagir in year 1675. The capital of Qasimabad estate was the town of Qasimabad but later, in 1758 the capital was shifted to Bahadurganj. It consisted of many places in the pargana of Zahurabad in 1901. The estate was established in year 1700 and it ended in 1956, completing a life span of 256 years.

Ghazipur district
Ghazipur district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Ghazipur is the district headquarters. The district is part of Varanasi Division. The region of Ghazipur is famous mainly for the production of its unique rose-scented Spray called Gulab Jal, and for the tomb of the Governor General of British India, Lord Cornwallis, who died here. His tomb is situated in Western part of City, and is conserved by Archaeological Survey of India.
Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre is a city in Lebanon, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It was one of the earliest Phoenician metropolises and the legendary birthplace of Europa, her brothers Cadmus and Phoenix, and Carthage's founder Dido (Elissa). The city has many ancient sites, including the Tyre Hippodrome, and was added as a whole to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984. The historian Ernest Renan described it as "a city of ruins, built out of ruins".

Tyre is the fifth-largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon, and Baalbek. It is the capital of the Tyre District in the South Governorate. There were approximately 200,000 inhabitants in the Tyre urban area in 2016, including many refugees, as the city hosts three of the twelve Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: Burj El Shimali, El Buss, and Rashidieh.

Phoenix (son of Agenor)
In Greek mythology, Phoenix or Phoinix (Ancient Greek: Φοῖνιξ Phoinix, gen.: Φοίνικος means "sun-red") was the eponym of Phoenicia who together with his brothers were tasked to find their abducted sister Europa.
Ursuline Convent riots
The Ursuline Convent riots occurred on August 11 and 12, 1834, in Charlestown, Massachusetts, near Boston, in what is now Somerville, Massachusetts. During the riot, a convent of Roman Catholic Ursuline nuns was burned down by a Protestant mob. The event was triggered by reported abuse of a member of the order, and was fueled by the rebirth of extreme anti-Catholic sentiment in antebellum New England.

Lyman Beecher
Lyman Beecher (October 12, 1775 – January 10, 1863) was an American Presbyterian minister and abolitionist. He fathered 13 children, over half of whom became writers or ministers, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Catharine Beecher, and Thomas K. Beecher.

According to his son Henry, Beecher was "largely engaged during his life-time in controversy". However, "he was also the most respected religious voice of his era. ...[H]e seemed also to embody all of the nation's moral ideals, in representing the established clergy, who looked to him for leadership.": 94
United States v. Apple (2012)
United States v. Apple Inc., 952 F. Supp. 2d 638 (S.D.N.Y. 2013), was a US antitrust case in which the Court held that Apple Inc. conspired to raise the price of e-books in violation of the Sherman Act.

The suit, filed in April 2012, alleged that Apple Inc. and five book publishing companies conspired to raise and fix the price for e-books in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The publishers are Hachette Book Group, Inc., HarperCollins publishers, Macmillan publishers, Penguin Group, Inc., and Simon & Schuster, Inc. (collectively referred to as the Publisher Defendants). Only Apple proceeded to trial, while the Publisher Defendants settled the claims against them.

Penguin Group
Penguin Group is a British trade book publisher and part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. The new company was created by a merger that was finalised on 1 July 2013, with Bertelsmann initially owning 53% of the joint venture, and Pearson PLC initially owning the remaining 47%. Since 18 December 2019, Penguin Random House has been wholly owned by Bertelsmann.

Penguin Books has its registered office in the City of Westminster, London.

Its British division is Penguin Books Ltd. Other separate divisions are located in the United States, Ireland, New Zealand, India, Australia, Canada, China, Brazil and South Africa.
Transient (civil engineering)
In civil engineering, a transient is a short-lived pressure wave. A common example is water hammer.

Transients are often misunderstood and not accounted for in the design of water distribution systems, thus contributing to hydraulic element failures, such as pipe breaks and pump/valve failures.

Vasoelastic transient flow involves sudden changes in flow properties in VE pipes, leading to potential damage

The transient in electrical circuits is different.

Hydraulic shock
Hydraulic shock (colloquial: water hammer; fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly: a momentum change. It is usually observed in a liquid but gases can also be affected. This phenomenon commonly occurs when a valve closes suddenly at an end of a pipeline system and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe.

This pressure wave can cause major problems, from noise and vibration to pipe rupture or collapse. It is possible to reduce the effects of the water hammer pulses with accumulators, expansion tanks, surge tanks, blowoff valves, and other features. The effects can be avoided by ensuring that no valves will close too quickly with significant flow, but there are many situations that can cause the effect.

Rough calculations can be made using the Zhukovsky (Joukowsky) equation, or more accurate ones using the method of characteristics.
Centro Habana
Centro Habana is one of the 15 municipalities in the city of Havana, Cuba. A chinatown, Barrio Chino, is also located here. It is a smaller municipality of Havana, and it has the highest population density.

Centro Habana is divided into five consejos populares (wards): Cayo Hueso, Colón, Dragones, Los Sitios and Pueblo Nuevo.

It is the part of the city located in the polygon bounded by the Malecón, the Paseo del Prado, Maximo Gómez, Arroyo and Infanta streets.

Cayo Hueso, Havana
Cayo Hueso is a consejo popular (ward) in the municipality of Centro Habana, Havana, Cuba. A traditionally working-class neighborhood populated by Afro-Cubans, it is known for its many cultural landmarks such as the Callejón de Hamel, the Fragua Martiana Museum and the Parque de los Mártires Universitarios.

Although Cayo Hueso today is considered part of Centro Havana, originally it formed part of Barrio San Lázaro, an area bounded by Calle Infanta to the west, Calle Zanja to the south, Calle Belascoáin to the east and the Gulf of Mexico to the north. Cayo Hueso was declared a barrio on 26 July 1912, and made part of Centro Habana upon its establishment in 1963.
Old Lochmaben Castle
Lochmaben Castle was a 12th-century castle on the spit of land between Loch Kirk and Loch Castle, in Lochmaben, Scotland.

The motte and bailey castle was built in the 12th century by the de Brus family, Lords of Annandale. The castle became the main seat of the de Brus family after Annan Castle was partially destroyed during a flood in the 12th century. The castle was captured in 1298 by King Edward I of England. King Edward began to make improvements to the castle, before deciding to build "New" Lochmaben Castle as a replacement in the 14th century, to the south-east.

Lochmaben Castle
Lochmaben Castle is a ruined castle in the town of Lochmaben, the feudal Lordship of Annandale, and the united county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was built by Edward I in the 14th century replacing an earlier motte and bailey castle, and later rebuilt during the reign of James IV of Scotland. The earlier motte-and-bailey castle was built south of the current castle in c. 1160 by the Bruce family, Lords of Annandale.
Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World (stylized as Ethnoloɠue) is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL Global, an American evangelical Christian non-profit organization.

Modern language
A modern language (also known as a living language) is any human language that is currently in use as a native language.

The term is used in language education to distinguish between languages which are used for day-to-day communication (such as French and German) and dead classical languages such as Latin and Classical Chinese, which are studied for their cultural and linguistic value. For example, the Modern Language Association tracks student enrollments in Ancient Greek versus Modern Greek, or Biblical Hebrew versus Modern Hebrew, separately.

SIL Ethnologue defines a living language as "one that has at least one speaker for whom it is their first language" (see also Language § Linguistic diversity).
Joseph H. Burchenal
Joseph Holland Burchenal (December 21, 1912 – March 8, 2006) was an American oncologist, and a winner of the 1972 Albert Lasker Award for Medical Research for his work on developing a chemotherapy for Burkitt's lymphoma.  His research with George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion led to the creation of the leukemia treatment mercaptopurine.  He worked at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and was a member of the presidential panel that initiated the U.S. federal government's war on cancer.  Burchenal died in Hanover, New Hampshire on March 8, 2006.  He was 93 years old.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) is a cancer treatment and research institution in Manhattan in New York City. MSKCC is one of 72 National Cancer Institute–designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. Its main campus is located at 1275 York Avenue between 67th and 68th Streets in Manhattan.

It was formed in 1980 from the merger of the Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases, founded in 1884, and the adjacent Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, founded in 1945. The two medical entities had formally coordinated their operations since 1960.
Tamaulipas pygmy owl
The Tamaulipas pygmy owl (Glaucidium sanchezi) is a species of owl in the family Strigidae.
It is endemic to Mexico. This is one of the smallest owls in the world, with a mean length of 13.5 cm (5.3 in). However, at 53 g (1.9 oz), it is slightly heavier than the long-whiskered owlet and the elf owl. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Elf owl
The elf owl (Micrathene whitneyi) is a small grayish-brown owl about the size of a sparrow found in the Southwestern United States, central Mexico, and the Baja California peninsula. It has pale yellow eyes highlighted by thin white "eyebrows" and a gray bill with a horn-colored tip. The elf owl frequently inhabits woodpecker holes in saguaro cacti; it also nests in natural tree cavities. It is nocturnal and feeds primarily on insects.
HMS Gambia
HMS Gambia (pennant number 48, later C48) was a Fiji-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was in the service of the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) as HMNZS Gambia from 1943 to 1946. She was named after the then Crown colony of The Gambia, and has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name.

Fiji-class cruiser
The Fiji-class cruisers were a class of eleven light cruisers of the Royal Navy that saw extensive service throughout the Second World War. Each ship of the class was named after a Crown colony or other constituent territory of the British Empire.  The class was also known as the Colony class, or Crown Colony class. Developed as more compact versions of the preceding Town-class cruisers, the last three were built to a slightly modified design and were sometimes also called the Ceylon class.
Jules Comby
Jules Comby (French pronunciation: [ʒyl kɔ̃bi]; 28 April 1853, in Arnac-Pompadour – 18 March 1947) was a French pediatrician.

The eponymous "Comby's sign" is named after him, which is an early indication of measles characterized by thin whitish patches on the gums and buccal mucous membrane.

Arnac-Pompadour
Arnac-Pompadour (French pronunciation: [aʁnak pɔ̃paduʁ]; Occitan: Arnac e Pompador) is a commune in the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of central France.

In Nouvelle-Aquitaine and on directional signs, the commune is usually simply called Pompadour, although the actual village of Pompadour is shared between Arnac-Pompadour and Saint-Sornin-Lavolps.

The name of Pompadour is well known due to the favourite of Louis XV, Madame de Pompadour (Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson), to whom the king gave the chateau of Pompadour and the associated title of Marquise.

The town is famous for its chateau and its stud farm, the Pompadour National Anglo-Arab Stud, headquarters of the French National Stud and France's principal production centre of Anglo-Arabian horses (although the racecourse is actually outside the commune).
Happys Inn, Montana
Happys Inn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. The population was 164 at the 2010 census.

Happys Inn has a bar that carries its namesake. The census area extends for 12 miles (19 km) down the length of the chain of lakes area of Lincoln County. The community is along U.S. Route 2, 40 miles (64 km) southeast of Libby, the Lincoln county seat, and 49 miles (79 km) west of Kalispell.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 12.4 square miles (32.2 km2), of which 9.8 square miles (25.4 km2) are land and 2.6 square miles (6.8 km2), or 21.22%, are water.

Lincoln County, Montana
Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,677. Its county seat is Libby. The county was founded in 1909 and named for President Abraham Lincoln. The county lies on Montana's north border and thus shares the US-Canadian border with the Canadian province of British Columbia.

This heavily wooded and mountainous county once was part of Flathead County until residents of Libby and Eureka petitioned the state legislature for separation. Libby won an election over Eureka to host the county seat.
Quikkit Glass Goose
The Quikkit Glass Goose is an American two-seat biplane amphibious aircraft, designed by Tom Scott and marketed for homebuilding by Quikkit of Dallas, Texas.

The Glass Goose is based on the earlier Sea Hawker, which was designed by Garry LeGare in 1982 and sold through his firm Aero Gare as the Sea Hawk and, later, Sea Hawker. LeGare sold the rights to the aircraft to Aero Composites in 1986, which sold them again two years later to (unrelated) Aero Composite Technologies.

Quikkit
Quikkit was a manufacturer of kitplanes located in Dallas, Texas. The firm was founded in 1992 by Tom Scott to market the Glass Goose amphibious aircraft, a substantially revised version of the Aero Composites Sea Hawker design that Scott purchased the rights to after the previous manufacturer ceased business.
Ronan Lynch
Ronan Lynch (born 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays as a left corner-forward for the Limerick senior team.

Born in Limerick, Lynch first played competitive hurling during his schooling at Ardscoil Rís. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of fifteen when he first linked up with the Limerick minor team before later joining the under-21 side. He joined the senior team during the 2015 championship.

At club level Lynch plays with Na Piarsaigh.

Na Piarsaigh GAA (Limerick)
Na Piarsaigh (Irish pronunciation: [n̪ˠə ˈpʲiəɾˠsˠiː], na PEER-see) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club situated on the north side of Limerick City, Ireland. It was founded in 1968.  Following their 2-8 to 2-6 victory in the 2022 Limerick Intermediate Football Championship over Dromcollogher Broadford, Na Piarsaigh are one of four dual senior clubs in hurling and Gaelic football in Limerick. As of 2024, the club fields five adult teams three in hurling (senior, Intermediate & Junior) and two in football (Senior & Junior), the most of any club in Limerick.
Market Street Historic District (Palmyra, New York)
Market Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Palmyra in Wayne County, New York.  The district consists of a set of commercial and residential structures built between the 1830s and 1880s.  Some of the commercial buildings have cast iron storefronts.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.  In 2009, it was included in the Palmyra Village Historic District.

Palmyra (village), New York
Palmyra (/ˌpælˈmaɪrə/) is a village in Wayne County, New York, United States. The population was 3,536 at the 2010 census. The village, along with the town, is named after Palmyra in present-day Syria.

The village is in the Town of Palmyra. The village is east of Rochester.
Playhouse Theatre
The Playhouse Theatre is a West End theatre in the City of Westminster, in Northumberland Avenue, near Trafalgar Square, central London. The theatre was built by F. H. Fowler and Hill with a seating capacity of 1,200. It was rebuilt in 1907 and retains its original substage machinery. As of November 2021, the theatre has been refurbished and advertised as the Kit Kat Club while it is hosting a revival of the musical Cabaret.

My Name Is Rachel Corrie
My Name Is Rachel Corrie is a play based on the diaries and emails of activist Rachel Corrie, who was killed by an Israeli soldier when she was aged 23. It was jointly edited by journalist Katharine Viner and actor Alan Rickman, who also directed it.

Rachel Corrie (10 April 1979 – 16 March 2003) was an American Evergreen State College student and member of the International Solidarity Movement (ISM) who travelled to the Gaza Strip during the Second Intifada. She was killed in the Gaza Strip by a Caterpillar D9R armoured bulldozer operated by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) while protecting the family home of local pharmacist Samir Nasrallah from demolition by the IDF.
Piracy (comics)
Piracy is an EC Comics title published in the mid 1950s. The bi-monthly comic book, published by Bill Gaines and edited by Al Feldstein, began with an issue cover-dated October–November 1954. It ran for seven issues, ending with the October–November 1955 issue.

Front covers were by Wally Wood, Reed Crandall, Bernard Krigstein and George Evans. The stories of adventure on the high seas were illustrated by Wood, Crandall, Krigstein, Jack Davis, Al Williamson, Graham Ingels and Angelo Torres.

Piracy was reprinted (in black and white) as part of publisher Russ Cochran's The Complete EC Library.  Between March and September 1998, Cochran (in association with Gemstone Publishing) reprinted all seven individual issues.  This complete run was later rebound, with covers included, in a pair of softcover EC Annuals. Dark Horse reprinted Piracy as part of the EC Archives series in 2019.

Graham Ingels
Graham John Ingels (/ˈɪŋɡəlz/; June 7, 1915 – April 4, 1991) was a comic book and magazine illustrator best known for his work in EC Comics during the 1950s, notably on The Haunt of Fear and Tales from the Crypt, horror titles written and edited by Al Feldstein, and The Vault of Horror, written and edited by Feldstein and Johnny Craig. Ingels' flair for horror led EC to promote him as Ghastly Graham Ingels, and he began signing his work "Ghastly" in 1952.
Bidhannagar subdivision
Bidhannagar subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. After transferring Rajarhat-Gopalpur Municipality and Rajarhat (Community development block) to Bidhannagar subdivision, Bidhannagar subdivision's total area becomes 141.37 km2 (54.58 sq mi), the population becomes 808,251 (2011 Census), and density becomes 5,700/km2 (15,000/sq mi).

North 24 Parganas district
North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east.  Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.