hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Merì
Merì is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Messina.

Merì borders the following municipalities: Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto, Milazzo, San Filippo del Mela, Santa Lucia del Mela.

Metropolitan City of Messina
The Metropolitan City of Messina (Italian: città metropolitana di Messina) is a metropolitan city in Sicily, Italy. Its capital is the city of Messina. It replaced the province of Messina and comprises Messina and 107 other comuni (sg.: comune).

It has 595,948 inhabitants as of 2025. According to Eurostat in 2014, the FUA of the metropolitan area of Messina had 277,584 inhabitants. The nearby archipelago of Aeolian Islands is also administratively a part of the Metropolitan City of Messina.
Barratt (confectionery)
Barratt is a confectionery brand in the United Kingdom, known for products including DipDab, Refreshers, Sherbet Fountain, Fruit Salad, Black Jack and Wham.

Barratt & Co. was established in London in 1848 by George Osborne Barratt. By 1906 it was the largest confectionery manufacturer in the world.

It became a limited company in 1909, and was acquired by Bassett's in 1966, then by Cadbury Schweppes in 1989 and by Tangerine Confectionery (since renamed Valeo Confectionery) in 2008.

George Osborne Barratt
George Osborne Barratt (1827–1906) was a confectioner who, at age 21, set up what was to become Barratt & Co., Ltd., using premises at 32 Shepherdess Walk, Hoxton. Several of his siblings and children became involved in the business, aiding its growth and development. By the time of Barratt's death the firm had become the largest confectionery manufacturer in the world. The company was taken over by Bassett's in 1966, then by Cadbury Schweppes in 1989 and, since 2008, has been part of the Tangerine Confectionery portfolio. The Barratt brand name was brought back in 2018.
Djamila Bouazza
Djamila Bouazza (Arabic: جميلة بوعزة; 1938 – 12 June 2015), also spelled Jamila Bouaza, was an Algerian militant who supported Algerian nationalism, opposing French colonial rule. She is remembered for planting a bomb in April 1957 on the terrace of the Coq Hardi café in Algiers, killing four people and injuring many more. She was initially sentenced to death by a French military court but was finally released in 1962 under the Évian Accords.

Algerian nationalism
Algerian nationalism is pride in the Algerian identity and culture. It has been historically influenced by the conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and European countries, the French conquest of Algeria and the subsequent French colonial rule in Algeria, the Algerian War, and since independence by Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, pan-Arabism, and Islamism.
Edwin G. Burrows
Edwin Gwynne "Ted" Burrows (May 15, 1943 – May 4, 2018) was a Distinguished Professor of History at Brooklyn College.  He is the co-author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (1998), and author of Forgotten Patriots: The Untold Story of American Prisoners During the Revolutionary War, (2008), which won the 2009 Fraunces Tavern Museum Book Award.

Burrows received his BA from the University of Michigan in 1964, and his PhD from Columbia University in 1973, where he studied under Eric McKitrick.  The same year, he began teaching at Brooklyn College, where his course on the History of New York City was one of the college's most popular offerings.  He married M. Patricia Adamski in 1978 and they resided in Northport, New York on Long Island. Burrows died at the age of 74 in May 2018.

Northport, New York
Northport is a village in the Town of Huntington in Suffolk County, on the North Shore of Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 7,347 at the time of the 2020 census.

Initially designated Great Cow Harbour by 17th-century English colonists, the area was officially renamed Northport in 1837. In 1894, in an effort to localize governance, the community was incorporated as a village.

The Incorporated Village of Northport is known for its Victorian-era village center, still bearing trolley rails from a long-discontinued streetcar line which transported village residents to the Long Island Rail Road station in East Northport. The village Main Street runs from the Village Green along the harborfront to the former hamlet of Vernon Valley, which has since been subsumed by the neighboring community of East Northport.
Seth Grahame-Smith
Seth Grahame-Smith (born Seth Jared Greenberg; January 4, 1976) is an American writer and film producer, best known as the author of The New York Times best-selling novels Pride and Prejudice and Zombies and Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter, both of which have been adapted as feature films. Grahame-Smith is also the co-creator, head writer and executive producer of The Hard Times of RJ Berger, a scripted television comedy appearing on MTV. In collaboration with David Katzenberg, his partner in Katzsmith Productions, Grahame-Smith is currently developing a number of projects for television and film.

Emerson College
Emerson College is a private college in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1880 by Charles Wesley Emerson as a school of oratory. The school offers more than 30 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, as well as professional training, primarily focused on the arts and communication, grounded in a liberal arts framework. Emerson is a founding member of the ProArts Consortium, a collaborative association of six neighboring Boston-based institutions dedicated to collegiate-level arts education.

Originally based in Boston's Pemberton Square, the college moved neighborhoods several times and is now located in the Theater District along the south side of the Boston Common. It maintains campuses in Los Angeles and in the Netherlands. Emerson is also notable for the college's namesake public opinion poll, Emerson College Polling.
Ivan Sen
Ivan Sen (born 1972) is an Indigenous Australian filmmaker. He is a director, screenwriter and cinematographer, as well as an editor, composer, and sound designer. He is co-founder and director of Bunya Productions, and known for the 2013 film Mystery Road, its sequel Goldstone (2016), and the 2023 mystery-crime film Limbo.

Aaron Pedersen
Aaron Pedersen (born 24 November 1970) is an Aboriginal Australian television and film actor. He is known for many film and television roles, in particular as Detective Jay Swan in the film Mystery Road (2013), its sequel Goldstone (2016), and spin-off television series (2018–2020). He has been nominated for many and won several acting awards, including the 2021 AACTA Award for International Award for Best Actor in a Series.
James M. Thomson (newspaper publisher)
James McIlhany Thomson (February 13, 1878 – September 25, 1959) was an American newspaper publisher, best known for his long tenure as head of the New Orleans Item newspaper and his political role within the Democratic Party.

New Orleans Item-Tribune
The New Orleans Item-Tribune, sometimes rendered in press accounts as the New Orleans Item and Tribune, was an American newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, in various forms from 1871 to 1958.
Sigma model
In physics, a sigma model is a field theory that describes the field as a point particle confined to move on a fixed manifold. This manifold can be taken to be any Riemannian manifold, although it is most commonly taken to be either a Lie group or a symmetric space. The model may or may not be quantized. An example of the non-quantized version is the Skyrme model; it cannot be quantized due to non-linearities of power greater than 4. In general, sigma models admit (classical) topological soliton solutions, for example, the skyrmion for the Skyrme model.  When the sigma field is coupled to a gauge field, the resulting model is described by Ginzburg–Landau theory.  This article is primarily devoted to the classical field theory of the sigma model; the corresponding quantized theory is presented in the article titled "non-linear sigma model".

Solder form
In mathematics, more precisely in differential geometry, a soldering (or sometimes solder form) of a fiber bundle to a smooth manifold is a manner of attaching the fibers to the manifold in such a way that they can be regarded as tangent.  Intuitively, soldering expresses in abstract terms the idea that a manifold may have a point of contact with a certain model Klein geometry at each point.  In extrinsic differential geometry, the soldering is simply expressed by the tangency of the model space to the manifold.  In intrinsic geometry, other techniques are needed to express it.  Soldering was introduced in this general form by Charles Ehresmann in 1950.
Urethral foreign body
Doctors have documented numerous cases of insertion of foreign bodies into the urethra, typically as the result of auto-erotic activities. This can result in infections and serious internal bleeding.

A wide variety of solid objects have been reported to have been inserted into the urethra, including batteries, safety pins, straws, and telephone wires. Liquefied objects have also been inserted into the urethra, such as an injection of cocaine (which, arguably, had harmful results).

The Chuck Palahniuk story "Guts", from the novel Haunted, includes the story of a boy in his early teens inserting candle wax into his urethra.

Urethra
The urethra (pl.: urethras or urethrae) is the tube that transports urine from the bladder to the urethral meatus of the penis or vulva in placental mammals, and in males also transports semen during ejaculation.

The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. The internal sphincter, formed by the involuntary smooth muscles lining the bladder neck and urethra, is innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and is found both in males and females.
Cecil Duckworth
Cecil Duckworth CBE (1937 – 15 November 2020) was an English businessman and the founder of Worcester Bosch and executive chairman of Rugby Union team Worcester Warriors. He also founded the Worcestershire Duckworth Trust, a Worcestershire charity that helps to relieve poverty and promote environmental conservation.

Worcester Warriors
Worcester Warriors is a professional rugby union club based in Worcester, England. The side most recently played in Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union, before being suspended by the RFU in September 2022 due to financial insolvency. Following a period of administration, the club was reformed as a new entity and will play in Champ Rugby from the 2025–26 season.
Wang Xiaomo
Wang Xiaomo (simplified Chinese: 王小谟; traditional Chinese: 王小謨; pinyin: Wāng Xiǎomó; 11 November 1938 – 6 March 2023) was a Chinese radar engineer who has been hailed as the "Father of Airborne Warning and Control System in China". Wang had been engaged in the research and design of radar systems for 50 years.

Wang was a delegate to the 9th and 10th National People's Congress.

Highest Science and Technology Award
The Highest Science and Technology Award (Chinese: 国家最高科学技术奖) also known as the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, State Supreme Science and Technology Award, or China's Nobel Prize is the highest scientific award issued by the President of the PRC to scientists working in China. The award, given annually each January since 2000, is one of the five State Science and Technology Prizes established by the State Council of the People's Republic of China.

The award comes with a prize of 8 million RMB (about 1.16 million USD), with 10% of this awarded, as a bonus to the scientist and the remainder awarded to support the scientist's research.
Ghost in the Shell: SAC 2045
Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045 (Japanese: 攻殻機動隊 SAC_2045, Hepburn: Kōkaku Kidōtai SAC_2045) is a Japanese original net animation (ONA) series based on the 1989–91 manga series Ghost in the Shell by Masamune Shirow, set in the Stand Alone Complex sub-continuity.

The first season premiered exclusively on Netflix worldwide on April 23, 2020, with a second season being released on May 23, 2022. Both seasons received generally negative reviews, with critics considering the series inferior to previous Ghost in the Shell media due to multiple factors. Despite these negative reviews, two compilation movies of the series were released in 2021 and 2023.

Masamune Shirow
Masanori Ota (太田正典, Ōta Masanori; born November 23, 1961), better known by his pen name Masamune Shirow (士郎 正宗, Shirō Masamune), is a Japanese manga artist. Shirow is best known for the manga Ghost in the Shell, which has since been turned into three theatrical anime films, two anime television series, an anime television film, an anime ONA series, a theatrical live action film, and several video games, as well as being a key figure in the development of cyberpunk aesthetics and themes in Japan during the 1980s and 1990s.
Merhav Am
Merhav Am (Hebrew: מֶרְחַב עַם, lit. 'Nation's Expanse') is a religious community settlement in southern Israel. Located in the Negev desert between Yeruham and the kibbutz of Sde Boker, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ramat HaNegev Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 641.

Ramat HaNegev Regional Council
Ramat HaNegev Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית רמת הנגב, lit. 'Negev Heights Regional Council') is a regional council in the Negev desert in Israel. With around 8,000 residents spread across 20 villages, the council is geographically the largest in Israel, covering more than 20% of Israel's landmass. The council's headquarters are located on Highway 40 between Mashabei Sadeh and Tlalim.
Niwada
Niwada is a small village near the Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary in the district of Jhajjar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is surrounded by the villages of Dhakla, Kasni, Kanwah, Redhuwas and Kohndrawali. The population is primarily composed of the Jat community with the title "Mor" (Gautra). Decisions in the village are made by the Panchayat Officer, called Sarpanch, on the advice of the Panchayat of the village.

Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary Ramsar site is located in Jhajjar district, which is about 15 km from Jhajjar in Haryana. On 3 June 2009, it is also declared as bird sanctuary by the Indian Government.

This is an important part of ecological corridor along the route of Sahibi River which traverses from Aravalli hills in Rajasthan to Yamuna via Masani barrage, Matanhail forest, Chhuchhakwas-Godhari, Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibii river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of Dohan river which is a tributary of Sahibi river), Sarbashirpur, Sultanpur National Park, Basai Wetland and The Lost Lake of Gurugram. It lies 5 km northwest of Bhindawas Bird Sanctuary and 46 km northwest of Sultanpur National Park via road.
Adrian Bryan-Brown
Adrian Bryan-Brown (born 1956) is a press agent and theatrical promoter based in Manhattan, New York City, United States. He has been involved with Broadway theatre and was called "one of the top press agents on Broadway" by the Association of Theatrical Press Agents & Managers.

Association of Theatrical Press Agents & Managers
The Association of Theatrical Press Agents & Managers (ATPAM) is an American union organization for press agents and managers in the theatrical profession.

ATPAM received a charter from the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1928. They have been part of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees since 1937.
Delias nigrina
Delias nigrina, the black Jezebel or common Jezebel (also used for Delias eucharis), is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found along the eastern seaboard of Australia, from Queensland, through New South Wales to Victoria.

The wingspan of both the male and the female is 56 mm.

The larvae feed on Amyema cambagei, Amyema congener, Amyema miquelii, Amyema quandang, Dendrophthoe curvata, Dendrophthoe glabrescens, Dendrophthoe vitellina, Muellerina celastroides and Muellerina eucalyptoides.

Muellerina celastroides
Muellerina celastroides, common names Banksia mistletoe and coast mistletoe, is a hemiparasitic aerial shrub in the family Loranthaceae. The species is endemic to New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland.
Deerhurst
Deerhurst is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) southwest of Tewkesbury. The village is on the east bank of the River Severn. The parish includes the village of Apperley and the hamlet of Deerhurst Walton. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 906, the majority of whom live in Apperley.

The place-name is derived from Old English and means "deer-wood". It was spelt Deorhyrst in AD 804, Dorhirst in about 1050 and Derherste in the Domesday Book in 1086.

Earl of Coventry
Earl of Coventry is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England. The first creation for the Villiers family was created in 1623 and took its name from the city of Coventry. It became extinct in 1687. A decade later, the second creation was for the Coventry family and is still extant.
Cheluva
Cheluva  is a 1997 Kannada comedy-drama film directed and enacted by V. Ravichandran in dual roles. The rest of the cast includes Meena, Gautami and Tiger Prabhakar among others. The film is a remake of Telugu film Hello Brother which itself was  loosely based on the Hong Kong action comedy Twin Dragons (1992) starring Jackie Chan.

The film featured an original score and soundtrack composed and written by Hamsalekha and was produced by S. Ramesh for Mahalakshmi Pictures banner.

S. Ramesh
S. Ramesh  was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka, from the Uttarahalli constituency as a member of the Indian National Congress. Ramesh was also a film producer and was former Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce President. He had also acted in the film 'Gokarna' produced by  Upendra. He had been a Minister in the Bangarappa government in 1990 and been a trade union leader. Ramesh started his career in the youth congress and was President of the Pradesh Youth Congress for a brief period. He unsuccessfully contested from Krishnaraja constituency of Mysore and M. K. Somashekar of Janata Dal (Secular) was victorious during 2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections.
Félicien Ntambue Kasembe
Félicien Ntambue Kasembe, CICM (born 8 September 1970) is a Congolese prelate of the Catholic Church and a member of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary who has been metropolitan archbishop of Kananga since May 2024. He was bishop of Kabinda from 2020 to 2024. Before he became a priest in 2001, he did missionary work in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Mongolia.

Archdiocese of Kananga
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kananga (Latin: Archidioecesis Kanangana) is the Metropolitan See for the ecclesiastical province of Kananga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The episcopal cathedral is the Cathédrale Saint Joseph Mikalayi in Kazumba. The Pro-cathédrale Saint Clément is in Kananga.
Amrita Vidyalayam
Amrita Vidyalayam is a chain of private CBSE schools run and managed by the Mata Amritanandamayi Math founded by Mata Amritanandamayi. There are more than 90 English medium, co-educational, Senior Secondary schools affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education throughout India out of which more than 30 are in Kerala. It is one of the leading schools with 100 per cent pass in All India Secondary School Examination and All India Senior School Certificate Examination in consecutive years. They emphasise on value-based education, sports, extra curricular activities and excellence in competitive exams. It provides coaching for NEET-UG, JEE Main, CUET, Olympiads and other competitive exams with the help of its online learning platform Amrita Edge.

Mata Amritanandamayi
Sri Mātā Amritānandamayī Devi (born Sudhamani Idamannel; 27 September 1953), often known as Amma ("Mother"), is an Indian Hindu spiritual leader, godwoman, guru and humanitarian. She is the chancellor of Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, a multi-campus research university.

In 2018, she was felicitated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi for making the largest contribution to the Government of India's Clean India Campaign Swachh Bharat Mission. She was the first recipient of Vishwaratna Puraskar (Gem of the World Award) by Hindu Parliament.
Joann Ariola
Joann Ariola-Shanks (born June 14, 1958) is a councilwoman of the New York City Council, representing District 32 which includes Glendale, Woodhaven, Ozone Park, Howard Beach, Broad Channel, and the western half of the Rockaway Peninsula.  She previously served as the chairwoman of the Queens Republican Party.

Howard Beach
Howard Beach is a neighborhood in the southwestern portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It is bordered to the north by the Belt Parkway and Conduit Avenue in Ozone Park, to the south by Jamaica Bay in Broad Channel, to the east by 102nd–104th Streets in South Ozone Park, and to the west by 75th Street in East New York, Brooklyn. The area consists mostly of low-rise single-family detached houses.

Howard Beach is located in Queens Community District 10 and its ZIP Code is 11414. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 106th Precinct. Politically, Howard Beach is represented by the New York City Council's 32nd District.
Tieffenbrucker
Tieffenbrucker is a large multigenerational family of luthiers, originally from Bavaria, active in Venice and Padua, Italy from the beginning of the 16th century till around 1630. Several of their 16th- and 17th-century lutes are on display at the Lobkowicz Palace in Prague and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Lobkowicz Palace
The Lobkowicz Palace (Czech: Lobkowický palác) is a part of the Prague Castle complex in Prague, Czech Republic. It is the only privately owned building in the Prague Castle complex and houses the Lobkowicz Collections and Museum.

The palace was built in the second half of the 16th century by the Czech nobleman Jaroslav of Pernštejn (1528–1569) and completed by his brother, Vratislav of Pernštejn (1530–1582), the chancellor of the Czech Kingdom. It was opened to the public for the first time on 2 April 2007 as the Lobkowicz Palace Museum. Set in 22 galleries, the museum displays a selection of pieces from the Lobkowicz Collections, including works by artists such as Antonio Canaletto, Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Lucas Cranach the Elder, and Diego Velázquez, as well as decorative art, military and hunting paraphernalia, musical instruments, and original manuscripts and early prints of composers including Beethoven and Mozart.
Le comiche 2
Le comiche 2 is a 1991 Italian comedy film directed by Neri Parenti.

It is the sequel to 1990 film Le comiche and the second installment in the Comiche trilogy. A sequel entitled Le nuove comiche was released in 1994.

Neri Parenti
Neri Parenti (born 26 April 1950) is an Italian film director and writer. He is known for comedy films, including the series starring Paolo Villaggio playing the character Ugo Fantozzi, and a later series of cinepanettoni—zany comedy films scheduled for release during the Christmas period.