hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norton, Virginia
Norton is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, located in the far western tip of the state and surrounded by Wise County, Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,687, making it the least populous city in Virginia. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Norton with surrounding Wise County for statistical purposes.

Independent city (United States)
In the United States, an independent city is a city that is not in the territory of any county or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as "county equivalents" and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name.

Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in Virginia, whose state constitution makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Baltimore is the most populous independent city in the United States.
Petit Champlain
Petit Champlain (French pronunciation: [pəti ʃɑ̃plɛ̃]) is a small commercial zone in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It is located in the neighbourhood of Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire in the borough of La Cité-Limoilou, near Place Royale and its Notre-Dame-des-Victoires Church. Its main street is the Rue du Petit-Champlain at the foot of Cap Diamant. It is claimed that it's the oldest commercial district in North America.

In French it is referred to as a quartier (neighbourhood) although it is not an official one recognised by the City. It is named after Samuel de Champlain, who founded Quebec City in 1608.

La Cité-Limoilou
La Cité-Limoilou (French pronunciation: [la site limwalu]) is the central borough of Quebec City, the oldest (in terms of architecture), and the most populous, comprising 19.73% of the city's total population.  As an administrative division, it is very new, having only been formed on November 1, 2009, from the former boroughs of La Cité and Limoilou.
Book of Angels (Machel Montano album)
The Book of Angels is an album released by popular Soca artist Machel Montano from Trinidad and Tobago in 2007. The album marked Machel Montano's 25th year in the Music industry and was his first album under a Machel Montano HD re–branding. The album was launched at Trinidad's Club Zen on 27 February 2007 and reportedly sold out within days of its release. The album was relaunched in New York City on 25 March 2007 for the North American market.

The song Jumbie on the album won Trinidad's 2007 Road March Competition for Trinidad and Tobago Carnival.

The album features several solo tracks as well as collaborations with several popular artists: Jamaicans Sizzla & Vybz Kartel, American M.O.P., Trinidadians Patrice Roberts & Nadia Madoo and Japan's Minmi.

Machel Montano
Machel Montano (born 24 November 1974) is a Trinidadian singer, songwriter and record producer. He is widely regarded for globalising and pioneering the Soca music genre. Known for his high-energy, fast-paced, and often unpredictable performances, Montano is one of Trinidad and Tobago’s most popular musicians.
Taru Valjakka
Taru Aura Helena Valjakka (née Kumpunen; 16 September 1938, Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish soprano opera singer.

Before her opera career she worked as music teacher and a choir director in Helsinki. She made her opera debut in 1964 as Donna Anna in Mozart's Don Giovanni.

She had a central role in rise of the new Finnish opera in 1970s, singing lead roles in world premieres of The Horseman and The Red Line by Aulis Sallinen, The Last Temptations by Joonas Kokkonen and Silkkirumpu by Paavo Heininen.

Valjakka is also noted for lied recitals and her interpretations of songs by Jean Sibelius.

The Last Temptations
The Last Temptations (Finnish: Viimeiset kiusaukset) is an opera in two acts by Joonas Kokkonen to a libretto by Lauri Kokkonen.  Along with Leevi Madetoja's Pohjalaisia and Aarre Merikanto's Juha, it is considered one of the most important Finnish operas.  The opera deals with the life of the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century folk preacher Paavo Ruotsalainen. Kokkonen worked on the opera for 16 years before finishing the work. It was premiered in Helsinki by the Finnish National Opera in 1975.

The opera consists of two acts divided in 14 scenes. The combining element of the work is the hymn number 382 in the current Finnish hymnal of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, My Lord, my God in all distress (Finnish: Sinuhun turvaan Jumala) (382) which is a reoccurring theme throughout the opera. A chorus containing the whole hymn concludes the opera.
Strange Brew
Strange Brew (also known as The Adventures of Bob & Doug McKenzie: Strange Brew) is a 1983 comedy film starring the popular SCTV characters Bob and Doug McKenzie, portrayed by Dave Thomas and Rick Moranis, who also served as co-directors. Co-stars include Max von Sydow, Paul Dooley, Lynne Griffin, Brian McConnachie and Angus MacInnes. Famed Warner Bros. cartoon voice artist (also the vocal effects for MGM's Tom and Jerry) Mel Blanc performs off-screen as the McKenzie brothers' cantankerous father.

Loosely based on elements of Shakespeare's Hamlet, this Canadian and American co-production was shot in Toronto and Scarborough, and in Prince George, British Columbia. The film received mixed reviews from the critics upon release, but was modestly successful commercially, and has developed a cult following. In 2023, The Globe and Mail named the film as one of the best Canadian comedy films ever made.

Paul Dooley
Paul Dooley (born Paul Brown; February 22, 1928) is an American character actor. He is known for his roles in Breaking Away, Popeye, Strange Brew, Sixteen Candles and various Christopher Guest mockumentaries. He co-created the PBS children's show The Electric Company.
Crossbar (film)
Crossbar is a Canadian television film, which aired on CBC Television in 1979. A fictionalized account of the career of Canadian amputee athlete Arnie Boldt, the film starred Brent Carver as Aaron Kornylo, a former Olympic medalist struggling to return to athletics after losing his leg in a farming accident. Carver is not an amputee; Boldt himself was a stand-in for the film's athletic scenes and others where it was necessary for the character's amputation to be visible.

The film was not, however, a literal adaptation of Boldt's life; while it depicted Aaron Kornylo as a past Olympic athlete struggling to return to sport after an adult injury, in reality Boldt lost his leg in childhood and had only ever competed at the Paralympic Games.

The cast also included Kim Cattrall, Murray Westgate, Sara Botsford, Sean Sullivan, John Ireland and Kate Reid.

Carver was nominated for the Earle Grey Award for best actor in a television film at the 9th ACTRA Awards in 1980.

Sara Botsford
Sara Botsford (born August 4, 1951) is a Canadian television and film actress. She starred in the CTV drama series E.N.G. (1989–1994) for which received Canadian Screen Award for Best Actress in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role.
Penang Skills Development Centre
The Penang Skills Development Centre (abbrev. PSDC) is a nonprofit skills training institute in the Malaysian state of Penang. It was created in 1989 through a public–private partnership involving the Penang state government, the private sector and Universiti Sains Malaysia. PSDC functions as an industry-led organisation focused on human resource development, catering to both the manufacturing and services sectors in Penang. The institute offers training programs designed by the private sector to align with the human resource needs of the state.

InvestPenang
InvestPenang is the principal investment promotion agency in the Malaysian state of Penang. Incorporated in 2004 as a subsidiary of the state-owned Penang Development Corporation (PDC), InvestPenang is tasked with supporting businesses in the state through the promotion of inbound investments. It is currently owned by Penang's State Secretary Incorporated (SSI), an investment arm of the Penang state government.
Pol Monen
Pol Montañés Enrich (born 22 July 1994), better known as Pol Monen, is a Spanish actor who rose to fame for his role as Carlos in Amar, a film for which he was nominated for Best New Actor at the Goya Awards, as well as the film Who Would You Take to a Deserted Island?. In 2022 he stars in the Netflix Original series The Girl in the Mirror, as Bruno.

The Girl in the Mirror
The Girl in the Mirror (Spanish: Alma) is a Spanish supernatural thriller television series created by Sergio G. Sánchez for Netflix that premiered on 19 August 2022. The cast, led by Mireia Oriol, also features Álex Villazán, Pol Monen, Claudia Roset, Javier Morgade, Nil Cardoner, María Caballero, Milena Smit and Elena Irureta, among others.
Maibang
Maibang (IPA: mai-bang [mai means rice and bang means much], defining a land of prosperity) is a town and a town area committee in Dima Hasao district in the Indian state of Assam. Maibang is also one of the three sub-divisions of Dima Hasao District. It was once the capital of the Dimasa Kachari Kingdom. There is a stone house of Dimasa king.

Dimasa language
The Dimasa language is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Dimasa people of the Northeastern Indian states of Assam and Nagaland. The Dimasa language is known to Dimasas as "Grao-Dima" and it is similar to  Boro, Kokborok and Garo languages. The Dimasa language is one of the oldest languages spoken in North East India, particularly in Assam, Nagaland.
H-cobordism
In geometric topology and differential topology, an (n + 1)-dimensional cobordism W between n-dimensional manifolds M and N is an h-cobordism (the h stands for homotopy equivalence) if the inclusion maps

are homotopy equivalences.

The h-cobordism theorem gives sufficient conditions for an h-cobordism to be trivial, i.e., to be C-isomorphic to the cylinder M × [0, 1]. Here C refers to any of the categories of smooth, piecewise linear, or topological manifolds.

The theorem was first proved by Stephen Smale for which he received the Fields Medal and is a fundamental result in the theory of high-dimensional manifolds. For a start, it almost immediately proves the generalized Poincaré conjecture.

Whitney embedding theorem
In mathematics, particularly in differential topology, there are two Whitney embedding theorems, named after Hassler Whitney:

The strong Whitney embedding theorem states that any smooth real m-dimensional manifold (required also to be Hausdorff and second-countable) can be smoothly embedded in the real 2m-space, ⁠⁠ if m > 0. This is the best linear bound on the smallest-dimensional Euclidean space that all m-dimensional manifolds embed in, as the real projective spaces of dimension m cannot be embedded into real (2m − 1)-space if m is a power of two (as can be seen from a characteristic class argument, also due to Whitney).

The weak Whitney embedding theorem states that any continuous function from an n-dimensional manifold to an m-dimensional manifold may be approximated by a smooth embedding provided m > 2n.  Whitney similarly proved that such a map could be approximated by an immersion provided m > 2n − 1. This last result is sometimes called the Whitney immersion theorem.
2016 Dutch Basketball Supercup
The 2016 Dutch Basketball Supercup was the 6th edition of the Dutch Basketball Supercup. The game was played between Shooters Den Bosch, the winner of the 2015–16 Dutch Basketball League, and Donar, the winner of the 2015–16 NBB Cup.

Donar (basketball)
Donar, also known as Donar Groningen, is a professional basketball club based in Groningen, Netherlands. The club competes in the BNXT League and its home arena is MartiniPlaza, which has a seating capacity of 4,350 people.

Founded in 1951, Donar is one of the traditional first division clubs along with Den Bosch, as it entered the league 56 years ago. The club won the Dutch national championship seven times, seven Dutch Cups and three Dutch Supercups. They have also been a regular in European competition, with their best result reaching the FIBA Europe Cup semi-finals in 2018.

The club has the most basketball fans in the Netherlands, with approximately 1,700 season ticket holders and sells the MartiniPlaza out on a regular basis in the playoffs. The MartiniPlaza is also the largest in-use basketball arena in the country. The traditional club colours of Donar are blue and white.
IONIS School of Technology and Management
IONIS School of Technology and Management (IONIS STM) is a French private graduate school, part of the  IONIS Education Group. The school offers instruction in  information technology, computer science, energy, biotechnology and management.
It was established in 2009 in Paris.

The school offers a Master of Business Administration recognized by French government and teaches both technical and management aspects.

A special feature of the school is to admit students who are holders of a Bachelor, a Master or a Ph.D.

IONIS Education Group
IONIS Education Group is a private, for-profit, higher education group in France. It was created in 1980 and by 2023 had more than 35,000 students and 100,000 alumni. There are 29 further education colleges in the group.
Black Knight
A black knight is a literary stock character who masks his identity by not displaying heraldry. Black knights are usually portrayed as villains who use this anonymity for misdeeds. The character appears in Arthurian legend and has been adapted and adopted by various authors, in cinema and popular culture. The character is sometimes associated with death or darkness. They are often contrasted with the knight-errant (white knight).

In business, the term refers to a predatory person or firm making an unwelcome bid to take over another company.

The Black Knight or Black Knights are characters in:

Black-and-white dualism
The contrast of white and black (light and darkness, day and night) has a long tradition of metaphorical usage, traceable to the Ancient Near East, and explicitly in the Pythagorean Table of Opposites.
In Western culture as well as in Confucianism, the contrast symbolizes the moral dichotomy of good and evil.
Koplik's spots
Koplik's spots (also Koplik's sign) are a prodromic viral enanthem of measles manifesting two to three days before the measles rash itself. They are characterized as clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa (opposite the upper 1st & 2nd molars) and are pathognomonic for measles. The textbook description of Koplik spots is ulcerated mucosal lesions marked by necrosis, neutrophilic exudate, and neovascularization. They are described as appearing like "grains of salt on a reddish background", and often fade as the maculopapular rash develops. As well as their diagnostic significance, they are important in the control of outbreaks. Their appearance, in context of a diagnosed case, before they reach maximum infectivity, permits isolation of the contacts and greatly aids control of this highly infectious disease.

Nobel laureate John F. Enders and Thomas Peebles, who first isolated the measles virus, were careful to collect their samples from patients showing Koplik's spots.

Enanthem
Enanthem or enanthema is a rash (small spots) on the mucous membranes. It is characteristic of patients with viral infections causing hand foot and mouth disease, measles, and sometimes chicken pox, or COVID-19. In addition, bacterial infections such as scarlet fever may also be a cause of enanthema. The aforementioned diseases usually present with exanthema and enanthema.

Enanthema can also indicate hypersensitivity.
Tony Nash (bobsledder)
Antony James Dillon Nash MBE (18 March 1936 – 17 March 2022) was a British bobsledder, born in Amersham, who competed in the 1960s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he won the gold in the two-man event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

Nash also won three medals in the two-man event at the FIBT World Championships with one gold (1965) and two bronzes (1963, 1966).

Nash and his brakeman, Robin Dixon, were inducted into the British Bobsleigh Hall of Fame as a result of their success. A curve at the St. Moritz-Celerina Olympic Bobrun is named for both Nash and Dixon.

He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1969 New Year Honours for services to Winter Sports.

Nash died on 17 March 2022, at the age of 85.

1969 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1969 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 20 December 1968 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1969. At this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
Definition of man
Definition of Man, also known as the Definition of Human, originated from a summary essay of Kenneth Burke (1897–1993) which he included in his 1966 work, Language as Symbolic Action. Burke's work in communication has spanned many fields and focuses primarily on rhetoric. He is also known for his theory of Dramatism, wherein he characterizes life to not just reflect or be like a drama but rather that life is drama.

Kenneth Burke
Kenneth Duva Burke (May 5, 1897 – November 19, 1993) was an American literary theorist, poet, essayist, and novelist, who wrote on 20th-century philosophy, aesthetics, criticism, and rhetorical theory. As a literary theorist, Burke was best known for his analyses based on the nature of knowledge. He was one of the first theorists to stray from more traditional rhetoric and view literature as "symbolic action."

Burke was unorthodox, concerning himself not only with literary texts but also with the elements of the text that interacted with the audience: social, historical, political background, author biography, etc.

For his career, Burke has been praised by The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism as "one of the most unorthodox, challenging, theoretically sophisticated American-born literary critics of the twentieth century." His work continues to be discussed by rhetoricians and philosophers.
National Stuttering Association
The National Stuttering Association (NSA) is a United States support group organization for people who stutter. Its headquarters are in New York City.

The NSA was founded by Bob Goldman and Michael Sugarman as the National Stuttering Project in California in 1977. Currently the NSA functions through a network of more than 100 local adult, teen, and children's chapters nationwide.

The NSA sponsors regional workshops, youth and family events, education seminars for speech-language pathologists, and an Annual Conference, which hosts an average of 900 attendees. The NSA also publishes educational resources, such as pamphlets and booklets about stuttering, as well as a quarterly newsletter: Letting Go.

In November 2002, the Association received the Distinguished Service Award from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

The NSA played a key role in establishing the National Stuttering Awareness Week in 1988.

National Stuttering Awareness Week
The National Stuttering Awareness Week is an observance in the United States for people who stutter. It was established in 1988, by a President's proclamation as the second week in May in response to the advocacy of the members of the National Stuttering Association.
USS Stump
USS Stump (DD-978) was a Spruance-class destroyer built by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Industries at Pascagoula, Mississippi. The USS Stump was decommissioned and stricken on 22 October 2004.

Ingalls Shipbuilding
Ingalls Shipbuilding is a shipyard located in Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States, originally established in 1938, and now part of HII. It is a producer of ships for the United States Navy, and, as of 2023, is the largest private employer in Mississippi.
Endō Shōta
Endō Shōta (Japanese: 遠藤 聖大; born October 19, 1990) is a Japanese former professional sumo wrestler from Anamizu, Ishikawa. After a successful amateur career, he turned professional in March 2013, making the top makuuchi division that September. His highest rank has been komusubi. He has been awarded one special prize for Fighting Spirit, one for Outstanding Performance and four for Technique, as well as seven gold stars for defeating yokozuna. He was runner-up in the September 2016 and September 2021 tournaments. He wrestled for the Oitekaze stable. He is extremely popular with sumo fans and has been regarded as one of the most promising home-grown wrestlers in sumo.

Endō retired in November 2025, and is now a coach at Oitekaze stable under the elder name Kitajin.

Oitekaze stable
The Oitekaze stable (追手風部屋, Oitekaze-beya) is a stable of sumo wrestlers, part of the Tokitsukaze ichimon or group of stables. It was established in its modern incarnation on 1 October 1998 by former maegashira Daishōyama, who is the stable's current head coach. He had married the daughter of the previous Oitekaze-oyakata and branched off from Tomozuna stable, taking some wrestlers with him including future sekitori Hayateumi and Daishōdai.  As of January 2023, it had 18 wrestlers, of which seven were sekitori. Eight wrestlers in the stable's history have reached the top makuuchi division as of 2019.

In December 2016, the stable moved from the Isegahama ichimon to the Tokitsukaze ichimon.

In April 2024, coach Tatsutayama transferred from the former Michinoku stable, following the latter's closure after the retirement of former Kirishima.
Dobrzycko
Dobrzycko [dɔˈbʐɨt͡skɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Barwice, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Barwice, 32 km (20 mi) north-west of Szczecinek, and 119 km (74 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Barwice
Gmina Barwice is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Barwice, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) west of Szczecinek and 122 km (76 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 258.89 square kilometres (100.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,897, of which the population of Barwice is 3,838, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,059.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Drawsko Landscape Park.