hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sackerson
Sackerson was a famous brown bear which was baited in London's Beargarden in the late 16th century.

The bear appears in Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor in which Slender boasts to Anne Page that, "That’s meate and drinke to me now: I have seene Sackerson loose, twenty times, and
have taken him by the Chaine: but (I warrant you) the women have so cride and shrekt at it, that it past:": 103

Such bears were named after their owners.  John Sackerson (1541–95) was the landlord of the Bear Inn in Nantwich and kept a stable of bears and so may have supplied this one.: 105

Beargarden
The Beargarden was a facility for bear-baiting, bull-baiting, and other "animal sports" in the London area during the 16th and 17th centuries, from the Elizabethan era to the English Restoration period. Baiting is a blood sport where an animal is tormented or attacked by another animal, often dogs, for the purpose of entertainment or gambling. Samuel Pepys visited the venue in 1666 and described it as "a rude and nasty pleasure". The last recorded event at the Beargarden was the baiting of "a fine but vicious horse" in 1682.
Salut Victor
Salut Victor is a Canadian film, released in 1989. Based on Edward O. Phillips's short story "Matthew and Chauncy", the film was directed by Anne Claire Poirier and written by Poirier and Marthe Blackburn.

The film stars Jean-Louis Roux as Philippe and Jacques Godin as Victor, two older men living in a retirement home who fall in love; prior to moving into the home, Victor was openly gay while Philippe was in the closet about his own repressed homosexuality.

The film was produced for the National Film Board.

Edward O. Phillips
Edward Openshaw Phillips (November 26, 1931 – May 30, 2020) was a Canadian novelist who wrote both mystery novels and mainstream literary fiction. He was best known for his mystery novel series featuring gay detective Geoffrey Chadwick.
Old Government Building, Christchurch
The Old Government Building (also known as the Government Buildings and formerly the New Government Building; sometimes pluralised) is a heritage building complex in Christchurch, New Zealand. It was designed by Joseph Maddison in 1909 for use by government departments. It is a Category I heritage building listed with Heritage New Zealand.

Joseph Maddison
Joseph Clarkson Maddison (26 February 1850 – 11 December 1923) was a New Zealand architect.  He trained as an architect in his native London and came to Canterbury at the age of 22. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, he was one of the most prominent architects in Christchurch, receiving commissions from all over the country. Until the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, 13 of his buildings were listed by Heritage New Zealand on their register, with three of those Category I listings, but many of the Christchurch buildings have been demolished since. His style was plain and utilitarian, and he specialised in the classical Italian mode.
Market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.

Market capitalization is equal to the market price per common share multiplied by the number of common shares outstanding.

Share price
A share price is the price of a single share of a number of saleable equity shares of a company.
In layman's terms, the stock price is the highest amount someone is willing to pay for the stock, or the lowest amount that it can be bought for.
Mšecké Žehrovice Head
The Mšecké Žehrovice Head is a male sculpted head from c. 150–50 BC found at the double Viereckschanze site in Mšecké Žehrovice, about 65 km northwest of Prague, Czech Republic.  It is one of the best known works of Celtic art from Iron Age Europe, and, along with the Glauberg "Prince" and the Warrior of Hirschlanden, one of the few large representations of the human figure. After its discovery in 1943, the sculpture became one of the most photographed, reproduced and published La Tène (cc. 450–50 B.C.) objects ever.

The sculpture is now in the Nové Strašecí Museum. A copy of it can also be seen in the Prague National Museum.

With its iconic moustache, owl-like eyes, torc ornament and unique hairstyle, the marlstone head became an icon of Celtic Europe, featured on the covers of scientific as well as populist publications concentrating on Iron Age Europe related issues.

Glauberg
The Glauberg is a Celtic hillfort or oppidum in Hesse, Germany consisting of a fortified settlement and several burial mounds, "a princely seat of the late Hallstatt and early La Tène periods."

Archaeological discoveries in the 1990s place the site among the most important early Celtic centres in Europe. It provides unprecedented evidence on Celtic burial, sculpture and monumental architecture.
Arboretum du col du Haut-Jacques
The Arboretum du col du Haut-Jacques is an arboretum located in the Col du Haut-Jacques northeast of Bruyères, Vosges, Grand Est, France. It is open daily without charge.

The arboretum was created in 1962 by the Office National des Forêts (ONF) to collect and conserve indigenous and introduced species representative of the Vosges Mountains. It contains both conifers and deciduous trees, and now also displays herbaceous plants of the region.

Bruyères
Bruyères (French pronunciation: [bʁɥijɛʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

The town built up around a castle built on a hill in the locality in the 6th century.  It was the birthplace of Jean Lurçat, in 1892.
Geoffrey S. Fletcher
Geoffrey Shawn Fletcher (born October 4, 1970) is an American screenwriter and film director. Fletcher is best known for being the screenwriter of Precious, for which he received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, becoming the first African American to receive an Academy Award for writing.   In September 2010, Fletcher began shooting Violet & Daisy in New York City based on his original script as his directorial debut. It was released in a limited theatrical run in June 2013.

Violet & Daisy
Violet & Daisy is a 2011 American crime comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by Geoffrey Fletcher in his directorial debut. The film stars Saoirse Ronan, Alexis Bledel, Danny Trejo, Marianne Jean-Baptiste, and James Gandolfini in one of his last acting roles before his death on June 19, 2013. Supporting roles are performed by John Ventimiglia, Danny Hoch, and Tatiana Maslany. Violet & Daisy follows two teenage assassins named Violet and Daisy who accept what they think will be a quick-and-easy job, until an unexpected target throws them off their plan.

Violet & Daisy was released on September 15, 2011, at the Toronto International Film Festival and was given a limited theatrical release on June 7, 2013. Geoffrey S. Fletcher credits Pulp Fiction, Superbad, and Thelma & Louise as inspiration for this film.

Violet & Daisy was also adapted for the stage and performed at The New School in 2019.
Charlotte Jones Anderson
Charlotte Jones Anderson (born July 26, 1966) is an American businesswoman and football executive. She is the executive vice president and chief brand officer of the Dallas Cowboys. Jones was appointed chairman of the Salvation Army's National Advisory Board in 2010 and is the first woman to ever serve in that role. In 2012, Jones was named chairperson of the NFL Foundation and is responsible for leading philanthropic efforts in player care, youth football, and medical research. Jones is the first woman to serve in this capacity for a National Football League charitable institution, and the first woman to represent club ownership as leader of a major professional sports league foundation.

NFL Foundation
The National Football League (NFL) Foundation, previously known as NFL Charities, is a non-profit making charitable organization, established by the member clubs of the National Football League (NFL) in 1973. It enables the clubs to collectively make grants to charitable and worthwhile causes at a national level.
Didsbury
Didsbury is a suburb of Manchester, England, on the north bank of the River Mersey, 5 miles (8 kilometres) south of Manchester city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 26,788.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, there are records of Didsbury existing as a small hamlet as early as the 13th century. Its early history was dominated by being part of the Manor of Withington, a feudal estate that covered a large part of what is now the south of Manchester. Didsbury was described during the 18th century as a township separate from outside influence. In 1745 a section of the Jacobite army including the Duke of Perth crossed the Mersey at Didsbury in the Jacobite march south from Manchester to Derby.

Didsbury was largely rural until the mid-19th century, when it underwent development and urbanisation during the Industrial Revolution. It became part of Manchester in 1904.

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds was formed in Didsbury in 1889.

Daniel Adamson
Daniel Adamson (30 April 1820 – 13 January 1890) was an English engineer who became a successful manufacturer of boilers and was the driving force behind the inception of the Manchester Ship Canal project during the 1880s.
Rodionovo-Nesvetaysky District
Rodionovo-Nesvetaysky District (Russian: Родионово-Несветайский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,547 square kilometers (597 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a sloboda) of Rodionovo-Nesvetayskaya. Population: 23,632 (2010 Census);  23,391 (2002 Census); 21,665 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Rodionovo-Nesvetayskaya accounts for 27.0% of the district's total population.

Rodionovo-Nesvetayskaya
Rodionovo-Nesvetayskaya (Russian: Родионово-Несветайская) is a rural locality (a sloboda) and the administrative center of Rodionovo-Nesvetaysky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia. Population:  6,379 (2010 Census); 6,197 (2002 Census); 4,957 (1989 Soviet census).
Nautilus Award
Nautilus Award was a Polish science fiction and fantasy award created by Robert J. Szmidt of the Science Fiction magazine, awarded from 2003 to 2012.

Each year, five novels and short stories are recognized. The awards have been presented for years 2003-2007, 2009-2010 and 2012. The awards were not given out in 2008 due to magazine publisher change and in 2011 due to the magazine folding. The last edition of the award, in 2014, was cancelled due to controversies over vote counting, and the award has not been awarded since.

Science Fiction (Polish magazine)
Science Fiction (from 2005 Science Fiction, Fantasy i Horror) was a Polish speculative fiction monthly magazine. It was established in 2001 under the name Science Fiction by Robert J. Szmidt, who was also the first editor. It is geared mostly towards Polish fantasy and science fiction, but occasionally publishes translations, primarily from non-English languages. The headquarters was in Katowice.

In 2005 the magazine was renamed to Science Fiction, Fantasy i Horror. Since 2009 it was published by Fabryka Słów. Later editor was Rafał Dębski.

Notable authors who were associated with the magazine include Feliks W. Kres, Andrzej Pilipiuk, Jarosław Grzędowicz, Romuald Pawlak, Adam Cebula, Marek Żelkowski, Wiktor Żwikiewicz, Jacek Dukaj.

From 2004 the magazine sponsored the Nautilus Award.

The magazine ceased publication in 2012.
Rudolf II, Count Palatine of the Rhine
Rudolf II "the blind" (8 August 1306 – 4 October 1353) was Count Palatine of the Rhine (see Palatinate) from 1329 to 1353.

He was born in Wolfratshausen, the son of Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, and Mechtild of Nassau, daughter of King Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. His uncle was Emperor Louis IV.

During his childhood, his father and his uncle fought over their inheritance. After the death of his father, his family was placed under the guardianship of Duke Johann von Nassau, who was a partisan of the Austrian cause.

His uncle, Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor had taken the Palatinate by force of arms. In August 1322, the war finally came to an end, but only after Mechthild's death in June 1323, were the three nephews finally able to make peace with their uncle. His sons inherited Bavaria and Rudolf I's sons inherited the Upper Palatinate and the Palatinate in line with the Treaty of Pavia.

He was blind only in the last years of his life.

Mechthild of Nassau
Mechtild of Nassau (German: Mechthild von Nassau; before 1280–19 June 1323) was the youngest child of Adolf, King of the Romans and Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg. Through her marriage to Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, Mechthild was the Duchess of Bavaria and Countess Palatine.
Lê Văn Nghiêm
Lieutenant General Lê Văn Nghiêm was an officer of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.

As a colonel, he was the first commander of the 1st Division, which was based in the northernmost regions of South Vietnam near the border, from May 1 1955 until December 15, when he was replaced by Colonel Nguyễn Khánh, who later led the country.

He served as the commander of III Corps, which oversaw the region of the country surrounding the capital Saigon, from 5 May 1960 until 7 December 1962, when he was replaced by Major General Tôn Thất Đính.

He was transferred to serve as the commander of I Corps, which oversaw the northernmost part of the country, from 7 December 1962 until August 1963 the next year, when he was replaced by Major General Đỗ Cao Trí. On the same night, I Corps forces took part in the Xá Lợi Pagoda raids.

1st Division (South Vietnam)
The 1st Division  of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)—the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975—was part of the I Corps that oversaw the northernmost region of South Vietnam, the centre of Vietnam.

The 1st Division was based in Huế, the old imperial city and one of two major cities in the region, which was also the corps headquarters. Until late 1971 the division was also tasked with the defence of Quảng Trị, the closest town to the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and among the first to be hit by the Tet Offensive.
Wild Horse Island
Wild Horse Island (Montana Salish: Čt'išeʔém, Kutenai: kwiⱡq̓anqmi), approximately 2,164 acres (876 ha) in size, is the largest island on Flathead Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Montana. Protected as a state park since 1977, the island near Big Arm Bay is home to abundant wildlife including bighorn sheep, mule deer, waterfowl, and bald eagles. It is managed by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and lies within both the Flathead Indian Reservation and Lake County, Montana.

Flathead Lake
Flathead Lake (Salish: člq̓etkʷ, Kutenai: yawuʔnik̓ ʔa·kuq̓nuk) is a large natural lake in northwest Montana, United States.

The lake is a remnant of the ancient, massive glacial dammed lake, Lake Missoula, of the era of the last interglacial. Flathead Lake is a natural lake along the mainline of the Flathead River. It was dammed in 1930 by Kerr Dam at its outlet on Polson Bay, slightly raising the lake level; the dam generates electricity. The hydroelectric has been owned and operated by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes since 2015. It is one of the cleanest lakes in the populated world for its size and type.
Go the Fuck to Sleep
Go the Fuck to Sleep is a satirical book written by American author Adam Mansbach and illustrated by Ricardo Cortés. Described as a "children's book for adults", it reached No. 1 on Amazon.com's bestseller list a month before its release, thanks to an unintended viral marketing campaign during which booksellers forwarded PDF copies of the book by e-mail.

Ricardo Cortés (illustrator)
Ricardo Cortés (born 1973) is an illustrator and author.  He has written and illustrated a children's book about marijuana: It's Just a Plant. He illustrated Go the Fuck to Sleep, Adam Mansbach's bedtime story for adults, and I Don't Want To Blow You Up!, a coloring book with pages devoted to famous Muslims who are not terrorists.

A 2011 project is to raise money to distribute an illustrated booklet about jury nullification (under the title Jury Independence Illustrated). The intention is to educate the public (specifically, potential jurors) about their ability to acquit a defendant because the jury (or juror) disagrees with the law in question.  A grant of $2,000 has been provided by the Department of Cultural Affairs' Greater New York Arts Development.

Cortes graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1995.
Wądół, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Wądół [ˈvɔnduu̯] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołczygłowy, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kołczygłowy
Gmina Kołczygłowy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kołczygłowy, which lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Bytów and 93 km (58 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 173.34 square kilometres (66.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,321.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Słupia Valley Landscape Park.
Jean Meslier
Jean Meslier (French: [melje]; also Mellier; 15 June 1664 – 17 June 1729) was a French Catholic priest (abbé) who was discovered, upon his death, to have written a book-length philosophical essay promoting atheism and materialism. Described by the author as his "testament" to his parishioners, the text criticizes and denounces all religions.

Materialism
In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Physicalism extends materialism by including forms of physicality beyond ordinary matter (e.g. spacetime, energy, forces, exotic matter), and some use the terms interchangeably.

Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism.
Kari Suomalainen
Kari Yrjänä Suomalainen (15 October 1920, in Helsinki – 10 August 1999, in Valkeakoski) was a famous Finnish political cartoonist, known as Kari. His cartoons appeared daily in Helsingin Sanomat from 1951 to 1991 and they became popular throughout the nation. While most of them comment on current politics, some are based on everyday life. Suomalainen received many awards for his work, including the National Cartoonist Society (US) award in 1959, Puupäähattu in 1984 and Pro Finlandia in 1989. He was also appointed honorary professor in 1977.

Kari's maternal grandfather was Finnish sculptor Emil Wikström, and his younger sister was the opera singer and director Saskia Suomalainen, a.k.a. Maaria Eira.

Emil Wikström
Emil Wikström (13 April 1864 in Turku – 26 September 1942 in Helsinki) was a Finnish sculptor. Among his best known works are the Lyhdynkantajat ("Lantern Carriers") sculptures on the front of the Helsinki Central railway station and the monuments to Elias Lönnrot and Johan Vilhelm Snellman.
Sefuri-Kitayama Prefectural Natural Park
Sefuri-Kitayama Prefectural Natural Park (脊振北山県立自然公園, Sefuri-Kitayama kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in northern Saga Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1975, the park spans the municipalities of Kanzaki, Karatsu, Kiyama, Miyaki, Saga, Tosu, and Yoshinogari.

Karatsu, Saga
Karatsu (唐津市, Karatsu-shi) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan.  Its name, formed from the Japanese word roots 唐 kara (China, or continental East Asia in general), and 津 tsu (port), signifies its historical importance as an ancient trading port between Japan with China and Korea. As of 1 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of 114,695 in 51375 households, and a  population density of 200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 487.60 km2 (188.26 sq mi). The same Chinese characters are used in the name of the city (唐津市) as for the city of Dangjin in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea.
You Are Loved (Don't Give Up)
"You Are Loved (Don't Give Up)" is the second track and the first single from Josh Groban's third album, Awake, released on November 7, 2006. The song's music and lyrics were written by Tawgs Salter. The single peaked at #9 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart.

Awake (Josh Groban album)
Awake is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Josh Groban. Announced on September 13, 2006, it is his third studio album, and a follow-up to his multi-platinum album Closer. Awake was released on November 7, 2006.

The album was certified 2× platinum in the US by the RIAA on January 31, 2008, and has sold 2.3 million albums as of October 2015. It is the third top selling classical album of the 2000s in the US, according to Nielsen SoundScan.
Lorenz Nikolai Achté
Lorenz Nikolai Achté (25 May 1835 – April 18, 1900) was a Finnish opera singer, composer, conductor and music teacher. He was born in Pori, and was one of the Finnish Opera's first artists, together with his wife Emmy Achté. He established a cantor-organist school, Helsinki Church Music School, in Helsinki in 1882.

Achté died in Helsinki. His daughter Aino Ackté became a famous opera singer.

Aino Ackté
Aino Ackté (originally Achte; 24 April 1876 – 8 August 1944) was a Finnish dramatic soprano. She was the first international star of the Finnish opera scene after Alma Fohström, and a groundbreaker for the domestic field.
Lit Up/Let Down
Lit Up/Let Down is the debut album by the Swedish glam metal band Vains of Jenna. It was released on October 24, 2006 by Bam Margera's music label Filthy Note. The first track of the album, "Don't Give a Damn" featured as the theme song for Bam Margera's MTV series Bam's Unholy Union. The first single was "No One's Gonna Do It for You", and was followed up with a music video directed and produced by Bam Margera.

Vains of Jenna
Vains of Jenna was a Swedish sleaze rock band formed in Falkenberg in 2005. They later moved to Los Angeles, though most of the band members now reside back in Sweden. In January 2012, the band confirmed on Facebook and MySpace that they had "mutually and amicably" decided to disband.
Diviciacus (Suessiones)
Diviciacus was a king of the Belgic tribe of the Suessiones in the early 1st century BC. Julius Caesar, writing in the mid-1st century BC, says that he had within living memory been the most powerful king in Gaul, ruling a large portion not only of Gallia Belgica, but also of Britain.

Suessiones
The Suessiones were a Belgic tribe, dwelling in the modern Aisne and Oise regions during the La Tène and Roman periods.

During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BC), their oppidum Noviodunum (Pommiers) was besieged and conquered by Caesar. Following their defeat by the Romans at the end of the campaign of 57 BC, they fell into dependence upon Rome and remained faithful to the Romans during the revolt of 51 BC.