hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Carlisle
The Battle of Carlisle was an American Civil War skirmish fought in Pennsylvania on July 1, 1863, which was also the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg.  Major General J.E.B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry briefly engaged Union militia under Major General William F. "Baldy" Smith at Carlisle and set fire to the Carlisle Barracks.  Stuart's cavalry withdrew and arrived at Gettysburg on the second day of the battle, to the perplexity and annoyance of General Robert E. Lee.

William Farrar Smith
William Farrar Smith (February 17, 1824 – February 28, 1903), known as "Baldy" Smith, was a Union general in the American Civil War, notable for attracting the extremes of glory and blame. He was praised for his gallantry in the Seven Days Battles and the Battle of Antietam, but was demoted for professional and political reasons after the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg. As chief engineer of the Army of the Cumberland, he achieved recognition by restoring a supply line that saved that army from starvation and surrender, known as the "Cracker Line", that helped Union troops to success in the Chattanooga campaign in the autumn of 1863. Leading the first operation against Petersburg, Smith's caution, possibly illness-related, may have cost the Union a prime opportunity for a quick end to the war. He was relieved of command shortly thereafter.
London Power Company
The London Power Company was an electricity generating and bulk supply company in London, England, formed in 1925 by the merger of ten small electricity companies. In 1948 Britain's electricity supply industry was nationalised under the Electricity Act 1947 and the company was absorbed into the British Electricity Authority.

Alexander Kennedy
Sir Alexander Blackie William Kennedy FRS, FRGS (17 March 1847 – 1 November 1928), better known simply as Alexander Kennedy, was a leading British civil and electrical engineer and academic. A member of many institutions and the recipient of three honorary doctorates, Kennedy was also an avid mountaineer and a keen amateur photographer being one of the first to document the archaeological site of Petra in Jordan following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
Gerald Hawkins (politician)
Gerald "Jerry" Hawkins (September 20, 1943 – September 30, 2015) was an American politician.

Born in Du Quoin, Illinois, Hawkins moved with his family to Sparta, Illinois and graduated from Sparta Community High School in 1961. He served in the United States Army Reserves.

Hawkins worked in a men's clothing store and in the insurance business. He also worked in the coal mines and was involved with the United Mine Workers of America.

He served on the Perry County Commission. A Democrat, he served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1993 to 1995.

Hawkins died at his home in Du Quoin, Illinois, at the age of 72.

Du Quoin, Illinois
Du Quoin (/duːˈkɔɪn/ doo-KOYN) is a city in Perry County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Du Quoin had a population of 5,827. It is best known for hosting the annual DuQuoin State Fair and the Street Machine Nationals.
Mandera (Somaliland)
Mandera is a town in the Maroodi Jeex province of Somaliland. Situated in the Hargeisa District, it is located northeast by road from Hargeisa and southwest of Berbera.

The town contains Mandera Prison and the Abdaal Central Mosque.

Mandera Prison
Mandera Prison, also sometimes spelled as Mandhera or Mandheera Prison, is an isolated, high-security central prison located in the town of Mandera in the Maroodi Jeex Region of the self-proclaimed nation of Somaliland, about 95 km (59 mi) northeast of the capital Hargeisa. The prison has been in operation since Somaliland was still a British protectorate, and to this day functions as a major prison within the region.

There is a generally poor reception of the prison from those who have been inside in recent years, specifically guards mistreating inmates in some instances, and the deteriorating state of the building itself after years of continuous use. Furthermore, the prison in recent decades has grown to hold a disproportionate number of juvenile prisoners for minor crimes. Both domestic and foreign observers have condemned the prison for detaining journalists and non-ruling party politicians en masse, and for allowing executions.
Mathiasbreen
Mathiasbreen is a glacier in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about five kilometers, and is located between the mountains Keilhaufjellet and Kistefjellet. The glacier is named after Norwegian geologist Baltazar Mathias Keilhau.

Baltazar Mathias Keilhau
Balthazar Mathias Keilhau (2 November 1797 – 1 January 1858) was a Norwegian geologist and mountain pioneer. He is regarded as the founder of the discipline of geology in Norway, and has also been credited for the discovery of the Jotunheimen mountain range.
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival
The Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival (Spanish: Festival Internacional de Cine de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) is an international film festival that is held in Las Palmas on the island of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. The festival takes place every year. It was first held in 2000.

The festival is held in several venues in the city. In 2015 the Palacete Rodriguez Quegles became the base for the festival.

Palacete Rodriguez Quegles
The Palacete Rodríguez Quegles is a mansion, or small palace, in Las Palmas, capital of Gran Canaria island, in the Canary Islands of Spain.
It was built around 1901 as an elaborate residence for a wealthy businessman, then in 1972 sold to the city of Las Palmas for use as a music conservatory.
The restored building is now a cultural center.
Drzeżewo
Drzeżewo [dʐɛˈʐɛvɔ] (German: Dresow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Główczyce, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Główczyce
Gmina Główczyce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Główczyce, which lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) north-east of Słupsk and 87 km (54 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 323.81 square kilometres (125.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,394.
Idlewild (film)
Idlewild is a 2006 American musical drama film written and directed by Bryan Barber. The film stars André 3000 and Big Boi of the hip hop duo Outkast and features musical numbers that were written, produced and chiefly performed by the group. Idlewild contrasts the group's hip-hop, funk, and soul sound against a story based on a juke joint in the fictional town of Idlewild, during the Great Depression in Georgia in 1935.

Distributed by Universal Pictures, the film is an HBO Films co-production alongside Mosaic Media Group and Forensic Films. It features an ensemble cast including Terrence Howard, Paula Jai Parker, Paula Patton, Cicely Tyson, Ben Vereen, Patti LaBelle, Ving Rhames, Macy Gray, Faizon Love, Bruce Bruce, Malinda Williams, Jackie Long and Bill Nunn. Idlewild received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $12.6 million worldwide.

Allen Shapiro
Allen Shapiro is a media executive and investor. He is the former executive chairman and CEO of Dick Clark Productions (DCP), a former chairman of TV Guide, and a former entertainment lawyer. Shapiro was the executive producer of DCP's flagship programming and oversaw the development, production and licensing of the company's high-profile properties. Since 1999, he is a managing partner of Mosaic Media Investment Partners production and talent management company.
Jerome Hannan
Jerome Daniel Hannan (November 29, 1896 – December 15, 1965) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Scranton in Pennsylvania from 1954 until his death in 1965.

Diocese of Scranton
The Diocese of Scranton (Latin: Dioecesis Scrantonensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. It is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The mother church is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton.
Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine
The Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine (AMU) is a nongovernmental organization. The AMU promotes political stability and economic growth within Ukraine.
It was founded in March 2015 and is headquartered in Vienna. The former Austrian politician Michael Spindelegger is President of the AMU.

Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz (Polish pronunciation: [vwɔˈd͡ʑimjɛʂ t͡ɕimɔˈʂɛvit͡ʂ] ⓘ, born 13 September 1950 in Warsaw) is a Polish politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland for a year from 7 February 1996 to 31 October 1997, after being defeated in the Parliamentary elections by the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS).
Nazimabad
Nazimabad (Urdu: ناظم آباد, Sindhi: نئون ناظم آباد) is a suburb of Karachi, Pakistan. It was established in 1952, and is named after the second Governor General of Pakistan Khawaja Nazimuddin. Nazimabad is located in Liaquatabad Town. One of the largest government own hospitals in Karachi namely Abbasi Shaheed Hospital also situated in Nazimabad No. 5 The Abbasi Shaheed Hospital has 24/7 emergency/trauma facility. The Karachi Matriculation Board is also located in Nazimabad No. 5 The highly populated colony Paposh Nagar is also located in Nazimabad.

Nazimabad Town
Nazimabad Town (Urdu: ناظم آباد ٹاؤن) is an administrative subdivision within Karachi, Pakistan in the northern part of the city. It is named after the suburb of Nazimabad, which is named after the second Governor General of Pakistan Khawaja Nazimuddin. It was formed in January 2022 as part of Karachi Central District, and is subdivided into 7 union councils.
Railroad Tycoon
Railroad Tycoon is a business simulation game series. There are five games in the series; the original Railroad Tycoon (1990), Railroad Tycoon Deluxe (1993), Railroad Tycoon II (1998), Railroad Tycoon 3 (2003), and Railroads! (2006).Railroad Tycoon was written by game designer Sid Meier and published by MicroProse. Though it shares the "Tycoon" suffix, it is not related to other Microprose games such as RollerCoaster Tycoon and Transport Tycoon, which were developed by Scottish programmer Chris Sawyer.

The objective of the game is to build and manage a railroad company by laying track, building stations, and buying and scheduling trains. The railroad must be built in a certain time to win the game.

Sid Meier
Sidney K. Meier (/ˈmaɪər/ MIRE; born February 24, 1954) is an American businessman and computer programmer. A programmer, designer, and producer of many strategy and simulation video games, including the Civilization series, Meier co-founded MicroProse in 1982 with Bill Stealey and is the Director of Creative Development of Firaxis Games, which he co-founded with Jeff Briggs and Brian Reynolds in 1996. For his contributions to the video game industry, Meier was inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame.
Wateringbury
Wateringbury is a village and civil parish near the town of Maidstone in Kent, England. The Wateringbury Stream flows into the River Medway just above Bow Bridge. It formerly powered three watermills in the village, one of which survives. The Wateringbury railway station is on the Medway Valley Line.

Wateringbury Stream
The Wateringbury stream is a tributary of the River Medway in Kent, England. It rises at Swanton, West Peckham parish, flows south east towards Mereworth and then flows in a generally easterly direction to join the River Medway at Wateringbury. It  is some four miles (6 km) long and powered a number of watermills.
Dollo Zone
Dollo (Somali: Doollo) is one of the nine zones in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as Warder/Werder, so named after its largest city, Warder. Dollo is bordered on the southwest by Korahe, on the northwest by Jarar, and on the southeast by Somalia. The Provisional Administrative Line defines the southeast border with Somalia.

Ethiopia–Somalia border
The Ethiopia–Somalia border stretches 1,500 kilometers. In the 19th century, both Britain and Italy contributed to shaping the modern border, on behalf of their colonies of British, French and Italian Somaliland. The Somali people were thus under British, French, Italian and Ethiopian rule. During World War II, Britain gained control of the Ogaden and Haud territories and returned them to Ethiopia in 1954, but not delimited beyond the provisional line (sometimes labeled on maps as the Provisional Administrative Line). Since 1960 independence, the border has suffered serious skirmishes involving both countries' soldiers. From 1977 to 1978, Ethiopia and Somalia fought in the Ogaden War led by Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam and General Siad Barre respectively. The EPRDF government demarcated the border of Ogaden into Somali Region.
Somalia is located at the base of Ethiopia's protrude southeast region; from the South, it is bounded by Wabi Shebelle and Genale Valley.
A34 Road Bridge
The A34 Road Bridge is a modern road bridge carrying the Oxford ring road (A34 road) at Oxford, England, across the River Thames.  It crosses the Thames just upstream of Godstow Lock near Wolvercote on the reach to King's Lock. The bridge was built in 1961.

The bridge's formal name on the Ordnance Survey map is Thames Bridge, possibly to distinguish it from the Isis Bridge, the only other bridge carrying the Oxford ring road over the Thames.

An embankment either side of the bridge carries the A34 over the Thames floodplain. To the south the embankment links the bridge to a bridge carrying the A34 over the local road between Wytham and Wolvercote.  To the north the bridge is linked by the embankment to the Wolvercote Viaduct that carries the A34 across the Cherwell Valley Line railway, the Oxford Canal and the A40 road. Between 2008 and 2010 there was a major project to replace the viaduct with a new bridge. The bridge over the Thames was not replaced.

A34 road
The A34 is a major road in England.  It runs from the A33 and M3 at Winchester in Hampshire, to the A6 and A6042 in Salford, close to Manchester City Centre. It forms a large part of the major trunk route from Southampton, via Oxford, to Birmingham, The Potteries and Manchester. For most of its length (together with the A5011 and parts of the A50, and A49), it forms part of the former Winchester–Preston Trunk Road. Improvements to the section of road forming the Newbury Bypass around Newbury were the scene of significant direct action environmental protests in the 1990s. It is 151 miles (243 km) long.
Ashar Zaidi
Syed Ashar Ahmed Zaidi (Urdu: سید اشعر احمد زیدی; born 13 July 1981) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer. Zaidi is a left-handed batsman and left-arm orthodox spin bowler who is considered an all-rounder. He has played first-class cricket for Islamabad in Pakistan and for Sussex and Essex in England and has represented the Pakistan A cricket team at international level. He holds a British passport and as a result can play as a domestic player in England.

In August 2024, he was banned from all cricket for a period of five years by the International Cricket Council, after admitting to breaches of the Emirates Cricket Board's Anti-Corruption Code.

Comilla Victorians
Comilla Victorians (Bengali: কুমিল্লা ভিক্টোরিয়ান্স) is a Bangladeshi professional men's cricket team which competed in the Bangladesh Premier League, a T-20 cricket league. The team is based in Cumilla, a city in eastern Bangladesh. Comilla Victorians has won the BPL title 4 times. The team is currently owned by Nafisa Kamal, the daughter of AHM Mustafa Kamal, a former finance minister under the Sheikh Hasina government.

On 16 November 2019, Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) announced themselves as the sponsor of the team and it was renamed to Cumilla Warriors. The team were replaced by Comilla Victorians after the previous owners returned ahead of the 2021–22 Bangladesh Premier League.

Due to the owners' relations with the Hasina ministry that was revoked following the Student–People's uprising in August 2024, the team didn't participate in the 2025 Bangladesh Premier League.
It Happened in Damascus
It Happened in Damascus (Italian: Accadde a Damasco, Spanish: Sucedió en Damasco) is a 1943 Italian-Spanish comedy film directed by José López Rubio and Primo Zeglio and starring Paola Barbara, Germana Paolieri and Miguel Ligero. It is based on the 1916 Zarzuela  El asombro de Damasco by Joaquín Abati and Antonio Paso. A co-production, it was shot at the Orphea Studios in Barcelona. The film's sets were designed by the art director Pierre Schild.

José López Rubio
José López Rubio y Herreros (13 December 1903 in Motril, Granada – 2 March 1996) was a Spanish playwright, screenwriter, film director, theatre historian, and humorist.

Rubio y Herreros worked in Hollywood as a songwriter for Paramount Pictures. On 5 June 1983, he took Seat ñ of the Real Academia Española.
Nenjam Marappathillai (1963 film)
Nenjam Marappathillai (transl. The Heart Never Forgets) is a 1963 Indian Tamil-language paranormal romance film written and directed by Sridhar. The film stars Kalyan Kumar and Devika, with M. N. Nambiar, S. V. Sahasranamam, Nagesh, Padmini Priyadarshini and Manorama in supporting roles. It focuses on a college boy who, while exploring a dilapidated villa, learns all the details about his past life.

The film was conceived by Sridhar based on numerous news reports he read about people claiming to remember their past lives. It was produced by M. S. Kasi under his banner Manohar Pictures, had music composed by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy, cinematography by A. Vincent and editing by N. M. Shankar. The story was credited to Kasi, and Sridhar's brother C. V. Rajendran worked as the associate director.

Nenjam Marappathillai was released on 2 August 1963. The film received a number of positive reviews but did not succeed commercially, though it later attained cult status in Tamil cinema.

Devika
Devika Devadoss (born Prameela Devi; 25 April 1943 – 2 May 2002) was an Indian actress who worked in Tamil and Telugu along with a few Malayalam, Kannada, and Hindi films. She was one of the popular lead actresses in the 1960s.

Devika is the daughter of Gajapati Naidu and the grand daughter of Telugu cinema doyen and pioneer Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu. One of her uncles, C. Basudev, was a Mayor of Chennai. Actress Kanaka is her only daughter.
Stack effect
The stack effect or chimney effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings through unsealed openings, chimneys, flue-gas stacks, or other purposefully designed openings or containers, resulting from air buoyancy. Buoyancy occurs due to a difference in indoor-to-outdoor air density resulting from temperature and moisture differences. The result is either a positive or negative buoyancy force. The greater the thermal difference and the height of the structure, the greater the buoyancy force, and thus the stack effect. The stack effect can be useful to drive natural ventilation in certain climates, but in other circumstances may be a cause of unwanted air infiltration or fire hazard.

Infiltration (HVAC)
Infiltration is the unintentional or accidental introduction of outside air into a building, typically through cracks in the building envelope and through use of doors for passage.   Infiltration is sometimes called air leakage.  The leakage of room air out of a building, intentionally or not, is called exfiltration.  Infiltration is caused by wind, negative pressurization of the building, and by air buoyancy forces known commonly as the stack effect.
Maurice Schwob
Maurice Schwob (7 May 1859 – 30 March 1928) was a French publisher of the daily newspaper Le Phare de la Loire, based in Nantes. The newspaper had been sold to Maurice's father, Georges Schwob, in 1876 by Evariste Mangin.

He was born into a cultivated Jewish family. His father, George Schwob, was a friend of Théodore de Banville and Théophile Gautier. His mother, Mathilde Cahun, came from a family of intellectuals from Alsace. He was the brother of symbolist writer Marcel Schwob and the father of the surrealist writer and photographer Claude Cahun (born Lucy Schwob).

Le Phare de la Loire
Le Phare de la Loire was a French daily newspaper published in Nantes from 1852 to 1944. It was the last incarnation of a press lineage that began in 1782, successively owned by the Mangin family, the Schwob family, and finally by Francis Portais and his son-in-law René Bentz.

The leading daily newspaper in Nantes throughout its existence, it was banned from publication after the Liberation in 1945 and replaced by La Résistance de l'Ouest, and later by Presse-Océan, a newspaper of modest importance compared to its competitor in Rennes,Ouest-France.
Resolven (ship)
The SV Resolven was a merchant brig which was found abandoned on 29 August 1884, with her lifeboat missing, between Baccalieu Island and Catalina, Newfoundland and Labrador. The ship's crew appears to have abandoned Resolven for unknown reasons in the approximately six hours between the last entry in the ship's log and her sighting by HMS Mallard of the Royal Navy; none of those who had been aboard Resolven were ever seen or heard from again.

Due to the mysterious circumstances under which Resolven was found adrift, her fate has been compared to that of the infamous brigantine Mary Celeste.

Baccalieu Island
Baccalieu Island or Bacalhoo Island (/ˌbækəˈluː/) is a 5 km2 uninhabited island at the northern extremities of Conception Bay in Subdivision 1G, near the community of Red Head Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.  It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by Baccalieu Tickle, a small strait and an abundant fishing ground. The island has some trees but is mostly rocky.

The name Baccalieu is derived either from the Portuguese bacalhau, Spanish bacalao or the Basque bakailao, all meaning "codfish". Early Portuguese maps dating before Columbus' voyage indicate an island west of the Azores named Terra do Bacalhau which may have been the whole island of Newfoundland. Modern Baccalieu Island was known to Europeans by that name since at least 1556, when it was drawn on the Gastaldi map as "Bacalaos".
Domaso
Domaso (Comasco: Dumàs [duˈmaːs]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Milan and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Como. As of 9 October 2011, it had a population of 1,455 and an area of 6.1 km².

Domaso borders the following municipalities: Colico, Gravedona, Livo, Peglio, Vercana.

Province of Como
The province of Como (Italian: provincia di Como; Comasco: pruincia de Comm) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. It borders the Swiss cantons of Ticino and Grigioni to the north, the Italian provinces of Sondrio and Lecco to the East, the province of Monza and Brianza to the south and the province of Varese to the West. The city of Como is its capital—other large towns, with more than 10,000 inhabitants, include Cantù, Erba, Mariano Comense and Olgiate Comasco. Campione d'Italia also belongs to the province and is enclaved in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The Lugano Prealps cover the territory of the province, and the most important body of water is the glacial Lake Como.