hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joint stability
Joint stability refers to the resistance offered by various musculoskeletal tissues that surround a skeletal joint. Several subsystems ensure the stability of a joint. These are the passive, active and neural subsystems. It is believed that one or more of the subsystems must have failed if joint instability occurs, usually a torn or overstretched ligament. Instability of joints can cause unhealthy ranges of movement in your joints, which can result in the joints fracturing.

The bony components that may relate to the potential for joint instability can be measured by use of x-rays. Plain film lateral x-rays can be used to evaluate for translations anteriorly (anterolisthesis) or posteriorly (retrolisthesis). Where plain films indicate the likelihood of these translations being significant, flexion-extension views can be utilized to determine the dynamic range of movement of joints. This allows for a more accurate view of any potential instability issues.

Retrolisthesis
A retrolisthesis is a posterior displacement of one vertebral body with respect to the subjacent vertebra to a degree less than a luxation (dislocation). Retrolistheses are most easily diagnosed on lateral x-ray views of the spine. Views where care has been taken to expose for a true lateral view without any rotation offer the best diagnostic quality.

Retrolistheses are found most prominently in the cervical spine and lumbar region but can also be seen in the thoracic area.
Arado S I
The Arado S I was a biplane trainer built in Germany in 1925. The first of three prototypes was powered by a Bristol Lucifer radial engine, while the other two Arado S.Ia aircraft were fitted with the Siemens-Halske Sh 12. The Siemens-Halske Sh 11 powered the Arado S III, a virtually identical aircraft of which only a single prototype was constructed and sold to Turkey.

Siemens-Halske Sh 12
The Siemens-Halske Sh 12 was a nine-cylinder, air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft built in Germany in the 1920s. First run in 1925, it was rated at 80 kW (110 hp). The Sh 12 was also produced in the United States by Ryan Aeronautical Corp. as the Ryan-Siemens 9.
Liberia at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Liberia was planning to participate at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China, but on 15 August 2014 they pulled out of the games due to pressure from Chinese Authorities in an attempt to prevent Ebola from West Africa from entering their nation.

2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics (Chinese: 2014年夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī sì Nián Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), officially known as the II Summer Youth Olympic Games Chinese: 第二届夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì'èrjiè Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, and commonly known as Nanjing 2014 (Chinese: 南京2014; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sì), were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. These were the first Youth Olympic Games held in China, making it the first country to host both regular and Youth Olympics following the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the first Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
The Crazy Countess
The Crazy Countess (German: Die tolle Komtess) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Richard Löwenbein and starring Ralph Arthur Roberts, Werner Fuetterer, and Hanni Weisse. It was based on an operetta of the same title.

The film's art direction was by Max Heilbronner.

Ralph Arthur Roberts
Ralph Arthur Roberts (born Robert Arthur Schönherr; 2 October 1884 – 12 March 1940) was a German film actor who also directed in the theatre and occasionally in film and wrote plays. From 1928 on, he headed the Berlin Theatre in Behrenstraße.
Echium
Echium /ˈɛkiəm/ is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae that contains about 70 species and several subspecies.

Species of Echium are native to North Africa, mainland Europe to Central Asia, and the Macaronesian islands where the genus reaches its maximum diversity. Twenty-nine species of Echium are endemic to the Canary, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos. The continental species are herbaceous, whereas many of the endemic species of the Macaronesian islands are woody perennial shrubs.

Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, has two significantly different circumscriptions as of December 2025. In the narrower circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu stricto is one of 11 families placed in the order Boraginales and includes about 90–120 genera. This approach was developed by the Boraginales Working Group. In the older, broader circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu lato is the only family in the order Boraginales, and includes about 155 genera.
Panton–Valentine leukocidin
Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin—one of the β-pore-forming toxins. PVL is a bicomponent pore-forming toxin composed of LukS-PV and LukF-PV subunits. These assemble into octameric β-barrel pores on the membranes of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, leading to cell lysis and inflammation. The pore formation is calcium-dependent and highly species-specific (effective in humans and rabbits, not mice). The presence of PVL is associated with increased virulence of certain strains (isolates) of Staphylococcus aureus. It is present in the majority
of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) isolates studied  
and is the cause of necrotic lesions involving the skin or mucosa, including necrotic hemorrhagic pneumonia.  
PVL creates pores in the membranes of infected cells. PVL is produced from the genetic material of a bacteriophage that infects Staphylococcus aureus, making it 
more virulent.

Pore-forming toxin
Pore-forming proteins (PFTs, also known as pore-forming toxins) are usually produced by bacteria, and include a number of protein exotoxins but may also be produced by other organisms such as apple snails that produce perivitellin-2 or  earthworms, who produce lysenin. They are frequently cytotoxic (i.e., they kill cells), as they create unregulated pores in the membrane of targeted cells.
Home Alone: The Holiday Heist
Home Alone: The Holiday Heist is a 2012 American Christmas comedy television film directed by Peter Hewitt. A standalone sequel to Home Alone 4 (2002), it is the fifth installment in the Home Alone franchise. It stars Christian Martyn, Jodelle Ferland, Malcolm McDowell, Debi Mazar, and Eddie Steeples. The film was produced by Fox Television Studios and premiered on ABC Family on November 25, 2012, during the network's annual Countdown to 25 Days of Christmas programming block. It is the second film after Home Alone 3 not to focus on the McCallister family.

Debi Mazar
Debi Mazar Corcos (/ˈmeɪzɑːr/; born August 13, 1964) is an American actress and television personality. She began her career with supporting roles in Goodfellas (1990), Little Man Tate (1991), Singles (1992), and Batman Forever (1995), followed by lead roles on the legal drama series Civil Wars (1991-1993) and L.A. Law (1993-1994). She portrayed press agent Shauna Roberts on the HBO series Entourage. She starred as Maggie Amato on TV Land's Younger, and alongside her husband Gabriele Corcos in the Cooking Channel series Extra Virgin.
Pie safe
A pie safe, also called a pie chest, pie cupboard,  kitchen safe, and meat safe, is a piece of furniture designed to store pies and other food items. This was a normal household item before iceboxes came into regular use, and it was an important part of the American household starting in the 1700s and continuing through the 1800s.

The pie safe was used to store not only pies, but bread, meat, and other perishables as well, to protect them from insects and vermin.

Icebox
An icebox (also called a cold closet) is a compact, non-mechanical refrigerator which was a common early-twentieth-century kitchen appliance before the development of safely powered refrigeration devices. They were insulated cabinets, to which large chunks of ice would need to be added every several days to maintain refrigeration.

Before the development of electric refrigerators, iceboxes were referred to by the public as "refrigerators". Only after the invention of the modern electric refrigerator did early non-electric refrigerators become known as iceboxes. The terms ice box and refrigerator were used interchangeably in advertising as long ago as 1848.
Ballyheigue
Ballyheigue (/ˌbæliˈhaɪɡ/ BAL-ee-HYEG), officially Ballyheige (Irish: Baile Uí Thaidhg, meaning 'town(land) of Tadhg'), is a coastal town and civil parish in County Kerry, Ireland. It is 18 km (11 mi) northwest of Tralee along the R551 road. It is a scenic locale which forms part of the Wild Atlantic Way and has several miles of beaches that connect to Banna Strand to the south, and Kerry Head to the north. Local events include the "Half on the Head" (Kerryhead) half marathon in June and an annual summer festival in July.

Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes multiple ringfort, souterrain, holy well, Bullaun stone and fulacht fiadh sites in Ballyheige, Buncurrig, Dirtane and other surrounding townlands. Ballyheigue Castle, a ruined Tudor Gothic Revival style country house, was built in 1809 on the site of an earlier house.

The local Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club is Ballyheigue GAA.

Ballyheigue GAA
Ballyheigue GAA is a hurling and Gaelic football club in the Ballyheigue area of north County Kerry, Ireland. The club competes at all levels of hurling at county and North Kerry and also plays some underage football as well as competing in the county junior football league and the county novice football shield.
Berga
Berga (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈbeɾɣə]) is the capital of the comarca (county) of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is bordered by the municipalities of Cercs, Olvan, Avià, Capolat and Castellar del Riu.

Province of Barcelona
Barcelona (Catalan: [bəɾsəˈlonə] ⓘ; Spanish: [baɾθeˈlona]) is a province in northeastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. The area of the province is 7,726.37 km2 (2,983.17 sq mi), and the population is 5,877,672, of which 28.7% is in the city of Barcelona itself, which itself is contained in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is both the 2nd most populous and 2nd most densely populated province in the country.
Gary Higginson
Gary Higginson (born 1952) is a British composer. Higginson trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama under Edmund Rubbra, Patric Standford, Buxton Orr and Alfred Nieman then at Birmingham University under John Joubert. He is a member of the Lakeland Composers group that also includes Arthur Butterworth, Robin Field and David Jennings. He is a regular contributor of reviews to MusicWeb International.

Higginson has written over 180 pieces, including orchestral works, two operas, two string quartets, and many solo sonatas and songs. He also composes brass band and educational music.

Robin Field
Robin Field (16 September 1935 – 11 April 2024) was a British composer, a member of the Lakeland Composers group that also includes Arthur Butterworth, Gary Higginson and David Jennings.

Born in Redditch, Worcestershire, Field received early tuition from Hugh Allen in Worcester, then studied with James Murray Brown in London and Durham, and Thomas Pitfield in Manchester. Field combined his compositional activity with a full time career as an industrial chemist. He moved to the Lake District in 1962.

His worklist of over 160 compositions includes a Violin Concerto, an Oboe Concerto, the Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Guillaume de Machaut for oboe and strings (North West Arts Award, 1971), eight string quartets, three piano sonatas, choral music (such as O Magnum Mysterium, for mixed chorus and organ) and songs. Among the songs are several cycles, such as When I Was One and Twenty (Housman) and A Sudden Revelation (Kenneth Steven).
American Princess (2019 TV series)
American Princess is an American comedy-drama television series created by Jamie Denbo that premiered on June 2, 2019, on Lifetime. Denbo wrote for the series and executive produced alongside Jenji Kohan and Tara Herrmann. On August 29, 2019, Lifetime canceled the series after one season.

Rory O'Malley
Rory James O'Malley (born December 23, 1980) is an American actor, best known for his performance as Elder McKinley in The Book of Mormon, for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011. He is a co-founder of the gay rights activist group Broadway Impact.
CBU-FM
CBU-FM (105.7 MHz) is a non-commercial public radio station in Vancouver, British Columbia. It is owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and it carries its CBC Music network. The studios and offices are in the CBC Regional Broadcast Centre at 700 Hamilton Street in Downtown Vancouver.

CBU-FM is a Class C station and the oldest FM station in British Columbia. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 31,7222 watts average (95,800 watts peak). The transmitter tower is atop Mount Seymour in the District of North Vancouver. Broadcast relay stations carry CBU-FM programming around British Columbia, as well as Dawson City, Whitehorse and Yellowknife.

CBC Music
CBC Music (formerly known as CBC FM, CBC Stereo and CBC Radio 2) is a non-commercial Canadian FM radio network operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It began by primarily concentrating on classical and jazz music. In 2007 and 2008, the network transitioned towards a new "adult music" format with a variety of genres, reducing classical to six hours in middays. In 2009, Radio 2 averaged 2.1 million listeners weekly; it was the second-largest radio network in Canada.
Chamaebatia
Chamaebatia, also known as mountain misery, is a genus of two species of aromatic evergreen shrubs endemic to California. Its English common name derives from early settlers' experience with the plant's dense tangle and sticky, strong-smelling resin. They are actinorhizal, non-legumes capable of nitrogen fixation through symbiosis with the actinobacterium, Frankia.

Frankia
Frankia is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the Rhizobium bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes in the family Fabaceae. Frankia also initiate the forming of root nodules.

This genus was originally named by Jørgen Brunchorst, in 1886 to honor the German biologist Albert Bernhard Frank. Brunchorst considered the organism he had identified to be a filamentous fungus. Becking redefined the genus in 1970 as containing prokaryotic actinomycetes and created the family Frankiaceae within the Actinomycetales. He retained the original name of Frankia for the genus.
The Uninvited (TV series)
The Uninvited is a British television science fiction mystery thriller mini-series, created by Leslie Grantham and written by Peter Bowker, first broadcast on ITV between 25 September and 16 October 1997. The series was co-produced by Zenith Entertainment and Anglia Television.

Douglas Hodge
Douglas William Hodge (born 25 February 1960) is an English actor, director and musician. He has had an extensive career in theatre, as well as film and television where he has appeared in Robin Hood (2010), Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return and Diana (both 2013), Penny Dreadful (2016), Catastrophe (2018), Joker and Lost in Space (both 2019), and The Great (2020–2023).
Reed Bullen
Reed Bullen (November 17, 1906 – October 12, 2005) was a Utah broadcaster, politician and a local leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Bullen was born and died in Logan, Utah. His father was Herschel Bullen. In 1929 Reed Bullen graduated from what would later be Utah State University with a degree in business.  He brought KVNU to Logan in 1938 and later the cable network North Utah Community TV.  In 1985 he was inducted into the Utah Broadcasters Hall of Fame.

In the LDS Church Bullen served as a bishop, stake president, patriarch and from 1978 to 1984 as president of the Logan Utah Temple.

From 1955 to 1976 Bullen was a member of the Utah State Senate, serving as a Republican. During this time he served as majority leader and later as senate president.

Bullen and his wife Kathryn Bowen were the parents of five children.

KVNU
KVNU (610 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Logan, Utah.  It is owned by the Cache Valley Media Group and airs a talk radio format, serving the Logan metropolitan area. KVNU also broadcasts Utah State Aggies sports.

KVNU first signed on in 1938 and was owned by the family of Herschel Bullen until 1996.
Old Fire House
Old Fire House is a historic fire station located at Milford, Kent County, Delaware.  It was built in 1925 as a combination fire house for the Carlisle Fire Company and community center. It is a two-story, square brick building with a projecting two-story entrance wing and stair tower.  It has a flat roof and cornice capped with pre-cast concrete blocks.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Milford, Delaware
Milford is a city in Kent and Sussex counties in the U.S. state of Delaware. According to the 2020 census, the population of the city is 11,190 people and 4,356 households in the city.

The Kent County portion of Milford is part of the Dover metropolitan area and the Delaware Valley metropolitan area, while the Sussex County portion is part of the Salisbury, MD-DE Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Danube Banovina
Danube Banovina or Danube Banate (Serbo-Croatian: Dunavska banovina / Дунавска бановина), was a banovina (or province) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. This province consisted of the geographical regions of Syrmia, Bačka, Banat, Baranya, Šumadija, and Braničevo. The capital city of the Danube Banovina was Novi Sad. The province was named after the Danube River.

Bačka
Bačka (Serbian: Бачка, pronounced [bâːtʃkaː]) or Bácska (pronounced [ˈbaːtʃkɒ]), is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary. Most of the area is located within the Vojvodina region in Serbia and Novi Sad, the administrative center of Vojvodina, lies on the border between Bačka and Syrmia. The smaller northern part of the geographical area is located within Bács-Kiskun County in Hungary.
Anniesland railway station
Anniesland railway station serves the Anniesland suburb of Glasgow, Scotland. It is located on the Argyle Line, 3+3⁄4 miles (6.0 km) west of Glasgow Central (Low Level), on the North Clyde Line 4+1⁄4 miles (6.8 km) west of Glasgow Queen Street (Low Level), and is the terminus of the Maryhill Line 6+1⁄4 miles (10.1 km) away from Glasgow Queen Street (High Level). The station is served by ScotRail, as part of the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport network.

Anniesland
Anniesland (Scottish Gaelic: Fearann Anna) is a district in the West End of the Scottish city Glasgow. It is situated north of the River Clyde, and centres on the major road junction of the Great Western Road (A82) and Crow Road/Bearsden Road (A739), known as Anniesland Cross.
Rune Erland
Rune Erland (born 25 August 1968) is a Norwegian handball player. He played 129 matches and scored 474 goals for the Norway men's national handball team between 1987 and 1997.  He participated at the 1993 World Men's Handball Championship.

With his club Viking HK, Erland was national champion in 1988 and 1994. Playing for VfL Gummersbach, he was part of winning the Handball-Bundesliga in 1991.

Erland was awarded the Håndballstatuetten trophy from the Norwegian Handball Federation in 2010.

VfL Gummersbach
VfL Gummersbach  is a professional handball club from the German city of Gummersbach, North Rhine-Westphalia. Currently, VfL Gummersbach competes in the Handball-Bundesliga and the DHB-Pokal. The club has seen great success, especially from the late 1960s until the early 1990s.
Kaumakani, Hawaii
Kaumakani (literally, "place in the wind" in the Hawaiian language) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kauaʻi County, Hawaiʻi, United States. The population was 749 at the 2010 census, up from 607 at the 2000 census.

Kauai County, Hawaii
Kauaʻi County (Hawaiian: Kalana o Kauaʻi), officially known as the County of Kauaʻi, is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi. It encompasses the islands  of Kauaʻi, Niʻihau, Lehua, and Kaʻula. According to the 2020 Census, the population was 73,298. The county seat is Līhuʻe.

The Kapaʻa Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Kauaʻi County.
1932–33 NHL transactions
The following is a list of all team-to-team transactions that have occurred in the National Hockey League (NHL) during the 1932–33 NHL season. It lists which team each player has been traded to and for which player(s) or other consideration(s), if applicable.

1932–33 NHL season
The 1932–33 NHL season was the 16th season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Nine teams each played 48 games. The Ottawa Senators rejoined the league after missing one season, while the Detroit team was renamed the Detroit Red Wings. The New York Rangers beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one for the Stanley Cup.
French submarine Inflexible
L'Inflexible (S 615) was the sixth and final of the Redoutable-class SNLE ("Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins", "Nuclear Missile-Launching Submarine") of the Force océanique stratégique (FOST), the submarine nuclear deterrent component of the French Navy.

Construction began on 27 March 1980. The boat was launched on 23 June 1982, commissioned on 1 April 1985 and decommissioned on 14 January 2008.

Strategic Oceanic Force
The Strategic Ocean Force (French: Force océanique stratégique, FOST) is one of two terms that describe the submarine component of the French Navy. Prior to 1999, FOST grouped ballistic missile submarines with a role in France's nuclear deterrent. Since 1999, they have been integrated with the Submarine Forces, which prior to that date was responsible solely for France's attack submarines. The two terms are now used separately, or in combination, for the combined force, which includes both ballistic missile and attack submarines, all of which are nuclear-powered.

The French Strategic Ocean Force Command ALFOST was set up in 1972 under a Squadron Vice-Admiral.
1988 National League Championship Series
The 1988 National League Championship Series was a best-of seven playoff series in Major League Baseball’s 1988 postseason played between the National League West champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the National League East champion New York Mets. The Dodgers won the Series four games to three, en route to defeating the Oakland Athletics in five games in the 1988 World Series.

Roger McDowell
Roger Alan McDowell (born December 21, 1960) is an American former professional baseball right-handed relief pitcher who played in Major League Baseball from 1985 to 1996.  He played for the New York Mets, Philadelphia Phillies and Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League and the Texas Rangers and Baltimore Orioles of the American League.  McDowell was a key component in the 1986 World Series champion New York Mets and was the winning pitcher in the deciding Game 7.  His major league record of decisions was 70 wins and 70 losses. McDowell served as the Atlanta Braves pitching coach from 2006 to 2016. McDowell's family is of Scottish descent.
Tavalwadi
Tavalwadi is a small village situated at Ashti Taluka in Beed District in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Tavalwadi has a population of 1206 people, most of who are engaged in farming. It is famous for Bhaironath Temple. The farmers grown sugar cane, cotton, barley, jowar, wheat, soya bean and vegetables .

Ashti, Beed
Ashti is a city in Beed subdivision of Beed district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Ashti (constituency number 231) is one of the six Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Beed district. It covers the entire Ashti and Patoda tehsils and part of the Shirur tehsil of this district.