hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Defraigne
Jean Pierre Marie Olivier Germain Defraigne (French: [ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ maʁi ɔlivje ʒɛʁmɛ̃ dəfʁɛɲ]; 19 April 1929 – 15 March 2016) was a Belgian liberal politician and minister for the Liberal Reformist Party (PRL).

Liberal Reformist Party (Belgium)
The Liberal Reformist Party (French: Parti Réformateur Libéral, pronounced [paʁti ʁefɔʁmatœʁ libeʁal], PRL) was a liberal political party active in Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium. The PRL grew out of the Francophone part of the unitary liberal Party for Freedom and Progress (PVV-PLP) in 1971 and merged into the Reformist Movement (RM) in 2002.
Richard Pousette-Dart House and Studio
The Richard Pousette-Dart House and Studio is a historic property located northeast of Suffern in Rockland County, New York. The American Craftsman and Bungalow-style, stone building was originally erected c. 1916 as a carriage house for a country estate owned by New York City merchant Henry Potter McKenny. From 1959 to 1992, the structure served as the family home and studio of Richard Pousette-Dart (1916–1992), an American abstract expressionist artist and founding member of the New York School of painting. In 2019, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Richard Pousette-Dart
Richard Warren Pousette-Dart (June 8, 1916 – October 25, 1992) was an American abstract expressionist artist most recognized as a founder of the New York School of painting. His artistic output also includes drawing, sculpture, and fine-art photography.
John Bennet Hearsey
Lieutenant-General Sir John Bennet Hearsey KCB FLS (21 January 1793 – 23 October 1865) was a British military officer who was colonel of the 21st Hussars and of the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry. He was also an amateur naturalist and entomologist and collected a large number of insects from Asia.

21st Lancers
The 21st Lancers (Empress of India's) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1858 and amalgamated with the 17th Lancers in 1922 to form the 17th/21st Lancers. Perhaps its most famous engagement was the Battle of Omdurman, where Winston Churchill (then an officer of the 4th Hussars), rode with the unit.
Larry Gelwix
Larry Gelwix (born (1950-07-25)July 25, 1950 in Oakland, California) has been the coach of the Highland Rugby team since its founding in Salt Lake City in 1976.  The movie Forever Strong (2008) was inspired by him and his team's history. The Highland rugby team has compiled an unrivaled winning record since its founding in 1976.  He also hosts a weekend travel show, heard on KNRS and KNRS-FM in Salt Lake City and syndicated to other radio stations.

Highland High School (Utah)
Highland High School is a high school in Salt Lake City, in the U.S. state of Utah, that opened in 1956 and has a student body of 1,546. It is located at 2166 South 1700 East, next to Sugar House Park, and is part of the Salt Lake City School District. The current principal is Jeremy Chatterton.
Howard Emmett Rogers
Howard Emmett Rogers (1890–1971) was an American screenwriter, playwright, lyricist, and theatre director. As a playwright he wrote the books for three Broadway musicals: The Midnight Rounders of 1920, The Century Revue (1920), and Luana (1930); the latter of which he also directed. He also wrote the lyrics to the 1922 Broadway musical Red Pepper. He was an active anti-communist member of the Screen Writers Guild. He worked for several studios during his career. Two of his last films Calling Bulldog Drummond (1951) and The Hour of 13 (1952) were made by MGM-British.

Red Pepper (musical)
Red Pepper is a musical in two acts with music by Albert Gumble and Owen Murphy, lyrics by Howard Emmett Rogers, and a book by Edgar Smith and Emily Young. Staged on Broadway in 1922 after a premiere in Baltimore in 1921, the musical was created for the comedy duo of McIntyre and Heath, who were famous for their performances in blackface.

Set at a racetrack in Havana, Cuba, and in the Southern United States, Red Pepper takes its title from a race horse who is featured in the musical's storyline. It was one of the earliest musicals to use a musical score rooted in jazz, marking a shift away from operetta and ragtime which had dominated the musical theatre landscape previously in the 1910s and into the early 1920s.
Volinaios
The Volinaios (Greek: Βολιναίος, also Δρεπανέικο Drepaneiko, Latin: Bolinaeus) is a river in the northern part of Achaea, Greece. It empties into the Gulf of Corinth. The river is named after the ancient town of Boline. The river begins in the northern part of the Panachaiko mountains, it flows through the village Drepano where it has water all year round.  The river flows into the Gulf of Corinth near Psathopyrgos.

Bolina (Achaea)
Bolina (Βολίνα) or Boline (Βολίνη) was an ancient city in Achaea, Greece. The city, already ruined when Pausanias visited it in the 2nd century AD, was located near cape Drepanum, near the river Bolinaeus. The name originates from the maiden Bolina, who fled to the sea here and threw herself into it, and by the favour of Apollo became an immortal. Bolina was one of the places where the Patreans took refuge after the defeat of the Achaean League by the Romans.
Double Platinum (Kiss album)
Double Platinum is the first greatest hits album by the American hard rock band Kiss, released in 1978.
Many of the songs on Double Platinum were remixed and differed from their original versions: in the case of "Strutter," it was re-recorded with a slight disco beat and dubbed "Strutter '78." Other songs ("Hard Luck Woman," "Detroit Rock City") had sections completely removed, while the beginning of "Black Diamond" was repeated at the end, fading out at the start of the first verse and giving the song a "wrap around" feel.

The Japanese single release of "Strutter '78" includes a different version to that on the album: faster and shorter, with an altered guitar solo, plus a more prominent hi-hat (cymbal) sound throughout.

Black Diamond (Kiss song)
"Black Diamond" is a song by American hard rock band Kiss, written by rhythm guitarist Paul Stanley. "'Black Diamond' was written almost exactly as it is," he said, "except that the riff wasn't there; Gene [Simmons] brought that part in … It's all about arrangement and embellishment. That's what you're supposed to do in a band: come in and add something. But that doesn't mean you wrote the song."

The song is the closing track on the band's eponymous first album, Kiss, released in 1974. It begins with an acoustic opening sung by Stanley before a furious riff enters, accompanied by Peter Criss on lead vocals. It ends with Ace Frehley's solo, then one chord repeated during a gradual slowing of the tape. The live version is usually sped up in tempo, combined with stage pyrotechnics and a rising drum platform.
Carl Tellefsen
Carl Tellefsen (September 9, 1854 – October 24, 1908) was a Norwegian-American skiing champion and the first leader of the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association.

Carl Tellefsen was born in Trondheim, Norway. Tellefsen was active as a ski jumper and was the first leader of the Trondheim Ski Association (Trondheim Skiløberforening)  and the Trondheim Ski  Club (Trondheim Ski  Klub). He emigrated to America in 1887 and settled in Ishpeming, Michigan in March 1888.

In 1956, Carl Tellefsen was the first person to be accorded Honored Membership in the U.S. National Ski Hall of Fame and Museum for his contributions to the sport of skiing.

Ishpeming, Michigan
Ishpeming (/ˈɪʃpəmɪŋ/ ISH-pə-ming)  is a city in Marquette County, Michigan, United States. Located in the Upper Peninsula, the population was 6,140 at the 2020 census, less than it was in the 1950s and 1960s when the iron ore mines employed more workers. A statue of a Native American figure, erected in 1884 in the small town square, is referred to as Old Ish.

Ishpeming Township is located to the northwest of the city but is administratively autonomous. Ishpeming is considered the birthplace of organized skiing in the United States and is the home to the National Ski Hall of Fame. The city was also prominently featured in the 2010 documentary Catfish.

The name Ishpeming comes from Ojibwa  ishpiming 'above, in the air, on high'.
Murad Machaev
Murad Magomedkhanovich Machaev (Russian: Мурад Магомедханович Мачаев; born December 3, 1986) is a Russian former mixed martial artist, who competed in the  lightweight division for the Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB), Eurasia Fight Nights Global and Bellator MMA veteran, he is the winner of the 2011 Fedor Emelianenko Cup.

Absolute Championship Akhmat
Absolute Championship Akhmat (ACA), formerly known as Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB), is a Russian mixed martial arts, kickboxing, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu organization and one of the leading promotions in Europe. To date, most events have been hosted in Grozny, Chechnya. ACA has also held events in other Russian cities, as well as in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)
"When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)" is a single released by the Scottish group Deacon Blue in 1987 and in 1988. The song features prominent backing vocals from members of R&B group Londonbeat. It was the very first song to be played on Radio Luxembourg after it went satellite at 3AM on 30 December 1991. The video for the song was directed by John Scarlett-Davis and produced by Nick Verden for Radar Films.

In an interview given to the Daily Record in 2012, songwriter Ricky Ross explained that "It’s so hard to remember. I think that song is actually about waiting to be discovered, spurred on by the unrequited love of an old girlfriend".

Londonbeat
Londonbeat are a British dance-pop band who scored a number of pop and dance hits in the early 1990s. They currently consist of vocalists Jimmy Helms, Jimmy Chambers, and Charles Pierre. Former members include multi-instrumentalist William Henshall, George Chandler, Marc Goldschmitz, and Myles Kayne. As of 2026, the band has released six studio albums and numerous compilations.
Rad (film)
Rad (international title: Hell Track) is a 1986 American sports film directed by Hal Needham from a screenplay by Sam Bernard and Geoffrey Edwards (son of Pink Panther creator Blake Edwards). The film stars Bill Allen, Lori Loughlin, Talia Shire, Jack Weston and Ray Walston, along with 1984 Olympic gymnastics champion Bart Conner.

The film under-performed at the box office, grossing $2 million against a budget of $3 million, and received mixed reviews from critics.

Bart Conner
Barthold Wayne Conner (born March 28, 1958) is a retired American Olympic gymnast. He was a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team and won two gold medals at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He owns and operates the Bart Conner Gymnastics Academy in Norman, Oklahoma, along with his wife, Romanian Olympic gold medalist Nadia Comăneci. In addition, Conner is a long-time gymnastics commentator, and both Comăneci and Conner are highly involved with the Special Olympics.
Fürstenland
Fürstenland or Alte Landschaft is the name of a historic territory of the Swiss canton of St. Gallen, corresponding to the modern districts of St. Gallen (without the city proper), Wil and Rorschach.
It was a subject territory of the Abbey of St. Gallen until 1798.
Its population, known as the Gotteshausleute, came into conflict with the Abbey after the Swiss Reformation, during 1525–1531.
After the defeat of Zürich in the Second War of Kappel, the Fürstenland was forced to return to Catholicism.
After the French Revolution, the territory was granted increased autonomy in a treaty of 1795, and in 1797 additionally its own seal and the right to elect a local parliament.
On 14 February 1798, it constituted itself as a "Free Republic" (Freie Republik der Landschaft St. Gallen), which was absorbed into the Canton of Säntis three months later.

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
UEFA Euro 1988
The 1988 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in West Germany from 10 to 25 June 1988. It was the eighth UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and supported by UEFA. France were the defending champions, but failed to qualify. The tournament crowned the Netherlands as European champions for the first time.

Euro 1988 was a rare instance of a major football tournament ending without a single sending-off or goalless draw, nor any knockout matches going to extra time or penalties. This was the final European Championship to feature teams from West Germany and the Soviet Union, as the West and East Germans reunified to become Germany in 1990, and the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 countries in 1991.

Flemming Povlsen
Flemming Søgaard Povlsen (born 3 December 1966) is a Danish football pundit and former professional footballer who played as a striker. Born in Aarhus and a youth product of Viby IF, Povlsen also played in The Netherlands, Spain and Germany, until a knee injury forced him to retire, at only 28 years of age. Before the injury, Povlsen rose to prominence at FC Cologne, before settling at Borussia Dortmund, with whom he won the 1995 Bundesliga and played the final half of his career. At an international level, he was among the profiles on the Denmark squad that won the 1992 UEFA European Football Championship.
Giselbert II of Roussillon
Giselbert II (Spanish: Guislaberto, Catalan: Guislabert) (died 1102) was the count of Roussillon from the death of his father, Gausfred II, in 1074 until his own death. His mother was Adelaide.

In 1040, he participated in his father's sack of Ampurias. He himself had a peace treaty with Ponç I of Ampurias that lasted from 1075 to 1085. In 1082, he fought alongside Count Hugh II of Empúries at the battle of Almenar.

He married Estefania and was succeeded by his son Girard.

Battle of Almenar (1082)
The battle of Almenar was fought in the spring or summer of 1082 between the taifa kingdom of Zaragoza and the taifa kingdom of Lleida. The Zaragozan army under El Cid defeated the Lleidan army and its Catalan allies, thus relieving a siege of Almenar. Count Berenguer Ramon II of Barcelona was taken captive, but was soon released.
Shame (The Motels song)
"Shame" is a song by American new wave band The Motels, which was released in 1985 as the lead single from their fifth studio album Shock. The song was written by Martha Davis and produced by Richie Zito. "Shame" peaked at number 21 on the US Billboard Hot 100.

The Motels
The Motels are an American new wave band from Berkeley, California, that is best known for the singles "Only the Lonely" and "Suddenly Last Summer", each of which peaked at No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100, in 1982 and 1983, respectively. In 1980, The Motels' song "Total Control" reached No. 7 on the Australian chart (for two weeks), and their song "Danger" reached No. 15 on the French chart.

Martha Davis, the lead singer, reformed a version of the band called "The Motels featuring Martha Davis" in 1998 and toured under that name with various lineups of musicians.  Since 2013, they have been billed as Martha Davis and The Motels.
Going up and going down
In commutative algebra, a branch of mathematics, going up and going down are terms which refer to certain properties of chains of prime ideals in integral extensions.

The phrase going up refers to the case when a chain can be extended by "upward inclusion", while going down refers to the case when a chain can be extended by "downward inclusion".

The major results are the Cohen–Seidenberg theorems, which were proved by Irvin S. Cohen and Abraham Seidenberg. These are known as the going-up and going-down theorems.

Irvin Cohen
Irvin Sol Cohen (1917 – February 14, 1955) was an American mathematician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who worked on local rings. He was a student of Oscar Zariski at Johns Hopkins University.

In his thesis he proved the Cohen structure theorem for complete Noetherian local rings. In 1946 he proved the unmixedness theorem for power series rings. As a result, Cohen–Macaulay rings are named after him and Francis Sowerby Macaulay.  In 1950, he proved that a commutative ring whose prime ideals are all finitely generated is a Noetherian ring.

Cohen and Abraham Seidenberg published their Cohen–Seidenberg theorems, also known as the going-up and going-down theorems. He also coauthored articles with Irving Kaplansky.  One of his doctoral students was R. Duncan Luce.
Route 436 (Israel–Palestine)
Route 436 is a regional arterial road in Israel and the West Bank between Jerusalem and Givat Ze'ev. The southern portion begins as a major urban artery in Jerusalem's predominantly Hareidi neighborhoods leading to Highway 50 (Begin Boulevard), to Highway 1 and to the northern neighborhood of Ramot. Further north, the road runs alongside portions of Israel's West Bank Barrier as it approaches Givat Ze'ev. It crosses Route 443 to the Tel Aviv area and Highway 45 to Atarot and ends at the Beitunia section of the security barrier. The speed limit begins at 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) along its urban section becoming 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph) as it passes through Ramot and then becoming 90 km/h as it leaves the Jerusalem municipality northwards. The road officially ends at the Beitunya cargo transfer terminal.

Ramot, East Jerusalem
Ramot (Hebrew: רָמוֹת, lit. 'Heights'), also known as Ramot Alon (Hebrew: רמות אלון), is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in East Jerusalem. Ramot was founded in 1974 as one of Jerusalem's so-called "Ring settlements", considered illegal under international law. In 2020, Ramot had a population of 50,400 of which 75% consists of Haredi Jews.
Clive Nolan
Clive Nolan (born 30 June 1961) is a British musician, composer and producer who has played a prominent role in the development of progressive rock. He has been the regular keyboard player in Pendragon (1986–present), Shadowland (1992–present), Strangers on a Train (1993–1994) and Arena (1995–present), as well as writing lyrics for Arena and producing or co-producing several other bands' albums.

Pendragon (band)
Pendragon are an English neo-prog band established in 1978 in Stroud, Gloucestershire as Zeus Pendragon by guitarist and vocalist Nick Barrett. The word Zeus was dropped before the band started recording, as the members decided it was too long to look good on a T-shirt. There were a few personnel changes in the early days, but since 1986 the lineup has remained relatively stable (with only the drummer changing several times since then) and the band are still active as of 2025.
The Snow Queen (1986 film)
The Snow Queen (Finnish: Lumikuningatar) is a 1986 Finnish fantasy film directed by Päivi Hartzell, based on the eponymous 1844 fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. It was an exceptionally large film production at the time it was made in Finland, with a total cost of more than 6 million Finnish marks. The Finnish Film Foundation participated in the financing of the film with 2,885,000 Finnish marks.

The film was selected as the Finnish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

The Snow Queen
"The Snow Queen" (Danish: Snedronningen) is an 1844 original fairy tale by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen. It was first published 21 December 1844 in New Fairy Tales. First Volume. Second Collection (Nye Eventyr. Første Bind. Anden Samling). The story centers on the struggle between good and evil as experienced by Gerda and her friend, Kai. The Snow Queen is written in a novel-styled narrative and divided into seven chapters, unlike Andersen's other stories.

The story is one of Andersen's longest and most highly acclaimed stories. It is regularly included in selected tales and collections of his work and is frequently reprinted in illustrated storybook editions for children.
Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia
Section 44 of the Australian Constitution lists the grounds for disqualification on who may become a candidate for election to the Parliament of Australia. It has generally arisen for consideration by the High Court sitting in its capacity as the Court of Disputed Returns.

It has been reviewed several times, but has not been amended.  Following several disqualifications under sub-section 44(i), in particular the 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis, in which several high-profile politicians were forced to resign, a new review of the whole section was instituted on 28 November 2017.

Robert Wood (Australian politician)
William Robert Wood (born 13 November 1949) is a British-born Australian who has campaigned on peace and justice issues. He was elected to the Australian Parliament in the 1987 elections as Senator for New South Wales, however the High Court subsequently declared his election was invalid as he was not an Australian citizen at the time.
Ali Suefi
Ali Mohamed es-Suefi (fl. 1890–1938) was an Egyptian archaeologist. He worked with William Flinders Petrie starting in 1890 and for several decades played a crucial role in numerous archaeological projects across Egypt, often serving as the head overseer (reis) of the Egyptian workforce. Petrie referred to him as his "best lad".

Suefi's archaeological career began at the excavations at Meidum in 1890, near his home village of Lahun in the Faiyum region, where he also worked as a farmer and fisherman.

A 1937 painting titled The house of reis Ali es Suefi and his family at Armant by Vahram Manavyan was donated by Margaret Stefana Drower to the Egypt Exploration Society in 2004.

Artifacts he discovered or helped dig can be found predominantly at the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology in London. Additional information about Suefi's contributions to Egyptian archaeology were added to the Petrie Museum's entrance gallery during renovations in 2019.

Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
The Petrie Museum of Egyptian and Sudanese Archaeology in London is part of University College London Museums and Collections. The museum contains over 80,000 objects, making it one of the world's largest collections of Egyptian and Sudanese material. It is designated under the Arts Council England Designation Scheme as being of "national and international importance".
Abdul Hamid Jumat
Tengku Abdul Hamid bin Tengku Jumat (Jawi: عبدالحميد بن جومت; 12 April 1917 – 16 April 1978) was a Malaysian politician and diplomat who served as Deputy Chief Minister of Singapore between 1956 and 1959. Prior to his appointment as Deputy Chief Minister, he served as Minister of Local Government, Lands and Housing between 1955 and 1959. He is also the founder of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Singapore.

Order of the Defender of the Realm
The Most Esteemed Order of the Defender of the Realm (Malay: Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara) is a Malaysian federal award presented for meritorious service to the country.  The Order Motto are 'Dipeliharakan Allah-Pangkuan Negara' (lit. 'By the Grace of God-Defender of the Realm').

The order was instituted on 6 August 1958 and initially had the five highest ranks. The medal was added on 19 August 1960.