hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Urdu Science Board
Urdu Science Board (abbreviated as USB) is an academic and literary institution in Pakistan that operates under the National Heritage and Culture Division, Government of Pakistan. It aims to promote scientific and technical knowledge in Urdu language through the publication of books and journals.

National Heritage and Culture Division (Pakistan)
The National Heritage and Culture Division is responsible for the promotion of various facets of culture, including architecture, cinema (films), dance, folklore, literature (Mushaira), music, philosophy, textiles, and theatre. It oversees the implementation and enforcement of cultural policies and activities throughout the country. While many of its functions have been devolved to provincial governments in Pakistan, several institutes continue to operate under its federal oversight.
Gyanesh Kumar
Gyanesh Kumar  (born 27 January 1964) is the current  chief election commissioner of India, and the first to be appointed under the Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023. He has previously served as an election commissioner and as an IAS officer. He came under scrutiny during the 2025 Indian electoral controversy, where the Election Commission of India (ECI) was accused of collusion with the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and of having engaged in electoral fraud in the 2024 Indian general election.

In December 2025, Gyanesh Kumar become the chaiman of the council of member states of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) for 2026. He assumed the role during his visit of Stockholm, Sweden on the 3 December 2025.

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) is an intergovernmental organization that works to support and strengthen democratic institutions and processes around the world, to develop sustainable, effective and legitimate democracies. It has regional offices in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific, Africa and West Asia, and North America. The organization is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden.

Kevin Casas Zamora is the secretary-general as of August 2019. Previously, Casas Zamora was Costa Rica's second Vice President and Minister of National Planning. Yves Leterme, former deputy secretary-general at the OECD and former Prime Minister of Belgium, was the previous secretary-general from 2014 to 2019. Leterme replaced Vidar Helgesen.

International IDEA is an official United Nations Observer.
Origin of the Armenians
The origin of the Armenians is a topic concerned with the emergence of the Armenian people and the country called Armenia. The earliest universally accepted reference to the people and the country dates back to the 6th century BC Behistun Inscription, followed by several Greek fragments and books. The earliest known reference to a geopolitical entity where Armenians originated from is dated to the 13th century BC as Uruatri in Old Assyrian. Historians and Armenologists have speculated about the earlier origin of the Armenian people, but no consensus has been achieved as of yet. Genetic studies show that Armenian people are indigenous to historical Armenia, showing little to no signs of admixture since around the 13th century BC.

Etiuni
Etiuni (other names Etiuḫi, Etiu, Etio) was the name of an early Iron Age tribal confederation in northern parts of Araxes River, roughly corresponding to the subsequent Ayrarat Province of the Kingdom of Armenia.: 50  Etiuni was frequently mentioned in the records of Urartian kings, who led numerous campaigns into Etiuni territory. It is very likely it was the "Etuna" or "Etina" which contributed to the fall of Urartu, according to Assyrian texts.: 51  Some scholars believe it had an Armenian-speaking population.: 49–53
Madhukhali Upazila
Madhukhali (Bengali: মধুখালী) is an upazila of Faridpur District in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. Mathurapur village in Madhukhali has the 16th century ancient Mathurapur Deul and one of the 15 Sugar mills in Bangladesh.

Mathurapur Deul
Mathurapur Deul (Bengali: মথুরাপুর দেউল) is a monastery located in Mathurapur village of Madhukhali Upazila in Faridpur, Bangladesh. The structure is believed to have been built around the 16th century, but some speculate that it is a seventeenth-century building. In 2014, Mathurapur Deul was listed as a World Heritage Site by the Directorate of Archeology of Bangladesh.
Hard Landing (novel)
Hard Landing is a 2004 thriller novel by British author Stephen Leather. Published in 2004 by Hodder & Stoughton, it is the first book in the Dan ‘Spider’ Shepherd series. Hard Landing is an international bestseller and is available in ebook and paperback.

Stephen Leather
Stephen Leather (born 25 October 1956) is a British thriller author whose works are published by Hodder & Stoughton. He has written for television shows such as London's Burning, The Knock, and the BBC's Murder in Mind series. He is one of the top selling Amazon Kindle authors, the second bestselling UK author worldwide on Kindle in 2011.
Hello Brother (1999 film)
Hello Brother is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language romantic fantasy comedy action film written and directed by Sohail Khan. It stars Khan's real-life elder brothers Salman Khan and Arbaaz Khan with Rani Mukerji and Shakti Kapoor. The film is an adaptation of 1992 Malayalam film Aayushkalam (itself adapted from the 1990 American films Ghost and Heart Condition).

Sohail Khan
Sohail Salim Khan (born 20 December 1969) is an Indian actor and producer who works mainly in Hindi cinema. He is the younger brother of actors Salman Khan and Arbaaz Khan. He has an elder sister, Alvira Khan Agnihotri. He produces films under his banner Sohail Khan Productions.
Tony Karon
Tony Karon is a South African-born journalist and former anti-apartheid activist. He became a senior online executive producer for Al Jazeera America in 2013.  He was formerly the Senior Editor at Time.com.

Karon grew up Jewish in South Africa and identified as a Zionist. He moved to New York City in 1993. He studied at the University of Cape Town, and in the 1980s, he was a prominent anti-apartheid activist in student movement NUSAS.

He joined TIME Magazine in 1997, and was a senior editor for close to 20 years, providing commentary on world affairs. He had previously worked as an activist for the banned African National Congress in South Africa. In April 2013, he was employed as a senior online executive producer of Al Jazeera's new all-digital video channel, AJ+.

National Union of South African Students
The National Union of South African Students (NUSAS) was an important force for liberalism and later radicalism in South African student anti-apartheid politics. Its mottos included non-racialism and non-sexism.
Boar hunting
Boar hunting is the practice of hunting wild boar, feral pigs, warthogs, and peccaries. Boar hunting was historically a dangerous exercise due to the tusked animal's ambush tactics as well as its thick hide and dense bones rendering them difficult to kill with premodern weapons.

Feral pig
A feral pig is a domestic pig which has gone feral, meaning it lives in the wild. The term feral pig has also been applied to wild boars, which can interbreed with domestic pigs. They are found mostly in the Americas and Australia. Razorback and wild hog are sometimes used in the United States in reference to feral pigs or boar–pig hybrids.
Dennis Owchar
Dennis Owchar (born March 28, 1953) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played 288 games in the National Hockey League. He was born in Dryden, Ontario. He played with the Pittsburgh Penguins and Colorado Rockies.

Dryden, Ontario
Dryden is the second-largest city in the Kenora District of northwestern Ontario, Canada, located on Wabigoon Lake. It is the least populous community in Ontario incorporated as a city. The City of Dryden had a population of 7,388 and its population centre (urban area) had a population of 5,355 in 2021.

Dryden was incorporated as a town in 1910 and as a city in 1998. The main industries in Dryden include manufacturing (particularly pulp and paper), renewable energy (including bioenergy and solar energy), and service. Dryden is located on Ontario's Highway 17, which forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway. It is situated halfway between the larger cities of Winnipeg and Thunder Bay.
Thun und Hohenstein family
The House of Thun und Hohenstein, also known as Thun-Hohenstein, belonged to the historical Austrian and later Bohemian nobility. There is one princely and several comital branches of the family. The princely branch of the family lived at Děčín (German: Tetschen) in Bohemia for more than 200 years. The family maintained an expansive library, including two important albums depicting artistically and technologically innovative armour made for the Habsburg court during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Benátky nad Jizerou
Benátky nad Jizerou (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbɛnaːtkɪ nad ˈjɪzɛrou]; German: Benatek) is a town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,900 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Dimitri Zaitz
Dimitri Zaitz (November 7, 1917 – January 26, 1996) was an American athlete. He competed in the men's shot put at the 1936 Summer Olympics. As a member of the Boston College Eagles track and field team, he competed in the 1935 and 1937 NCAA Track and Field Championships.

1937 NCAA Track and Field Championships
The 1937 NCAA Track and Field Championships was the 16th NCAA track and field championship.  The event was held at Berkeley, California in June 1937.  The University of Southern California won its second consecutive team championship.
Totò Sapore e la magica storia della pizza
Totò Sapore e la magica storia della pizza (English: Totò Sapore and the Magical Story of Pizza) is a 2003 Italian animated film, with some dialogues made in Neapolitan, directed by Maurizio Forestieri and distributed by Medusa Film and Lanterna Magica.
The film is loosely based on the novel Il cuoco prigioniero (The Prisoner Cook) by Roberto Piumini and Edoardo Porcaro.

Roberto Piumini
Roberto Piumini (born 14 March 1947) is an Italian writer, known particularly for his children's stories.

Born in the town of Edolo in Lombardy, Piumini graduated with a degree in pedagogy from the Università Cattolica in Milan. His first book, Il giovane che entrava nel palazzo, won the first edition of the Cento Prize for children's books, chaired by author Gianni Rodari. During his long and prolific career he has written stories and poetry for readers of all ages and has been awarded numerous prizes. He is regarded as one of Italy's "most beloved children's authors".
Waitakere United
Waitakere United was a football club based in Waitakere City, New Zealand. They were one of the franchises in the ISPS Handa Premiership. They played their home games at Fred Taylor Park in Kumeū and The Trusts Arena.

Fred Taylor Park
Fred Taylor Park is an association football ground based in Whenuapai, Auckland. It is currently the home ground of West Coast Rangers and Auckland FC Reserves. It was also the home to Waitakere City F.C. and Waitakere United before those clubs dissolved in 2020 and 2021 respectively.

36°48′00″S 174°35′45″E﻿ / ﻿36.8001°S 174.5957°E﻿ / -36.8001; 174.5957
Hemihoplites
Hemihoplites is an extinct genus of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the family Hemihoplitidae. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived in the Cretaceous period, from the Hauterivian age to the Barremian age.

Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.
George Parsons (ice hockey)
George Henry Parsons (June 28, 1914 – June 30, 1998) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 64 games with the Toronto Maple Leafs. Parsons suffered a career-ending eye injury in 1939, forcing him to retire from the National Hockey League. Parsons later became involved with CCM hockey and the development of hockey helmets and facial protection. The George Parsons Trophy is given annually to the player judged to be the most sportsmanlike at the Memorial Cup tournament.

Hockey helmet
A hockey helmet is worn by players of ice hockey, inline hockey, and bandy to help protect the head from potential injury when hit by the puck, sticks, skates, boards, other players, or the ice. The shell of a hockey helmet is generally made of a substance called vinyl nitrile that disperses force from the point of contact, while the liner may be made of either vinyl nitrile foam, expanded polypropylene foam, or other material to absorb the energy, to reduce the chances of concussion. Hockey helmets grip the head from inside by cupping the back of head, or the occipital protuberance. Helmet manufacturers will have a chart that relates their helmet sizes to head measurements. On older models, the helmet size is adjusted by loosening the screws on the side to slide the front portion forward or back.
Refresh, Refresh
"Refresh, Refresh" is a short story written by American author Benjamin Percy.  The story concerns the effects of the war in Iraq on two boys in a small town in Oregon where a Marine reserve battalion is based.  Many of the men in the town, including their fathers, are fighting in Iraq during the story.

Refresh, Refresh was originally published in The Paris Review.  The story won the Pushcart Prize for 2006 and was included in the anthology of short stories, Best American Short Stories 2006 (2006 editor Ann Patchett).

A collection of the same name, featuring the title story along with others, was published in 2007 by Graywolf Press.

The story was also the inspiration behind Danica Novgorodoff's graphic novel (adapted from the screenplay by James Ponsoldt).

Danica Novgorodoff
Danica Novgorodoff is a graphic novelist, painter, illustrator, graphic designer, and writer from Brooklyn, New York and Louisville, Kentucky. She was awarded a 2015 New York Foundation for the Arts fellowship in Literature, was named Sarabande Books’ 2016 writer in residence, and received a 2020 Café Royal Cultural Foundation grant in literature. Her art and writing have been published in MoMA Magazine, Best American Comics, The Believer, Artforum, Esquire, VQR, Slate, Orion, Seneca Review, Ecotone Journal, The Arkansas International, and others.
John Nevin Sayre
John Nevin Sayre (February 4, 1884 – September 13, 1977) was an American Episcopal priest, peace activist, and author. He was an active member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) and helped found the Episcopal Pacifist Fellowship (now the Episcopal Peace Fellowship). The US State Department official Francis Bowes Sayre Sr. was his brother.

Episcopal Peace Fellowship
The Episcopal Peace Fellowship (EPF) is an American peace organization composed of members of the Episcopal Church.

It has EIN 20-0351555 as a 501(c)(3) Public Charity; in 2024 it reported total revenue of $93,804 and total assets of $181,965.
William McInnes
Darrell William McInnes (born 10 September 1963) is an Australian film and television actor and writer. He is best known for his roles as Senior Constable Nick Schultz in Blue Heelers, as Max Connors in SeaChange, and more recently as TV boss Lindsay Cunningham in The Newsreader and Dr. Roy Penrose in NCIS: Sydney.

The Newsreader
The Newsreader is an Australian television drama series created by Michael Lucas and broadcast on ABC Television, starring Anna Torv and Sam Reid. The show explores the personal and professional lives of the journalists and crew in a 1980s Australian newsroom.

The first season premiered on 15 August 2021 and became the ABC's most-viewed drama program of that year. The second season premiered in September 2023. Each season was met with critical acclaim and received the most nominations of any show or film at the AACTA Awards in 2021 and 2023. The third and final season was released on 2 February 2025 on ABC iView.
St Martin's Church, Gospel Oak
St Martin's Church is a Church of England church in Gospel Oak in London, England. Located on Vicars Road, the church building is Grade I listed. The church was built between 1864 and 1866 to a curious-looking design by Edward Buckton Lamb and was discussed by John Summerson in his Victorian Architecture in England. The church was built at the personal cost of John Derby Allcroft to commemorate his late wife. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described it as "the craziest of London’s Victorian churches".

The tower is most notable for its pinnacles, which make it resemble a fairy-tale castle. These pinnacles were removed due to bomb damage in World War II, but were restored in works finishing in 2015.

Edward Buckton Lamb
Edward Buckton Lamb (1806–1869) was a British architect who exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1824. Lamb was labelled a 'Rogue Gothic Revivalist', and his designs were roundly criticised for breaking with convention,  especially by The Ecclesiologist. More recently Nikolaus Pevsner called him "the most original though certainly not the most accomplished architect of his day".
The Word Is Out (song)
"The Word Is Out" is a song by American singer Jermaine Stewart, which was released in 1984 as the lead single from his debut studio album The Word Is Out. The song was written by Stewart, Julian Lindsay and Greg Craig, and produced by Peter Collins. "The Word Is Out" peaked at No. 41 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in March 1985.

Jermaine Stewart
William Jermaine Stewart (September 7, 1957 – March 17, 1997) was an American R&B singer, best known for his 1986 hit single "We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off", which peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. It also peaked within the top ten of the charts in Canada (at number two), Ireland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. His 1987 song "Say It Again" reached number seven in the United Kingdom.
Jean-Baptiste Le Paon
Jean-Baptiste Le Paon (1736/1738 - 1785) was a French painter and onetime military man known for his works depicting military battle scenes.

Through his uncle he was able to study under the Venetian painter of battle scenes Francesco Casanova.

He later became the principal painter to the war hero Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé and adorned the Palais Bourbon which the royal had purchased with battle scenes.

The Lafayette Memorial at Prospect Park in Brooklyn, New York City was executed according to the painting of the Marquis, Lafayette at Yorktown created by Le Paon. The aforementioned painting is now in the permanent collection of Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania.

Works by Le Paon

Lafayette at Yorktown, circa 1783-1785 (Lafayette College)

The Prince of Nassau and the Chevalier d'Oraison combating a jaguar on the coast of Argentina, 1784

Lafayette Memorial
The Lafayette Memorial is a public memorial located in Brooklyn's Prospect Park in New York City. The memorial, designed by sculptor Daniel Chester French and architect Henry Bacon, was dedicated in 1917 and consists of a bas-relief of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette alongside a groom (speculated by some historians to be James Armistead Lafayette) and a horse.
First Croatian Savings Bank
The First Croatian Savings Bank (Croatian: Prva hrvatska štedionica, German: Erste kroatische Sparkasse) was a significant Croatian bank headquartered in Zagreb. The bank was founded in 1846 and liquidated in 1945.

It has been described as "the first modern credit institution in Zagreb" and "one of the most significant financial institutions in Croatia's banking history".: 33

First National Savings Bank of Pest
The First National Savings Bank of Pest (PHET) (Hungarian: Pesti Hazai Első Takarékpénztár), sometimes translated as First Domestic Savings Bank or referred to simply as First Savings Bank, was a major Hungarian bank that was established in 1839–1840 and was eventually nationalized in 1948, together with its universal banking affiliate Hazai Bank, established in 1895.

It was one of the three largest banks in Hungary in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, together with the Hungarian Commercial Bank of Pest and the Hungarian General Credit Bank.: 147–148
Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence
The physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence spans from its original drafting in 1776 into the discovery of historical documents in the 21st century. This includes a number of drafts, handwritten copies, and published broadsides. The Declaration of Independence states that the Thirteen Colonies were now the "United Colonies" which "are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States"; and were no longer a part of the British Empire.

John Dunlap
John Dunlap (21 August 1746 – 27 November 1812) was an early American printer who emigrated from Ulster, Ireland and who printed the first copies of the United States Declaration of Independence and was one of the most successful Irish/American printers of his era. He served in the Continental Army under George Washington during the American Revolutionary War.
Beauchief Gardens
Beauchief Gardens is a small area of formal parkland in south-west Sheffield. The gardens lie between Abbeydale Road South to the north-west, the River Sheaf and the railway line to the south and Beauchief Dam to the east. The gardens were donated to the city by the J. G. Graves Trust in 1935, following the earlier donation, two years previously, of Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet (immediately downstream). The gardens had always been well kept and had their own gardener. The level of care had declined until the 1990s, when the Friends of Millhouses Park accepted the challenge of restoring the gardens. Clean-up events were organised in November 2004 and March 2005 to bring back the gardens to an acceptable level, which is the state the gardens are in now.

The gardens are a formal and neat grassed area, planted with coniferous trees and with the Limb Brook running through. The stream traverses the gardens and fills up Beauchief Dam.

Limb Brook
53°21′00″N 1°33′54″W﻿ / ﻿53.350°N 1.565°W﻿ / 53.350; -1.565

The Limb Brook is a stream in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It rises at the village of Ringinglow, flowing east through Whirlow and Ecclesall Woods into Abbeydale in the Beauchief area, where it merges with the River Sheaf. Near this point part of the stream has been diverted to provide the goit for the Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet millpond, and this channel flows through what is now Beauchief Gardens.