hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerard Salton
Gerard A. "Gerry" Salton (8 March 1927 – 28 August 1995) was a professor of computer science at Cornell University. Salton was perhaps the leading computer scientist working in the field of information retrieval during his time, and "the father of Information Retrieval".  His group at Cornell developed the SMART Information Retrieval System, which he initiated when he was at Harvard. It was the first system to use the now popular vector space model for information retrieval.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Chen Xianhui
Chen Xianhui (Chinese: 陈仙辉; pinyin: Chén Xīanhuī; born March 8, 1963) is a Chinese physicist. He is a Changjiang professor of physics of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 2015 and is known for his breakthroughs on iron-based superconductors. He won the State Natural Science Award (First Class) with Zhao Zhongxian and others in 2013 and the Bernd T. Matthias Prize for Superconducting Materials in 2015. His research is mainly on experimental condensed matter physics and materials science. In 2016, he became a laureate of the Asian Scientist 100 by the Asian Scientist.

State Natural Science Award (China)
The State Natural Science Award (simplified Chinese: 国家自然科学奖; traditional Chinese: 國家自然科學獎; pinyin: Guójiā Zìrán Kēxué Jiǎng), or the "National Natural Science Award", is one of the State Science and Technology Prizes of the People's Republic of China. Awarded achievements are approved and granted by the State Council of China.

The State Natural Science Award is awarded to Chinese citizens who have made significant scientific discoveries in basic research and applied basic research in mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth sciences, life sciences, information, materials, and engineering technology, etc., elucidating natural phenomena, characteristics, and laws.
Since 2000, the State Natural Science Award only has two award grades: First Prize and Second Prize. The First Prize was the highest award in the field of natural sciences in China, before the Highest Science and Technology Award was established in 2000.
Pride of Britain Awards
The Pride of Britain Awards is an annual award ceremony which has taken place in the United Kingdom since May 1999 and first televised on ITV in April 2000.

The awards honour British people who have acted bravely or extraordinarily in challenging situations and have been presented solely by Carol Vorderman since 1999, and co-presented by Ashley Banjo since 2021. Banjo had previously featured as the show's "roving reporter".

Christine Lampard
Christine Louise Lampard (née Bleakley, born 2 February 1979) is a Northern Irish television presenter. She has presented various television programmes with Adrian Chiles, such as The One Show (2007–2010) and Daybreak (2010–2011), while with Phillip Schofield she has presented Dancing on Ice (2012–2014) and This Morning (2013–2016, 2023, 2025). Lampard has also presented factual series for ITV including Off The Beaten Track (2013) and Wild Ireland (2015). Since 2016 she has been a presenter of the ITV lunchtime chat show Loose Women.
Botanical specimen
A botanical specimen, also called a plant specimen, is a biological specimen of a plant (or part of a plant) used for scientific purposes. Preserved collections of algae, fungi, slime molds, and other organisms traditionally studied by botanists are also considered to be botanical specimens. Plant specimens are usually preserved by drying and pressing using a basic technique that is more than 500 years old. Other examples of preserved specimens include loose seeds, wood sections, and microscope slides. A facility devoted to the curation of a collection of botanical specimens is known as a herbarium.

A person who gathers botanical specimens is called a botanical collector (or plant collector). Plant collecting is an essential botanical activity with a very long history. Some plant science journals require botanical specimens as a condition for publication of articles.

Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research, education, or diagnostics. Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the specimen. When biological specimens are stored, ideally they remain equivalent to freshly-collected specimens for the purposes of research.

Human biological specimens are stored in a type of biorepository called a biobank, and the science of preserving biological specimens is most active in the field of biobanking.
The Choir Invisible
The Choir Invisible is a  novel by James Lane Allen published in 1897.  A bestseller, it was the second-best selling book in the United States for 1897.

A poignant love story, it is set in Kentucky in 1795 and begins with a portion of the poem "The Choir Invisible" by George Eliot. Although criticized for lacking depth, being full of digressions, and "artistically disappointing", it was his most popular novel. An 1897 review in The Atlantic Monthly faulted the book for its "meagre" structure, yet praised its tone and style. The book is often regarded as Allen's best work.

The novel was developed from a novelette Allen published in 1893 titled "John Gray: A Kentucky Tale of the Olden Time".

Bookman list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1890s
This is a list of bestselling novels in the United States from 1895 through 1899, as determined by The Bookman, a New York–based literary journal.  Without the international copyright law which came into force in 1891, these volumes could have been printed and published by anyone, the change in this state of affairs made it possible to compile accurate sales figures.

Notable attempts to compile a list of best-selling books in the United States prior to 1895 include The Popular Book: A History of America's Literary Taste (1950) by James D. Hart.
Montepiano
Montepiano is a village built in a pass in the Apennine Mountains at 800 m above sea level in the municipality of Vernio in the Italian region of Tuscany. The village has a population of 600, but due to tourism the population triples during the summer. It is common for people living in the nearby city of Prato to have summer homes in Montepiano.

Vernio
Vernio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Prato in the region of Tuscany in Italy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Florence and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Prato. It has 6,158 inhabitants.
Nidhi Uttam
Nidhi Uttam Pathak is an Indian television and film actress known for portraying Nandini Singhania Chauhan in Star Plus's longest-running Indian soap, Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai. She has also acted in Kasautii Zindagii Kay, Ek Boond Ishq, Dil Boley Oberoi and Aghori. In 2020, she made her film debut with Anubhav Sinha's social film, Thappad. In 2023 Nidhi appeared as main lead in movie Chaar Lugai

Aghori (TV series)
Aghori is an Indian television series that is produced by Essel Vision Productions. It was aired from 22 June to 29 September 2019 on Zee TV and starred Simaran Kaur, Parag Tyagi and Gaurav Chopra as Kamakshi, Rudranath and Advik.
Laurie Rowley (writer)
Laurence Peter Rowley, better known as Laurie Rowley (30 July 1941 – 16 August 2009) was an English comedy writer. He is most famous as a sketch writer, working on shows such as The Two Ronnies and Not the Nine O'Clock News, for which he wrote the "Darts" sketch, which satirised the heavy drinking habits of darts players at the time.

The Two Ronnies
The Two Ronnies is a British television comedy sketch show starring Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett. It was created by Bill Cotton and aired on BBC Television from 10 April 1971 to 25 December 1987.

The usual format included sketches, solo sections, serial stories, and musical finales. Their Four Candles sketch, first broadcast on 18 September 1976, was voted their funniest sketch in a television poll. In 2006, the British public ranked the duo number 6 in ITV's poll of TV's 50 Greatest Stars.
Inverness (provincial electoral district)
Inverness is a provincial electoral district on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

Initially created with the name "Juste-au-Corps", the electoral district of Inverness has existed in various forms since 1836. The name was changed to Inverness after lobbying by William Young.  It existed continuously as Inverness County until 1981 when it was divided into Inverness North and Inverness South. It was re-formed in 1993.

Following the 2012 redistribution, the district lost the Town of Port Hawkesbury to the new district of Cape Breton-Richmond.

Inverness North
Inverness North was a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elected one member to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. It was formed in 1981 when the former district of Inverness County was divided into Inverness North and Inverness South. It existed until 1993, when the boundaries were reformed to create the current provincial district of Inverness and the former district of Guysborough-Port Hawkesbury.
Wheelchairs for Kids
Wheelchairs for Kids is a charity based in Perth, Western Australia. Wheelchairs for Kids manufactures rough terrain children's wheelchairs, donating them to children around the world. As of February 2015 they have manufactured and donated 30,000 such wheelchairs.

Wheelchairs for Kids was founded in 1998 with the assistance of Rotary International but raises the majority of funding from donations. No-one at Wheelchairs for Kids is remunerated, everyone is a volunteer, from the executive to its volunteers who manufacture the wheelchairs.

Wheelchairs for Kids produces its rough terrain wheelchairs in accordance to World Health Organization guidelines.

Last year its founding executive, volunteer CEO Gordon Hudson and volunteer workshop manager Brother Ollie were nominated for Australian of the Year awards. Gerry Georgatos was the volunteer manager of the Foundation arm of Wheelchairs for Kids.

Gerry Georgatos
Gerry Georgatos (Greek: Γεράσιμος Γεωργάτος; born 1962) is a university researcher and social justice and human rights campaigner based in Western Australia. He has campaigned for prison reform, as well as championing the rights of the impoverished and marginalised and the homeless.
Special Security and Protection Battalion
The Special Security and Protection Battalion (SPBN) (Bengali: স্পেশাল সিকিউরিটি অ্যান্ড প্রটেকশন ব্যাটালিয়ন) is a specialized unit of the Bangladesh Police. The battalion provides protection to the President of Bangladesh, Prime Minister of Bangladesh, and any person designated as VIP by the government, including visiting foreign dignitaries. It is also responsible for the security of VIPs’ offices and residences and venues of programs. It works alongside Special Security Force, Special Branch, Dhaka Metropolitan Police and President Guard Regiment.

Though it was formed on December 26, 2011, it formally started operation on 4 July 2013.

Bangladesh Police
The Bangladesh Police (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ, romanized: Baṅladeś Puliś) is the national law enforcement service of Bangladesh, operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for maintaining peace, enforcing law and order, and ensuring the safety and security of citizens across the country. While primarily concerned with law enforcement and protection of individuals and property, the Bangladesh Police also play a significant role in the criminal justice system. Established before the 1971 Liberation War, the force contributed actively during the war and has since evolved into the country’s principal policing institution. The Bangladesh Police also participate in United Nations peacekeeping missions, providing personnel for international law enforcement and security operations.
Kent Street Senior High School
Kent Street Senior High School is a public co-educational specialist high day and boarding school in the Town of Victoria Park, located on Kent Street in East Victoria Park, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia.

Over 50 percent of students attending Kent Street live in neighbouring or other school districts. This is largely due to Kent Street's specialist programs (aeronautics, cricket, fashion and design, and Centre of Resources Excellence (CoRE)).

Town of Victoria Park
The Town of Victoria Park is a local government area of Western Australia. It covers an area of 17.62 km² in metropolitan Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It had a population of approximately 35,000 as at the 2016 census.

It lies on the southern side of the Swan River, to the south-east of the Perth CBD, and is connected to Fremantle and South Perth via Canning Highway; to the Perth CBD by Graham Farmer Freeway and The Causeway; to Belmont and Perth Airport by Great Eastern Highway and to Cannington by Shepperton Road and Albany Highway. The Perth–Armadale rail line passes through Burswood and forms the eastern boundaries of Lathlain and Carlisle.

The Town of Victoria Park is bounded on the east by the City of Belmont, on the south by the City of Canning on the west by the City of South Perth and on the north by City of Vincent and the City of Perth.
Llew Johnson
Llewellyn Cullen Johnson (born 1 February 2000) is a New Zealand cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Otago in the 2017–18 Super Smash on 2 January 2018. He made his List A debut on 21 December 2021, for Otago in the 2021–22 Ford Trophy. He made his first-class debut on 15 November 2023, for Otago in 2023–24 Plunket Shield season.

2017–18 Super Smash
The 2017–18 Burger King Super Smash (named after the competition's sponsor Burger King) was the thirteenth season of the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 cricket tournament in New Zealand. The competition was run from 13 December 2017 to 20 January 2018. The Wellington Firebirds were the defending champions.

Following the completion of the round-robin fixtures, Northern Knights, Auckland Aces and Central Stags had qualified for the finals of the competition. Northern Knights  won the tournament after they beat Central Stags by nine wickets in the final.
Northern Cape Provincial Legislature
The Northern Cape Provincial Legislature is the legislature of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is a unicameral body of 30 members elected every five years. The current legislature was elected on 29 May 2024 with the African National Congress getting the most seats (15 members). It is situated in Kimberley, in a newly built complex to the west of the city centre on the edge of Galeshewe.

The Northern Cape Provincial Legislature, like the eight other provincial legislatures in South Africa, was created on 27 April 1994 by the Interim Constitution of South Africa, which dissolved the four original provinces (and their provincial councils) and created the nine current provinces. It is currently constituted in terms of Chapter Six of the Constitution of South Africa, which defines the structure of the provincial governments.

Kimberley, South Africa
Kimberley  (Khoekhoe: ǃ’Ās; Tswana: Kimbali) is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance because of its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. The British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes also established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.

On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, in the United States, to install electric street lighting. The first stock exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley as early as 1881.
Number One (Pharrell Williams song)
"Number One" is a song by American musician Pharrell Williams featuring American rapper Kanye West, released by Star Trak Entertainment and Virgin Records on August 21, 2006 as the third single from Williams' debut studio album, In My Mind (2006). A synth-heavy love song, it was written by both performers. Production was handled by Williams, while West acts as the song's hype man and performs the third verse.

"Number One" became the second song from In My Mind to enter the Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at number 57. The song was praised by critics, in contrast from its parent album.

In My Mind (Pharrell Williams album)
In My Mind is the debut studio album by American musician Pharrell Williams. The album was released on July 25, 2006, by Star Trak Entertainment, Virgin Records and Interscope Records. It debuted at number 3 on the US Billboard 200, selling 142,000 copies in its first week of release. The album is also certified Silver in the United Kingdom for sales of over 60,000 copies. In My Mind would go on to receive a nomination for Best Rap Album at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards.
Wunschpunsch
Wunschpunsch (French: Wounchpounch, German: Der Wunschpunsch lit. "Wish Punch") is a children's animated series, co-produced by Saban International Paris, CinéGroupe and TF1, with the participation of Ventura Film Distributors B.V. and ARD/Degeto, and with the collaboration of Radio-Canada. The series is inspired by the 1989 German novel The Night of Wishes by Michael Ende. The series aired on Radio-Canada in Canada from October 14, 2000 to March 16, 2002, in France on TF1, in the Netherlands on Disney Channel, in Europe and MENA on Fox Kids (later Jetix) and Jetix Play, and in Germany on ARD and KiKa.

The Night of Wishes
The Night of Wishes: Or the Satanarchaeolidealcohellish Notion Potion is a German fantasy book by the German children's book author Michael Ende that was first published in 1989 and awarded with the Swiss literary award "La vache qui lit" in 1990. The original German title was Der satanarchäolügenialkohöllische Wunschpunsch.
Tennis at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' doubles
These are the results for the boys' doubles event at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.

Orlando Luz and Marcelo Zormann of Brazil won the gold medal, defeating Karen Khachanov and Andrey Rublev of Russia in the final, 7–5, 3–6, [10–3].

Ryotaro Matsumura and Jumpei Yamasaki of Japan won the bronze medal, defeating Kamil Majchrzak and Jan Zieliński of Poland in the bronze-medal match, 6–4, 0–6, [10–4].

Karen Khachanov
Karen Abgarovich Khachanov (born 21 May 1996) is a Russian professional tennis player. He has been ranked by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) as high as world No. 8 in singles, which he achieved on 15 July 2019, and No. 53 in doubles, attained on 29 January 2024. Khachanov has won seven ATP Tour singles titles, the most significant at the 2018 Paris Masters, an ATP 1000-level event. In doubles, he has won one title at the 2023 Madrid Open, with compatriot Andrey Rublev.

His most notable career achievement is a silver medal in singles at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. He also has reached two major semifinals at the 2022 US Open and 2023 Australian Open.
Mahou Shoujo Nante Mouiidesukara
Mahou Shoujo Nante Mouiidesukara (魔法少女なんてもういいですから。, Mahō Shōjo Nante Mō Ii Desu Kara.; "I've Had Enough of Being a Magical Girl") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Sui Futami. An anime television series adaptation by Pine Jam aired from January to March 2016, and a second season aired from October to December of the same year.

Comic Earth Star
Comic Earth Star (Japanese: コミック アース・スター, Hepburn: Komikku Āsu Sutā) was a monthly Japanese shōnen manga magazine published on the 12th each month by Earth Star Entertainment since 12 March 2011. The magazine announced in their November 2014 issue that the print version would cease publication, and instead be replaced by a new, all-digital version after the release of the December 2014 issue on 12 November.
Brett Garsed
Brett Edward Garsed (born 20 April 1963) is an Australian guitarist, best known for his work as a guitarist with John Farnham and T. J. Helmerich, as well as being a former member of the rock band Nelson. He was featured on Derek Sherinian's solo records Planet X (1999) and Planet X's Quantum (2007), and more recently Sherinian's Molecular Heinosity (2010).

Planet X (band)
Planet X was an instrumental progressive metal supergroup, founded by keyboardist Derek Sherinian and drummer Virgil Donati. They were active for a decade, releasing three studio albums and a live album, each with a variety of guest musicians and oft-changing lineups.
Guy, Alberta
Guy (/ɡiː/) is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Smoky River No. 130. It is located on Highway 49, approximately 113 kilometres (70 mi) northeast of Grande Prairie. The inhabitants are named "Guylois" and "Guyloise".

Alberta Highway 49
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 49, commonly referred to as Highway 49, is a highway in northwestern Alberta, Canada. It runs east–west from the British Columbia border to Donnelly, and then north–south to Valleyview.  Highway 49 has a total length of 266 kilometres (165 mi).

The portion of Highway 49 from Donnelly to the British Columbia is also known as the Spirit River Highway.  It also comprises the westernmost segment of Alberta's portion of the Northern Woods and Water Route. After Donnelly, the Northern Woods and Water Route continues eastward along Highway 2 and then Highway 55. Its southernmost section, between Highway 2 and Highway 43, is part of Alberta's Arctic Corridor and is designated as a core route of Canada's National Highway System.
Georgics
The Georgics (/ˈdʒɔːrdʒɪks/ JOR-jiks; Latin: Georgica [ɡeˈoːrɡɪka]) is a poem by Latin poet Virgil, likely published in 29 BCE. As the name suggests (from the Greek word γεωργικά, geōrgiká, i.e. "agricultural [things]"), the subject of the poem is agriculture; but far from being an example of peaceful rural poetry, it is a work characterized by tensions in both theme and purpose.

The Georgics is considered Virgil's second major work, following his Eclogues and preceding the Aeneid. The poem draws on a variety of prior sources and has influenced many later authors from antiquity to the present.

Gaius Maecenas
Gaius Cilnius Maecenas ([ˈɡaːiʊs̠ ˈkɪɫ̪niʊs̠ mae̯ˈkeːnaːs̠] 13 April 68 BC – 8 BC) was a friend and political advisor to Octavian (who later reigned as emperor Augustus). He was also an important patron for the new generation of Augustan poets, including both Horace and Virgil. In many languages, his name is an eponym for "patron of arts".

During the reign of Augustus, Maecenas served as a quasi-culture minister to the Roman emperor but in spite of his wealth and power he chose not to enter the Senate, remaining of equestrian rank.