hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Airspace
Airspace is the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory and territorial waters that fall under the country's sovereignty and regulatory control.

Internationally, allocation and management of airspace is coordinated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which was established through the Chicago Convention in 1947 to unify air traffic. ICAO organizes airspace into Flight Information Regions (FIRs) and provides classification guidelines. National authorities, such as the FAA, CAA, or EASA implement rules and regulations for air traffic control, special-use airspace, and enforcement within their own FIRs.

Airspace can be used for both civilian flight and for defense or military operations, and countries are responsible for protecting their own airspace using measures such as air policing. Legal and technical challenges include the vertical boundary between airspace and outer space and temporary restrictions such as NOTAMs or TFRs.

Territorial waters
Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones). In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea.

Vessels have different rights and duties when passing through each area defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), one of the most ratified treaties. States cannot exercise their jurisdiction in waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, which are known as the high seas.
Bukit Melawati (state constituency)
Bukit Melawati is a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly since 2004. It has been represented by Noorazley Yahya of Perikatan Nasional (PN) since 2023.

The state constituency was created in the 2003 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

Noorazley Yahya
Noorazley bin Yahya is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Melawati since August 2023. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition and was a member, State Assistant Secretary and State Youth Secretary of Selangor as well as Division Youth Chief of Kuala Selangor of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
New Zealand SailGP Team
Black Foils SailGP Team, formerly New Zealand SailGP Team, is a New Zealand professional sailing team which competes in the global Rolex SailGP championship. Established in 2020 for the second season of SailGP, the team is led by co-CEOs; driver Peter Burling, and wing trimmer Blair Tuke.

Leo Takahashi
Leo Takahashi (Japanese: 高橋 稜, Takahashi Ryō, born 18 December 1998) is a Japanese sailor. Takahashi was born in Japan to a New Zealand father and a Japanese mother. He was first introduced to sailing as a young child by his father, a member of the  first Japanese America’s Cup Challenger. Leo moved to New Zealand when he was seven, and took up the sport himself at age eight in Murrays Bay, Auckland.
Nepenthes eymae
Nepenthes eymae /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˈeɪmaɪ/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia, where it grows at elevations of 1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,600 ft) above sea level. It is very closely related to N. maxima, from which it differs in its wine glass-shaped upper pitchers.

The specific epithet eymae honours Pierre Joseph Eyma, a Dutch botanist who worked extensively in the Dutch East Indies and who originally discovered the species.

Pierre Joseph Eyma
Pierre Joseph Eyma (25 July 1903 – 1945) was a Dutch botanist.

Eyma was born in Maarssen, Netherlands, in 1903. He studied at Utrecht University and served as an assistant at the university's herbarium between 1929 and 1937. Eyma earned a doctorate in 1932 for a taxonomic thesis on Surinamese plants. He travelled to Java in 1937 and in the following years made numerous botanical expeditions throughout the Dutch East Indies. Beginning in 1940, Eyma worked as an assistant at Herbarium Bogoriense in Bogor, Java. He died in 1945 in a Japanese POW camp near Palembang, Sumatra.

A number of plant species have been named after him, including Eurya eymae, Nepenthes eymae, and Randia eymai.
Gordon Mumma
Gordon Mumma (born March 30, 1935, in Framingham, Massachusetts) is an American composer. He is known most for his work with electronics, many devices of which he builds himself, and for his performances on horn.

Framingham, Massachusetts
Framingham (/ˈfreɪmɪŋhæm/ ⓘ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,  United States. Incorporated in 1700, it is located in Middlesex County and the MetroWest subregion of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The city proper covers 25 square miles (65 km2) with a population of 72,362 in 2020, making it the 14th most populous municipality in Massachusetts. Residents voted in favor of adopting a charter to transition from a representative town meeting system to a mayor–council government in April 2017, and the municipality transitioned to city status on January 1, 2018. Before it transitioned, it had been the largest town by population in Massachusetts.

The city has one of the largest Brazilian American populations in the United States, with a considerable Brazilian presence since the 1980s.
TruTV's Top Funniest
TruTV's Top Funniest (named Top 20 Funniest for its first season) is an American reality comedy television series broadcast on TruTV from May 23, 2013 to August 11, 2015. The series presented a compilation of comical video clips, often depicting accidents or mishaps from around the world. It was narrated by Mocean Melvin for the first two seasons, with Charlie Schlatter narrating the third season.

The first season featured themed episodes such as "What Was I Thinking?" and "Fantastic Failures", with a countdown format highlighting 20 videos in each episode. In the second season, the countdown was removed, and clips were grouped into categories displayed in an on-screen sidebar. The third season discontinued the sidebar but retained the category-based format.

On March 12, 2015, TruTV renewed the series for a third season consisting of 22 episodes, which premiered on May 5, 2015.

Charlie Schlatter
Charlie Schlatter  is an American actor who has appeared in several films and television series. He is best known for his role as Dr. Jesse Travis, the resident student of Dr. Mark Sloan (played by Dick Van Dyke) on the CBS series Diagnosis: Murder. Since the 1990s, he has continued to work mainly as a voice actor, with roles such as the Flash in various media, the titular character on Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil and Wonder-Red in The Wonderful 101.
Narona
Narona /nəˈroʊnə/ (Ancient Greek: Ναρῶνα) was an Ancient Greek trading post on the Illyrian coast and later Roman city and bishopric, located in the Neretva valley in present-day Vid, Croatia, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

Vid, Croatia
Vid is a village in Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia, administered as a part of the city of Metković.

It is famous for the ruins of the Roman city of Narona. It has a museum of Roman history in the region, called Archeological Museum of Narona.
Alexander Soros
Alexander Soros (born October 27, 1985) is an American investor and philanthropist. One of the five children of billionaire George Soros, he chairs the Board of Directors of the Open Society Foundations and sits on the investment committee for Soros Fund Management. He was also named one of the World Economic Forum's Young Global Leaders of 2018.

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
Wałpusz
Wałpusz [ˈvau̯puʂ] (German: Waldpusch) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczytno, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

About 1785 there have been 12 households.

Until 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).

Gmina Szczytno
Gmina Szczytno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Szczytno, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 347.26 square kilometres (134.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,454.
2010–11 Washington Huskies men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington in the 2010–11 college basketball season.  This was head coach Lorenzo Romar's 9th season at Washington. The Huskies played their home games at Alaska Airlines Arena and are members of the Pacific-10 Conference. As the winner of the 2011 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament, the Huskies earn an automatic bid in the NCAA tournament, the school's 16th appearance in the NCAA tournament. At the national tournament, the Huskies beat Georgia in the second round before falling to eventual Elite Eight contender North Carolina in the third round. They finished the season with a 24–11 record.

2010–11 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team
The 2010–11 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Roy Williams. The team played its home games in the Dean Smith Center in Chapel Hill, North Carolina and is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 29–8, 14–2 in ACC play to win the conference regular-season championship. They advanced to the championship game of the 2011 ACC men's basketball tournament before falling to Duke. They received an at-large bid in the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they advanced to the Elite Eight before falling to Kentucky.

This season represented the 101st season of basketball in the school's history.
Charlie Green (musician)
Charles Green (1893 – November 27, 1935) was an American jazz musician, who was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and died in New York City. He was one of the early jazz trombonists and the soloist in the Fletcher Henderson orchestra (joining slightly before Louis Armstrong).

Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith (April 15, 1892 – September 26, 1937) was an African-American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. Nicknamed the "Empress of the Blues" and formerly Queen of the Blues, she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1930s. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, she is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists.

Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, Smith was young when her parents died, and she and her six siblings survived by performing on street corners. She began touring and performed in a group that included Ma Rainey, and then went out on her own. Her successful recording career with Columbia Records began in  1923, but her performing career was cut short by a car crash that killed her at the age of 45.
The Garden (Zero 7 album)
The Garden is Zero 7's third studio album. It was released in the United Kingdom on 22 May 2006, and in the United States on 6 June 2006.

The album features vocal performances by José González, Sia, and Henry Binns. It sees Zero 7 take a new, more upbeat musical direction, while still essentially maintaining their original sound.

The artwork for the album is by Gideon London and the CD was named after his collage. The Album was Nominated for a 2007 Grammy Award in the category 'Best Electronic/Dance Album'.

49th Annual Grammy Awards
The 49th Annual Grammy Awards was a ceremony honoring the best in music for the recording year beginning October 1, 2005, and ending September 30, 2006, in the United States. The awards were handed out on Sunday, February 11, 2007, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. The Dixie Chicks were the night's biggest winners winning a total of five awards. Mary J. Blige received the most nominations, with eight. Don Henley was honored as MusiCares Person of the Year two nights prior to the show on February 9, 2007. The show won an Emmy for Outstanding Lighting Direction (electronic, multicamera) for VMC Programming.
Keith Matthews (rugby union)
Keith Matthews (born 10 June 1982) is an Irish rugby union player for Connacht in the United Rugby Championship. He has played for the Ireland Wolfhounds, Ireland under 21s, Ireland Schoolboys and went on Ireland's 2009 tour to North America. Matthews previously played with Munster and UL Bohemians. Matthews previously attended Ardscoil Ris and the University of Limerick.

He plays as a centre.

Matthews was forced into retirement through injury on 29 November 2011.

UL Bohemians R.F.C.
UL Bohemian RFC is a rugby union club based in Limerick, playing in Division 2B of the All-Ireland League. It is affiliated with the University of Limerick. UL Bohemians are sponsored by UL Sport, Samurai Sports and HOMS Solicitors. The symbol of the club is the Red Robin

Bohemians field four men's (1XV, 2XV, 3XV, U20s) and two women's senior teams along with youth and mini rugby teams from U6s to U19s, and play their home matches at Annacotty, the University's North Campus 4G pitches and Thomond Park.
2024 Strade Bianche Donne
The 2024 Strade Bianche Donne was an Italian road cycling one-day race that took place on 2 March. It was the tenth edition of Strade Bianche Donne and the fifth event of the 2024 UCI Women's World Tour. The race was won by Belgian rider Lotte Kopecky of Team SD Worx–Protime.

Lotte Kopecky
Lotte Kopecky (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɔtə koːˈpɛki]; born 10 November 1995) is a Belgian road and track racing cyclist, who rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Team SD Worx–Protime, and the 2023 and 2024 UCI Elite Women's World Road Race Champion. She is a multiple world champion on the track, having won six gold medals across four UCI Track Cycling World Championships; she won the madison in 2017 and 2022, the points race in 2021 and 2023, and the elimination race in 2022 and 2023.
Hinckley, Minnesota
Hinckley is a city in Pine County, Minnesota, United States, located at the junction of Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highway 48. The population was 1,904 at the 2020 census.

Hinckley's name in the Ojibwe language is Gaa-zhiigwanaabikokaag, meaning "the place abundant with grindstones" due to being located along the Grindstone River.  Portions of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation are located within and adjacent to Hinckley.

On September 1, 1894, the Great Hinckley Fire killed more than 400 people.

Hinckley is generally considered the halfway point on Interstate 35 between Minneapolis–Saint Paul and Duluth.

Grindstone River
The Grindstone River is a 6.7-mile-long (10.8 km) river of Minnesota, a tributary of the Kettle River. Its name is derived either from the Dakota Iŋswú watpá (Small Stones River) or from the Ojibwe Zhiigwanaabikokaa-ziibi (River abundant with grind stones). Sandstone taken from near the river was used to produce sharpening stones. In Ojibwe, Hinckley (Gaa-zhiigwanaabikokaag) is named after this river.

The South Fork Grindstone River rises in a wetland complex in Kroschel Township, Kanabec County, and flows south and east. The North Fork Grindstone River rises from Grindstone Lake in Dell Grove Township, Pine County, and flows south. The two forks join in Hinckley, and the main river flows generally east and empties into the Kettle River in Barry Township, Pine County. Grindstone Lake, the North Fork Grindstone River and the lower course of the Grindstone River are shown on the 1757 edition of the Mitchell Map.
John II of Naples
John II (died 919) was the duke of Naples from 915 to his death. He succeeded his father Gregory IV on the latter's death late in 915.

During his reign, he joined a Christian alliance under Pope John X.

He had accompanied his father to the Battle of the Garigliano under Nicholas Picingli, where the Christian coalition defeated the Moslems of the fortress on the Garigliano.

Battle of Garigliano
The Battle of Garigliano was fought in 915 between Christian forces and the Saracens. Pope John X personally led the Christian forces into battle. The aim was to destroy the Arab fortress on the Garigliano River, which had threatened central Italy and the outskirts of Rome for nearly 30 years.
Future Stars
Future Stars (formerly TAC Cup Future Stars) is an Australian sports television program which focuses on the TAC Cup, under-18 Australian rules football competitions and young prospects of the AFL. It premiered on Sunday, 10 May 2009 at 1:00pm on GTV-9 in Melbourne, and features game highlights, interviews and analysis of the top prospects to be nominated in the AFL draft.

Originally known as TAC Cup Future Stars, Future Stars was hosted by Craig Hutchison (2009-2014), whose production company, Crocmedia, is producing the show. Former Hawthorn player, Ben Dixon, and AFL talent scout, Kevin Sheehan were panellists from the start, with Terry Wallace joining in 2010.

In 2009, Sport 927's Angela Pippos reported from the field.

In 2015, former Richmond and Western Bulldogs forward Nathan Brown succeeded Hutchison as host in alignment with the rebranding to its current name. A revolving special guest panellist and current AFL player usually sits on the panel to round the show.

Sports Entertainment Network
Sports Entertainment Network (SEN), formerly Crocmedia, is an Australian radio and television distribution company established in 2006. SEN's parent company is Sports Entertainment Group (SEG), formerly Pacific Star Network.
Luís do Rego, 1st Viscount of Geraz do Lima
D. Luís do Rego Barreto, 1st Viscount of Geraz do Lima (28 October 1777 – 7 September 1840), better known as General Luís do Rego, was a Portuguese nobleman, military officer and colonial administrator who distinguished himself in the fight against the Invasion of Portugal by the French in 1807, and was Governor of Pernambuco from 1817 to 1821, when he was deposed.

Viana do Castelo
Viana do Castelo, officially the City of Viana do Castelo,  is a municipality and seat of the district of Viana do Castelo in the Norte Region of Portugal. The population in 2021 was 85,778, in an area of 319.02 square kilometres (123.17 mi2). The urbanized area of the municipality, comprising the city, has a population of approximately 36,148 inhabitants, although the extended densely populated region reaches surrounding municipalities like Caminha and Ponte de Lima with a population above 150,000 inhabitants. It is located at the mouth of the Lima river, on the Portuguese Way path, an alternative path of the Camino de Santiago.
SS Norjerv
Norjerv was a 5,583 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1919 as West Islip by Ames Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co, Seattle, Washington, United States for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). In 1928, she was sold and renamed Golden Rod. A further sale in 1935 saw her renamed Willhilo. She was renamed Indianan after a sale in 1937. In 1940, she was transferred to the Ministry of Supply (MoS) and renamed Empire Eagle, passing later that year to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). In 1942, she was transferred to the Norwegian Government and renamed Norjerv, serving until June 1944 when she was transferred to the British Government. In July 1944, she was sunk as a blockship at Juno Beach, Calvados, France to reinforce Gooseberry 4.

Ames Shipbuilding and Drydock Company
The Ames Shipbuilding and Drydock Company was a shipbuilding company in Seattle, Washington, United States. Established in 1916, the shipyard produced vessels for the United States Shipping Board during World War I. The Ames Terminal Company was established at the site of the shipyard after the war. It continued operations until 1955, when the terminal facilities were purchased by the Port of Seattle.
Marketing management
Marketing management is the strategic organizational discipline that focuses on the practical application of marketing orientation, techniques and methods inside enterprises and organizations and on the management of marketing resources and activities.
Compare marketology,
which Aghazadeh defines in terms of "recognizing, generating and disseminating market insight to ensure better market-related decisions".

Positioning (marketing)
In marketing, positioning is the mental perception of a product or brand by customers. Brand and product positioning methods include product differentiation, advertising, market segmentation, and business models such as the marketing mix.

The origins of the concept of positioning concept are unclear. Scholars suggest that it may have emerged from the burgeoning advertising industry in the period following World War I. The concept was popularised by advertising executives Al Ries and Jack Trout and further developed by academics Schaefer and Kuehlwein, who extended the concept to include the meaning carried by a brand. Positioning is now a regular marketing activity and forms part of overarching marketing strategy theory.
Izuogu Mgbokpo
Chief Izuogu Mgbokpo Listenⓘ of  Amankwu, Arochukwu was an 18th-century warrior in the Aro Confederacy. He was a slave trader and commander who fought his most famous battle on Ikpa Ora. Chief Izuogu and his ally, Chief Iheme, were the founders of the kingdom of Arondizuogu, of which Chief Izuogu is believed to be the first king. It is said he founded the town by war and settled in a place very close to Ikpa Ora. He remains a hero to the Aro people.

Aro Confederacy
The Aro Confederacy (1640–1902) was a political union orchestrated by the Aro people, an Igbo subgroup, centered in Arochukwu in present-day southeastern Nigeria. The Aro Confederacy was founded after the end of the Aro-Ibibio Wars. Their influence and presence was all over Eastern Nigeria, lower Middle Belt, parts of present-day of Cameroon and Equatorial guinea  during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Arochukwu communities were an economic, political, and an oracular center as they were home to the Ibini Ukpabi oracle, High Priests, the Aro King Eze Aro, and central council (Okpankpo). The Aro Confederacy was a powerful and influential political and economic alliance of various Igbo-speaking communities in southeastern Nigeria. It emerged during the 17th century and played a significant role in the region until the late 19th century.
126 film
126 film is a cartridge-based film format used in still photography.  It was introduced by Kodak in 1963, and is associated mainly with low-end point-and-shoot cameras, particularly Kodak's own Instamatic series of cameras.

Although 126 was once very popular, as of 2008 it is no longer manufactured, and few photofinishers will process it.

Pinhole camera
A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens but with a tiny aperture (the so-called pinhole)—effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light from a scene passes through the aperture and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box, which is known as the camera obscura  effect. The size of the images depends on the distance between the object and the pinhole and the distance between pinhole and screen.

A Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day is observed on the last Sunday of April, every year.