hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flavored liquor
Flavored liquors (also called infused liquors) are liquors that have added flavoring and, in some cases, a small amount of added sugar. They are distinct from liqueurs in that liqueurs have a high sugar content and may also contain glycerine.

Flavored liquors may have a base of vodka or white rum, both of which have little taste of their own, or they may have a tequila or brandy base. Typically, a fruit extract is added to the base spirit.

Bitters
A bitters is traditionally an alcoholic preparation flavored with botanical matter for a bitter or bittersweet flavor. Originally, numerous longstanding brands of bitters were developed as patent medicines, but lately are sold as digestifs, sometimes with herbal properties, and as cocktail flavorings.

Since cocktails often contain sour and sweet flavors, bitters are used to engage another primary taste and thereby balance out the drink and make it more complex, giving it a more complete flavor profile.
Dick Grayson (Titans character)
Richard John "Dick" Grayson, also known by his superhero alias Nightwing, is a fictional character and a superhero on the DC Universe, and later HBO Max, television series Titans, based on the character of the same name created by Bill Finger, and adapted for television by Akiva Goldsman, Geoff Johns and Greg Berlanti. In this version, he has been acting as  a superhero, going by Robin, for about 16 years, operating in Gotham City, under the wing of his adoptive father, Bruce Wayne / Batman, until he decides to leave the city, assuming the name Nightwing in the second season. Dick Grayson was portrayed by Brenton Thwaites from 2018 until 2023.

Titans season 4
The fourth and final season of the American superhero streaming television series Titans premiered on HBO Max on November 3, 2022, and concluded on May 11, 2023, consisting of 12 episodes. It was executive produced by Akiva Goldsman, Geoff Johns, Greg Walker, Greg Berlanti, Sarah Schechter, and Richard Hatem, with Walker serving as showrunner for the fourth consecutive season. Developed by Goldsman, Johns, and Berlanti, the series is based on the DC Comics team Teen Titans. Brenton Thwaites, Mame-Anna Diop, Teagan Croft, Ryan Potter, Joshua Orpin, and Curran Walters return to the main cast from the previous season, joined by season three guest star Jay Lycurgo and series newcomers Franka Potente and Joseph Morgan.
George Henderson (Manitoba politician)
George Lindsay Henderson (March 18, 1916 – June 4, 2008) was a  politician in Manitoba, Canada.  He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1969 to 1977.

Henderson was educated in the Manitoba school system, and worked as a farmer and real-estate agent.  He also served as Mayor of Manitou, Manitoba, and was a President of Manitoba Co-operative.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1969 election, defeating Liberal Kenneth Draper by 1008 votes in the rural, southern riding of Pembina.  He was re-elected by a much greater margin in the 1973 election, as Liberal support declined in rural areas.  The NDP were in government during this period, and Henderson was an opposition MLA throughout his time in the legislature.  He did not seek re-election in 1977.

1973 Manitoba general election
The 1973 Manitoba general election was held on June 28, 1973 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.  It was won by the social-democratic New Democratic Party, which took 31 of 57 seats to win government in its own right for the first time.  The Progressive Conservative Party finished second with 21, while the Manitoba Liberal Party took the remaining five. The Manitoba Social Credit Party lost its only seat.

A right-of-centre municipal organization known as the Independent Citizens' Election Committee tried to convince the Progressive Conservative and Liberal parties to avoid competing against each other in certain Winnipeg-area ridings, such that a single "anti-socialist" alternative to the NDP could be offered.  This campaign was generally unsuccessful.
Sadao Araki
Baron  Sadao Araki  (荒木 貞夫, Araki Sadao; May 26, 1877 – November 2, 1966) was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II. As one of the principal nationalist right-wing political theorists in the Empire of Japan, he was regarded as the leader of the radical faction within the politicized Imperial Japanese Army and served as Minister of War under Prime Minister Inukai. He later served as Minister of Education during the Konoe and Hiranuma administrations.

After World War II, he was convicted of war crimes and given a life sentence but was released in 1955.

Tōseiha
The Tōseiha or Control Faction (統制派) was a political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army active in the 1920s and 1930s. The Tōseiha was a grouping of generally conservative officers which were united primarily by their opposition to the radical Kōdōha (Imperial Way) faction and its aggressive imperialist and anti-modernization ideals. The Tōseiha was led by Lieutenant General Tetsuzan Nagata (until his assassination in 1935) and Hideki Tojo, (later the Prime Minister of Japan). It rivaled  the Kōdōha for influence in the army until the February 26 Incident in 1936, when the Kōdōha was de facto dissolved and many supporters were disciplined or executed. The Tōseiha became the primary influence in the army, but the Kōdōha ideology and its supporters continued to influence Japanese militarism into the late 1930s.
Reynolds, Illinois
Reynolds is a village mainly in Rock Island County in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 498 at the 2020 census. A small portion on the south side is in Mercer County. The village was founded in 1876.

Rock Island County, Illinois
Rock Island County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois, bounded on the west by the Mississippi River. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 144,672. Its county seat is Rock Island; its largest city is neighboring Moline. Rock Island County is one of the four counties that make up the Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Physalin
Physalins are steroidal constituents of Physalis plants which possess an unusual 13,14-seco-16,24-cyclo-steroidal ring skeleton (where the bond that is normally present between the 13 and 14 positions in other steroids is broken while a new bond between positions 16 and 24 is formed; see figure below). Since the isolation and the structure determination of Physalin A and Physalin B in 1969, more than a dozen Physalins were isolated from Physalis species, Physalis alkekengi, Physalis angulata, and Physalis lancifolia. These compounds have antimicrobial, and antiparasitic effects.

Alkekengi
Alkekengi is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae with a single species Alkekengi officinarum. This species is native to the regions covering Southern Europe to South Asia and Northeast Asia.

It is commonly known as the bladder cherry, Chinese lantern, Japanese-lantern, strawberry groundcherry, winter cherry, alchechengi berry, or Klabuster cherry.

It is a close relative of the new world Calliphysalis carpenteri (Carpenter's groundcherry) and a somewhat more distant relative to the members of the Physalis genus.
Suicide of Dolly Everett
Amy Jayne "Dolly" Everett (1 May 2003 – 3 January 2018) was a 14-year-old Australian teenager who died by suicide after extensive bullying. Her death sparked debates about teen suicide, racial and gender imbalance in media reporting of suicide and the dangers of publicity around suicides and emphasising victim playing, glorifying and promoting suicide.

Everett was from Katherine in the Australian Northern Territory and had attended Scots PGC College in Warwick, Queensland.  When she was younger, Everett had been a face in advertisements for Akubra hats.

Scots PGC College
The Scots PGC College is an independent, co-educational, Uniting Church, day and boarding school, located in Warwick, Queensland, Australia. 
The College currently caters for approximately 450 international and Australian students from Prep to year 12, including 180 boarders.

Located on two campuses, the College is currently divided into three age-based 'Learning Precincts' - a Junior School, a Middle School and a Senior School. In 2008, a new Performing Arts Center was opened to cater specifically for Drama and Music.

The Scots PGC College is a member of the Junior School Heads Association of Australia and The Associated Schools.
Beating the bounds
Beating the bounds or perambulating the bounds is an ancient custom still observed in parts of England, Wales, and the New England region of the United States, which involves swatting local landmarks with branches to maintain a shared mental map of parish boundaries, usually every seven years.

These ceremonial events occur on what are sometimes called gangdays; the custom of going a-ganging was kept before the Norman Conquest.  During the event, a group of prominent citizens from the community, which can be an English church parish, New England town, or other civil division, will walk the geographic boundaries of their locality for the purpose of maintaining the memory of the precise location of these boundaries. While modern surveying techniques have rendered these ceremonial walks largely irrelevant, the practice remains as an important local civic ceremony or legal requirement for civic leaders.

Butts and bounds
Butts and bounds, shortened form for "abuttals and boundaries" of a property, are the boundary lines delineated between plots of land, usually those which define the end of an estate, as used in legal deeds, titles, etc. These are usually descriptive features in the property, such as trees, outcroppings of stone, or riverine brooks, etc., and are signified in the legal deed for purposes of identification.
Usmate Velate
Usmate Velate (Brianzoeu: Oeus Velaa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region Lombardy, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Milan.

Usmate Velate borders the following municipalities: Casatenovo, Lomagna, Camparada, Carnate, Arcore, Vimercate. It is served by Carnate-Usmate railway station.

Usmate Velate was once knows as Osio, reason for which its Lombard dialect name is Oeus.

Casatenovo
45°41′50″N 9°18′44″E﻿ / ﻿45.6972°N 9.3122°E﻿ / 45.6972; 9.3122

Casatenovo (Brianzöö: Casanööf) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Lecco. As of 2011, it had a population of about 12,700.

Casatenovo borders the following municipalities: Besana in Brianza, Camparada, Correzzana, Lesmo, Lomagna, Missaglia, Monticello Brianza, Usmate Velate.
Mulund railway station
Mulund is a railway station on the Central Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network.

Mulund railway station is connected via the Central Railway to South Bombay and remote places like Khopoli and Kasara.

Mumbai Suburban Railway
The Mumbai Suburban Railway (colloquially called local trains or simply locals) consists of exclusive inner suburban railway lines, augmented by commuter rail on main lines serving outlying suburbs to serve the Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India. Spread over 450 kilometres (280 mi), the suburban railway operates 2,342 train services and carries more than 7.5 million commuters daily.

The daily commuters constitute around 40% of the daily commuters of Indian Railways. By annual ridership (2.64 billion), the Mumbai Suburban Railway is one of the busiest commuter rail systems in the world.
Go (band)
Go was a Japanese rock supergroup formed in 1976 by Stomu Yamashta (percussion and keyboards), which included Steve Winwood (vocals and keyboards), Al Di Meola (lead guitar), Klaus Schulze (synthesizers) and Michael Shrieve (drums). Go is the Japanese word for "five".

Go recorded two studio albums, Go (1976) and Go Too (1977). The band also recorded the 12 June 1976 concert they performed in France, which was released as the album Go: Live from Paris (1976).

Klaus Schulze
Klaus Schulze (4 August 1947 – 26 April 2022) was a German electronic music pioneer, composer and musician. He also used the alias Richard Wahnfried and was a member of the Krautrock bands Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, and the Cosmic Jokers before launching a solo career consisting of more than 60 albums released across six decades.
Watson Lake (Arizona)
Watson Lake is one of two reservoirs at the Granite Dells, in Prescott, Arizona, that was formed in the early 1900s when the Chino Valley Irrigation District built a dam on Granite Creek. The City of Prescott bought the reservoir and surrounding land in 1997 to preserve it as recreational land.  Local rockclimbers use the granite cliffs above and adjacent to the lake for top-roping and lead climbing. The lake is also the home of TriCity Prep Rowing Crew, a local high school team and only rowing team in Northern Arizona.

Granite Creek (Arizona)
Granite Creek is a 38-mile (61 km) tributary of the Verde River in the U.S. state of Arizona. It flows generally north-northeast from the Bradshaw Mountains of west-central Arizona through the city of Prescott and the Granite Dells to meet the river at the north end of the Little Chino Valley east of Sullivan Lake.
Norton, Ohio
Norton is a city in southwestern Summit County, Ohio, United States, with a 4.4-acre (1.8 ha) district extending into Wayne County. The population was 11,673 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Akron metropolitan area.

Wayne County, Ohio
Wayne County is a county located in the northeastern quadrant of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,894. Its county seat is Wooster. The county is named for General "Mad" Anthony Wayne. Wayne County comprises the Wooster, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Peyote song
Peyote songs are a form of Native American music, now most often performed as part of services in the Native American Church.  They are typically accompanied by a rattle and water drum, and are used in a ceremonial aspect during the sacramental taking of peyote.

Indigenous music of North America
Indigenous music of North America, which includes American Indian music or Native American music, is the 
music that is used, created or performed by Indigenous peoples of North America, including Native Americans in the United States and Aboriginal peoples in Canada, Indigenous peoples of Mexico, and other North American countries—especially traditional tribal music, such as Pueblo music and Inuit music. In addition to the traditional music of the Native American groups, there now exist pan-Indianism and intertribal genres as well as distinct Native American subgenres of popular music including: rock, blues, hip hop, classical, film music, and reggae, as well as unique popular styles like chicken scratch and New Mexico music.
Herbert Léonard
Herbert Léonard (French pronunciation: [ɛʁbɛʁ leɔnaʁ]; 25 February 1945 – 2 March 2025), born Hubert Lœnhard, was a French entertainer and historian, who was principally known as a singer. He was also a specialist of Russian airplanes from World War II. His first success "Quelque chose tient mon cœur" (Somethings Got A Hold of My Heart) opened the doors of the hit-parade to him in 1968.

His 1982 album Ça donne envie d'aimer and the song "Amoureux fous" was done in a duo with Julie Pietri, perpetuating his image as a crooner. Léonard died from lung cancer in Fontainebleau on 2 March 2025, five days after his 80th birthday.

Julie Pietri
Julie Pietri (born 1 May 1955) is a French pop singer, best known for her single "Ève lève-toi", which was number-one on the French SNEP Singles Chart (Top 50) in November 1986 (also released in English, under the title "Listen to Your Heart").
Edwin May (architect)
Edwin May (1823–1880) was an American architect based in Indianapolis, Indiana. He designed several county courthouses, the Indiana State House and other public hospital and school buildings, including the Horace Mann Public School No. 13. He also received patents for his fireproofing designs. During the construction of his final project, the Indiana State House, he became paralyzed, traveled to Jacksonville, Florida to recover and died. Adolf Scherrer took over the project.

He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Louis Henry Gibson worked as a draftsman in his office.

Edwin died on February 27, 1880, at the age of fifty-six. His remains are interred at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis, Section 25, Lot 191, 39°49′06″N 86°10′13″W﻿ / ﻿39.8183405°N 86.1702987°W﻿ / 39.8183405; -86.1702987.

Horace Mann Public School No. 13
Horace Mann Public School No. 13 is a historic school building located at Indianapolis, Indiana. It was designed by architect Edwin May (1823–1880) and built in 1873. It is a two-story, square plan, Italianate style red brick building. It has an ashlar limestone foundation and a low hipped roof with a central gabled dormer. A boiler house was added to the property in 1918.: 2–3

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is located in the Holy Rosary-Danish Church Historic District.
Nikolai Ilbekov
Nikolai Filippovich Ilbekov (Chuvash: Микулай Илпек Mikulai Ilpek; 1915 May 19 in Trekhizb-Shemursha, Buinsky Uyezd, Simbirsk Governorate – 1981 April 12 in Cheboksary) was a Chuvash prose writer.

Of his more than twenty books, the most significant is the novel Black Bread (Хура ҫӑкӑр), published 1958–1961. Black Bread depicts the pre-revolutionary life of the Chuvash people, the revolutionary events of 1905–1907, and the growth of self-consciousness of the Chuvash and Tatars.

Shemurshinsky District
Shemurshinsky District  (Russian: Шемурши́нский район; Chuvash: Шăмăршă районӗ, Şămărşă rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the south and southwest of the republic. The area of the district is 799.1 square kilometers (308.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Shemursha. Population: 14,759 (2010 Census); 16,588 (2002 Census); 18,186 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Shemursha accounts for 25.5% of the district's total population.
2016 Mong Kok civil unrest
Civil unrest occurred in Mong Kok, Hong Kong from the night of 8 February 2016 until the following morning. This incident occurred following the government's crackdown on unlicensed street hawkers during the Chinese New Year holidays. Eventually, violent clashes broke out between police and protesters, resulting in injuries on both sides.

The Hong Kong government has officially classified the violent incident as a riot (旺角暴亂), while some media outlets and social media platforms have opted to call the event the "Fishball Revolution" (魚蛋革命), in reference to fishballs, a popular Hong Kong street food. This incident has been described by The Economist as "the worst outbreak of rioting since the 1960s."

Hawkers in Hong Kong
Hawkers in Hong Kong (Chinese: 小販) are vendors of street food and inexpensive goods. They are found in urban areas and new towns alike, although certain districts such as Mong Kok, Sham Shui Po, and Kwun Tong are known for high concentrations of hawkers.

For many decades, hawking has served as a means for the lower class to make a living in Hong Kong, and allowed patrons to benefit from the convenience and low cost of hawker goods. However, the government has long considered the practice to be detrimental to public hygiene, and it has therefore been controlled by the Urban Council and its successor, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department.
Robertsville, Ohio
Robertsville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in western Paris Township, Stark County, Ohio, United States.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 44670.  It lies along U.S. Route 30 between East Canton and Minerva and is in the Minerva Local School District. The community is part of the Canton–Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 293 at the 2020 census.

Canton–Massillon metropolitan area
The Canton–Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau is an area consisting of Caroll County and Stark County in Northeast Ohio, anchored by the cities of Canton and Massillon. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 401,574. The MSA is also part of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,633,962 in 2020, the largest CSA in Ohio.
Laura Bragg
Laura Mary Bragg (October 9, 1881 – May 16, 1978) was an American museum director who became the first woman to run a publicly funded art museum in America when she was named the director of the Charleston Museum in 1920. She later directed the Berkshire Museum in Massachusetts and advised on the reorganization of the Valentine Museum in Virginia. She is also known for developing a widely copied form of traveling museum exhibition for schools called a "Bragg Box."

The Valentine
The Valentine is a museum in Richmond, Virginia dedicated to collecting, preserving and interpreting Richmond's history. Founded by Mann S. Valentine II 1898, it was the first museum in Richmond.

In the early 21st century, the Valentine offers rotating exhibitions, walking tours, programs, special events, research opportunities and more as a way to engage, educate and challenge a diverse audience. The Valentine also includes the Wickham House, a National Historical Landmark.
Ganglioside
A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of gangliosides anionic at pH 7, which distinguishes them from globosides.

The name ganglioside was first applied by the German scientist Ernst Klenk in 1942 to lipids newly isolated from ganglion cells of the brain. More than 60 gangliosides are known,  which differ from each other mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events, and appears to concentrate in lipid rafts.

Recently, gangliosides have been found to be highly important molecules in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.

Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids, cholesterol and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein lipid microdomains termed lipid rafts. Their existence in cellular membranes remains somewhat controversial. It has been proposed that they are specialized membrane microdomains which compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organising centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, allowing a closer interaction of protein receptors and their effectors to promote kinetically favorable interactions necessary for the signal transduction. Lipid rafts influence membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, thereby regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely within the membrane bilayer. Although more common in the cell membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes.