hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norman Township, Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota
Norman Township is a township (T114N R45W) in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 291 at the 2000 census.

Norman Township was organized in 1874, and named for the Norwegians, or Normans, who settled in this area.

Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota
Yellow Medicine County is a county in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Its eastern border is formed by the Minnesota River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,528. Its county seat is Granite Falls.

The Upper Sioux Indian Reservation, related to the historical Yellow Medicine Agency that was here, is entirely within the county. It was established under the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851, by which the Dakota ceded much territory in the region to the United States.
Cornelis de Witt
Cornelis de Witt (15 June 1623 – 20 August 1672) was a Dutch States Navy officer and statesman. During the First Stadtholderless Period, De Witt was an influential member of the Dutch States Party, and was in opposition to the House of Orange. In the Rampjaar of 1672, he was lynched and eaten together with his brother Johan de Witt by a crowd incited by Orangist partisans.

Dutch States Party
The Dutch States Party (Dutch: Staatsgezinde partij, lit. 'Pro-States Party') was a republican political faction, and one of the two main factions of the Dutch Republic from the early 1600s to the mid-1700s.: 8–12  They favored the power of the regenten and opposed the Orangist "pro-prince" (prinsgezindheid) faction, who supported the monarchical aspirations of the stadtholders and the House of Orange-Nassau.  The States Party was in the ascendancy during the First Stadtholderless Period (1650–1672) and the Second Stadtholderless Period (1702–1747).

They were supplanted as the leading republican faction by the more democratic Patriots (Patriotten) after the Orangist revolution of 1747.
Tamana Airport
Tamana Airport (IATA: TMN, ICAO: NGTM) is the airport serving Tamana, Kiribati.

The airport is served by Air Kiribati from Tabiteuea North, which is connected directly with the international airport at South Tarawa, but lands at Tamana too on its way from Arorae back to Tabiteuea North.

Air Kiribati
Air Kiribati (pronounced /ɛər ˈkɪrɪbæs/ air KIRR-ib-ass) is the flag carrier of the Republic of Kiribati and operates scheduled passenger services to 20 atolls spread over an area of 3.5 million square kilometres (1,400,000 sq mi).

It is headquartered at Bonriki International Airport on the island of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Regional charter flights, medical evacuation, as well as search and rescue services are also undertaken by the airline.
Battle of Britton's Lane
The Battle of Britton's Lane occurred September 1, 1862, near the village of Denmark in rural Madison County, Tennessee, during the American Civil War.

Ordered to raid north from Mississippi by Maj. Gen. Sterling Price, commanding the Army of the West, thus to prevent Ulysses S. Grant's reinforcing Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell in Tennessee, Brig. Gen. Frank C. Armstrong's cavalry brigade struck Col. Elias S. Dennis's Federal force of two cavalry troops, a battery and two infantry regiments. After four hours, in which they suffered heavy losses while taking 213 prisoners, and two field pieces, the raiders withdrew, their mission accomplished.

Denmark, Tennessee
Denmark is an unincorporated community and former city in Madison County, Tennessee, United States roughly 14 miles southwest of Jackson. The zip code is 38391. Although it was once a thriving farming community, a combination of man-made and natural disasters has reduced Denmark to a few remaining houses and the historic antebellum Denmark Presbyterian Church. Due to this, the Denmark municipality charter was revoked in 1983 and is now unincorporated.
Huso
Huso is a genus of sturgeons from eastern Europe, Asia, and eastern North America. The genus name is derived from hūso, the Old High German and Medieval Latin word for "sturgeon", which is also ancestral to Hausen, the German name for the beluga sturgeon.

Persian sturgeon
The Persian sturgeon (Huso persicus) is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae. It is found in the Caspian Sea and to a lesser extent the Black Sea and ascends certain rivers to spawn, mainly the Volga, Kura, Araks and Ural Rivers. It is heavily fished for its flesh and its roe and is limited in its up-river migrations by damming of the rivers. Young fish feed on small invertebrates, graduating to larger prey such as crabs and fish as they grow. The threats faced by this fish include excessive fishing with the removal of immature fish before they have bred, damming of the rivers, loss of spawning areas and water pollution. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed the fish as critically endangered and has suggested that the increased provision of hatcheries could be of benefit.
WebM
WebM (from "Web Movie") is an audiovisual media file format. It is primarily intended to offer a royalty-free alternative to use in HTML video and HTML audio elements. It has a sister project for images: WebP. The development of the format is sponsored by Google, and the corresponding software is distributed under a BSD license. WebM was a collaborative effort first released in 2010.

The WebM container is based on a profile of Matroska. WebM initially supported VP8 video and Vorbis audio streams. In 2013, it was updated to accommodate VP9 video and Opus audio. It also supports the AV1 codec.

Container format
A container format (informally, sometimes called a wrapper) or metafile is a file format that allows multiple data streams to be embedded into a single file, usually along with metadata for identifying and further detailing those streams.  Notable examples of container formats include archive files (such as the ZIP format) and formats used for multimedia playback (such as Matroska, MP4, and AVI). Among the earliest cross-platform container formats were Distinguished Encoding Rules and the 1985 Interchange File Format.
Question the Answers
Question the Answers is the fourth studio album by the American ska punk band the Mighty Mighty Bosstones, released on October 4, 1994. "Pictures to Prove It" was released to alternative radio on February 17, 1995.

Dicky Barrett
Richard Michael Barrett (born June 22, 1964), better known as Dicky Barrett, is an American singer who was the frontman of ska punk band the Mighty Mighty Bosstones. He was the announcer for Jimmy Kimmel Live! from 2004 until 2022. Barrett is known for his distinctive, loud, gravelly voice.

The Mighty Mighty Bosstones officially announced their breakup through their official website and social media feeds on January 27, 2022. Barrett revealed that the breakup occurred in part due to his views on the COVID-19 vaccine. Barrett went on to co-found and front the punk band the Defiant.
Larry Augustin
Larry Augustin (born October 10, 1962) is a former VP at Amazon Web Services.  He formerly was the chairman of the board of directors of SugarCRM. He is a former venture capitalist and the founder of VA Software (now Geeknet). During the height of the dot-com bubble, Augustin was a billionaire on paper at the age of 38.

Augustin is featured in the 2001 documentary film Revolution OS.

SugarCRM
SugarCRM is a software company based in Silicon Valley. It produces the on-premises and cloud-based web application Sugar, a customer relationship management (CRM) system.

SugarCRM's functionality includes sales-force automation, marketing campaigns, customer support, collaboration, Mobile CRM, Social CRM and reporting.

The company operates a number of websites, including its commercial website Sugarcrm.com and Sugar Outfitters (for third-party extensions), and an online user forum called SugarClub.

In February 2014, in a blog post that provoked a strong reaction from the development community, SugarCRM announced that they would no longer be releasing new open-source versions of their Community Edition application; from now on this would be a bug-fix-only application.
Henry Lion
Henry Lion (August 11, 1900 – October 25, 1966) was an American sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

His first significant work, a bronze statue called The Pioneer, was installed in 1925 in Carthay Circle, Los Angeles as an homage to  the neighborhood's founder, Daniel O'Connell McCarthy.

His 7½ foot cast bronze statue of the Spanish Colonial governor, Felipe de Neve, was installed in 1932 in the Los Angeles Plaza Park. The statue is mounted on a 4-foot  boulder (1.2 m) and includes a bronze dedication plaque with the following inscription:

Felipe de Neve, 1728-84, Spanish governor of the Californias, 1775-82. In 1781 on the orders of King Carlos III of Spain, Felipe de Neve selected a site near the river Porciuncula and laid out the town of El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Angeles, one of 2 Spanish pueblos he founded in Alta California

Carthay Circle, Los Angeles
Carthay Circle is a neighborhood in the Mid-City West region of Central Los Angeles, California.  Originally named Carthay Center, the neighborhood was later renamed after the famed Carthay Circle Theatre.
Diamond Offshore Drilling
Diamond Offshore Drilling, Inc. is an offshore drilling contractor. The company is headquartered in Katy, Texas, United States, and has major offices in Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Scotland, Singapore, and Norway.

It operates 15 drilling rigs including 11 semi-submersible platforms and 4 drillships. In September 2024, Noble Corporation completed its acquisition of the Texas firm.

Drillship
A drillship is a merchant vessel designed for use in exploratory offshore drilling of new oil and gas wells or for scientific drilling purposes. In recent years the vessels have been used in deepwater and ultra-deepwater applications, equipped with the latest and most advanced dynamic positioning systems.
Steppin' Out (Gonna Boogie Tonight)
“Steppin' Out (Gonna Boogie Tonight)” is a 1974 song by the American pop music group Tony Orlando and Dawn. It was written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown and was included on the group's 1973 album, Dawn's New Ragtime Follies.

Tony Orlando and Dawn
Tony Orlando and Dawn (also known simply as Dawn) is an American pop music group that was popular in the 1970s, composed of singer Tony Orlando and the backing vocal group Dawn (Telma Hopkins and Joyce Vincent Wilson). Their signature hits include "Candida", "Knock Three Times", "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "Say, Has Anybody Seen My Sweet Gypsy Rose", and "He Don't Love You (Like I Love You)".
South Junction, Manitoba
South Junction is a community in southeastern Manitoba in the Rural Municipality of Piney. It is approximately 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Winnipeg near the Canada–United States border. The Roseau–South Junction Border Crossing is located south of the community.

Roseau–South Junction Border Crossing
The Roseau–South Junction Border Crossing connects the cities of Roseau, Minnesota and South Junction, Manitoba on the Canada–United States border.  It is connected by Minnesota State Highway 310 in Roseau County on the American side and Manitoba Provincial Road 310 in the Rural Municipality of Piney on the Canadian side.  The crossing was established in 1948, and Canada is still using the border station it completed in 1953, which is located about a half mile north of the border.  The US rebuilt its border station in 2004.
Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology
Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the Canadian Psychological Association in collaboration with the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour, and Cognitive Science. It was established in 1947 and covers experimental psychology. Articles are published in English or French. The editor-in-chief is Debra Titone (McGill University).

Canadian Psychological Association
The Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) is the primary organization representing psychologists throughout Canada.  It was organized in 1939 and incorporated under the Canada Corporations Act, Part II, in May 1950.

Its objectives are to improve the health and welfare of all Canadians; to promote excellence and innovation in psychological research, education, and practice; to promote the advancement, development, dissemination, and application of psychological knowledge; and to provide high-quality services to members.
Dayné Peak
Dayné Peak (64°54′S 63°36′W﻿ / ﻿64.900°S 63.600°W﻿ / -64.900; -63.600) is a distinctive pyramidal peak, 730 metres (2,400 ft) high, immediately northeast of Cape Errera, the southwest tip of Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, and was named by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, for Pierre Dayné, a mountain guide and a member of the expedition.

Wiencke Island
Wiencke Island is an island 26 km (16 mi) long and from 3 to 8 km (1.9 to 5.0 mi) wide, about 67 km2 (26 sq mi) in area, the southernmost of the major islands of the Palmer Archipelago, lying between Anvers Island to its north across the Neumayer Channel and the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula to its east across the Gerlache Strait.
Spejbl and Hurvínek
Spejbl and Hurvínek (/s-payble & hoor-vee-neck/) is a Czech puppet comedy duo conceived by puppeteer Josef Skupa. Spejbl was carved by Karel Nosek in 1920 and Hurvínek by his nephew Gustav Nosek in 1926. Over time, their appearances, including physical shapes and costumes, gradually changed, and each carver contributed their unique style.

The duo, which became internationally successful, has its own theatre in Prague. They have appeared in a number of television series and Večerníček titles as well as several full-length films, including the 2017 3D animated Harvie and the Magic Museum. Various comedy albums have been released, each usually containing one story, about the dim-witted father Josef Spejbl and his son Hurvínek, who live in one apartment with Ms. Kateřina and her granddaughter Mánička, as well as the dog Žeryk (cs), who has the ability to bark words.

Harvie and the Magic Museum
Harvie and the Magic Museum (Czech: Hurvínek a kouzelné muzeum, Russian: Гурвинек: Волшебная игра, lit. 'Gurvinek: The Magic Game') is a 2017 3D animated comedy fantasy film based on the Czech Spejbl and Hurvínek puppet comedy duo.
1954 Canada Cup
The 1954 Canada Cup took place August 20–22 at the Laval-sur-le-Lac Golf Club in Laval, Quebec, Canada. It was the second Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 25 teams. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. 18 holes were played on the first two days with 36 holes played on the final day. The Australian team of Kel Nagle and Peter Thomson won by four strokes over the Argentine team of Antonio Cerdá and Roberto De Vicenzo. Canadian Stan Leonard had the lowest individual score with 275, two strokes ahead of Peter Thomson.

Kel Nagle
Kelvin David George Nagle AM (21 December 1920 – 29 January 2015) was an Australian professional golfer best known for winning The Open Championship in 1960. He won at least one tournament each year from 1949 to 1975.
Dallas Diamonds (basketball)
The Dallas Diamonds were an American women's professional basketball team. They played in the Women's Professional Basketball League (WBL), the first women's professional basketball team in the United States, from 1979 to 1981 and later in the Women's American Basketball Association (WABA) in 1984.

The star of both incarnations of the team was Nancy Lieberman, an Olympic medalist and former All-American.

Nancy Lieberman
Nancy Ilizabeth Lieberman (born July 1, 1958), nicknamed "Lady Magic", is an American former professional basketball player and coach in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), who is a broadcaster for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) as well as the head coach of Power, a team in the BIG3 which she led to its 2018 Championship. Lieberman is regarded as one of the greatest figures in American women's basketball.

In 2000, she was inducted into the Nassau County Sports Hall of Fame. Lieberman is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame, the St. Louis Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame, and the International Sports Hall of Fame.
Mathematical Biosciences
Mathematical Biosciences is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing work that provides new concepts or new understanding of biological systems using mathematical models, or methodological articles likely to find application to multiple biological systems. Papers are expected to present a major research finding of broad significance for the biosciences, or mathematical biology. Mathematical Biosciences welcomes original research articles, letters, reviews and perspectives.

The journal was established in 1967 and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is the mathematical biologist is Abba Gumel. His predecessor was the mathematical and theoretical biologist Santiago Schnell from the University of Notre Dame.  Under Schnell's leadership, the journal raised its impact factor from 1.680 (in 2018) to 4.300 (in 2022).

Santiago Schnell
Santiago Schnell FRSB FRSC (born 6 October 1971) is a Venezuelan scientist and academic administrator who is the provost of Dartmouth College, where he also holds appointments as Professor of Mathematics in the School of Arts and Sciences, Adjunct Professor of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, and Adjunct Professor of Biomedical Data Science at the Geisel School of Medicine.

Prior to his appointment at Dartmouth, he served as the William K. Warren Foundation Dean of the College of Science at the University of Notre Dame. Earlier in his career, he held faculty appointments at the University of Michigan, where he was Chair of the Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and the John A. Jacquez Collegiate Professor of Physiology, and at the University of Oxford as a Junior Research Fellow at Christ Church.
Arnaud Robinet
Arnaud Robinet (born 30 April 1975) is a French politician of Horizons. Since 2014, he has served as mayor of Reims. From 2008 to 2017, he was a member of the National Assembly for Marne's 1st constituency. In 2022, he was elected president of the Hospital Federation of France.

Horizons (political party)
Horizons (French: [ɔʁizɔ̃] ⓘ) is a centre-right political party in France founded in October 2021 by Édouard Philippe, at the time mayor of Le Havre and former Prime Minister of France.

The party was created with the purpose of attracting centre-right support for Emmanuel Macron for the 2022 French presidential election. It seeks to appeal to the secular and pro-European right, with a "social calling". Ahead of the 2022 legislative election, it formed a coalition with two other main centrist parties – Democratic Movement (MoDem) and La République En Marche! (LREM) – to coordinate which candidates it presents.
Woodpecker Detective's Office
Woodpecker Detective's Office (啄木鳥探偵處, Kitsutsuki Tantei-dokoro) is a 1999 Japanese mystery novel written by Kei Ii. An anime television series adaptation by Liden Films aired between April and June 2020.

Makoto Furukawa
Makoto Furukawa (古川 慎, Furukawa Makoto; born September 29, 1989) is a Japanese voice actor and singer previously affiliated with Space Craft Entertainment. He became a freelancer in September 2018. He joined the record label Toy's Factory in December 2018. He made his solo singer debut under Lantis in July 2018 with the song "miserable masquerade" produced by Satoru Kuwabara. He portrayed Saitama in One-Punch Man, Miyuki Shirogane in Kaguya-sama: Love Is War, Banri Tada in Golden Time, Taiju Oki in Dr. Stone, Rider of Red/Achilles in Fate/Apocrypha, Shaddiq Zenelli in Mobile Suit Gundam: The Witch from Mercury, and Tabito Karasu in Blue Lock. He also played two different versions of Sherlock Holmes in Moriarty the Patriot and The Tale of the Outcasts.
Dobongsan station
Dobongsan Station is a subway station on the Seoul Subway Line 1 and Line 7. It is the closest station to Mt. Dobong, where its name also comes from.

This station is geographically the northernmost station in Seoul. In addition, the Line 7 station is a transfer station operated by Seoul Metro that is not underground.

Dobongsan
Dobongsan (Korean: 도봉산) is a mountain in Bukhansan National Park, South Korea. It extends across Seoul, the national capital, and the cities of Yangju and Uijeongbu, in the province of Gyeonggi Province. It has an elevation of 739.5 m (2,426 ft). Nearby Dobongsan Station is named after it.

It is known for the magnificent rock formations of the Manjangbong, Seoninbong, Jubong, Obong and Uiambong Peaks. The Seoninbong summit has 37 hiking courses connecting to it, including the famous Bakjwi (Bat) Course. The mountain is also home to Cheonchuksa Buddhist Temple, the oldest temple in the region, and several other temples including Mangwolsa, Wonhyosa and Hoeryongsa, as well as a number of beautiful valleys called Donong, Songchu, Obong and Yeongeocheon. Furthermore, it is easily accessible by public transportation.
Liudvinavas
Liudvinavas (Polish: Ludwinów) is a small town in Marijampolė municipality, 9 km south of Marijampolė. It is the seat of the Liudvinavas Eldership. 
There is a church of Saint Louis (Louis IX of France), built in 1730, a high school, a kindergarten, a library, a cultural centre, a post office (LT-69022), a primary health care clinic and hydroelectric power plant in Liudvinavas. The town is famous for The Feast of St. Louis, which is celebrated annually on the last Sunday of August. In 2019 Liudvinavas was named Lithuania's Little Capital of Culture.

According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 966 people.

Liudvinavas Eldership
Liudvinavas eldership (Lithuanian: Liudvinavo seniūnija) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (seniūnija) in the southern part of Marijampolė County and Marijampolė Municipality. Eldership borders Lazdijai, Kalvarija and Alytus municipalities.

Its administrative seat is the town of Liudvinavas. Eldership has 55 towns and settlements and is divided into 11 sub-elderships (seniūnaitija).

The eldership contains three major settlements: Želsva, 7 km (4.3 mi) south-east of Liudvinavas, Netičkampis, 3 km (1.8 mi) north of Liudvinavas, and Padovinys, 6.6 km (4.1 mi) east of Liudvinavas.
Fructoselysine
Fructoselysine is an Amadori adduct of glucose to lysine.

It breaks down into furosine on acid-catalysed hydrolysis. E. coli breaks it down using the enzymes fructoselysine-6-kinase and fructoselysine 6-phosphate deglycase into glucose 6-phosphate and lysine, a set of enzymes located on the frl (fructoselysine) operon.

Amadori rearrangement
The Amadori rearrangement is an organic reaction describing the acid or base catalyzed isomerization or rearrangement reaction of the N-glycoside of an aldose or the glycosylamine to the corresponding 1-amino-1-deoxy-ketose.  The reaction is important in carbohydrate chemistry, specifically the glycation of hemoglobin (as measured by the HbA1c test).

The rearrangement is usually preceded by formation of a α-hydroxyimine by condensation of an amine with an aldose sugar. The rearrangement itself entails intramolecular redox reaction, converting this α-hydroxyimine to an α-ketoamine:

The formation of imines is generally reversible, but subsequent to conversion to the keto-amine, the attached amine is fixed irreversibly. This Amadori product is an intermediate in the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGE)s. The formation of an advanced glycation end-product involves the oxidation of the Amadori product.