hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Universal History (Sale et al)
The Universal History (complete title: An Universal history, from the earliest account of time. Compiled from original authors; and illustrated with maps, cuts, notes, &c. With a general index to the whole.) was a 65-volume universal history of the world published in London between 1747 and 1768.  Contributors included George Sale, George Psalmanazar, Archibald Bower, George Shelvocke, John Campbell and John Swinton. The novelist Tobias Smollett edited for a short period.

It was one of the first works to attempt to unify the history of Western Europe with the stories of the known world.
As a major historical synthesis on, among other subjects, European colonial activities during the modern era, the Modern Part of an Universal History (1754–65) can be considered, according to one specialist, Guido Abbattista, as a precursor of Guillaume Raynal's
Histoire des deux Indes (1770–80), of which it was one of the most important, even if not acknowledged, sources.

John Swinton (clergyman, born 1703)
John Swinton (1703 – 4 April 1777) was a British writer, academic, Fellow of the Royal Society, Church of England clergyman and orientalist. In 1731, he was a fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, but migrated to Christ Church in 1745. He contributed to George Sale's Universal History. Swinton also contributed articles on the transcription of the 'Ruins of Palmyra'. Beginning in 1749, Swinton donated a number of Roman coins to the collection at Christ Church. From 1767 until the year of his death he was Keeper of the Archives at Oxford University.
Seventeen (Japanese magazine)
Seventeen (Japanese: セブンティーン, Hepburn: Sebuntīn) is a quarterly Japanese fashion magazine aimed at female teenagers. The magazine is published by Shueisha and was originally launched in 1967 (based on the American Seventeen). In 1987 it became SEVENTEEN and in 2008 Seventeen.

Since the late 1990s, Seventeen has been the highest-selling teenage fashion magazine in Japan, and has featured its exclusive teenage models as ST-Mo (STモ - Seventeen Model). Seventeen is very sought after among models (teenage models) because being featured on the magazine especially on its cover and certain pages, strongly helps them to get high-quality endorsements and prestigious contracts. Well-known former Seventeen models include Megumi Asaoka, Keiko Kitagawa, Nana Eikura, Mirei Kiritani, Rie Miyazawa, Anna Tsuchiya, Hinano Yoshikawa, Emi Suzuki, and Anna Tanaka.

Seventeen (American magazine)
Seventeen is an American bimonthly teen fashion magazine headquartered in New York City. The publication targets a demographic of 11-to-21-year-old females and is owned by Hearst Magazines. Established in 1944, the magazine originally aimed to inspire teen girls to become model workers and citizens. However, it soon shifted its focus to a more fashion- and romance-oriented approach while still emphasizing the importance of self-confidence in young women. Alongside its primary themes, Seventeen also reports the latest news about celebrities.
Caquetá Territory
The Caquetá Territory (Spanish: Territorio del Caquetá) was a national territory of the Republic of New Granada and the subsequent states of the Granadine Confederation and the United States of Colombia from 1845 to 1886. Its capital was Mocoa.

United States of Colombia
The United States of Colombia (Spanish: Estados Unidos de Colombia) was the name adopted in 1863 by the Constitución de Rionegro for the Granadine Confederation, after years of civil war.  Colombia became a federal state itself composed of nine "sovereign states." It comprised the present-day nations of Colombia and Panama and parts of northwestern Brazil. After several more years of intermittent civil wars, it was replaced by the more centralist Republic of Colombia in 1886, predecessor to modern Colombia.
Topoxte
Topoxte (/tɒpɒʃtˈɛ/) (or Topoxté in Spanish orthography) is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the Petén Basin in northern Guatemala with a long occupational history dating as far back as the Middle Preclassic. As the capital of the Kowoj Maya, it was the largest of the few Postclassic Mesoamerican sites in the area. Topoxte is located on an island on Yaxha Lake across from the important Classic period center of Yaxha.

Topoxte was named by Teobert Maler in 1904; the name means "seed of the Ramón tree." There is no record of the name Topoxte prior to this. The Ramón tree, commonly known as breadnut, was an important component of the ancient Maya diet. Prior to this the site was known as Islapag, as noted in 1831 by Juan Galindo in his report to the Society of Antiquaries of London.

Petén Basin
The Petén Basin is a geographical subregion of the Maya Lowlands, primarily located in northern Guatemala within the Department of El Petén, and into the state of Campeche in southeastern Mexico.

During the Late Preclassic and Classic periods of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology many major centers of the Maya civilization flourished, such as Tikal and Calakmul. A distinctive Petén-style of Maya architecture and inscriptions arose. The archaeological sites La Sufricaya and Holmul are also located in this region.
Black Hole/Blank Canvas
Black Hole/Blank Canvas is the eleventh full-length studio album by the Norwegian band Motorpsycho. It is the first after long-time drummer Håkon Gebhardt left the band in spring 2005. The other two members, Hans Magnus Ryan and Bent Sæther decided to carry on as a duo. They recorded their new album in The Void studio in Eindhoven together with producer/engineer and long-time live sound technician Pieter Kloos and produced their third double album. It was released on March 17, 2006, (March 20 in Norway) and was followed by a European tour in spring. The band was joined by drummer Jacco van Rooij and vibraphonist Øyvind Brandtsegg, who also played on the 1994 album Timothy's Monster.

The second song from the album, "In our Tree", was premiered as a short clip on Norwegian TV station NRK during the program Lydverket, and later in full on the radio station P3.

Motorpsycho (band)
Motorpsycho is a Norwegian rock band from Trondheim. Their music can generally be defined as progressive or psychedelic rock, but they also mix in elements from alternative, jazz, post-rock, pop, country and many other musical styles. The stable members of the band are Bent Sæther (born 18 February 1969, bass/vocals) and Hans Magnus "Snah" Ryan (born 31 December 1969, guitar/vocals). From 1992 to March 2005, Håkon Gebhardt (born 21 June 1969) was the band's drummer. From December 2007 to May 2016 Kenneth Kapstad was the drummer of the band, being replaced by Tomas Järmyr, who joined in early 2017. Järmyr left the band in January 2023.
NHS East of England
NHS East of England was a strategic health authority of the National Health Service in England.  It operated in the East of England region, which is coterminous with the local government office region. The authority closed on 31 March 2013 as part of the Health and Social Care Act 2012.

East of England
The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes.  It consists of the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. The northern part of the region, consisting of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, is known as East Anglia. The latter region has been considered an informal region in its own right due to its differing cultural identity.

The population of the East of England in 2024 was 6,576,306. Bedford, Luton, Basildon, Peterborough, Southend-on-Sea, Norwich, Ipswich, Colchester, Chelmsford and Cambridge are the most populous settlements. Peterborough is the largest city in the East of England at 215,000. The southern part of the region lies in the London commuter belt.
Glen Haven, Michigan
Glen Haven is a restored port village on the shore of Lake Michigan on the Leelanau Peninsula within the now Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. Attractions include the Lake Michigan beach, a restored General Store and Blacksmith Shop. The unincorporated community is located in Glen Arbor Township.

Leelanau Peninsula
The Leelanau Peninsula (/ˈliːlənɔː/ LEE-lə-naw) is a peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan that extends about 30 miles (50 km) from the western side of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan into Lake Michigan, forming Grand Traverse Bay. It is often referred to as the "little finger" of the mitten-shaped lower peninsula. The peninsula is a tourist hotspot, especially due to the popularity of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, which adorns the southwestern coast of the peninsula. The peninsula is also largely agricultural, notably for cherries and wine.

Most of the peninsula is politically part of the eponymous Leelanau County, which also administers the nearby Manitou Islands and Fox Islands. The base of the peninsula, at its southern end, is divided between Benzie County and Grand Traverse County. Traverse City, the largest city in Northern Michigan, is located at the southeastern end of the peninsula, at the head of Grand Traverse Bay.
Protic solvent
In chemistry, a protic solvent is a solvent that has a hydrogen atom bound to an oxygen (as in a hydroxyl group −OH), a nitrogen (as in an amine group −NH2 or −NH−), or fluoride (as in hydrogen fluoride). In general terms, any solvent that contains a labile H+ is called a protic solvent. The molecules of such solvents readily donate protons (H+) to solutes, often via hydrogen bonding. Water is the most common protic solvent. Conversely, polar aprotic solvents cannot donate protons but still have the ability to dissolve many salts.

Methods for purification of common solvents are available.

Fluoride
Fluoride (/ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr-/) is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F− (also written [F]−), whose salts are typically white or colorless. Fluoride salts typically have distinctive bitter tastes and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base, since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion. Fluoride ions occur on Earth in several minerals, particularly fluorite, but are present only in trace quantities in bodies of water in nature.
Neva, Wisconsin
Neva is a town in Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 902 at the 2010 census, down from 994 at the 2000 census. The town established a post office in 1892, until it was discontinued in 1898.

The unincorporated communities of Deerbrook, Kempster, Neva, and Neva Corners are located in the town.

Deerbrook, Wisconsin
Deerbrook is an unincorporated community in Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. Deerbrook is on County Highway E, north of Antigo in the town of Neva. It has a post office that has been operating since 1887 with ZIP code 54424.
Gran Pajonal
The Gran Pajonal (Great Scrubland or Great Savanna) is an isolated interfluvial plateau in the Amazon Basin of Peru. It is located in the departments of Ucayali, Pasco and Junín. The plateau is inhabited by the Asháninka or Ashéninka people along with late-twentieth century immigrants largely from the Andes mountains of Peru. In the 1730s, Roman Catholic Franciscan missionaries established missions in the Gran Pajonal, but the missions were destroyed in the 1740s by the Ashaninka under the leadership of Juan Santos Atahualpa.

Beginning again in 1897, missionaries, collectors of rubber, settlers, and the government of Peru began to encroach on the Gran Pajonal. In the 1980s, the Asháninka achieved a measure of security when most of the land of the Gran Pajonal was deeded to 36 communities. The population of the Gran Pajonal in 2002 was estimated at 7,000, of which 90 percent were Asháninka.

Asháninka
The Asháninka or Asháninca are an Indigenous people living in the rainforests in the regions of Junín, Pasco, Huanuco, and Ucayali in Peru, and in the State of Acre in Brazil. Their ancestral lands are in the forests of Junín, Pasco, Huánuco and part of Ucayali in Peru.
Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt
59°57′44″N 30°18′54″E﻿ / ﻿59.9622°N 30.315°E﻿ / 59.9622; 30.315

Kammennoostrovsky Prospekt (Russian: Каменноостро́вский проспе́кт) is one of the main streets of Petrogradsky District of Saint Petersburg. It runs from Trinity Bridge and Trinity Square across Petrogradsky Island, the Karpovka River, Aptekarsky Island, the Malaya Nevka and Kamenny Island to the Bolshaya Nevka. It is served by two Saint Petersburg Metro stations: Gorkovskaya and Petrogradskaya. At Leo Tolstoy Square, where the Petrogradskaya Metro is located, Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt crosses another large avenue, Bolshoy Prospekt. The section of Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt between Trinity Square and the Malaya Nevka was named Red Dawns Street (улица Красных зорь) from 1918 to 1934 and Kirovsky Prospekt (Кировский проспект) after Sergey Kirov from 1934 to 1991.

Petrogradsky Island
Petrogradsky Island or Petrograd Island (Russian: Петроградский остров) is the third-largest island in the Neva River delta
in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Along with Zayachy Island, Aptekarsky Island, and Petrovsky Island, it constitutes the Petrogradskaya Side (Russian: Петроградская сторона). It is the administrative center of the Petrogradsky District and hosts a number of universities and research centers, as well as cultural, historical, and recreational facilities.
Points North (album)
Points North is the second studio album by the instrumental rock band Points North. It was recorded at the Foothill College Studio 1100  and released on April 21, 2015, on Magna Carta Records.

This album is the group's first with bassist Uriah Duffy. It contains a track "Colorblind" that finds the band adding vocal elements to their previous all-instrumental portfolio.  This album has found critical acclaim on rock and progressive rock review sites.

Points North
Points North is a California-based rock band consisting of guitarist Eric Barnett, bassist Uriah Duffy and drummer Kevin Aiello. The band has released two studio albums and is known for its high-energy shows.  The band also does gigs as their alter ego Fred Barchetta in tribute to the band Rush adding Darby Gould (formerly of Jefferson Starship) on vocals.
Béatrice Uria-Monzon
Béatrice Uria-Monzon (28 December 1963 – 19 July 2025) was a French mezzo-soprano. Her signature role was Bizet's Carmen, performed first in 1993 at the Opéra Bastille and then at leading opera houses especially in France, but also at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, the Metropolitan Opera in New York City and La Scala in Milan. She focused on French repertoire, including Charlotte in Massenet's Werther and other of the composer's heroines, and Béatrice in Béatrice et Bénédict and Marguerite in la Damnation de Faust, both by Berlioz. She also portrayed characters from the Italian repertoire, such as Eboli in Verdi's Don Carlos and Santuzza in Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana, later also including soprano roles such as Puccini's Tosca. She appeared in world premieres including Luca Francesconi's Trompe-la-mort in Paris in 2017.

The Love for Three Oranges
L'amour des trois oranges, Op. 33, is a 1921 satirical French-language opera by Sergei Prokofiev. He wrote his own libretto, basing it on the Italian play L'amore delle tre melarance, or The Love for Three Oranges (Russian: Любовь к трём апельсинам Lyubov k tryom apyelsinam) by Carlo Gozzi, and conducted the premiere, which took place at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago on 30 December 1921.
Find Your Man
Find Your Man is a 1924 American silent action/melodrama film starring Rin Tin Tin and June Marlowe. It was directed by Mal St. Clair who persuaded Warner Bros. to hire his friend, Darryl F. Zanuck, to write the screenplay; this began a long association between Zanuck and Rin Tin Tin.
Filming took place in Klamath Falls, Oregon. This film survives. It was transferred onto 16mm film by Associated Artists Productions in the 1950s and shown on television.

Find Your Man was promoted as “wholesome melodrama at its very best.”

Malcolm St. Clair (filmmaker)
Malcolm St. Clair (May 17, 1897 – June 1, 1952) was a Hollywood film director, writer, producer and actor.

St. Clair's film career spanned the silent and sound era during the Hollywood Golden Age. His work is characterized by a “dynamic visual style”  evident in all the genres he treated.

The zenith of St. Clair's filmmaking occurred during the  silent film era, demonstrating his flexibility in wielding the medium as a director of comedies. His films included slapstick for Sennett, outrageous gag routines with Keaton and sophisticated comic-romances for Paramount.

His performance as a director declined with the advent of sound, suffering from the increased censorship, and his difficulty adapting to a less mobile camera and studio editing of his work. His later films were often limited to B movie “family” comedies, such as the Jones Family series, Lum and Abner and the later Laurel and Hardy features.

Most of St. Clair's silent films are lost or have limited access in archives.
Tomofun
Tomofun is an international pet technology startup founded in 2014 by Victor Chang and mentored by Steve Chang, chairman of the global software security company Trend Micro.

Tomofun's debut product, Furbo, an interactive pet camera, was launched through the crowdfunding website Indiegogo in 2016 and became one of the fastest growing crowdfunding campaigns in history, reaching its crowdfunding goal in less than 8 hours.

Steve Chang
Steve Chang (Chinese: 張明正; born 1954) is a Taiwanese businessman and the founder, chairman and former CEO of Trend Micro, the world's largest software security firm. He was named "Star of Asia" by the Business Week in 1999, and he was selected as one of the six protagonists of the Discovery Channel's Portraits Taiwan II in 2006.
ABC Southern Queensland
ABC Southern Queensland is an ABC Local Radio station based in Toowoomba broadcasting to the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Australia.  This includes the towns of Roma, Warwick, Dalby, Kingaroy and Goondiwindi.

Goondiwindi
Goondiwindi (/ɡʊndəˈwɪndi/) is a rural town and locality in the Goondiwindi Region, Queensland, Australia. It is on the border of Queensland and New South Wales. In the 2021 census, the locality of Goondiwindi had a population of 6,230.
Language-independent specification
A language-independent specification (LIS) is a programming language specification providing a common interface usable for defining semantics applicable toward arbitrary language bindings.

LIS's are language-agnostic; they mitigate the risk that a certain language binding might reduce compatibility with other languages. An ideal LIS allows the language bindings to take advantage of features of a programming language uncompromisingly.

Examples of LIS include Interface description language (IDL), Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator (SWIG) and Common Language Infrastructure (CLI).

Recursive transcompiling can be used to distribute a language independent specification across many different technologies, with each technology potentially keeping an authoritative description of a different part of the specification.  Recursive transcompiling provides the general methodology for distributing this authoritative information through the rest of the derivative code pipeline.

Common Language Infrastructure
The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open specification and technical standard originally developed by Microsoft and standardized by ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23271) and Ecma International (ECMA 335) that describes executable code and a runtime environment that allows multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms without being rewritten for specific architectures. This implies it is platform agnostic. The .NET Framework, .NET and Mono are implementations of the CLI.
The metadata format is also used to specify the API definitions exposed by the Windows Runtime.
Lars Lindeman
Lars Sebastian "Basse" Lindeman (23 March 1920 in Viipuri – 14 September 2006 in Lahti) was a Finnish politician and ambassador.

Lindeman completed his degree in agricultural engineering in 1944. He worked in the municipality of Ingå since 1945 and as a representative of the Finlands Svenska Arbetarförbund since 1947. He was a Social Democratic MP from the Uusimaa constituency between 1958 and 1976, after which he became Ambassador to Oslo and Reykjavík between 1976 and 1984 and to Lisbon in 1984-1985. He was the second Minister of Agriculture in Paasio I Cabinet from 1966 to 1968.

Uusimaa (parliamentary electoral district)
Uusimaa (Swedish: Nyland) is one of the 13 electoral districts of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. The district was established as Uusimaa Province (Finnish: Uudenmaan lääni; Swedish: Nylands län) in 1907 when the Diet of Finland was replaced by the Parliament of Finland. It was renamed Uusimaa in 1997. It is conterminous with the region of Uusimaa but excludes the municipality of Helsinki which has its own electoral district. The district currently elects 37 of the 200 members of the Parliament of Finland using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 parliamentary election it had 801,205 registered electors.
Young's Motorsports
Young's Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that competes in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series. They field the No. 02 Chevrolet Camaro SS full-time for Ryan Ellis and the No. 42 for multiple drivers. They previously competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and ARCA Menards Series.

Brad Perez
Bradley Adam Perez (born January 21, 1997) is an American professional stock car racing driver and pit crew member. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 45 Chevrolet Camaro SS for Alpha Prime Racing and No. 07 for SS-Green Light Racing and part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 10 Ford Mustang for Fast Track Racing. He previously worked as a tire specialist in the Truck Series for Rackley W.A.R. from 2021 to 2022.
Make It 16 Incorporated v Attorney-General
Make It 16 Incorporated v Attorney-General is a 2022 ruling of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in which the court held that the country's current voting age of 18 was discriminatory. The court found that the provisions in the Electoral Act 1993 and Local Electoral Act 2001 that set the voting age of 18 years was an unjustified limitation on the right to be free from age discrimination in section 19 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (BORA).

In response to the judgment, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern subsequently announced that a bill to lower the voting age to 16 would be debated in the New Zealand Parliament, requiring a supermajority to pass. Polling after the judgment by The New Zealand Herald showed that 79 per cent of respondents did not support lowering the voting age. Stuff reported in December 2022 that 73 mayors and councillors across the country had signed a letter supporting the Make It 16 campaign.

Local Electoral Act 2001
The Local Electoral Act 2001 is an act of the New Zealand Parliament that provides for the regulation of local government elections in New Zealand.

The purpose of the Act is to provide for modern, flexible local electoral law. The Act sets uniform rules in relation to significant components of the local government electoral system while allowing for individual local authorities (territorial authorities and regional councils) to determine other matters. The Act is administered by the Department of Internal Affairs and the responsible minister is the Minister of Local Government.