hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biographical evaluation
Biographical evaluation (Arabic: عِلْمُ الرِّجال, romanized: ʿilm ar-rijāl; literally meaning 'Knowledge of Men', but more commonly understood as the Science of Narrators) refers to a discipline of Islamic religious studies within hadith terminology in which the narrators of hadith are evaluated. Its goal is to establish the credibility of the narrators, using both historic and religious knowledge, in order to distinguish authentic and reliable hadiths from unreliable hadiths. ʿIlm ar-rijāl is synonymous with what is commonly referred to as al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl (discrediting and accrediting) – the criticism and declared acceptance of hadith narrators.

Ibn Asakir
Ibn Asakir (Arabic: ابن عساكر, romanized: Ibn ‘Asākir; 1105–c. 1176) was a Syrian Sunni Islamic scholar, who was one of the most prominent and renowned experts on Hadith and Islamic history in the medieval era, and a disciple of the Sufi mystic Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi. Ibn Asakir was an accomplished jurist, hadith specialist and a prolific writer. He was the pre-eminent figure of the Asakir dynasty, whose family members occupied the most prominent positions as judges and scholars of the Shafi'i school of the Sunni law in Damascus for almost two centuries.
Islam: Empire of Faith
Islam: Empire of Faith is a documentary series, made in 2000, that details the history of Islam, from the birth of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad to the Ottoman Empire.  It is narrated by Ben Kingsley and is available as three DVDs or two video volumes in NTSC format.

The first episode deals with the life of Muhammad, the second with the early Caliphates, Crusades, and Mongol invasion, and the third with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid dynasty.

Boston College professors Jonathan Bloom and Sheila Blair served as consultants for the series.

Sheila Blair
Sheila S. Blair (born November 26, 1948) is a Canadian-born American art historian and educator. Blair has served as the dual Norma Jean Calderwood University Professor of Islamic and Asian Art at Boston College, along with her husband, Jonathan M. Bloom.
Musa itinerans
Musa itinerans, the Yunnan banana, is a species of banana found in continental Southeast Asia from Northeast India to Vietnam. The tender inner stalk is also harvested and eaten. It is the landmark 24,200th plant species saved at Kew Gardens' Millennium Seed Bank Project. With this addition, the seed bank had collected 10% of the world's wild plant species. In China it is an important food for wild Asian elephants.

Musa itinerans is found in the Assam region of Northwest India, Bangladesh, Southeast and South-central China, the Hainan province of China, Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP or MSB), formerly known as the Millennium Seed Bank Project, is the largest ex situ plant conservation programme in the world, coordinated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. After being awarded a Millennium Commission grant in 1995, the project commenced in 1996, and is now housed in the Wellcome Trust Millennium Building situated in the grounds of Wakehurst Place, West Sussex. Its purpose is to provide an "insurance policy" against the extinction of plants in the wild by storing seeds for future use. The storage facilities consist of large underground frozen vaults preserving the world's largest wild-plant seedbank or collection of seeds from wild species. The project had been started by Dr Peter Thompson and run by Paul Smith after the departure of Roger Smith. Roger Smith was awarded the OBE in 2000 in the Queen's New Year Honours for services to the Project.
Cunningham Ncube
Cunningham Ncube (born 17 April 1990) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Westerns in the 2007–08 Logan Cup on 17 May 2008. He made his Twenty20 debut for Matabeleland Tuskers in the 2018–19 Stanbic Bank 20 Series on 12 March 2019. In December 2020, he was selected to play for the Tuskers in the 2020–21 Logan Cup. His fielding position is the Wicket-keeper and he bats right handed in almost all of his games.

2019 Stanbic Bank 20 Series
The 2019 Stanbic Bank 20 Series was the eighth edition of the Stanbic Bank 20 Series, a Twenty20 cricket tournament in Zimbabwe. It took place from 11 to 17 March 2019. The tournament featured four teams, instead of the five that were scheduled to take part in the previous edition, with the Rising Stars being disbanded. There was no defending champion, as the previous edition of the tournament was cancelled.

Following the conclusion of the group stage, Mashonaland Eagles and Mid West Rhinos advanced to the third-place play-off match. Matabeleland Tuskers and Mountaineers progressed to the final. The final finished as a no result due to rain, so Matabeleland Tuskers were declared the winners, after finishing highest in the group stage of the tournament.
Devayani (actress)
Sushma Jaidev (born 22 June 1974), professionally known as Devayani Rajakumaran, is an Indian actress known for her works primarily in Tamil and Malayalam films. She has also appeared in a few Telugu, Kannada, Hindi and Bengali films.

She has received several awards for her performances  in Kadhal Kottai (1996), Suryavamsam (1997) and Bharathi (2000).

She was honoured with a Kalaimamani Award in 2000. She won the Best Supporting Actress for the movie Azhagi (2002). She also won the Best Television Actress for her role in the serial Kolangal (2003–2009).

Kalaimamani
The Kalaimamani (lit. 'Jewel of Arts') is the highest civilian award in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. These awards are given by the Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Mandram (literature, music and theatre), a unit of the Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Tamil Nadu, to recognise artists in the state for their achievements.

The Tamil Nadu government has appointed dancer Chitra Visweswaran as the secretary of Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Manram. Film music director Deva is its chairman.
Benifallet
Benifallet (Catalan pronunciation: [benifaˈʎet]) is a municipality in the comarca of Baix Ebre, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has a population of 718 (register office, 2024) .

This town is located by the Ebro River, below the Cardó Massif. It is popular among kayakers who make trips down the final Ebro Gorges.

There are also locally arranged trips on rafts and kayaks down the Ebro Gorges.

Ebro
The Ebro (Spanish and Basque [ˈeβɾo] ⓘ; Catalan: Ebre, Western: [ˈeβɾe], Eastern: [ˈeβɾə]) is a river of the north and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain. It rises in Cantabria and flows 930 kilometres (580 mi), almost entirely in an east-southeast direction. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea, forming a delta in the Terres de l'Ebre region, in southern Catalonia. In the Iberian peninsula, it ranks second in length after the Tagus and second in discharge volume, and drainage basin, after the Douro. It is the longest river entirely within Spain; the other two mentioned flow into Portugal.

The Ebro flows through many cities (Spanish: ciudades): Reinosa in Cantabria; Frías and Miranda de Ebro in Castile and León; Haro, Logroño, Calahorra, and Alfaro in La Rioja; Tudela in Navarre; Alagón, Utebo, and Zaragoza in Aragon; and Flix, Móra d'Ebre, Benifallet, Tivenys, Xerta, Aldover, Tortosa, and Amposta in the province of Tarragona (Catalonia).
Carmen Maria Machado
Carmen Maria Machado (born July 3, 1986) is an American short story author, essayist, and critic best known for Her Body and Other Parties, a 2017 short story collection, and her memoir In the Dream House, which was published in 2019 and won the 2021 Folio Prize.

Machado has been published in The New Yorker, Granta, Lightspeed, and other publications. She has been a finalist for the National Book Award and the Nebula Award for Best Novelette. Her stories have been reprinted in Year's Best Weird Fiction, Best American Science Fiction & Fantasy, Best Horror of the Year, The New Voices of Fantasy, and Best Women's Erotica.

Iowa Writers' Workshop
The Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa, is a graduate-level creative writing program. At 90 years, it is the oldest writing program offering a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in the United States. Its acceptance rate is between 2.7% and 3.7%. On the university's behalf, the workshop administers the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism and the Iowa Short Fiction Award.

The workshop's director is the writer Lan Samantha Chang, under whom its endowment has grown from $2.6 million to $12.5 million.
Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte
Stadtmitte (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtatˌmɪtə] ⓘ, City Centre) is an urban quarter in the central Borough 1 of Düsseldorf, Germany. Stadtmitte borders with Carlstadt, Pempelfort, Oberbilk and the old town of Düsseldorf: Düsseldorf-Altstadt.  Stadtmitte has an area of 1.77 km2 (0.68 sq mi), and 14,654 inhabitants (2020).

In the Stadtmitte there are:

Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof, the Main Station for Düsseldorf

the Schadowstraße - one of the highest turnover shopping streets in Europe

the greatest theatre of Düsseldorf (Schauspielhaus)

the stock exchange of Düsseldorf

WestLB, the central bank of North Rhine-Westphalia (Landeszentralbank)

Thyssen-Haus (Dreischeibenhaus)

the Königsallee, short Kö, a prominent shopping street.

Department store on Königsallee

"Sevens" shopping arcade

Schauspielhaus

Düsseldorf Hbf (central station)

Schadowstraße
Schadowstraße is a shopping street in Düsseldorf, Germany, located in the districts of Stadtmitte and Pempelfort. The street cuts through downtown Düsseldorf, starting at Königsallee, passing the Tausendfüßler and reaching up to Berliner Allee. Schadowstraße is named after the German Romantic painter Wilhelm von Schadow.

The Western section towards Königsallee is a pedestrian zone and has some landmark buildings, such as the Schadow Arkaden, a shopping mall designed by German architect Walter Brune in 1994, and the Peek & Cloppenburg flagship store, designed by American architect Richard Meier in 2001. A new underground station named "Schadowstraße" is currently under construction at the junction with Berliner Allee and scheduled to open in 2014. It is one of the most frequented shopping streets in Düsseldorf.
Group of Eight (music)
The Group of Eight (also known by its Spanish name Grupo de los Ocho) was a group of Spanish composers and musicologists, including Jesús Bal y Gay, Ernesto Halffter and his brother Rodolfo, Juan José Mantecón, Julián Bautista, Fernando Remacha, Rosa García Ascot, Salvador Bacarisse and Gustavo Pittaluga. The group, loosely modelled on Les Six and The Five (similar nationalist coalitions of composers), was formed in 1930 to oppose musical conservatism in Spain. Its members, who were closely allied to the literary movement Generation of '27, met in Madrid's Residencia de Estudiantes to perform avant-garde works and discuss the aesthetics of music. The group came to an end with the Spanish Civil War and the ensuing Francoist State when most of its members left Madrid or went into exile abroad.

Jesús Bal y Gay
Jesús Bal y Gay (23 June 1905 – 3 March 1993) was a Spanish composer, music critic, and musicologist. He was a member of Generation of '27 and the Group of Eight, the latter of which also included composers Julián Bautista, Ernesto Halffter and his brother Rodolfo, Juan José Mantecón, Fernando Remacha, Rosa García Ascot, Salvador Bacarisse and Gustavo Pittaluga. He married Ascot in 1933.
Lincoln Custom
The Lincoln Custom is a custom limousine and long-wheelbase touring sedan that was built by Lincoln in 1941 and 1942 and the lower level series Lincoln produced in 1955. Initially it was a replacement for the previous Model K Lincolns (produced from 1934 to 1939) and earlier luxury cars of the 1920s and 1930s. The body work for the Custom was provided by the factory and came in one appearance and abandoned the previous Model L and Model K of years past of manufacturing only the chassis then a long list of coachbuilders would provide coachwork to the customer's preference. In later years it was simply the base model series.

Limousine
A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short, is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically. A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.

In some countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.
E-Flexer-class ferry
The E-Flexer is a class of Chinese-built Ro-Pax ferries ordered by Stena RoRo for European line service. There are twelve vessels that have been built; they are operated by Stena Line, Brittany Ferries, DFDS Seaways and Marine Atlantic. There are three vessels on order and upon delivery, they will be operated by Corsica Linea and Attica Group. Stena Line took five vessels of the class, Brittany Ferries five (four powered by LNG, two of which are also hybrid electric), and a single vessel each to DFDS and Marine Atlantic, of which the latter's vessel is also hybrid electric. All of the vessels were delivered to Stena RoRo with the Stena Line vessels transferred to that company and the Brittany Ferries, DFDS and Marine Atlantic examples long-term chartered to those operators, with an option to purchase at the end of the charter.

MV Guillaume de Normandie
MV Guillaume de Normandie is a roll-on/roll-off ferry owned by SOMANOR and operated by Brittany Ferries. She serves on a route between Portsmouth and Caen (Ouistreham). She was built at the China Merchants Jinling Shipyard, Weihai.
Disney Village
Disney Village is a shopping, dining, and entertainment complex in Disneyland Paris, located in the town of Marne-la-Vallée, France. Originally named Festival Disney, it opened on April 12, 1992, covering an area of approximately 18,000 square metres (190,000 sq ft) inside what was then known as Euro Disney Resort.

Based on Walt Disney World's Disney Village Marketplace (now Disney Springs), Disney Village was designed by architect Frank Gehry with towers of oxidized silver and bronze-colored stainless steel under a canopy of lights. It is adjacent to the two theme parks of Disneyland Paris and the Lake Buena Vista hotel area.

Tokyo Disney Resort
The Tokyo Disney Resort (東京ディズニーリゾート, Tōkyō Dizunī Rizōto) (local nickname TDR) is a theme park and vacation resort located in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan, just east of Tokyo. The resort is owned and operated by the Oriental Land Co., a subsidiary of the Keisei Electric Railway, under a license from The Walt Disney Company, which designed and constructed the resort and its various attractions through its Imagineering research & development arm.

The resort opened on April 15, 1983, as a single theme park (Tokyo Disneyland), later developing into a resort with a second theme park (Tokyo DisneySea), six Disney themed hotels, six non-Disney hotels and a shopping complex (Ikspiari). Tokyo Disneyland was the first Disney theme park to open outside the United States and the complex is the only Disney resort in the world not owned or operated by Disney Experiences in any capacity.
2023 North Norfolk District Council election
The 2023 North Norfolk District Council election took place on 4 May 2023 to elect members of North Norfolk District Council in Norfolk, England. This was on the same day as other local elections across England.

North Norfolk
North Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Cromer, and the largest town is North Walsham. The district also includes the towns of Fakenham, Holt, Sheringham, Stalham and Wells-next-the-Sea, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district lies on the north coast of Norfolk, facing the North Sea, with much of its coastline lying within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Some south-eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads. The neighbouring districts are Great Yarmouth, Breckland, Broadland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Kenmore-Town of Tonawanda School District
The Kenmore-Town of Tonawanda Union Free School District, also called the Ken-Ton School District, or simply Ken-Ton Schools,  serves Kenmore and a majority of the Town of Tonawanda in New York State.  It is one of the largest in Western New York.

Kenmore, New York
Kenmore is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 15,205 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.

Kenmore is in the south part of the town of Tonawanda, and together with the town it is often referred to as "Ken-Ton". It is bordered to the south by the city of Buffalo. The village is in the northwest part of Erie County.

The village has received accolades: In 2009, the American Planning Association named Kenmore "One of the Top 10 Great Neighborhoods" in the United States. The village is also one of the country's 100 most densely populated incorporated places.
F-15599
F-15,599, also known as NLX-101, is a potent and selective 5-HT1A receptor full agonist. In addition, it displays functional selectivity, or biased agonism, by preferentially activating postsynaptic serotonin 5-HT1A receptors over somatodendritic serotonin 5-HT1A autoreceptors. The drug has been investigated for potential use as a pharmaceutical drug in the treatment of conditions including depression, schizophrenia, cognitive disorders, Rett syndrome, and fragile X syndrome.

5-HT1A receptor
The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptors, or 5-HT receptors, that binds serotonin, also known as 5-HT, a neurotransmitter. 5-HT1A is expressed in the brain, spleen, and neonatal kidney. It is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), coupled to the Gi protein, and its activation in the brain mediates hyperpolarization and reduction of firing rate of the postsynaptic neuron. In humans, the serotonin 1A receptor is encoded by the HTR1A gene.
Jōmon Sugi
30°21′40″N 130°31′55″E﻿ / ﻿30.3610°N 130.5319°E﻿ / 30.3610; 130.5319

Jōmon Sugi (縄文杉) is a large Cryptomeria tree (yakusugi) located on Yakushima, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in Japan.  It is the oldest and largest among the old-growth cryptomeria trees on the island, and is estimated to be between 2,170 and 7,200 years old. Other estimates of the tree's age include "at least 5,000 years", "more than 6,000 years", and "up to 7,000 years old".  The tree's name is a reference to the Jōmon period of Japanese prehistory.

Cryptomeria
Cryptomeria (literally "hidden parts") is a monotypic genus of conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae. It includes only one species, Cryptomeria japonica (syn. Cupressus japonica L.f.). It is considered to be endemic to Japan, where it is known as Sugi (杉).  The tree is also called Japanese cedar or Japanese redwood in English. It has been extensively introduced, and cultivated for wood production on the Azores and elsewhere.
Sverige-class coastal defence ship
The Sverige-class coastal defence ships were a class of  coastal defence ships that, at the time of introduction, were the largest ships to serve in the Swedish Navy. Their design was completely new and was influenced by the ships of the time. Their armament consisted of four 283 mm (11 in)/45 cal. Bofors guns in two turrets and eight 152 mm (6 in) Bofors guns in one double and six single turrets. During the Second World War they were the backbone of the Swedish Navy.

Bofors 283 mm M/12 naval gun
The Bofors 283 mm M/12 naval gun was a naval rifle of 283 millimetres (11.1 in) and 45 calibers used as the main battery of the Swedish Sverige-class coastal defence ships. It was designed and built by Bofors a few years before the First World War.
Maple Leaf Creek
Maple Leaf Creek is located in McMillan Township of Michigan's Ontonagon County in the Upper Peninsula.  The creek has its origin in Section 17 of the township, and winds its way through Sections 16 and 15, flowing into the South Branch Ontonagon River, about 11⁄3 miles north of the community of Ewen.

Ontonagon County, Michigan
Ontonagon County  (/ˌɒntəˈnɑːɡən/ ON-tə-NAH-gən) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,816, making it Michigan's third-least populous county. The county seat is Ontonagon. The county was set off in 1843, and organized in 1848. Its territory had been organized as part of Chippewa and Mackinac counties. With increasing population in the area, more counties were organized. After Ontonagon was organized, it was split to create Gogebic County. It is also the westernmost county in the United States that lies within the Eastern Time Zone.
Battle of Buxar
The Battle of Buxar was fought between 22 and 23 October 1764, between the forces of the British East India Company, under the command of Major Hector Munro, against the combined armies of Shah Alam II, the Emperor of the Mughal Empire; Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Balwant Singh, the Maharaja of the Benares State; Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Awadh.

The battle was fought at Buxar, a "strong fortified town" within the territory of Bihar, located on the banks of the Ganges river about 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Patna; it was a challenging victory for the British East India Company. The war was brought to an end by the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. The defeated Indian rulers were forced to sign the treaty, granting the East India Company Diwani rights, which allowed them to collect revenue from the territories of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa on behalf of the Mughal emperor.

Buxar
Buxar  is a nagar parishad city in the state of Bihar, India, sharing border with Balia and Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of the eponymous Buxar district, as well as the headquarters of the community development block of Buxar, which also contains the census town of Sarimpur along with 132 rural villages.

The historic Battle of Chausa and Battle of Buxar were fought in this vicinity. Buxar Railway Station lies on Patna–Mughalsarai section of Howrah–Delhi main line in the zone of eastern central Indian railway. It is approximately 125 km from the state capital of Patna. Bhojpuri is the widely spoken language in Buxar.
Electronic Communications Convention
The United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (the "Electronic Communications Convention", ECC or e-cc) is a treaty that aims at facilitating the use of electronic communications in international trade. It was prepared by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 23 November 2005. Pursuant to Article 23, it entered into force on 1 March 2013, the first day of the month after six months passed following adoption by three States parties, namely the Dominican Republic, Honduras, and Singapore.

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) (French: Commission des Nations Unies pour le droit commercial international (CNUDCI)) is a subsidiary body of the U.N. General Assembly (UNGA) responsible for helping to facilitate international trade and investment.

Established by the UNGA in 1966, UNCITRAL's official mandate is "to promote the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law" through conventions, model laws, and other instruments that address key areas of commerce, from dispute resolution to the procurement and sale of goods.

UNCITRAL carries out its work at annual sessions held alternately in New York City and Vienna, where it is headquartered.