hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arnold of Brescia
Arnold of Brescia (c. 1090 – June 1155), also known as Arnaldus (Italian: Arnaldo da Brescia), was an Italian canon regular from Lombardy, who called on the Church to renounce property-ownership and participated in the Commune of Rome of 1144–1193. He is considered a Proto-Reformer and precursor of the Protestant Reformation.

Exiled at least three times and eventually arrested, Arnold was hanged by the papacy; his remains were burned posthumously and the ashes thrown into the  River Tiber. Though he failed as a religious reformer and a political leader, his teachings on apostolic poverty gained currency after his death among "Arnoldists" and more widely among Waldensians and the Spiritual Franciscans, though no written word of his has survived the official condemnation. Protestants rank him among the precursors of the  Protestant Reformation.

Proto-Protestantism
Proto-Protestantism, also called pre-Protestantism, refers to individuals and movements that propagated various ideas later associated with Protestantism before 1517, which historians usually regard as the starting year for the Reformation era. The relationship between medieval sects and Protestantism is an issue that has been debated by historians.

Successionism is the further idea that these proto-Protestants are evidence of a continuous hidden church of true believers, despite their manifest differences in belief.
Upton–Avenue Market station
Upton–Avenue Market station (formerly known simply as Upton station) is an underground Metro SubwayLink station in West Baltimore, Maryland located near the intersection of Pennsylvania Avenue and Laurens Street. The station takes its name from the surrounding Upton neighborhood and the nearby Avenue Market at 1700 Pennsylvania Avenue. It is the ninth most northern and western station on the line.

Upton, Baltimore
Upton is a neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The neighborhood is in the western section of the city, roughly between Fremont Avenue and McCulloh Street, extending from Dolphin Street to Bloom Street. Its principal thoroughfare is Pennsylvania Avenue.

Located within the Old West Baltimore Historic District, Upton has historically been one of the economic, political and cultural centers of the city's black community. In the early 21st century, it is the focus of the city's urban revitalization programs.
Homeotic protein bicoid
Homeotic protein bicoid is encoded by the bcd maternal effect gene in Drosophilia. Homeotic protein bicoid concentration gradient patterns the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis during Drosophila embryogenesis. Bicoid was the first protein demonstrated to act as a morphogen. Although bicoid is important for the development of Drosophila and other higher dipterans, it is absent from most other insects, where its role is accomplished by other genes.

Morphogen
A morphogen is a substance whose non-uniform distribution governs the pattern of tissue development in the process of morphogenesis or pattern formation, one of the core processes of developmental biology, establishing positions of the various specialized cell types within a tissue. More specifically, a morphogen is a signaling molecule that acts directly on cells to produce specific cellular responses depending on its local concentration.

Typically, morphogens are produced by source cells and diffuse through surrounding tissues in an embryo during early development, such that concentration gradients are set up. These gradients drive the process of differentiation of unspecialised stem cells into different cell types, ultimately forming all the tissues and organs of the body. The control of morphogenesis is a central element in evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo).
Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries
"Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries" is a popular song with music by Ray Henderson and lyrics by Lew Brown, published in 1931. Ethel Merman introduced this song in George White's Scandals of 1931. A Rudy Vallée version, recorded in 1931, achieved success.  The song was revived in 1953 by singer Jaye P. Morgan.

The song title gave rise to the revue of Henderson's music called It's the Cherries, which launched the American Composer Series in 2000.

American Composer Series
The American Composer Series is an ongoing performance series in the cabaret revue format, paying tribute to the greatest composers of popular American music on the American scene, particularly those composers associated with Tin Pan Alley.  Launched by musical director Earl Wentz in 2000 with a tribute to Ray Henderson (composer of mega-hits “Life is Just a Bowl of Cherries,” “Bye Bye Blackbird,” “Button Up Your Overcoat,” “The Birth of the Blues” and others) titled It’s the Cherries, the series has continued to add new shows to its repertoire at the rate of one or two per year.  As of 2009, the American Composer Series had created some 15 original revue tributes, many of them returning for multiple runs over the years.
Spycatcher
Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer (1987) is a memoir written by Peter Wright, former MI5 officer and assistant director, and co-author Paul Greengrass. Wright drew on his experiences and research into the history of the British intelligence community. Published first in Australia, the book was banned in England (but not Scotland) due to its allegations about government policy and incidents. These efforts ensured the book's notoriety, and it earned considerable profit for Wright.

In 2021 and 2023, the Cabinet Office was still blocking or redacting freedom of information requests for files on the Spycatcher affair despite the rule that documents should be released after 30 years. Information belonging to the security services is absolutely exempted from the Freedom of Information Act.

Peter Wright (MI5 officer)
Peter Maurice Wright CBE (9 August 1916 – 26 April 1995) was a principal scientific officer for MI5, the British counter-intelligence agency.  His book Spycatcher, written with Paul Greengrass, became an international bestseller with sales of over two million copies. Spycatcher was part memoir, part exposé detailing what Wright claimed were serious institutional failures he investigated within MI5. Wright is said to have been influenced in his counterespionage activity by James Jesus Angleton, counter-intelligence chief of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1954 to 1975.
Wyano, Pennsylvania
Wyano is a census-designated place located in South Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County in the state of Pennsylvania, United States.  The community is located just to west of Interstate 70.  As of the 2010 census the population was 484 residents.

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the population was 354,663. The county seat is Greensburg and the most populous community is Hempfield Township. It is named after Westmorland, a historic county of England. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
Henry Holmes Croft
Henry Holmes Croft (March 6, 1820 in London – March 1, 1883 in San Diego, Texas) was a British scientist and educator in Canada.

Croft was invited to join the faculty at King's College (now University of Toronto) in Toronto, arriving in 1842. From 1850 to 1853 he was university vice-chancellor and later with the university senate.

Croft was a member of the University Rifle Corps (9th Company of The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada) in the 1860s and participated in the Fenian raids as captain in 1866. Croft left Toronto in 1880 to retire to his son's ranch in Texas.

He contributed to the foundation of the Entomological Society of Canada.

Queen's Own Rifles of Canada
The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada is a Primary Reserve regiment of the Canadian Armed Forces, based in Toronto. The regiment is part of 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group. It is the only reserve regiment in Canada to currently have a parachute role. The regiment consists of the reserve battalion, the Regimental Association, and the Regimental Band and Bugles. The official abbreviation is The QOR of C, but the name is often abbreviated to QOR.

The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada parade out of Moss Park Armoury in downtown Toronto. The unit motto is in pace paratus: in peace prepared.
Operator of last resort
An operator of last resort is a business in the United Kingdom that operates a railway franchise on behalf of the government when a train operating company (TOC) is no longer able to do so, and it is nationalised on an interim basis. Since the last appointment in June 2023, there are now six such operators of seven rail services in England, Wales and Scotland. In December 2024, following new legislation in November, it was announced that the first of the remaining contracted TOCs would be taken back into public ownership in May 2025.

ScotRail (brand)
ScotRail (Scottish Gaelic: Rèile na h-Alba) has been the brand name used for all Scottish regional and commuter rail services, including some cross-border services, since September 1983, as well as many of the country's intercity services.

Since 2008, it is the permanent name of the Scottish commuter rail service, regardless of the train operating company that operates it. The ScotRail service was re-nationalised by the Scottish Government on 1 April 2022.
Alfred Bertheim
Alfred Bertheim (17 April 1879 – 17 August 1914) was a German chemist, best known for his research on arsenic compounds with Paul Ehrlich.

Bertheim was born in 1879 in Berlin and studied chemistry in Strasbourg and Berlin, where he gained his doctorate in 1901, with a thesis "Ueber die fluorescierende Verbindung aus Chlor-alpha-naphtochinonacetessigeste". He served as an assistant to Privy Councilor Liebermann and Professor Rosenheim in Berlin.

In 1904 and 1905, he worked as a manufacturing chemist in Bitterfeld before moving to the Georg-Speyer-Haus in 1906. There, together with Paul Ehrlich, he elucidated the chemical constitution of atoxyl and synthesized innumerable arsenobenzene compounds. He was also responsible for the synthesis of Salvarsan and published "Ein Handbuch der organischen Arsenverbindungen" (A handbook of organic arsenic compounds).

Bertheim enlisted as a war volunteer and died in an accident in Berlin on 17 August 1914.

Arsphenamine
Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan or compound 606, is an antibiotic drug that was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s as the first effective treatment for the deadly infectious diseases syphilis, relapsing fever, and African trypanosomiasis.
This organoarsenic compound was the first modern antimicrobial agent.
Gretchen Menn
Gretchen Menn is an American guitarist and composer who has her own original instrumental work and is also the lead guitarist for Zepparella, an all-female Led Zeppelin tribute band. She was included in Guitar Player Magazine's '50 Sensational Female Guitarists' and Guitar Player Magazine's '50 Years of Extraordinary Players.' In 2017 she was one of 11 female guitarists selected to contribute a track onto She Rocks, Vol. 1, a compilation released on Steve Vai’s label: 'Favored Nations'. In 2017 she was nominated by readers of Vintage Guitar Magazine as 'Artist of the Year', alongside Allan Holdsworth, Steve Vai, Dan Auerbach, Rik Emmett, and Andy Timmons. She has provided lessons for Acoustic Guitar Magazine, JamPlay - an online guitar lesson provider, and has been a 3-time counselor at Rock and Roll Fantasy Camps.

She Rocks, Vol. 1
She Rocks, Vol. 1: A Collection of Kick-Ass Guitar Goddesses is a 2017 compilation album featuring female rock guitarists, released by Favored Nations Entertainment on January 20, 2017. The album was produced by Brad Tolinski and Steve Vai. The cover art was designed by Laura B. Whitmore.
IL Stjørdals-Blink
Idrettslaget Stjørdals-Blink is a Norwegian sports club from Stjørdalshalsen, Trøndelag. It has sections for association football, team handball, volleyball, track and field, orienteering, cycling, swimming, gymnastics, speed skating, and Nordic skiing.

Play-offs to the Norwegian Second Division
The Play-offs to the 2. divisjon in association football took place from 2000 up to and including the 2010 season.

The play-offs were instituted because of the streamlining of the 2. divisjon ahead of the 2001 season. It was reduced from eight to four groups, and thus, not all winners of the 3. divisjon groups could be promoted.

From the 2011 season, the 3. divisjon was streamlined to have twelve groups, where the winners are promoted to the four groups of the 2. divisjon, whence three teams (on average) in each of the four 2. divisjon groups are relegated to the 3. divisjon.
Kuhmoinen
Kuhmoinen (Swedish: Kuhmois) is a municipality of Finland, in Pirkanmaa region, but until 2021, it was part of the Central Finland region. The municipality is home to 2,037 inhabitants.

Neighbour municipalities are Jämsä, Kangasala, Luhanka, Orivesi, Padasjoki and Sysmä. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Kuhmoinen is a municipality very much preferred by summer residents, and the municipality's population increases fivefold during the summer months.

Regions of Finland
Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)
which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.

In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.
Charles Tour
The Charles Tour, currently titled as the Jennian Homes Charles Tour for sponsorship reasons, is a New Zealand-based golf tour run by Golf New Zealand and the New Zealand PGA. It is named after Bob Charles. The tour was founded in 2008, replacing the Golf Tour of New Zealand which had run from 2004 to 2007.

In September 2015, the tour undertook a title sponsorship by New Zealand-based home building company Jennian Homes.

With the exception of the Super 6s event, tournaments are over 72 holes, played over 4 days. They feature a mixture of professionals and amateurs, men and women. There have been between four and six tournaments each year. Michael Hendry has the most wins on the tour, with nine between 2009 and 2023.

Michael Hendry
Michael Hendry (born 15 October 1979) is a professional golfer from New Zealand. Since 2013 he has played primarily on the Japan Golf Tour where he has won twice. He has also won four times on the PGA Tour of Australasia.
Ken Oxendine
Kenneth Quarious Oxendine (born October 4, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for two seasons for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) He was selected in the seventh round of the 1998 NFL draft with the 201st overall pick. After the NFL, he briefly played for the XFL's Los Angeles Xtreme during the 2001 season.

Oxendine played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies.  His senior year, despite splitting time with Lamont Pegues, Oxendine rushed for 904 yd (827 m) and eight touchdowns.

Following his football career, Oxendine became a physical education instructor.  Since 2006, he has been teaching physical education at Notre Dame Academy in Duluth, Georgia. Ken is married to Mei-Ling Oxendine and they have two daughters.

Oxendine was raised in Chester, Virginia.  He attended Curtis Elementary School, Chester Middle School, and was a graduate of Thomas Dale High School.

Thomas Dale High School
Thomas Dale High School is a public high school located in Chester, an unincorporated community in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States.

It was named for Sir Thomas Dale, a 17th-century leader in the Virginia Colony. The high school is operated by the local school division, Chesterfield County Public Schools.
Buggenhout
Buggenhout (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbʏɣə(n)ɦʌut] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Belgian province of East Flanders in the Denderstreek. The municipality comprises the towns of Buggenhout proper, Briel, Opdorp, and Opstal. In 2021, Buggenhout had a total population of 14,689. The total area is 25.25 square kilometres.

Buggenhout is also known for its forest, the "Buggenhoutbos", which is the largest forest of East Flanders.

The geographic centre of Flanders lies in Opdorp.

Buggenhout has two breweries, Bosteels Brewery (known for the "Tripel Karmeliet", "Deus" (a champagne beer), "Kwak") and De Landtsheer, now called Brouwerij Malheur  (known for "Malheur").

Denderstreek
The Denderstreek or Denderland is a region in Belgium. It is named after the river Dender. Though the river stretches over three provinces, Hainaut, East Flanders and Flemish Brabant, the region called after the river is situated in East Flanders. Most of the Denderstreek is part of the Scheldeland (Scheldtland), the rest is part of the Flemish Ardennes.
Vincent I. Maduka
Vincent I. Maduka Listenⓘ, OFR (born October 5, 1935) is a Nigerian engineer, broadcaster and the first director general of the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA). He holds the Nigerian national honour of the Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, OFR (2003). He was between 2008 and 2016 a senior fellow at the  Pan-Atlantic University, Lagos, Nigeria.

Nigerian Television Authority
The Nigerian Television Authority or NTA is a Nigerian government-owned and partly commercial broadcast station. Originally known as Nigerian Television (NTV), it was inaugurated in 1977 with a monopoly on national television broadcasting, after a takeover of regional television stations by military governmental authorities in 1976. After a declining interest from the public in government-influenced programming, it lost its monopoly over television broadcasting in Nigeria in the 1990s.

The NTA runs the largest television network in Nigeria with stations in several parts of the country. It is widely viewed as the "authentic voice" of the Nigerian government.
Son frère (film)
Son frère (English: His Brother) is a 2003 French film directed by Patrice Chéreau. It was based on the 2001 Philippe Besson novel Son frère (His Brother). The screenplay was written by Chéreau and Anne-Louise Trividic.

His Brother (novel)
His Brother (French: Son frère) is a novel by Philippe Besson. It was published by Julliard in Paris in 2001. It was later published as a softcover issue.

It was translated into English by Frank Wynne, published in 2004 by Heinemann (ISBN 9780434012114).
Han Fuju
Han Fuju or Han Fu-chü (simplified Chinese: 韩复榘; traditional Chinese: 韓復榘; pinyin: Hán Fùjǔ; Wade–Giles: Han Fu-chü; 1890 – 24 January 1938) was a Kuomintang general in the early 20th century. He rose up the ranks of the Guominjun clique in the Warlord era but then went over to the Kuomintang, and held the position of military governor of Shandong from 1930 to 1938.  Han had one wife, two concubines, and four sons.

Zhang Zongchang
Zhang Zongchang (Chinese: 張宗昌; pinyin: Zhāng Zōngchāng; also romanized as Chang Tsung-chang; 1881 – 3 September 1932), courtesy name Xiaokun, was a Chinese warlord who ruled Shandong from 1925 to 1928. A member of the Fengtian clique, Zhang was notorious for his brutal and ruthless behavior, eccentric personality, and extravagant lifestyle, which earned him nicknames such as the "Dogmeat General". In 1927, Time  dubbed him China's "basest warlord".

Zhang's troops were defeated by the National Revolutionary Army during the Northern Expedition in 1928, and he fled to Japan before returning to Shandong in 1932, where he was assassinated by a young officer.
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Annales Polonici Mathematici is a mathematical journal published by the Mathematical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Usually 2 volumes of 3 issues are published. All articles published by this journal are indexed and described in Mathematical Reviews. The journal publishes original research papers in mathematical analysis and geometry. As of October 2023, the editor-in-chief of the journal is Sławomir Kołodziej.

Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polish: Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored national academy of sciences and institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes.

It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II.
The Bandit of Zhobe
The Bandit of Zhobe is a 1959 British CinemaScope adventure film directed by John Gilling and starring Victor Mature, Anne Aubrey and Anthony Newley. It was written by Gilling and Richard Maibaum. In British India a bandit goes on a rampage in the mistaken belief that the British have killed his family, which later proves to not be the case. It was produced by Albert Broccoli for Warwick Films and features extensive use of footage from Gilling's previous Zarak (1956).

Albert R. Broccoli
Albert Romolo Broccoli (/ˈbrɒkəli/ BROK-əl-ee; April 5, 1909 – June 27, 1996), nicknamed "Cubby", was an American film producer who made more than 40 motion pictures throughout his career. Most of the films were made in the United Kingdom and  often filmed at Pinewood Studios. Co-founder of Danjaq, LLC and Eon Productions, Broccoli is most notable as the producer of many of the James Bond films. He and Harry Saltzman saw the films develop from relatively low-budget origins to large-budget, high-grossing extravaganzas. Broccoli's heirs  Barbara Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson continued to produce new Bond films until 2021 when the franchise rights were sold to Amazon.
Rebel Yell (album)
Rebel Yell is the second studio album by the English rock singer Billy Idol, released on 10 November 1983 by Chrysalis Records  in the US and on 9 January 1984 in the UK. After the release of his 1982 eponymous debut studio album, Idol continued his collaboration with producer Keith Forsey and multi-instrumentalist Steve Stevens. The album was recorded at Electric Lady Studios in New York. Initially recorded without a drummer, utilizing only the LinnDrum and Roland TR-808 drum machines, Forsey and Stevens later decided to hire Thommy Price to play drums on some of the songs. The cover sleeve and images were shot by Brian Griffin. Idol got the idea of the album's title after attending a party with the Rolling Stones and drinking Rebel Yell bourbon whiskey.

Perri Lister
Perri Lister (born 10 April 1959) is an English dancer, singer and actress. She was a dancer with the British dance troupe Hot Gossip which appeared regularly on The Kenny Everett Video Show in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United Kingdom. In the 1980s Lister was a backing vocalist for a number of pop music acts, including Billy Idol, with whom she had a nine-year relationship.
Stone Ridge, New York
Stone Ridge is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 1,234 at the 2020 census.

Stone Ridge is located in the Town of Marbletown, along US 209 where it overlaps NY 213.

Marbletown, New York
Marbletown is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 5,658 at the 2020 census.  It is located near the center of Ulster County, southwest of the City of Kingston. US 209 and NY 213 pass through the town. It is at the eastern edge of the Catskill Park.