hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Distancing language
Distancing language is phrasing used by a person to psychologically "distance" themselves from a statement. It is used in an effort to separate a particular topic, idea, discussion, or group from their own personal identity for the purpose of self-deception, deceiving others, or disunifying oneself from a team, among others. The use of distancing language is primarily subconscious as a means to disengage oneself from acts or ideas that conflict with their personal values, beliefs, and ideals, and is often used to identify if a person is lying. Conscious uses of distancing language are often euphemistic in nature in order to downplay or desensitize a loaded topic in an effort to separate the speaker from the subject at hand.

Loaded language
Loaded language is rhetoric used to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strong connotations. This type of language is very often made vague to more effectively invoke an emotional response and/or exploit stereotypes. Loaded words and phrases have significant emotional implications and involve strongly positive or negative reactions beyond their literal meaning.
Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge
The Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge is a 4-lane road bridge located in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It opened in 1955 as a two lane road after much pressure from Wilkes T. Thrasher, a prominent Hamilton County Judge, to the Federal Government. In the 1980's, the bridge was widened to four lanes. Traffic was rerouted via the neighboring C.B. Robinson Bridge carrying State Route 319 (Du Pont Pkwy) and carries Tennessee State Route 153 over the Chickamauga Dam crossing the Tennessee River.

Chickamauga Dam
The Chickamauga Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Tennessee River in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States.  The dam is owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority, which built the dam in the late 1930s as part of a New Deal era initiative to improve navigation and bring flood control and economic development to the Tennessee Valley.  The dam impounds the 36,240-acre (14,670 ha) Chickamauga Lake and feeds into Nickajack Lake.  The dam and associated infrastructure were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

Chickamauga Dam is named for the Chickamaugas, a politically detached branch of the Cherokee whose chief village was located just north of the dam site during the 18th century.  The tribe's name has also been applied to several streams in the Chattanooga area, as well as an important American Civil War battle and a sandbar that existed at the dam site prior to its construction.
Kenilworth, New Jersey
Kenilworth is a borough in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 8,427, an increase of 513 (+6.5%) from the 2010 census count of 7,914, which in turn reflected an increase of 239 (+3.1%) from the 7,675 counted in the 2000 census.

Kenilworth was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on May 13, 1907, from portions of Cranford and Union Township, based on the results of a referendum held on June 18, 1907.

Rahway River Parkway
The Rahway River Parkway is a greenway of parkland along the banks the main stem Rahway River and its tributaries in Union County, New Jersey, United States. Created in the 1920s, it was one of the inaugural projects of the newly created Union County Parks Commission. It was designed by the Olmsted Brothers firm, sons of landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. The Rahway River Greenway plan expands on the original design. Many of the crossings of the river are late 19th century or early 20th century bridges. The East Coast Greenway uses paths and roads along the parkway.

The parkway intersects with the 7.3-mile main line of the abandoned Rahway Valley Railroad via abandoned rail trestle over the river, which some have advocated for converting to a pedestrian linear park and rail trail.

Sections of the parkway have been dedicated part of the September 11th National Memorial Trail.
Artificial reproduction
Artificial reproduction is the re-creation of life brought about by means other than natural ones. It is new life built by human plans and projects. Examples include artificial selection, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, artificial womb, artificial cloning, and kinematic replication.

Artificial reproduction is one aspect of artificial life. Artificial reproduction can be categorized into one of two classes according to its capacity to be self-sufficient: non-assisted reproductive technology and assisted reproductive technology.

Cutting plants' stems and placing them in compost is a form of assisted artificial reproduction, xenobots are an example of a more autonomous type of reproduction, while the artificial womb presented in the movie the Matrix illustrates a non assisted hypothetical technology. The idea of artificial reproduction has led to various technologies.

Reproductive technology
Reproductive technology encompasses all current and anticipated uses of technology in human and animal reproduction, including assisted reproductive technology (ART), contraception and others. It is also termed Assisted Reproductive Technology, where it entails an array of appliances and procedures that enable the realization of safe, improved and healthier reproduction. While this is not true of all people, for an array of married couples, the ability to have children is vital. But through the technology, infertile couples have been provided with options that would allow them to conceive children.
KIIZ-FM
KIIZ-FM (92.3 MHz or Z-92.3) is a commercial urban contemporary radio station in Killeen, Texas. The station is owned and operated by iHeartMedia, Inc.  The station's studios are located in nearby Harker Heights, and its transmitter is located in Killeen.

Killeen, Texas
Killeen is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Bell County. According to the 2020 census, its population was 153,095, making it the 19th-most populous city in Texas and the largest of the three principal cities of Bell County. It is the principal city of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Killeen is 55 miles (89 km) north of Austin, 125 miles (201 km) southwest of Dallas, and 125 miles (201 km) northeast of San Antonio.

Killeen is directly adjacent to the main cantonment of Fort Hood. Its economy depends on the activities of the post, and the soldiers and their families stationed there. It is known as a military "boom town" because of its rapid growth and high influx of soldiers.
Eisbach, Styria
Eisbach (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪsbax]) is a former municipality in the district of Graz-Umgebung in the Austrian state of Styria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it is part of the municipality Gratwein-Straßengel.

Graz-Umgebung District
Bezirk Graz-Umgebung (German: [ɡʁaːt͡s umˈɡeːbuŋ], lit. Graz Surroundings) is a district of the state of Styria in Austria. It forms a continuous ring around Graz, the capital city of Styria and also the seat of the district commission.

Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it consists of the following municipalities:
Pink Palace Museum and Planetarium
The Pink Palace Museum & Mansion is a local and natural history museum in Memphis, Tennessee. The museum features exhibits ranging from archeology to chemistry as well as a large theater and a planetarium. Over 240,000 people visit the Pink Palace each year. The museum is part of the Memphis Museums of Science and History, a collection of historic, educational, and technological attractions maintained by the City of Memphis and Memphis Museums, Inc.

Clarence Saunders
Clarence Saunders (August 9, 1881 – October 14, 1953) was an American grocer who first developed the modern retail sales model of self service. His ideas have had a massive influence on the development of the modern supermarket. Saunders worked for most of his life trying to develop a truly automated store, developing Piggly Wiggly, Keedoozle, and Foodelectric store concepts.
Andrew N. Johnson
Andrew Nathan Johnson (1876–1959) was a Methodist minister. He was born in Jackson County, Kentucky and attended Asbury College in Wilmore.

An ardent advocate for prohibition, in 1944 Johnson was the Prohibition Party's nominee for Vice-President of the United States. The Party, meeting in Indianapolis November 1943 originally named Floyd C. Carrier as its vice presidential candidate. At the time of the nomination, Carrier was serving as general secretary for the American Temperance Society. He subsequently dropped out of the campaign because of health problems. Johnson was added by the party's executive committee to replace him. Johnson and Claude Watson, the party's presidential nominee, actively campaigned throughout the election cycle and were on the ballot in 27 states for the 1944 general election. They received a total of 74,758 votes.

Asbury University
Asbury University is a private Christian university in Wilmore, Kentucky, United States. Although it is a non-denominational school, the college is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement and is a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Connection. The school offers 50-plus majors across 17 departments. In the fall of 2016, Asbury University had a total enrollment of 1,854: 1,640 traditional undergraduate students and 214 graduate students. The campus of Asbury Theological Seminary, which became a separate institution in 1922, is located across the street from Asbury University.
Nankai Main Line
The Nankai Main Line (南海本線, Nankai Honsen) is one of the two main railway lines of Japanese private railway company Nankai Electric Railway, together with Kōya Line. The route is from Namba Station in south downtown of Osaka to Wakayamashi Station in Wakayama via Sakai, Izumiōtsu, Kishiwada, Kaizuka, Izumisano, Sennan, Hannan and Misaki municipalities. The proper name is with the company's name, "the Nankai Main Line", not simply "the Main Line" often seen in other Japanese private railways. Lines of the Nankai Main Lane and the connecting lines excluded the Kōya Line and the Airport Line are named generically "the Nankai Line (南海線, Nankai Sen)". The line is shown with a pictogram of waves, or distinguished with blue from conifer or green Kōya Line.

Sennan, Osaka
Sennan (泉南市, Sennan-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2021, the city had an estimated population of 60,318 in 26214 households and a population density of 1200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 48.98 square kilometres (18.91 sq mi).
British NVC community W7
NVC community W7 (Alnus glutinosa - Fraxinus excelsior - Lysimachia nemorum woodland)  is one of the woodland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system; it is one of seven woodland communities in the NVC classed as "wet woodlands".

Wet woodland
A wet woodland is a type of plant community. It is a biodiversity habitat in the United Kingdom as part of the British National Vegetation Classification system.

Wet woodlands occurs on poorly drained or seasonally wet soils. They may occur in river valleys, the surroundings of mires and raised bog, the transition zones between open water and drier ground, and beside small winding streams.
Bovine Sex Club
The Bovine Sex Club is a bar on Toronto's Queen Street West strip. In operation since January 1991, the Bovine Sex Club (often shortened to 'the Bovine') has at various times found itself at the forefront of Toronto's rock, punk, heavy metal, alternative, and rockabilly music scenes.

Queen Street (Toronto)
Queen Street is a major east–west thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It extends from Roncesvalles Avenue and King Street in the west to Victoria Park Avenue in the east. Queen Street was the cartographic baseline for the original east–west avenues of Toronto's and York County's grid pattern of major roads. The western section of Queen (sometimes simply referred to as "Queen West") is a centre for Canadian broadcasting, music, fashion, performance, and the visual arts.
Bucherer reaction
The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of a naphthol to a naphthylamine in the presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite.  The reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dye precursors aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids.

C10H7-2-OH  +  NH3 ⇌   C10H7-2-NH2  +  H2O

The French chemist Robert Lepetit was the first to discover the reaction in 1898.  The German chemist Hans Theodor Bucherer (1869–1949) discovered (independent from Lepetit) its reversibility and its potential especially in industrial chemistry. Bucherer published his results in 1904 and his name is connected to this reaction. The organic reaction also goes by the name Bucherer-Lepetit reaction or (incorrectly) the Bucherer-Le Petit reaction.

The reaction is used to convert 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene into 7-amino-1-naphthol and 1-aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid into 1-hydroxynaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid. It is also useful for transamination reactions of 2-aminonaphthalenes.

2-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine or 2-aminonaphthalene is one of two isomeric aminonaphthalenes, compounds with the formula C10H7NH2. It is a colorless solid, but samples take on a reddish color in air because of oxidation. It was formerly used to make azo dyes, but it is a known carcinogen and has largely been replaced by less toxic compounds.
Qila Gujar Singh
Qila Gujar Singh (Fort of Gujjar Singh) is a residential neighborhood located in the central part of the city of Lahore, Pakistan.

It is the site of the fort of the 18th-century Bhangi Misl ruler Sardar Gujar Singh Bhangi a Sandhu Jat Sikh. The fort's walls and a gate still remain. There is a busy market in the streets of this neighborhood 'Qila Gujar Singh'. It is surrounded by Police Lines Road, the Lahore Hotel, a TV station, and a radio station.

Gujjar Singh Bhangi
Sardar Gujjar Singh Bhangi (died early 1790; alternatively spelt as Gurja or Gujar) was a Sikh warrior of the Bhangi Misl, and one of the triumvirates who ruled over Lahore prior to the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
Starcross railway station
Starcross is a small station on the Exeter to Plymouth line in the village of Starcross, Devon, England. It is 8 miles 44 chains (13.8 km) down the line from Exeter St Davids and 202 miles 36 chains (325.8 km) from London Paddington, via Box. The station is managed by Great Western Railway, which operates all trains serving it. One of the South Devon Railway engine houses, which formerly powered the trains on this line, is situated alongside the station.

South Devon Railway engine houses
The South Devon Railway engine houses were built in Devon, England, to power the atmospheric trains on the South Devon Railway between Exeter St Davids and Plymouth Millbay railway stations. They contained boilers that provided the power to pumps that created the partial vacuum to move the trains. Three of them still stand largely intact alongside the line.
496th Air Base Squadron
The 496th Air Base Squadron (496 ABS) is a United States Air Force Geographically Separated Unit (GSU), stationed on the Spanish Air and Space Force (SASF) installation of Morón Air Base, Spain.  The 496 ABS is part of the 65th Air Base Group, Lajes Field, Portugal, under the 86th Airlift Wing, Ramstein Air Base, Germany.

65th Air Base Group
The 65th Air Base Group is a group of the United States Air Force based at Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal.

The group provides base and en route support for the U.S. Department of Defense, allied nations and other authorized aircraft in transit, including those from the Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, Colombia, Germany, Venezuela and Great Britain.
New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance
The Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance (OTDA) is a division of the New York state government responsible for overseeing programs that provide financial assistance, housing support, and other services to individuals and families in need. It administers initiatives such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). It is part of the pro forma Department of Family Assistance along with the Office of Children and Family Services.

Government of New York (state)
The government of the State of New York, headquartered at the New York State Capitol in Albany, encompasses the administrative structure of the US state of New York, as established by the state's constitution. Analogously to the US federal government, it is composed of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The head of the executive is the governor. The legislature consists of the Senate and the Assembly. The Unified Court System consists of the Court of Appeals and lower courts. The state is also divided into counties, cities, towns, and villages, which are all municipal corporations with their own government.
Melissa Molinaro
Melissa Smith (born June 4, 1982), known professionally as Melissa Molinaro, is a Canadian-American pop singer, actress, dancer, choreographer, and model. She is perhaps best known for her reality TV appearances on Making the Band 3 and Pussycat Dolls Present: The Search for the Next Doll. She co-starred in Dolph Lundgren's action film, Command Performance, and had a major role in Honey 2. She adopted her mother's maiden name Molinaro as her professional name in 2010. Melissa has received notable attention from her appearance in Old Navy's "Super C-U-T-E" commercial in 2011 and for the video for "Dance Floor", the first single from Melissa's debut album "The Love/Dance Project".

Jersey Shore Shark Attack
Jersey Shore Shark Attack is a 2012 television film that aired on Syfy on June 8, 2012 and was written by Michael Ciminera and Richard Gnolfo. It was built around the popularity of the well-known MTV program, Jersey Shore.
Danny Bryant
Danny Bryant (born 26 July 1980) is an English blues guitarist and singer-songwriter. He was born and grew up in Royston, Hertfordshire, England. At the age of 14, he began playing the guitar and became a professional guitar player at the age of 18. Since then he has toured all over the world and appeared on bills alongside a number of notable artists such as Buddy Guy, Carlos Santana, Joe Cocker and Mick Taylor.

Royston, Hertfordshire
Royston is a town and civil parish in the District of North Hertfordshire and county of Hertfordshire in England.

It is situated on the Greenwich Meridian, which brushes the town's eastern boundary, and at the northernmost apex of the county on the same latitude as towns such as Milton Keynes and Ipswich.  It is about 43 miles (69 km) north of central London in a rural area.

Until 1896, the boundary between Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire ran east–west through the centre of town along the middle of Baldock Street and Melbourn Street. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 17,444.
Dog Day Afternoon (play)
Dog Day Afternoon is a play by American playwright Stephen Adly Guirgis, based on the 1975 film of the same name directed by Sidney Lumet. The film itself is based on the Life magazine article "The Boys in the Bank" by P. F. Kluge and Thomas Moore, which is about the real-life 1972 Brooklyn bank robbery by John Wojtowicz and Salvatore Naturile.

Dog Day Afternoon is scheduled to premiere on March 30, 2026, at the August Wilson Theatre on Broadway, with Rupert Goold as director and Jon Bernthal and Ebon Moss-Bachrach in the lead roles.

A stage adaptation of the film by Guirgis was originally announced in 2016, with production by Warner Bros. Theatre Ventures. At the time, no date had been set for the production. In June 2025, it was announced the play would premiere in early 2026, with Bernthal and Moss-Bachrach as cast members, both making their Broadway debuts. The opening date was later announced as March 30, with previews scheduled to begin on March 10, 2026.

Ebon Moss-Bachrach
Ebon Che Moss-Bachrach (/ˈɛbɪn mɑːs ˈbækˈræk/) (born March 19, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for his role as restaurant manager Richie Jerimovich in the comedy-drama series The Bear (2022–present), for which he was twice awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in addition to two Golden Globe Award nominations.

Moss-Bachrach has also had major television roles on Girls (2014–2017) and NOS4A2 (2019–2020), and appeared in the first season of Andor (2022). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, he portrayed David "Micro" Lieberman in the first season of The Punisher (2017), and starred as Ben Grimm / The Thing in the film The Fantastic Four: First Steps (2025) and is set to reprise the role in Avengers: Doomsday (2026).
John K. Kruschke
John Kendall Kruschke is an American psychologist and statistician known for his work in connectionist models of human learning, 
and in Bayesian statistical analysis.
He is Provost Professor Emeritus

 
in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Indiana University Bloomington. 
He won the Troland Research Award from the National Academy of Sciences in 2002.

Troland Research Awards
The Troland Research Awards are an annual prize given by the United States National Academy of Sciences to two researchers (preferably 45 years of age or younger) in recognition of psychological research on the relationship between consciousness and the physical world.  The areas where these award funds are to be spent include but are not limited to areas of experimental psychology, the topics of sensation, perception, motivation, emotion, learning, memory, cognition, language, and action. The award preference is given to experimental work with a quantitative approach or experimental research seeking physiological explanations.
2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship was the 10th edition of the event. It was held in Belo Horizonte, Brazil from 5 to 10 May 2014. The Russian club Belogorie Belgorod won the title for the first time.

VC Belogorie
VC Belogorie Belgorod (Russian: ВК Белогорье) is a Russian professional volleyball club based in Belgorod, which is participating in the Russian Volleyball Super League. VC Belogorie won the Russian Championship and the Russian Cup eight times each. The club is also a three-times CEV Champions League champion.
St Helena Magistrates' Court
St Helena Magistrates' Court is a Magistrates' Court in Jamestown, Saint Helena, which is part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. It is a court of summary jurisdiction and one of three courts on the island, the others being the Saint Helena Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and the Juvenile Court. The Magistrates' Court has jurisdiction to try any offence which carries a sentence of fewer than 14 years imprisonment. The Court can pass a maximum sentence of 18 months imprisonment (or 3 years for more than one offence) when constituted of a bench of Lay Magistrates or 5 years if the case is heard by the Chief Magistrate.

Royal Saint Helena Police Service
The Royal Saint Helena Police Service, formerly the Saint Helena Police Service, is the local police force for the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, consisting of the South Atlantic islands of Saint Helena, Ascension and the island group of Tristan da Cunha.

The Royal Saint Helena Police Service is part of the Safety, Security and Home Affairs Portfolio which also includes the Fire and Rescue Service, His Majesty's Prison Jamestown, the Immigration Office and the Sea Rescue Service.