hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bobby Frank Cherry
Bobby Frank Cherry (June 20, 1930 – November 18, 2004) was an American white supremacist, terrorist, and Klansman who was convicted of murder in 2002 for his role in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963. The bombing killed four young African-American girls (Carole Robertson, Cynthia Wesley, Addie Mae Collins, and Denise McNair) and injured more than 20 other people.

Fred Shuttlesworth
Freddie Lee Shuttlesworth (born Freddie Lee Robinson, March 18, 1922 – October 5, 2011) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights activist who led fights against segregation and other forms of racism, during the civil rights movement. He often worked with Martin Luther King Jr., although they did not always agree on tactics and approaches.

In 1957, along with Martin Luther King Jr., Shuttlesworth was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In 1961, he took up a pastorate in Cincinnati, Ohio to work against racism, and on behalf of homeless people, but remained active in Birmingham. In 1963, he initiated and was instrumental in the Birmingham Campaign. He returned from Cincinnati to Birmingham after his retirement in 2007.

The Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport was named in his honor in 2008, and the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute Fred L. Shuttlesworth Human Rights Award is bestowed annually in his name.
Jay, New York
Jay is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 2,506 at the 2010 census. The town is named after John Jay, governor of New York when the town was formed.

The town is on the northern border of Essex County and is 34 miles (55 km) southwest of Plattsburgh, 93 miles (150 km) south of Montreal, and 135 miles (217 km) north of Albany. Jay is located inside the Adirondack Park.

Essex County, New York
Essex County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,381. Its county seat is the hamlet of Elizabethtown. Its name is from the English county of Essex. Essex is one of two counties that are entirely within the Adirondack Park, the other being Hamilton County. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.
Al-Afdal Shahanshah
Al-Afdal Shahanshah (Arabic: الأفضل شاهنشاه, romanized: al-Afḍal Shāhanshāh; Latin: Lavendalius/Elafdalio; 1066 – 11 December 1121), born Abu al-Qasim Shahanshah bin Badr al-Jamali, was a vizier of the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt. According to a later biographical encyclopedia, he was surnamed al-Malik al-Afdal ("the excellent king"), but this is not supported by contemporary sources.

Vizier (Fatimid Caliphate)
The vizier (Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr) was the senior minister of the Fatimid Caliphate for most of the Egyptian period of its existence. Originally it was held by civilian officials who acted as the chief civilian ministers of the caliphs, analogous to the original model established by the Abbasids. When a vizier was not appointed, an "intermediary" (wāsiṭa) was designated instead. The enfeeblement of the caliph's power and the crisis of the Fatimid regime under Caliph al-Mustansir, however, led to the rise of military strongmen, who dominated the post from the 1070s until the caliphate's end. These "viziers of the sword" were also commanders-in-chief of the army who effectively sidelined the caliphs and ruled in their stead, often seizing power from their predecessors. The last vizier, Saladin, abolished the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171 (see Saladin in Egypt).
Princeton City School District
Princeton City School District (commonly known as Princeton City Schools) is a city school district in northern Hamilton County, Ohio in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. The school district serves Glendale, Lincoln Heights, and Woodlawn; most of the cities of Sharonville, and Springdale; and parts of Blue Ash, Evendale, and Springfield Township.  In addition the southeast part of Butler County's West Chester Township, the southwest corner of Warren County's Deerfield Township and the northwest corner of Sycamore Township are in the district.

The school district's general offices are located at 3900 Cottingham Drive in Sharonville. The superintendent is Tom Burton.

Deerfield Township, Warren County, Ohio
Deerfield Township is one of the eleven townships of Warren County, Ohio, United States. The township is located in the southwest corner of the county and is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area. The population was 40,525 as of the 2020 census.
William John Watts
William John Watts (May 1, 1846 – September 4, 1907) was a businessman, lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Drummond-Arthabaska in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1874 to 1885 and Drummond from 1890 to 1892 and from 1897 to 1901 as a Conservative.

He was born in Drummondville, Canada East, the son of Robert Nugent Watts and Charlotte Sheppard. Watts studied at McGill University, was called to the Quebec bar in 1869 and set up practice in Drummondville. He also owned several mills. He was first elected to the Quebec assembly in an 1874 by-election held after Wilfrid Laurier was elected to the House of Commons. In 1882, he married Mary Louisa Millar. Watts resigned his seat in 1885 following the execution of Louis Riel. He was defeated by Joseph Peter Cooke when he ran for reelection in 1892. He resigned his seat in 1901 after he was named registrar for Montreal West and served until his death in Drummondville at the age of 61.

Drummond (provincial electoral district)
Drummond (Canadian French: [dʁɔmɔnd]) is a former provincial electoral district (riding) in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada, which elected members to the National Assembly of Quebec. As of its final election, it consisted of most of the city of Drummondville and all of Saint-Edmond-de-Grantham, Saint-Eugène, Saint-Germain-de-Grantham and Saint-Majorique-de-Grantham.

It was created for the 1890 election from parts of the former Drummond-Arthabaska electoral district.  Its final election was in 2008.  It disappeared in the 2012 election and its successor electoral districts were Drummond–Bois-Francs and Johnson.

The riding as well as the city of Drummondville were named in honor of former War of 1812 general Gordon Drummond.
Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
The Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt – FFI) is a research institute that conducts research and development on behalf of the Norwegian Armed Forces and provides expert advice to political and military defence leaders. In particular, its task is to keep track of advances in the fields of science and military technology which might affect the assumptions on which Norwegian security policy and/or defence planning is based.

Norwegian Armed Forces
The Norwegian Armed Forces (Norwegian: Forsvaret, lit. 'The Defence') are the armed forces responsible for the defence of Norway. It consists of five branches, the Norwegian Army, the Royal Norwegian Navy, which includes the Coast Guard, the Royal Norwegian Air Force, the Home Guard, and Norwegian Cyber Defence Force as well as several joint departments.

The military force in peacetime is around 17,185 personnel including military and civilian staff, and around 70,000 in total with the current military personnel, conscripts and the Norwegian Home Guard in full mobilization.

Among European NATO members, the military expenditure of US$7.2 billion is the highest per capita.
Wild Style
Wild Style is a 1982 American hip hop film written, produced and directed by Charlie Ahearn. Regarded as the first hip hop motion picture, it includes appearances by seminal figures such as Adam Horowitz, Fab Five Freddy, Lee Quiñones, Lady Pink, The Rock Steady Crew, The Cold Crush Brothers, Rammellzee with Shockdell, Queen Lisa Lee of Zulu Nation, Grandmaster Flash, and ZEPHYR.

Filmed in 1981 and completed in 1982, Wild Style premiered in November 1982 at the Festival du nouveau cinéma in Montreal, followed by its theatrical release in the United States on November 23, 1983. The film was later released on VHS by Rhino Home Video in 1997. In 2007, it was released on DVD for its 25th anniversary. A 30th anniversary collector's edition was released on Blu-ray in 2012.

Rammellzee
Rammellzee (stylized RAMM:ΣLL:ZΣΣ, pronounced "Ram: Ell: Zee"; December 15, 1960 – June 28, 2010) was a visual artist, gothic futurist graffiti writer, painter, performance artist, art theoretician, sculptor and a hip-hop musician from New York City, who has been cited as "instrumental in introducing elements of the avant-garde into hip-hop culture".
J. Stefan Dupré
Joseph Stefan Dupré CC OOnt (November 3, 1936 – December 6, 2012) was a Canadian political scientist, noted for his service to education and to the Government of Canada, in which he served many posts. He was a Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Toronto, and served as President of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.

Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
43°39′34″N 79°23′31″W﻿ / ﻿43.6595629°N 79.3919866°W﻿ / 43.6595629; -79.3919866
The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) is a Canadian-based global research organization. It was founded in 1982 and is supported by individuals, foundations and corporations, as well as funding from the Government of Canada and the provinces of Alberta and Quebec.
Thomas Crapper
Thomas Crapper (baptised 28 September 1836; died 27 January 1910) was an English plumber and businessman. He founded Thomas Crapper & Co in London, a plumbing equipment company. His notability with regard to toilets has often been overstated, mostly due to the publication in 1969 of a tongue-in-cheek biography by New Zealand satirist Wallace Reyburn.

Crapper held nine patents, three of them for water closet improvements such as the floating ballcock. He improved the S-bend plumbing trap in 1880 by inventing the U-bend. The firm's lavatorial equipment was manufactured at premises in nearby Marlborough Road (now Draycott Avenue). The company owned the world's first bath, toilet and sink showroom in King's Road. Crapper was noted for the quality of his products and received several royal warrants.

Manhole covers with Crapper's company's name on them in Westminster Abbey have become one of London's minor tourist attractions.

Wallace Reyburn
Wallace Macdonald Reyburn OBE (3 July 1913 – 20 June 2001) was a New Zealand-born humourist author and rugby writer who was responsible for a number of well-known urban legends, including the widespread belief that the flush toilet was invented by Thomas Crapper and that the brassière was invented by Otto Titzling. Reyburn wrote several books, some humorous and some not, including on rugby and on the Canadian armed forces, as well as humorous yarns of pseudo-historical nonsense. Reyburn was also the editor of the Canadian magazine New Liberty before returning to the United Kingdom in 1950. Shortly before his death, he appeared in the Modern Marvels episode titled "Plumbing: The Arteries of Civilization", which was the 40th episode of the 7th season and aired 17 December 2000.
Olufemi Oluyede
General Olufemi Olatubosun Oluyede (born 1968) is Nigerian Army officer who is the Chief of Defence Staff of Nigeria since 30 October 2025. He had previously served as the Chief of Army Staff from 30 October 2024 before being elevated to the role of CDS.

General (Nigeria)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the Nigerian Army. It ranks above lieutenant-general and is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is only awarded as an honorary rank to the incumbent president of Nigeria in his capacity as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria.  The rank of general is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Nigerian Navy or an air chief marshal in the Nigerian Air Force.

The rank of full general is not always given; this rank is usually held by the Chief of the Defence Staff (if the chief is appointed from the army and not from the navy or the air force).

Officers holding the ranks of lieutenant-general, major-general and brigadier-general may be generically considered to be generals.
A Philly Special Christmas
A Philly Special Christmas is the debut studio album by The Philly Specials – a vocal trio composed of Philadelphia Eagles offensive linemen Lane Johnson, Jason Kelce, and Jordan Mailata. It was released on December 23, 2022, by Vera Y Records. The Christmas album is produced by Charlie Hall, drummer for the band The War on Drugs. Former Eagles linebacker Connor Barwin served as executive producer. Johnson, Kelce and Mailata returned to record their second studio album, A Philly Special Christmas Special, which was released on December 1, 2023.

The album consists of covers of classic Christmas songs and features duets with Eagles play-by-play announcer Merrill Reese and other players, including Jalen Hurts, A. J. Brown, Brandon Graham, Haason Reddick, and Jordan Davis. All proceeds from the album go towards the Children's Crisis Treatment Center in Philadelphia, with more than $250,000 raised.

Haason Reddick
Haason Samir Reddick (born September 22, 1994) is an American professional football linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Temple Owls, and was selected by the Arizona Cardinals in the first round of the 2017 NFL draft. He also played for the Carolina Panthers, New York Jets and Philadelphia Eagles.
Aghin kayaran
40°36′24″N 43°42′54″E﻿ / ﻿40.60667°N 43.71500°E﻿ / 40.60667; 43.71500

Aghin kayaran (Armenian: Աղին կայարան) is a village in the Shirak Province of Armenia. It is located on left bank of the Akhurian River, 1 km (0.62 mi) south-west from the village of Aghin.

Shirak Province
Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ, Armenian pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾɑk] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north-west of the country, bordering the provinces of Lori to the east and Aragatsotn to the south and southeast, and the countries of Turkey to the west and Georgia to the north. Its capital and largest city is Gyumri, which is the second largest city in Armenia. It is as much semi-desert as it is mountain meadow or high alpine. In the south, the high steppes merge into mountain terrain, being verdant green in the spring, with hues of reddish brown in the summer. The province is served by the Shirak International Airport of Gyumri.
Santana Esporte Clube
Santana Esporte Clube, commonly referred to as Santana (Brazilian Portuguese: [sɐ͂ˈtɐ͂na]), is a Brazilian football club based in Santana, Amapá. The team competes in the Campeonato Amapaense, the top division in the Amapá state football league system.

They won the Campeonato Amapaense seven times. The club's traditional rivals are Independente, and games between the two are known as the Clássico do Porto.

Santana is the fifth-best ranked team from Amapá in CBF's national club ranking, being placed 236th overall.

Santana, Amapá
Santana (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃ˈtɐnɐ]) is a municipality located in the southeast of the state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 123,096 and its area is 1,541 square kilometres (595 square miles), which makes it the smallest municipality of Amapá.  Santana is a suburb of Macapá, the state capital, and the two cities make up the Metropolitan Area of Macapá. Its location is nearly on the equator.  The planet's second longest river, the Amazon is to the south.

Santana was historically a part of Macapá. In 1981 it was elevated to the category of a District of Macapá. It became a separate municipality in the state of Amapá on 1 January 1982.
QS-21
QS-21 is a purified plant extract used as a vaccine adjuvant. It is derived from the soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria), which is native to the countries of Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. The crude drug (Quillajae cortex, Quillaia) is imported from Peru and Chile.

The extract contains water-soluble triterpene glycosides, which are members of a family of plant-based compounds called saponins. It has been tested as an adjuvant in various vaccines in attempts to improve their efficacy. It is believed to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Quillaia
Quillaia is the milled inner bark or small stems and branches of the soapbark (Quillaja saponaria). Other names include Murillo bark extract, Panama bark extract, Quillaia extract, Quillay bark extract, Soapbark extract, and Quillajae cortex. Quillaia contains high concentrations of saponins that can be increased further by processing.  Highly purified saponins from quillaia bark are used as adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines. Other compounds in the crude extract include tannins and other polyphenols, and calcium oxalate.

Quillaia is used in the manufacture of food additives. The extract also is used as a humectant in baked goods, frozen dairy products, and puddings and as a foaming agent in soft drinks. It is used in agriculture for some "natural" spray adjuvant formulations.
Humlikon
Humlikon is a former municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2023 the former municipalities of Adlikon and Humlikon merged to form the municipality of Andelfingen. 43 residents were killed in the crash of Swissair Flight 306.

Swissair Flight 306
Swissair Flight 306, a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III, named Schaffhausen, was a scheduled international flight from Zurich to Rome, via Geneva.  It crashed near Dürrenäsch, Aargau, on 4 September 1963, shortly after take-off, killing all 80 people on board.
Santosh Marray
Santosh Kumar Marray (born 1957) is the eleventh and current bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Easton.  Before this, he served as assistant bishop for both the Diocese of Alabama (2012-2016) and the Diocese of East Carolina (2009-2012). Prior to that, he was Bishop of Seychelles. He was ordained as a priest in 1981, and served in this capacity in Florida, Guyana, and the Bahamas before being consecrated as bishop.

Episcopal Diocese of East Carolina
The Episcopal Diocese of East Carolina is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States that covers most of eastern North Carolina. The diocese was formed from the existing Diocese of North Carolina on October 9, 1883, by action of the General Convention of the Episcopal Church. It consists of the congregations of the Episcopal Church in the eastern portion of the state of North Carolina and forms part of Province IV of the Episcopal Church. Major cities of the diocese include Wilmington, Fayetteville, New Bern, and Greenville. Originally its offices were located in Wilmington, but in 1983 a new diocesan house was built in Kinston, North Carolina, in order to be located more centrally in the diocese's territory. The diocese's current bishop is Robert Skirving. On November 15, 2025, the Rev. Sarah Fisher was elected as his successor, pending consents.

In 2024, the diocese reported average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 4,215 persons.
Darkfighter
Darkfighter is the seventh studio album by American band Rival Sons, released on June 2, 2023, through Atlantic Records. It was produced by Dave Cobb and preceded by the singles "Nobody Wants to Die" and "Bird in the Hand". It was originally scheduled for release on March 10 before being delayed. The band toured North America in support of the album from May to June 2023. The album will be followed by Lightbringer, set for release on October 20, 2023.

Rival Sons
Rival Sons is a rock band formed in Long Beach, California in 2009 and also affiliated with Nashville, Tennessee. The band consists of Jay Buchanan (lead vocals), Scott Holiday (guitar), Dave Beste (bass guitar) and Michael Miley (drums). In their most recent tour they were joined by keyboard player Jesse Nason, and Todd Ögren accompanied them on previous tours. They are signed to Atlantic Records via Dave Cobb's label Low Country Sound, an imprint of Elektra.

They have released eight albums and one EP, and have twice been nominated for Grammy awards.
Sidney Fry
Sidney Harold Fry (1869 – 3 September 1961) was an English amateur billiards and snooker player and amateur golfer.

He won the English Amateur Billiards Championship eight times between 1893 and 1925 and the English Amateur Snooker Championship in 1919, becoming the first player to win both titles. He was the author of "Billiards for amateurs".

In golf he was runner-up in the Amateur Championship in 1902 and twice runner-up in the Irish Amateur Open Championship. He was a regular competitor in the Amateur Championship, playing 25 times between 1898 and 1931. He finished 14th in the 1902 Open Championship at Royal Liverpool Golf Club.

Irish Amateur Open Championship
The Irish Amateur Open Championship is an amateur golf tournament held annually in Ireland and organised by the Golf Ireland. The championship has been played as a 72-hole stroke-play event since 1958. Previously it was played as a match-play tournament.

Golf Ireland also runs the Irish Amateur Close Championship which is restricted to players born in (or with a parent born in) Ireland or, at the discretion of Golf Ireland, resident in Ireland for at least five years.
Date and time notation in the United Kingdom
Date and time notation in the United Kingdom records the date using the day–month–year format (31 December 1999, 31/12/99 or 31/12/1999). The time can be written using either the 24-hour clock (23:59) or the 12-hour clock (11:59 p.m.), either with a colon or a full stop (11.59 p.m.).

24-hour clock
The modern 24-hour clock is the convention of timekeeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours. This is indicated by the hours (and minutes) passed since midnight, from 00(:00) to 23(:59), with 24(:00) as an option to indicate the end of the day. This system, as opposed to the 12-hour clock, is the most commonly used time notation in the world today, and is used by the international standard ISO 8601.

A number of countries, particularly English speaking, use the 12-hour clock, or a mixture of the 24- and 12-hour time systems. In countries where the 12-hour clock is dominant, some professions prefer to use the 24-hour clock. For example, in the practice of medicine, the 24-hour clock is generally used in documentation of care as it prevents any ambiguity as to when events occurred in a patient's medical history.
Francis Sheehy-Skeffington
Francis Joseph Christopher Skeffington (later Sheehy-Skeffington; 23 December 1878 – 26 April 1916) was an Irish writer and radical activist well known in Dublin in the decade before the 1916 Easter Rising.  Through his speeches and freelance journalism, Sheehy-Skeffington campaigned for socialism, feminism and pacifism in Ireland.  He was also a supporter of Irish independence, which brought him to the attention of the British authorities in Dublin and ultimately led to his illegal execution during the Rising.

John Maxwell (British Army officer)
General Sir John Grenfell Maxwell, GCB, KCMG, CVO, DSO, PC (Ire) (11 July 1859 – 21 February 1929) was a British Army officer and colonial governor. He served in the Mahdist War in the Sudan, the Second Boer War, and in the First World War. As Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, he was one of the commanders in the repression of the 1916 Easter Rising, including overseeing the courts-martial after the rebellion. Maxwell retired in 1922.