hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crowninshield family
The Crowninshield family is an American family that was historically prominent in seafaring, political and military leadership, and the literary world. The founder of the American family emigrated from what is now Germany in the 17th century.  The family is one of several known collectively as Boston Brahmins, a reference to old wealthy New England families of British Protestant origin that became influential in the development of American institutions and culture.

Boston Brahmin
The Boston Brahmins are members of Boston's historic upper class. From the late 19th century through the mid-20th century, they were often associated with a cultivated New England accent, Harvard University, Congregationalism and Unitarianism and to a lesser extent Episcopalianism, and traditional British-American customs and clothing. Descendants of the earliest English colonists are typically considered to be the most representative of the Boston Brahmins. They are considered White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs).
Aadu Puli Attam (1977 film)
Aadu Puli Aattam (transl. The lambs and tigers game) is a 1977 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by S. P. Muthuraman, starring Kamal Haasan, Rajinikanth, Sangeetha and Sripriya. Later in 1978, S. P. Muthuraman remade the film in Telugu as Yetthuku Pai Yetthu. A few scenes were remade in Telugu with Telugu actors like Satyanarayana and Allu Ramalingaiah and the rest of the film was dubbed.

Sangeeta (Telugu actress)
Sangeeta is an Indian actress who has predominantly worked in Telugu films, alongside Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam films. She has appeared with leading actors like Sivaji Ganesan, Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan and Chiranjeevi. In the late 1990s she started appearing as a character artist. She has appeared in over 500 films in various south Indian languages.
Hot Shot (Karen Young song)
"Hot Shot" is a 1978 song written and produced by Andrew Kahn and Kurt Borusiewicz, and recorded by American singer Karen Young.  The song was included on her debut studio album of the same name.

"Hot Shot" was released as the lead single from the album and reached number one on the US Billboard disco chart for the week of August 5, 1978 and spent two weeks there.  The single also crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100, where it only got as far as number 67 that same year.

In 2007, nearly 30 years after the original charted and 16 years after Young's death, MaxRoxx Music released "Hot Shot: The Karen Young Reheat", which is a revamped version of "Hot Shot", this time with new mixes using the original's vocals. This version, which charted as "Hot Shot 2007", also reached the Dance Club Songs chart, where it peaked at number seven in March 2008.

Hot Shot (Karen Young album)
Hot Shot is the debut studio album by American singer Karen Young. It was released on 1978 by Altra Moda Music. The album features two disco hits all written, produced and arranged by Andrew Kahn and Kurt Borusiewicz; the title track, "Bring On the Boys" and "Baby You Ain't Nothing Without Me".
The Earth (1921 film)
The Earth (La Terre) is a silent film based on the 1887 novel of the same name by Émile Zola. It was directed by French theatre manager, André Antoine.

Antoine was notable for bringing a certain form of naturalism to the theater and films such as The Earth. Louis Feuillade observed that these dramas "eschew any fantasy and represent men and things as they are, not as they should be." Although the principal players were accomplished actors from the Comédie-Française, Antoine further heightened the film's naturalism by casting many nonprofessionals from the region in the film.

André Antoine
André Antoine (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe ɑ̃twan]; 31 January 1858 – 23 October 1943) was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France.
West Newbury, Vermont
West Newbury is a small unincorporated village in the town of Newbury, Orange County, Vermont, United States. The community is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west-southwest of the somewhat larger village of Newbury. West Newbury has a post office with ZIP code 05085.

Orange County, Vermont
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,277. Its shire town (county seat) is the town of Chelsea. Orange County was chartered on August 11, 1781.
Stanley Feltham
Terence Stanley Crathern Feltham (1896–1971) was Chief Architect in the Public Works Department of Hong Kong.

He designed many public buildings in Hong Kong, including:

He was the project architect for Fanling Lodge, a summer residence for the then Governor of Hong Kong, which was built in 1934.

He designed Sheung Li Uk Estate (上李屋邨), the first estate built by the Hong Kong Housing Society, completed in 1952. The estate was redeveloped in 1995 as Cronin Garden.

He planned and designed Sai Wan Estate in Kennedy Town, which was completed in 1958.

In 1947, he was nominated correspondent with the Colonial Liaison Officer on housing issues.

He was one of the 27 founding members of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects in 1956.

Public housing estates in Sham Shui Po
The following is an overview of public housing estates in Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong, including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.
Exeter and Crediton Railway
The Exeter and Crediton Railway was a 7 ft (2,134 mm) broad gauge railway that linked Exeter and Crediton, Devon, England. It was 5¼ miles (8½ km) long.

Although built in 1847, it was not opened until 12 May 1851 due to disagreement about the gauge to be used. It was initially operated by the Bristol and Exeter Railway, but eventually became a part of the London and South Western Railway, thus being one of the few broad gauge railways never to become part of the Great Western Railway.

It remains open as part of the scenic Tarka Line from Exeter to Barnstaple.

Barnstaple railway station
Barnstaple railway station is the northern terminus of the Tarka Line and serves the town of Barnstaple, Devon. It is 39 miles 75 chains (64.3 km) from Exeter Central and 211.25 miles (339.97 km) from London Waterloo. It is managed by Great Western Railway, which also operates the passenger service.

It opened in 1854 but, from 1874 until 1970, it was known as Barnstaple Junction railway station, as it was the junction between lines to Ilfracombe, Bideford, Taunton and Exeter.
Charles Hard Townes Award
The Charles Hard Townes Award of Optica is a prize for quantum electronics, including laser physics. Awarded annually since 1981, it is named after the Nobel Prize-winning laser pioneer Charles H. Townes.

Former winners include Nobel Prize laureates John L. Hall, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Serge Haroche, Arthur Ashkin, and Gérard Mourou.

Gérard Mourou
Gérard Albert Mourou (French: [ʒeʁaʁ muʁu]; born 22 June 1944, Albertville, France) is a French scientist and pioneer in the field of electrical engineering and lasers.  He was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018, along with Donna Strickland, for the invention of chirped pulse amplification, a technique later used to create ultrashort-pulse, very high-intensity (petawatt) laser pulses.

In 1994, Mourou and his team at the University of Michigan discovered that the balance between the self-focusing refraction (see Kerr effect) and self-attenuating diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser beam of terawatt intensities in the atmosphere creates "filaments" that act as waveguides for the beam, thus preventing divergence.
1983 Jamaican general election
Early general elections were held in Jamaica on 15 December 1983. The elections were effectively ended as a contest when the main opposition party, the People's National Party, boycotted the election to protest the refusal of the ruling Jamaican Labour Party to update the electoral roll amid allegations of voter fraud.

Several minor parties participated in the election, but they only contested six of the 60 seats: with voter turnout of about 55%, this gave a nationwide figure of a meagre 3%. The Labour Party won all 60 seats in the House of Representatives, with their leader, Edward Seaga, continuing as Prime Minister.

People's National Party
The People's National Party (PNP) (Jamaican Patois: Piipl’s Nashinal Paati)  is a social democratic political party in Jamaica, founded in 1938 by Norman Washington Manley who served as party president until his death in 1969.  It holds 28 of the 63 seats in the House of Representatives, and 96 of the 227 local government divisions. The party is democratic socialist by constitution.

The party is a member of COPPPAL and a full member of Socialist International. From 1957-62, the party was a member of the West Indies Federal Labour Party in the Federal Parliament of the West Indies Federation.
Arab–Sasanian coinage
Arab–Sasanian coinage is a modern term used to describe Islamic coinage struck in the style of the coinage of the Iranian Sasanian Empire (224–651) after the Muslim conquest of Persia, on behalf of the Muslim governors of the early Islamic caliphates (7th–8th centuries). These coins, mostly silver dirhams but also copper coins, were struck in the historic Sasanian lands of Iraq and Iran, and continued to show the portrait of a bust of a Sasanian emperor as well as other non-Islamic motifs of Sasanian coins, alongside Arabic inscriptions.

Sasanian coinage
Sasanian coinage was produced within the domains of the Iranian Sasanian Empire (224–651). Together with the Roman Empire, the Sasanian Empire was the most important money-issuing polity in Late Antiquity. Sasanian coinage had a significant influence on coinage of other polities. Sasanian coins are a pivotal primary source for the study of the Sasanian period, and of major importance in history and art history in general. The Sylloge nummorum Sasanidarum is the most important primary work of reference for Sasanian coins.
Vasile Gherasim
Vasile Gherasim (27 January 1950 – 7 November 2020) was a Romanian politician who served as mayor of Sector 1 of Bucharest from 2000 to 2004 and as Deputy from 2008 to 2012.

He was born in Moinești, Bacău County. In 2005 he was awarded by then-President Traian Băsescu the National Order of Faithful Service, knight rank.

Gherasim died from COVID-19 in Bucharest on 7 November 2020, at age 70, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania.

Moinești
Moinești (Romanian pronunciation: [mojˈneʃtʲ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Mojnest) is a city in Bacău County, Western Moldavia, Romania, with a population of 19,728 as of 2021. Its name is derived from the Romanian-language word moină, which means "fallow" or "light rain". Moinești once had a large Jewish community, and in 1899 about half of the population was Jewish; in Jewish contexts the name is often given as Mojnescht or "Monesht". The city administers one village, Găzărie.
Pilmaiquén
Pilmaiquén or Pilmayquen (Mapudungun) is a riachuelo in the commune of Cañete in Arauco Province in the Bío Bío Region of Chile that flows southwest towards the coast of the Pacific Ocean to the northwest of the city of Cañete. Its course is short but of great volume and traverses a small valley between wooded mountainous areas where it joins the Licauquén River. This valley was a Moluche rehue of the Tucapel aillarehue and the homeland of the Toqui Caupolicán who commanded the Mapuche in the first revolt against domination by the Spanish Empire.

Caupolicán
Caupolicán (meaning 'polished flint' (queupu) or 'blue quartz stone' (Kallfulikan) in Mapudungun) was a toqui or war leader of the Mapuche people, who led the resistance of his people against the Spanish conquistadors who invaded the territory of today's Chile during the sixteenth century. His rule as Toqui lasted roughly from 1553–1558 AD.
2022 Supercopa de Chile
The 2022 Supercopa de Chile (known as the Supercopa Easy 2022 for sponsorship purposes) was the tenth edition of the Supercopa de Chile, championship organised by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP). The match was played by the 2021 Chilean Primera División champions Universidad Católica and the 2021 Copa Chile champions Colo-Colo on 23 January 2022 at Estadio Ester Roa in Concepción.

Colo-Colo defeated Universidad Católica by a 2–0 score to win their third Supercopa title.

2021 Copa Chile
The 2021 Copa Chile (officially known as Copa Chile Easy 2021 due to its sponsorship), was the 41st edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national football cup tournament. The tournament began on 15 June 2021 during the mid-season break due to the 2021 Copa América and ended on 4 September 2021, with the final match on neutral ground. Colo-Colo were able to defend the title won in the previous edition of the competition, winning their thirteenth Copa Chile after beating Everton in the final by a 2–0 score.
Over Load
"Over Load" is Mika Nakashima's 28th single, released on 13 May 2009. The carrier track, "Over Load," was used in the May 2009 Lipton Limone Commercial wherein Mika was the commercial model.

Over Load and its B-side, "No Answer," are best described as light pop songs with oriental string-based backgrounds.

Mika Nakashima
Mika Nakashima (中島 美嘉, Nakashima Mika; born February 19, 1983) is a Japanese singer and actress. Five of her studio albums, one of her mini-albums and one of her compilation albums have reached number one in Japan's Oricon album chart. She also embarked on an acting career, most notably as Nana Osaki in the live action film adaptations of Nana. She has sold over 10 million records in Japan.
Thrive Capital
Thrive Capital Management, LLC, commonly Thrive Capital, is an American venture capital firm based in New York City. It focuses on software and internet investments. The firm was founded by Joshua Kushner, who is also a co-founder of Oscar Health and minority owner of the Miami Heat.

Oscar Health
Oscar Management Corporation doing business as Oscar Health is an American for-profit health insurance company, founded in 2012 by Joshua Kushner, Kevin Nazemi and Mario Schlosser, and is headquartered in New York City. The company focuses on the health insurance industry through telemedicine, healthcare focused technological interfaces, and transparent claims pricing systems which would make it easier for patients to navigate.
Chris Smith (pitcher, born 1981)
Christopher Michael Smith (born April 9, 1981) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and current pitching coach in the Oakland Athletics organization. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox, Milwaukee Brewers, and Oakland Athletics. He is a 1999 graduate of Hesperia High School in Hesperia, California, and attended the University of California, Riverside.

Hesperia, California
Hesperia (/hɛˈspɪəriə/) is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is located 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Bernardino in Victor Valley and surrounded by the Mojave Desert. Because of its relatively high elevation and the unique and moderate weather patterns of the region, Hesperia is part of what is locally called the High Desert. The name "Hesperia" means "western land". At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 99,818.
Super League of Malawi
Super League of Malawi, also known as the TNM Super League for sponsorship reasons, is the top football division in Malawi. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Malawi Regional Football Leagues.

Malawian mobile telecommunications company TNM sponsors the league with K65 million annually.

Telekom Networks Malawi
Telekom Networks Malawi plc (TNM), is a telecommunications service provider in Malawi. Established in 1995, it is the oldest telecommunications company in the country. The telco is a subsidiary of Press Corporation Limited, the largest business conglomerate in Malawi.
VoiceHost
VoiceHost Limited is a UK (Norwich) based Internet Telephone Service (VoIP) which was founded in 2006.

The company develops standards-based VoIP telephony services using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and is a Quality Mark approved member of the Internet Telephony Services Providers’ Association (ITSPA).

Norfolk Tower
Norfolk Tower on the north side of Surrey Street in Norwich, England is one of the city's tallest buildings. Standing at 45 metres tall, the building was completed in 1974. Former occupants of the building have included BBC Radio Norfolk and insurance company Norwich Union.

The building is an 11-storey office building of 63,600 sq ft (5,910 m2) with 45 car spaces. The upper floors four to ten are roughly 3,500 to 4,000 sq ft (370 m2) each and are mainly open plan. The first three floors are bigger at the front of the building at around 7,000 sq ft (650 m2) per floor (i.e. providing a total of 10,000 sq ft (930 m2) per floor). The core area is situated towards the front of the building.

The building was bought in March 2010 by the company Mahb Capital, which was founded by local businessmen Matt Bartram, John Maynard and Anthony Hunt.
1962 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1962 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 62nd staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

John Mitchels entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 11 November 1962 between John Mitchels and Feale Rangers, in what was their second meeting in the final and a first meeting in three years. John Mitchels won the match by 1–09 to 0–05 to claim their eighth championship title overall and a record-breaking fourth title in succession.

Feale Rangers GAA
Feale Rangers is a Divisional Gaelic football team which is made up of clubs based around the River Feale in North Kerry. The team competes in the Kerry Senior Football Championship which it has won on three occasions.
Prostitution in Thailand
Prostitution in Thailand is not itself illegal, but public solicitation for prostitution is prohibited if it is carried out "openly and shamelessly" or "causes nuisance to the public". Due to police corruption and an economic reliance on prostitution dating back to the Vietnam War, it remains a significant presence in the country. It results from poverty, low levels of education and a lack of employment in rural areas. Prostitutes mostly come from the northeastern (Isan) region of Thailand, from ethnic minorities or from neighbouring countries, especially Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos. In 2019, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated the total population of sex workers in Thailand to be 43,000.

Patong
Patong (Thai: ป่าตอง RTGS: Pa Tong, pronounced [pàː tɔ̄ːŋ]) refers to the beach and town on Phuket's west coast. It is the main tourist resort on the island of Phuket, and is the centre of Phuket's nightlife and shopping. The beach became popular with Western tourists, especially Europeans, in the late-1980s. It has numerous hotels and the area has expanded into a tourist place. Bangla Road is a popular street in this area with vibrant nightlife.
John Collins (basketball)
John Martin Collins III (born September 23, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons. Collins was selected with the 19th pick by the Atlanta Hawks in the 2017 NBA draft.

Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball
The Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball team represents Wake Forest University in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Through the years, the program has produced many NBA players, among them are Hall of Famer Tim Duncan, 12× All-Star Chris Paul, 1× All-Star Jeff Teague, Sixth Man of the Year Rodney Rogers, and 1× All-Star Josh Howard. The Demon Deacons have won the Atlantic Coast Conference tournament four times, in 1961, 1962, 1995, and 1996. Wake Forest has appeared in 23 NCAA tournaments, most recently appearing in 2017. The current coach is Steve Forbes, who was hired on April 30, 2020.
Twaibu Sangala
Twaibumohamedi John Twaibu Sangala was a Malawian cabinet Minister and one of the Mwanza four. He was from Dedza district Traditional Authority Tambala, where he was later buried. The function was organised by the then ruling party UNITED DEMOCRATIC FRONT (UDF) under the leadership of Bakili Muluzi, the first democratically elected president in Malawi He was the Minister of Health for Malawi. He died in a mysterious death on 18 May 1983 together with two other cabinet ministers Aaron Gadama and Dick Matenje– and Member of Parliament David Chiwanga. Their deaths were ruled as a 'traffic accident' by the Kamuzu Banda regime.

In 1995, seven people were accused of his death including Kamuzu Banda, but were acquitted due to lack of evidence.

Dick Matenje
Dick Matenje (died 1983) was a former Malawian politician and cabinet minister. He was the secretary-general of the Malawi Congress Party. He was one of the 'Mwanza Four' who mysteriously died during the Kamuzu Banda regime.
How Doth the Little Crocodile
"How Doth the Little Crocodile" is a poem by Lewis Carroll that appears in chapter 2 of his 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.  Alice recites it while attempting to recall "Against Idleness and Mischief" by Isaac Watts. It describes a crafty crocodile that lures fish into its mouth with a welcoming smile.

This poem is performed by Richard Haydn, the voice of the caterpillar in Alice in Wonderland (1951) and by Fiona Fullerton in the film Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972).

In 1998, surrealist artist Leonora Carrington made a painting and a sculpture of the same title, based on this poem.

Leonora Carrington
Mary Leonora Carrington (6 April 1917 – 25 May 2011) was a British and Mexican Surrealist painter and novelist. She lived most of her adult life in Mexico City and was one of the last surviving participants in the Surrealist movement of the 1930s. Carrington was also a founding member of the women's liberation movement in Mexico during the 1970s.
86th Street (Manhattan)
86th Street is a major two-way street on the Upper East Side and Upper West Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs in two major sections: between East End and Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side, and between Central Park West and Riverside Drive on the Upper West Side. The western segment feeds into the 86th Street transverse across Central Park, which connects to East 84th and 85th Streets on the eastern side.

On the West Side, its continuous cliff-wall of apartment blocks including The Belnord and the Orwell House is broken by two contrasting landmarked churches at prominent corner sites, the Tuscan Renaissance Saints Paul and Andrew United Methodist Church at the corner of West End Avenue, and the rusticated brownstone Romanesque Revival West-Park Presbyterian Church at the corner of Amsterdam Avenue.

Upper East Side
The Upper East Side (sometimes abbreviated UES) is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The neighborhood area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the wealthiest neighborhood in New York City.

The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.