hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Becker–Morduchow–Libby solution
The Becker–Morduchow–Libby solution is a mathematical description of how the properties of a gas—such as pressure, temperature, and density—change within a one-dimensional shock wave. It is an exact solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for a compressible, viscous, heat-conducting gas. First derived in a simplified form by German physicist Richard Becker in 1922, it was later extended by Morris Morduchow and Paul A. Libby in 1949. Independent versions were also found in 1944 by M. Roy and L. H. Thomas. The solution revealed an unexpected feature: the entropy of the gas can vary in a non-monotonic way across the shock, rather than increasing steadily. Earlier work by Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor had addressed special cases, such as flows with viscosity but no heat conduction, or vice versa.

Richard Becker (physicist)
Richard Becker (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈbɛkɐ]; 3 December 1887 – 16 March 1955) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, superconductivity, and quantum electrodynamics.
Miyazaki Airport
Miyazaki Airport (宮崎空港, Miyazaki Kūkō) (IATA: KMI, ICAO: RJFM), also known as Miyazaki Bougainvillea Airport, is an international airport located 3.2 km (2.0 mi) south-southeast of Miyazaki city, in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. The second floor has the head office of Solaseed Air.

Miyazaki (city)
Miyazaki (宮崎市, Miyazaki-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.jaꜜ.(d)za.kʲi, -ja.(d)za.kʲi̥ꜜ.ɕi, -(d)zaꜜ.kʲi̥.ɕi]) is the capital city of Miyazaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. As of September 1, 2023, the city had an estimated population of 397,381 in 187,859 households, and a population density of 620 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 643.67 km2 (248.52 sq mi).
International Panorama Council
The International Panorama Council (IPC) is a nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization, subject to Swiss law. It is a global network involving museum directors, managers, artists, restorers and historians who deal with the historical or the contemporary art and media forms of the panorama. The organization comprises members from all over the world who are either representatives of museums and research institutes or private researchers and enthusiasts.
The organization was founded in 1992 as the European Panorama Conference in Szeged, Hungary, and renamed in 1998 in Altötting, Germany, at the International Panorama Conference. Since 2003 the organization is called International Panorama Council. IPC has been a Membership Association since 2010. It is governed by a member-elected Executive Board whose Secretary-general acts as the operational center for the Board’s members.

Cyclorama
A cyclorama is a panoramic image on the inside of a cylindrical platform, designed to give viewers standing in the middle of the cylinder a 360° view, and also a building designed to show a panoramic image. The intended effect is to make viewers, surrounded by the panoramic image, feel as if they were standing in the midst of the place depicted in the image.
Cognitive Science (journal)
Cognitive Science is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Cognitive Science Society. It was established in 1977 and covers all aspects of cognitive science.

Cognitive Science Society
The Cognitive Science Society is a professional society for the interdisciplinary field of cognitive science. It brings together researchers from many fields who hold the common goal of understanding the nature of the human mind. The society promotes scientific interchange among researchers in disciplines comprising the field of cognitive science, including artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and education. The Society is a member of the Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences.
Harris Yulin
Harris Bart Goldberg (November 5, 1937 – June 10, 2025), known professionally as Harris Yulin, was an American actor who appeared in over a hundred film and television series roles including Night Moves (1975), St. Ives (1976), Scarface (1983), Ghostbusters II (1989), Clear and Present Danger (1994), Looking for Richard (1996), Bean (1997), The Hurricane (1999), Training Day (2001), and Frasier, which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in 1996.

Night Moves (1975 film)
Night Moves is a 1975 American neo-noir thriller film directed by Arthur Penn from a screenplay by Alan Sharp. It stars Gene Hackman as an ex-professional football player turned Los Angeles private investigator, who uncovers a series of sinister events while searching for the missing teenaged daughter of a former movie actress. The cast also features Susan Clark, Edward Binns, Jennifer Warren, James Woods, and Melanie Griffith in her film debut.

The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 11, 1975. It received positive reviews from critics, but a lukewarm commercial reception. Hackman was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his performance.

Although Night Moves was not considered particularly successful at the time of its release, it has attracted viewers and significant critical attention following its home media releases. The film has been called "a seminal modern noir work from the 1970s."
Dezna (river)
The Dezna is a river in Arad County, Romania. At its confluence with the river Moneasa in the village Dezna, the river Sebiș is formed. The Dezna is also considered the upper course of the Sebiș. Its length is 15 km (9.3 mi) and its basin size is 48 km2 (19 sq mi).

Dezna
Dezna (Hungarian: Dézna) is a commune in Arad County, Romania. Located in the valley of the river Dezna about 7 km from Sebiș, it is composed of five villages: Buhani (Bajnokfalva), Dezna, Laz (Déznaláz), Neagra (Kisfeketefalu) and Slatina de Criș (Mikószlatina).
Nevogilde (Porto)
Nevogilde (Portuguese pronunciation: [nɨvuˈʒildɨ]) is a former civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Aldoar, Foz do Douro e Nevogilde. The population in 2011 was 5,018, in an area of 1.84 km2.

Aldoar, Foz do Douro e Nevogilde
Aldoar, Foz do Douro e Nevogilde is a civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Aldoar, Foz do Douro and Nevogilde. The population in 2011 was 28,858, in an area of 6.27 km².
Heaven's Prisoners
Heaven's Prisoners is a 1996 American crime thriller film directed by Phil Joanou and starring Alec Baldwin, Kelly Lynch, Mary Stuart Masterson, Teri Hatcher and Eric Roberts. It is based on a Dave Robicheaux homonymous novel by James Lee Burke. Harley Peyton and Scott Frank wrote the screenplay. Despite this movie being produced in 1995, it was released on May 17, 1996 by New Line Cinema.

The film was followed by In the Electric Mist (2009), starring Tommy Lee Jones as Dave Robicheaux. In the sequel, Robicheaux still lives in Louisiana and has come out of retirement as an Iberia Parish sheriff's detective.

Phil Joanou
Phil Joanou (born November 20, 1961) is an American director of film, music videos, and television programs. He is known for his collaborations with the rock band U2, for whom he directed music videos and their 1988 documentary film Rattle and Hum.
Geoff McQueen
Geoffrey McQueen (24 July 1947 – 6 July 1994) was a British television screenwriter. He is best known for creating Thames Television's long-running police procedural The Bill and the popular comedy-dramas Give Us a Break, Big Deal and Stay Lucky.

A carpenter and joiner by trade he worked abroad for many years before he began writing in 1978. His first success was in 1982 when an episode of The Gentle Touch he had written was broadcast.

He wrote for other shows, including Boon, and two Jim Davidson sitcoms.

He died on 6 July 1994, aged 46, from an aneurysm. He was survived by his wife Jan and their two children.

Boon (TV series)
Boon is a British television drama series starring Michael Elphick, David Daker, and later Neil Morrissey. It was created by Jim Hill and Bill Stair, filmed by Central Television for ITV, and originally broadcast between 1986 and 1992 with a delayed episode which aired in 1995. It revolved around the life of an ex-fireman called Ken Boon, a motorcycle-obsessed small time businessman who, at the same time, acts as a private investigator, bodyguard and general troubleshooter. Since 16 January 2017, it has been rerun on UKTV channel Drama. The first two series are currently streaming on BritBox.

The theme tune, "Hi Ho Silver" by Scottish singer Jim Diamond, became a UK top ten hit single in 1986.
Setse
Setse(Burmese: စက်စဲကမ်းခြေ) is a beach resort on the Gulf of Martaban of the Andaman Sea in Thanbyuzayat Township, of Mon State, in southern Myanmar. The beach itself is composed of brown sand, is quite wide and about 5.6 kilometers (3.5 mi) long, but the water is often muddy when currents bring down silt from the Salween River which enters the Gulf of Martaban just to the north. Setse has been a resort since the 19th century, and still remains popular.

Mawlamyaing University has its Marine Science Laboratory in Setse, which studies commercial uses of algae (seaweed), cultured pearl techniques, and produces commercial agar-agar. Agar jellies are commonly used in traditional Myanmar desserts and other Asian culinary.

Mawlamyine University
Mawlamyine University (also the University of Mawlamyine; Burmese: မော်လမြိုင် တက္ကသိုလ် [mɔ̀ləmjàɪɰ̃ tɛʔkəθò]), located in Mawlamyine, is the largest university in Mon State, Myanmar. Being established in 1953, Mawlamyine University is the third oldest Arts and Science university in the country after Yangon University (est 1878) and Mandalay University (est 1925). The university offers bachelor's and master's degree programs in liberal arts and sciences. It is one of the few universities in the country to offer a specialization in marine science.
Uglich Hydroelectric Station
57°31′39″N 38°17′52″E﻿ / ﻿57.5275°N 38.297778°E﻿ / 57.5275; 38.297778

The Uglich Hydroelectric Station or Uglich GES (Russian: Угличская ГЭС) is a hydroelectric station on the Volga River in Uglich in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, and is the first of the Volga-Kama cascade of dams. It began operating on December 8, 1940, making it one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in Russia. The 120-MW plant is operated by RusHydro. There is also a Russian hydropower museum located at the hydroelectric plant dedicated to the development of hydropower.

Uglich
Uglich (Russian: У́глич, IPA: [ˈuɡlʲɪtɕ]) is a historic town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River. Population:  34,507 (2010 Census); 38,260 (2002 Census); 39,975 (1989 Soviet census).
Once Upon a Christmas (film)
Once Upon a Christmas is a 2000 family film directed by Tibor Takács. It stars Kathy Ireland, John Dye, and Mary Donnelly-Haskell. The filming location was in Vancouver, British Columbia. It premiered on the PAX Network. As of 2009, it is shown in the 25 Days of Christmas programming block on ABC Family. In 2012, it was broadcast on the Hallmark Channel.

Kathy Ireland
Kathleen Marie Ireland (born March 20, 1963) is an American actress, author, entrepreneur, fashion designer, philanthropist, and former fashion model. Ireland was a supermodel in the 1980s and 1990s, initially known for appearing in 13 consecutive Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues, including three covers. In 1993, she founded a brand licensing company, kathy ireland Worldwide (kiWW), which has made her one of the wealthiest former models in the world. As a result of her career in business, she earned a $420 million personal fortune by 2015. In 2021 alone, her company generated retail sales of $3.1 billion. The brand became ranked number 15 in the world and Ireland entered the Licensing Hall of Fame.
Westerlund telescope
The Westerlund telescope was inaugurated in 2004. and is named after Bengt Westerlund (1921–2008). The telescope belongs to Uppsala Astronomical Observatory and serves as a training telescope. It is used in courses for undergraduates, graduates, and examination projects as well as ordinary astronomical observations by astronomers at the observatory.

Bengt Westerlund
Bengt Elis Westerlund (January 17, 1921 - June 4, 2008) was a Swedish astronomer who specialised in observational astronomy.

He received his PhD from Uppsala University in 1954. In 1957 he was appointed astronomer at the Uppsala Southern Station at Mount Stromlo Observatory in Australia, where he made extensive studies of the southern Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds. In 1967 he took a position as astronomer at Steward Observatory in Arizona and in 1969 was appointed Director of ESO in Chile, a position he held until 1975, when he returned to Sweden to become Professor of Astronomy at Uppsala Astronomical Observatory, retiring in 1987.
Fadette
Fadette (German: Die lachende Grille) is a 1926 German silent historical film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring Lya Mara, Yvette Guilbert and Eugen Klöpfer. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Andrej Andrejew and Alexander Ferenczy.

Frederic Zelnik
Frederic Zelnik (born Friedrich Zelnik; 17 May 1885 – 29 November 1950) was an Austrian producer, director, and actor. He was one of the most important producers-directors of the German silent cinema. Zelnik achieved success through period operetta films in the 1920s and 1930s.
Mt. Eden Cemetery
Mt. Eden Cemetery is a cemetery in Hayward, California, in the area formerly called "Mt. Eden". The site was first established in 1860 as a pioneer cemetery. It is still in use. As of 2005, there were over 2,800 records (gravesites).

Mount Eden, California
Mt. Eden was an unincorporated agricultural district in Eden Township, Alameda County, California, United States. It was annexed by the City of Hayward. It lies at an elevation of 43 feet (13 m).

Mt. Eden was founded in 1850 by a group of farmers from Mount Eden, Kentucky, drawn to California by the Gold Rush. The party disbanded upon reaching the San Francisco Bay, but a few settled at a road crossing where they nailed a sign "Mt. Eden" to two trees, and the name stuck. A post office opened in 1860 and was in continuous operation until 1953.
Ravinder Kumar (historian)
For the BSP politician, see Ravinder Kumar Molhu.

Ravinder Kumar  (1933 – 6 April 2001) was an Indian historian of Kashmiri descent.

He was for many years the Director of the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library in Delhi. He was also the Chairman of the Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi.

Indian Council of Historical Research
The Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR) is a captive body of the Ministry of Education, Government of India established by an Administrative Order. The body has provided financial assistance to historians and scholars through fellowships, grants, and symposia.

The ICHR receives grants-in-aid from the Department of Higher Education, grants-in-aid from various Indian states, private donations, and the proceeds of revenues from the sale of publications of the ICHR. The ICHR is based in Delhi, with regional centres in Pune (Maharashtra), Bengaluru (Karnataka), and Guwahati (Assam).

It was established on 27 March 1972.

Its first chairman was the historian Ram Sharan Sharma. Historians who have served as members or functionaries of the ICHR include Irfan Habib, Tapan Raychaudhuri, and Barun De.
Stewart Edward
Stewart James Edward MNZM JP (born 1 November 1943) is a New Zealand former cricketer. He trained as a dentist and has been board chairman of the Lakes District Health Board. He played three first-class matches for Otago between 1964 and 1968.

In the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours, Edward was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to dentistry and the community. He worked for 48 years as a dentist in Rotorua, retiring in 2018.

1997 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)
The 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Queen Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen in her right as Queen of New Zealand, on the advice of the New Zealand government, to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 2 June 1997.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Santiam Junction, Oregon
Santiam Junction is a highway junction and unincorporated community in Linn County, Oregon, United States, at the intersection of  U.S. Route 20/Oregon Route 126 and Oregon Route 22.

According to the Oregon Department of Transportation, the elevation is 3,750 feet (1,143 m).

An automated weather station is located here, as well as highway maintenance facilities. The Santiam Junction State Airport is an emergency/recreational/aerial firefighting landing strip that is closed from the first snowfall until spring. The airport grounds permit fly-in camping.

The Santiam Junction vicinity is listed by the National Register of Historic Places as the site of the Oregon Pacific Railroad Linear Historic District, which consists of roughly 20 miles (32 km) of the old railroad grade between Idanha and the line's Cascade Range summit.

Geologically, much of the area is a lava bed created during a period of volcanic activity around 1000 B.C.

Linn County, Oregon
Linn County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2023 census population estimates, the population was 131,496. The county seat is Albany. The county is named in the honor of Lewis F. Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri who advocated the American settlement of the Oregon Country. Linn County comprises the Albany, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley. In 2010, the center of population of Oregon was located in Linn County, near the city of Lyons.
Robert A. Schuller
Robert Anthony Schuller (born October 7, 1954) is an American author, televangelist and pastor. He is the only son of Crystal Cathedral founders Robert H. Schuller and Arvella Schuller.  Dr. Robert A. Schuller was the Senior Pastor of the Crystal Cathedral and the Hour of Power T.V. program for 3 years, 2006-2008.  He joined his father on the international broadcast in 1976 after graduating from Hope College and delivered his first message that same year at the then, Garden Grove Community Church. He was formerly a minister on the Hour of Power weekly television program broadcast from the Crystal Cathedral in Orange County, California. He appeared on the program almost every week from 1976. He was installed as the senior pastor in January 2006 but, according to the Hour of Power website, he resigned as senior pastor on November 29, 2008. He continues his ministry with Robert Schuller Ministries.

Hour of Power
Hour of Power is a weekly American Evangelist television program broadcast from Shepherd's Grove Presbyterian Church in Irvine, California, near Los Angeles. It was formerly one of the most watched religious broadcasts in the world, seen by approximately two million viewers at its peak. It was formerly broadcast from the Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, California.

The program was founded and first hosted by Robert H. Schuller. It is currently hosted by Bobby Schuller, who is Robert H. Schuller's grandson.

The program is normally one hour long, but some networks broadcast an edited 30-minute program.
Akpassanou
Akpassanou is a town in east-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Ouellé Department in Iffou Region, Lacs District.

Akpassanou was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Akpassanou was 6,178.

Ouellé Department
Ouellé Department is a department of Iffou Region, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 56,501 and its seat is the settlement of Ouellé. The sub-prefectures of the department are Ouellé, Akpassanou, and Ananda.
Hiwasse, Arkansas
Hiwasse was an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 497. It is the location of (or is the nearest community to) Hiwasse Bank Building, which is located at Main St., AR 279 and Banks House, which is located on AR 72 west of Hiwasse.  Both are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Hiwasse faced a great division in 2007–2008, when two groups faced off over the incorporation of Hiwasse. In the end, the voters decided not to incorporate, with adjacent Gravette annexing the community in 2012.

Arkansas Highway 279
Arkansas Highway 279 (AR 279 and Hwy. 279)  is a north–south state highway in Benton County, Arkansas. The route runs 14.87 miles (23.93 km) from Arkansas Highway 12 at Vaughn north to the Missouri state line through Centerton. The route has a rare officially designated exception of 0.52 miles (0.84 km), overlapping Arkansas Highway 72.
West Lake Stevens, Washington
West Lake Stevens is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 18,071 at the 2000 census.

Much of West Lake Stevens was annexed into the City of Lake Stevens through a community-driven effort called "One Community Around the Lake" that began in 2006. The remaining parts were taken to form the new CDPs of Bunk Foss and Cavalero in 2010.

Bunk Foss, Washington
Bunk Foss is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 3,570 at the 2010 census. Bunk Foss was created out of the former West Lake Stevens CDP in 2010.
The Roads Must Roll
"The Roads Must Roll" is a 1940 science fiction short story by American writer Robert A. Heinlein. It was selected for The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume One, 1929–1964 anthology in 1970.

The story is set in the near future, when "roadtowns" (wide rapidly moving passenger platforms similar to moving sidewalks, but reaching speeds of 100 mph) have replaced highways and railways as the dominant transportation method in the United States.

Heinlein's themes are technological change and social cohesion. The fictional social movement he calls "functionalism" (which is unrelated to the real-life sociological theory of the same name), advances the idea that one's status and level of material reward in a society must and should depend on the functions one performs for that society.

Moving walkway
A moving walkway – also known as an autowalk, moving pavement, moving sidewalk, travolator, or travelator – is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or inclined plane over a short to medium distance. They can be used by standing on them or walking on them, allowing users to cover that distance with less effort and/or more speed than by walking. They are commonly installed in pairs to provide transport in each direction. They are typically designed similarly to escalators and share much of the same underlying technology.
Filatovo (lake)
Filatovo (Russian: Филатово) is a body of water in Makushinsky District, Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is the largest lake in the district.

The lake is located 46 kilometers (29 mi) to the south of Makushino and 57 kilometers (35 mi) to the southwest of Petukhovo. Presnovka, the capital of Zhambyl District, North Kazakhstan Region, lies 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) to the south, in Kazakhstan.

Presnovka (Zhambyl District)
Presnovka (Kazakh: Пресновка) is a village and the administrative center of Zhambyl District, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan. It is also the head of Presnov Rural District (KATO code - 594630100). Presnovka was founded as a military fort in March 1752. Population: 5,725 (2009 census results); 6,585 (1999 census results).