hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Computational Cosmology
The Institute for Computational Cosmology (ICC) is a research institute at Durham University in England. It was founded in November 2002 as part of the Ogden Centre for Fundamental Physics. The ICC's primary mission is to advance fundamental knowledge in cosmology, and its topics of active research include the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the evolution of cosmic structure, the formation of galaxies, and the determination of fundamental parameters.

The current director of the ICC is Shaun Cole. ICC researchers have played a central role in the development of the standard model of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model (ΛCDM), and the ICC has one of the most powerful supercomputers for academic research in the world, the Cosmology Machine (COSMA).

Shaun Cole
Shaun Malcolm Cole (born 19 November 1963) is a British cosmologist.

Cole grew up in Chipping, Lancashire. He graduated from Jesus College, Oxford with a first-class degree in Physics in 1985, and subsequently completed Part III of the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge. His performance in Part III was strong enough to earn a studentship for a PhD at the Cambridge Institute of Astronomy.

Cole has been Professor of Physics at Durham University since 2005 and was the director of the Institute for Computational Cosmology (2020-2025). He was joint-winner of the 2014 Shaw Prize with Daniel Eisenstein and John A. Peacock.
Columbia Heights, Minnesota
Columbia Heights is a city in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 21,973 at the 2020 census.

Minnesota State Highways 47 (University Avenue) and 65 (Central Avenue) are two of the main routes in the city.

Columbia Heights is a first-ring northern suburb of Minneapolis, which borders it on the south. Its downtown district is centered at the intersection of 40th Avenue NE and Central Avenue, and includes the Heights Theater, county offices, the Public Library, and a variety of businesses. Central Avenue forms a commercial district along its length. More businesses also line University Avenue.

Minnesota State Highway 47
Minnesota State Highway 47 (MN 47) is a 126.872-mile-long (204.181 km) highway in east–central Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with Central Avenue (State Highway 65) in Minneapolis and continues north to its northern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 169 in Aitkin.

For part of its route (8 miles), it runs together with U.S. Highway 10 in Coon Rapids and Anoka.  The two routes are concurrent from Foley Boulevard in Coon Rapids to Ferry Street (US 169) in Anoka.

Highway 47 also runs together with State Highway 18 for 9 miles in Mille Lacs and Aitkin counties around the northeast side of Mille Lacs Lake.
Adelaide of Guelders
Adelaide of Guelders (Dutch: Aleid, c. 1182 – 1218) was the daughter of Count Otto I of Guelders and his wife, Richardis. Also known as Adelaide of Bellich or Alice of Guelders.

Probably around 1198, in Stavoren, she married Count William I of Holland. They had five children:

Floris IV (24 June 1210 in The Hague–19 July 1234 in Corbie, France), succeeded his father as Count of Holland

Otto (d. 1249), Regent of Holland in 1238–1239, Bishop of Utrecht

William (d. 1238), Regent of Holland in 1234–1238.

Richarda (d. 1262)

Ada (d. 1258), Abbess at Rijnsburg from 1239 until her death

Adelaide died in 1218, while her husband was away on the Fifth Crusade.  She was buried in Rijnsburg Abbey.

Ada of Holland (abbess)
Ada of Holland (1208 – 15 June 1258) was a Dutch abbess of Rijnsburg Abbey from 1239.

Ada was born in about 1208 to Willem I, Count of Holland (c. 1168 – 1222) and Aleid van Gelre (c. 1178 – 1218). She first appears in written records in 1233 and in 1239 she moves from being a nun to being the abbess of Rijnsburg Abbey.

Because the abbey had been donated by her family she was allowed to be called the Lady of Rijnsburg. Problems arose in 1244 when her brother, Otto III van Holland, required that she should refer important decisions to him and other clergy and monarchs. She appealed to the pope, Innocent IV, who ruled in her favour. He confirmed her autonomy and also allowed the abbey the right to receive donations from novices entering the abbey.

Ada's authority was further undermined when her cousin sold the abbey and Ada was obliged to use her own money to repurchase it.

Van Holland died in Rijnsburg Abbey on 15 June 1258.
Saltillo Independent School District
Saltillo Independent School District (Saltillo ISD) is a public school district based in the community of Saltillo, Texas (USA).

Located in east central Hopkins County, the district extends into a small portion of Franklin County.

Saltillo ISD has one school that serves students in grades Pre-Kindergarten though twelve.

In 2009, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

Saltillo, Texas
Saltillo is an unincorporated community in Hopkins County, Texas, United States. It is located sixteen miles east of Sulphur Springs at the intersection of US 67 and FM 900. Saltillo has a population of approximately 300. Despite being unincorporated, Saltillo has its own post office, assigned the ZIP Code 75457. The Saltillo Independent School District serves area students.
RMS Medina
RMS Medina was an ocean liner built by Caird and Company, Greenock, Scotland, in 1911, for the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. She was a Royal Mail Ship intended for use on the London to Australia route and was the last of the ten ships in P&O's M class. Between November 1911 and February 1912 Medina took King George V and Queen Mary to India for the Delhi Durbar. Medina was lost when she was torpedoed on 28 April 1917.

Caird & Company
Caird & Company was a Scottish shipbuilding and engineering firm based in Greenock. The company was established in 1828 by John Caird when he received an order to re-engine Clyde paddle-tugs.

John's relative James Tennant Caird joined the company in 1831, and after leaving to work for Randolph, Elder & Co in Glasgow, rejoined the family business for good in 1838.

A year after the death of Robert Caird, the company was sold to Harland & Wolff Ltd in 1916 for £432,493. The firm continued trading as a separate enterprise, with Arthur and Patrick Caird on the board, until 1922. The Arthur Street engine works was sold to John G. Kincaid & Company in 1919.
Pitakotte East Grama Niladhari Division
Pitakotte East Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 522A.

1987 grenade attack in the Sri Lankan Parliament, Diyasaru Park, Sri Lankan Parliament Building, Parliament of Sri Lanka and Diyawanna Lake are located within, nearby or associated with Pitakotte East.

Pitakotte East is a surrounded by the Battaramulla South, Pahalawela, Madiwela, Mirihana North, Pitakotte and Ethulkotte Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Madiwela Grama Niladhari Division
Madiwela Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Maharagama Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 524.

Madiwela is a surrounded by the Pahalawela, Thalawathugoda West, Thalapathpitiya, Udahamulla East, Pragathipura, Mirihana North and Pitakotte East Grama Niladhari Divisions.
Wendy Watson (cricketer)
Wendy Ann Watson (born 8 July 1960) is an English former cricketer who played as a left-handed batter and left-arm medium bowler. She appeared in 7 Test matches and 23 One Day Internationals for England between 1987 and 1993. Her final WODI appearance was in the final of the 1993 Women's Cricket World Cup. She played domestic cricket for East Midlands, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire.

Derbyshire Women cricket team
The Derbyshire Women's cricket team is the women's representative cricket team for the English historic county of Derbyshire. They play their home games at various grounds across the county, and are captained by Adrianna Darlow. In 2019, they competed in Division 3 of the final season of the Women's County Championship, and have since competed in the Women's Twenty20 Cup, which they won in 2024. They were formerly partnered with the regional side The Blaze.
Dondapadu
Dondapadu is a neighbourhood and a part of Urban Notified Area of Amaravati, the state capital of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was a village in Thullur mandal of Guntur district, prior to its denotification as gram panchayat.

Thullur mandal
Thullur mandal is one of the 18 mandals in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Guntur Revenue Division and the headquarters are located at Thullur. The mandal is situated on the banks of Krishna River, bounded by Amaravathi, Tadikonda, Tadepalle and Mangalagiri mandals. The mandal is also a part of the new capital city of Andhra Pradesh to be developed. 18 villages from the mandal fall under the jurisdiction of Andhra Pradesh Capital City.
Space Adventures
Space Adventures, Inc. is an American space tourism company founded in 1998 by Eric C. Anderson. Its offerings include zero-gravity atmospheric flights, orbital spaceflights (with the option to participate in a spacewalk), and other spaceflight-related experiences including cosmonaut training, spacewalk training, and launch tours. Plans announced thus far include sub-orbital and lunar spaceflights, though these are not being actively pursued at present. Nine of its clients have participated in the orbital spaceflight program with Space Adventures, including one who took two separate trips to space.

Mark Shuttleworth
Mark Richard Shuttleworth (born 18 September 1973) is a South African and British entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Canonical, the company behind the Ubuntu Linux operating system. In 2002, Shuttleworth became the first African to travel to space, doing so as a space tourist. He holds dual citizenship from South Africa and the United Kingdom. In 2020, the Sunday Times Rich List estimated Shuttleworth's net worth to be £500 million.
Montgomery Dam
The Montgomery Dam is a gravity dam on the Fox River in Montgomery, Illinois. The dam was built for flood control and navigation in 1969 as a part of the Stratton project dam system which was designed to keep the river navagable from the Wisconsin border to the confluence with the Illinois River. It is owned by Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

The dam is 7 ft (2.1 m) high and 325 ft (99 m) long. It impounds 131 acre-feet (162,000 m3). The Fox River watershed above the Montgomery Dam totals 1,732 square miles (4,490 km2).

For many years, this dam and the upstream North Avenue Dam set the water levels for the Aurora, Illinois stretch of the Fox River.  In 2006, the City of Aurora removed the North Avenue Dam, and advocates of a free-flowing river are now seeking removal of the Montgomery Dam as well.

Fox River (Illinois River tributary)
The Fox River is a 202-mile-long (325 km) tributary of the Illinois River, flowing from southeastern Wisconsin to Ottawa, Illinois in the United States. The Wisconsin section was known as the Pishtaka River in the 19th century. There is another Fox River in Wisconsin that flows through Lake Winnebago into Green Bay. There are also two other "Fox Rivers" in southern Illinois: the Fox River (Little Wabash tributary) and a smaller "Fox River" that joins the Wabash River near New Harmony, Indiana.

The Fox River (Illinois River tributary) is known locally as an excellent fishery with opportunities for smallmouth bass, flathead catfish, and walleye.  The river’s watershed encompasses 1,720 square miles (4,500 km2) in Illinois and 938 square miles (2,430 km2) in Wisconsin.
Game Gurus
Game Gurus is a Canadian game show that aired on YTV for one season from 2006 to 2007 where two families play variations of various board games. The TV series  was taped in Mississauga, Ontario and hosted by Joseph Motiki.

Joseph Motiki
Joseph Frederick Motiki (born July 31, 1972) is a Canadian actor and television host. He is best known for hosting the TVOntario children's block The TVOKids Crawlspace and the Food Network game show Ice Cold Cash.
Silla–Tang War
The Silla–Tang War (670–676) occurred between the Silla kingdom of Korea (joined by Goguryeo and Baekje loyalists) and the Tang dynasty of China. It began in the geopolitical context immediately following the conquest of Goguryeo and Baekje by the joint forces of Silla and Tang.

Due to the internal political situation in both Silla and Tang, the conflict ended in a truce and Tang withdrawal from the Korean Peninsula south of the Taedong River. The subsequent territorial line between Tang and Unified Silla extended from the mouth of the Taedong River in the west to the East Korea Bay.

Munmu of Silla
Munmu  (626–681), personal name Kim Pŏmmin, was a Korean monarch who served as the 30th king of the Korean kingdom of Silla. He is usually considered to have been the first ruler of the  Unified Silla period. Munmu was the son of King Muyeol and Munmyeong, who was the younger sister of Kim Yu-sin. Under his father's reign, he held the office of pajinchan, who apparently was responsible for maritime affairs, and played a key role in developing the country's diplomatic links with Tang China. He was born as Kim Pŏmmin and took the name Munmu when he succeeded his father to the throne. After his death, he was known by the title of Dragon King.
Anomalopus
Anomalopus is a genus of worm-skinks, smallish smooth-scaled burrowing lizards in the subfamily Sphenomorphinae of the family Scincidae. The genus is endemic to the eastern half of Australia. The genus belongs to a clade in the Sphenomorphus group which contains such genera as Ctenotus and the close relatives Eulamprus and Gnypetoscincus (Austin & Arnold 2006).

Prickly forest skink
The prickly skink, or prickly forest skink (Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae), is a morphologically and genetically distinctive species of skink endemic to rainforests of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area, in north-eastern Australia. Unlike most small skinks, which have smooth scales, this species has rough, ridged and pointed scales. These keeled scales may be an adaptation to its high-rainfall habitat, to its microhabitat in rotting logs, or to camouflage it when moving through forest leaf-litter.
The Russian Rocket Reaction
"The Russian Rocket Reaction" is the fifth episode of the fifth season of The Big Bang Theory and the 92nd episode overall. It first aired on CBS on October 13, 2011.

The episode features guest appearances by recurring character Wil Wheaton and Star Trek: The Next Generation actor Brent Spiner. In the subplot, Wil Wheaton invites Leonard (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon (Jim Parsons) to a party that Brent Spiner attends. The main plot focuses on Howard (Simon Helberg) finding out he is going to the International Space Station.

The Big Bang Theory season 5
The fifth season of the American television sitcom The Big Bang Theory aired on CBS from September 22, 2011 to May 10, 2012.

At the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, The Big Bang Theory was nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series, but Modern Family on ABC won. The show was also nominated for Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video Control for a Series and Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing For A Comedy Series.

Jim Parsons (Sheldon Cooper) was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for "The Werewolf Transformation", but lost out to Jon Cryer. Mayim Bialik (Amy Farrah Fowler) was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for "The Shiny Trinket Maneuver", but lost out to Julie Bowen.
The Secret (play)
The Secret is a 1799 comedy play by the British writer Edward Morris. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 2 March 1799 and enjoyed a run of seventeen performances that season. The original cast included William Barrymore as Mr Dorville, Robert Palmer as Sir Harry Fleetly, Richard Suett as Mr Lizard, Charles Bannister as Jack Lizard, William Dowton as Mr Torrid, Charles Kemble as Henry Torrid, George Wathen as Ralph, Walter Maddocks as Steward, Jane Powell as Mrs Esther Dorville, Dorothea Jordan as Rosa and Jane Pope as Susannah Lizard. The prologue was written by Charles Morris and the epilogue by George Colman the Younger.

William Barrymore (stage actor)
William Barrymore (c. 1759–1830) was a British stage actor. Originally from Taunton, he was part of a company of strolling players in the West Country, and was acting at Plymouth in 1780. He first appeared at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in 1782, under the management of Richard Sheridan, and became a long-standing member of the company. He is also the namesake of the famed Barrymore family.
Coalition for the International Criminal Court
The Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC) is an international network of NGOs, with a membership of over 2,500 organizations worldwide advocating for a fair, effective and independent International Criminal Court (ICC). Coalition NGO members work in partnership to strengthen international cooperation with the ICC; ensure that the court is fair, effective and independent; make justice both visible and universal, and advance stronger national laws that deliver justice to victims of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. The CICC Secretariat is hosted by the Women's Initiative for Gender Justice and it is based in The Hague.

World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy
The World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy, Ltd. is an organization that advocates for a democratic world government of a world federalist system, formed in 1947 in Montreux, Switzerland.
TCB Band
The TCB Band is a group of musicians who formed the rhythm section of Elvis Presley's band from August 1969 until his death in 1977 (depending on the context, the nickname may also extend to Presley's background vocalists during that same period: the Imperials,  the Sweet Inspirations, and JD Sumner and The Stamps Quartet). The initials TCB stand for Taking Care of Business, a personal motto Presley adopted in the early 1970s. Although personnel changed over the years, the original members were James Burton (lead guitar), Jerry Scheff (bass), John Wilkinson (rhythm guitar), Larry Muhoberac (keyboards) and Ron Tutt (drums). They first appeared live at Presley's first Las Vegas performance at what was then known as the International Hotel (later the Las Vegas Hilton, now Westgate Las Vegas Resort and Casino) on July 31, 1969.

Tony Sheridan
Anthony Esmond Sheridan McGinnity (21 May 1940 – 16 February 2013), known professionally as Tony Sheridan, was an English rock and roll guitarist who spent much of his adult life in Germany. He was best known as an early collaborator of the Beatles (though the record was labelled as being with "The Beat Brothers"), one of two non-Beatles (the other being Billy Preston) to receive label performance credit on a record with the group, and the only non-Beatle to appear as lead singer on a Beatles recording which charted as a single.
Ohio State Route 530
State Route 530 (SR 530) is a nearly 8-mile (13 km) long, east-west state highway in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The western terminus of State Route 530 is at a signalized T-intersection with State Route 60 in downtown Lowell.  Its eastern terminus is at State Route 821 in the community of Warner, nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Lower Salem.

Established in the late 1930s, State Route 530 exists entirely within Washington County, passing through rural northern portions of the county while connecting the Lowell with the Lower Salem vicinity.

Lowell, Ohio
Lowell is a village in Washington County, Ohio, United States, along the Muskingum River. The population was 549 at the 2020 census. The village is located about 7.6 miles (12.2 km) north of Marietta, Ohio.
Appaloosa (film)
Appaloosa is a 2008 American Western film based on the 2005 novel Appaloosa by crime writer Robert B. Parker. Directed by Ed Harris and co-written by Harris and Robert Knott, Appaloosa stars Harris alongside Viggo Mortensen, Renée Zellweger, and Jeremy Irons. The film premiered at 2008 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in selected cities on September 19, 2008, then expanded into wide release on October 3, 2008. This movie has won four different awards, including the Western Heritage Award in 2009.

Appaloosa (novel)
Appaloosa (2005) is a novel set in the American Old West written by Robert B. Parker. A film of the same name based on the novel was released in 2008.  Parker published a sequel, Resolution, in June 2008, and a third novel featured the characters of Virgil Cole and Everett Hitch, Brimstone, in May 2009. A fourth and final book in the series—Blue-Eyed Devil—was published in 2010 shortly before Parker's death.
Docking Rural District
Docking Lynn Rural District was a rural district in Norfolk, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 based on the Docking rural sanitary district.  It covered an area south and east of Hunstanton.

The only changes to its boundaries during its 80 years of existence were caused by a series of expansions of Hunstanton Urban District (1902, 1925 & 1928). In 1974, the district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, and became part of the West Norfolk district.

King's Lynn and West Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk is a local government district with borough status in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in the town of King's Lynn. The district also includes the towns of Downham Market and Hunstanton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The population of the district at the 2021 census was 154,325.

Part of the borough lies within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The borough lies on the coast, facing both The Wash to the west and the North Sea to the north. The neighbouring districts are North Norfolk, Breckland, West Suffolk, East Cambridgeshire, Fenland and South Holland.
First Impressions of Earth
First Impressions of Earth is the third studio album by American rock band The Strokes. It was released through RCA Records first on December 30, 2005, in Germany, on January 2, 2006 in the UK and on January 3, 2006, elsewhere. Three singles were released from the album: "Juicebox", "Heart in a Cage", and "You Only Live Once".

Juicebox (song)
"Juicebox" is a song by American rock band the Strokes. It was written by singer Julian Casablancas and produced by David Kahne. The song was released by RCA Records as the lead single from the Strokes' third studio album, First Impressions of Earth. In the United States, the song was released in October 2005, while in the United Kingdom and Australia, it was released in December. Casablancas was quoted in Spin as saying this about the song: "I remember people saying this track's ugly, I think it's got a great personality." The track was leaked long before its scheduled single release, forcing the band and managers to release it as a single in iTunes format earlier than planned. The B-side to the single is the song "Hawaii".