hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valentine & Sons
Valentine and Sons was a printing company founded in Dundee, Scotland in 1851 by James Valentine (1815–1879), that grew to become Scotland's leading manufacturer of picture postcards.

Following James Valentine's death the company was run by his sons, William Dobson Valentine (1844–1907) and George Valentine (1852–1890).

The company was purchased by John Waddington Limited in 1963, who sold it in turn to Hallmark Cards in 1980. Valentine and Sons' operations ceased in 1994.

Hallmark Cards
Hallmark Cards, Inc. is a privately held, family-owned American company based in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1910 by Joyce Hall, Hallmark is one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of greeting cards in the United States. In 1985, the company was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

In addition to greeting cards, Hallmark also manufactures such products as party goods, gift wrap, and stationery. Hallmark acquired Binney & Smith in 1984, and would later change its name to Crayola, LLC after its well-known Crayola brand of crayons, markers and colored pencils. The company is also involved in television, having produced the long-running Hallmark Hall of Fame series since 1951, and launching the Hallmark Channel 50 years later (replacing an earlier joint venture with The Jim Henson Company, Odyssey Network).
Bakassi
Bakassi is a peninsula on the Gulf of Guinea. It lies between the Cross River estuary, near the city of Calabar and the Rio del Ray estuary on the east. It is governed by Cameroon, following the transfer of sovereignty from neighbouring Nigeria as a result of a judgment by the International Court of Justice. On 22 November 2007, the Nigerian Senate rejected the transfer, since the Greentree Agreement ceding the area to Cameroon was contrary to Section 12(1) of the 1999 Constitution. Regardless, the territory was completely ceded to Cameroon on 14 August 2008, exactly two years after the first part of it was transferred.

Rio del Rey
The Rio del Rey (also called Rio del Ray) is an estuary of a drainage basin in West Africa in Cameroon. It is located in the eastern area of the Niger River system. The Cameroon volcanic line separates Rio Del Rey from the Douala basin. Rio del Rey has been described as an estuary in which "the two rivers N'dian and Massake flow out". The mouth is close to the border with Nigeria and has connections to the Cross River estuary from which it is separated by the Bakassi peninsula. The Rio del Rey estuary has been designated as a Ramsar site since 2010.
Rochelle Independent School District
Rochelle Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Rochelle, Texas (USA).  The district has one school, Rochelle School that serves students in grades kindergarten through twelve.

Rochelle High School (Texas)
Rochelle High School or Rochelle School is a public high school located in unincorporated Rochelle, Texas (USA) and classified as a 1A school by the UIL. It is part of the Rochelle Independent School District located in eastern McCulloch County. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.
Kolešino
Kolešino (Macedonian: Колешино) is a village in the municipality of Novo Selo, North Macedonia. It is located four kilometers from the border with Greece and nine kilometers from Bulgaria. Kolešino is at the base of the Belasica Mountains.

Novo Selo Municipality
Novo Selo (Macedonian: Ново Селоⓘ) is a municipality in eastern North Macedonia. Novo Selo is also the name of the village where the municipal seat is found. Novo Selo means "New Village" in Macedonian and other Slavic languages. Novo Selo Municipality is part of the Southeastern statistical region.
Julvécourt Aerodrome
Julvécourt Aerodrome was a temporary World War I airfield in France, used initially by the French Service Aéronautique, and later by the Air Service, United States Army.  It was located 0.4 miles (0.64 km) West of Julvécourt, in the Meuse department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.

12th Aero Squadron
The 12th Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.

The squadron was assigned as a Corps Observation Squadron, performing short-range, tactical reconnaissance over the I Corps, United States First Army sector of the Western Front in France, providing battlefield intelligence.  After the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron was assigned to the United States Third Army as part of the Occupation of the Rhineland in Germany. It returned to the United States in June 1919 and became part of the permanent United States Army Air Service in 1921, being redesignated as the 12th Squadron (Observation).

The 12th Reconnaissance Squadron, United States Air Force, now at Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, traces its lineage and history to the 12th Aero Squadron.
Leopold Kober
Leopold Kober (21 September 1883 – 6 September 1970), an Austrian geologist, proposed a number of (subsequently largely discredited) theories of orogeny and coined the term kratogen to describe stable continental crust, which was later shortened to kraton by Hans Stille. Kober, developing geosyncline theory, posited that stable blocks known as forelands move toward each other forcing the sediments of the intervening geosynclinal region to move over the forelands and forming marginal mountain ranges known as Randketten, while leaving an intervening median mass known as the Zwischengebirge.

Geosyncline
A geosyncline (originally called a geosynclinal) is an obsolete geological concept to explain orogens, which was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before the theory of plate tectonics was envisaged. A geosyncline was described as a giant downward fold in the Earth's crust, with associated upward folds called geanticlines (or geanticlinals), that preceded the climax phase of orogenic deformation.
Fort Wayne Street Bridge
Fort Wayne Street Bridge, also known as the County Bridge #403 and Indiana Avenue Bridge, is a historic Pennsylvania truss bridge located at Goshen, Indiana.  It was built in 1896 by the Bellefontaine Bridge & Iron Co. and spans the Elkhart River.  The bridge measures 180 feet long and has a 23-foot-wide roadway.: 5–6

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Goshen, Indiana
Goshen (/ˈɡoʊʃən/ GOH-shən) is a city in and the county seat of Elkhart County, Indiana, United States. It is the smaller of the two principal cities of the Elkhart–Goshen Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the northern part of Indiana near the Michigan border, in a region known as Michiana. Goshen is located 10 miles southeast of Elkhart, 25 miles southeast of South Bend, 120 miles east of Chicago, and 150 miles north of Indianapolis. The population of Goshen was 34,517 at the 2020 census.

The city is known as a prominent recreational vehicle and accessories manufacturing center, the home of Goshen College, a small Mennonite liberal arts college, and the Elkhart County 4-H Fair, one of the largest county fairs in the United States.
Polynesian Football Player of the Year Award
The Polynesian Football Player of the Year Award is given annually by the Polynesian Football Hall of Fame to the most outstanding player of Polynesian descent at the high school, college, and professional levels of American football. The award was first established in 2014 and initially only recognized the best Polynesian college football player. The award was expanded in 2015 to recognize Polynesian professional football players and was expanded yet again in 2017 to recognize Polynesian high school football players.

Polynesian Football Hall of Fame
The Polynesian Football Hall of Fame is a hall of fame that honors the greatest players, coaches, and contributors of Polynesian descent in the sport of American football. It was established in 2013 by former National Football League (NFL) players Jesse Sapolu and Maa Tanuvasa. Board members include Troy Polamalu, Via Sikahema, June Jones, and Reno Mahe.

The hall is located at the Polynesian Cultural Center in Oahu, Hawaii.
Neeld baronets
The Neeld Baronetcy, of Grittleton in the County of Wiltshire, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 20 April 1859 for John Neeld, a Conservative politician and Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Queen Victoria. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1941.

Joseph Neeld was the elder brother of the first Baronet.

Joseph Neeld
Joseph Neeld (1789–1856) was Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom for the rotten borough of Gatton, Surrey from March to July 1830 and for Chippenham, Wiltshire, England from September 1830 to March 1856.
Barkcloth
Barkcloth or bark cloth is a versatile material that was once common in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific.  Barkcloth comes primarily from trees of the family Moraceae, including Broussonetia papyrifera, Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus tamaran, and Ficus natalensis.  It is made by beating sodden strips of the fibrous inner bark of these trees into sheets, which are then finished into a variety of items. Many texts that mention "paper clothing" are actually referring to barkcloth.

Some modern cotton-based fabrics are also named "barkcloth" for their resemblance to these traditional fabrics.

Artocarpus tamaran
Artocarpus tamaran, also known as elephant jack in English, tarap tempunan in Malay, and more locally as timbangan, tamaran, entawa or wi yang, is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the fig family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Ponte Vedra High School
Ponte Vedra High School (PVHS) is a public high school in the St. Johns County School District, located in Nocatee census-designated place, northeast St. Johns County, Florida. The high school was constructed to relieve overcrowding at Allen D. Nease High School.

Communities in the school's attendance boundary include: Palm Valley, Sawgrass, and portions of Nocatee.

Sawgrass, Florida
Sawgrass is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Johns County, Florida, United States on the southern half of San Pablo Island. The population was 5,385 at the 2020 census, up from 4,880 at the 2010 census. The area is located in Ponte Vedra Beach and part of the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Sawgrass is home to The Players Championship (TPC), established in 1974. The tournament offers the highest prize fund of any tournament in golf.
Thomas Thorpe
Thomas Thorpe (c. 1569 – c. 1625) was an English publisher, most famous for publishing Shakespeare's sonnets and several works by Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson. His publication of the sonnets has long been controversial. Nineteenth-century critics thought that he might have published the poems without Shakespeare's consent; Sidney Lee called him "predatory and irresponsible." Conversely, modern scholars Wells and Taylor assert their verdict that "Thorpe was a reputable publisher, and there is nothing intrinsically irregular about his publication."

All Fools
All Fools is an early Jacobean era stage play, a comedy by George Chapman that was first published in 1605. The play has often been considered Chapman's highest achievement in comedy: "not only Chapman's most flawless, perfectly balanced play," but "also his most human and large-minded." "Chapman certainly wrote no comedy in which an ingenious and well-managed plot combined so harmoniously with personages so distinctly conceived and so cleverly and divertingly executed."
The Blackberries
The Blackberries was an American female vocal trio formed in the 1970s. They were a backing vocal group for various musicians, as well as songwriters. They performed with various acts, including Pacific Gas & Electric, Humble Pie, Ringo Starr, and Pink Floyd. The Blackberries recorded for Motown's West Coast subsidiary Mowest and A&M Records.

Pink Floyd 1974 tours
The English rock group Pink Floyd played two tours in 1974. As well as performing the hit album The Dark Side of the Moon live, the band introduced new material that would eventually be recorded on the albums Wish You Were Here and Animals. Part of the tour was sponsored by the soft drink company Gini.

The tour was commercially successful, and featured improved lighting and a new video display system named "Mr Screen". However, the music was criticised in the press for being uninspiring and too similar to the studio albums.
Harvard Film Archive
The Harvard Film Archive (HFA) is a film archive and cinema located in the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dedicated to the collection, preservation and exhibition of film, the HFA houses a collection of over 25,000 films in addition to videos, photos, posters and other film ephemera from around the world and from almost every period in film history. The HFA cinematheque screens films weekly in its 188-seat theater. It also maintains a film conservation center near Central Square, Cambridge. Harvard Film Archive won the 2020 Webby Award for Cultural Institution in the category Web.

Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts
The Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is the only building designed primarily by Le Corbusier in the United States—he contributed to the design of the United Nations Secretariat Building—and one of only two in the Americas (the other being the Curutchet House in La Plata, Argentina). Le Corbusier designed it with the collaboration of Chilean architect Guillermo Jullian de la Fuente at his 35 rue de Sèvres studio; the on-site preparation of the construction plans was handled by the office of Josep Lluís Sert, then dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Design. He had formerly worked in Le Corbusier's atelier and had been instrumental in winning him the commission. The building was completed in 1962.
Description of the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age in IPCC reports
The description of the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age in IPCC reports has changed since the first report in 1990 as scientific understanding of the temperature record of the past 1000 years has improved. The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) are the best-known temperature fluctuations in the last millennium.

Critics of the hockey stick graph of all subsequent reports have claimed that the record of the MWP and LIA were suppressed in the IPCC Third Assessment Report although every report discussed the phenomena.

Medieval Warm Period
The Medieval Warm Period (MWP), also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum or the Medieval Climatic Anomaly, was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region that lasted from about 950 CE to about 1250 CE. Climate proxy records show peak warmth occurred at different times for different regions, which indicate that the MWP was not a globally uniform event. Some refer to the MWP as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly to emphasize that climatic effects other than temperature were also important.

The MWP was followed by a regionally cooler period in the North Atlantic and elsewhere, which is sometimes called the Little Ice Age (LIA).

Possible causes of the MWP include increased solar activity, decreased volcanic activity, and changes in ocean circulation. Modelling evidence has shown that natural variability is insufficient on its own to explain the MWP and that an external forcing had to be one of the causes.
She Came to the Valley
She Came to the Valley is a western-genre film, shot in 1977 and released in 1979. Directed by Albert Band, it stars Ronee Blakley, Scott Glenn, Freddy Fender, and Dean Stockwell. It is based on a novel by Cleo Dawson.

Albert Band
Albert Band (May 7, 1924 – June 14, 2002) was a French-born American film director and film producer.

He was the son of artist Max Band, father of filmmaker Charles Band and of film composer Richard Band and the grandfather of singer and songwriter Alex Band.
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.

Tim Houston
Timothy Jerome Houston (born April 10, 1970) is a Canadian politician who has served as the 30th premier of Nova Scotia since 2021, and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party (PC) since 2017. He was first elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2013 provincial election, and represents the electoral district of Pictou East. He was the leader of the opposition from 2018 to 2021.

Houston and the PC party won a majority government in the 2021 Nova Scotia general election, making him the first PC premier since 2009. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority.
Borgu Local Government Area
The Borgu Local Government Area is an administrative region in Niger State, Nigeria, It is one of the 25 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the state, with the headquarter situated in the town of New Bussa.
The postal code is 913.
The Borgu LGA was formerly part of Kwara State, but on 27 August 1991 it was transferred to Niger State.

The LGA has the same extent as the Borgu Emirate, a Nigerian traditional state.
It contains part of the Borgu Game Reserve, a section of the Kainji National Park.

In the 1991 census Borgu LGA had a total population of 110,000, with a mixed ethnic population as follows:

Fulani 30,000

Bokobaru 25,000

Busa 15,000

Hausa 10,000

kambari (Acipu) 8,000

Yoruba 7,000

Laru 5,000

Hun-Saare 3,000

Nupe 2,000

Lopa 2,000

Igbo 1,000

Others 2,000

Borgu Game Reserve
The Borgu Game Reserve is a section of the Kainji National Park, in the Borgu Local Government Area of Niger State and Baruten Local 
Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria.
It is bordered on the east by Kainji Lake and reaches almost to the border with Benin to the west, covering 397,002 hectares (981,010 acres). It was amalgamated with the Zugurma Game Reserve in 1975 to form the Kainji Lake National Park.
Sidney A. Hill House
The Sidney A. Hill House is a historic house at 31 Chestnut Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts.  The Queen Anne style Victorian wood-frame house was built c. 1895 for Sidney A. Hill, a partner in a shoe manufacturing business.  The gables of the house feature Stick-style aprons and bands of cut shingles, and a porch that wraps around parts of the front and side of the house that features turned balusters and posts, and more Stick style detailing.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and included in the Nobility Hill Historic District in 1990.

Nobility Hill Historic District
The Nobility Hill Historic District is a residential historic district roughly bounded by Chestnut and Maple Streets and Cedar Avenue in Stoneham, Massachusetts.  The district includes a number of high quality houses representing a cross section of fashionable housing built between 1860 and 1920.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
1966 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
The 1966 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 72nd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.

Patrickswell were the defending champions.

On 30 October 1966, Patrickswell won the championship after a 5–11 to 3–07 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.

Patrickswell GAA
Patrickswell GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Patrickswell, County Limerick, Ireland. The club is primarily concerned with the game of hurling, but has also fielded teams in Gaelic football.
2009–10 Euro Hockey League
The 2009–10 Euro Hockey League was the third season of the Euro Hockey League, Europe's premier club field hockey tournament organized by the EHF.

The final was played between UHC Hamburg and Rotterdam at the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands. UHC Hamburg beat Rotterdam 3–1 to win their second title. Bloemendaal were the title holders, but were eliminated by UHC Hamburg in the quarter-finals.

HC Rotterdam
Hockey Club Rotterdam, commonly known as Rotterdam is a Dutch professional field hockey club based in Rotterdam, South Holland. It was founded on 16 September 1925.

The first men's team competes on the highest level of the Dutch field hockey league, which is called "Hoofdklasse" and the first women's team competes in the second tier called the Promotieklasse. HC Rotterdam plays their matches in the 3,500-capacity Hazelaarweg Stadion, which also hosted the 2001 Men's Champions Trophy and the 2005 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup.
Shindand District
Shinḍanḍ District (Pashto: شينډنډ) is located in the southern part of Herat Province in Afghanistan, bordering Adraskan District to the north, Ghor Province to the east and Farah Province to the south and west. It is one of the 16 districts of Herat Province. The name Shindand is Pashto and relates to lush green farming area.

The population of Shindand District is around 49,024. The district center is the town of Shindand, which has an active market area. Shindand Air Base is located near the town. The Kandahar–Herat Highway passes through the district. The Zerkoh Valley is in the district.

Shindand
Shīnḍanḍ (Pashto: شينډنډ), originally, is a town and the center of the Shindand District, Herat Province, Afghanistan. It is located at 33°18′13″N 62°08′24″E﻿ / ﻿33.3036°N 62.14°E﻿ / 33.3036; 62.14 at 1,066 m altitude on the Harut River. The Shindand Air Base is located about 15 miles northeast of the town.

Shindand is at the northern end of Zirko Valley, which is one of main centers of poppy production in western Afghanistan. The town is located south of Adriskan, where a large police training facility exists. The population includes Pashtuns, though Pashtuns make up the majority. The main languages spoken in the area are Pashto. During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989) the 5th Guards Motor Rifle Division was headquartered in the town.
Sports radio
Sports radio (or sports talk radio) is a radio format devoted entirely to discussion and broadcasting of sporting events. A widespread programming genre that has a narrow audience appeal, sports radio is characterized by an often-boisterous on-air style and extensive debate and analysis by both hosts and callers. Many sports talk stations also carry play-by-play (live commentary) of local sports teams as part of their regular programming.

Mike and the Mad Dog
Mike and the Mad Dog was an American sports radio show hosted by Mike Francesa and Christopher "Mad Dog" Russo that aired in afternoons on WFAN in New York City from September 1989 to August 2008. From 2002 the show was simulcast on television on the YES Network. On the radio, the show was simulcast beginning in 2007 on WQYK in Tampa, Florida, and from 2004 until 2007 on WROW in Albany, New York. The popularity of Mike and the Mad Dog, along with other sports talk shows on WFAN, is credited with helping to popularize the sports radio format across the United States.