hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Organic photonics
Organic photonics is a subfield of photonics (the technical application of optics) in which light is manipulated via organic materials.

Fields within organic photonics include the liquid organic dye laser and organic solid-state dye lasers.  Materials used in solid-state dye lasers include:

laser dye-doped PMMA

laser dye-doped ormosil

laser dye-doped polymer-nanoparticle matrices

laser dye-doped bio-based gain media

Organic-inorganic nanoparticle gain media are nanocomposites developed for solid-state dye lasers and can also be used in biosensors, bioanalytics, and nonlinear organic photonics applications.

An additional class of organic materials used in the generation of laser light include organic semiconductors. Conjugated polymers are widely used as optically pumped organic semiconductors.

Ormosil
Ormosil is a shorthand phrase for organically modified silica or organically modified silicate.  In general, ormosils are produced by adding silane to silica-derived gel during the sol-gel process. They are engineered materials that show great promise in a wide range of applications such as:

alternative to viral vectors for gene delivery, with higher transient transfection efficiencies

suspension media and substrates for next generation solar cells (quantum dots)and photocatalytic oxidation of water

matrix material for UV-protection coating

matrix material for laser dye-doped organic-inorganic solid state dye lasers

This technology has been demonstrated as a nonviral vector to successfully deliver DNA loads to specifically targeted cells in living animals. Confirmation of results demonstrated that new DNA was working and expressed genes in the animal.
Hauppauge Computer Works
Hauppauge Computer Works (/ˈhɔːpɒɡ/ HAWP-og) is a US manufacturer and marketer of electronic video hardware for personal computers. Although it is most widely known for its WinTV line of TV tuner cards for PCs, Hauppauge also produces personal video recorders, digital video editors, digital media players, hybrid video recorders and digital television products for both Windows and Mac. The company is named after the hamlet of Hauppauge, New York, in which it is based.

In addition to its headquarters in New York, Hauppauge also has sales and technical support offices in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, Poland, Australia, Japan, Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Intel i860
The Intel i860 (also known as 80860) is a RISC microprocessor design introduced by Intel in 1989. It is one of Intel's first attempts at an entirely new, high-end instruction set architecture since the failed Intel iAPX 432 from the beginning of the 1980s. It was the world's first million-transistor chip. It was released with considerable fanfare, slightly obscuring the earlier Intel i960, which was successful in some niches of embedded systems. The i860 never achieved commercial success and the project was terminated in the mid-1990s.
Chikatsuyu
Chikatsuyu is a small village (pop. 450) in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Tanabe City municipality. It sits adjacent to the Hidaka-gawa River. It is one of the ancient post stations (postal towns) along the Kumano Kodo World Heritage route.

Kumano Kodō
The Kumano Kodō (熊野古道) is a series of ancient pilgrimage routes that crisscross the Kii Peninsula, the largest peninsula of Japan. These mountainous trails are used by pilgrims to the "Kumano Sanzan" (熊野三山) - the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano: Kumano Hongū Taisha (熊野本宮大社), Kumano Nachi Taisha (熊野那智大社) and Kumano Hayatama Taisha (熊野速玉大社). These three shrines are the holiest sites of the ancient syncretic Kumano religion.

It has been visited by pilgrims seeking healing and salvation as a site of religious significance for over a thousand years. People with backgrounds from peasants to emperors would visit the region while guided by Shugendō monks.

In July 2004, some of the roads of the Kumano Kodō and the shrines of the Kumano Sanzan, along with Koyasan and Yoshino and Ōmine, were registered as World Heritage sites together as the "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range".
Ulysses Township, Pennsylvania
Ulysses Township is a township in Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the township population was 647. There are two Pennsylvania state parks in Ulysses Township. Denton Hill State Park is a ski resort along U.S. Route 6. Lyman Run State Park is in the southern part of the township and is partially in neighboring West Branch Township. Its population includes extreme white supremacy groups, and has done so for about 100 years.

Lyman Run State Park
Lyman Run State Park is a 595-acre (241 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Ulysses and West Branch Townships in Potter County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Lyman Run Lake is a 45-acre (18 ha) man-made lake within the park, surrounded by a northern hardwood forest of mainly maple and cherry trees. Lyman Run State Park is 7 miles (11 km) west of Galeton and 15 miles (24 km) east of Coudersport, and is nearly completely surrounded by the Susquehannock State Forest.
2021 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship
The 2021 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship was the 2021 installment of the annual Leinster Senior Hurling Championship organised by Leinster GAA. Kilkenny were the defending champions and eventual champions, defeating Dublin in the final.

Kilkenny county hurling team
The Kilkenny county hurling team represents Kilkenny in hurling and is governed by Kilkenny GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, and the National Hurling League. Historically, Kilkenny is the most successful team at senior level.

Kilkenny's home ground is Nowlan Park, Kilkenny. The team's manager is Derek Lyng.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 2025, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2015 and the National League in 2021.
Khwarazm
42°18′N 59°9′E﻿ / ﻿42.300°N 59.150°E﻿ / 42.300; 59.150

Khwarazm or Chorasmia is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau. It was the center of the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization until the 9th century, when Turkic tribes moved into and ruled the lands. A series of kingdoms such as the Afrighid dynasty and the Anushtegin dynasty, whose capitals were (among others) Kath, Gurganj (now Konye-Urgench) and—from the 16th century on—Khiva. Today Khwarazm belongs partly to Uzbekistan and partly to Turkmenistan.

Ustyurt Plateau
The Ustyurt or Ust-Yurt (from Kazakh: Үстірт; Uzbek: Ustyurt; Turkmen: Üstyurt; Karakalpak: Ústirt — flat hill, plateau) is a transboundary clay desert shared by Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

The plateau's semi-nomadic population raises camels, goats, and sheep.
Georg Christian Crollius
Georg Christian Crollius (21 July 1728 – 23 March 1790) was a German historian and librarian.

He was born in Zweibrücken, the son of the gymnasial headmaster Johann Philipp Crollius and Margaretha Gabriela Joannis. Crollius studied in Halle and Göttingen. He succeeded his father in the management of the Herzog-Wolfgang-Gymnasium in Zweibrücken, the most renowned school in Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Duke Christian IV appointed him also to the committee of the library, the present-day Bibliotheca Bipontina, and to court historiographer. Similar to his father he researched the history of Palatinate-Zweibrücken and of the Rhenish County Palatine. As a member of the Mannheim academy (since 1765) he wrote several essays, which were printed in the series of the academy. The Origines Bipontinae (1761–1769) might be cited as his main work. Starting in 1779 he contributed also to the Editiones Bipontinae. He died in his home town of Zweibrücken.

Bibliotheca Bipontina
49°14′58.3692″N 7°21′59.724″E﻿ / ﻿49.249547000°N 7.36659000°E﻿ / 49.249547000; 7.36659000

The Bibliotheca Bipontina is a regional scientific library in Zweibrücken, which has been part of the Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz since 1 September 2004. It is one of the most important Altbestand libraries in the land.

The book stock amounts to about 120,600 volumes as of 2012, including 12,000 volumes of the museum's old stock from the princely libraries of the dukes of Zweibrück. It also holds the libraries of the Association for Palatine Church History (about 20,000 volumes) and the Zweibrücken Historical Association (about 10,000 volumes). The main focus of the holdings is on regional literature of the Palatinate and on humanities subjects. The founding collection of the Bibliotheca Bipontina was included in the Länderverzeichnis national wertvollen Kulturgutes in 2015.
Anna J. Cooper Circle
Anna J. Cooper Circle is a traffic circle and park at the intersection of 3rd and T Streets, Northwest, in the historic LeDroit Park neighborhood of Washington, D.C.  In 1983, the circle was named in honor of Anna Julia Haywood Cooper (1858–1964), an author, educator, feminist, and influential African American scholar who once lived in LeDroit Park.  The circle is the city's only roundabout named after a woman and serves as a focal point for the LeDroit Park Historic District.  The park includes a sign providing historical information about Cooper.

LeDroit Park
LeDroit Park (/ləˈdrɔɪt/ or /ˈliːdrɔɪt/) is a neighborhood in Washington, D.C. located immediately southeast of Howard University.  Its borders include Florida Avenue NW, Bryant Street NW, Georgia Avenue NW, and 2nd Street NW. LeDroit Park is known for its history and 19th century protected architecture. The community's diversity entices new residents to the community, as well as its close proximity to the Shaw–Howard University Metro station  and many dining options.
Too Young for Promises
"Too Young for Promises" is a song written by Leon Berger and recorded by the Australian band Koo De Tah. It was released as the band's debut single in June 1985 and peaked at number 6 on the Australian Kent Music Report.

Koo De Tah
Koo De Tah (also Koo Dé Tah or Koo Dee Tah) were an Australian pop music band. The core band members were New Zealander Tina Cross and Russian-Australian Leon Berger. The group were formed and based in Sydney, Australia.
Japan Women's College of Physical Education
Japan Women's College of Physical Education (日本女子体育大学, Nihon joshi taiiku daigaku) is a private university in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. The predecessor of the school, a juku, was founded 1922 by Nikaidō Tokuyo. In 1965 it was chartered as a university.

Nikaidō Tokuyo
Nikaidō Tokuyo (二階堂トクヨ, December 5, 1880 – July 17, 1941) was a Japanese educator, founder of the Japan Women's College of Physical Education. She introduced western competitive team sports, including field hockey and cricket, to Japanese women's colleges.
Frontline season 1
This is a list of the 13 episodes of series one of Frontline, which first aired in 1994. In series 1, Frontline chronicles the behind-the-scenes workings of a struggling current affairs show competing with dominant players for audience share. The series is shot in mockumentary style.

All of the show's episodes were written, produced and directed by Rob Sitch (Mike Moore), Jane Kennedy (Brooke Vandenberg), Santo Cilauro (Geoffrey Salter)—who also did most of the camera work—and Tom Gleisner.

Frontline (Australian TV series)
Frontline is an Australian comedy television series which satirised Australian television current affairs programs and reporting. It ran for three series of 13 half-hour episodes and was broadcast on ABC TV in 1994, 1995 and 1997.
Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval
Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval is an Indian film director, screenwriter in Malayalam cinema. He made his debut cinema with Android Kunjappan Version 5.25, released on 8 November 2019. His films include Kanakam Kaamini Kalaham, Nna Thaan Case Kodu, Madanolsavam. He won Best Screen play award in 53rd Kerala state film awards for the film Nna Thaan Case Kodu.

Madanolsavam (2023 film)
Madanolsavam is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language satirical comedy film directed by Sudheesh Gopinath  and featuring Suraj Venjaramoodu, Babu Antony, Rajesh Madhavan and Bhama Arun in lead roles. Produced by Vinayaka Ajith under the banner of Saina Movies, the film portrays the protagonist's journey from being a mere cog in the wheel to defying the odds and fighting his unusual circumstances to regain control of his life and destiny.
Ust-Ishimsky District
Ust-Ishimsky District (Russian: Усть-Иши́мский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 7,846 square kilometers (3,029 sq mi).} Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Ust-Ishim, which, as its name indicates, is located at the confluence of the Ishim River with the Irtysh.

Population: 13,480 (2010 Census);  16,479 (2002 census); 21,670 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ust-Ishim accounts for 35.6% of the district's total population.

The Ust'-Ishim man, an ancient skeleton dated to 45,000 years before present, was discovered on the bank of the Irtysh River in Ust-Ishimsky District.

Ust'-Ishim man
57°44′38″N 71°12′00″E﻿ / ﻿57.744°N 71.200°E﻿ / 57.744; 71.200

Ust'-Ishim man is the term given to the 45,000-year-old remains of one of the early modern humans to inhabit western Siberia. The fossil is notable in that it had intact DNA which permitted the complete sequencing of its genome, one of the oldest modern human genomes to be so decoded.

The remains consist of a single bone—left femur—of a male hunter-gatherer, which was discovered in 2008 protruding from the bank of the Irtysh River by Nikolai Peristov, a Russian sculptor who specialises in carving mammoth ivory. Peristov showed the fossil to a forensic investigator who suggested that it might be of human origin. The fossil was named after the Ust-Ishimsky District of Siberia where it had been discovered.
Georgia's 23rd Senate district
District 23 of the Georgia Senate is located in East Georgia and the Central Savannah River Area.

The district includes southern Augusta-Richmond, Burke, western Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, McDuffie, Screven, Taliaferro, and Warren counties.

The current senator is former U.S. Rep. Max Burns, a Republican from Sylvania first elected in 2020.

Burke County, Georgia
Burke County is a county located along the eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia in the Piedmont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,596. The county seat is Waynesboro. Burke County is part of the Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metropolitan statistical area.
Duff Armstrong
William "Duff" Armstrong (c. 1833–1899) was an American Union Army soldier and the defendant in an 1858 murder prosecution in which he was defended by Abraham Lincoln, two years before Lincoln was elected President of the United States. The case would later be loosely portrayed in the 1939 film Young Mr. Lincoln.

Young Mr. Lincoln
Young Mr. Lincoln is a 1939 American biographical drama film about the early life of President Abraham Lincoln, directed by John Ford and starring Henry Fonda.  Ford and producer Darryl F. Zanuck fought for control of the film, to the point where Ford destroyed unwanted takes for fear the studio would use them in the film. Screenwriter Lamar Trotti was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Writing/Original Story.

In 2003, Young Mr. Lincoln was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
2010 Wales Rally GB
The 2010 Wales Rally GB, was the thirteenth and final round of the 2010 World Rally Championship (WRC) season. The twenty stage gravel rally took place over 11–14 November 2010 and was based in the Welsh capital of Cardiff. The rally was the final event for two-litre World Rally Cars as the 2011 season will see the introduction of 1.6-litre World Rally Cars.

Sébastien Loeb won his eighth event of the season and the 62nd WRC rally of his career after holding off Petter Solberg by under 20 seconds. Jari-Matti Latvala finished third to secure second place in the drivers' championship.

Armindo Araújo finished second – behind Ott Tänak – in the PWRC class to claim his second successive championship, while Xavier Pons claimed the inaugural SWRC championship taking third on the rally behind Andreas Mikkelsen and Craig Breen.

Andreas Mikkelsen
Andreas Mikkelsen (born 22 June 1989) is a Norwegian rally driver. He is currently competing in the WRC2 Championship for Toksport WRT. He previously drove in the top category for the factory teams of Volkswagen, Citroën and Hyundai, finishing third in the drivers' standings in 2014, 2015 and 2016. His current co-driver is Jørn Listerud.

Mikkelsen is a two-time Intercontinental Rally Challenge champion, having finished first in 2011 and 2012. In 2021, he became the drivers' champion in both the WRC2 and the European Rally Championship. He won WRC2 for a second time in 2023.
Granica, Warsaw West County
Granica [ɡraˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kampinos, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

The village is home to the Jadwiga and Roman Kobendz Educational and Museum Center, part of the Kampinos National Park. There is also an open-air museum of forest architecture (a small portion of the planned ethnographic park has been completed) and an eagle-shaped World War II cemetery.

Next to the museum is the Third Millennium Avenue, along which young oak trees were planted by President Bronisław Komorowski, among others.

Scenes for Jerzy Skolimowski's film Essential Killing were filmed in the village.

Gmina Kampinos
Gmina Kampinos is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kampinos, which lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Ożarów Mazowiecki and 38 km (24 mi) west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 84.25 square kilometres (32.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,105 (4,291 in 2013).
Ghorakhal
Ghorakal is the place situated in the Nainital district of the Uttarakhand state of India
Ghorakhal means pond for water to horses. It is the picturesque site at the height of more than 2,000 m.

It is situated near Bhowali and is the seat for the boarding school, known as Sainik School Ghorakhal, established in 1966 at the Ghorakhal Estate of the Nawab of Rampur. The aim of Sainik Schools is to prepare boys (and recently some girls) for entry to the National Defence Academy (India). ″The famous Golu Devta temple is situated on a hill above overlooking the school.

Some scenes of Madhumati 1958 classic by Bimal Roy, which was shot extensively around Nainital had some scenes shot at Ghorakhal as well. And scene of the temple in Vivah 2006 movie had the scene from the famous Golu Devta Mandir

Sainik School Ghorakhal
Sainik School Ghorakhal is one of the 33 Sainik Schools, established by the Sainik Schools Society  in 1962, at Ghorakhal, 16 km away from Nainital in Uttarakhand, India at an altitude of approximately 6000 ft or 1800 metres. The school's aim is to prepare its students (often called Cadets) for entry to the famous National Defence Academy (India) where they get further prepared for becoming officers in the Indian Defence Forces.

The Ghorakhal estate was presented to General Wheeler  in 1870 by the British Rulers. In 1921, then Nawab of Rampur, Maj Gen, His Highness, Alijah, Amirul Umrah, Nawab, Sir Syed Mohammed Hamid Ali, Khan Bahadur, purchased this Estate Rampur State. After the abolition of the privy purses in post Independent India, the State Government (then Uttar Pradesh) purchased the Estate from the Nawab of Rampur in March 1964 and later Sainik School Ghorakhal was established on 21 March 1966.
Ion Manolescu-Strunga
Ion N. Manolescu-Strunga (12 May 1889 in Strunga, Iași County, Romania – 19 April 1951 in Sighetu Marmației, Romania) was a Romanian liberal politician.

He studied economics in Vienna and afterwards obtained his doctor's degree at the University of Berlin. He was undersecretary of the Ministry of Agriculture in 1933–1934, and again in 1936. He also was Minister of Industry and Commerce from 5 October 1934 to 1 August 1935 and Minister, secretary of state from 17 November 1937 to 28 December 1937.

Under the communist regime he was arrested on 6 May 1950. He was sentenced to 2 years of hard labor and sent to the Sighet Prison, where he died on 19 April 1951.

His first wife was actress Elvira Popescu. After his death, his second wife, Irina Manolescu-Strunga (née Filotti), was arrested on 15 April 1952; sentenced to two years, she was detained at Dumbrăveni and Văcărești prisons, and liberated on 30 November 1953. Their daughter, Gina, had a child with the journalist N. D. Cocea.

Elvira Popescu
Elvira Popescu (Romanian pronunciation: [elˈvira poˈpesku]; in French, Elvire Popesco; 10 May 1894 – 11 December 1993) was a Romanian-French stage and film actress and theatre director. During the 1930s and 1940s, she starred in a number of French comedy films.
FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2017 – Men's downhill
The Men's downhill competition at the 2017 World Championships was scheduled for Saturday, 11 February. Postponed due to fog, it was run from a lower start on Sunday, 12 February.

Switzerland's Beat Feuz won the gold medal, Erik Guay of Canada took the silver, and the bronze medalist was Max Franz of Austria.

The race course was 2.920 km (1.814 mi) in length, with a vertical drop of 705 m (2,313 ft) from a starting elevation of 2,745 m (9,006 ft) above sea level. Feuz's winning time of 98.91 seconds yielded an average speed of 106.278 km/h (66.0 mph) and an average vertical descent rate of 7.1277 m/s (23.4 ft/s).

Erik Guay
Erik Guay (/ɡeɪ/) (born August 5, 1981) is a Canadian former World Cup alpine ski racer. Racing out of Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Guay won the World Cup season title in super-G in 2010 and was the world champion in downhill in 2011, as well as in the super-G in 2017. With 25 World Cup podiums, he is the career leader for Canada.
Imslandsjøen
Imslandsjøen is a village in Vindafjord Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern shore of the Vindafjorden, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the village of Vikedal and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west of the village of Sand in neighboring Suldal Municipality. Imsland Church is located in the village.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.