hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ethopoeia
Ethopoeia is the ancient Greek term for the creation of a character. Ethopoeia was a technique used by early students of rhetoric in order to create a successful speech or oration by impersonating a subject or client. Ethopoeia contains elements of both ethos and pathos and this is noticeable in the three divisions of ethopoeia. These three divisions are pathetical (dealing with emotions), ethical (dealing with character) and mixed (a combination of both emotion and character). It is essential to impersonation, one of the fourteen progymnasmata exercises created for the early schools of rhetoric.

Progymnasmata
Progymnasmata (Greek προγυμνάσματα "fore-exercises"; Latin praeexercitamina) are a series of preliminary rhetorical exercises that began in ancient Greece and continued during the Roman Empire. These exercises were implemented by students of rhetoric, who began their schooling between ages twelve and fifteen. The purpose of these exercises was to prepare students for writing declamations after they had completed their education with the grammarians.
There are only four surviving handbooks of progymnasmata, attributed to Aelius Theon, Hermogenes of Tarsus, Aphthonius of Antioch, and Nicolaus the Sophist.
Iwase, Ibaraki
Iwase (岩瀬町, Iwase-machi) was a town located in Nishiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 22,378 and a density of 256.75 per km2. The total area was 87.16 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Iwase, the town of Makabe and the village of Yamato (both from Makabe District) were merged to create the city of Sakuragawa.

Makabe District, Ibaraki
Makabe (真壁郡, Makabe-gun) was a district located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of the Chikusei merger, but with 2003 population data, the district had an estimated population of 26,699 and a density of 288 persons per km2. The total area was 92.62 km2.
Nidderdale Greenway
The Nidderdale Greenway is a 4-mile (6.4 km) path that runs between Harrogate and Ripley in North Yorkshire, England. It uses a former railway line that ran between Harrogate and Pateley Bridge as its course. The route connects to other cycle paths including the Way of the Roses.

Ripley, North Yorkshire
Ripley is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire in England, a few miles north of Harrogate on the A61 road towards Ripon. The village name derives from Old English and is believed to mean wood of the Hrype or Ripon people.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate; it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Saatchya Aat Gharat
Saatchya Aat Gharat (transl. At home within seven) is a 2004 Indian Marathi-language film directed by Sanjay Surkar and produced by Smita Talwalkar. The film was released on 31 May 2004. It is partly based upon a 2002 incident in the University of Pune campus, where a student was raped by someone posing as a policeman. This was the debut movie for Kartika Rane in Marathi film Industry.

Sanjay Surkar
Sanjay Surkar (19 August 1959 – 27 September 2012) was a Marathi film director. He won three National Film Awards for the films Rao Saheb (1996), Tu Tithe Mee (1998) and Gharabaher (1999) in Best Feature Film in Marathi category. Along with films, Surkar had also worked in television and theatre.
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein angiography. Since IRMA blood vessels are patent, unlike neovascular vessels, they do not leak, and therefore exhibit hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography.

IRMA is deeper in the retina than neovascularization, has blurrier edges, is more of a burgundy than a red, does not appear on the optic disc, and is usually seen after a shorter period of poorly controlled diabetes than neovascularization.

Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the leading causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people living with diabetes.

Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who have had both type 1 and type 2 diabetes for 20 years or more. In at least 90% of new cases, progression to more aggressive forms of sight-threatening retinopathy and maculopathy could be reduced with proper treatment and monitoring of the eyes. The longer a person has diabetes, the higher their chances of developing diabetic retinopathy. Each year in the United States, diabetic retinopathy accounts for 12% of all new cases of blindness. It is also the leading cause of blindness in people aged 20 to 64.
Tyner Rushing
Tyner Rushing is an American actress known for her role portraying Emma Smith in FX on Hulu's Under the Banner of Heaven. Other notable roles include Liz Riley in The Terminal List  and Virginia Creel in Stranger Things. Rushing joined the main cast of For All Mankind in its fourth season as the character Samantha Massey, a blue-collar space worker and aspiring astronaut. In 2025, she joined the cast of the HBO supernatural horror television series It: Welcome to Derry, Hulu’s Murdaugh: Death in the Family and Amazon Prime Video's It's Not Like That.

Murdaugh: Death in the Family
Murdaugh: Death in the Family is a true crime drama television miniseries created by Michael D. Fuller and Erin Lee Carr for Hulu. It stars Jason Clarke, Patricia Arquette, J. Smith-Cameron, Johnny Berchtold, and Brittany Snow. The series is based on the Murdaugh Murders Podcast by Mandy Matney, who investigated and blogged about the unfolding case of Alex Murdaugh, who was accused of the murders of his wife, Maggie, and their son, Paul, on June 7, 2021; she is played by Brittany Snow in the series. The series depicts the events leading up to the double murder.

Murdaugh: Death in the Family premiered on Hulu on October 15, 2025. The series received generally positive reviews from critics. While critics praised the performances, some were divided on its storytelling and tone.
Hooray for Diffendoofer Day!
Children's literature portal

Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! is a children's book credited to Dr. Seuss "with some help from Jack Prelutsky and Lane Smith". The book is based on verses and sketches created by Seuss before his death in 1991, and was expanded to book length and completed by poet Prelutsky and illustrator Smith for publication in 1998.

Lane Smith (illustrator)
Lane Smith (born August 25, 1959) is an American illustrator and writer of children's books. He is the Kate Greenaway medalist (2017) known for his eclectic visuals and subject matter, both humorous and earnest, such as the contemplative Grandpa Green, which received a Caldecott Honor in 2012, and the outlandish Stinky Cheese Man, which received a Caldecott Honor in 1992.
Taftanaz Air Base
Taftanaz Air Base is an airbase located 1.7 miles (2.7 km) south of Taftanaz, Idlib Governorate and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east of Ta'um, Idlib Governorate, Syria.

Taftanaz was home to two squadrons of Mil-8/17 Hip helicopters until its capture by the Syrian Opposition.

Led by fighters from the Al-Nusra Front and an Ahrar al-Sham battalion, Syrian rebels overran Taftanaz during the second week of January 2013.

On 6 February 2020, the Turkish Armed Forces constructed a military installation on the premises of the airbase, as Ba'athist Syrian forces advanced toward it during the 2020 Northwestern Syria offensive. It was targeted with airstrikes by the Syrian Air Force just hours after being constructed.

On 2 March 2020, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported a Syrian Government attack on Taftanaz Airbase leaving one Turkish soldier dead and three wounded.

Taftanaz
Taftanaz (Arabic: تَفْتَنَاز, romanized: Taftanāz, also spelled Teftanaz) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located 17 kilometers northeast of Idlib. Nearby localities include Ta'um and Binnish to the southwest, Maarrat Misrin to the west, Zardana to the northwest, Maarrat al-Ikhwan to the northeast and Bawabiyah to the east. Taftanaz is a primarily agricultural town and consists of concrete buildings. It is surrounded by wheat fields.

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Taftanaz had a population of 8,540 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative center of the Taftanaz nahiyah which consists of five villages with a combined population of 24,145. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
Will Ferdy
Werner Ferdinande (9 March 1927 – 8 November 2022), known as Will Ferdy,  was a Belgian singer. He became known for the songs Christine, Belijdenis, De stervende, Ziede gij me gere, and  Het Schrijverke, which is a song, based on the poet Het Schrijverke with the same name, by Guido Gezelle. He was a figurehead within the gay community, because he was the first Flemish singer to come out. He received the Gay Krant award in 2006.
Earlier in his career, Ferdy was also active as a comedian.

Ferdy suffered from Parkinson's disease. He died in Antwerp on 8 November 2022, at the age of 95.

Gay Krant
Gay Krant was a Dutch magazine written for the gay community, published every month since 1980. It was published by the Best Publishing Group under leadership of Henk Krol.  The magazine has its headquarters in Amsterdam.

After a bankruptcy in 2013, the magazine was taken over by the companies behind the other gay media Winq, Gay.nl and OUTTV. The Gay Krant then first appeared as a combined edition with homoglossy Winq under the name Winq | Gaykrant, but eventually the indication Gaykrant disappeared and nowadays the magazine is simply called Winq.

Since August 2017, Gaykrant has been re-launched (online only) and is part of the Gaykrant Foundation. The aim is to make all old editions available online.
Freital-Hainsberg station
Freital-Hainsberg station is a station on the Dresden–Werdau railway in the district of Hainsberg of the municipality of Freital in the German state of Saxony. The Weißeritz Valley Railway branches off to Kipsdorf from the station. Since 31 May 1992, the station has been served by the Dresden S-Bahn.

Weisseritz Valley Railway
The Weißeritz Valley Railway (German: Weißeritztalbahn) is a steam operated narrow gauge railway in Saxony, Germany. The line connects Freital, near Dresden, with the spa of Kipsdorf in the Ore Mountains, and follows the valley of the Red Weißeritz.

The line was the second Saxon narrow gauge railway to be built,  and is also considered to be the oldest public narrow gauge railway in Germany still in operation.

Since 14 September 2004, the line has been operated by Saxon Steam Railway Company (formerly the BVO Bahn), a company that also operates the Fichtelberg Railway and Lößnitzgrund Railway.
Pontifical Commission for Latin America
The Pontifical Commission for Latin America is a department of the Roman Curia that since 1958 has been charged with providing assistance to and examining matters pertaining to the Catholic Church in Latin America. The Commission operates under the auspices of the Dicastery for Bishops (formerly the Congregation for Bishops and before that the Sacred Consistorial Congregation) and for most of its history the prefect of that body has been president of the Commission.

Robert Francis Prevost was president of the Commission from April 12, 2023, until his election as Pope Leo XIV on May 8, 2025. There are two secretaries, both laypersons: Rodrigo Guerra López and Emilce Cuda, appointed in July 2021 and February 2022, respectively. When appointed, Guerra was the only layperson with the rank of secretary in the Curia; the only layman with a higher rank was Paolo Ruffini, prefect of the Dicastery for Communications. Cuda became one of the few women in senior positions in the Curia.

Filippo Iannone
Filippo Iannone O.Carm. (born 13 December 1957) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who has been prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops since 15 October 2025. He was prefect Dicastery for Legislative Texts from 2022 to 2025. He has been a bishop since 2001 and an archbishop since 2012. He is a member of the Carmelites.
David Dows
David Dows III (August 12, 1885 – August 13, 1966) was an American politician from New York who served in South Carolina Republican politics. He served as Chair of the South Carolina Republican Party from 1956 to 1958.

South Carolina Republican Party
The South Carolina Republican Party (SCGOP) is the state affiliate of the national Republican Party in South Carolina. It is one of two major political parties in the state, along with the South Carolina Democratic Party, and is the dominant party. Incumbent governor Henry McMaster, as well as senators Tim Scott and Lindsey Graham, are members of the Republican party. Graham has served since January 3, 2003, having been elected in 2002 and re-elected in 2008, 2014, and 2020; Tim Scott was appointed in 2013 by then-governor Nikki Haley, who is also a Republican.

Since 2003, every governor of South Carolina has been a Republican. Additionally, Republicans hold a super-majority in both chambers of the South Carolina General Assembly. In 2020, District 1, which was represented by Democrat Joe Cunningham, was won by Republican Nancy Mace; the party now represents six out of seven of the state's congressional districts.
Inambari River
The Inambari River in southeastern Peru flows 210 miles (340 km) from the Cordillera Apolobamba in the Andes to the Madre de Dios River. The river spans the Puno and Madre de Dios regions.

Tributaries of the Inambari include the rivers Yanaqucha, Pukaramayu, Mancuari, Wila Uma, Blanco, San Bartolome, Yawarmayu and Winchusmayu. The Inambari passes through the towns of Cuyocuyo, Sandia and Massiapo, Pacaysuizo, Isilluma and St. Helena.

Department of Madre de Dios
Madre de Dios (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaðɾe ðe ˈðjos] ⓘ, English: Mother of God) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it borders Brazil, Bolivia and the Peruvian departments of Puno, Cusco and Ucayali, in the Amazon Basin. It is also the third largest department in Peru, after Ucayali and Loreto. However, it is also the least densely populated department in Peru, as well as its least populous department. It has one of the lowest poverty rates in Peru. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puerto Maldonado.
Tamaryn
Tamaryn Sitha Brown is a New Zealand songwriter and singer based in Los Angeles. Since 2008, Tamaryn has released four studio albums, an EP and several singles. Her multifaceted style melds various genres such as dream pop, shoegaze, post-punk, gothic rock, synth-pop and electronic.

Mexican Summer
Mexican Summer is an independent record label founded in 2009 by Keith Abrahamsson and Andres Santo Domingo. Based in Brooklyn, the label has released recordings from artists including Best Coast, Kurt Vile, Ariel Pink, Allah-Las, Weyes Blood, Connan Mockasin, Jessica Pratt, and Cate Le Bon. The label is named after the song "Mexican Summer" by Marissa Nadler.

In 2013, T: The New York Times Style Magazine described the label as "a bastion for experimental pop, not to mention a model for successful music publishing in the 21st century."
Erysichthon (son of Cecrops)
In Greek mythology, Erysichthon  (/ˌɛrɪˈsɪkθɒn/, Ancient Greek: Ἐρυσίχθων), also spelled Erisichthon (lit. 'Earth-tearer'), was an Athenian prince as the son of King Cecrops I of Athens and Agraulus, daughter of King Actaeus. His possible sibling were Aglaurus, Herse and Pandorus. Erysicthon died childless during his father's reign.

Cecrops I
Cecrops (/ˈsiːkrɒps/; Ancient Greek: Κέκροψ, romanized: Kekrops; gen Κέκροπος, Kékropos) was a legendary king of Attica which derived from him its name Cecropia, according to the Parian Chronicle having previously borne the name of Acte or Actice (from Actaeus). He was the founder and the first king of Athens itself though preceded in the region by the earth-born king Actaeus of Attica. Cecrops was a culture hero, teaching the Athenians marriage, reading and writing, and ceremonial burial.
River Till SSSI, Wiltshire
The River Till SSSI (grid reference SU051452) is a 32.07 hectares (79.2 acres) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, England, notified in 2000.

The notification applies to the whole length of the River Till, from its source near Orcheston (on Salisbury Plain between Tilshead and Shrewton) to its confluence with the River Wylye. It is significant because its vegetation includes water crowfoot, which provides habitat for fish and snails.

Shrewton
Shrewton is a village and civil parish on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England, around 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Amesbury and 14 miles (23 km) north of Salisbury. It lies on the A360 road between Stonehenge and Tilshead. It is close to the source of the River Till, which flows south to Stapleford.
Tek Chand Sharma (Delhi politician)
Pt.Tek Chand Sharma is a former member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from Indian National Congress, who has represented the Saket Constituency twice, in 1993 and 1998.

In the 1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election, Sharma contested on an Indian National Congress ticket against Vijay Jolly of the BJP in the Saket Constituency and won the election.

Vijay Jolly
Vijay Jolly (born 24 July 1960) is an India politician of the state of Delhi belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

He is currently the All India Incharge & Prabhari of Tripura State, BJP and All India Incharge & Ex. Convenor of Foreign Cell, BJP.

He is also a Member of the National Executive Committee of the BJP. Mr. Jolly was also a (former) MLA of the Member of the Legislative Assembly (India) (Delhi Legislative Assembly (2003–2008) from Saket constituency of New Delhi.
Sadeness (Part I)
"Sadeness (Part I)" is a song by German musical project Enigma, released in October 1990 by Virgin Records as the lead single from their first album, MCMXC a.D. (1990). It was written by Michael Cretu, Fabrice Cuitad and Frank Peterson, and produced by the latter. The song features French lyrics whispered by Cretu's then-wife, Sandra and became an international hit, reaching number one in 14 countries. In the United States, it peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on both the Dance Club Play and 12-inch Singles Sales charts. Its accompanying music video was directed by Michel Guimbard, featuring a scribe dreaming of wandering into The Gates of Hell. A sequel to the song, "Sadeness (Part II)" featuring Anggun, was released on Enigma's eighth studio album, The Fall of a Rebel Angel (2016).

The Fall of a Rebel Angel
The Fall of a Rebel Angel is the eighth studio album by the German musical project Enigma, released on 11 November 2016 by Republic Records. The first studio album since Seven Lives Many Faces (2008), it is a concept album that tells the story of a protagonist's journey of development and change to find a new, fulfilling life. The album was developed by Enigma's founder, producer, and principal composer, Michael Cretu and German lyricist and librettist Michael Kunze. Its artwork was designed by Wolfgang Beltracchi. It is the first Enigma album recorded for Universal Music after the former’s purchase of the majority of EMI’s assets.
The Spy in the Green Hat
The Spy in the Green Hat is a 1967 feature-length film version of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.'s third season two-part episode "The Concrete Overcoat Affair". The episodes were originally broadcast in the United States on November 25, 1966 and December 2, 1966 on NBC. The film was directed by Joseph Sargent and written by Peter Allan Fields with the story by David Victor. Robert Vaughn and David McCallum star in the film as they did in the television series, supported by co-stars Jack Palance and Janet Leigh. It is the fifth such feature film composed of a reedited version of one or more episodes from the series.

Catfight
Catfight (also girl fight) is a term for an altercation between two women, often characterized as involving scratching, shoving, slapping, choking, punching, kicking, wrestling, biting, spitting, hair-pulling, and shirt-shredding. It can also be used to describe women insulting each other verbally or engaged in an intense competition for men, power, or occupational success. The catfight has been a staple of American news media and popular culture since the 1940s, and use of the term is often considered derogatory or belittling. Some observers argue that in its purest form, the word refers to two women, one blonde and the other a brunette, fighting each other. However, the term is not exclusively used to indicate a fight between women, and many formal definitions do not invoke gender.
Islington railway station
Islington railway station is located on the Gawler line. Situated in the inner northern Adelaide suburb of Prospect adjacent to Regency Road, it is 6.0 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the Adelaide railway station.

Prospect, South Australia
Prospect is the seat of the City of Prospect and an inner northern suburb of greater Adelaide, South Australia. It is located 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Adelaide's centre.

Surrounding suburbs include Kilburn, Fitzroy, Medindie and Devon Park. The suburb has boundaries of Main North Road to the east; Carter Street, Audley Avenue and Avenue Road to the south; The Gawler railway line to the west, and a line 400m north of Regency Road (Livingstone Avenue, Angwin Avenue and Henrietta Street) to the north.

Prospect comprises a large majority of the land area (about five-sevenths, or 71%) of the City of Prospect council area.
Martti Haavio
Martti Henrikki Haavio (22 January 1899 –  4 February 1973) was a Finnish poet, folklorist and mythologist, writing poetry under the pen name P. Mustapää. He was born on 22 January 1899 in Temmes, and died on 4 February 1973 in Helsinki. He was also a professor of folklore and an influential researcher of Finnish mythology. In 1960, Haavio married Aale Tynni, after his first wife Elsa Enäjärvi-Haavio died in 1951 of cancer. His daughter, Elina Haavio-Mannila, was a social scientist. During Haavio's early career, he was a member of the Tulenkantajat literature club.

He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.

Elina Haavio-Mannila
Elina Haavio-Mannila (3 August 1933 – 25 September 2025) was a Finnish social scientist and Professor Emerita of Sociology at the University of Helsinki, where she served as the Docent of Sociology (1965–1971), Assistant Professor (1971–1992), and Professor (1992–1998). She was known for researching gender roles and gender in Finnish life. Much of the research in the latter field was done together with Osmo Kontula. In 1958, she became the first woman in Finland to earn the Doctor in Social Sciences degree.