hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daily Guardian (Sydney)
The Daily Guardian was an Australian daily newspaper published in Sydney from July 1923 to 1931. It was owned by Smith's Newspapers Limited, a holding company controlled by James Joynton Smith and better known as the publisher of Smith's Weekly. It was known for publicity stunts, including offering its subscribers free insurance and sponsoring the first Miss Australia pageant. It ceased publication on 15 February 1931 as a result of the Great Depression.

The paper's editors and employees included Claude McKay, Robert Clyde Packer, Frank Packer, Voltaire Molesworth. and Colin Simpson

The first Sunday Guardian, with an issue date of 29 September, appeared on the evening of Saturday 28 September 1929, in competition with the Sunday Sun and Sunday Telegraph, all largely devoted to sports results. Intense (and expensive to all concerned) competition ensued.
It ceased publication with its parent publications, all having been absorbed by Associated Newspapers Ltd.

Frank Packer
Sir Douglas Frank Hewson Packer KBE, OStJ (3 December 1906 – 1 May 1974), was an Australian media proprietor who controlled Australian Consolidated Press and the Nine Network. He was a patriarch of the Packer family.
Kaiyum Thlayum Purathidaruthe
Kaiyum Thalayum Purathidaruthe is a 1985 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. Sreekumar. The film stars Mukesh, Devan, Sabitha Anand and Sukumari in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Raveendran. The film based on famous drama of K.P.A.C written by Thoppil Bhasi as same title

Sabitha Anand
Sabitha Anand is an Indian actress who has performed in Tamil and Malayalam movies and serials. She was one of the lead actresses in the 1980s. She is the daughter of J. A. R. Anand, an Indian actor in Malayalam movies during the 1960s and 70s.
Ryutin affair
The Ryutin affair was an attempt led by Martemyan Ryutin to remove Joseph Stalin as General Secretary of the All-Union Communist Party (b) (CPSU) in 1932.

Ryutin wrote two publications that were highly critical of Stalin, his authoritarianism, and his first five-year plan. Ryutin established a Right Opposition faction within the CPSU known as the Union of Marxist-Leninists which opposed Stalin's rule and Stalinism in favour of a moderate form of Leninism. Ryutin and his supporters were defeated by a hardline Stalinist faction in the Central Control Commission, arrested by the OGPU as counterrevolutionaries, and later executed in the Great Purge.

Ryutin's movement was one of the last attempts to oppose Stalin from within the CPSU and marked a general decline of the Right Opposition.

Right Opposition
The Right Opposition (Russian: Правая оппозиция, romanized: Pravaya oppozitsiya) or Right Tendency (Правый уклон, Praviy uklon) in the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was a label formulated by Joseph Stalin in Autumn of 1928 for the opposition against certain measures included within the first five-year plan, an opposition which was led by Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov, Mikhail Tomsky, and their supporters within the Soviet Union that did not follow the so-called "general line of the party". It is also the name given to "right-wing" critics within the Communist movement internationally, particularly those who coalesced in the International Communist Opposition, regardless of whether they identified with Bukharin and Rykov.
Clara Maniu
Clara Maniu (born Clara Coroianu; 10 January 1842 – 29 July 1929) was a Romanian feminist and suffragist. She was the president of the Romanian women's movement organisation Reuniunea Femeilor Române Sălăjene (R.F.R.S) from 1881 to 1897.

She was born in 1842 in Nagyderzsida, Kingdom of Hungary (now Bobota, in Sălaj County, Romania). Her father, Demetriu Coroianu, was a Greek-Catholic priest, while her mother, Iuliana Pop, was the  granddaughter of protopope Grigorie Pop from Craidorolț.

She married Ioan Maniu in 1865, and among their five children was Iuliu Maniu.  She died in 1929 in Bădăcin, a village in Pericei commune, Sălaj County.

Bobota, Sălaj
Bobota (Hungarian: Nagyderzsida) is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Bobota, Derșida (Kisderzsida), and Zalnoc (Zálnok).

The commune is located in the northwestern part of Sălaj County, 23 km (14 mi) from Șimleu Silvaniei and 35 km (22 mi) from the county seat, Zalău, on the border with Satu Mare County.
Toke Atoll
Toke Atoll or Taka Atoll (Marshallese: Tōkā, [tˠʌɡæ]) is a small, uninhabited coral atoll in the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. It is one of the smaller atolls in the Marshalls and located at 11°17′N 169°37′E﻿ / ﻿11.283°N 169.617°E﻿ / 11.283; 169.617. It is visited regularly by the residents of nearby Utirik Atoll.

Marshallese language
Marshallese (Marshallese: Kajin Ṃajeḷ or Kajin Majōl [kɑzʲinʲ(i)mˠɑːzʲɛlˠ]), also known as Ebon, is a Micronesian language spoken in the Marshall Islands. The language of the Marshallese people, it is spoken by nearly all of the country's population of 59,000, making it the principal language. There are also roughly 27,000 Marshallese citizens residing in the United States, nearly all of whom speak Marshallese, as well as residents in other countries such as Nauru and Kiribati.

There are two major dialects, the western Rālik and the eastern Ratak.
Kerry H. Cook
Kerry Harrison Cook is an American climate scientist who is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin. Her research focuses on the analysis of climate variability and change in the tropics using observational analysis and high-resolution numerical modeling. Specialties include the climate of Africa and the dynamics of intense tropical rainfall. She was elected Fellow of the American Meteorological Society in 2009 and was awarded the Joanne Simpson Tropical Meteorology Research Award in 2021. She is the Chair of the American Meteorological Society's Climate Variability and Change Committee.

Joanne Simpson
Joanne Simpson (formerly Joanne Malkus, born Joanne Gerould; March 23, 1923 – March 4, 2010) was the first woman in the United States to receive a Ph.D. in meteorology, which she received in 1949 from the University of Chicago. Simpson received both her undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of Chicago, and did post-doctoral work at Dartmouth College. She was a member of the National Academy of Engineering, and taught and researched meteorology at numerous universities as well as the federal government. Simpson contributed to many areas of the atmospheric sciences, particularly in the field of tropical meteorology. She has researched hot towers, hurricanes, the trade winds, air-sea interactions, and helped develop the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM).
5 Card Stud
5 Card Stud is a 1968 American Western mystery film, directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Dean Martin and Robert Mitchum. The script is based on a novel by Ray Gaulden and was written by Marguerite Roberts, who also wrote the screenplay of True Grit for Hathaway the following year.

Henry Hathaway
Henry Hathaway (born Henri Léopold de Fiennes; March 13, 1898 – February 11, 1985) was an American film director and producer, whose career spanned from the 1930s through the 1970s. He was best known as a director of Western, adventure, and noir films, especially starring John Wayne, Gary Cooper, Randolph Scott, and Gregory Peck. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935), starring Cooper.

According to the BFI, Hathaway "epitomised what’s known as the ‘journeyman’ director."
Kurakuenguchi Station
Kurakuenguchi Station (苦楽園口駅, Kurakuenguchi-eki; station number: HK-29)  is a passenger railway station  located in the city of   Nishinomiya Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Hankyu Railway.

Nishinomiya
Nishinomiya (西宮市, Nishinomiya-shi) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2022, the city had an estimated population of 484,368 in 218,948 households and a population density of 4,800 persons per km². The total area of the city is 99.98 square kilometres (38.60 sq mi). Nishinomiya is an important commercial and shipping city in the Kansai region with the third largest population in Hyōgo Prefecture. Nishinomiya is best known as the home of Koshien Stadium, where the Hanshin Tigers baseball team plays home games and where Japan's annual high school baseball championship is held.
San Gil
San Gil is a town and municipality in the Department of Santander in northeastern Colombia, located roughly 300 km (192 mi) from Bogotá and 95 km from the department's capital, Bucaramanga. As of 2020, San Gil had a population of 51,874 within the urban area, making it the third largest urban area in the department, after Bucaramanga and Barrancabermeja. Founded in 1689, San Gil is over 300 years old. It was officially named the tourist capital of the region in 2004, thanks to its outdoor activity opportunities such as rafting, caving, kayaking and hiking.

Santander Department
Santander (Spanish pronunciation: [santanˈdeɾ]) is a department of Colombia. Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia. It is located in the central northern part of the country, borders the Magdalena River to the east, Boyacá to the south and southeast, the Norte de Santander Department to the northeast, the Cesar Department to the north, the Bolivar and Antioquia Departments to the west. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga.
Teofilo Folengo
Teofilo Folengo OSB (Italian pronunciation: [teˌɔːfilo foˈleŋɡo]; 8 November 1491 – 9 December 1544), who wrote under the pseudonym of Merlino Coccajo or Merlinus Cocaius in Latin, was one of the principal Italian macaronic poets.

Macaronic language
Macaronic language is any expression using a mixture of languages, particularly bilingual puns or situations in which the languages are otherwise used in the same context (rather than simply discrete segments of a text being in different languages). Hybrid words are effectively "internally macaronic". In spoken language, code-switching is using more than one language or dialect within the same conversation.

Macaronic Latin in particular is a jumbled jargon made up of vernacular words given Latin endings or of Latin words mixed with the vernacular in a pastiche (compare dog Latin).

The word macaronic comes from the Neo-Latin macaronicus, which is from the Italian maccarone, or "dumpling", regarded as coarse peasant fare. It is generally derogatory and used when the mixing of languages has a humorous or satirical intent or effect but is sometimes applied to more serious mixed-language literature.
Myyrmanni bombing
The Myyrmanni bombing took place on October 11, 2002, in Myyrmäki, Vantaa, Finland, in Greater Helsinki, at the Myyrmanni shopping mall. A bomb  hidden in a backpack exploded in the center of a shopping center killing seven people including the bomber. The blast left a 10-cm deep crater in the floor and blew out the glass dome of the mall. The dead included seven two teenagers and a seven-year-old. 159 people were injured, including 10 children. 66 victims required hospitalization while  the remainder were treated and released at the scene. The bombing took place during the pre-weekend shopping surge late on a Friday afternoon, with 1,000–2,000 people in the shopping center, including many children who had come to see a clown performance.

Myyrmanni
Myyrmanni is a shopping center in the Myyrmäki suburb of Vantaa, Finland. The center was built in the early 1990s and has over 90 stores and 1,100 parking spaces. The main tenants of the shopping center include K-Citymarket, Prisma, Tokmanni, Clas Ohlson, Jysk, Lindex, Alko and Burger King.

From the center of Helsinki, Myyrmanni is best reached by bus route 300 or P-train to Myyrmäki Station, located next to the mall.
Georg von Blumenthal
Georg von Blumenthal (1490 – 25 September 1550) was a German Prince-Bishop of Ratzeburg and Bishop of Lebus. He also served as a Privy Councillor of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and Chancellor of the University of Frankfurt (Oder), commonly called the Viadrina.

Fürstenwalde
Fürstenwalde/Spree (German pronunciation: [ˈfʏʁstn̩ˌvaldə] ⓘ; Lower Sorbian: Pśibor pśi Sprjewje [ˈpɕibɔr ˈpɕi sprʲɛwʲɛ]) is the most populous town in the Oder-Spree District of Brandenburg, in eastern Germany.
Diploschistes scruposus
Diploschistes scruposus (crater lichen) is a pale gray to white, warty to cracked (areolate) crustose lichen with black, urn-shaped (urceolate) fruiting bodies (apothecia). It is found worldwide on growing on rock (saxicolous) that is siliceous, in open areas in Mediterranean, temperate and polar areas, from the low tropics to high altitudes.: 265  It is in the family Graphidaceae. In California, it is the most common member of the Diploschistes genus. It is not covered in a powdery white coating (epruinose), which distinguishes it from other members of the genus.

Diploschistes
Diploschistes is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. Commonly known as crater lichens, members of the genus are crustose lichens with a thick, cracked (areolate) body (thallus) with worldwide distribution.: 264  The fruiting part (apothecia) are immersed in the thick thallus so as to have the appearance of being small "craters".: 264  The widespread genus contains about 43 species.
Shoufeng railway station
Shoufeng (traditional Chinese: 壽豐車站; simplified Chinese: 寿丰车站; pinyin: Shòufēng Chēzhàn) is a railway station on Taiwan Railway Hualien–Taitung line located in Shoufeng Township, Hualien County, Taiwan.

Shoufeng
Shoufeng Township is a rural Township in Hualien County, Taiwan. The township sits in the north segment of East Rift Valley between Taiwan's Central Range and Coastal Mountain Range near the Pacific Ocean. The Township is best known as home to National Dong Hwa University (NDHU), a national research university and famous tourist attraction in Eastern Taiwan, where is Taiwan's representative university town.
Elfrieda Knaak
Elfrieda Grace Knaak  was an American schoolteacher whose death caused a media sensation.

Knaak was born September 21, 1898, in Deerfield, Illinois to Theodore Ludwig Knaak and her mother Elise Knaak (née Becker). Both her parents were born in Germany and immigrated to the United States; they married in Illinois in 1873. Elfrieda was the youngest of nine siblings: brothers Theodore, Edward, Otto, Alvin, and Rudolph, and sisters Emilie, Ida, and Amanda. Elfrieda attended Deerfield-Shields high school, completed the college course at Michigan's state normal school, and studied further at the University of Illinois for one year and the University of Chicago for two years. She worked as a schoolteacher and a Sunday School teacher in Deerfield and Waukegan, and a sales agent for Chicago's Compton Book Company's encyclopedias. She was a member and officer of her chapter of the Masonic Order of the Eastern Star. Her mysterious and gruesome burning death in 1928 became a news sensation.

Deerfield, Illinois
Deerfield is a village in Lake and Cook counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. A northern suburb of Chicago, Deerfield is located on the North Shore, about 28 miles (45 km) north of downtown Chicago. The population was 19,196 at the 2020 census.

Deerfield is home to the headquarters of Walgreens Boots Alliance, Baxter Healthcare, and Fortune Brands Home & Security. Deerfield is often listed among the wealthiest and highest-earning places in Illinois and the Midwest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the median household income in Deerfield was $185,762 in 2022.
Junior Ryder Cup
The Junior Ryder Cup is a team golf competition between Europe and the United States for junior golfers aged 18 and under. It is based on the men's Ryder Cup and is run by the same organisations, the PGA of America and Ryder Cup Europe.

The 2018 event took place at Golf Disneyland, Marne-la-Vallée, Paris, France on Monday 24 and Tuesday 25 September. The United States won 121⁄2–111⁄2, their sixth successive victory in the event.

After postponement and then cancellation of the 2020 event due to COVID-19 pandemic, it was next held in 2023 at Golf Nazionale and Marco Simone Golf and Country Club in Italy from September 26–28.

Linnea Ström
Linnea Ström (born 14 October 1996) is a Swedish professional golfer. She joined the U.S.-based LPGA Tour after graduating from the Symetra Tour as 2018 Rookie of the Year. She was solo second at the 2022 Madrid Ladies Open and 2023 Walmart NW Arkansas Championship before winning the 2024 ShopRite LPGA Classic.
Saint-Martin-Sepert
Saint-Martin-Sepert (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃ səpɛʁ]; Limousin: Sent Martin Set Pers) is a former commune in the Corrèze department in central France. It was merged with Saint-Pardoux-Corbier and Saint-Ybard to form Les Trois-Saints on 1 January 2025.

Les Trois-Saints
Les Trois-Saints (pronounced [le tʁwɑ sɛ̃], lit. 'The Three Saints'; Occitan: Lo Tres Sants) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France. It was formed on 1 January 2025, with the merger of Saint-Martin-Sepert, Saint-Pardoux-Corbier and Saint-Ybard.
Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site
The Bontnewydd palaeolithic site (Welsh: [bɔntˈnɛuɨ̯ð]), also known in its unmutated form as Pontnewydd (Welsh for 'new bridge'), is an archaeological site near St Asaph, Denbighshire, Wales. It is one of only three sites in Britain to have produced fossils of ancient species of humans (together with Boxgrove and Swanscombe) and the only one with fossils of a classic Neanderthal. It is located a few yards east of the River Elwy, near the hamlet of Bontnewydd, near Cefn Meiriadog, Denbighshire.

St Asaph
St Asaph (/ˈæsəf/; Welsh: Llanelwy [ɬanˈɛlʊɨ̯] "church on the Elwy") is a cathedral city and community on the River Elwy in Denbighshire, Wales. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 3,485, making it the second-smallest city in the United Kingdom in terms of population. It was historically in Flintshire.

The city of St Asaph is surrounded by countryside and views of the Vale of Clwyd. It is situated close to a number of towns including Denbigh, Rhuddlan, Rhyl, Holywell and Abergele.
3SL
3SL was a Welsh pop group made up of brothers Steve, Anthony "Ant", and Andy Scott-Lee. Originally from Rhyl in North Wales, they were managed by their elder sister Lisa, a member of the pop group Steps. The group's first single, "Take It Easy", reached No. 11 on the UK Singles Chart in April 2002. Their follow-up single was a cover of Case's "Touch Me, Tease Me", which was more successful than the original version, reaching number 16, but was less successful than "Take It Easy", and the band was subsequently dropped by their record label, Sony, leaving their only album project unreleased. The group later toured the country with S Club 7 as part of their S Club Carnival tour, and band member Andy Scott-Lee later appeared on the second series of the ITV talent show Pop Idol, placing seventh.

Lisa Scott-Lee
Lisa Scott-Lee (born 5 November 1975) is a Welsh singer from St Asaph, Wales. She is a member of the pop group Steps, formed in 1997.  Scott-Lee signed a record deal with Mercury Records and launched a solo career in 2003, achieving only minor success after the release of debut single "Lately". She was dropped after her second solo single. She released her debut solo album Never or Now in 2007 through Concept Records.
Werner Stauffacher
Werner Stauffacher was supposedly the name of the representative of the canton of Schwyz, one of the three founding cantons at the legendary Rütlischwur of 1291, as told by Aegidius Tschudi.

Many members of the Stauffacher family held the office of Landammann of Schwyz during the 13th and 14th century, most notably among them a certain Werner Stauffacher, leader of the Confederate troops at the Battle of Morgarten. According to legend, his wife was Gertrud Stauffacher.

In Zürich, a tram stop (Stauffacher), a street, a bridge and a quai are named for Stauffacher. In December 2003, the city renamed a square from "Stauffacherplatz" to Ernst-Nobs-Platz, as it was confused with the tram stop. In other Swiss towns, there are "Stauffacherstrasse" (Arbon, Bätterkinden, Bern, Emmenbrücke, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen), "Via Stauffacher" (Lugano), "Im Stauffacher" (Bennau) or a "Stauffacherweg" (Lucerne, Solothurn, Zuchwil).

Stauffacher
47°22′25″N 8°31′45″E﻿ / ﻿47.3735°N 8.5292°E﻿ / 47.3735; 8.5292

Stauffacher is an important nodal station of the Zurich tram network. It is located in the Aussersihl district of the city of Zurich, Switzerland, next to the St. Jakob church. It is situated along the Badenerstrasse, between Bäckerstrasse and Stauffacherstrasse. The tram stop was named after the latter street, which itself had been named for Werner Stauffacher in 1893.

Stauffacher is officially just the name of the tram stop, not the square itself. There was formerly a Stauffacherplatz some 200 m (660 ft) further along the street towards the Sihl, named in 1898. Since the name of the tram stop induced common usage to associate Stauffacherplatz with the tram stop, leading to confusion with the actual Stauffacherplatz, the latter was renamed to Ernst-Nobs-Platz in 2003.

Stauffacher is served by tram lines 2, 3, 8, 9 and 14.
Crossroads Guitar Festival
The Crossroads Guitar Festival is a series of music festivals and benefit concerts founded by Eric Clapton. The festivals benefit the Crossroads Centre founded by Eric Clapton, a drug treatment center near St. Philip's, Antigua. The concerts showcase a variety of guitarists, selected by Eric Clapton personally. To the 2007 audience, Clapton declared that each performer was one of the very best, and had earned his personal respect.

The first concert was held on June 30, 1999, at Madison Square Garden in New York City, and there again in 2013. The 2004 concert was held at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, while the 2007 and 2010 festivals were held at Toyota Park, Bridgeview, Illinois, just outside Chicago. The festival returned to Dallas in 2019 at the American Airlines Center.

Robert Randolph and the Family Band
Robert Randolph and the Family Band is an American gospel band led by pedal steel guitarist Robert Randolph (Robert Jermaine Randolph, born August 8, 1977, Irvington, New Jersey). NPR has described the band as one with an "irresistible rock 'n' roll swagger". Rolling Stone included Randolph upon their list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. The band has released six studio albums and has been Grammy nominated five times, winning the 2026 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album  for the album Preachers Kids.
Polo cloth
Polo cloth was a trade name for a cloth by the Worumbo Manufacturing Company. It was a blended cloth made out of camel hair and wool. It was a loosely woven, soft, double faced twill weave construction that was primarily used for coats and overcoats. Polo cloth derives its name from the outdoor sport of polo.

Camel hair is made stronger by combining it with wool for spinning. Camel hair, tweed, and Polo cloth were among the most commonly used fabrics for overcoats.

Worumbo Mill
The Worumbo Mill was a historic mill on the bank of the Androscoggin River in Lisbon Falls, Maine.  Founded in 1864, it was at one point the community's largest employer.  Its main building, dating to its founding, was destroyed by fire in 1987.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and was delisted in 2017.