hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lituus (mathematics)
The lituus spiral (/ˈlɪtju.əs/) is a spiral in which the angle θ is inversely proportional to the square of the radius r.

This spiral, which has two branches depending on the sign of r, is asymptotic to the x axis. Its points of inflexion are at

The curve was named for the ancient Roman lituus by Roger Cotes in a collection of papers entitled Harmonia Mensurarum (1722), which was published six years after his death.

Roger Cotes
Roger Cotes FRS (10 July 1682 – 5 June 1716) was an English mathematician, known for working closely with Isaac Newton by proofreading the second edition of his famous book, the Principia, before publication. He also devised the quadrature formulas known as Newton–Cotes formulas, which originated from Newton's research, and made a geometric argument that can be interpreted as a logarithmic version of Euler's formula. He was the first Plumian Professor at Cambridge University from 1707 until his death.
2013 Montenegrin presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Montenegro on 7 April 2013. Incumbent President Filip Vujanović of the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) was challenged by independent candidate Miodrag Lekić, who was a common candidate endorsed by the opposition.

Filip Vujanović
Filip Vujanović (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Филип Вујановић, pronounced [fîlip ʋǔjanɔʋit͡ɕ]; born 1 September 1954) is a Montenegrin politician who served as the 3rd president of the Republic of Montenegro under Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006, and the 1st president of independent Montenegro from 2006 to 2018.
Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan
27°21′30″N 88°43′52″E﻿ / ﻿27.35833°N 88.73111°E﻿ / 27.35833; 88.73111

The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་གཞུང་དངུལ་ལས་དབང་འཛིན་) is the central bank of Bhutan and is a member of the Asian Clearing Union. It is also the minting authority for the Bhutanese Ngultrum. The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan was established under the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Act of 1982. Subsequently, the Act of 1982 was amended by the Financial Institutions Act of 1992 and replaced in its entirety by the Royal Monetary Authority Act of 2010.

Yeshey Zimba
Lyonpo Yeshey Zimba (Dzongkha: ཡེ་ཤེས་སྦྱིན་པ, Wylie: ye-shes sbyin-pa, 10 October 1950  – 9 September 2024) was a political figure from Bhutan. He was Prime Minister (Chairman of the Council of Ministers) of Bhutan two times: first from 2000 to 2001; then from 20 August 2004 to 5 September 2005. During this period, each minister took turns holding the chairmanship for one year.
José María Amador
José María Amador (1794 – 1883) was a Californio ranchero, gold miner, and soldier. Amador County and Amador City, both in California's Gold Country, are named after Amador, having found gold there in 1848. He is also the namesake of Amador Valley (home to the cities of Pleasanton and Dublin), a component of the Tri-Valley in Alameda County.

Amador County, California
Amador County (/ˈæmədɔːr/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,474. The county seat is Jackson. Amador County, located within California's Gold Country, is known as "The Heart of the Mother Lode." There is a substantial viticulture industry in the county.
Arago's rotations
Arago's rotations is an observable magnetic phenomenon that involves the interactions between a magnetized needle and a moving metal disk. The effect was discovered by François Arago in 1824. At the time of their discovery, Arago's rotations were surprising effects that were difficult to explain. In 1831, Michael Faraday introduced the theory of electromagnetic induction, which explained how the effects happen in detail.

François Arago
Dominique François Jean Arago (Catalan: Domènec Francesc Joan Aragó), known simply as François Arago (French: [fʁɑ̃swa aʁaɡo]; Catalan: Francesc Aragó, IPA: [fɾənˈsɛsk əɾəˈɣo]; 26 February 1786 – 2 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason, supporter of the Carbonari revolutionaries, and politician.
Eel River (Wabash River tributary)
The Eel River is a 94-mile-long (151 km) tributary of the Wabash River in northern Indiana in the United States. Via the Wabash and Ohio rivers, its waters flow to the Mississippi River and ultimately the Gulf of Mexico. The Eel River rises southeast of Huntertown in Allen County and flows southwest through Allen, Whitley, Kosciusko, Wabash, Miami, and Cass counties to join the Wabash at Logansport. The river was called Kineepikwameekwa Siipiiwi - "river of the snake fish" by the Miami people, who inhabited the area at the time of European contact, the English rendered it as Ke-na-po-co-mo-co. It is the northern of the two rivers named Eel River within Indiana.

Kosciusko County, Indiana
Kosciusko County (/ˌkɒziˈɒskoʊ/ KOZ-ee-OSS-koh) is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. At the 2020 United States census, its population was 80,240. The county seat (and only incorporated city) is Warsaw. The county was organized in 1836. It was named after the Polish general Tadeusz Kościuszko who served in the American Revolutionary War and then returned to Poland. The county seat is named after Warsaw, the capital of Poland.
The Late Show (British TV programme)
The Late Show (1989–1995) was a British television arts magazine programme that was broadcast on BBC2 weeknights at 11.15pm—directly after Newsnight—often referred to as the "graveyard slot" in terms of television scheduling.

Clive James
Clive James AO CBE FRSL (born Vivian Leopold James; 7 October 1939 – 24 November 2019) was an Australian critic, journalist, broadcaster, writer and lyricist who lived and worked in the United Kingdom from 1962 until his death in 2019. He began his career specialising in literary criticism before becoming television critic for The Observer in 1972, where he made his name for his wry, deadpan humour.

During this period, he earned an independent reputation as a poet and satirist. He achieved mainstream success in the UK first as a writer for television, and eventually as the lead in his own programmes, including ...on Television.
Katsuya Onizuka
Katsuya Onizuka (鬼塚 勝也, Onizuka Katsuya; born Takashi Onizuka; March 12, 1970) is a former WBA Super Flyweight champion from Kitakyushu, Japan. Onizuka was an extremely popular boxer in Japan, creating a boxing boom in Japan during the early 1990s along with Joichiro Tatsuyoshi.

Thanomsak Sithbaobay
Thanomsak Sithbaobay (Thai: ถนอมศักดิ์ ศิษย์โบ๊เบ๊; born: April 5, 1965, in Maha Sarakham province) is a retired Thai professional boxer who challenged the world champion three times but was not successful, like Chamroen Songkitrat in the 1950s. His other ring names, in order, were Thalerngsak Sithbaobay (เถลิงศักดิ์ ศิษย์โบ๊เบ๊), Khaoyai Mahasarakham (เขาใหญ่ มหาสารคาม), and Khaoyai Pitsanurachan (เขาใหญ่ พิษณุราชันย์).
Kenny Young
Kenny Young (born Shalom Giskan, April 14, 1941 – April 14, 2020) was an American songwriter, musician, producer and environmental campaigner who wrote and in some cases produced hit songs for The Drifters, Ronnie Dove, Herman's Hermits, Mark Lindsay, Reparata and the Delrons, Clodagh Rodgers, Quincy Jones, and Fox, among others. His most successful and famous songs as a writer include the Grammy Hall of Fame song "Under the Boardwalk" (co-written with Artie Resnick), and the Grammy Award winning song, "Ai No Corrida" (co-written with Chaz Jankel). From the late 1960s, he lived in the UK.

Ai No Corrida (song)
"Ai No Corrida" (lit. Bullfight of Love) is a song by the English singer and multi-instrumentalist Chaz Jankel, written by Jankel and Kenny Young. The title is based on the Japanese title of the erotic art film In the Realm of the Senses (1976). It was first recorded in 1980 and featured on Chaz Jankel's debut studio album Chas Jankel for A&M Records.

Quincy Jones's 1981 recording of the song was a top 30 hit in the United States, and won the Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals in 1982.
Tom Carlson
Tom Carlson (born December 9, 1941) is a politician in the U.S. state of Nebraska. He served in the Nebraska Legislature from 2007 to 2015. In 2014, he ran in the Nebraska gubernatorial election, but was defeated by Pete Ricketts in the Republican primary.

2014 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 2014 Nebraska gubernatorial election took place on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the 40th Governor of Nebraska. Republican Candidate and former COO of TD Ameritrade Pete Ricketts defeated Democratic candidate and former Regent of the University of Nebraska Chuck Hassebrook, receiving 57.2% of the vote to Hassebrook's 39.2% This was the first open seat election, and the first time a Democrat won a county for governor since 1998.
Christina Collard
Christina Collard (born 1988) is an Australian actress television presenter writer and model. She has starred in the film Dracula: The Impaler, has had a recurring characters in the HBO/Cinemax series The Girl's Guide to Depravity, TBS series The Detour as well as Kevin Hart's sketch comedy show. She has appeared in dozens of commercials both nationally and globally.

The Detour (TV series)
The Detour is an American sitcom that was created by Jason Jones and Samantha Bee about a family vacation road trip that quickly devolves out of control. It stars Jones himself, Natalie Zea, Ashley Gerasimovich, Liam Carroll, Daniella Pineda, Mary Grill, and Laura Benanti. The series aired on TBS from April 11, 2016, to August 20, 2019. The show was renewed for a second season on April 6, 2016, five days prior to the series premiere. The second season premiered on February 21, 2017. On April 25, 2017, TBS renewed the series for a third season.

On May 11, 2018, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on June 18, 2019. On September 4, 2019, TBS canceled the series after four seasons.
French Strother
[George] French Strother (1730— July 3, 1800) was an eighteenth-century planter, politician, lawyer and judge in Virginia, nicknamed "the Fearless" for his fiery rhetoric during debates in the American Revolutionary War.

Culpeper County, Virginia
Culpeper County is a United States county located in the north-central part of the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC–MD–VA–WV–PA Combined Statistical Area, and its population was 52,552 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is the town of Culpeper.

Culpeper County was created in 1749, and its first county surveyor was a young George Washington.  The county and its residents played notable roles in America's early wars, including raising the Culpeper Minutemen, a militia that fought in both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War.
Moonlight Nagara
The Moonlight Nagara (ムーンライトながら) was a seasonal rapid overnight train service operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), which ran from Tokyo to Ōgaki in Gifu Prefecture via the Tokaido Main Line. From 2009, the service had been offered approximately three weeks per year, corresponding to the spring, summer and year-end holiday seasons.

On 22 January 2021, JR East and JR Central announced the cessation of the Moonlight Nagara service, with no replacements offered at the time, due to increased popularity of highway buses and the ageing of trains operated on the line. Since the train service had not operated during the summer and winter of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this announcement caused 29 March 2020 to be the final run of the Nagara. As a result, this day also marked the complete cessation of "Moonlight"-branded services from Japan.

Ōgaki Station
Ōgaki Station (大垣駅, Ōgaki-eki) is a railway station in the city of Ōgaki, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, shared by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and the private railway operators Tarumi Railway and Yōrō Railway. The station is located 410.0 kilometers from the starting point of the Tōkaidō Main Line at Tokyo.
Dodo Soomro's Death
Dodo Soomro's Death (Sindhi: دودي سومري جو موت, romanized: Doday Soomray Jo Maut) is a poetic play based on classical sindhi ballad Dodo Chanesar written by Sindhi poet Shiekh Ayaz. Play was written in 1970 and it contains themes of heroism, nationalism and sufism.

Shaikh Ayaz
Shaikh Ayaz SI (Sindhi: شيخ اياز‎, Urdu: شیخ ایاز) born Mubarak Ali Shaikh (Sindhi: مبارڪ علي شيخ‎, Urdu: مبارک علی شیخ)  (March 1923 – 28 December 1997) was a Sindhi language poet, prose writer and former vice-chancellor of University of Sindh. He is counted as one of the prominent and great Sindhi poets of Pakistan in general and Sindh in particular. He authored more than 50 books on poetry, biographies, plays and short stories in both Sindhi and Urdu languages. His translations of Shah Jo Risalo, which was written by the 18th-century Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, from Sindhi to Urdu language established him as an authority in his domain.

He was awarded the Sitara-i-Imtiaz, Pakistan's third-highest civilian award, for his literary works and is regarded as a "revolutionary and romantic poet".

In 2018, a university, Shaikh Ayaz University, was established in Shikarpur, Sindh, and was named after him.
Aquia Creek sandstone
Aquia Creek sandstone is a brown to light-gray freestone used extensively in building construction in Washington, D.C. in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Quarried at Aquia Creek in Stafford County, Virginia, the stone was valuable for its ease of shaping and the quarry's proximity to the tidewater portion of the Potomac River, 45 miles (72 km) south of Washington.

The sandstone was the principal material used in such significant buildings as the White House and the early stages of the U.S. Capitol. The easy availability of the stone and its ability to be carved were offset in time by its susceptibility to weather-induced deterioration. Its best, most enduring uses were as interior decorative elements.

Freestone (masonry)
A freestone is a type of stone used in masonry for  molding, tracery and other  replication work required to be worked with the chisel. Freestone, so named because it can be freely cut in any direction, must be fine-grained, uniform and soft enough to be cut easily without shattering or splitting. Some sources, including numerous nineteenth-century dictionaries, say that the stone has no grain, but this is incorrect.  Oolitic stones are generally used, although in some countries soft sandstones are used; in some churches an indurated chalk called clunch is employed for internal lining and for  carving.

Some have believed that the word "freemason" originally referred, from the 14th century, to a person capable of carving freestone.
Quds Governorate
The Quds Governorate (Arabic: محافظة القدس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Quds), also known as Jerusalem Governorate, is one of the 16 governorates of Palestine and located in the central part of the West Bank. The current governor, appointed by the Palestinian National Authority, is Adnan Ghaith since 2018, who succeeded Adnan al-Husayni, appointed in 2008. The Governorate has two sub-districts: Jerusalem J1, which includes the localities within the territory controlled by the Israeli Jerusalem municipality (East Jerusalem), and Jerusalem J2, which includes the remaining parts of the Jerusalem Governorate. The district capital of the Governorate is East Jerusalem (al-Quds).

The total land area of the governorate is 344 km2. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 429,500 residents in 2005, accounting for 10.5% of Palestinians living in the Palestinian territories in 2022 population had risen to 482,854 as official Statistics.

Adnan al-Husayni
Adnan Ghaleb al-Husayni (Arabic: عدنان غالب الحسيني; born 1946) is a Palestinian politician, who was the Palestinian governor of Jerusalem and of the Quds Governorate between 2008 and 2018  when he was succeeded by Adnan Ghaith. He is also Waqf supervisor and a member of the Palestinian National Authority Higher Council of Tourism. He belongs to the al-Husayni family of Jerusalem, where he was born.
Alamblak languages
The Alamblak languages are a small family of two closely related languages,

Kaningra and Alamblak.

They are generally classified among the Sepik Hill languages of the Sepik family of northern Papua New Guinea.

Sepik languages
The Sepik or Sepik River languages are a family of some 50 Papuan languages spoken in the Sepik river basin of northern Papua New Guinea, proposed by Donald Laycock in 1965 in a somewhat more limited form than presented here. They tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones.

The best-studied Sepik language is Iatmul. The most populous are Iatmul's fellow Ndu languages Abelam and Boiken, with about 35,000 speakers each.

The Sepik languages, like their Ramu neighbors, appear to have three-vowel systems, /ɨ ə a/, that distinguish only vowel height in a vertical vowel system. Phonetic [i e o u] are a result of palatal and labial assimilation to adjacent consonants. It is suspected that the Ndu languages may reduce this to a two-vowel system, with /ɨ/ epenthetic (Foley 1986).
Moody Brook
51°41′08″S 57°55′24″W﻿ / ﻿51.685678°S 57.923451°W﻿ / -51.685678; -57.923451

Moody Brook is a small watercourse that flows into Stanley Harbour on East Falkland, Falkland Islands. It is near Stanley, just to the northwest, and was formerly the location of the town barracks, which were attacked in Operation Rosario, the 1982 Argentine Invasion of the Falkland Islands.

It is named after Governor Richard Moody.

Stanley, Falkland Islands
Stanley (also known as Port Stanley) is the capital city of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland, on a north-facing slope in one of the wettest parts of the islands. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 2,974. The entire population of the Falkland Islands was 3,662 on Census Day – 10 October 2021.

Stanley is represented by five of the eight elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands: Stacy Bragger, Barry Elsby, Mark Pollard, Roger Spink, and Leona Vidal Roberts. An elected Town Council of Stanley existed from 1948 to 1973.

On 14 June 2022, Stanley received letters patent, formally awarding it city status.
Phantom of the Paradise
Phantom of the Paradise is a 1974 American rock musical comedy horror film written and directed by Brian De Palma, and scored by and starring Paul Williams.

A naïve young singer-songwriter, Winslow Leach (William Finley), is tricked by legendary but unscrupulous music producer Swan (Williams) into sacrificing his life's work. In revenge, the songwriter dons a menacing new persona and proceeds to terrorize Swan's new concert hall, insisting his music be performed by his most adored singer, Phoenix (Jessica Harper).

The plot loosely adapts several classic works: the 16th-century Faust legend, Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray and Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel The Phantom of the Opera.

The film was a box-office failure and received mixed-to-negative reviews contemporaneously, while earning praise for its music and receiving Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations. However, over the years, the film has received much more positive reviews and has become a cult classic.

Gerrit Graham
Gerrit Graham (born November 27, 1949) is an American former stage, television, and film actor as well as a scriptwriter and songwriter. He is best known for his appearances in multiple films by Brian De Palma as well as appearances in two Star Trek series. He starred in Used Cars with Kurt Russell and voiced Franklin Sherman on The Critic.
Wibbel the Tailor (1920 film)
Wibbel the Tailor (German: Schneider Wibbel) is a 1920 German silent comedy film directed by Manfred Noa and starring Hermann Picha, Margarete Kupfer and Meinhart Maur. It is an adaptation of the 1913 play Wibbel the Tailor by Hans Müller-Schlösser. It was made by Eiko Film and shot at the Marienfelde Studios in Berlin. The film's art direction is by Karl Machus.

Eiko Film
Eiko Film was a German film production company of the silent era. It was established in 1912 by the producer Franz Vogel and swiftly became one of Germany's more important companies. Having initially produced its films at the Rex Film studios in Berlin, the company moved to construct the Marienfelde Studios in the suburb of that name. A glasshouse studio, it was part of Germany's growing film infrastructure. During the First World War era, when foreign imports were largely excluded from the German market, the company enjoyed success with its productions. In 1922, the company and its Marienfelde Studios were acquired by Terra Film, although the name Eiko was used by productions released by the rival National Film until later in the decade.
Nur al-Din Bimaristan
Nur al-Din Bimaristan (Arabic: البيمارستان النوري) is a large Muslim medieval bimaristan ("hospital") in Damascus, Syria. It is located in the al-Hariqa quarter in the old walled city, to the southwest of the Umayyad Mosque. It was built and named after the Zengid Sultan Nur ad-Din in 1154, and later on an extension was added to the main building in 1242 by a physician Badr al-Din. It was restored in 1975 and now houses the Museum of Medicine and Science in the Arab World.

Constructed in two phases the first construction phase was commissioned by Nur al-Din in 1154 CE and the second phase was about 90 years later and was commissioned by a physician, Badr al-Din, circa 1242 CE. It was renovated in 1975 and a small museum was established here.

Nur al-Din Zengi
Al-Malik al-Adil Abu al-Qasim Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd  bin Imad al-Dīn Zengī (الملكُ العادلُ أبو القاسمِ نور الدين محمود بن عمادِ الدِّين زَنْكِي; February 1118 – 15 May 1174), commonly known as Nur ad-Din or Nureddin (lit. 'Light of the Faith' in Arabic), and al-Malik al-Adil (lit. 'the Just King' in Arabic), was a Turkoman member of the Zengid dynasty, who ruled the Syrian province (Bilad al-Sham) of the Seljuk Empire. He reigned from 1146 to 1174. He is regarded as an important figure of the Second Crusade.
Avengers Undercover
Avengers Undercover is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics that debuted in March 2014 as part of wave three of the Marvel NOW! relaunch. It serves as a sequel to Avengers Arena, and concluded with September's issue #10.

Masters of Evil
The Masters of Evil is a supervillain team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first version of the team appeared in The Avengers #6 (July 1964), with the lineup continually changing over the years.
Mitch Buchannon
Mitch Buchannon is a fictional character from the television series Baywatch. He was played by David Hasselhoff in every season of Baywatch and Baywatch Nights plus in the first season of Baywatch Hawaii. He also appeared in three films, Baywatch the Movie: Forbidden Paradise (1995), Baywatch: White Thunder at Glacier Bay (1998) and Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding (2003). Later, Dwayne Johnson portrayed a lifeguard also named Mitch Buchannon who is a protege of the original Mitch Buchannon in the 2017 film Baywatch.

Mitch was the main character from the series premiere of Baywatch in 1989 to the penultimate season of Baywatch: Hawaii in 2000, when Hasselhoff decided to leave the series as an actor, while remaining as executive producer. As the years progressed, Mitch increasingly served as a mentor and father figure to many of the younger lifeguards at Baywatch headquarters, helping them in work-related matters, and also issues in their personal lives.

Baywatch the Movie: Forbidden Paradise
Baywatch the Movie: Forbidden Paradise is a 1995 American direct-to-video action film which was about the characters of the popular series Baywatch vacationing in Hawaii. In the film, The Baywatch lifeguards moves to Hawaii for a tropical adventure. The team is threatened when Matt is stung by a fish and captured by Hawaiian villagers.

It was later released as a two-part episode of the series during the sixth season. It was also released as a theatrical film in Europe and other parts of the world.

The film is followed by a sequel, Baywatch: White Thunder at Glacier Bay (1998).