hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mandi Lok Sabha constituency
Mandi Lok Sabha constituency is one of the four Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Himachal Pradesh state in northern India represented by Kangana Ranaut,  a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party since 2024.

Virbhadra Singh
Virbhadra Singh ([viːrəbʰəd̪rə siⁿɦə] ⓘ; 23 June 1934 – 8 July 2021) was an Indian politician who served 6 terms and 21 years as the 4th Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh. A leader of the Indian National Congress party, he was elected 9 times as a Member of Legislative Assembly to the Himachal Pradesh Vidhan Sabha and 5 times as Member of Parliament to the Lok Sabha. Virbhadra Singh was popularly known by the honorific Raja Sahib. Singh holds the distinction of being the longest serving Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh, holding the office from 1983 to 1990, from 1993 to 1998, from 2003 to 2007 and finally from 2012 to 2017, when he was succeeded by the BJP's Jai Ram Thakur. He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1962, 1967, 1971, 1980 and 2009. Singh served as a Union Minister in the governments of Indira Gandhi and Manmohan Singh. At the time of his demise, he was serving as an MLA from Arki constituency.
1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game
The 1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game was a regular season college football game played on November 9, 1946. Army (the football program of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York), then ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press college football poll, played the University of Notre Dame, of South Bend, Indiana, ranked No. 2, at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx.

1947 Rose Bowl
The 1947 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game, the 33rd edition of the Rose Bowl Game. The Illinois Fighting Illini defeated the UCLA Bruins, 45–14. Illinois halfbacks Buddy Young and Jules Rykovich shared the Player of the Game award, named when the award was created in 1953 and selections were made retroactively.

This was the first Rose Bowl game that featured teams from the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) and the Big Nine Conference (now the Big Ten). It is known as the first "modern" Rose Bowl, and modern Rose Bowl records date to this game. The conference tie-ins were defined by the terms of an exclusive five-year agreement. The agreement was renegotiated with the newly formed Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU; later known as the Pacific-8, Pacific-10, and Pac-12) following the disbandment of the PCC in mid-1959. The agreement remained in place until the 1999 Rose Bowl, when the Rose Bowl became part of the Bowl Championship Series.
Fuat Hüsnü Kayacan
Fuat Hüsnü Kayacan (1879, – 1963) was a Turkish footballer, manager, referee and pioneering figure. He was the first ever Turkish footballer and referee. He got involved in the sport of football when he was a soldier on assignment in İzmir in 1898. He was the younger brother of Hamit Hüsnü Kayacan.

Being a native of the Kadıköy district on the Asian side of Istanbul, Kayacan was among the founding line-ups of both Black Stockings FC and Fenerbahçe. He also played for Galatasaray.

Black Stockings F.C.
Black Stockings FC (Turkish: Siyah Çoraplılar FK) were a Turkish football club based in the district of Kadıköy, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire. The club were the first football club in Turkish football history. They dissolved in 1901.
Barrow and Furness
Barrow and Furness, formerly known as Barrow-in-Furness, is a UK Parliament constituency in Cumbria. It has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Michelle Scrogham of the Labour Party since 2024.

Since its inception in 1885, the constituency has been centred on the town of Barrow-in-Furness, at the tip of the Furness peninsula. Over the intervening years the constituency has periodically grown in size, and as of the 2024 general election it incorporates the entirety of the peninsula, the Eskdale and Duddon Valleys, and all of coastal West Cumbria as far north as Ravenglass.

Ravenglass
Ravenglass is an English coastal village in west Cumbria that lies between Barrow-in-Furness and Whitehaven, on the estuary of three rivers: the Esk, Mite and Irt. It is the only coastal village in the Lake District National Park. Formerly in the historical county of Cumberland, it is now part of the civil parish of Muncaster, the unitary authority of Cumberland, and the ceremonial county of Cumbria.
Kremmling, Colorado
The Town of Kremmling is a Statutory Town in Grand County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 1,509 at the 2020 United States census.  The town sits along the upper Colorado River in the lower arid section of Middle Park between Byers Canyon and Gore Canyon. The town was founded in 1881 during the Colorado Silver Boom days, but the lack of mineral resources in the nearby mountains made the town grow very slowly in the early days.

Byers Canyon
Byers Canyon is a short gorge on the upper Colorado River in Grand County, Colorado in the United States. The canyon is approximately 8 miles (13 km) long and is located in the headwaters region of the Colorado between Hot Sulphur Springs and Kremmling. U.S. Highway 40 passes through the canyon between Hot Sulphur Springs and Kremmling. The Union Pacific Railroad's Moffat Route also travels through the short canyon.  The Byers Canyon Shooting Range is part of the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Hot Sulphur Springs State Wildlife Area within the canyon providing a winter foraging area for big game animals.
Nelsonville Music Festival
The Nelsonville Music Festival is an annual four-day music festival located at Snow Fork near Nelsonville, Ohio. The event in Southeastern Ohio takes place in July and features a variety of musical genres and includes local, regional, national and international artists. The weekend celebration includes local food and artisans as well as a campground for both primitive and RV camping. The festival also provides activities for children and strives to be environmentally friendly.

Justin Townes Earle
Justin Townes Earle (January 4, 1982 – August 20, 2020) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. After his debut EP, Yuma (2007), he released eight full-length albums. He was recognized with an Americana Music Award for Emerging Artist of the Year in 2009 and for Song of the Year in 2011 for "Harlem River Blues". His father is alternative country artist Steve Earle.
Abu Bakr al-Khassaf
Abu Bakr al-Khassaf (Arabic: أبو بكر الخصاف,Abu Bakr Al-Ḫaṣṣāf ) (died 874, full name Abu-Bakr Ahmad Ibn-Amru ash-Shaybani al-Khassaf)
was a Hanafite law scholar at the court of the 14th Abbasid Caliph al-Muhtadi.

He is the author of a seminal work on Qādī, known as أدب القاضي Adab al-qādī. A commentary on the work was written by al-Jaṣṣās in the 10th century.
An English translation was published by G. P. Verbit in 2008.

Al-Ḫaṣṣāf is also the author of a Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫārij, a work on legalistic trickery or ḥiyal, and a kitāb aḥkām al-awqāf, on religious institutions or waqf.

The earliest development of this field is the Kitāb al-maḫārij fī l-ḥiyal ("book of evasion and trickery")  by  Muhammad al-Shaybani (d. 805). A more comprehensive treatment is  the Kitāb al-ḥiyal wa-l-maḫārij
by Al-Khassaf.

Ḥiyal
Ḥiyal (حيل, singular ḥīla حيلة "contortion, contrivance; device, subterfuge") is "legalistic trickery" in Islamic jurisprudence.
The main purpose of ḥiyal is to avoid straightforward observance of Islamic law in difficult situations while still obeying the letter of the law.
An example of hiyal is the practice of "dual purchase" (baiʿatān fī baiʿa) to avoid the prohibition of usury by making two contracts of purchase and re-purchase (at a higher price), similar to the modern futures contract.
A special sub-field of ḥiyal is "oath-trickery" (maʿārīḍ) dedicated to the formulation of ambiguous statements designed to be interpreted as an oath or promise while leaving open loopholes to avoid perjury. Views on its admissibility in Islam have varied by schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Madhhab), by time period, and by type of ḥiyal.  A substantial literature on such tricks has developed in the Hanafi school of jurisprudence in particular.
Ethan James (producer)
Ralph Burns Kellogg (August 2, 1946 – June 19, 2003), also known as Ethan James, was an American musician, record producer, and recording engineer best known for his work on Minutemen's seminal album Double Nickels on the Dime. He also produced and engineered albums for Black Flag, The Bangles, Rain Parade, Dos, and many others. Many of these recordings were undertaken at Radio Tokyo Studio, the recording facility he founded in the early 1980s.

Under his real name, he was a member of the heavy metal band Blue Cheer from 1969 to 1972.  He was considered a master of the hurdy-gurdy, a medieval instrument, and was also noted for playing the symphonium.  James returned to performing in 1989 and performed with the San Francisco Mozart Festival Orchestra, among others.

James died of complications from liver cancer in San Francisco at the age of 56.

Blue Cheer
Blue Cheer was an American rock band that initially performed and recorded in the late 1960s and early 1970s and was sporadically active until 2009. Based in San Francisco, Blue Cheer played in a psychedelic blues rock or acid rock style. They are also credited as being some of the earliest pioneers of heavy metal, with their cover of "Summertime Blues" sometimes cited as the first in the genre. They have also been noted as influential in the development of genres as disparate as stoner rock, experimental rock, and grunge.
Afurechau... Be in Love
"Afurechau... Be in Love" (溢れちゃう...BE IN LOVE, Gonna Overflow... Be In Love) is Maki Goto's second single. It was released on September 19, 2001 with the catalog number EPCE-5118.

A remixed version of the song is featured of Goto's first album Makking Gold 1, titled "Afurechau... Be In Love (A Passionate Mix)". A slower re-arrangement of this song, arranged by Yuichi Takahashi, and dubbed the Premium Version, is featured on her first compilation album Goto Maki Premium Best 1. In 2002, an English-language cover ("It Hurts to Be in Love") was recorded by Karyn White for the album Cover Morning Musume Hello! Project!.

Makking Gold 1
Makking Gold 1 (マッキングGOLD①) is the first studio album from Hello! Project solo artist Maki Goto. It was released on February 5, 2003. The first-press version comes in a special package with a photobook.
Jon Van Caneghem
Jon Van Caneghem (born 1962/1963) is an American video game director, designer and producer. He is best known for launching development studio New World Computing in 1983, making his design debut in 1986 with Might and Magic Book One: The Secret of the Inner Sanctum. During the company's 20-year lifespan, Van Caneghem was involved in the creation and direction of several franchises, including the Might and Magic role-playing series and the spin-off Heroes of Might and Magic and King's Bounty strategy series.

Might and Magic
Might and Magic is a series of role-playing video games in the science fantasy genre developed by New World Computing, which in 1996 became a subsidiary of The 3DO Company. The original Might and Magic series ended with the closure of the 3DO Company. The rights to the Might and Magic name were purchased for US$1.3 million by Ubisoft, which rebooted the franchise with a new series with no apparent connection to the previous continuity, starting with the games Heroes of Might and Magic V and Dark Messiah of Might and Magic.
Don Siegel
Donald Siegel (/ˈsiːɡəl/ SEE-gəl; October 26, 1912 – April 20, 1991) was an American film director and producer.

Siegel was described by The New York Times as "a director of tough, cynical and forthright action-adventure films whose taut plots centered on individualistic loners". He directed the science-fiction horror film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), as well as five films with Clint Eastwood, including the police thriller Dirty Harry (1971) and the prison drama Escape from Alcatraz (1979). He also directed John Wayne's final film, the Western The Shootist (1976).

The Shootist
The Shootist is a 1976 American Western film directed by Don Siegel and based on Glendon Swarthout's 1975 novel of the same name, and written by Miles Hood Swarthout (the son of the author) and Scott Hale. The film stars John Wayne in his last film appearance before his death in 1979, Lauren Bacall, Ron Howard, James Stewart, Richard Boone, John Carradine, Scatman Crothers, Rick Lenz, Harry Morgan, Sheree North, and Hugh O'Brian.

In 1977, The Shootist received an Oscar nomination for Best Art Direction (Robert F. Boyle, Arthur Jeph Parker), a BAFTA Film Award nomination for Best Actress (Lauren Bacall), and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor (Ron Howard), as well as the National Board of Review Award as one of the Top Ten Films of 1976. The film received widespread critical acclaim, garnering an 81% positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Rick Wolff (writer)
Rick Wolff (July 14, 1951 – April 10, 2023) was an American book editor, author, college coach, broadcaster, and onetime professional baseball player. He was the son of Hall of Fame Sportscaster Bob Wolff. He was Senior Executive Editor at Large with Kevin Anderson and Associates and hosted "The Sports Edge" on WFAN Sports Radio.

Bob Wolff
Robert Alfred Wolff (November 29, 1920 – July 15, 2017) was an American radio and television sportscaster.

He began his professional career in 1939 on CBS in Durham, North Carolina while attending Duke University. He was the radio and TV voice of the Washington Senators from 1947 to 1960, continuing with the team when they relocated and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. In 1962, he joined NBC-TV.

In his later years, Wolff was seen and heard on News 12 Long Island, on MSG Network programming, and doing sports interviews on the Steiner Sports' Memories of the Game show on the YES Network.
Terania Shire
Terania Shire was a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.

Terania Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906, one of 134 shires created after the passing of the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905. Walter Massy-Greene was elected as the inaugural shire president.

The shire offices were in Lismore. Other towns and villages in the shire included Nimbin.

Terania Shire was abolished and split on 1 January 1977 with part of its area absorbed by Kyogle Shire and the balance merged along with Gundurimba Shire into the City of Lismore.

Walter Massy-Greene
Sir Walter Massy-Greene KCMG (6 November 1874 – 16 November 1952) was an Australian politician and businessman. As a Liberal and Nationalist member of the House of Representatives, he became a protégé of Prime Minister Billy Hughes and was groomed as his successor. He served as Minister for Trade and Customs (1919–1921), Defence (1921–1923), and Health (1921–1923), but his prime ministerial aspirations were brought to an abrupt halt by his defeat at the 1922 federal election. Massy-Greene subsequently served two terms as a Senator for New South Wales (1923–1925, 1926–1938), but never regained his earlier influence in politics. In retirement he held numerous company directorships.
David Crooks (RNZAF officer)
Air Marshal David Manson Crooks, CB, OBE (8 December 1931 – 9 March 2022) was a senior commander of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. He was Chief of the Air Staff from April 1983 to October 1986 and Chief of the Defence Staff thereafter until 1987 when he retired.

Crooks was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1969 Queen's Birthday Honours, and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1985 New Year Honours.

Crooks retired from the Royal New Zealand Air Force in 1987. In retirement he served on the board of the RNZAF Museum Trust. He died in Wellington on 9 March 2022, at the age of 90.

1985 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1985 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1984 and the beginning of 1985, and were announced on 31 December 1984.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Buffalo Bulls men's basketball
The Buffalo Bulls men's basketball team represents the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, New York, United States. The team currently competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level as a member of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) East Division. Buffalo began play in 1915 and joined the MAC in 1998. They won their first MAC East Division title in 2009, and won a third MAC East Division title in 2015 along with their first outright MAC Regular-Season championship and first MAC Tournament title to earn the program's first bid to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. The Bulls also have six appearances in the NCAA College Division Basketball Championship between 1957 and 1965 and two appearances in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT). Their head coach position was filled on March 30, 2023 when Buffalo hired Villanova associate head coach George Halcovage.

Mitchell Watt (basketball)
Mitchell Watt (born December 14, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for Toyama Grouses of the B.League. He played college basketball for the University at Buffalo, where he was an All-American and Mid-American Conference (MAC) player of the year.
Landon Cassill
Landon Douglas Cassill (born July 7, 1989) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 10 Chevrolet Camaro for Kaulig Racing.

Front Row Motorsports
Front Row Motorsports (FRM) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. The team began running part-time in 2004 as Means-Jenkins Motorsports under a partnership with Jimmy Means and restaurant entrepreneur Bob Jenkins, with Jenkins becoming the full team owner in 2005. In the Cup Series, FRM fields three Ford Mustang Dark Horse teams full-time; the No. 4 for Noah Gragson, the No. 34 for Todd Gilliland, and the No. 38 for Zane Smith. In the Truck Series, they field two Ford F-Series teams full-time; the No. 34 for Layne Riggs and No. 38 for Chandler Smith.
John Rodolphus Kent
John Rodolphus Kent (died 1 January 1837), also known as Amukete, was a Royal Navy officer and trader who settled in New Zealand in 1827. He first started sailing to New Zealand from Port Jackson (Sydney) in New South Wales in 1820. He settled at Koutu Point near Opononi in the Hokianga in 1827 under the protection of the Ngāti Korokoro chief Moetara. He then moved to Kawhia in 1828 to trade with the Waikato tribes. There he met Te Wherowhero, the paramount chief of Waikato, and married his daughter Tiria. He died at Kahawai on the Manukau Harbour on 1 January 1837.

Kawhia Harbour
Kawhia Harbour (Māori: Kāwhia) is one of three large natural inlets in the Tasman Sea coast of the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located to the south of Raglan Harbour, Ruapuke and Aotea Harbour, 40 kilometres southwest of Hamilton. Kawhia is part of the Ōtorohanga District and is in the King Country. It has a high-tide area of 68 km2 (26 sq mi) and a low-tide area of 18 km2 (6.9 sq mi). Te Motu Island is located in the harbour.

The settlement of Kawhia is located on the northern coast of the inlet, and was an important port in early colonial New Zealand. The area of Kawhia comprises 16 to 20 hectares (40 to 50 acres) and is the town block that was owned by the New Zealand Government. The government bought it from the Europeans in 1880 "not from the original Māori owners, but from a European who claimed ownership in payment of money owed by another European".
Selskabet for Oslo Byes Vel
Selskabet for Oslo Byes Vel (English: Society for the Welfare of Oslo), often known as Oslo Byes Vel, is a non-profit heritage association for the benefit of Oslo, Norway's capital city. It was established in 1811 by Niels Wulfsberg.

Niels Wulfsberg
Niels Wulfsberg (29 August 1775 – 25 June 1852) was a Norwegian priest, newspaper editor and publisher. Born in Tønsberg, the son of a bailiff, he gained little respect as a priest in Christiania, owing to his libidinous lifestyle. He became known as the founding editor of the Morgenbladet and Tiden newspapers, in which he espoused a monarchistic and secessionist stance.
Iron Gustav (TV series)
Iron Gustav (German: Der eiserne Gustav) is West German television series which originally aired on ARD in seven episodes between 27 August and 8 October 1979. It is based on the 1938 novel Iron Gustav by Hans Fallada about a Berlin taxi driver still using a horse-drawn carriage, and the hardships he faces due to increasing competition from motor cars in the Weimar Era. In 1928 to demonstrate what he can still do he takes his carriage from Berlin to Paris.

Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada (German: [hans ˈfa.la.da] ⓘ; born Rudolf Wilhelm Friedrich Ditzen; 21 July 1893 – 5 February 1947) was a German writer of the first half of the 20th century. Some of his better known novels include Little Man, What Now? (1932) and Every Man Dies Alone (1947). His works belong predominantly to the New Objectivity literary style, a style associated with an emotionless reportage approach, with precision of detail, and a veneration for 'the fact'. Fallada's pseudonym derives from a combination of characters found in Grimms' Fairy Tales: The titular protagonist of Hans in Luck (KHM 83), and Fallada the magical talking horse in The Goose Girl.
North Roe
North Roe is a village, and protected area at the northern tip in the large Northmavine peninsula of the Mainland of Shetland, Scotland.  It is a small village, with a school with fewer than a dozen pupils in 2011. The village is served by the A970 road which runs the length of the Shetland mainland from south to north and is a single-carriageway for the final nine miles.

A970 road
The A970 is a single-carriageway road that runs from south to north of Mainland Shetland, Scotland. The road also spurs to Scalloway and North Roe.

The road crosses the end of a runway at Sumburgh Airport. The road is closed with barriers when flights are taking off or landing.
Madhavayyagari Manavadu
Madhavayyagari Manavadu (transl. Madhavayya's Grandson) is a 1992 Telugu-language drama film, produced by V. Doraswamy Raju under the VMC Productions banner and directed by Muthyala Subbaiah. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Sujatha, Harish  and music composed by Vidyasagar.

V. Doraswamy Raju
V. Doraswamy Raju (8 September 1941 – 18 January 2021) was an Indian film producer, distributor, and politician. He produced and distributed several Telugu films under his banner VMC Productions. He served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly from the Telugu Desam Party representing Nagari constituency, Andhra Pradesh between 1994 and 1999. He won two Nandi Awards and two Filmfare Awards.
Ascent propulsion system
The ascent propulsion system (APS) or lunar module ascent engine (LMAE) is a fixed-thrust hypergolic rocket engine developed by Bell Aerosystems for use in the Apollo Lunar Module ascent stage. It used Aerozine 50 fuel, and N2O4 oxidizer. Rocketdyne provided the injector system, at the request of NASA, when Bell could not solve combustion instability problems.

Bell Aircraft
The Bell Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer, a builder of several types of fighter aircraft for World War II but most famous for the Bell X-1, the first supersonic aircraft, and for the development and production of many important civilian and military helicopters. Bell also developed the Reaction Control System for the Mercury Spacecraft, North American X-15, and Bell Rocket Belt. The company was purchased in 1960 by Textron, and lives on as Bell Textron.