hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Traill's flycatcher
Traill's flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) was a supposed species of tyrant flycatcher in the genus Empidonax. It was named by John James Audubon after his close British friend Thomas Stewart Traill.

After 1973 it was considered to be two distinct but closely related species, which are outwardly very similar but prefer differing ranges and habitats, have different songs, and replace each other geographically without significant hybridization:

Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum

Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii (proper)

Thomas Stewart Traill
Thomas Stewart Traill FRSE PRCPE MWS RSSA (29 October 1781 – 30 July 1862) was a British physician, chemist, meteorologist, zoologist and professor of medical jurisprudence. He was well known through his involvement in the Roscoe circle and the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Sumner Henry Needham
Sumner Henry Needham (born March 2, 1828 - died April 27, 1861) was identified in an 1888 book on the history of Essex County, Massachusetts as the first Union combat casualty of the American Civil War, although he was killed by civilians of the United States in the Baltimore riot of 1861 as the troops passed through that city. Needham was shot on April 19, 1861 but lingered for eight days before dying of his wounds.

Modern historian David Detzer states that Luther C. Ladd was the first Union soldier to die in the Baltimore riot. On June 1, 1861 in a report dated May 16, 1861, Harper's Weekly identified Ladd as the "first victim of the war" on April 19, 1861.

Baltimore riot of 1861
The Baltimore riot of 1861 (also called the "Pratt Street Riots" and the "Pratt Street Massacre") was a civil conflict on Friday, April 19, 1861, on Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland. It occurred between antiwar "Copperhead" Democrats and other Confederate sympathizers on one side, and on the other, members of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania state militia regiments en route to the national capital at Washington who had been called up for federal service. The fighting began at the President Street Station, spreading throughout President Street and subsequently to Howard Street, where it ended at the Camden Street Station. The riot produced the first deaths of Union volunteers by hostile action, although caused by civilians, in the American Civil War. Civilians among the attackers also were killed.
Ellsworth Woodward
Ellsworth Woodward (1861–1939) was an American artist and art educator. During the late 19th century in New Orleans, Ellsworth and his older brother William Woodward were two of the most influential figures in Southern art. Ellsworth was born 1861 in Seekonk, Massachusetts, but the two brothers made New Orleans their home (around 1876) and devoted themselves to promoting Southern culture and art as artists, teachers and administrators. Ellsworth Woodward is best known for founding the Newcomb Pottery movement, and for his landscape-structure, genre, etcher.

Newcomb Pottery
Newcomb Pottery, also called Newcomb College Pottery, was a brand of American Arts & Crafts pottery produced from 1895 to 1940. The company grew out of the pottery program at H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College, the women's college now associated with Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana.  The Pottery was a contemporary of Rookwood Pottery, the Saturday Evening Girls, North Dakota pottery, Teco and Grueby.
Singapore Symphony Chorus
The Singapore Symphony Chorus (SSC) is the performing choir of the Singapore Symphony Orchestra (SSO). The SSC performs solely with the SSO, presenting an average of three programmes a year.

The SSC's present chorus master is Eudenice Palaruan, who took over from Lim Yau. Most concerts are performed at Singapore's Esplanade Concert Hall and the Victoria Concert Hall.

The associated youth choirs are the Singapore Symphony Children's Choir (SSCC) and the Symphony Youth Choir (SSYC).

Choo Hoey
Choo Hoey (朱暉, 20 October 1934 – 11 August 2025) was a Singaporean musician and conductor. Choo founded the Singapore Symphony Orchestra and was also its first resident conductor and music director. Choo was awarded Singapore's inaugural Cultural Medallion for music in 1979.
Jacopo da Bologna
Jacopo da Bologna (fl. 1340–1386) was an Italian composer of the Trecento, the period sometimes known as the Italian ars nova. He was one of the first composers of this group, making him a contemporary of Gherardello da Firenze and Giovanni da Firenze. He concentrated mainly on madrigals, including both canonic (caccia-madrigal) and non-canonic types, but also composed a single example each of a caccia, lauda-ballata, and motet.

Trecento
The Trecento (/treɪˈtʃɛntoʊ/ tray-CHEN-toh, US also /trɛˈ-/ treh-, Italian: [treˈtʃɛnto]; short for milletrecento, "1300") refers to the 14th century in Italian cultural history. The Trecento is considered to be the beginning of the Italian Renaissance or at least the Proto-Renaissance in art history. The Trecento was also famous as a time of heightened literary activity, with writers working in the vernacular instead of Latin. In music, the Trecento was a time of vigorous activity in Italy, as it was in France, with which there was a frequent interchange of musicians and influences.
2007 Guatemalan general election
General elections were held in Guatemala on 9 September to elect a new President and Vice President of the Republic, 158 congressional deputies, and 332 mayors. As no presidential candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was held on 4 November.

Colom was elected President of Guatemala. It would mark the first time since 1954 that Guatemala had a left wing government.

National Unity of Hope
The National Unity of Hope (Spanish: Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza, UNE) is a populist political party in Guatemala. It was founded in 2002 and defined itself as a social democratic and social-Christian/Christian socialist party, but since transformed and is now described as a right-wing party. It is the largest political party in Guatemala by the number of members.
Richard Cannon (baseball)
Richard Cannon (September, 1909 – February 3, 1935), nicknamed "Speedball", was an American Negro league pitcher from 1928 to 1932.

A native of Mount Vernon, Indiana, Cannon made his Negro leagues debut in 1928 with the St. Louis Stars. He played for St. Louis again the following season, then spent 1930 and 1931 with the Louisville Black Caps and Cleveland Cubs. Cannon died in Louisville, Kentucky in 1935 at age 25.

Mount Vernon, Indiana
Mount Vernon is a city in and the county seat of Posey County, Indiana, United States. Located in the state's far southwestern corner, within 15 miles (24 km) of both the southernmost or westernmost points, it is the westernmost city in the state. The southernmost is Rockport, located along the Ohio River about 40 miles (64 km) to the southeast.

As of the 2020 census, Mount Vernon had a population of 6,493. It is located in Black Township and is part of the Evansville, Indiana, metropolitan area.
ITV London
ITV London is the on-air brand name used by ITV Broadcasting Limited for two broadcast franchises of ITV, formerly operated by Carlton Television (weekdays) and London Weekend Television (weekends) in the London ITV region.  Its terrestrial digital signal is transmitted from Crystal Palace in the London Borough of Bromley.

Crystal Palace transmitting station
The Crystal Palace transmitting station, officially known as Arqiva Crystal Palace, is a broadcasting and telecommunications site in the Crystal Palace area of the London Borough of Bromley, England (grid reference TQ339712). It is located on the site of the former television station and transmitter operated by John Logie Baird from 1933.

The station is the eighth-tallest structure in London, and is best known as the main television transmitter for the Greater London area and parts of the surrounding Home Counties. As such, it is the most important transmitter in the UK in terms of population covered. The transmitter is owned and operated by Arqiva. Given the transmitter's location on top of a 109-metre (358 ft) hill, it is the highest structure above sea level in London.
Michael Samuels (director)
Michael Samuels is British television director, producer and writer.

He directed Any Human Heart for which he won a BAFTA, and in 2018 he won an International Emmy for Man in an Orange Shirt. He also won a Royal Television Society Award for The Curse of Steptoe. Other works include The Falklands Play, The Vice, The Last Days of Lehman Brothers, Mrs. Mandela, The Fear, Black Work, and Close To Me.

Samuels directed The Windermere Children, broadcast in the UK on the BBC on 27 January 2020, about the child refugees who survived the concentration camps and were taken to the English Lakes District in an attempt to rehabilitate them. The film won the Prix Europa Award for Best European Television Movie of the year 2020, and was nominated for a BAFTA in 2021.

Man in an Orange Shirt
Man in an Orange Shirt is a two-part British television movie from the BBC. It was produced by Kudos Film and Television and premiered on 31 July 2017 at BBC One. The film drama tells three love stories from two generations of a family, in the 1940s and in 2017.

Vanessa Redgrave, Julian Morris, and Oliver Jackson-Cohen act in the lead roles, directed by Michael Samuels. The script and idea come from the British best-selling-author Patrick Gale, whose family history is the autobiographical core of the plot. The film won 2018 International Emmy Award for Best TV Movie or Miniseries.
East End Colony, Montana
East End Colony is a Hutterite community and census-designated place (CDP) in Hill County, Montana, United States. It is in the northeastern part of the county, 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Havre, the county seat.

East End Colony was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Hill County, Montana
Hill County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,309. Its county seat is Havre. It lies along the United States border with Canada, abutting Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Part of its territory is within the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation, which is held by the federally recognized Chippewa-Cree Tribe.
Anna Nicole
Anna Nicole is an opera in 2 acts and 16 scenes, with music by Mark-Anthony Turnage to an English libretto by Richard Thomas. Based on the life of American model Anna Nicole Smith, the opera received its première on 17 February 2011 at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, directed by Richard Jones. A recording of the opera was broadcast on BBC Four and BBC iPlayer on 25 March 2011. The broadcast drew in 67,700 viewers. The opera received its first London revival at Covent Garden in September 2014.

Anna Nicole Smith
Vickie Lynn Marshall (née Hogan; November 28, 1967 – February 8, 2007), known professionally as Anna Nicole Smith, was an American model, actress and television personality. Smith started her career as a Playboy magazine centerfold in May 1992 and won the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year. She later modeled for clothing companies, including Guess, H&M and Heatherette.

Smith dropped out of high school in 1984, married in 1985, and divorced in 1993. In 1994, her highly publicized second marriage to 89-year-old billionaire J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she was a gold digger, which she denied. Following Marshall's death in 1995, Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate. Her cases reached the Supreme Court of the United States: Marshall v. Marshall on a question of federal jurisdiction and Stern v. Marshall on a question of bankruptcy court authority. Smith died on February 8, 2007, in Hollywood, Florida, of a combined drug intoxication.
Why Baby Why (Pat Boone song)
"Why Baby Why" is a song written by Larry Harrison and Luther Dixon and performed by Pat Boone.  It reached #5 on the U.S. pop chart and #17 on the UK Singles Chart in 1957.

The single was produced by Randy Wood and arranged by Billy Vaughn.

Luther Dixon
Luther Dixon (August 7, 1931 – October 22, 2009) was an American songwriter, record producer, and singer. Dixon's songs achieved their greatest success in the 1950s and 1960s, and were recorded by Elvis Presley, the Beatles, the Jackson 5, B.B. King, Jerry Lee Lewis, Dusty Springfield, Jimmy Reed and others. As a producer, Dixon helped create the signature sound of the girl group the Shirelles.
Carol Philips
Carol Philips (born 1966) is a pioneer of big-wave bodyboarding for women. She was the first woman to compete against the men at the Banzai Pipeline on the North Shore (Oʻahu). She founded the World Championship of Women's Bodyboarding in memory of Don and Josie Over in 1990. She was the first woman to hold a permit to run a contest at the Banzai Pipeline. Philips is the founder of the  North Shore Surf Girls - Surf School.

Philips was featured in the book North Shore Chronicles and was in the film Blue Crush.

Philips was appointed in 2005 to a four-year term on the Hawaii State Commission on the Status of Women by the Governor of the State of Hawaii.

Blue Crush
Blue Crush is a 2002 American sports film directed by John Stockwell, written by Stockwell and Lizzy Weiss, and based on Susan Orlean's 1998 Outside magazine article "Life's Swell". It stars Kate Bosworth, Michelle Rodriguez, Sanoe Lake and Mika Boorem. The film follows three friends, working at the hotel resort and surfing in Oahu, Hawaii.
Magnús Scheving
Magnús Örn Eyjólfsson Scheving (Icelandic: [ˈmaknuːs ˈscɛːvɪŋk]; born 10 November 1964) is an Icelandic writer, television producer, entrepreneur, actor, and former athlete. He is best known as the creator of the children's television show LazyTown, on which he served as a producer and director, and portrayed the character Sportacus. A two–time European champion as well as World championship silver and bronze medalist in aerobic gymnastics, he was named the Icelandic Sportsperson of the Year in 1994.

Hrefna Björk Sverrisdóttir
Hrefna Björk Sverrisdóttir (Icelandic: [ˈr̥ɛpn̥a ˈpjœr̥k ˈsvɛrɪstouhtɪr]; born November 2, 1981) is an Icelandic businesswoman and television producer who was Head of Creative Development and Operations of LazyTown Entertainment under Turner Broadcasting. In 2000 she founded the monthly magazine Orðlaus along with Steinunn Jakobsdóttir and Erna Þrastardóttir. In 2005 they sold the magazine to the publisher Ár og dagur. In 2011 she opened an adventure park in Reykjavík. In 2016 she opened the restaurant ROK.
Association of Independent Schools in New England
The Association of Independent Schools in New England (AISNE) is an association serving independent schools in New England, USA. It provides educational services such as downloadable materials and support for diversity programs, and represents its members to government, the media, etc. It also accredits elementary schools. As of 2005, it has over 160 members.

The AISNE is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools.

Members must

be not-for-profit

have an antidiscrimination statement

have a board of directors

be financially sound, with annual independent audits

be accredited, either by AISNE itself (only elementary schools) or by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges

Member schools include: the Sage School, Applewild School, Academy Hill School, Boston University Academy, and Eaglebrook School.

Boston University Academy
Boston University Academy  (BUA) is a private high school operated by Boston University.  Founded in 1993 and located on the Boston University campus, the academy is geared toward college preparatory work.  As part of its integration with the university, students are able to take college courses for credit their junior and senior years. Students are guaranteed acceptance to Boston University if they maintained a 3.0 grade point average in Boston University courses and have no history of major disciplinary actions.

BUA's student body is drawn from over 51 communities: 33% come from public schools, 61% from independent schools, 5% from parochial schools and 1% are from home-school or international schools; 53% are students of color and 37% of students come from multilingual households (representing 30 languages). BUA provides need-based tuition assistance to approximately 29% of the students as of the 2024–2025 academic year.
James Davy
James Davy (born May 6, 1953) is the former Commissioner of Human Services in New Jersey, holding the position under former Governors James McGreevey and Jon Corzine. He previously served on McGreevey's staff in the governor's office and while McGreevey was Mayor of Woodbridge Township.

Born May 6, 1953, in Philadelphia, he was raised in Pittsburgh and graduated in 1971 from North Allegheny Senior High School. He earned an undergraduate degree from Thiel College and a master's in public administration from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs.

On September 9, 2005, then Governor of New Jersey Richard Codey named his wife, Lucille Davy, as Acting Commissioner of Education. In doing so, they became the first husband and wife to serve in a state cabinet together in the country. They reside in Pennington, New Jersey.

Richard Codey
Richard James Codey (November 27, 1946 – January 11, 2026) was an American politician who served as the 53rd governor of New Jersey from 2004 to 2006. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the New Jersey Senate from 1982 to 2024 and as the President of the Senate from 2002 to 2010. He represented the 27th Legislative District, which covered the western portions of Essex County and the southeastern portion of Morris County.

Codey is the longest-serving state legislator in New Jersey history, having served in the New Jersey Legislature continuously from January 8, 1974, to January 9, 2024.
Pantsuit Nation
Pantsuit Nation was a private Facebook group and Twitter hashtag used to rally Hillary Clinton supporters during her 2016 presidential campaign in the United States. The group was not affiliated with a political party, but its symbol, the pantsuit, was used as a metonym for Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign – similarly to how red-colored hats were used for the campaign of her opponent, Donald Trump.

Members of the group focus on immigration reform, racial justice, religious freedom, and women's reproductive rights. During the November 2016 U.S. presidential election, the group had 2.9 million members and has raised up to $170,000 for the Clinton campaign. Currently, the group has around 2.9 million members, while at its peak it hit 4 million.

In 2019, the group was bought out by Supermajority Education Fund, but the organization chose to pause the community as of March 18, 2023.

Pantsuit
A pantsuit, also known as a trouser suit outside the United States, is a woman's suit of clothing consisting of pants and a matching or coordinating coat or jacket.

In the past, the prevailing fashion for women included some form of a coat, paired with a skirt or dress—hence the name pantsuit.
Gyzylarbat
Gyzylarbat, formerly known as Kyzyl-Arvat (1881-1992), Serdar (1999-2022) or Farāva, is a city in Balkan Province, Turkmenistan, and the administrative center of Gyzylarbat District. The city is located northwest of Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan, at the end of the line of oases on the northern slope of the Kopet Dag that extends to the southeast. It lies along the M37 highway going to the Caspian Sea. The population of Gyzylarbat was roughly circa 50,000 people as of 2022, mainly ethnic Turkmen. The main language spoken in the region is Turkmen.

Trans-Caspian railway
The Trans-Caspian Railway (also called the Central Asian Railway, Russian: Среднеазиатская железная дорога) is a railway that follows the path of the Silk Road through much of western Central Asia.  It was built by the Russian Empire during its expansion into Central Asia in the 19th century. The railway was started in 1879, following the Russian victory over Khokand. Originally it served a military purpose of facilitating the Imperial Russian Army in actions against the local resistance to their rule. However, when Lord Curzon visited the railway, he remarked that he considered its significance went beyond local military control and threatened British interests in Asia.
Eremia Grigorescu
Eremia Teofil Grigorescu (28 November 1863 – 21 July 1919) was a Romanian general who served as the commander of the 1st Romanian Army during the First World War. He also served as Minister of War in the Constantin Coandă cabinet.

Mausoleum of Mărășești
The Mausoleum of Mărășești is a memorial site in Romania containing remains of 5,073 Romanian soldiers and officers killed in the First World War and dedicated to the commemoration of the Battle of Mărășești and Romanian Army members who were killed during World War I.

The memorial took architects George Cristinel and Constantin Pomponiu 15 years to build and was unveiled on 18 September 1938 by King Carol II.  The frieze in bas-relief surrounding the base of the dome was sculpted by Cornel Medrea and Ion Jalea.

It is featured on the circulating twenty lei banknote issued by National Bank of Romania.
Lac de Coiselet
Lac de Coiselet (French pronunciation: [lak də kwazlɛ]) is a reservoir on the border between the Ain and Jura departments in France. Its surface area is 3.8 km2. The lake formed in 1970 after the Barrage de Coiselet was built at the confluence of the rivers Ain and Bienne.

Bienne (river)
The Bienne (French pronunciation: [bjɛn]) is a 68.8 km (42.8 mi) long river in the Jura and Ain departments of eastern France. Its source is near Prémanon, Jura. It passes through the towns Morez and Saint-Claude. It discharges into the reservoir Lac de Coiselet, which is drained by the Ain, near Dortan.
David Grace (racing driver)
David Grace (born 1949 in Rugby, Warwickshire, England) is a British racing driver and businessman. He was the CEO at Rockingham Motor Speedway between 2000 and 2002, and oversaw the opening of the track and the return, after many years, of CART racing to Britain.

As a driver his greatest successes came in hillclimbing, where he was five times British Hillclimb Champion (1993-94-98-99-2000), an achievement placing him level with Martyn Griffiths and behind only six-times champion Tony Marsh. After joining Rockingham he ceased to climb regularly, but made occasional appearances in circuit racing. Grace made a brief return to hillclimbing in 2003 after leaving Rockingham.

Outside motorsport Grace has a successful and varied career in business management.

British Hill Climb Championship
The British Hillclimb Championship (BHC) is the most prestigious hillclimbing championship in Great Britain. The British Hill Climb Championship was held every year from 1947 to 2019, and resumed in 2021. The 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

All British Champions have been British. The most successful driver in terms of individual victories is Scott Moran, with 163, followed by Martin Groves (104) and Roy Lane (91). Moran and Tony Marsh jointly hold the record for the most championships, with six apiece. Ken Wharton is the only driver to win four consecutive titles, while Marsh uniquely scored two hat-tricks in 1955-1957 and 1965–1967.