hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander King (chemist)
Alexander King CMG CBE  (26 January 1909 – 28 February 2007) was a British chemist and pioneer of the sustainable development movement who co-founded the Club of Rome in 1968 with the Italian industrialist Aurelio Peccei. The Club was one of the first institutions to voice concerns about the impact on the environment of unprecedented economic growth in the 20th century. "Peccei and King were lonely prophets at a time of overwhelming optimism," who did much to push environmental issues on to the political agenda. At the time of the Club's founding, King was Director-General for Scientific Affairs at the Paris-based Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Club of Rome
The Club of Rome is a nonprofit, informal organization of intellectuals and business leaders whose goal is a critical discussion of pressing global issues. The Club of Rome was founded in 1968 at Accademia dei Lincei in Rome, Italy. At least until the early 2000s, the 'main club' has allegedly been limited to one hundred members, often selected from current and former heads of state and government, UN administrators, high-level politicians, diplomats, scientists, economists, and business leaders from around the globe. It stimulated considerable public attention in 1972 with the first report to the Club of Rome, The Limits to Growth. Since 1 July 2008, the organization has been based in Winterthur, Switzerland.
Wrecking of the Sea Horse, Boadicea and Lord Melville
The wrecking of the Sea Horse, Boadicea and Lord Melville took place during a gale off the east coast of Ireland on 30 January 1816. These ships were initially travelling together carrying soldiers and their families to Cork at the end of the Napoleonic War, and were wrecked with heavy loss of life.

82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers)
The 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1793. Under the Childers Reforms it  amalgamated with the 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) in 1881.
Kander Neve
The Kander Neve (German: Kanderfirn) is a 6.6 km (4.1 mi) long glacier (2005) of the Bernese Alps, situated south of Kandersteg in the canton of Bern. The glacier lies at the upper end of the Gasterental, at the foot of the Blüemlisalp and the Tschingelhorn. It borders the valley of Lauterbrunnen on the east (Tschingel Pass) and the canton of Valais on the south (Petersgrat). In 1973 it had an area of 13.9 km2 (5.4 sq mi).

The glacier feeds the head waters of the Kander, a river that flows into Lake Thun, and hence into the Aare and the Rhine.

Tschingel Pass
The Tschingel Pass (2,787 m) is a high mountain pass of the Bernese Alps, connecting Kandersteg with Stechelberg in the Bernese Oberland. It is the lowest pass between the upper Kandertal and the valley of Lauterbrunnen. The pass is glaciated and separated the Kander Glacier from the Tschingel Glacier. It lies between the Blüemlisalp and the Tschingelhorn and is overlooked by the Mutthorn.
Colony of Jamaica
The Crown Colony of Jamaica and Dependencies was a Crown colony of the British Empire from 1655 to 1962. English forces launched an invasion of Jamaica in 1655, capturing the existing Spanish colony. Jamaica was primarily used for exporting sugarcane from plantations operated by African slaves, and experienced several rebellions over the course of British rule. The colony was granted independence in 1962.

Eric Williams
Eric Eustace Williams TC CH (25 September 1911 – 29 March 1981) was a Trinidad and Tobago politician. He has been dubbed as the "Father of the Nation", having led the then-British Colony of Trinidad and Tobago to majority rule on 28 October 1956, to independence on 31 August 1962, and republic status, on 1 August 1976, leading an unbroken string of general elections victories with his political party, the People's National Movement, until his death in 1981. He represented Port of Spain South in the Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago.

He was the first Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago and also a Caribbean historian, most noted for his book entitled Capitalism and Slavery.
Active service unit
An active service unit (ASU; Irish: aonad seirbhíse cogúla) was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) cell of four to ten members, tasked with carrying out armed attacks. In 2002, the IRA had about 1,000 active members of which about 300 were in active service units. The concept was first pioneered by Tom McEllistrim and other members of the Irish Republican Army.

Tom McEllistrim (1894–1973)
Thomas McEllistrim (14 October 1894 – 4 December 1973) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1923 to 1969. He was a military activist in the period from 1916 to 1923.
Kintai Bridge
The Kintai Bridge (錦帯橋, Kintai-kyō) is a historical wooden arch bridge in the city of Iwakuni in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

The pedestrian bridge was built in 1673, spanning the Nishiki River in a series of five wooden arches. The bridge is located on the foot of Mt. Yokoyama, at the top of which lies Iwakuni Castle.

Kikkou Park, which includes the bridge and castle, is a popular tourist destination in Japan, particularly during the Cherry blossom festival in the spring and the autumn color change of the Japanese maples. It was declared a National Treasure in 1922.

Yamaguchi Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Yamaguchi Prefecture has a population of 1,377,631 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 6,112 km2 (2,359 sq mi). Yamaguchi Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the north and Hiroshima Prefecture to the northeast.

Yamaguchi is the capital and Shimonoseki is the largest city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Ube, Shūnan, and Iwakuni. Yamaguchi Prefecture is located at the western tip of Honshu with coastlines on the Sea of Japan and Seto Inland Sea, and separated from the island of Kyushu by the Kanmon Straits.
Turba, Estonia
Turba is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Saue Parish, Harju County, Estonia. Prior to the administrative reform of Estonian local governments in March 2017, Turba belonged to Nissi Parish. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 927. In 2019, the population was found to have risen to 964.

Science journalist and humorist Tiit Kändler was born in Turba.

Turba railway station re-opened on 8 December 2019 after being closed to passenger services since September 1995. Hourly electric train services to Tallinn are provided by Elron.

Elron (rail transit)
AS Eesti Liinirongid, operating as Elron, is a government-owned passenger train operator in Estonia.

Prior to 2014, the company operated exclusively the electrified commuter rail system in Harjumaa, and was known until October 2013 as Elektriraudtee, i.e. "the Electrical Railway". On 1 January 2014, Elron took over all domestic passenger train services in Estonia from Edelaraudtee.
Great Little Trains of Wales
The Great Little Trains of Wales (Welsh: Trenau Bach Arbennig Cymru) is the name of a joint marketing scheme formed in 1970 to promote some of the narrow gauge railways of Wales and encourage visitors to Wales. As well as marketing the railways, the scheme allows visitors to purchase a discount card, allowing reduced rates on all the lines.

As of 2021, there are twelve railways in the scheme.

In 2024, The Merioneth & Llantisilly Rail Traction Company Limited, and Ivor the Engine, were inducted as the 13th (and only fictional) member of Great Little Trains of Wales.

Ivor the Engine
Ivor the Engine is a British cutout animation television series created by Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin's Smallfilms company. It follows the adventures of a small green steam locomotive who lives in the "top left-hand corner of Wales" and works for The Merioneth and Llantisilly Rail Traction Company Limited. His friends include Jones the Steam, Evans the Song and Dai Station, among many other characters.
Tricolor (company)
Tricolor is an American sub-prime auto lender and used car retailer that collapsed amid fraud allegations in September 2025.

Tricolor was founded in Dallas, Texas in 2007, and Daniel Chu is co-founder, majority owner and CEO.

In September 2025, Tricolor filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

In October 2025, JP Morgan revealed that it had taken a $170 million loss due to Tricolor.

Daniel Chu
Daniel Chu is an American businessman, and until October 2025, was the co-founder, majority owner and CEO of Tricolor, a sub-prime auto lender and used car retailer that collapsed amid fraud allegations in September 2025. In December 2025, prosecutors with the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York charged Chu, along with Tricolor's former COO, CFO, and a financial executive, with bank fraud and wire fraud, among other charges. Prosecutors alleged that Chu directed a deputy to send him $6.25 million in bonuses in August as the company unraveled.

Chu earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Washington University in St. Louis in 1985 and a master's in athletic administration from the University of Miami in 1988.

He is married to Constance Chu. In 2022, they paid $17.5 million for a condo at the Four Seasons Surf Club in Surfside, Florida. They were both members of the No Kid Hungry leadership council until Tricolor's bankruptcy.
Russian Rebels, 1600–1800
Russian Rebels, 1600–1800 is a 1972 history book by Paul Avrich about four popular rebellions in early modern Russia (the Bolotnikov rebellion of 1606, the Razin rebellion of 1670, the Bulavin Rebellion of 1707, and Pugachev's Rebellion of 1773–1775) and their relation to the 1905 and 1917 Russian revolutions.

Paul Avrich
Paul Avrich (August 4, 1931 – February 16, 2006) was an American historian specializing in the 19th and early 20th-century anarchist movement in Russia and the United States. He taught at Queens College, City University of New York, for his entire career, from 1961 to his retirement as distinguished professor of history in 1999. He wrote ten books, mostly about anarchism, including topics such as the 1886 Haymarket Riot, the 1921 Sacco and Vanzetti case, the 1921 Kronstadt naval base rebellion, and an oral history of the movement in the United States.

As an ally of the movement's major figures, he sought to challenge the portrayal of anarchists as amoral and violent, and collected papers from these figures that he donated as a 20,000-item collection to the Library of Congress.
Peter Coates
Peter Coates (born 13 January 1938) is an English businessman, the co-founder of bet365, and director of Stoke City Football Club, of which he is former chairman. He has been listed as the 25th-richest person in British football. He founded Stadia Catering in the 1960s and Signal Radio in 1983.

Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England. It had an estimated population of 259,965 in 2022, making it the largest settlement in Staffordshire and one of the largest cities of the Midlands. Stoke is surrounded by the towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Alsager, Kidsgrove and Biddulph, which form a conurbation around the city.

The city is polycentric, formed from the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from the town of Stoke-upon-Trent, where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns which form the city are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton and Fenton.

As the home of the pottery industry in England, the area is known as The Potteries. It is a centre for service industries and distribution centres. It formerly had a primarily heavy industry sector.
Jagdschloss Glienicke
Jagdschloss Glienicke (German pronunciation: [ˈjaːktˌʃlɔs ˈɡliːnɪkə]) is a hunting lodge in the Berlin district of Wannsee near Glienicke Bridge. Babelsberg and Glienicke Palace can be seen nearby. Originally constructed in the late 17th century and expanded in the mid-1800s, the castle is part of the Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin UNESCO World Heritage Site, owing to its cohesion with the surrounding landscape and its testimony to the power of Prussia in the 17-19th centuries.

Wannsee
Wannsee (German pronunciation: [ˈvanˌzeː] ⓘ) is a locality in the southwestern Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Germany. It is the westernmost locality of Berlin. In the quarter there are two lakes, the larger Großer Wannsee (Greater Wannsee) and the Kleiner Wannsee (Little Wannsee), located on the Havel and separated by the Wannsee Bridge. The larger of the two lakes covers an area of 2.7 km2 (1.0 mi2) and has a maximum depth of 9 m (30 ft).
Waupoos, Ontario
Waupoos is a community in Prince Edward County, Ontario, Canada. Situated on Smith Bay on Lake Ontario, Waupoos is in the centre of the county's cider and wine industry. Located about 13 km from Picton, it is set among apple orchards, wineries, local farms, and forested hills.

During and after the American Revolution, Waupoos served as a point of resettlement for American United Empire Loyalists. Prior to European settlement, Waupoos (whose name is derived from the Ojibwe waabooz, "rabbit") was inhabited by the Mississauga, who created a burial ground on Waupoos Island. The Conrad David house, a historically designated property on which Sir John A. MacDonald once held the mortgage, now houses the County Cider Company. The Waupoos Estate Winery also makes its home in the hamlet of Waupoos.

Prince Edward County, Ontario
Prince Edward County (PEC) is a single-tier municipality in southern Ontario, Canada. Its coastline on Lake Ontario’s northeastern shore is known for Sandbanks Provincial Park, sand beaches, and limestone cliffs. The Regent Theatre, a restored Edwardian Opera  House, sits at the heart of the town of Picton on the Bay of Quinte. Nearby Macaulay Heritage Park highlights local history through its 19th-century buildings. In 2021, Prince Edward County had a census population of 25,704. Prince Edward County is a single-tier municipality and a census division of the Canadian province of Ontario.
Roger Babson
Roger Ward Babson (July 6, 1875 – March 5, 1967) was an American entrepreneur, Georgist economist, and business theorist in the first half of the 20th century. He is best remembered for predicting the Wall Street crash of 1929 and founding Babson College. He also founded Webber College (Webber International University) in Babson Park, Florida, and the defunct Utopia College, in Eureka, Kansas.

Roger attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and worked for investment firms before founding Babson's Statistical Organization (1904), which analyzed stocks and business reports; it continues as Babson-United, Inc.

Gloucester, Massachusetts
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts,  United States. It sits on Cape Ann and is a part of Massachusetts's North Shore. The population was 29,729 at the 2020 U.S. census. An important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination, Gloucester consists of an urban core on the north side of the harbor and the outlying neighborhoods of Annisquam, Bay View, Lanesville, Folly Cove, Magnolia, Riverdale, East Gloucester, and West Gloucester.
Concepción Quezaltepeque
Concepción Quezaltepeque is a district in the Chalatenango Department in the north of El Salvador.  It is bordered to the north by Comalapa and La Laguna, to the east by Las Vueltas and Chalatenango, to the south by Chalatenango, and to the west by Santa Rita.  The territorial extension of the municipality is 52.54 km2.  In 2005 the population was 6,734 inhabitants.  The municipality's administration is divided into 6 cantons and 14 caserío.

Chalatenango Department
Chalatenango (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃalateˈnaŋɡo]) is a department of El Salvador located in the northwest of the country. The department's capital city is the city of Chalatenango, which shares the same name as the department. Chalatenango covers a land area of 778.61 square miles (2,016.58 km2) and contains over 185,930 inhabitants. Chalatenango's maximum elevation, located at Cerro El Pital (the country's highest point), is 8,960 feet (2,730 m).

Amílcar Iván Monge Monge of Nuevas Ideas has been the governor of Chalatenango since 2020.
Pigment violet 23
Pigment violet 23 is an organic compound that is a commercial pigment.  It is member of the dioxazine family of heterocyclic compounds, but derived from carbazoles. It is prepared by condensation of chloranil and 3-amino-N-ethylcarbazole.  It has a centrosymmetric angular structure.  For many years, the structure was assigned, incorrectly, as having a "linear structure" (EC no. 228-767-9, CAS RN 6358-30-1) which differ in terms of the carbazole ring fusion.

Pigment violet 23 is prepared by condensation of an aniline with chloranil.

Oxazines
Oxazines are heterocyclic organic compounds containing one oxygen and one nitrogen atom in a cyclohexa-1,4-diene ring (a doubly unsaturated six-membered ring). Isomers exist depending on the relative position of the heteroatoms and relative position of the double bonds.

By extension, the derivatives are also referred to as oxazines; examples include ifosfamide and morpholine (tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine). A commercially available dihydro-1,3-oxazine is a reagent in the Meyers synthesis of aldehydes. Fluorescent dyes such as Nile red and Nile blue are based on the aromatic compound benzophenoxazine. Cinnabarine and cinnabaric acid are two naturally occurring dioxazines, being derived from biodegradation of tryptophan.
Athenian Letters
The Athenian Letters was a collaborative work of Ancient Greek history and geography, published by a circle of authors around Charles Yorke and Philip Yorke, and taking the form of commentary in letter form on Thucidydes. It had a “considerable vogue”.

Charles Yorke
Charles Yorke PC (30 December 1722 – 20 January 1770) was a British politician who briefly served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. His father was also Lord Chancellor, and he began his career as a Member of Parliament. He served successively as Solicitor-General and Attorney-General for several governments, during which he was best known for writing what became the Quebec Act. He was appointed Lord Chancellor over his objections, but he committed suicide only three days after taking the post.
976-Evil II
976-EVIL II (also known as 976-EVIL 2: The Astral Factor) is a 1992 American direct-to-video supernatural horror film directed by Jim Wynorski. The film is a sequel to the 1988 horror film 976-EVIL. It was referenced in Invasion of the Scream Queens (1992).

Patrick O'Bryan
Patrick O'Bryan (born February 17, 1962) is an American actor known for his appearances in a variety of television shows and films in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He is perhaps best known for his starring role as "Spike" in the 1988 cult film 976-EVIL, which also marked the directorial debut of A Nightmare on Elm Street star Robert Englund.
Alphabet City (film)
Alphabet City is a 1984 American crime-drama film directed by Amos Poe. The story follows a young New York City gangster of Italian descent named Johnny, who has been given control over his own neighborhood by the Mafia. Then unknown actors Vincent Spano (as Johnny), Jami Gertz, and Michael Winslow and Daniel Jordano are featured in this low-budget thriller. Acclaimed film and stage actress Zohra Lampert plays Johnny's mother. The film is set in Alphabet City, a part of the East Village in New York City.

Amos Poe
Amos Poe (born Amos Porges; September 30, 1949 – December 25, 2025) was an American New York City-based No Wave director and screenwriter, described by The New York Times as a "pioneering indie filmmaker".
Hugo Kettler
Hugo Wilhelm Kettler (3 January 1895) was a  German signals officer with the rank of colonel in the German Army. In October 1943, Kettler became director of the OKW/Chi, the cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht. Kettler remained in command of the unit until it was dissolved on 15 April 1945.

Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht
The Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht (German: Amtsgruppe Wehrmachtnachrichtenverbindungen, Abteilung Chiffrierwesen) (also Oberkommando der Wehrmacht Chiffrierabteilung or Chiffrierabteilung of the High Command of the Wehrmacht or Chiffrierabteilung of the OKW or OKW/Chi or Chi) was the Signal Intelligence Agency of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces of the German Armed Forces before and during World War II. OKW/Chi, within the formal order of battle hierarchy OKW/WFsT/Ag WNV/Chi, dealt with the cryptanalysis and deciphering of enemy and neutral states' message traffic and security control of its own key processes and machinery, such as the rotor cipher ENIGMA machine. It was the successor to the former Chi bureau (German: Chiffrierstelle) of the Reichswehr Ministry.
Kitimat
Kitimat is a district municipality in the North Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. It is a member municipality of the Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine regional government. The Kitimat Valley is part of the most populous urban district in northwest British Columbia, which includes Terrace to the north along the Skeena River Valley. The city was planned and built by the Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan) during the 1950s.  Its post office was approved on 6 June 1952.

Kitimat's municipal area is 242.63 km2 (93.68 sq mi). It is located on tidewater in one of the few wide, flat valleys on the coast of British Columbia. The 2021 census recorded 8,236 citizens.

The District of Kitimat Development Services situates the port of Kitimat as an integral part of the Northwest Corridor connecting North America to the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Rim.

Alcan
Alcan was a Canadian mining company and aluminum manufacturer. It was founded in 1902 as the Northern Aluminum Company, renamed Aluminum Company of Canada in 1925, and Alcan Aluminum in 1966. It was rebranded once more in 2001, to Alcan Incorporated. During that time, it grew to become one of the world's largest aluminum manufacturers.

Alcan was purchased by Australian-British multinational Rio Tinto for $38 billion in 2007, becoming Rio Tinto Alcan Inc. in 2008. It was headquartered in Montreal, in its Maison Alcan complex.
Lullubi
Lullubi, Lulubi (Akkadian: 𒇻𒇻𒉈𒆠, romanized: Lu-lu-biki, lit. 'Country of the Lullubi'), more commonly known as Lullu, were a group of Bronze Age tribes of mostly  Hurrian origin with some possible Semitic input who existed and disappeared during the 3rd millennium BC. They were from a region known as Lulubum, now the Sharazor plain of the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Sulaymaniyah Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Lullubi was a neighbour and sometimes ally with the Hurrian Simurrum kingdom and came into conflict with the Semitic Akkadian Empire and Assyria. Frayne (1990) identified their city Lulubuna or Luluban with the region's modern town of Halabja.

Zagros Mountains
The Zagros Mountains are a mountain range in West Asia spanning Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. The mountain range has a total length of 1,600 km (990 miles). The Zagros range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly follows Iran's western border while covering much of southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq. From this border region, the range continues southeast to the waters of the Persian Gulf. It spans the southern parts of the Armenian highlands, and the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point is Mount Dena, at 4,409 metres (14,465 ft).