hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johann Silberschlag
Johann Esaias Silberschlag (16 November 1721 – 22 November 1791) was a German Lutheran pastor (1753-1766) and natural scientist from Aschersleben, Principality of Halberstadt.

In 1760, he became an external member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Privy Councillor in the newly founded Office for Public Works, Section of Mechanical Engineering and Hydraulic Engineering. In 1780 Silberschlag observed and described the Brocken bow (also called Brocken spectre). In his book Geonetics or Explanation of the Mosaic Creation according to Physical and Mathematical Foundations (Geogonie oder Erklärung der mosaischen Erderschaffung nach physikalischen und mathematischen Grundlagen) he tried to reconcile theology and science.

The lunar crater Silberschlag is named after him.

Brocken spectre
A Brocken spectre (British English; American spelling: Brocken specter; German: Brockengespenst), also called Brocken bow, mountain spectre, or spectre of the Brocken, is the magnified (and apparently enormous) shadow of an observer cast in midair upon any type of cloud opposite a strong light source. The figure's head can be surrounded by a bright area called Heiligenschein, or halo-like rings of rainbow-coloured light forming a glory, which appear opposite the Sun's direction when uniformly sized water droplets in clouds refract and backscatter sunlight.

The phenomenon can appear on any misty mountainside, cloud bank, or be seen from an aircraft, but the frequent fogs and low-altitude accessibility of the Brocken, the highest peak of the Harz Mountains in Germany, have created a local legend from which the phenomenon draws its name. The Brocken spectre was observed and described by Johann Silberschlag in 1780, and has often been recorded in literature about the region.
Duff Beer
Duff Beer is a brand of beer that originated as a fictional beverage on the American animated series The Simpsons. Beers using the Duff branding have been brewed in a number of countries, resulting in legal battles with varying results. An official version is sold in three variations near the Simpsons Ride at Universal Studios. In 2015, 20th Century Fox, the producer of The Simpsons, began selling licensed Duff beer in Chile, with a view to driving out brandjacking.

In 2016, Time included Duff Beer in a list of the most influential fictional companies of all time.

Duffless
"Duffless" is the sixteenth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 18, 1993. Homer gets arrested for drunk driving, and Marge asks him to stop drinking beer for a month. Meanwhile, after Bart ruins Lisa's science fair project, she attempts to get revenge by proving that he is "dumber than a hamster".

The episode was written by David M. Stern, and directed by Jim Reardon. 
It had a positive reception.
Iodal
Iodal, or triiodoacetaldehyde, is a halogenated derivative of acetaldehyde with the chemical formula I3CCHO, it is analogous to chloral and bromal. It is described as a pale yellow liquid with a pungent odour by Leopold Gmelin. It is decomposed to iodoform by potash. Iodal was discovered and named in 1837.

Iodal is synthesised from ethanol and iodine with concentrated nitric acid as the catalyst. Its hydrate was described as water-soluble, white silky crystals. Like most iodine compounds, Iodal is unstable under sunlight and gives off iodine over time.

Chloral
Chloral, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde or trichloroethanal, is the organic compound with the formula Cl3CCHO. This aldehyde is a colourless liquid that is soluble in a wide range of solvents. It reacts with water to form chloral hydrate, a once widely used sedative and hypnotic substance.
Charlotte Coleman
Charlotte Ninon Coleman (3 April 1968 – 14 November 2001) was an English actress best known for playing Scarlett in the film Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) and Jess in the television drama Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1990). For the former, she was nominated for the BAFTA Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and, for the latter, she was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress. Her childhood roles included Sue in Worzel Gummidge (1979–1981) and the character Marmalade Atkins (1981–1984).

Jacqueline Wilson
Dame Jacqueline Wilson (née Aitken; born 17 December 1945) is an English novelist known for her children's literature. Her novels have tackled realistic topics such as adoption and divorce. Since her debut novel in 1969, Wilson has written more than 100 books.
Nava, Asturias
Nava is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is also the name of one of the parishes in this municipality, as well as the name of the municipal capital.

Nava is bordered on the north by Sariego, Villaviciosa and Cabranes, on the south by Laviana and Piloña, on the east by Piloña, and on the west by Bimenes and Siero.

The Cider Museum, dedicated to the Asturian national drink, is located in the capital.

Cider Museum
The Cider Museum (Spanish: Museo de la Sidra) is located in the Plaza del Príncipe de Asturias in Nava, Asturias, Spain. Opened in 1996 by Prince Philip, it is a themed museum that showcases Asturian national drink, cider. The museum is a member of the Ethnographic Museums Network of Asturias.

Interactive exhibits cover the entire process of cider creation, from growing apples, through pressing, fermenting, bottling, to consumption of this alcoholic beverage.  There is an area devoted to sparkling cider. The museum also focuses on issues such as pollination and the development of apple trees.

Summer and winter hours vary.
Malygina Strait
Malygina Strait or Malygin Strait in Siberia, Russia, is a sound, 9 to 30 km wide and approximately 60 km long, which is frozen most of the year.  It separates Bely Island from the Yamal Peninsula in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast. The strait is named after explorer Stepan Malygin, who was the first to make an instrumental mapping of its coasts during the Great Northern Expedition in the 18th century.

Bely Island
Bely Island (also spelled as Belyy and Beliy, Russian: Белый остров) is a relatively large island in the Kara Sea off the tip of the Yamal Peninsula, Siberia, Russia. Close to the island's northwest tip, there is the Russian Experiment Station (Polyarnaya Stantsiya) Popov Station.
2015 Chattogram City Corporation election
The 2015 Chattogram City Corporation election was held on 30 April 2015. A total of 12 candidates ran for mayor. The result was a victory for the Awami League candidate A J M Nasir Uddin. However, the results were rejected by main opposition candidate, Mohammad Manjur Alam of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.

A. J. M. Nasir Uddin
Abu Jahed Mohammad Nasir Uddin, also known as A.J.M. Nasir Uddin (Bengali: আ জ ম নাসির উদ্দিন; born 1 January 1957) is a Bangladeshi politician for the Awami League party and former mayor of Chittagong. He has been accused of playing a central role in the July massacre in Chittagong, orchestrated and carried out during the july revolution under Sheikh Hasina's administration.
Chinatown (Washington, D.C.)
Washington, D.C.'s Chinatown is a small, historic area of Downtown Washington, D.C. along H and I Streets between 5th and 8th Streets, Northwest. The area was once home to thousands of Chinese immigrants, but fewer than 300 remained in 2017. The current neighborhood was the second in Washington to be called “Chinatown” since 1931. Originally, the first Chinatown was built in the Federal Triangle on the south side of Pennsylvania Avenue some time after 1851, but was moved to the H Street area when a new federal building was built there.  In 1986, a Chinese gate was built over H Street at 7th Street. By 1997, prominent landmarks such as the Capital One Arena, a sports and entertainment arena, occupied the area. The neighborhood is served by the Gallery Place station of the Washington Metro.

Chinatown
Chinatown (Chinese: 唐人街) is a common term used to describe an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, typically situated in an urban area. Chinatowns can be found around the world, including in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The history of Chinatowns date back to the Tang dynasty in the 10th century, arising from the nation's important role in global trade.

Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest standing Chinatown. Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the early 1850s during the California and Victoria gold rushes, respectively. A more modern example, in Montville, Connecticut, was caused by the displacement of Chinese workers in New York's Manhattan Chinatown following the September 11th attacks in 2001.
Crankset
The crankset (in the US) or chainset (in the UK) is the component of a bicycle drivetrain that converts the reciprocating motion of the rider's legs into rotational motion used to drive the chain or belt, which in turn drives the rear wheel. It consists of one or more sprockets, also called chainrings
or chainwheels, attached to the cranks, also called arms or crankarms, to which the pedals attach.  It is connected to the rider by the pedals, to the bicycle frame by the bottom bracket, and to the rear sprocket, cassette, or freewheel via the chain.

Belt-driven bicycle
A belt-driven bicycle is a chainless bicycle that uses a flexible belt, typically of synchronous toothed design, instead of a chain to transmit power from the pedals to the drive wheel.

The application of belt drives to bicycles is growing, especially in the commuter bicycle market, because of the low maintenance and lubrication-free benefits. Belt drives are also available for stationary and fitness bicycles.
Trace (magazine)
Trace is a quarterly, internationally distributed magazine with the tagline, "transcultural styles + ideas". It focuses on urban culture.  It was founded in 1996 by Claude Grunitzky and sold to Alliance Trace Media in 2003.

Claude Grunitzky
Claude Grunitzky (born February 28, 1971) is a journalist, editor and entrepreneur. A graduate of the University of London and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he is best known as founder and editor-in-chief of the lifestyle publication TRACE, an international fashion and music title, and as a co-founder of the TRACE TV network. He runs TRUE Africa, a media platform championing young African voices; TRUE, a content marketing agency; and The Equity Alliance, an investment fund focused on diverse venture capital fund managers and entrepreneurs. He also presents the podcast series Limitless Africa. In 2012, Grunitzky's career was the subject of a Harvard Business School case study, which is taught in the "Power & Influence" MBA class.
The Church of Saint Coltrane
The Church of Saint Coltrane is a short documentary film produced by Alan Klingenstein, directed by Jeff Swimmer and edited by Andrew Fredericks. It was filmed in 1996. Its subject is the famous jazz saxophonist John Coltrane, who became deeply religious after overcoming his addictions to alcohol and heroin in 1957.  Posthumously, he was made the patron saint of the St. John William Coltrane African Orthodox Church church in San Francisco, which holds jam sessions every Sunday that are "five-hour jam sessions interspersed with liturgy, sermons, and fellowship."

The 26 minute documentary film received awards at seven film festivals. In 1998, it was shown on BRAVO,  then sold to cable networks in Europe and Asia.

Alan Klingenstein
Alan Klingenstein (born 1954) is an American corporate and securities attorney, investment banker, film distributor, and film producer. His feature film Two Family House won the Audience Award at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival. Another feature film, Runaway, premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, and won Best Dramatic Feature at the 2005 Austin Film Festival. His documentary Trumbo was awarded the  National Board of Review's Freedom of Expression Award in 2008. Klingenstein is the chairman of FilmRise, a film and television distribution company.
Lampsacus
Lampsacus (/ˈlæmsəkəs/; Ancient Greek: Λάμψακος, romanized: Lampsakos) was an ancient Greek city located in modern day Turkey, strategically situated on the eastern side of the Hellespont in the northern Troad. An inhabitant of Lampsacus was called a Lampsacene. The name has been transmitted in the nearby modern town of Lapseki.

Lapseki
Lapseki (from Greek: Λάμψακος, Lampsakos) is a town in Çanakkale Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Lapseki District. Its population is 14,984 (2021). The mayor is Atilla Öztürk (iYi).

The district of Lapseki is known for its cherries, and a cherry festival is held annually in the town.
Ghadir al-Bustan
Ghadir al-Bustan (Arabic: غدير البستان) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Quneitra Governorate, located west of Quneitra. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Ghadir al-Bustan had a population of 1,628 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants predominantly belong to the Nu'aym, an Arab tribe with a significant presence in southwestern Syria.

Nu'aym
The Nu'aym (Arabic: بنو نعيم), also spelled Na'imeh, Na'im, Nu'im or Ne'im, are a large tribal confederation present in different parts of Syria. Their main concentration is in the Hauran and Golan Heights regions of southern Syria, with a significant presence in the suburbs of Damascus and the countryside of Homs, Idlib and Raqqa. The Nu'aym were one of the major Bedouin tribes in the plains around Homs and Hama and the Golan Heights throughout the Ottoman period.
2025 Winter Cup
The 2025 Winter Cup was an artistic gymnastics competition held at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky, on February 21–23, 2025.  As in recent years, the competition included men's and women's gymnastics.

Riley Loos
Riley Austin Loos (born October 6, 2000) is an American artistic gymnast. He was a member of the gold medal-winning team at both the 2018 and 2022 Pan American Championships. He has been a United States men's national gymnastics team member and competed in collegiate gymnastics for Stanford.
The Warning (Queensrÿche album)
The Warning is the debut studio album by American progressive metal band Queensrÿche, released on September 7, 1984, and reissued on May 6, 2003, with three bonus tracks.

The Warning shows the band in an early stage of development, playing straight heavy metal songs unlike later albums in which more experimentation was expressed. It was a moderate commercial success in the United States, although none of the singles charted domestically. However, "Take Hold of the Flame" was an international hit, particularly in Japan.

In 2019, Metal Hammer ranked it as the 13th best power metal album of all time.

James Guthrie (music producer)
James K. A. Guthrie (born 14 November 1953) is an English recording engineer and record producer best known for his work with the progressive rock band Pink Floyd serving as a producer and engineer for the band since 1978. He is the owner and operator of das boot recording in Lake Tahoe, California. He is married to Melissa Kathryn (Braun) Guthrie and owns two cats, Bert & Jack.
Bella (2017 film)
Bella is a Ugandan drama film directed by Matt Bish and stars Cinderella Sanyu in her debut film acting role as Bella. It also stars Abby Mukiibi Nkaaga, Matthew Nabwiso, Simon Base Kalema, Roger Mugisha, Stellah Nantumbwe, Joel Okuyo Atiku, Michael Wawuyo Jr. The film premiered at Victoria Hall, Kampala Serena Hotel in October 2017.

Cindy Sanyu
Cinderella Sanyu (born 28 August 1985) known professionally as Cindy or Cindy Sanyu is a Ugandan musician. She was one of the original members of Blu*3, along with Lilian Mbabazi and Jackie Chandiru.

She has performed with P-Square, Wahu, Beenie Man, Ne-Yo, Tiwa savage, Bobi Wine, Shaggy, Chameleon, Bebe Cool, Davido, Mr. G and Radio & Weasel.
Splatt, Cornwall
50°33′04″N 4°54′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.551°N 4.900°W﻿ / 50.551; -4.900

Splatt is a small settlement in north Cornwall, England, at grid reference SW 945 763. It lies in St Minver Lowlands parish between Pityme and Rock, although the buildings along the Rock Road are continuous.

Rock, Cornwall
Rock (Cornish: Pennmeyn)
is a coastal fishing village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is opposite Padstow on the north-east bank of the River Camel estuary. The village is in the civil parish of St Minver Lowlands 
about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Wadebridge.
Mlechchha dynasty
The Mlechchha dynasty (c. 650 - 900) ruled Kamarupa from their capital at Harruppesvar in present-day Tezpur, Assam, after the fall of the Varman dynasty. According to historical records, there were twenty one rulers in this dynasty, but the line is obscure and names of some intervening rulers are not known. Like all other Kamarupa dynasties a semi-mythical lineage from Narakasura was constructed to accord legitimacy to their rule. The Mlechchha dynasty in Kamarupa was followed by the Pala kings. The dynasty is unrelated to the previous Varman dynasty.

Tezpur
Tezpur (Assamese: [tɛz.pʊɹ]) is a city in Sonitpur district, Assam state, India. Tezpur is located on the banks of the river Brahmaputra, 175 kilometres (109 mi) northeast of Guwahati, and is the largest of the north bank cities.
Canibus
Germaine Williams (born December 9, 1974), better known by his stage name Canibus, is a Jamaican-American rapper. First having gained recognition for his freestyling abilities, he signed with Universal Records to release his debut studio album, Can-I-Bus (1998). He has since released 13 solo studio albums, and several collaborative projects with other rappers as a member of the Four Horsemen, Refugee Camp All-Stars, Sharpshooterz, Cloak N Dagga, the Undergods and one-half of T.H.E.M.

About.com placed him at number 32 on their list of the "Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987–2007)", while in 2012 The Source placed him number 44 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time.

Refugee Camp All-Stars
Refugee Camp All-Stars was a loosely defined American musical collective and production alias associated with the Fugees and their extended creative circle. Active primarily in the late 1990s, the name was used for various collaborations involving Wyclef Jean, John Forté, Canibus, and other affiliated artists. In some instances, the name functioned more as a production imprint than a performing group.

Although they did not release any projects or studio albums under their own name, Refugee Camp All-Stars were heavily involved in Wyclef Jean's 1997 debut solo album Wyclef Jean Presents The Carnival. Their single "Avenues", featured on the soundtrack to the 1997 comedy film Money Talks, became a top 40 hit in the United States. That same year, the group also released "The Sweetest Thing" featuring Lauryn Hill, as part of the soundtrack for Love Jones.
Prospect Vale, Tasmania
Prospect Vale is a rural/residential locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Launceston (1%) and Meander Valley (99%) in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south-west of the town of Launceston. The 2016 census recorded a population of 5067 for the state suburb of Prospect Vale.
It is a small suburb of Greater Launceston. Prospect Vale has a small shopping centre, Prospect Vale Marketplace, containing a Woolworths supermarket and a small industrial park lies within its boundaries. Sporting grounds include the St Patrick's Old Collegians Football Club Oval, who compete in the Northern Tasmania Football Association.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Whitworth rifle
The Whitworth rifle was an English-made percussion cap rifled musket used in the latter half of the 19th century.  A single-shot muzzleloader with excellent long-range accuracy for its era, especially when used with a telescopic sight, the Whitworth rifle was widely regarded as the world's first sniper rifle.

The Whitworth rifle saw extensive use with the Confederate sharpshooters in the American Civil War, claiming the lives of several Union generals, including Major General John Sedgwick, one of the highest-ranking Union officers killed during the Civil War, shot on 9 May 1864, at Spotsylvania.  In October 2017, a surviving example of a Confederate Whitworth rifle was auctioned with a hammer price of $161,000.

The Whitworth rifle was considered to be the very best rifle of its time in terms of accuracy, when compared to other British, French, American rifles, or those produced elsewhere.

Sniper rifle
A sniper rifle is a high-precision, long-range rifle. Requirements include high accuracy, reliability, mobility, concealment, and optics, for anti-personnel, anti-materiel and surveillance uses by military snipers. The modern sniper rifle is a portable shoulder-fired rifle with either a bolt action or semi-automatic action, fitted with a telescopic sight for extreme accuracy and chambered for a high-ballistic performance centerfire cartridge.
Seventy-Six Trombones
"Seventy-Six Trombones" is a show tune and the signature song from the 1957 musical The Music Man, by Meredith Willson, a film of the same name in 1962 and a made-for-TV movie in 2003. The piece is commonly played by marching bands, military bands, and orchestras.

Meredith Willson
Robert Reiniger Meredith Willson (May 18, 1902 – June 15, 1984) was an American flautist, composer, conductor, musical arranger, bandleader, playwright, and writer.

He is perhaps best known for writing the book, music, and lyrics for the 1957 hit Broadway musical The Music Man and "It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas" (1951).

Willson wrote three other musicals, two of which appeared on Broadway, and composed symphonies and popular songs. He was twice nominated for Academy Awards for film scores.
God Don't Make No Junk
God Don't Make No Junk is the first studio album by the American indie rock band The Halo Benders. It was released in 1994 on K Records. The album was the first full-length release by the Halo Benders, a side project of Calvin Johnson (of Beat Happening) and Doug Martsch (of Built to Spill). Its catalogue number is KLP29.

The album title references the black pride slogan of the 1970s.

K Records
K Records is an independent record label in Olympia, Washington, founded in 1982. Artists on the label included early releases by Beck, Modest Mouse and Built to Spill. The record label has been called "key to the development of independent music" since the 1980s.

The label was founded by Beat Happening frontman Calvin Johnson and managed for many years by Candice Pedersen. Many early releases were on the cassette tape format, making the label one of the longest lasting reflections of the cassette culture of the 1970s and early 1980s. Although itself releasing primarily offbeat pop music and indie rock, the DIY label is regarded as one of the pioneers of riot grrrl movement and the second wave of American punk in the 1990s.