hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jane Markey
Jane E. Markey is a judge of the Michigan Court of Appeals Third District.

Markey has a bachelor's degree from Michigan State University. She has a Juris Doctor degree from Thomas M. Cooley Law School. She was first elected a judge in 1990 and has been on the court of appeals since 1994.

She has sought the GOP nomination for the state Supreme Court.

Cooley Law School
Thomas M. Cooley Law School (commonly referred to as Cooley Law School) is a private law school in Lansing, Michigan, and Riverview, Florida. It was established in 1972. At its peak in 2010, Cooley had over 3,900 students and was the largest US law school by enrollment; as of October 2024, Cooley had 420 students between its two campuses. In November 2020, Western Michigan University's board of trustees voted to end its affiliation with Cooley, which began in 2014, with disassociation effective November 5, 2023. in November 2025  Beginning in 2020, Cooley has failed to reach the 75% two–year bar passage required of ABA Standard 316 for continued accreditation and, effective 2025, was placed on probation by the ABA due to noncompliance with the required minimum two-year bar passage rate. Cooley was removed from its probationary status and was found in full compliance two months later in November 2025. Multiple media outlets have labeled Cooley the "worst law school in America".
InfraRecorder
InfraRecorder is an open-source CD and DVD writing program for Microsoft Windows. First started by Christian Kindahl in the Google Summer of Code 2006, InfraRecorder uses the cdrtools software library to perform the actual burning.

Since 0.46, InfraRecorder is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License 3 and is free software. In November 2007, CNET rated InfraRecorder the best free alternative to commercial DVD burning software.

InfraRecorder is included on the VALO-CD, a collection of open source software for Windows.

VALO-CD
VALO-CD was a distribution of open-source software on a CD for Microsoft Windows aiming to spread knowledge and the use of open-source software. Its last release was in 2013.

VALO-CD originated from Finland, and was originally available only in Finnish. Since version 7's release in March 2012, an international version was made available in English.

The acronym VALO means "Free/Libre Open-Source Software" in Finnish. Valo is also a Finnish word that means "light". The name is intended to connote enlightenment.

The project started in 2008, and aimed to support technological and economic development in Finland.

Version 8 released in 2012 and Version 9 release in 2013.
Namayan, Mandaluyong
Namayan is a barangay in the city of Mandaluyong, Philippines. It is located in the western part of the city near the border with Santa Ana, Manila and Kasilawan and Carmona, Makati, separated from them by the Pasig River. The barangay covers an area of 38.55 hectares (95.3 acres), and is bordered by the barangays of Mabini J.P. Rizal and Old Zañiga on the northside, and Vergara on the eastside. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 7,670 people.

Namayan was the center of a pre-Hispanic kingdom that covered much of the modern city of Manila and surrounding cities in southern and eastern Metro Manila. It was also spelled as Lamayan.: 83

Namayan
Namayan (Baybayin: Pre-Kudlit: ᜈᜋᜌ or ᜐᜉ (Sapa), Post-Kudlit: ᜈᜋᜌᜈ᜔), also called Sapa and sometimes Lamayan, was an independent: 193  polity on the banks of the Pasig River in the Philippines. It is believed to have peaked in the 11th-14th centuries, although it continued to be inhabited until the arrival of European colonizers in the 1570s.

Formed as a polity occupying several barangays, it was one of several polities on the Pasig River just prior to the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, alongside Tondo, Maynila, and Cainta.

Archeological findings in Santa Ana have produced the oldest evidence of continuous habitation among the Pasig River polities, pre-dating artifacts found within the historical sites of Maynila and Tondo.
Luca Carboni
Luca Carboni (born 12 October 1962) is an Italian singer-songwriter. He debuted in 1981 as a guitarist in the band Teobaldi Rock, publishing his first solo album in 1984. He is also a painter and carpenter.

Festivalbar
The Festivalbar (Italian: Il Festivalbar) was an Italian singing competition that took place in the most important Italian squares during summer, such as the Piazza del Duomo, Catania or Piazza Bra, Verona. The first edition took place in 1964 and was broadcast by RAI. The competition was held throughout the summer and the final round always took place at the Arena in Verona after 3-4 events in various cities of Italy.
Emergency: Quantum Leap
Emergency: Quantum Leap  (Korean: 비상: Quantum Leap) is the debut and only extended play by South Korean boy group X1, a project group created through the 2019 Mnet survival show Produce X 101. The album was released digitally and physically on August 27, 2019, by Swing Entertainment.

X1 (band)
X1 (EKS-wun; Korean: 엑스원) was a South Korean boy group formed by CJ ENM through the Mnet reality competition show Produce X 101. The group was composed of eleven members: Kim Yo-han, Kim Woo-seok, Han Seung-woo, Song Hyeong-jun, Cho Seung-youn, Son Dong-pyo, Lee Han-gyul, Nam Do-hyon, Cha Jun-ho, Kang Min-hee, and Lee Eun-sang. The group debuted on August 27, 2019 with the single "Flash" under Swing Entertainment and was co-managed by Stone Music Entertainment.

Initially contracted for five years, the Mnet vote manipulation investigation led to a halt in their activities, and after an unsuccessful negotiation about the group's future between the members' individual agencies, they disbanded on January 6, 2020.
Dashitou South railway station
Dashitounan railway station is a railway station in Dashitou, Dunhua, Yanbian, Jilin, China on the Jilin–Hunchun intercity railway. Although the line opened in 2015, Dashitou South railway station did not open until 10 April 2018.

Dashitou
Dashitou (simplified Chinese: 大石头镇; traditional Chinese: 大石頭鎮; pinyin: Dàshítou Zhèn, Korean: 대석두진; RR: Daeseokdu Jin; MR: Taesŏktu Jin) is a town in Dunhua, Yanbian, Jilin. Dashitou is located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Dunhua's urban center. The town has an area of 1,398.6 square kilometres (540.0 sq mi) total population of 61,173 people, and the total number of households is 17,264.
Horncastle Railway
The Horncastle and Kirkstead Junction Railway was a seven mile long single track branch railway line in Lincolnshire, England, that ran from Horncastle to Woodhall Junction (opened as Kirkstead) on the Great Northern Railway (GNR) line between Boston and Lincoln. There was one intermediate station, Woodhall Spa.

The line opened in 1855 and was worked by the GNR, but the H&KJR company remained as an independent entity until 1923. The short line suffered from road competition after that time, and the passenger service was withdrawn in 1954, although a goods service was retained until 1971. There is now no railway activity on the former line.

Woodhall Spa railway station
Woodhall Spa railway station was a station in Woodhall Spa, Lincolnshire on a small branch line running north from Woodhall Junction to Horncastle. Both the station and the line are now closed.

In 1846 the Great Northern rail company purchased the land to build a 58 miles (93 km) rail link from Peterborough to Lincoln via Spalding and Boston with the Boston to Lincoln section being built along the banks of the River Witham. Works commenced in 1847 and the line opened on 17 October 1848. The Kirkstead Station, later to be renamed the Woodhall Junction, was one of seven between Lincoln and Boston. To the north were Stixwould, Southrey and Bardney and to the south were Tattershall, Dogdyke and Langrick.
Culcairn
Culcairn (/kʌlkɛərn/) is a town in the south-east Murray region of New South Wales, Australia. Culcairn is located in the Greater Hume Shire local government area on the Olympic Highway between Albury and Wagga Wagga. The town is 514 kilometres (319 mi) south-west of the state capital, Sydney and at the 2021 census had a population of 1,483.

The town is an important supply centre for nearby towns and villages including, Morven, Gerogery, Henty, Walla Walla and Pleasant Hills. Billabong Creek runs along the southern edge of town, lending its name to the local high school.

Billabong Creek
The Billabong Creek, a partly perennial stream of the Murray River catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.

At 320 kilometres (200 mi) (with some estimates ranging up to 596 kilometres (370 mi)), Billabong Creek is believed to be the longest creek in the world.
Vermont Route 64
Vermont Route 64 (VT 64) is a 6.770-mile-long (10.895 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Vermont. It connects VT 12 in Northfield to VT 14 in Williamstown. Along the way, it intersects Interstate 89 (I-89) in Williamstown.

Northfield, Vermont
Northfield is a town in Washington County, Vermont, United States. The town lies in a valley within the Green Mountains and has been home to Norwich University since 1866. It contains the village of Northfield, where over half of the population lives. The town's total population was 5,918 at the 2020 census.
The Boys in the Boat (film)
The Boys in the Boat is a 2023 American biographical sports drama film produced and directed by George Clooney from a screenplay by Mark L. Smith, based on the 2013 book by Daniel James Brown. The film follows the University of Washington rowing team, and their quest to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympics. It stars Joel Edgerton as coach Al Ulbrickson Sr. and Callum Turner as rower Joe Rantz.

The Boys in the Boat had its world premiere in Los Angeles on December 11, 2023, and was theatrically released by Amazon MGM Studios in the United States on December 25 and internationally by Warner Bros. Pictures. It  grossed $55 million and received mixed reviews from critics.

Al Ulbrickson Sr.
Alvin M. Ulbrickson (February 11, 1903 – November 7, 1980), also known as Al Ulbrickson Sr., was an American rower and coach.

After rowing as a student at the University of Washington (UW), Ulbrickson went on to coach the crew there from 1927 until retiring in 1959. His UW crews won six Intercollegiate Rowing Association championships; four of those times they won varsity, junior varsity and freshman titles in the same year. He also coached gold medal-winning U.S. rowing teams in the 1936 (Berlin) and 1948 (London) Olympics, also taking a bronze in 1952 (Helsinki). He was one of five coaches who were charter members of UW Athletic Hall of Fame when it was established in 1979. He was the father of Alvin Edmund Ulbrickson, who himself rowed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Ulbrickson was portrayed by actor Joel Edgerton in the 2023 film The Boys in the Boat.
Oflag IV-D
Oflag IV-D was a World War II German Army prisoner-of-war camp located in Elsterhorst (now Nardt) near Hoyerswerda, then part of Lower Silesia, 44 km (27 mi) north-east of Dresden. It held mostly French, but also Belgian, Polish, Serbian, British and other Allied officers.

German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II
Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps (German: Kriegsgefangenenlager) during World War II (1939-1945).

The most common types of camps were Oflags ("Officer camp") and Stalags ("Base camp" – for enlisted personnel POW camps), although other less common types existed as well.
Fox, Oklahoma
Fox is an unincorporated community  in Carter County in southern Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fox had a population of 92. The post office was established January 25, 1894. It is named for Frank M. Fox of the Chickasaw Nation.

Robert L. Lynn, the president from 1975 to 1997 of Louisiana College in Pineville, Louisiana, graduated in 1949 from Fox High School.

Robert L. Lynn
Robert Lee Lynn (November 19, 1931 – September 8, 2020) was a prize-winning poet in suburban Atlanta, Georgia, who from 1975 to 1997 was the sixth president of Southern Baptist-affiliated Louisiana Christian University in Pineville, Louisiana. Previously he was an administrator and interim president at his alma mater, Oklahoma Baptist University, and managing editor for All Church Press in Fort Worth, TX.
Mariana Treviño
Mariana Treviño Ortiz (born 21 November 1977) is a Mexican stage and screen actress from Monterrey. She became known to a wider domestic audience through her role as Lupita in the popular jukebox musical Mentiras, which she played in over a thousand performances. Following the success of Mentiras, Treviño went on to appear in Mexican comedy films such as No sé si cortarme las venas o dejármelas largas (2013) and Amor de Mis Amores (2014).

Tales of an Immoral Couple
Tales of an Immoral Couple (Spanish: La vida inmoral de la pareja ideal) is a 2016 Mexican romantic comedy written and directed by Manolo Caro. The film stars Cecilia Suárez, Ximena Romo, Manuel García Rulfo, and Sebastián Aguirre.
Prime Minister of Turkey
The prime minister of Turkey, officially the prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı), was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Turkish Parliament and presided over the cabinet. Throughout the political history of Turkey, functions and powers of the post have changed occasionally. Prior to its dissolution as a result of the 2017 Constitutional Referendum, the holder of the premiership was generally the dominant figure in Turkish politics, outweighing the president.

Cabinet of Turkey
The Cabinet of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Kabinesi) or Presidential Cabinet (Turkish: Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kabinesi) is the body that advises the President of Turkey on executive affairs. It is composed of the President, Vice President and the heads of the ministries. After the Council of Ministers was abolished with 2017 constitutional referendum, the Cabinet now acts as an informal advisory forum as all its powers and functions were vested to the President.

According to the Turkish constitution, ministers cannot be a member of parliament due to separation of powers.
Comptroller and Auditor General (United Kingdom)
The comptroller and auditor general (C&AG) in the United Kingdom is the government official responsible for supervising the quality of public accounting and financial reporting. The C&AG is an officer of the House of Commons who is the head of the National Audit Office, the body that scrutinises central government expenditure.

Under the Budget Responsibility and National Audit Act 2011, the C&AG is appointed by the monarch by letters patent upon an address of the House of Commons presented by the Prime Minister with the agreement of the Chair of the Public Accounts Committee. The C&AG can be removed from office, also by the monarch, only upon an address of both Houses of Parliament.

The full title of the office is Comptroller General of the Receipt and Issue of His Majesty's Exchequer and Auditor General of Public Accounts.

The current C&AG is Gareth Davies.

Auditor General for Scotland
The auditor general for Scotland (AGS) is the public official in charge of the Audit Scotland, the body responsible for auditing most of Scottish public bodies, except local authorities. The auditor general oversees the scrutiny of how public money is spent by the directorates of the Scottish Government, government agencies, NHS Scotland, further education colleges and most Non Departmental Public Bodies. The current auditor general is Stephen Boyle.
Alexander Viets Griswold
Alexander Viets Griswold (April 22, 1766 – February 15, 1843) was the 5th Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States from 1836 until 1843. He was also the Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, which included all of New England with the exception of the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut. Griswold was an evangelical Episcopalian.

Evangelical Anglicanism
Evangelical Anglicanism or Evangelical Episcopalianism is a tradition or church party within Anglicanism that shares affinity with broader evangelicalism. Evangelical Anglicans share with other evangelicals the attributes of "conversionism, activism, biblicism and crucicentrism" identified by historian David Bebbington as central to evangelical identity. The emergence of evangelical churchmanship can be traced back to the First Great Awakening in America and the Evangelical Revival in Britain in the 18th century. In the 20th century, prominent figures have included John Stott and J. I. Packer.

In contrast to the high-church party, evangelicals emphasize experiential religion of the heart over the importance of liturgical forms. As a result, evangelicals are often described as being low church, but these terms are not always interchangeable because low church can also describe individuals or groups that are not evangelical.
Émile Danco
Émile Danco (29 November 1869 - 5 June 1898) was a Belgian polar explorer.

He was a lieutenant in the Belgian artillery and trained at the Royal Military Academy in Brussels, Belgium. He was a personal friend of Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery and became the first recruit for the Belgian Antarctic Expedition aboard the Belgica.

Danco took part in several excursions during the first period in Antarctica, notably in early February 1898, when he joined de Gerlache, Amundsen, Cook and Arctowski on the expedition’s first camping trip, to an island west of the Antarctic Peninsula they named Brabant Island.  He served as the geophysicist for the expedition, which became the first to overwinter in Antarctica. Émile Danco died of a heart condition aboard the Belgica on 5 June, 1898. His observations and work were taken up by Georges Lecointe, the Belgica's second in command.

Belgian Antarctic Expedition
The Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899 was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region. Led by Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery aboard the RV Belgica, it was the first Belgian Antarctic expedition and is considered the first expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Among its members were Frederick Cook and Roald Amundsen, explorers who would later attempt the respective conquests of the North and South Poles.
Track gauge in Ireland
The track gauge adopted by the mainline railways in Ireland is 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in). This unusually broad track gauge is otherwise found only in Australia (where it was introduced by the Irish railway engineer F. W. Sheilds), in the states of Victoria, southern New South Wales (via some extensions of the Victorian rail network) and South Australia, as well as in Brazil.

The Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway used this gauge between 1840 and 1855, as did the Canterbury Provincial Railways in New Zealand, until conversion to the 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge in the 1860s.  The Launceston and Western Railway in Tasmania also used this gauge from 1871, until conversion to 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge in 1888.

Railway Regulation (Gauge) Act 1846
The Railway Regulation (Gauge) Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. 57) or the Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846 or the Gauge of Railways Act 1846 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that was designed to standardise railway tracks. It was granted royal assent on 18 August 1846, and mandated that the track gauge – which was the distance between the two running rails' inner faces – of 4 feet 81⁄2 inches to be the standard for Great Britain and 5 feet 3 inches to be the standard for Ireland.
Holly Mae Brood
Holly Mae Brood (born 25 November 1994) is a Dutch actress and presenter. She is best known for her role as Amy Kortenaer in the soap opera Goede tijden, slechte tijden and the spin-off series Nieuwe Tijden. She is also known as co-host of the Dutch/Flemish version of Love Island. Musician Herman Brood was her stepfather.

De Verraders
De Verraders (Dutch for 'The Traitors') is a Dutch reality game show broadcast by RTL 4 which premiered in 2021. The format of the show, presented by Tijl Beckand, is similar to the party game Mafia. The first and second seasons took place at and around Erenstein Castle in Kerkrade, the Netherlands, while the third, fourth, and fifth seasons were filmed in France. The sixth season was filmed in Belgium.
Frank–Tamm formula
The Frank–Tamm formula yields the amount of Cherenkov radiation emitted on a given frequency as a charged particle moves through a medium at superluminal velocity. It is named for Russian physicists Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm who developed the theory of the Cherenkov effect in 1937, for which they were awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958.

When a charged particle moves faster than the phase speed of light in a medium, electrons interacting  with the particle can emit coherent photons while conserving energy and momentum. This process can be viewed as a decay. See Cherenkov radiation and nonradiation condition for an explanation of this effect.

Ilya Frank
Ilya Mikhailovich Frank (Russian: Илья Михайлович Франк; 23 October 1908 – 22 June 1990) was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. He received the award for his work in explaining the phenomenon of Cherenkov radiation. He received the Stalin prize in 1946 and 1953 and the USSR state prize in 1971.
Wallcreeper
The wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria) is a small passerine bird found throughout the high mountains of the Palearctic from southern Europe to central China. It is the only extant member of both the genus Tichodroma and the family Tichodromidae.

Treecreeper
The treecreepers are a family, Certhiidae, of small passerine birds, widespread in wooded regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The family contains nine species in one genus, Certhia. Their plumage is dull-coloured. As their name implies, they climb over the vertical surfaces of trees in search of food.
James Ford Rhodes High School
James Ford Rhodes High School is located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, in the west-side neighborhood known as Old Brooklyn.  It is part of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District and is commonly referred to as "Rhodes High School."

The school was named for the American industrialist and historian James Ford Rhodes.

Old Brooklyn
Old Brooklyn is a neighborhood on the West Side of Cleveland, Ohio, United States, located approximately five miles south of downtown Cleveland.  It extends east-to-west from the Cuyahoga River to the city of Brooklyn and north-to-south from the Brookside Park Valley to the city of Parma. It is home to the Cleveland Metroparks, including the Cleveland Zoo; the Jesse Owens tree at James Ford Rhodes High School; and the Benjamin Franklin Community Garden, the largest urban community garden in Cuyahoga County. Old Brooklyn has recently adopted the slogan "Old Brooklyn, a great place to grow" to commemorate its history and potential growth.