hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johnstown, Ohio
Johnstown is a city in Licking County, Ohio, United States. The population was 5,182 at the 2020 census and was estimated to be 5,310 in 2023. The city is most notable for the finding of a nearly complete mastodon skeleton under the city.

Licking County, Ohio
Licking County is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. At the 2020 census, the population was 178,519. Its county seat is Newark. The county was formed on January 30, 1808, from portions of Fairfield County.

It is named after the Licking River, which is thought to be named for the salt licks that were in the area. However, one account explains it as an English pronunciation of the river's indigenous Delaware name W'li/'ik'/nk, which means "where the flood waters recede".

Licking County is part of the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
David Baulcombe
Sir David Charles Baulcombe (born 7 April 1952) is a British plant scientist and geneticist. As of October 2024 he was Head of Group, Gene Expression, in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Cambridge, and the Edward Penley Abraham Royal Society Research Professor and Regius Professor of Botany Emeritus at Cambridge. He held the Regius botany chair in that department from 2007 to 2020..

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge
52°12′10″N 0°07′17″E﻿ / ﻿52.202896°N 0.12150384°E﻿ / 52.202896; 0.12150384

The Department of Plant Sciences is a department of the University of Cambridge that conducts research and teaching in plant sciences. It was established in 1904, although the university has had a professor of botany since 1724.
Lawrence Coates
Lawrence Coates is a novelist and current director of Bowling Green University's Master of Fine Arts program in creative writing.

Coates was educated at El Cerrito High School, University of California at Santa Cruz and University of Utah. He has also taught at Lycée Charlemagne and Southern Utah University.

El Cerrito High School
El Cerrito High School is a four-year public high school in the West Contra Costa Unified School District. It is located on Ashbury Avenue in El Cerrito, California, United States and serves students from El Cerrito, a portion of eastern Richmond (east of Interstate 80 and south of San Pablo Dam Road) and the unincorporated communities of East Richmond Heights and Kensington.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,476 students and 66.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 22.36:1. There were 480 students (32.5% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 104 (7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
Gubei, Shanghai
Gubei (Chinese: 古北; Shanghainese: ku2poh4; Mandarin pinyin: Gǔběi) is an affluent residential area located in Changning District, Shanghai and covers an area of 136.6 hectares (338 acres). Gubei is best known as an enclave of East Asian expatriates in Shanghai, including those from Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. As a result, Gubei is sometimes informally referred to as "Little Tokyo", "Little Taipei" or "K-town". Gubei has a Koreatown neighborhood. Gubei also has a significant number of expatriates from Europe and North America. Administratively, it comprises two residential communities (居委会). Despite its distinct identity, Gubei itself is not an independent administrative unit. Key residential communities in Gubei include: Gubei Xincheng (古北新城), Gubei Hongyuan (古北虹苑), Ronghua Residential Committee (荣华居委会), Huashan Residential Committee (华山居委会)

Japantown
Japantown (日本人街) is a common name for Japanese communities in cities and towns outside Japan. Alternatively, a Japantown may be called J-town, Little Tokyo or Nihonmachi (日本町), the first two being common names for  Japantown, San Francisco, Japantown, San Jose and Little Tokyo, Los Angeles.
Maria Kozic
Maria Kozic (born 10 August 1957) is an Australian feminist painter, sculptor, designer, musician, and video artist originally from Melbourne, who currently lives and works in Brooklyn, New York City. Kozic came to prominence as a member of the Philip Brophy-led experimental art collective → ↑ →, before establishing herself as a leading member of Australia's avant-garde and conceptual art movements in the 1980s and 1990s.

Tsk Tsk Tsk
→ ↑ → (pronounced as three clicks, often written incorrectly as Tsk Tsk Tsk or Tch Tch Tch) was an Australian music, art and performance group, best known for their experimental music. They formed in Melbourne in 1977 and were led by Philip Brophy. The group performed music, produced artwork, films, videos, live theatre, multi-media, and wrote literature.
Gottfried Schultz
Gottfried Schultz GmbH, based in Ratingen, is the largest dealer for the automotive brands owned by Volkswagen Group. The company employs approximately 1,900 people in 26 plants. It distributes and services cars of the marques Volkswagen, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Audi, SEAT, Škoda, Bentley, Porsche and Bugatti.

Ratingen
Ratingen (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːtɪŋən] ⓘ; Limburgish: Rotinge) is a town in the district of Mettmann in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies in the northwestern part of Berg about 12 km northeast of Düsseldorf.
George West, Texas
George West is a city in Live Oak County, Texas, United States, and named for cattle rancher George Washington West. The population was 2,171 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Live Oak County. George West was named the "storytelling capital of Texas" in 2005 by the Texas Senate; and it hosts the George West Storyfest, a festival that features storytelling, cowboy poetry, and music. Numerous ranches surround George West.

The Texas author and folklorist J. Frank Dobie was born in Live Oak County near George West in 1888. Former State Senator Cyndi Taylor Krier, also the administrative judge of Bexar County, was reared near George West in the unincorporated community of Dinero.

Dinero, Texas
Dinero is an unincorporated community in eastern Live Oak County, Texas, United States.  It lies along local roads south of Interstate 37, southeast of the city of George West, the county seat.  Its elevation is 112 feet (34m). It once had a post office, but it was shut down in 2008 and the 78350 zip code removed.

Former State Senator Cyndi Taylor Krier spent part of her girlhood in Dinero, where her maternal grandfather and then her grandmother were the postmasters, long before the closing of the facility.
2013–14 Segunda División B
The 2013–14 Segunda División B season was the 37th since its establishment. The first matches of the season were played on 25 August 2013, and the season ended on 22 June 2014 with the promotion play-off finals.

Córdoba CF B
Córdoba Club de Fútbol "B" is a Spanish football team based in Córdoba, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1951 as Club Atlético Almagro, it is the reserve team of Córdoba CF and currently plays in Tercera Federación – Group 10, holding home games at Ciudad Deportiva Rafael Gómez, with a 3,000-seat capacity.
1988 African Badminton Championships
The 1988 African Badminton Championships was a continental stage tournament to crown the best badminton squads and players in Africa. The tournament took place from 7 to 13 August 1988 at the National Stadium in Lagos, Nigeria.

Tanzania national badminton team
The Tanzania national badminton team (Swahili: Timu ya taifa ya Tanzania ya mchezo wa badminton) represents Tanzania in international badminton team competitions. Tanzania is one of the first seven founding nations of the Badminton Confederation of Africa. In the 1990s Tanzanian players have made numerous achievements in the African stage, winning two bronze medals at the 1992 African Badminton Championships.

Since the 2000s, the team became inactive from international team tournaments due to insufficient funds which impacted Tanzanian badminton's decrease in popularity. Many regional badminton tournaments, such as the Nyerere Badminton Championships and the Dar Cup have been hosted to revive badminton in Tanzania. As of 2022, the national team along with its association is still inactive.
Debtor and Creditor (play)
Debtor and Creditor is an 1814 comedy play by the British writer James Kenney. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London's West End on 20 April 1814. The original cast included Daniel Terry as Churlton, William Abbot as Etherington, William Blanchard as Average, John Liston as Gosling, John Emery as  Sampson Miller, William Chapman as Hammond and Jane Powell as Mrs. Wallis. It marked the final performance on the London stage of Dorothea Jordan who played Barbara.

William Chapman (actor)
William Chapman was a British stage actor active in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century. Considerable uncertainly exists about his early biography, but he became an established performer in London's West End at the major theatres Covent Garden, Drury Lane and Haymarket. Considerable crossover may exist with other actors of the era named Chapman.
Pieter Caland
Pieter Caland (Zierikzee, 23 July 1826 – Wageningen, 12 July 1902) was a Dutch civil engineer in the service of the Rijkswaterstaat. He devised the plan for the Nieuwe Waterweg and implemented it from 1864 to 1872.

This visionary project was not without problems and setbacks. Part of the canal had to be dug through wide dunes and special provisions were made for the siting of the channel counter, leading it to run over-time and over-budget and causing Caland to be criticised. However, the new canal caused a boom in trade into Rotterdam and thus fully justified its costs.

Caland was married to Helena Carolina (née de Jong) with whom he had a son, Willem. Willem later became a linguist and Indologist, best known for the Caland system which describes the derivational morphology of some Proto-Indo-European words.

Nieuwe Waterweg
51°56′31″N 4°11′29″E﻿ / ﻿51.94194°N 4.19139°E﻿ / 51.94194; 4.19139

The Nieuwe Waterweg ("New Waterway") is a ship canal in the Netherlands from het Scheur (a branch of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta) west of the town of Maassluis to the North Sea at Hook of Holland: the Maasmond, where the Nieuwe Waterweg connects to the Maasgeul. It is the artificial mouth of the river Rhine.

The Nieuwe Waterweg, which opened in 1872 and has a length of approximately 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi), was constructed to keep the city and port of Rotterdam accessible to seafaring vessels as the natural Meuse-Rhine branches silted up. The Waterway is a busy shipping route since it is the primary access to one of the busiest ports in the world, the Port of Rotterdam. At the entrance to the sea, a flood protection system called Maeslantkering has been installed (completed in 1997). There are no bridges or tunnels across the Nieuwe Waterweg.
Bill Lee (yacht designer)
Bill Lee is the designer of noted ocean racing yachts, and one of the founders of the Santa Cruz school of boatbuilding. Known to many as the Wizard, Lee's designs achieved notoriety in the 1970s, with Chutzpah and Merlin having won the Transpacific Yacht Race from Los Angeles to Honolulu many times. Merlin set and held the course record between 1977 and 1997, making the 1977 crossing in only 8 days, 11 hours and 1 minute.

Transpacific Yacht Race
The Transpacific Yacht Race (Transpac) is a biennial offshore yacht race held in odd-numbered years starting off the Pt. Fermin buoy in San Pedro, California and ending off Diamond Head in Hawaii, a distance of around 2,225 nautical miles (2,560 mi; 4,121 km). In even-numbered years the Pacific Cup race starts out of San Francisco and is run by the Pacific Cup Yacht Club. Started in 1906 by Clarence W. Macfarlane and hosted by the Los Angeles Yacht Club, it is one of yachting's premier offshore races and attracts entrants from all over the world. The race is organized by the Transpacific Yacht Club.

The race is famous for fast downwind sailing under spinnaker in the trade winds.
Magnetic isotope effect
Magnetic isotope effects arise when a chemical reaction involves spin-selective processes, such as the radical pair mechanism. The result is that some isotopes react preferentially, depending on their nuclear spin quantum number I. This is in contrast to more familiar mass-dependent isotope effects.

Kinetic isotope effect
In physical organic chemistry, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. Formally, it is the ratio of rate constants for the reactions involving the light (kL) and the heavy (kH) isotopically substituted reactants (isotopologues): KIE = kL/kH.

This change in reaction rate is a quantum effect that occurs mainly because heavier isotopologues have lower vibrational frequencies than their lighter counterparts. In most cases, this implies a greater energy input needed for heavier isotopologues to reach the transition state (or, in rare cases, dissociation limit), and therefore, a slower reaction rate. The study of KIEs can help elucidate reaction mechanisms, and is occasionally exploited in drug development to improve unfavorable pharmacokinetics by protecting metabolically vulnerable C-H bonds.
Billy Tipton
Billy Lee Tipton (December 29, 1914 – January 21, 1989) was an American jazz musician, bandleader, and talent broker. He is notable for having been posthumously outed as a transgender man.

Tipton's music career began in the mid-1930s when he led a band for radio broadcasts. He played in various dance bands in the 1940s and recorded two trio albums for a small record label in the mid-1950s. Thereafter, he worked as a talent broker. He stopped performing in the late 1970s due to arthritis.

Tipton lived and identified as male for most of his adult life. After his death in 1989, paramedics discovered he was assigned female at birth, to the surprise of his friends and family. Tabloids and national newspapers picked up the story, scandalously reporting that "he was a she".

Tipton is considered a prominent figure in transgender history in the United States. His story inspired various fictional retellings, including the 1998 novel Trumpet, and a 2020 documentary film, No Ordinary Man.

Transgender history in the United States
Historical accounts of transgender people in the land now known as the United States of America date back to at least the early 1600s. Before Western contact, some Native American tribes had third gender people whose social roles varied from tribe to tribe. People dressing and living differently from the gender roles typical of their sex assigned at birth and contributing to various aspects of American history and culture have been documented from the 17th century to the present day. In the 20th and 21st centuries, advances in gender-affirming surgery as well as transgender activism have influenced transgender life and the popular perception of transgender people in the United States.
Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta
Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta (1780–1842) was a Spanish Franciscan missionary and linguist notable for his work on native languages.

Arroyo de la Cuesta was born in Cubo de Bureba, Burgos, Spain in 1780. He arrived in the Spanish territory of Alta California in 1808 and worked at the Mission San Juan Bautista in California from 1808 to 1833. He studied and wrote numerous works on the languages of the region including Costanoan, Mutsun, and Yokuts.

In 1833, Arroyo de la Cuesta handed the work of San Juan Bautista over to Zacatean Franciscans. He then worked in a number of other Central California missions including San Luis Obispo, San Miguel, La Purísima, and Santa Inés. He died in Santa Inés on 20 September 1842.

Mission San Juan Bautista
Mission San Juan Bautista is a Spanish mission in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California. Founded on June 24, 1797, by Fermín de Lasuén of the Franciscan order, the mission was the fifteenth of the Spanish missions established in present-day California. Named for Saint John the Baptist, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Juan Bautista.

Barracks for the soldiers, a nunnery, the Jose Castro House, the Plaza Hotel and other buildings were constructed around a large grassy plaza in front of the church and can be seen today in their original form. The Ohlone, the original residents of the valley, were brought to live at the mission and baptized, followed by Yokuts from the Central Valley. Mission San Juan Bautista has served mass daily since 1797, and today functions as a parish church of the Diocese of Monterey.
Kenichi Matsuyama
Kenichi Matsuyama (松山 ケンイチ, Matsuyama Ken'ichi; born March 5, 1985) is a Japanese actor. He is known for his affinity for strange character roles, and he is best known internationally for playing L in the 2006 films Death Note, Death Note 2: The Last Name and L: Change the World in 2008. He was cast to play lead character Toru Watanabe in the film adaptation of Haruki Murakami's novel Norwegian Wood, which was released in December 2010.

His stage name uses the katakana spelling of his first name (ケンイチ) instead of the usual kanji (研一).

He graduated from Tokyo Metropolitan Toyama High School.

Norwegian Wood (film)
Norwegian Wood (ノルウェイの森, Noruwei no Mori) is a 2010 Japanese romantic drama film written and directed by Tran Anh Hung, based on the 1987 novel by Haruki Murakami. It was released in Japan on 11 December 2010. The score was composed by Jonny Greenwood.
Tony Charmoli
Tony Charmoli (June 11, 1921 – August 7, 2020) was an American dancer, choreographer, and director. He began dancing on Broadway in such shows as Make Mine Manhattan but soon began choreographing for television with Stop the Music in 1949. Charmoli then choreographed dance sequences for the popular Your Hit Parade, winning his first Emmy Award in 1956. He went on to  direct and choreograph for some of the biggest stars including Dinah Shore, Lily Tomlin, Danny Kaye, Julie Andrews, Cyd Charisse, Shirley MacLaine, Mitzi Gaynor, Lucille Ball, and others. On Broadway, Tony choreographed Ankles Aweigh (1955) and Woman of the Year (1981) with Lauren Bacall. Over his career, he was nominated for fifteen Emmy awards and won three.

Ankles Aweigh
Ankles Aweigh is a musical with a book by Guy Bolton and Eddie Davis, lyrics by Dan Shapiro, and music by Sammy Fain. The plot involves Hollywood starlet Wynne, who secretly marries a Navy pilot while filming a movie in Sicily.  She disguises herself as a sailor and stows away on his ship to grab a covert honeymoon. They get mixed up with an espionage ring.

The original Broadway production opened April 18, 1955, and ran for 176 performances, but lost money.
Villanova station (SEPTA Metro)
Villanova station is a SEPTA Metro rapid transit station near the campus of Villanova University in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. It serves the Norristown High Speed Line (Route 100). All trains stop at Villanova. The station lies 7 track miles (11 km) from 69th Street Transit Center. The station has off-street parking available.

Villanova station lies east of the former Strafford Spur, which was closed by the Philadelphia and Western Railroad in 1956. The former right of way between Strafford and Radnor serves as the P&W Bicycle Trail.

SEPTA Metro
SEPTA Metro is an urban rail transit network in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The network includes two rapid transit lines, a light rail system with five branches, a streetcar line, a light rail line with two services, and an interurban/light metro line, totaling 78 miles (126 km) of rail service.

Although some of Philadelphia's transit lines date to the 19th century and the SEPTA agency began operations in 1965, the transit network itself had no formal name until 2024, when it was named "SEPTA Metro" as part of an effort to make the system easier to navigate. The effort replaced each line's name with a single letter, plus a number to denote various service patterns.
Classification of the Indigenous languages of the Americas
This is a list of different language classification proposals developed for the Indigenous languages of the Americas or Amerindian languages. The article is divided into North, Central, and South America sections; however, the classifications do not correspond to these divisions.

Lyle Campbell
Lyle Richard Campbell (born October 22, 1942) is an American scholar and linguist known for his studies of indigenous American languages, especially those of Central America, and on historical linguistics in general.  Campbell is professor emeritus of linguistics at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
Kimura spider
Heptathela kimurai, the Kimura spider, or kimura-gumo (in Japanese), is an Old World spider, found primarily in Japan and named after Arika Kimura, who collected it in 1920. It belongs to the sub-order Mesothelae (primitive burrowing spiders) and can reach up to 3 cm in length. Its burrows are covered by a camouflaged "pill box" flap.

Mesothelae
The Mesothelae are a suborder of spiders (order Araneae). The division of extant members of the suborder into families has varied. A single extant family Liphistiidae may be accepted, with two subfamilies: Liphistiinae, containing only the genus Liphistius, and Heptathelinae, with seven genera. Alternatively, the two subfamilies may be treated as separate families, Liphistiidae and Heptathelidae. As of November 2025, the World Spider Catalog accepted the single family approach. There are also a number of extinct families.

This suborder is thought to form the sister group to all other living spiders, and to retain ancestral characters, such as a segmented abdomen with spinnerets in the middle and two pairs of book lungs. Extant members of the Mesothelae are medium to large spiders with eight eyes grouped on a tubercle. They are found only in China, Japan, and southeast Asia. The oldest known Mesothelae spiders are from the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago.
Gospel of the Seventy
The Gospel of the Seventy is a lost text from the New Testament apocrypha. The title of the text refers to the number of disciples sent by Jesus to preach in Luke's Gospel (quoted in some manuscripts as 72).

The only surviving reference to the text is in the writings of al-Biruni.

The Manicheans appear to have referred to the Gospel of Mani by this title, and as such it may be the same text.

New Testament apocrypha
The New Testament apocrypha (singular apocryphon) are a number of writings by early Christians that give accounts of Jesus and his teachings, the nature of God, or the teachings of his apostles and of their lives. Some of these writings were cited as scripture by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the 27 books of the modern canon. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches generally do not view the New Testament apocrypha as part of the Bible.
SFK Vrchovina Nové Město na Moravě
SFK Nové Město na Moravě is a Czech football club located in the town of Nové Město na Moravě in the Vysočina Region. In the 2017–18 season the club was promoted from the Czech Fourth Division and played in the Moravian–Silesian Football League, which is the third tier of the Czech football system, from 2018 to 2023. In the 2024–25 season the club was promoted again from the Czech Fourth Division to the Moravian–Silesian Football League.

Nové Město na Moravě
Nové Město na Moravě (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnovɛː ˈmɲɛsto ˈna moravjɛ] ⓘ; German: Neustadt in Mähren) is a town in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,800 inhabitants. Located in the Křižanov Highlands, Nové Město na Moravě is a winter sports resort, known primarily for hosting biathlon competitions.

Among the most important feudal owners of the town was the Pernštejn family, during whose rule in the 16th century the town experienced its greatest prosperity. The historic town centre with Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical houses is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.