hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cliff Jones (rugby union)
Clifford 'Cliff' William Jones OBE (12 March 1914 – 27 November 1990) was a Welsh international rugby union fly-half who played club rugby for many teams but is most associated with Cardiff and Cambridge University. Jones was known as a quick and elusive runner, but was also noted for his numerous injuries which limited his international and club appearances.

Cambridge University R.U.F.C.
The Cambridge University Rugby Union Football Club, sometimes abbreviated "CURUFC", is the rugby union club of the University of Cambridge. The team plays Oxford University RFC in the annual Varsity Match at Twickenham Stadium every December.

Cambridge players wear light blue and white hooped jerseys with a red lion crest. Many have gone on to represent their country and the British and Irish Lions; a few, most notably Dan Vickerman, James Horwill and Flip van der Merwe, have represented Cambridge after successful international careers. While at the University of Cambridge James Bevan became the first captain of the Wales national rugby union team. The CURUFC stadium is located in West Cambridge, beside Grange Road.
Malaga, New Mexico
Malaga is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Eddy County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 147 as of the 2010 census. Malaga has a post office with ZIP code 88263. U.S. Route 285 passes through the community. Formerly known as Kirkwell, Malaga was founded in the 1890s by Swiss immigrants and was named after the Spanish city of Málaga. Italian laborers were recruited to farm the area, and many settled in Malaga.

It is within the Carlsbad Municipal School District, which operates Carlsbad High School.

Malaga is on the Pecos Highway approximately 18 miles southeast of Carlsbad. The Pecos River flows past two miles east of the community.

Eddy County, New Mexico
Eddy County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,314. Its county seat and largest city is Carlsbad. The county was created in 1891 and later organized in 1892. It is north of the Texas state line.

Eddy County comprises the Carlsbad-Artesia, NM Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park is located in this county. Eddy County is the location of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.
Chris Olah
Chris Olah is a machine learning researcher and a co-founder of Anthropic. He is known for his work on neural network interpretability, particularly mechanistic interpretability, and for research and tools that visualize internal representations in neural networks.

Mechanistic interpretability
Mechanistic interpretability (often abbreviated as mech interp, mechinterp, or MI) is a subfield of research within explainable artificial intelligence that aims to understand the internal workings of neural networks by analyzing the mechanisms present in their computations. The approach seeks to analyze neural networks in a manner similar to how binary computer programs can be reverse-engineered to understand their functions.
Relief Society
The Relief Society is a philanthropic and educational women's organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It was founded in 1842 in Nauvoo, Illinois, United States, and has more than 7 million members in over 188 countries and territories. The Relief Society is often referred to by the church and others as "one of the oldest and largest women's organizations in the world."

Bishop (Latter Day Saints)
In the Latter Day Saint movement, a bishop is the highest office of the Aaronic priesthood. It is almost always held by one who holds the office of high priest in the Melchizedek priesthood. The Latter Day Saint concept of the office differs significantly from the role of bishops in other Christian denominations, being in some respects more analogous to a pastor or parish priest. Each bishop serves with two counselors, who together form a bishopric.

The role of a bishop varies in the different Latter Day Saint denominations; however, they derive from a common history.
Xenophile Records
Xenophile Records is a Nashville, Tennessee based sublabel of Green Linnet Records that specializes in world music  from Madagascar, Nigeria, Haiti, Chile, Argentina, Finland and other countries. The label was started in 1992 in Danbury, Connecticut by Wendy Newton as a subsidiary of Green Linnet.  In 2006, Newton sold Green Linnet and Xenophile to Digital Music Group, an aggregator of downloadable music. DMG sold the rights to manufacture and distribute Green Linnet and Xenophile physical compact discs to Compass Records.

Artists released under the Xenophile label include Inti-Illimani, Värttinä, Boukan Ginen, Sabri Brothers, Chief I. K. Dairo MBE, Dembo Konte, Milli Bermejo, Daniel Diaz (musician), John Santos, Conjunto Céspedes, Boca Livre, The Klezmatics, Simbi and Tarika.   The Xenophile catalog remains available through Compass/Green Linnet, which is based in Nashville.

The Klezmatics
The Klezmatics are an American klezmer music group based in New York City, who have achieved fame singing in several languages, most notably mixing older Yiddish tunes with other types of more contemporary music of differing origins. They have also recorded pieces in Aramaic and Bavarian.
Textfree
TextFree (formerly called Pinger and sometimes stylized as textfree) is a freemium mobile application and web service that allows users to send and receive text messages, as well as make and receive VoIP phone calls. TextFree was developed by American telecommunications provider Pinger, Inc. It was released in 2006.

TextFree states on its website that it has more than 130 million users (as of September 2022).

The mobile app runs on both iOS and Android devices, and there is a desktop version available for download on macOS and Windows. Users can also access TextFree's services online via a web browser.

Pinger
Pinger, Inc. is a US telecom provider for free texts, pictures, calls, and voicemails. Pinger was founded in 2005 by former Palm, Inc. managers Greg Woock (CEO of Pinger, Inc) and Joe Sipher.  The company is headquartered in San Jose, California.
Quantal theory of speech
The quantal theory of speech is a phonetic answer to one of the fundamental questions of phonology, specifically: if each language community is free to arbitrarily select a system of phonemes or segments, then why are the phoneme inventories of different languages so similar?   For example, almost all languages have the stop consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, and almost all have the vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/.  Other phonemes differ considerably among languages, but not nearly as much as they would if each language were free to choose arbitrarily.

Proposed by Ken Stevens at MIT, quantal theory formalizes the intuition that some speech sounds are easier to produce than others.  Sounds that are easier to reliably produce, in the formal way described below, are more common among the languages of the world; those that are harder to reliably produce are less common.

Kenneth N. Stevens
Kenneth Noble Stevens (March 24, 1924 – August 19, 2013) was the Clarence J. LeBel Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and professor of health sciences and technology at the research laboratory of electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Stevens was head of the speech communication group in MIT's research laboratory of electronics (RLE), and was one of the world's leading scientists in acoustic phonetics.

He was awarded the National Medal of Science from President Bill Clinton in 1999, and the IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award in 2004.

He died in 2013 from complications of Alzheimer's disease.
Opole, Minnesota
Opole is an unincorporated community in Brockway Township, Stearns County, Minnesota, United States.  The community is located along Stearns County Road 17 near 125th Avenue.  Stearns County Road 3 is also in the immediate area.  Nearby places include Holdingford, St. Stephen, and Rice.

Stearns County, Minnesota
Stearns County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,292. Its county seat and largest city is St. Cloud.

Included within the Minnesota Territory since 1849, the county was founded by European Americans in 1855. It was originally named for Isaac Ingalls Stevens, then renamed for Charles Thomas Stearns. Stearns County is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Combined Statistical Area.
Hemåt
Hemåt is a 1969 studio album by the Swedish psychedelic rock band Harvester.

Hemåt is the band's first and only release under the name "Harvester." A year after the release of Sov gott Rose-Marie the band shortened its name from "International Harvester" to "Harvester". The album is composed by musicians Bo Anders Persson, Thomas Tidholm,  Urban Yman, Kjell Westling, Arne Eriksson, Torbjörn Abelli, Thomas Gartz and  Ulla.
Hemåt continued its predecessor's move towards a nationalist music that was both politically and environmentally charged. The album was recorded in "Kafe Marx", a small cafe owned by the youth league of the Swedish Communist Party.

Träd, Gräs & Stenar
Träd, Gräs & Stenar ("Trees, Grass and Stones") is a Swedish rock band formed in 1969, from previous incarnations Pärson Sound, International Harvester and Harvester. The group was one of the front acts of the Swedish progg scene, although noticeably less political than their contemporary counterparts. Their sound has been described as raw, psych rock jam, by the writer David Pescovitz, who also notes the band would invite their audiences to improvise and collaborate.
Abbot Penny's Wall
Abbot Penny's Wall is a monastic boundary wall which once partially enclosed the grounds of Leicester Abbey. It stands in Abbey Park to the west of the City of Leicester, England. The wall was built around 1500 by John Penny, Abbot of Leicester from 1496 to 1509. It is a rare example of medieval English brickwork. Restored in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries, the wall is now in the care of Leicester City Council and is a Grade I listed structure and a scheduled monument.

Abbey Park, Leicester
Abbey Park is a public park in Leicester, England, through which the River Soar flows. It is owned and managed by Leicester City Council and is Leicester’s premier park. It opened in 1882 on the flood plain of the River Soar, and expanded in 1932 to include the area west of the river that had formerly been the medieval St Mary's Abbey, still bounded by large medieval walls. The park includes the archaeological sites of the Abbey and the ruins of Cavendish House, along with a wide range of decorative and recreational parkland features.

It is Grade II* listed in Historic England's Register of Parks and Gardens.
Thad Luckinbill
Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, from August 1999 to November 2010. He reprised the role of J.T. from December 2017 to April 2018, again in March 2019, and again in May 2023.
Since 2023, he has starred as CIA paramilitary officer Kyle McManus in the Taylor Sheridan spy thriller Lioness.

Lioness (American TV series)
Lioness, also marketed as Special Ops: Lioness, is an American spy thriller television series created by Taylor Sheridan that premiered on July 23, 2023, on Paramount+. The second season premiered on October 27, 2024. The series was renewed for a third season in August 2025.
Saint Anne (wall painting)
Saint Anne is a Makurian wall painting estimated to have been painted between the 8th and 9th centuries, painted al secco with tempera on plaster. The anonymous work was found at the Faras Cathedral within old Nubia in Faras Wadi Halfa present-day Sudan.

The painting was discovered by a Polish archaeological team during a campaign undertaken in the 1960s under the patronage of UNESCO (the Nubian Campaign) in Faras. Since 1964 the painting is in the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw. It is presented in Room VI of the Faras Gallery.

The image of Saint Anne has been used as a logo of the National Museum in Warsaw.

Faras Cathedral
Faras Cathedral was a cathedral in the Lower Nubian city of Faras. It was the original seat of the Diocese of Faras.

Nobadian rulers controlling the Nile Valley from the first to the third cataracts converted to Christianity around 548 AD influenced by  missionaries sent from Constantinople by the Empress Theodora. The first cathedral was erected in the 7th century, when the city was still known as Pachoras, and likely stood at the exact site where Polish archaeologists taking part in the Nubia Campaign discovered the subsequent 8th-century cathedral. The site was excavated by Polish archaeologists under Kazimierz Michałowski between 1960 and 1964.

Its wall paintings were salvaged  prior to the flooding of Lake Nasser and are today on display in the Polish National Museum in Warsaw in the Faras Gallery and in the Sudan National Museum in Khartoum. In addition, a major pottery works was found.
Manny Pacquiao vs. Jessie Vargas
Manny Pacquiao vs. Jessie Vargas, billed as The Legend/The Champ, was a boxing match contested on November 5, 2016, for the WBO and Lineal welterweight championship. The event took place at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. Pacquiao won the fight by unanimous decision and took the WBO welterweight title.

Thomas & Mack Center
The Thomas & Mack Center is a multi-purpose arena  on the campus of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in Paradise, Nevada. It is home of the UNLV Runnin' Rebels basketball team of the Mountain West Conference.
Annie Turner Wittenmyer
Annie Turner Wittenmyer (August 26, 1827 – February 2, 1900) was an American charitable organization leader, known for social reform, relief work, and her writing. She served as the first National President of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), seventh National President of the Woman's Relief Corps (WRC), and also served as president of the Non-Partisan National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. In 2007, Wittenmyer was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame.

Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home
The Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home, also known at the Annie Wittenmyer Home or the Annie Wittenmyer Center, located in Davenport, Iowa, is a former orphanage. The home was originally used for orphans from the American Civil War. Starting in 1876, children from broken homes, as well as orphans from all of Iowa's 99 counties, were taken in at the home. It is listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties and as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Tinta Carvalha
Tinta Carvalha is a red Portuguese wine grape variety that is widely planted throughout Portugal, most notably in the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province, due to its easy maintenance and high yield potential. It is primarily a blending grape that on its own tends to produce light bodied, undistinguished wines. It is an approved grape variety used in Port wine production as well as the non-fortified wines of the Chaves and Valpaços wine region.

Valpaços wine
Valpaços is a Portuguese wine region centered on the town of Valpaços in the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro region. The region was initially a separate Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) region, but in 2006, it became one of three subregions of the Trás-os-Montes DOC, which has the higher Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) status. Its name may still be indicated together with that of Trás-os-Montes, as Trás-os-Montes-Valpaços.
Located along the Tua River, the region is known for its slightly sparkling rosé.
Dick's Picks Volume 2
Dick's Picks Volume 2 is the second live album in the Dick's Picks series of releases by the Grateful Dead. It was recorded on Halloween night in 1971 at the Ohio Theatre in Columbus, Ohio. The album consists of the second set of the concert. It was released in March 1995, the last Grateful Dead album to be released before the death of Jerry Garcia.

Dick's Picks Volume 2 is the only one of the Dick's Picks that is a single CD.  The other albums in the series have either two, three, or four CDs, except for Dick's Picks Volume 29, which contains six CDs.

Dark Star (song)
"Dark Star" is a song by American rock band the Grateful Dead, released as a single by Warner Bros. Records in April 1968. It was written by lyricist Robert Hunter and composed by lead guitarist Jerry Garcia; however, compositional credit is sometimes extended to include Phil Lesh, Bill Kreutzmann, Mickey Hart, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, and Bob Weir. "Dark Star" was an early Grateful Dead classic, which the group often used as a vehicle for extended jam sessions during live performances. One such performance, lasting 23 minutes, was included on the Dead's breakthrough 1969 album Live/Dead and is the best-known version of the song. "Dark Star" is included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll list and was ranked at number 57 on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time.
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.

Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.

On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.

Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.

Samarkand Oblast
The Samarkand Oblast was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire between 1887 and 1924. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day central Uzbekistan and northwestern Tajikistan. It was created out of the northeastern part of the Emirate of Bukhara. It consisted of the uyezds of Samarkand (incl. cities Samarkand and Pendzhikent), Dzhizak (incl. city Dzhizak), Katta-Kurgan (incl. city Katta-Kurgan) and Khodzhent (incl. cities Khodzhent and Uratyube).
Potsdam (village), New York
Potsdam is a village located in the Town of Potsdam in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 8,312 at the 2020 census. The Village of Potsdam is in the eastern part of the town and is northeast of Canton, the county seat. The village is the locale of the State University of New York at Potsdam and Clarkson University.

St. Lawrence County, New York
St. Lawrence County is the northernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,505. The county seat is Canton.
The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River. This was as named by early French explorer Jacques Cartier for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome, as he visited the river on the saint's feast day. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

St. Lawrence County comprises the Ogdensburg-Massena, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area and is New York's largest county by area.
Khalil Suleiman
Khalil Suleiman (Arabic: خليل سليمان) (1943/1944 – 4 March 2002) was a Palestinian doctor and the head of the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) Emergency Medical Service in Jenin, Palestine. He was killed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in 2002 while traveling in an ambulance to rescue a wounded girl during the Second Intifada. The IDF stated that they fired on the ambulance because it was driving towards them at high speed, but eyewitnesses disputed this claim. A piece of the ambulance was included in the Jenin Horse, a monument constructed from scrap metal in 2003 and later dismantled by the IDF in 2023.

Jenin
32°27′40″N 35°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿32.46111°N 35.30000°E﻿ / 32.46111; 35.30000

Jenin (/ʒɪˈniːn/ zhin-EEN; Arabic: جنين, romanized: Jinīn, locally pronounced [ʒɪˈniːn] ⓘ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns. Jenin came under Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority as Area A of the West Bank, a Palestinian enclave, in 1995.

The city had a population of approximately 50,000 people in 2017, whilst the Jenin refugee camp had a population of about 10,000, housing families of Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1948 Palestine War. The camp has since become a stronghold of Palestinian militants, being the location of several incidents relating to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Huntington Township, Huntington County, Indiana
Huntington Township is one of twelve townships in Huntington County, Indiana.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 20,326, making it the most populous township in the county.

Huntington Township was organized in 1834.

Huntington County, Indiana
Huntington County is a county in the northeastern central part of the U.S. state of Indiana. According to the 2020 United States census, the population was 36,662. The county seat (and only city) is Huntington. Huntington County comprises the Huntington, Indiana micropolitan statistical area and is included in the Fort Wayne–Huntington–Auburn Combined Statistical Area.
Charles R. Bentley
Charles Raymond Bentley (December 23, 1929 – August 19, 2017) was an American glaciologist and geophysicist, born in Rochester, New York. He was a professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.  Mount Bentley and the Bentley Subglacial Trench in Antarctica are named after him. In 1957, he and a handful of other scientists including Mario Giovinetto set out on an expedition across West Antarctica in tracked vehicles to make the first measurements of the ice sheet.

He was awarded the Seligman Crystal by the International Glaciological Society in 1990. He died on August 19, 2017, at the age of 87 in Oakland, California.

Seligman Crystal
The Seligman Crystal is an award of the International Glaciological Society.

The prize is "awarded from time to time to one who has made an outstanding scientific contribution to glaciology so that the subject is now enriched" and named after Gerald Seligman.
Undertones of War
Undertones of War is a 1928 memoir of the First World War, written by English poet Edmund Blunden. As with two other famous war memoirs—Siegfried Sassoon's Sherston trilogy, and Robert Graves' Good-Bye to All That—Undertones represents Blunden's first prose publication, and was one of the earliest contributors to the flurry of Great War books to come out of England in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

Edmund Blunden
Edmund Charles Blunden CBE MC (1 November 1896 – 20 January 1974) was an English poet, author, and critic. Like his friend Siegfried Sassoon, he wrote of his experiences in World War I in both verse and prose. For most of his career, Blunden was also a reviewer for English publications and an academic in Tokyo and later Hong Kong. He ended his career as Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times.