hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agate, North Dakota
Agate is an unincorporated community in southeastern Rolette and western Towner counties in the U.S. state of North Dakota.  It lies along North Dakota Highway 66, south of Rolla and northwest of Cando, the respective seats of Rolette and Towner Counties.  Its elevation is 1,657 feet (505 m). Agate has the ZIP code 58310.

Towner County, North Dakota
Towner County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population is 2,162, and was estimated to be 2,051 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Cando. It is south of the Canada–US border with Manitoba.
The Bandito Tour
The Bandito Tour (stylized as THE BANDITØ TØUR) was the sixth concert tour by the American musical duo Twenty One Pilots, in support of their fifth studio album Trench (2018). The tour began at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee on October 16, 2018, and concluded at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago, Illinois on December 13, 2019. An additional tour date was scheduled for June 24, 2020, in Dublin, Ireland, before it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Jumpsuit (song)
"Jumpsuit" is a song written and recorded by the American musical duo Twenty One Pilots. It was released on July 11, 2018, as the first of the lead singles from their fifth studio album Trench (2018), alongside "Nico and the Niners". The track was nominated for Best Rock Song at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. Peaking at number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100, it is their fifth-highest-charting song, behind "Stressed Out", "Heathens", "Ride", and "Level of Concern".
Ceja Vineyards
Ceja Vineyards is a family-owned winery in Napa founded by Mexican-American immigrants. The Ceja family have been growers in the Napa and Sonoma valleys in California for three generations. The wine production company was founded in 1999 and focuses on premium wines. The principals are; Amelia Moran Ceja, President; Martha Ceja, Vice President; Pedro Ceja, Secretary; and Armando Ceja, Treasurer. As of 2008 production is around 10,000 cases per year.

Napa County, California
Napa County (/ˈnæpə/ ⓘ) is a county north of San Pablo Bay located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 138,019. The county seat is the City of Napa. Napa County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Parts of the county's territory were given to Lake County in 1861.

Napa County comprises the Napa, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is one of four North Bay counties.

Napa County, once the producer of many different crops, is known today for its regional wine industry. Napa County rose to the first rank of wine regions, along with France, when local wineries Stag's Leap Wine Cellars and Chateau Montelena won the "Judgment of Paris" in 1976.
Somers Town (film)
Somers Town is a 2008 British independent comedy-drama film directed by Shane Meadows, written by Paul Fraser and produced by Barnaby Spurrier. The film stars Thomas Turgoose, Piotr Jagiello, Kate Dickie, Perry Benson, and Elisa Lasowski. It was entirely funded by the train operating company Eurostar.

The film is a study of social environment in the Somers Town area of London, photographed mostly in black and white, except one scene which is in colour.

Elisa Lasowski
Elisa Wald-Lasowski (born 15 November 1984) is a French actress, most notable for her film and television work. She grew up in the Netherlands, Algeria and France. She is fluent in French, English, Spanish, Dutch, Japanese and German.
La Chorrera Army Airfield
La Chorrera Army Airfield is a former United States Army Air Forces World War II air base on Panama.  It was a sub-base of Albrook Field and later Howard Field which used for dispersal and overflow units as part of the defense of the Panama Canal.

Units assigned to the field were:

30th Pursuit (later Fighter) Squadron (37th Fighter Group), 24 November 1941 – 3 January 1943 (P-40 Warhawk)

31st Pursuit (later Fighter) Squadron (37th Fighter Group), 9–23 December 1941; 3 February-19 May 1942 (P-40 Warhawk)

24th Fighter Squadron (16th Fighter Group), 15 March–September 1942; 10Jan-28 May 1943 (P-39 Airacobra)

28th Fighter Squadron (37th Fighter Group),26 March-2 May 1942 (P-40 Warhawk)

15th Fighter Squadron (53d Fighter Group), 2 January-10 November 1942 (P-39 Airacobra)

53d Fighter Squadron  (32d Fighter Group), 7 January-8 June 1943 (P-40 Warhawk)

43d Fighter Squadron (XXVI Fighter Command), 6 April-29 August 1944 (P-39 Airacobra)

53rd Fighter Squadron
The 53rd Fighter Squadron (53 FS) is an active unit of the United States Air Force, stationed at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland. Assigned to the 495th Fighter Group, the squadron was last activated on 10 December 2021, as an associate unit to the 113th Wing's 121st Fighter Squadron. It was previously assigned to the 52nd Operations Group and stationed at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany, from where it operated the McDonnell Douglas F-15C/D Eagle until its inactivation on 31 March 1999.
Datu Piang, Maguindanao del Sur
Datu Piang, officially the Municipality of Datu Piang (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Datu Piang, Jawi:داتوڤياڠ
ايڠد نو; Tagalog: Bayan ng Datu Piang), is a municipality in the province of Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 28,380 people.

It is formerly known as Dulawan.

Maguindanao language
Maguindanaon (Basa Magindanawn, Jawi: باس مڬندنون‎), or Magindanawn  is an Austronesian language spoken by Maguindanaon people who form majority of the population of eponymous provinces of Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur in the Philippines. It is also spoken by sizable minorities in different parts of Mindanao such as the cities of Zamboanga, Davao, General Santos, and Cagayan de Oro, and the provinces of Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental, Bukidnon as well as Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Rizal and Laguna. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the ninth leading language spoken at home in the Philippines with only 365,032 households still speaking the language.
African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund
The African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund is a program formed in 2017 to aid stewards of Black cultural sites throughout the United States in preserving both physical landmarks, their material collections and associated narratives. It was organized under the auspices of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The initiative which awards grants to select applicants and advocates of Black history is led by architectural historian Brent Leggs. It is the largest program in America to preserve places associated with Black history and has currently raised over $150 million.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
Introduction (House of Lords)
The introduction is a ceremony in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom by which a new member is "introduced" to the existing membership. Introductions in the Lords are more elaborate than those in the House of Commons.

Introduction (British House of Commons)
In the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, members of the House elected at a by-election must be formally "introduced" to the House. (Members elected at a general election are not introduced.) The ceremony in the Commons is considerably simpler than those in the House of Lords.

By-elections are generally held on Thursdays, and the introduction in the afternoon of the Tuesday after the election. The new Member enters the Chamber along with two other members acting as "supporters" and bows to the Speaker. The Member and supporters then process to the Speaker's table, where the new Member takes the Oath of Allegiance or Solemn Affirmation. Then, the Member signs the Test Roll, at the top of which the Oath is written. Finally, the Member returns to sit along with the rest of his or her party.
Hoek Glacier
Hoek Glacier (66°0′S 65°4′W﻿ / ﻿66.000°S 65.067°W﻿ / -66.000; -65.067) is a glacier flowing into Dimitrov Cove northeast of Veshka Point on the northwest coast of Velingrad Peninsula on Graham Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica, southward of the Llanquihue Islands. It was charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Henry W. Hoek (1878–1951), a pioneer Swiss (formerly German) ski-mountaineer and author of one of the earliest skiing manuals.

Veshka Point
Veshka Point (Bulgarian: нос Вешка, ‘Nos Vishka’ \'nos 'vish-ka\) is the point projecting 1.4 km into Dimitrov Cove on the north coast of Velingrad Peninsula, Graham Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica, and separating the glacier termini of Hoek Glacier to the southwest and Rusalka Glacier to the northeast.  It is named after Veshka Peak in the Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria.
Helsinki Old Church
The Old Church of Helsinki (Finnish: Helsingin vanha kirkko, Swedish: Gamla kyrkan i Helsingfors), designed by Carl Ludvig Engel and completed in 1826, is an Evangelical Lutheran church in Helsinki. The oldest existing church in central Helsinki, the church was originally planned as a temporary building as the Ulrika Eleonora Church constructed in 1727 had become too small for the congregation and the new church, Helsinki Cathedral, would not be completed until 1852. However, the city's rapid population growth from the early 19th century onwards ensured that the church would remain needed, and also necessitated the construction of many other churches.

Carl Ludvig Engel
Carl Ludvig Engel or Johann Carl Ludwig Engel (3 July 1778 – 14 May 1840) was a German architect whose most noted work can be found in Helsinki, which he helped rebuild. His works include most of the buildings around the capital's monumental centre, the Senate Square and the buildings surrounding it. The buildings are Helsinki Cathedral, The Senate (now the Palace of the Council of State), the Helsinki City Hall, and the library and the main building of Helsinki University.
Burchnall–Chaundy theory
In mathematics, the Burchnall–Chaundy theory of commuting linear ordinary differential operators was introduced by Burchnall and  Chaundy (1923, 1928, 1931).

One of the main results says that two commuting differential operators satisfy a non-trivial algebraic relation.
The polynomial relating the two commuting differential operators is called the Burchnall–Chaundy polynomial.

Theodore William Chaundy
Theodore William Chaundy (19 January 1889 – 14 April 1966) was an English mathematician who introduced Burchnall–Chaundy theory.

Chaundy was born to widowed businessman John Chaundy and his second wife Sarah Pates in their shop-cum-home at 49 Broad Street in Oxford. John had eight children, one of whom died as a toddler, with his late first wife and died barely a year after Chaundy was born. The Chaundy home along Broad Street has since been demolished.

Chaundy attended Oxford High School for Boys and read mathematics at Balliol College, Oxford on a scholarship. In 1912 he became a lecturer at Oxford and later named a Fellow of Christ Church, Oxford. He married Hilda Weston Dott (1890–1986) in 1920. They had five children and thirteen grandchildren.
Ford Trimotor
The Ford Trimotor (also called the "Tri-Motor", and nicknamed the "Tin Goose") is an American three-engined transport aircraft. It made its first flight on June 11, 1926. Production started in 1925 by the companies of Henry Ford and ended on June 7, 1933, after 199 had been made. It was designed for the civil aviation market, but also saw service with military units.

Transcontinental Air Transport
Transcontinental Air Transport (T-A-T) was an airline founded in 1928 by Clement Melville Keys that merged in 1930 with Western Air Express to form what became TWA. Keys enlisted the help of Charles Lindbergh to design a transcontinental network to get government airmail contracts. Lindbergh established numerous airports across the country in this effort.
Morisita's overlap index
Morisita's overlap index, named after Masaaki Morisita, is a statistical measure of dispersion of individuals in a population.  It is used to compare overlap among samples (Morisita 1959).  This formula is based on the assumption that increasing the size of the samples will increase the diversity because it will include different habitats (i.e. different faunas).

Formula:

xi is the number of times species i is represented in the total X from one sample.

yi is the number of times species i is represented in the total Y from another sample.

Dx and Dy are the Simpson's index values for the x and y samples respectively.

S is the number of unique species

CD = 0 if the two samples do not overlap in terms of species, and CD = 1 if the species occur in the same proportions in both samples.

Horn's modification of the index is (Horn 1966):

Note, not to be confused with Morisita’s index of dispersion.

Masaaki Morisita
Masaaki Morisita (森下正明光) (27 January 1913 - 25 February 1997) was a Japanese ecologist and professor emeritus of animal ecology at Kyoto University. He is known as the father of population ecology in Japan. Morisita's overlap index and Morisita's index of dispersion are named after him.

In addition to his work on statistical ecology, he also studied the natural history of Japanese ants. With several other myrmecologists, he produced a complete catalogue of ants in Japan. Three species of ants are named after him (Pyramica morisitai, Proceratium morisitai , and Lasius morisitai).
Brown Buddies
Brown Buddies was a musical comedy staged with dancer Bill Bojangles and singer Adelaide Hall starring. It opened on Broadway at the Liberty Theatre where it ran for four months before commencing a road tour in the United States. Dubbed by the press "a musical comedy in sepia", the core of the music was composed by Millard Thomas. Songs by Shelton Brooks, Ned Reed, Porter Grainger, J. C. Johnson, J. Rosamond Johnson, George A. Little, Arthur Sizemore and Edward G. Nelson also featured. After an out-of-town try-out, the musical opened on October 7, 1930, at the Liberty Theatre, New York, where it ran a fairly solid run of 111 performances until January 10, 1931.

Adelaide Hall
Adelaide Louise Hall (20 October 1901 – 7 November 1993) was an American-born UK-based jazz singer and entertainer. Her career spanned more than 70 years from 1921 until her death. Early in her career, she was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance; she became based in the UK after 1938. Hall entered the Guinness Book of World Records in 2003 as the world's most enduring recording artist, having released material over eight consecutive decades. She performed with major artists such as Art Tatum, Ethel Waters, Josephine Baker, Louis Armstrong, Lena Horne, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, Cab Calloway, Fela Sowande, Rudy Vallee, and Jools Holland, and recorded as a jazz singer with Duke Ellington (with whom she made her most famous recording, "Creole Love Call" in 1927) and with Fats Waller.
Matzikama Local Municipality
Matzikama Municipality (Afrikaans: Matzikama Munisipaliteit) is a local municipality which governs the northernmost part of the Western Cape province of South Africa, including the towns of Vredendal, Vanrhynsdorp, Klawer and Lutzville, and the surrounding villages and rural areas. As of 2022, it had a population of 69,043. It forms part of the West Coast District Municipality, and its municipality code is WC011.

Matzikama is of Khoekhoe origin, the first people of South Africa. It contains the Khoekhoe language words ma which means "give", tsî which means "you", and ǁgamma which means "water", and loosely translates into "you that give water".

West Coast District Municipality
The West Coast District Municipality (Afrikaans: Weskus-distriksmunisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili 
soNxweme oluseNtshona) is a district municipality located in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its municipality code is DC1. Moorreesburg is the seat of the district. As of 2011, it had a total population of 391,766.
Sen. William P. Jackson House
Sen. William P. Jackson House was a historic home located at Salisbury, Wicomico County, Maryland. It was a 3+1⁄2-story Queen Anne frame house completed in 1893. It was torn down in November 1976, after a ten-year battle to save it.  It was built by United States Senator William P. Jackson.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

William P. Jackson
William Purnell Jackson (January 11, 1868 – March 7, 1939) was a Republican member of the United States Senate, representing the State of Maryland from 1912 to 1914.  His father, William Humphreys Jackson, was a U.S. Congressman from Maryland.
The Last Shot (1951 film)
The Last Shot (German: Der letzte Schuß) is a 1951 West German historical drama film directed by Franz Seitz and starring Angelika Hauff, Viktor Staal and Heinrich Gretler. Set in rural Southern Germany, it is part of the post-war genre of heimatfilm. It was made by a Munich-based independent company at the Bavaria Studios. It was produced by the director's son, Franz Seitz Jr. Location shooting took place around the Schliersee in Bavaria. The film's sets were designed by Ernst H. Albrecht and Arne Flekstad.

Ernst H. Albrecht
Ernst H. Albrecht (1906–1982) was a German art director. He worked on the sets of over eighty films during his career. He was employed mainly in Germany, but also worked on the Austrian film The Blue Star of the South in 1951.
Luke F. Burns
Luke Francis Burns (May 16, 1881 – August 27, 1956) was an American lawyer and politician.

Burns was born in Osman, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, and went to the Manitowoc, Wisconsin, schools. He went to University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, and University of Wisconsin Law School. Burns practiced law in Virginia, St. Louis County, Minnesota and served as the Virginia City Attorney and the Kinney Village Attorney. He also served as the attorney for the Virginia Board of Education. Burns was also admitted to the Wisconsin bar. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1943 and 1944. Burns died in a hospital in Wausau, Wisconsin, and was buried in Wausau, Wisconsin.

Virginia, Minnesota
Virginia is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. With an economy heavily reliant on large-scale iron ore mining, Virginia is considered the Mesabi Iron Range's commercial center. The population was 8,421 at the 2020 census. Virginia is a part of the Duluth metropolitan area, and U.S. Highway 53 runs through town.
Oak Openings Preserve Metropark
Oak Openings Preserve Metropark is a nature preserve located in Swanton Township, Ohio, owned and operated by Metroparks Toledo. Most of the park is an oak savanna ecosystem, characterized by alternating wetland and vegetated dunes.

The park hosts the Beuhner Center, an interactive nature center.  There are over fifty miles of trails in Oak Openings Preserve.

The park gets its name from the region in which it is located.  Oak Openings Preserve lies within the larger Oak Openings Region. The region hosts over 180 rare species of plants and animals. This is over one-third of all rare species found in the state of Ohio.

According to The Nature Conservancy, the Oak Openings Region is one of the 200 "Last Great Places on Earth".

Oak savanna
An oak savanna is a type of savanna (or lightly forested grassland), where oaks (Quercus spp.) are the dominant trees. It is also generally characterized by an understory that is lush with grass and herbaceous plants. The terms "oakery" or "woodlands" are also used commonly, though the former is more prevalent when referencing the Mediterranean area. Oak savannas typically exist in areas with low precipitation or high fire frequency and may feature poor soils. Predominant land uses include rangeland agriculture. Naturally, these savannas depend on natural wildfires (e.g. caused by lightning) to maintain their open vegetation.
Bailundo
12°11′45″S 15°51′20″E﻿ / ﻿12.19583°S 15.85556°E﻿ / -12.19583; 15.85556

Bailundo (pre-1975 Vila Teixeira da Silva) is a municipality, with a population of 294,494 (2014), and a town, with a population of 70,481 (2014), in the province of Huambo, Angola.

In the 1990s, Bailundo was the location of the headquarters of UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi.

On January 19, 2008, a Gira Globo Aeronáutica Beechcraft B200 Super King Air on approach to Huambo Airport in Huambo crashed on a mountain near Bailundo, killing all 13 people on board.

Located in Bailundo is the non-sovereign Kingdom of Bailundo. In 2021, Tchongolola Tchongonga was elected king of the Kingdom, to succeed Ekuikui IV who was deposed earlier in the same year. Kings are considered to be significant community leaders, and play important roles in local matters.

Huambo Airport
Huambo Airport (ICAO: FNNL) is a public use airport near the eastern edge of the city of Huambo in Huambo Province, Angola.

In a May 2016 aerial image, the coordinates show a narrow dirt road over-arched in several places by trees.

The full-services Albano Machado Airport (IATA: NOV, ICAO: FNHU) is 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) south of the FNNL location.
USS Knight
USS Knight (DD-633), a Gleaves-class destroyer, is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Admiral Austin M. Knight.

Knight was laid down on 18 March 1941, by Boston Navy Yard and launched on 27 September 1941 Liberty Fleet Day; sponsored by Miss Elizabeth H. Royal, granddaughter of Admiral Knight. The ship was commissioned on 23 June 1942.

Liberty Fleet Day
Liberty Fleet Day was first observed on 27 September 1941, the day that 14 merchant ships were launched in shipyards across the United States under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. Among the ships launched was the first Liberty ship, SS Patrick Henry. Some of the merchant ships were subsequently converted to other purposes, including as troop transports and a Royal Navy aircraft carrier. In addition to the merchant ships launched, the US Navy launched two destroyers at the Boston Navy Yard.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched the first liberty ship, SS Patrick Henry, at the yards of Bethlehem Steel, Baltimore, Maryland, giving a speech as he did so.  27 September became known as Victory Fleet Day during the United States' participation in World War II.
Houlgate battery
The Houlgate battery (also called the Battery de Tournebride) was a World War II German artillery battery constructed close to the French village of Houlgate in the Calvados department in the Lower Normandy region. Built into the top of a 300 ft (91 m) cliff, the bunker complex was created to protect the western bank of the mouth of the River Seine and was 10 mi (16 km) east of the Normandy landing beach Sword which it shelled. The former fire control post has been turned into an orientation table. The battery is 8 km west of the Mont Canisy battery.

Houlgate
Houlgate (French pronunciation: [ulɡat] ⓘ) is a small tourist resort in northwestern France along the English Channel with a beach and a casino. It is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region.