hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas G. Bowman
Thomas Gerald Bowman (born November 1, 1946) is an American political aide and retired Marine Corps Colonel who served as the United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs from August 10, 2017, to June 15, 2018, when he retired from active federal service.

Bowman received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Texas at Austin and his Juris Doctor from Western New England University. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 3, 2017.

Western New England University
Western New England University is a private university in Springfield, Massachusetts. Academic programs are provided through its College of Arts and Sciences, College of Business, College of Engineering, School of Law, and College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.

In recognition of its master's and doctoral programs, the institution officially changed its name from Western New England College to Western New England University on July 1, 2011. This marked the return of "university" to the school's name, exactly 60 years after separating from Northeastern University.  It had long been classified as a university.
Oxford Union
The Oxford Union Society is a debating society in the city of Oxford, England, whose membership is drawn primarily from the University of Oxford. Founded in 1823, it is one of Britain's oldest university unions and is widely considered as one of the world's most prestigious private students' societies. The Oxford Union exists independently from the university and is distinct from the Oxford University Student Union.

The Oxford Union has a tradition of hosting some of the world's most prominent individuals across politics, academia, and popular culture ranging from Albert Einstein and Elton John to Sir Winston Churchill, Ronald Reagan, Queen Elizabeth II and Mahathir Mohamad. Many former Presidents of the Union have gone on to hold high office in the UK and the Commonwealth including William Gladstone, Ted Heath, Boris Johnson, and Benazir Bhutto.

Yoseph Haddad
Yoseph Haddad (Arabic: يوسف حداد; Hebrew: יוסף חדאד; born (1985-09-03)3 September 1985) is an Arab-Israeli journalist and activist who advocates for Israel on social media and international speaking tours. He is the founder of Together – Vouch for Each Other which works to integrate Arab Israelis into larger Israeli society. Since the beginning of the Gaza war, Haddad has become more widely known in Israel. He has been recognized by Israeli media and the Israeli Foreign Ministry for his pro-Israel advocacy.
2025 RFL Championship
The 2025 RFL Championship, (officially known as the Betfred Championship for sponsorship reasons), is a professional rugby league club competition. The second tier of the British rugby league system comprises 13 clubs – 12 from England and one from France.

The season comprised 26 rounds in the regular season with each team playing 24 fixtures and having two bye weeks. The top six teams took part in the play-offs to determine the champions. The Championship was won by Toulouse Olympique who finished second in the regular season behing League Leaders' Shield winners York Knights.  The two met in the Grand Final on 5 October when Toulouse won 10–8.

York Knights
The York Knights are the professional rugby league team of York RLFC, based in York, England. The club play their home games at York Community Stadium and competes in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

The club, which was founded as the York City Knights, is a  phoenix club established after the original York club folded in 2002. The Knights played in blue and white until 2017 when they reverted to the city's traditional home colours of amber and black. The club was renamed as York RLFC in 2022 with the men's team continuing to be known as the Knights and the women's team becoming the Valkyrie.
Bangladeshi taka
The taka (Bengali: টাকা, IPA: [ˈʈa.kaˑ], sign: ৳, code: BDT, short form: Tk) is the currency of Bangladesh.

Issuance of banknotes ৳10 and larger is controlled by Bangladesh Bank, while the ৳2 and ৳5 govt. notes are the responsibility of the ministry of finance. The govt. notes of Tk. 2 and Tk.5 have mostly been replaced by coins while lower denomination coins (including all poysha coins) up to Tk. 1 have almost gone out of circulation due to inflation. The most commonly used symbol for the taka is "৳" and "Tk", used on receipts while purchasing goods and services. It is divided into 100 poysha, but poysha coins are no longer in circulation. The poysha is still used for accounting purposes (e.g., Tk 123,456.78 for 123,456 taka and 78 poysha).

On 8 May 2024, the central bank placed the taka in a crawling peg to the US dollar, with a rate of 117 takas per US dollar.

Crawling peg
In macroeconomics, crawling peg is an exchange rate regime that allows currency depreciation or appreciation to happen gradually. It is usually seen as a part of a fixed exchange rate regime.

The system is a method to fully use the key attributes of the fixed exchange regimes, as well as the flexibility of the floating exchange rate regime. The system is shaped to peg at a certain value, but at the same time is designed to "glide" to respond to external market uncertainties.
Ted Beniades
Theodore Cleanthis Beniades (November 17, 1922 – October 24, 2014) was an American character actor of screen and stage who was best known for appearing in Brian De Palma's Scarface as the undercover police officer Seidelbaum.

Beniades was born on November 17, 1922, in New York City, the son of Greek immigrants Mary and Cleanthis Beniades. He joined the United States Army on March 1, 1943, as an enlisted soldier and was discharged in September 1944. After his military service, he began studying acting at the Dramatic Workshop in New York. He appeared in such films as The Odd Couple, Serpico and The Next Man and such television series as Dark Shadows, N.Y.P.D., The Jackie Gleason Show, Kojak, The Andros Targets, and The Equalizer.

Beniades died on October 24, 2014, at the age of 91.

The Andros Targets
The Andros Targets is a 1977 American crime drama television series starring James Sutorius which centers around a crusading newspaper reporter who uncovers corruption in New York City. The show aired on CBS from January 31 to May 16, 1977.
Oh Girl
"Oh Girl" is a song written by Eugene Record and recorded by the American soul vocal group the Chi-Lites, with Record on vocals and also producing. It was released as a single on Brunswick Records in 1972. Included on the group's 1972 album A Lonely Man, "Oh Girl" centers on a relationship on the verge of break-up.

"Oh Girl" was the Chi-Lites' first and only No. 1 single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at that position in May 1972 for one week. The single also reached the top position of the Billboard R&B Singles chart the following month, remaining in that position for two weeks. Billboard ranked it as the No. 13 song for 1972. In addition, it reached No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart in July 1972, and was a UK hit again in 1975 when reissued as a double A-side with "Have You Seen Her", this time reaching a new peak of No. 5.

The song prominently features a harmonica.

The Chi-Lites
The Chi-Lites (/ˈʃaɪlaɪts/, SHY-lytes) is an American R&B/soul vocal quartet from Chicago. Forming at Chicago's Hyde Park High School in 1959, the group's original lineup consisted of singers Robert Lester, Eugene Record, Creadel Jones, Clarence Johnson, Burt Bowen, Eddie Reed and Marshall Thompson.

The Chi-Lites' greatest fame came during the late 1960s through the early 1970s (with members Record, Jones, Lester and Thompson), scoring eleven top-ten R&B chart hits from 1969 until 1974. The group also charted 21 songs in the Billboard Hot 100 Pop Chart, and had chart hits in Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Canada, as well as in the U.S.
Ed Byrne (musician)
Ed Byrne (born December 30, 1946) is an American trombonist, composer, arranger, author, and educator known for his jazz improvisations, original compositions, and the Linear Jazz Improvisation methodology books.
 His discography includes more than 70 recordings, including the "Carnegie Hall Concert (Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker album)"  and Eddie Palmieri’s Grammy Award-winning Latin jazz album Unfinished Masterpiece.

Carnegie Hall Concert (Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker album)
Carnegie Hall Concert is a live album by saxophonist Gerry Mulligan and trumpeter Chet Baker. The album was recorded at Carnegie Hall in 1974 and released on the CTI label both as a double LP and as two separate volumes. In 1995 the album was re-released as a CD with an additional track.
Ether Ore
Ether Ore is a solo album from one of the Chapman Stick frontrunners, Greg Howard. Containing tracks recorded live over a period of several months, it brings Howard's strong sense of improvisation across, into the ears of the listener.

Greg Howard (musician)
Greg Howard (July 26, 1964 – April 22, 2023) was a Chapman Stick player based in Charlottesville, Virginia. Howard played saxophone and keyboards in area bands before switching to the Stick in 1985. An early recording with guitarist Tim Reynolds was released on cassette in 1987 as Sticks and Stones.

Howard played with the Dave Matthews Band on two albums (Remember Two Things, 1993, and Before These Crowded Streets, 1998) and performed with the band in concert. He also collaborated with Dave Matthews Band saxophonist LeRoi Moore on various projects.

In 2000, the Greg Howard Band (with Dutch musicians Jan van Olffen, Jan Wolfkamp, and Hubert Heeringa) released an album, Lift.

Howard performed and led Chapman Stick seminars in North America and Europe. He has also written three method books: The Stick Book, Volume 1 (1997), and The Greg Howard Songbook (2009), and Tapping into Bach (2021) as well as an instructional DVD for the Stick, Basic Free Hands Technique, released in 2011.
The Young Ones (1961 film)
The Young Ones (US title: Wonderful to Be Young!) is a 1961 British comedy musical film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Cliff Richard, Robert Morley as his character's father, Carole Gray as his love interest, and the Shadows as his band. The screenplay was written by Peter Myers and Ronald Cass, who also wrote most of the songs. Herbert Ross choreographed the dance scenes. Its soundtrack spawned numerous hits, including the title track.

Although Richard had appeared in two pictures prior, The Young Ones was his first major film in a string of musical films including Summer Holiday and Wonderful Life.

The film was produced by the Associated British Picture Corporation and shot at their Elstree Studios. It had its World Premiere on 13 December 1961 at the Warner Theatre in London's West End.

Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)
Elstree Studios on Shenley Road, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire is a British film and television production centre operated by Elstree Film Studios Limited. One of several facilities historically referred to as Elstree Studios, the Shenley Road studios originally opened in 1926.

The studio complex has passed through many owners during its lifetime, and is now owned by Hertsmere Borough Council. Known as the studios used for filming Alfred Hitchcock's Blackmail (1929)—the first British talkie, Star Wars (1977),  The Shining (1980) and Indiana Jones, its largest stage is known as the George Lucas Soundstage 2 (15,770 sq ft), with the studios used both for film and television productions.

With the BBC Elstree Centre nearby, a number of the stages are leased to BBC Studioworks, and are used for recording television productions such as Strictly Come Dancing.
Janvilliers
Janvilliers (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃vilje]) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

Janvilliers is not the setting for Sebastian Faulks' 1989 novel The Girl at the Lion d'Or. Although Faulks' novel is largely set in a town called Janvilliers, descriptions of the town in the book indicate that it is situated on the Atlantic Coast in Brittany.

The Girl at the Lion d'Or
The Girl at the Lion d'Or  by Sebastian Faulks, the author's second novel, was set in the small French fictional town of Janvilliers, Brittany, in 1936. Together with Birdsong and Charlotte Gray, it makes up Faulks' France Trilogy. The character Charles Hartmann is common to all three books.
Endohedral fullerene
Endohedral fullerenes, also called endofullerenes, are fullerenes that have additional atoms, ions, or clusters enclosed within their inner spheres. The first lanthanum C60 complex called La@C60 was synthesized in 1985. The @ (at sign) in the name reflects the notion of a small molecule trapped inside a shell. Two types of endohedral complexes exist: endohedral metallofullerenes and non-metal doped fullerenes.

At sign
The at sign (@) is a typographical symbol used as an accounting and invoice abbreviation meaning "at a rate of" (e.g. 7 widgets @ £2 per widget = £14), and now seen more widely in email addresses and social media platform handles. In English, it is normally read aloud as "at", and is also commonly called the at symbol, commercial at (commat), or address sign. Most languages have their own name for the symbol.

Although not included on the keyboard layout of the earliest commercially successful typewriters, it was on at least one 1889 model and the very successful Underwood models from the "Underwood No. 5" in 1900 onward. It started to be used in email addresses in the 1970s, and is now routinely included on most types of computer keyboards.
Grande Boutique
The Grande Boutique was a prominent merchant consortium and trading house that operated in Geneva from 1556 to 1628 during the 16th and 17th centuries. Connected to the first Refuge (the initial wave of Protestant refugees to Geneva), it served as both a trading post for Italian merchants and a consortium that united most Lucchese families through their manufacturing and commercial activities, as well as through the funds they invested in the enterprise.

Protestant refugees in Switzerland
Protestant refugees in Switzerland were religious migrants who fled to the Reformed cantons of Switzerland between the 16th and 18th centuries due to persecution in their home countries. The confessional division of Europe in the 16th century led Protestant refugees, primarily Reformed but also Lutheran and Anglican, to seek refuge in Swiss territories from various countries including France, Italy, Germany, England, Hungary, and Spain, where their worship and access to civil and political offices were prohibited.

This migration flow, though of variable intensity, continued uninterrupted throughout the Ancien Régime and experienced two major peaks: the first following the Protestant Reformation and the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572 (known as the first Refuge), and the second triggered by the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and preceding measures (the second or great Refuge).
John Frame (rugby union)
John Neil Munro Frame (born 8 October 1946) is a Scottish former rugby union international.

Born in Edinburgh, Frame was raised in Inverness and attended Glenalmond College, Perthshire.

Frame, a centre, played for Gala RFC and Edinburgh University RFC. He gained 23 caps for Scotland, making his debut in 1967 against the touring All Blacks at Murrayfield. In the 1971 centenary match against England, he scored two tries in a Scotland win, the first after only 13 seconds is one of the fastest known tries in international rugby.

Edinburgh University RFC
Edinburgh University Rugby Football Club is a rugby union side based in Edinburgh, Scotland which currently plays its fixtures in the Edinburgh Regional Shield competition and the British Universities Premiership. It is one of the eight founder members of the Scottish Rugby Union.  In the years prior to the SRU's introduction of club leagues in 1973 and the advent of professionalism in the 1990s, EURFC was a major club power and it won the 'unofficial' Scottish Club championship several times. It remains a club with an all-student committee, and is only open to students of the University of Edinburgh. The club runs a men's team and a women's team; both playing in the university leagues.
Will Morefield
James William Joseph Morefield (born January 10, 1984) is an American politician of the Republican Party. Since January 2010 Morefield has been a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 43rd district in the southwestern part of the state. He serves on the House Committees on Counties, Cities, and Towns; Militia, Police, and Public Safety; General Laws; and Agriculture, Chesapeake and Natural Resources.

Virginia's 43rd House of Delegates district
Virginia's 43rd House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 43 represents the entirety of Buchanan, Tazewell and Bland Counties, as well as parts of Dickenson and Russell Counties. The seat is currently held by Republican Will Morefield.
Stefan Niesiołowski
Stefan Konstanty Myszkiewicz-Niesiołowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈstɛfan ɲeɕɔˈwɔfskʲi]; born 4 February 1944) is a Polish politician and member of the Union of European Democrats.
In 1970, Niesiołowski became involved in anti-communist opposition Ruch. He was the main proponent of burning down the Lenin Museum in Poronin, for which he was sentenced to 7 years imprisonment in 1971, and was released under amnesty in 1974. In 1980, Niesiołowski joined the Independent Self-governing Trade Union "Solidarity". During the martial law, Niesiołowski was imprisoned in Jaworze for around a year.

Ruch (organisation)
Ruch was an anti-communist organisation operating in Poland between 1965 and 1970. Its stated aim was the replacement of Poland's Marxist-Leninist-governed one-party state with a representative democracy. The group planned an arson attack on the Lenin Museum in Poronin. Its members were apprehended by the Polish authorities and imprisoned.
Dominion Tire Plant
The Dominion Tire Plant, later known as the Uniroyal Tire Plant then the Uniroyal-Goodrich Tire Plant and today known as AirBoss Rubber Compounding is a rubber and tire company located on Glasgow Street in Kitchener, Ontario.  It is the largest independent rubber mixing plant in North America.

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Sipacapa
Sipacapa is a municipality in the San Marcos department, situated in the Western highlands of Guatemala. Sipacapa's population of around 14,000 is spread among 14 village communities, scattered over mountainous terrain. Sipacapa is considered a linguistic community, as Sipakapense is a Maya language unique to the municipality.

San Marcos Department
San Marcos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsam ˈmaɾkos]) is a department in southwestern Guatemala, on the Pacific Ocean and along the western Guatemala–Mexico border.

The department's capital is the city of San Marcos.
Cavendish Dock
Cavendish Dock is one of the four docks which make up the Royal Port of Barrow in Barrow-in-Furness, England. Covering some 591,000 square metres (6,360,000 sq ft) it is roughly the size of Barrow's other three docks combined. It is named after William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire who invested heavily in the industrial growth of Barrow. Cavendish Dock is owned by Associated British Ports, however it is now entirely enclosed serving as a reservoir. It is also a popular fishing destination due to the diverse and unique wildlife found as a result of the control of water in and out the dock. Fishing is controlled by Barrow Angling Association and memberships are required to fish the water.

During the early 20th century, Cavendish Dock was home to an airship construction facility before the works were transferred to nearby Barrow/Walney Island Airport.

Royal Port of Barrow
The Royal Port of Barrow is an enclosed dock system in Barrow-in-Furness, England, comprising four docks. The port is owned and operated by Associated British Ports and is surrounded by Morecambe Bay to the east, and the Irish Sea to the south and west.

The port estate incorporates key areas of the Barrow shipyard, one of the largest shipyards in the United Kingdom and the country's only submarine production facility. It also handles general freight traffic and occasional cruise liners for passengers visiting the nearby Lake District.

The port was granted the title of "Royal" on 22 September 2025 by King Charles III, to reflect the town's contribution to national security.
Grow into One
Grow into One (stylized as grow into one) is the second studio album released by Japanese pop and R&B singer Koda Kumi, released on March 19, 2003. It barely peaked in the Top 10 on Oricon, coming it at #8, and charted for 43 weeks. The album also contained, at the time, one of her best-selling singles, "Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba". Combined with the singles, the album has sold over half a million copies in Japan.

The album featured rap duo Clench & Blistah and urban contemporary singer and producer Lisa, who had been featured on Kumi's single "Maze", after having just split from her founded hip-hop group M-Flo.

Koda Kumi
Kumiko Kōda (神田 來未子, Kōda Kumiko; born November 13, 1982), known professionally as Koda Kumi (倖田 來未, Kōda Kumi), is a Japanese singer from Kyoto, known for her urban and R&B songs.

After debuting with the single "Take Back" in December 2000, Koda gained fame in March 2003 when the songs from her seventh single, "Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba", were used as themes for the video game Final Fantasy X-2. Her popularity grew with the release of her fourth studio album Secret (2005), her sixteenth single "Butterfly" (2005), and her first greatest hits album Best: First Things (2005), reaching the number-three, number-two, and number-one spots respectively.

Though her early releases presented a conservative, quiet image, she has become a fashion leader among young women, setting trends such as the ero-kakkoii style. In 2006 and 2007, Oricon named Koda as the top selling artist of the year.
The Valley of Fear
The Valley of Fear is the fourth and final Sherlock Holmes novel by British writer Arthur Conan Doyle. It is loosely based on the Molly Maguires and Pinkerton agent James McParland. The story was first published in the Strand Magazine between September 1914 and May 1915. The first book edition was copyrighted in 1914, and it was first published by George H. Doran Company in New York on 27 February 1915, and illustrated by Arthur I. Keller.

James McParland
James McParland (né McParlan; 22 March 1844 – 18 May 1919) was an Irish-American private detective and Pinkerton agent.

McParland arrived in New York in 1867. He worked as a laborer, policeman and then in Chicago as a liquor store owner until the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed his business. He then became a private detective and labor spy, noted for his success against coal mining labor organizations in Pennsylvania.