hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glossary of United Kingdom railway terms
This article contains a list of jargon used to varying degrees by railway enthusiasts, trainspotters, and railway employees in the United Kingdom, including nicknames for various locomotives and multiple units. Although not exhaustive, many of the entries in this list appear from time to time in specialist, rail-related publications. There may be significant regional variation in usage.

Railfan
A railfan, train fan, rail buff or train buff (American English), railway enthusiast, railway buff, anorak (British English), gunzel (Australian English), trainspotter (British English) or ferroequinologist is a person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems.

Railfans often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites dedicated to railfanning and railway enthusiasts, including Trains, Railfan & Railroad, The Railway Magazine, Locomotive Magazine and Railway Gazette International.
Bewholme
Bewholme is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north-west of the town of Hornsea.

The civil parish is formed by the villages of Bewholme and Dunnington and the hamlet of Nunkeeling.
According to the 2011 UK census, Bewholme parish had a population of 232, a slight increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 230.

The name Bewholme possibly derives from the plural of the Old Norse bjúgr meaning 'river bend' or the Old English bēag meaning 'circle'.

The village has a church, St John Baptist, built in 1900 by S. Walker of Bridlington, and football field. The former vicarage was designed by William Burges, who also drew up an unexecuted design for the church.

St John the Baptist church

Bewholme House

Bewholme Vicarage
Bewholme Vicarage, in the village of Bewholme, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, is a former vicarage designed by the architect William Burges in 1859. It is a Grade II listed building and is now a private residence.
National Day (Brunei)
National Day (Malay: Hari Kebangsaan; Jawi: کبڠساءن‎ هاري) or Independence Day (Hari Kemerdekaan) is the national day of Brunei, commemorating the anniversary of Brunei's proclamation of independence. It was made a national holiday by government decree in 1985. Although Brunei formally proclaimed independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984, it did not celebrate its national day until 23 February.

Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah Muiz'zaddin Wad'daulah (born 15 July 1946) is Sultan of Brunei, reigning since 1967, and has also served as Prime Minister of Brunei since its independence from British rule in 1984. He is among the world's few remaining absolute monarchs.

The eldest son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Damit, he is the 29th sultan to ascend to the Bruneian throne, following the abdication of his father in 1967. The Sultan has been ranked among the wealthiest individuals in the world. As of 2023, Hassanal Bolkiah is said to have a net worth of $50 billion. He is the world's longest-reigning current monarch and the longest-serving current head of state. On 5 October 2017, Bolkiah celebrated his Golden Jubilee to mark the 50th year of his reign.
Salva (India)
The Salva or Salvi tribe is mentioned in Late Vedic texts (such as the Jaiminiya Brahmana) is a tribe that invaded Kurukshetra and defeated the Kuru kingdom, probably c. 900 BCE. The prior history of the Salva tribe is obscure, although they appear to have been associated with the Trigarta kingdom and the Punjab region. After invading the Kuru kingdom, the Salvas settled along the Yamuna river and the Alwar region of Rajasthan (near the Matsya kingdom), and by the end of the Vedic period they had eventually adopted Vedic culture as they coalesced with the remaining Kurus and the Surasena mahajanapada. A passage in the Karna Parva of the Mahabharata praises the Salvas for following the "eternal law of righteousness" but also says that they "need full instruction," unlike the more perceptive Kurus and Panchalas who can "gather the sense from half-expressed words".

Alwar
Alwar (Rajasthani Pronunciation: [əlʋəɾ]) is a city in Rajasthan and the administrative headquarters of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan. It is located 150 km south of Delhi and 150 km north of Jaipur.
Bovalino
Bovalino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 46 kilometres (29 mi) east of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 8,406 and an area of 18.0 square kilometres (6.9 sq mi).

The municipality of Bovalino contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bosco S. Ippolito (Greek: Aghios Ippolytos), Belloro, Russellina, Bricà, S. Nicola, Pozzo, Bovalino Superiore, Biviera, Rosa, and Cipparello.

Bovalino borders the following municipalities: Ardore, Benestare, Casignana, San Luca.

Bovalino was also the birthplace of the Blessed Camillus Costanzo.

Camillus Costanzo
Camillus Costanzo SJ (Bovalino Superiore, 1571 – Hirado, Japan 15 September 1622) was an Italian soldier, law student and Jesuit missionary in Japan.  When he was burned alive in 1622, he became a Roman Catholic martyr.
Grad (EP)
Grad (trans. The City) is an EP released by Serbian rock band Cactus Jack in 2002.

Grad is the band's second release, following their 2002 debut release, the live/cover album DisCover, and is the band's first release to feature their own material. Besides three tracks, the EP features the video for the track "Nekada" ("Some Time Ago") as a bonus.

The EP cover was designed by Dragoljub "Paja" Bogdanović, who appeared on the band's previous release as guest vocalist and would in 2015 become Cactus Jack's frontman.

Cactus Jack (band)
Cactus Jack  is a Serbian rock band formed in Pančevo in 1998.

Led by guitarist Stevan Birak and fronted by vocalist Vladimir Jezdimirović, the group started as a cover band. Cactus Jack's debut release was the live cover album DisCover (2002), followed by the live tribute album Deep Purple Tribute (2003). The band presented themselves with traditional hard rock sound, the releases bringing them attention of the audience and the media. The band released their first album of their own songs, entitled Natur all, in 2004, followed by the album Mainscream (2005). In the years following the release of their second studio album, the band failed to maintain mainstream popularity and returned to club performances with female vocalist Bojana Racić, including a number of funk and pop rock covers into their repertoire. In mid-2010s the band returned to hard rock sound with new vocalist, Dragoljub "Paja" Bogdanović.
Cloughton
Cloughton (/ˈklaʊtən/ KLAU-tən) is a small village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. The civil parish stretches over 3 miles (4.8 km) to the north of the village, 2 miles (3.2 km) to the west, 0.6 miles (0.97 km) to the south, and 1 mile (1.6 km) to the coast to the east. It includes the hamlet of Cloughton Newlands about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the main village.

Much of the civil parish, but not the village itself, lies within the North York Moors National Park. The Duchy of Lancaster, a private estate of the British sovereign, owns 2,375 acres (961 ha) of land in Cloughton, together with several businesses.

According to the 2011 UK census, the civil parish of Cloughton had a population of 687, a reduction on the 2001 UK census figure of 711. It has an area of 5.06 square miles (13.1 km2).

Cinder Track
The Cinder Track, also known as the Scarborough to Whitby Rail Trail or the Scarborough to Whitby Cinder Track, is a 21.7-mile (34.9 km) multi-use rail trail that runs from Scarborough to Whitby, in the English county of North Yorkshire. The route follows the former trackbed of the Scarborough and Whitby Railway and is used by walkers, cyclists and horse riders. It forms part of National Cycle Route 1, which runs along much of the east coast of Great Britain. South of Whitby, the trail crosses the 120-foot (37 m) high Larpool Viaduct.
Sunset Beach, New York
Sunset Beach is a hamlet in the town of Wilson in Niagara County, New York, United States. It sits along the shores of Lake Ontario and is part of a region with several other small lakeside communities.

Wilson, New York
Wilson is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 5,993 at the 2010 census. The town was named after an early settler, Reuben Wilson, who built and dwelt in a log cabin on the shore of Lake Ontario at the site of what would become the Village of Wilson.

The Town of Wilson is on the northern border of the county and contains a village, also called Wilson.
Harbin–Suifenhe railway
The Trans-Siberian Harbin–Suifenhe railway, named the Binsui Railway (simplified Chinese: 滨绥铁路; traditional Chinese: 濱綏鐵路; pinyin: bīnsuí tiělù), is a double-track electrified trunk railway in Northeast China between Harbin and Suifenhe on the Russian border. The line was originally built by Russia as the eastern branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway, which linked Chita with Vladivostok.  Today, the 548 km (341 mi) railway is administered by Harbin Railway Bureau.

Suifenhe
Suifenhe (Chinese: 绥芬河) is a county-level city in southeastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located where the former Chinese Eastern Railway crosses the border with Russia's town of Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai. In January 2014, Suifenhe became the only Chinese city in which trading with Russian Ruble is officially allowed. The city shares its name with the Suifen River, and is under the administration of Mudanjiang Prefecture-level City.

Suifenhe and the surrounding border areas were scenes of vicious combat when the Soviet Union invaded Japanese-occupied Manchuria in August 1945.
Söderala
Söderala is a locality situated in Söderhamn Municipality, Gävleborg County, Sweden with 949 inhabitants in 2010.

Writer Mare Kandre (1962–2005), was born in Söderala. Olympic sports shooter Fredrik Mossberg (1874-1950) was also born there.

Viking Age Söderala vane, now in the Swedish History Museum in Stockholm was used as a weather vane of Söderala Church until the 18th century.

Söderhamn Municipality
Söderhamn Municipality (Swedish: Söderhamns kommun) is a municipality in Gävleborg County, in east central Sweden. The seat is located in Söderhamn.

The present municipality was created in 1971 when the former City of Söderhamn was amalgamated with two rural municipalities and parts of a third.
Sri Lumay
According to the epic Aginid, Bayok sa atong Tawarik, a Bisayan epic story, Sri Rajahmura Lumaya, known in his shortened name Sri Lumay, was the  first Rajah  and the founder of the Indianized kingdom of historic polity of Cebu. Sri Lumay was a half-Tamil and half-Malay from Sumatra. In the epic, Sri Lumay was the grandfather of Rajah Humabon. He may be called a literary figure, as he is found only in the oral traditions in the Visayan epic story of Aginid.

Sri Lumay, ancestor of Rajah Humabon, a half-Malay and half-Indian from Sumatra established Cebu as an Indianized monarchy, and sired at least four known sons, namely Alho, Ukob, Parang the Limp, and Bantug (father of Rajah Humabon). Sri Alho ruled a land known as Sialo which included the present-day towns of Carcar and Santander in the southern region of Cebu.

Carcar
Carcar, officially the City of Carcar (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Carcar; Filipino: Lungsod ng Carcar), is a component city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 140,308 people.
Fred Imus
Frederic Moore Imus (January 11, 1942 – August 6, 2011) was an American radio talk show host and the younger brother of radio talk show host Don Imus.  He hosted Trailer Park Bash, a weekly country music program launched on May 6, 2006, on Saturdays from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. ET on Sirius XM Radio's Outlaw Country channel lasting five years until his death in 2011. His sidekick was former western actor Don Collier. Imus broadcast his show from his trailer in Tucson, Arizona. He frequently appeared as a regular guest on his brother's Imus in the Morning.

Outlaw Country (SiriusXM)
Outlaw Country is a Sirius XM Radio channel devoted to outlaw country music, along with various related genres including classic honky tonk, alternative country and roots rock. It is carried on Sirius XM Radio channel 62 and DISH Network channel 6060.
Zong Qinghou
Zong Qinghou (Chinese: 宗庆后; 11 October 1945 – 25 February 2024) was a Chinese billionaire businessman, and the founder, chairman and CEO of the Hangzhou Wahaha Group, China's leading beverage company. As of March 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$8.7 billion.

Hangzhou Wahaha Group
Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. (WHH; Chinese: 杭州娃哈哈集团有限公司) is a private group of companies, and the largest beverage producer in China. The company is headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.: 76

Wahaha has roughly 150 subsidiary companies and 60 manufacturing bases scattered throughout China. Wahaha employs about 60,000 staff.

The company was originally a local government owned sales company founded in 1987–8. For most of the time since creation, it has been run by Zong Qinghou (宗庆后), who exercised operational control over the day-to-day operations.
Victoria Racing Club
The Victoria Racing Club was founded in 1864. It was formed following the disbanding of the Victoria Turf Club and the Victoria Jockey Club. A legacy passed from the Victoria Turf Club was the annual "race that stops a nation", the Melbourne Cup, which was first contested in 1861.

From its foundation in 1864 until 2001, the Victoria Racing Club was the responsible authority for the conduct of thoroughbred racing in the State of Victoria, Australia. Since 2001, this role has been managed by Racing Victoria Limited.

The VRC is managed by an unpaid committee, elected by club members.

In 1871, the Victorian Government appointed the VRC as trustees of a site of 352 acres (1.4 km2) of Crown Land, next to the Maribyrnong River, which became known as Flemington Racecourse.
Much of the early success of the VRC is attributed to the administration of the first Secretary of the club, R. C. Bagot and his successors H. Byron Moore and A. V. Kewney.

R. C. Bagot
Robert Cooper Bagot (1827 or 1828 – 14 April 1881) was an Irish-Australian horse racing official in Melbourne, Australia. He was secretary of the Victorian Racing Club and largely responsible for the early success of the Melbourne Cup.
Christian Bégin
Christian Bégin (born March 16, 1963, in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian actor, who won the Prix Iris for Best Actor at the 20th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2018 for his performance in Infiltration (Le problème d'infiltration).

His film roles have included Nelligan, Side Orders (Foie de canard et cœur de femme), The Pig's Law (La loi du cochon), The Collector (Le Collectionneur), My Daughter, My Angel (Ma fille, mon ange) Surviving My Mother (Comment survivre à sa mère), 9 (9, le film), The Canadiens, Forever (Pour toujours, les Canadiens!) and Nina Roza, and the television series Trauma.

In 2019, he starred as a transgender prostitute in the comedy-drama series Can You Hear Me? (M'entends tu?)

9 (2016 film)
9 (French: 9, le film) is a 2016 Canadian comedy-drama film. Adapted from Stéphane E. Roy's theatrical play 9 Variations on the Void (Neuf variations sur le vide), the film is an anthology of nine short films by nine different film directors on the theme of communication difficulties, unified by the common narrative element of a conference on communication by self-help guru Marc Gélinas (played by Roy). Segments were directed by Roy, Claude Brie, Érik Canuel, Jean-Philippe Duval, Marc Labrèche, Micheline Lanctôt, Luc Picard, Éric Tessier and Ricardo Trogi.
The Oxford Revue
The Oxford Revue is a comedy group primarily featuring students from Oxford University and Oxford Brookes University, England. Beginning in 1953, The Oxford Revue has produced many prominent comedians, actors and satirists—as is the case with their Cambridge University counterparts, the Footlights. The Revue writes, produces and performs several shows each term in the pubs and theatres around Oxford, as well as touring to cities in the United Kingdom and performing a month-long run at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival every year.

Angus Deayton
Gordon Angus Deayton (/ˈdiːtən/; born 6 January 1956) is an English actor, comedian and writer.

Deayton was the original presenter of two successful British comedy panel shows, Have I Got News for You (1990–2002) and Would I Lie to You? (2007–2008). He also played Patrick Trench in the sitcom One Foot in the Grave (1990–2000) and George Windsor in the drama series Waterloo Road (2013–2015).
Killing Me Softly (film)
Killing Me Softly is a 2002 erotic thriller film directed by Chen Kaige and starring Heather Graham and Joseph Fiennes. Based on the 1999 novel of the same name by Nicci French, it introduces several substantial changes to the story and focuses heavily on the intense sexual relationship between the two lead characters. It is Chen's only English-language film to date.

Chen Kaige
Chen Kaige (Chinese: 陈凯歌; born 12 August 1952) is a Chinese filmmaker. A leading figure of the fifth generation of Chinese directors, Chen is known for his visual flair and epic storytelling. For Farewell My Concubine (1993), Chen became the first Chinese director to win the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.
Rembiechowa
Rembiechowa [rɛmbjɛˈxɔva] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oksa, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Oksa, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Jędrzejów, and 33 km (21 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Oksa
Gmina Oksa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Oksa, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Jędrzejów and 41 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 90.26 square kilometres (34.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,879.
Outline of the Beatles
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Wikipedia articles available about the Beatles from their formation through to their break-up; it does not include information about members' solo careers.

The Beatles: The Collection
The Beatles: The Collection was a vinyl boxed set of every Beatles album remastered at half speed from the original stereo master recordings, except for Magical Mystery Tour which was mastered from Capitol Records' submasters with the last three tracks in rechanneled stereo.
Adam Clapham
Adam Clapham (8 April 1940 – 14 October 2022) was a British television director and producer. He worked at BBC Television for nearly twenty years as a director, becoming the senior executive producer in its documentaries department. He produced a number of television programmes and films, including Doomsday Gun (1994) starring Frank Langella and Alan Arkin.

Clapham was born on 8 April 1940 to Sir Michael Clapham and Elisabeth Rea. His father was an industrialist who served as president of the Confederation of British Industry. For his research in Sri Lanka, Clapham was awarded an Imperial Relations Trust bursary to study media in India and a Leverhulme scholarship for research in Sri Lanka. He wrote As Nature Intended (with Robin Constable), an illustrated history of the nudists, and Beware Falling Coconuts.

Clapham, an indophile along the lines of Mark Tully, lived in a beach house near Mangalore, India. He died on 14 October 2022, at the age of 82.

Michael Clapham (industrialist)
Sir Michael John Sinclair Clapham KBE (17 January 1912 – 11 November 2002) was a prominent British Industrialist who served as president of the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) in the mid-1970s during a period of significant economic turmoil and as a senior executive of ICI throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. As CBI president he witnessed the fall of the administration of Edward Heath in the wake of the miners' strike, and the re-emergence of the Labour Party under Harold Wilson. He was directly involved, along with CBI director-general Campbell Adamson, in intense and volatile debate on voluntary pay restraint and price controls with Health and trade union leaders.

Clapham who was a classical scholar and a master printer by trade, also invented an isotope diffusion barrier whilst working on silk screen printing techniques during World War II which led to him being seconded to the Tube Alloys Project pursuing the development of the atom bomb.
Girls Will Be Girls (Klymaxx album)
Girls Will Be Girls is the second album by  R&B group Klymaxx. Released in 1982, Produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lakeside members Otis Stokes and Stephen Shockley with Dynasty member William Shelby. This  would be one of the first acts Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis would begin their writing and production career outside of The Time.

Klymaxx
Klymaxx is an American all-female pop/R&B band from Los Angeles, California. The band's classic lineup consisted of Bernadette Cooper, Lorena Porter Shelby, Cheryl Cooley, Robbin Grider, Lynn Malsby, and Joyce "Fenderella" Irby. Klymaxx is best known for their 1985 international hits "I Miss You" and "Meeting in the Ladies Room".
Grameen Bank
Grameen Bank (Bengali: গ্রামীণ ব্যাংক) is a microfinance, specialized community development bank founded in Bangladesh. It provides small loans (known as microcredit or "grameencredit") to the impoverished without requiring collateral.

Grameen Bank is a statutory public authority. It is originated in 1976, in the work of Muhammad Yunus, a professor at the University of Chittagong, who launched a research project to study how to design a credit delivery system to provide banking services to the rural poor. In October 1983, the Grameen Bank was authorized by national legislation to operate as an independent bank.

In 1998, the Bank's "Low-cost Housing Program" won a World Habitat Award. In 2006, the bank and its founder, Muhammad Yunus, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

The bank's success has inspired similar projects in more than 64 countries around the world, including a World Bank initiative to finance Grameen-type lending systems.

Community development bank
A community development bank (CDB) or Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) is a development bank or credit union that focus on serving people who have been locked out of the traditional financial systems such as the unbanked or underbanked in deprived local communities.  They emphasize the long term development of communities and provide loans such as micro-finance or venture capital.

In the United States these became popular after 1994 when the US Congress created community development banks and allowed them to get funding at very low rates from the US treasury.
A Christmas Held Captive
A Christmas Held Captive is an original musical with lyrics and music by Robert J. Sherman and Christopher M. Dawson and book by Lavina Dawson and Michael A. Dawson. The musical officially premiered on December 14, 1986 at the Beverly Hills Playhouse and closed on January 18, 1987. The production was directed by Oliver Muirhead who also played the role of "Constable Scrooge" in the production.  Sets and Costumes were designed by Cora Seiler.  The music director was composer Christopher Dawson.  Vocal direction was done by lyricist, Robert Sherman.  Stage Management was done by Lee Doebler.  Lighting and sound were supervised by Robert Duncan.  The show's corporately sponsored by Mrs. Field's Cookies and privately co-sponsored by John Mazur.

Beverly Hills Playhouse
The Beverly Hills Playhouse is an acting school with theaters and training facilities in Beverly Hills, California, and also in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York City. It is one of the oldest acting schools and theatres in the Los Angeles area.