hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Misra–Gries heavy hitters algorithm
Misra and Gries defined the heavy-hitters problem
(though they did not introduce the term heavy-hitters) and described the first algorithm
for it in the paper Finding repeated elements.  Their algorithm
extends the Boyer-Moore majority finding algorithm
in a significant way.

One version of the heavy-hitters problem is as follows: Given is a
bag b of n elements and an integer k ≥ 2. Find the values that
occur more than n ÷ k times in b. The Misra-Gries algorithm solves
the problem by making two passes over the values in b, while storing
at most k values from b and their number of occurrences during the
course of the algorithm.

Misra-Gries is one of the earliest streaming algorithms,
and it is described below in those terms in section #Summaries.

Jayadev Misra
Jayadev Misra is an Indian-born computer scientist who has spent most of his professional career in the United States. He is the Schlumberger Centennial Chair Emeritus in computer science and a University Distinguished Teaching Professor Emeritus at the University of Texas at Austin. Professionally he is known for his contributions to the formal aspects of concurrent programming and for jointly spearheading, with Sir Tony Hoare, the project on Verified Software Initiative (VSI).
Power-on reset
A power-on reset (PoR, POR) generator is a microcontroller or microprocessor peripheral that generates a reset signal when power is applied to the device. It ensures that the device starts operating in a known state.

Reset (computing)
In a computer or data transmission system, a reset clears any pending errors or events and brings a system to normal condition or an initial state, usually in a controlled manner. It is usually done in response to an error condition when it is impossible or undesirable for a processing activity to proceed and all error recovery mechanisms fail. A computer storage program would normally perform a "reset" if a command times out and error recovery schemes like retry or abort also fail.
Portrait of a Man (Signorelli)
The Portrait of a Man is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Luca Signorelli, dated to c. 1492 and housed in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin.

The painting was featured in the 1980 BBC Two series 100 Great Paintings.

Luca Signorelli
Luca Signorelli (c. 1441/1445 – 16 October 1523) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Cortona, in Tuscany, who was noted in particular for his ability as a draftsman and his use of foreshortening. His massive frescos of the Last Judgment (1499–1503) in Orvieto Cathedral are considered his masterpiece.

In his early 40s he returned to live in Cortona, after working in Florence, Siena and Rome (1478–84, painting a now lost section of the Sistine Chapel).  With an established reputation, he remained based in Cortona for the rest of his life, but often travelled to the cities of the region to fulfill commissions.  He was probably trained by Piero della Francesca in Florence, as his cousin Giorgio Vasari wrote.

Cortona hosted a major exhibition in 2023 to celebrate the 500th anniversary of his death.
Beatrice of Avesnes
Beatrice d'Avesnes (died: 1321) was a daughter of Baldwin of Avesnes and his wife Felicitas of Coucy.  Baldwin was the son of Bouchard IV of Avesnes. In 1310, she founded Beaumont Abbey.

Beatrice married, in 1265, Count Henry VI of Luxembourg and was the mother of:

Henry VII (1274–1313), Count of Luxemburg, King of the Romans in 1308 and Emperor in 1312

Walram (d. 1311), Lord of Dourlers, Thirimont en Consorre

Felicitas (d. 1336), married in 1298 John Tristan (d. 1309), Count of Leuven

Baldwin (1285–1354), Archbishop of Trier (1307–1354)

Margaret (d. 1336), a nun in Lille and in Marienthal.

Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg
Henry VI (c. 1240 – 5 June 1288) was Count of Luxembourg and Arlon from the death of his father, Henry V the Blond, in 1281 until his own death at the battle of Worringen, seven years later, when he was succeeded by his son, Henry VII.
Juras Taminskas
Juras Taminskas (born 1986) is a Lithuanian politician serving as minister of transport and communications since 2025. From 2024 to 2025, he served as legal advisor to the Association of Lithuanian Municipalities.

Ministry of Transport and Communications (Lithuania)
Ministry of Transport and Communications (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos susisiekimo ministerija) is a government institution in the Republic of Lithuania which coordinates the work of road, rail, air, water, transport, postal and electronic communications sector and implements the strategy and politics of state government.
Turía (river)
The Turía (Spanish: Río Turía) is a small river in Galicia, Spain.  It is 9 kilometres (6 mi) long, and its mouth is at an elevation of 250 metres (820 ft) above the sea.  It rises in the town of Taramundi (Asturias) and drains into the Eo River in the town of A Pontenova (Lugo Province).

The Turía river gives its name to the Turía Valley or “Valle del Turía” that crosses horizontally before emptying into the Eo River. The Turía River is fed by numerous streams and creeks from the mountains above the valley, and is part of the Eo UNESCO biosphere reserve.

While the river has its source in Asturias, the major part of its course is in Lugo province.

The Turía River is a source of industry and its waters are used to generate socio-economic activities based on ancient traditions such as Navajeros crafts and textiles, as well as the primary industry of salmon farming in A Pontenova.

Turia Valley
The Turia Valley (Spanish: Valle del Turía) is a small valley on the western border of the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest of Spain which is close to beaches and is divided by two autonomous communities: Asturias and Galicia. It consists of an area of 90 km2, 3,910 inhabitants and is 200 m above sea level. The two main towns are A Pontenova (Galicia) and Taramundi (Asturias).
Ramón Freire
Ramón Saturnino Andrés Freire y Serrano (Latin American Spanish: [raˈmoɱ ˈfɾejɾe]; November 29, 1787 – December 9, 1851) was a Chilean political figure. He was head of state on several occasions, and enjoyed a numerous following until the War of the Confederation. Ramón Freire was one of the principal leaders of the liberal Pipiolo movement.

The settlement of Santa Rosa was renamed to Freirina in his honor in 1824.

Freirina
Freirina is a Chilean commune and town in Huasco Province, Atacama Region. The commune spans an area of 3,577.7 km2 (1,381 sq mi). Freirina is both an agricultural and a mining town.

Prior to the founding of Vallenar in 1789 Freirina, then known as Santa Rosa, was the main town of Huasco Valley. The town was renamed to Freirina in honor of Supreme Director Ramón Freire in 1824 when it was raised in settlement category from asiento a villa.

From the 1930s to the 1950s there was significant gold mining in Capote 25 km north of Freirina. For much of the 19th centuiry and then again from 1952 to 1973 El Morado, 40 km south of Freirina, was an important copper mining center.
Ukrainian Radical Party
The Ukrainian Radical Party (URP) (Ukrainian: Українська радикальна партія, УPП, Ukraiinska Radykalna Partiia), founded in October 1890 as Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party and based on the radical movement in western Ukraine dating from the 1870s, was the first modern Ukrainian political party with a defined program, mass following, and registered membership. It advocated socialism, increased rights for Ukrainian peasants, anti-clericalism and secularism.

Ivan Franko
Ivan Yakovych Franko PhD (Ukrainian: Іван Якович Франко, pronounced [iˈwɑn ˈjɑkowɪtʃ frɐnˈkɔ]; 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, translator, economist, political activist, ethnographer, and the author of the first detective novels and modern poetry in Ukrainian.

Franko was a political radical, and a founder of the socialist and nationalist movement in Western Ukraine. In addition to his own literary work, he also translated into Ukrainian the works of such renowned figures as William Shakespeare, Lord Byron, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Dante Alighieri, Victor Hugo, Adam Mickiewicz, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. His translations appeared on the stage of the Ruska Besida Theatre. Along with Taras Shevchenko, he has had a tremendous influence on modern literary and political thought in Ukraine.
Škoda Favorit
The Škoda Favorit (Type 781) is a supermini car which was made by Škoda Auto from 1987 to 1995. Initially it was only a five-door hatchback, but two other body styles were later added: A five-door estate car in 1990 called the Škoda Forman (Type 785) and a two-door coupé utility truck in 1991 called the Škoda Pick-up (Type 787). The Favorit was Škoda's first car to follow the European trend of locating the engine at the front, mounted transversely, and was also their first car to use front-wheel drive. It was premiered in July 1987 at the Brno Engineering Fair in Czechoslovakia. The Favorit name was previously used for the Type 904 and 923 models produced by Škoda from 1936 to 1941.

Škoda Auto
Škoda Auto a.s. (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʃkoda] ⓘ), often shortened to Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer established in 1896 as the successor to Laurin & Klement and headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. Škoda Works became state owned in 1948. After the Velvet Revolution, it was gradually privatized starting in 1991, eventually becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the German multinational conglomerate Volkswagen Group in 2000.

Škoda automobiles are sold in over 100 countries, and in 2018, total global sales reached 1.25 million units, an increase of 4.4% from the previous year. The operating profit was €1.6 billion in 2017, an increase of 34.6% over the previous year. As of 2017, Škoda's profit margin was the second-highest of all Volkswagen AG brands after Porsche.

Its slogan was “Simply Clever” until 2022, when a new brand identity and a new slogan "Let's Explore" were introduced.
Justin Davidson
Justin Davidson (born May 16, 1966) is an American classical music and architecture critic of Italian birth. He has been the New York magazine's critic in both disciplines since 2007.

He won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Criticism for "his crisp coverage of classical music that captures its essence."

Architecture criticism
Architecture criticism is the critique of architecture. Everyday criticism relates to published or broadcast critiques of buildings, whether completed or not, both in terms of news and other criteria. In many cases, criticism amounts to an assessment of the architect's success in meeting their own aims and objectives and those of others. The assessment may consider the subject from the perspective of some wider context, which may involve planning, social or aesthetic issues. It may also take a polemical position reflecting the critic's own values. At the most accessible extreme, architectural criticism is a branch of lifestyle journalism, especially in the case of high-end residential projects.
The Big Painting Challenge
The Big Painting Challenge is a television programme first broadcast on BBC One on 22 February 2015. It is a contest in the style of The Great British Bake Off but with the craft of painting rather than baking.

Pascal Anson
Pascal Anson (born 1973) is a designer and artist.

Born in South London, Anson attended Wilson's School in Wallington and studied three-dimensional design at Kingston University. He completed his studies at the Royal College of Art in London in 2000 with an MA in Design Products. He works across many disciplines in art and design from graphics and clothing to interiors and vehicles. He is teaching within Interior behaviours platform at the Royal College of Art.
Project Looking Glass
Project Looking Glass is a now inactive free software project under the GPL to create an innovative 3D desktop environment for Linux, Solaris, and Windows. It was sponsored by Sun Microsystems.

Looking Glass is programmed in the Java language using the Java 3D system to remain platform agnostic. Despite the use of graphics acceleration features, the desktop explores the use of 3D windowing capabilities for both existing application programs and ones specifically designed for Looking Glass.

There is a Live CD available from Project Looking Glass. The Looking Glass environment is also included on a Live DVD (FunWorks 2007 edition) from the Granular Linux project.

Java 3D
Java 3D is a scene graph-based 3D application programming interface (API) for the Java platform. It runs on top of either OpenGL or Direct3D until version 1.6.0, which runs on top of Java OpenGL (JOGL). Since version 1.2, Java 3D has been developed under the Java Community Process. A Java 3D scene graph is a directed acyclic graph (DAG).

Compared to other solutions, Java 3D is not only a wrapper around these graphics APIs, but an interface that encapsulates the graphics programming using a true object-oriented approach. Here a scene is constructed using a scene graph that is a representation of the objects that have to be shown. This scene graph is structured as a tree containing several elements that are necessary to display the objects. Additionally, Java 3D offers extensive spatialized sound support.

Java 3D and its documentation are available for download separately. They are not part of the Java Development Kit (JDK).
Mummy forgeries
Throughout history there have been several mummy forgeries.

By the 18th century fake mummies were made in Europe for the production of Mummia. These were made by drying any available human corpses in ovens before grinding or cutting them up in preparation for sale.

Archaeological forgery
Archaeological forgery is the manufacture of supposedly ancient items that are sold to the antiquities market and may even end up in the collections of museums. It is related to art forgery, and can overlap for certain periods.

A string of archaeological forgeries have usually followed news of prominent archaeological excavations. Historically, famous excavations like those in Crete, the Valley of the Kings in Egypt and Pompeii have caused the appearance of a number of forgeries supposedly spirited away from the dig. Those have been usually presented in the open market but some have also ended up in museum collections and as objects of serious historical study.

In recent times, forgeries of pre-Columbian pottery from South America have been very common. Other popular examples include Ancient Egyptian earthenware and supposed ancient Greek cheese. There have also been paleontological forgeries like the archaeoraptor or the Piltdown Man skull.
33 Variations
33 Variations is a play by Moisés Kaufman, inspired by Ludwig van Beethoven's Diabelli Variations. It débuted on Broadway on March 9, 2009, starring Jane Fonda. Originally written in 2007, its world première was held at Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. before continuing on to La Jolla Playhouse in 2008.

Derek McLane
Derek McLane (born June 14, 1958, in London, England)  is an American set designer for theatre, opera, and television. He graduated with a BA from Harvard College and an MFA from the Yale School of Drama.
1983 Midwestern City Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1983 Midwestern City Conference men's basketball tournament (now known as the Horizon League men's basketball tournament) was held March 10–12 at Roberts Municipal Stadium in Evansville, Indiana.

Xavier defeated Loyola-Chicago in the championship game, 82–76, to win their first MCC/Horizon League men's basketball tournament.

The Musketeers received an automatic bid to the 1983 NCAA tournament as the #12 seed in the Midwest region. Xavier lost the play-in game to fellow #12 seed Alcorn State.

1982–83 Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team
The 1982–83 Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team represented Xavier University from Cincinnati, Ohio in the 1982–83 season. Led by head coach Bob Staak, the Musketeers finished with a 22–8 record (10–4 MCC), and won the MCC tournament to receive an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. In the NCAA tournament, the Musketeers lost to fellow No. 12 seed Alcorn State in the Play-in round.
Francisco Valero-Cuevas
Francisco Javier Valero-Cuevas (born 1964) is an engineer of Mexican origin, and a Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, and Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California. He is known for his work on how the human hand works, and its clinical applications. He is notable for several inventions, including devices for measuring hand function and leg function, and the construction of archways in civil engineering. Among his scholarly contributions is a textbook on the mathematical foundations underlying the study of motor control and biomechanics. He is an Elected Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (2014), an Elected Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and a Thomas J. Watson Fellow.

Watson Foundation
The Thomas J. Watson Foundation is a charitable trust formed 1961 in honor of former chairman and CEO of IBM, Thomas J. Watson. The Watson Foundation operates two programs, the Thomas J. Watson Fellowship and the Jeannette K. Watson Fellowship.

The two programs were based in Providence and New York City, but in 2006 the two fellowships were united in New York.

In 2018 the Watson Foundation celebrated its 50th anniversary. The Foundation moved into its new offices in New York's Woolworth Building that same year.
Sonequa Martin-Green
Sonequa Chaunté Martin-Green (/səˈniːkwə/; née Martin; born March 21, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known for her television roles as Michael Burnham, the main character in the streaming television series Star Trek: Discovery, and as Sasha Williams on The Walking Dead. Before that, Martin-Green starred in several independent films before gaining her first recurring role, as Courtney Wells on The Good Wife. Later, she had recurring roles as Tamara in Once Upon a Time and Rhonda in New Girl.

Once Upon a Time season 2
The second season of the American ABC fantasy-drama series Once Upon a Time was announced on May 10, 2012. It premiered on September 30, 2012, and concluded on May 12, 2013. Ginnifer Goodwin, Jennifer Morrison, Lana Parrilla, Josh Dallas, Jared S. Gilmore, and Robert Carlyle return as principal cast members from the first season, and are joined by Emilie de Ravin, Meghan Ory, and Colin O'Donoghue. This season is the only one to feature Ory in a regular capacity.

The season's plot follows the breaking of the curse and the introduction of magic by Rumplestiltskin / Mr. Gold (Carlyle) into Storybrooke in the first season finale, with the characters having to deal with their dual identities and new emerging threats. Existing fictional characters introduced to the series during the season include Captain Hook (O'Donoghue), Princess Aurora, Mulan, Prince Phillip, Robin Hood, the Darling family, and the Lost Boys.
Noire et Blanche
Noire et Blanche (French: Black and White) is a black and white photograph taken by American visual artist Man Ray in 1926. It is one of his most famous photographs at the time when he was an exponent of Surrealism.

Man Ray
Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American-born, French-naturalized visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all.

He was a photography innovator as well as a fashion and portrait photographer, and is noted for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" in reference to himself.
Hello Darling (1975 film)
Hello Darling is a 1975 Indian Malayalam film, directed by A. B. Raj and produced by R. S. Sreenivasan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayabharathi, Sudheer, Bahadoor, Adoor Bhasi and Sankaradi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

Sudheer (Malayalam actor)
Sudheer (died 2004) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in the Malayalam film industry. He was a lead actor during the 1970s. He acted in more than 100 movies. His role in the movie Chembarathy in 1972 was well noted. He won a Kerala State Film Award in 1975 for his performance in the movie Sathyathinte Nizhalil.

Sudheer has also played the second lead in the 1978 Rajinikanth starrer Bairavi and has played the lead role in Sonna Namba Mateengae.
Meat Cake
Meat Cake is a comic book series written and drawn by American cartoonist Dame Darcy. Originally published by Caliber Press, Meat Cake was published by Fantagraphics in the United States from 1993 to 2008.

Meat Cake has been described as "neo-Victorian", with each issue containing a collection of stories featuring a cast of oddball characters. All the same, Meat Cake was characterized by one critic as extremely personal: "the aesthetic that made Meatcake so distinctive wasn't cultivated; it was who [Dame Darcy] was, and how she was".

Fantagraphics
Fantagraphics (previously Fantagraphics Books) is an American publisher of alternative comics, classic comic strip anthologies, manga, magazines, graphic novels, and (formerly) the erotic Eros Comix imprint. They have managed several awards for achievement in comic books.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers preclinical and clinical studies on the regulatory effects of various agents on immunocompetent cells, as well as the immunotoxicity exerted by xenobiotics and drugs. Hence, the journal encompasses a broad range of pathologies (e.g. acute and chronic infections, allergy, autoimmunity, cancer, degenerative disorders, inflammation, and primary and secondary immunodeficiencies). It is published by Informa.

Immunotoxin
An immunotoxin is an artificial protein consisting of a targeting portion linked to a toxin. When the protein binds to that cell, it is taken in through endocytosis, and the toxin kills the cell.  They are used for the treatment of some kinds of cancer and a few viral infections.
Bill Lawrence (guitar maker)
Bill Lawrence (born Willi Lorenz Stich; March 24, 1931 – November 2, 2013) was a pickup and guitar designer. Lawrence was born in Wahn in Cologne, Germany and began his musical career in the 1950s as a jazz guitarist, performing under the name Billy Lorento. He died in southern California in 2013.

As a musician, Lawrence created pickups which he felt best suited his needs and performance style. He then worked with Framus and became an endorser, including models as the "Billy Lorento" 5/120. He was also an endorser for Fender in Europe.

Moving to the United States, Lawrence designed pickups and assisted in electric guitar design for Fender, Gibson, Peavey and other companies. While at Gibson from 1968 to 1972, Lawrence helped design the "super-humbucker" pickup and the L6-S. He helped redesign the electronics of the SG and contributed significantly to the S-1 and Marauder, as well as to some bass models such as the Ripper, Grabber, and G3.

Gibson S-1
The Gibson S-1 is a solid-bodied electric guitar, made by the Gibson Guitar Corporation. Notable players include Carlos Santana, Ronnie Wood, Keith Richards, and Angel Olsen.
Only 3,089 of them were sold before the model was discontinued in 1980.