hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economic Development Quarterly
Economic Development Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of economics. The journal's editors-in-chief are Larry C. Ledebur (Cleveland State University), Timothy J. Bartik (Upjohn Institute for Employment Research), and George A. Erickcek (Upjohn Institute for Employment Research). It was established in 1987 and is currently published by SAGE Publications in association with Cleveland State University.

Timothy J. Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik (born March 26, 1954) is an American economist who specializes in regional economics, public finance, urban economics, labor economics, and labor demand policies. He is a senior economist at the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

He developed a method of isolating local labor demand changes that is referred to as the Bartik instrument. This measure averages national employment growth across industries using local industry employment shares as weights to produce a measure of local labor demand that is unrelated to changes in local labor supply. This is a key tool in macroeconomic analysis.
Amy Helm
Amy Helm (born December 3, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She is the daughter of drummer Levon Helm and singer Libby Titus.  She is a past member of the Levon Helm's Midnight Ramble Band and Ollabelle, as well as her own touring band.

Her debut solo album, Didn’t It Rain, was released in July 2015, and her second release This Too Shall Light was released September 2018 on Yep Roc Records.

Helm conducted an in-depth interview about her life and career with The Pods & Sods Network in 2016.  That year she and her band performed at the Edmonton Folk Music Festival.

Donald Fagen
Donald Jay Fagen (born January 10, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and musician who is the co-founder, lead singer, co-songwriter, and keyboardist of the rock band Steely Dan, formed in the early 1970s with musical partner Walter Becker. In addition to his contributions to Steely Dan, Fagen has released four solo albums, beginning with The Nightfly in 1982, which was nominated for seven Grammys.

In 2001, Fagen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Steely Dan. Following Becker's death in 2017, Fagen continues to tour using the band name.
Chalfont St Giles
Chalfont St Giles is a village and civil parish in southeast Buckinghamshire, England. It is in a group of villages called The Chalfonts, which also includes Chalfont St Peter and Little Chalfont.

It lies on the edge of the Chiltern Hills, 20.9 miles (33.6 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross, central London, and near Seer Green, Jordans, Chalfont St Peter, Little Chalfont and Amersham.

The cockney rhyming slang term "chalfonts", meaning haemorrhoids (piles), is derived from the name of the village. The village has a duck pond that is fed by the River Misbourne. The village sign was designed and painted by Doreen Wilcockson ARCA in 2001.  Chalfont St Giles is famous for the poet Milton’s only surviving home.

Brian Cant
Brian Cant (12 July 1933 – 19 June 2017) was an English actor of stage, television and film, television presenter, voice artist and writer. He was known for his work in BBC television programmes for children from 1964 onward, most notably Play School, and in later years, Dappledown Farm.
Trevor Cole (writer)
Trevor Cole (born Trevor William Cole on February 15, 1960) is a Canadian novelist and journalist. He has published five novels; the first two, Norman Bray in the Performance of his Life (2004) and The Fearsome Particles (2006), were nominated for the Governor General's Literary Award for Fiction and longlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award.

Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour
The Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour, also known as the Stephen Leacock Medal for Humour or just the Leacock Medal, is an annual Canadian literary award presented for the best book of humour written in English by a Canadian writer, published or self-published in the previous year. The silver medal, designed by sculptor Emanuel Hahn, is a tribute to well-known Canadian humorist Stephen Leacock (1869–1944) and is accompanied by a cash prize of CA$25,000. It is presented in the late spring or early summer each year, during a banquet ceremony in or near Leacock’s hometown of Orillia, Ontario.

The medal is one of the oldest literary prizes in Canada and is the only one awarded to a work of humour. It has been awarded every year since 1947 with the exception of 1959 when it was reported that no worthy entries had been submitted.
George H. Walker
George H. Walker (October 22, 1811 – September 20, 1866) was an American trader, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was one of three key founders of the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, establishing the first settlement in what is now Milwaukee's south side.  The site of his settlement is still known as Walker's Point.  He went on to serve as the 5th and 7th mayor of Milwaukee, and represented Milwaukee in the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1851 term.

Prior to Wisconsin statehood, he also served in the House of Representatives of the Wisconsin Territory, and was speaker for two sessions of the 4th Wisconsin Territorial Assembly.

His younger brother, Isaac P. Walker, was one of the first two United States senators from Wisconsin.

4th Wisconsin Territorial Assembly
The Fourth Legislative Assembly of the Wisconsin Territory convened from December 5, 1842, to April 17, 1843, from December 4, 1843, to January 31, 1844, from January 6, 1845, to February 24, 1845, and from January 5, 1846, to February 3, 1846, in regular session.

The first session of this Legislative Assembly was effected by a dispute with the Governor over whether or not the session was legally sanctioned by Congress.  The session was adjourned twice, and finally came back into session on the governor's request in March 1843, when they finished their business.  This Legislative Assembly was also unusually long, spanning four general elections (1843, 1844, 1845, & 1846).
Type introspection
In computing, type introspection is the ability of a program to examine the type or properties of an object
at runtime.
Some programming languages possess this capability.

Introspection should not be confused with reflection, which goes a step further and is the ability for a program to manipulate the metadata, properties, and functions of an object at runtime.  Some programming languages also possess that capability  (e.g.,
Java,
Python,
Julia,
and
Go).

Data type
In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. A data type specification in a program constrains the possible values that an expression, such as a variable or a function call, might take. On literal data, it tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. Most programming languages support basic data types of integer numbers (of varying sizes), floating-point numbers (which approximate real numbers), characters and Booleans.
Saka no Ue no Kumo
Saka no Ue no Kumo (坂の上の雲), or "Clouds Above the Hill" is a Japanese historical novel by Shiba Ryōtarō originally published serially from 1968 to 1972 in eight volumes.  A three-year NHK television special drama series based on the novel and also entitled Saka no Ue no Kumo was shown in thirteen episodes from 2009 to 2011.

The novel is set in the Meiji period and focuses on three characters from the city of Matsuyama: Akiyama Yoshifuru, his brother Akiyama Saneyuki, and their friend, Masaoka Tsunenori, better known as Masaoka Shiki.  The novel follows their lives from childhood through the First Sino-Japanese War, culminating in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05.

The city of Matsuyama has a Saka no Ue no Kumo Museum dedicated to the novel and associated TV series.

Akiyama Yoshifuru
Akiyama Yoshifuru (秋山 好古; February 9, 1859 – November 4, 1930) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and was considered the father of modern Japanese cavalry. He was the older brother of Vice Admiral Akiyama Saneyuki.
Republican Party of Albania
The Republican Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Republikane e Shqipërisë, PR or PRSH) is a political party in Albania. It currently holds 1 of the 140 seats in the Parliament of Albania, in alliance with the Democratic Party of Albania.

2009 Albanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Albania on 28 June 2009. No alliance achieved 71 deputies on its own needed to form a parliamentary majority. A coalition government was formed by the Democratic Party and Socialist Movement for Integration.
Wear Valley
Wear Valley was, from 1974 to 2009, a local government district in County Durham, England. Its council and district capital was Crook.

The district covered much of the Weardale area. In the west it was parished and rural, whereas in the east it was more urban. Crook and Willington are unparished.

The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by the merger of the Bishop Auckland, Crook and Willington and Tow Law urban districts, along with Weardale Rural District.

The district was abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England, becoming part of the Durham County Council unitary authority.

Wear Valley had a population of around 65,000 in 2001.

Weardale
Weardale is a dale, or valley, on the east side of the Pennines in County Durham, England. Large parts of Weardale fall within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) – the second-largest AONB in England and Wales. The upper dale is surrounded by high fells (up to 2,454 feet (748 m) O.D. at Burnhope Seat) and heather grouse moors. The River Wear flows through Weardale before reaching Bishop Auckland and then Durham, meeting the sea at Sunderland.

The Wear Valley local government district covered the upper part of the dale, including Weardale, between 1974 and 2009, when it was abolished on County Durham's becoming a unitary authority. (From 1894 to 1974 there was a Weardale Rural District.) Upper Weardale is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Durham. The dale's principal settlements include St John's Chapel and the towns of Crook, Stanhope and Wolsingham.
Quinta Vendrell
Quinta Vendrell, in Adjuntas, Puerto Rico, is believed to have been designed by architect Alfredo B. Wiechers Pieretti.  It is a two-story balloon framed country house that was built in 1918. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2006 and on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2008.

The home sustained damages as a result of Hurricane María on September 20, 2017, and in 2019, the owners were in talks with community representatives about how to raise funds to repair it.

Alfredo Wiechers Pieretti
Alfredo Wiechers Pieretti was a Puerto Rican architect from Ponce, Puerto Rico. He was an expositor of the Neoclassicism and Art Nouveau architectural styles, doing most of his work in his hometown of Ponce. Today, Alfredo Wiechers' city residence, located in the Ponce Historic Zone and which he designed himself, is a museum, the Museo de la Arquitectura Ponceña. After enriching his hometown city with some of the most architecturally exquisite buildings, he moved to Spain arguing political persecution by the authorities in the Island.
2017–18 Miami RedHawks men's basketball team
The 2017–18 Miami RedHawks men's basketball team represented Miami University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The RedHawks, led by first-year head coach Jack Owens, played their home games at Millett Hall, as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 16–18, 8–10 in MAC play to finish in third place in the East Division. They defeated Ohio in the first round of the MAC tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Toledo. They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they lost in the first round to Campbell.

2017–18 Toledo Rockets men's basketball team
The 2017–18 Toledo Rockets men's basketball team represented the University of Toledo during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Rockets, led by eighth-year head coach Tod Kowalczyk, played their home games at Savage Arena, as members of the West Division of the Mid-American Conference. With win over Northern Illinois on February 27, 2018, the Rockets clinched the MAC West division championship. They finished the season 23–11, 13–5 in MAC play to win the MAC West division championship. As the No. 2 seed in the MAC tournament, they defeated Miami and Eastern Michigan before losing to Buffalo in the tournament championship. Despite winning 23 games, they did not participate in a postseason tournament.
Mirik Milan
Mirik Milan (born 1981) is a Dutch politician, the former night mayor of Amsterdam, responsible for launching the independent role, which liaises directly with the municipality. Elected in 2012, Milan worked directly with the nightlife economy in Amsterdam. During his tenure, 24-hour venue permits were granted, and crime around Rembrandtplein square declined. Milan's work has been replicated in places like London, with Mayor Sadiq Khan's 2016 appointment of "night czar" Amy Lamé, and in New York, with Ariel Palitz, in 2018.

Night mayor (municipal title)
Night Mayor (originally Dutch: Nachtburgemeester) is a municipal title used for someone who represents and helps develop a city's nightlife. The earliest known use of the title was in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Irm Hermann
Irmgard Hermann (4 October 1942 – 26 May 2020) was a German actress. She worked in film, television, and the stage, appearing in over 160 film and television productions. She was discovered, without formal training, by Rainer Werner Fassbinder who cast her in many of his films. She was awarded the Deutscher Filmpreis for playing Irmgard Epp in Fassbinder's The Merchant of Four Seasons, and again for appearing as Else Gebel, a woman in prison with Sophie Scholl, in Percy Adlon's Fünf letzte Tage.

Pappa Ante Portas
Pappa Ante Portas is a 1991 German comedy film directed by Loriot, who also played the leading role and wrote the script, and Renate Westphal-Lorenz. This was Loriot's second and final feature film, after 1988's Ödipussi.
Il Barone Rampante
Il Barone Rampante (sometimes known as Benetton Junior) was a Formula 3000 team created by Giuseppe Cipriani. The team took its name from the original Italian title of Italo Calvino's 1957 book The Baron in the Trees.

The team ran in International Formula 3000 from 1991 to 1993 with drivers like Alessandro Zanardi (second in 1991), Rubens Barrichello (third in 1992), Andrea Montermini (second in 1992), Jan Lammers, Max Angelelli and Pedro Chaves.

The team never won a title. Its best results were two second places by Zanardi in 1991 and Montermini in 1992.

They tried to join Formula One as a B-team for Benetton in 1992, through an attempt to buy Fondmetal and Tyrrell, but with no success.

Cipriani revived the name in 2017 to race in the 2017 World Series Formula V8 3.5 season, driving alongside fellow countryman Damiano Fioravanti. The team finished seventh and last in the teams' standings, being the only team to not have won any race during the season.

2017 World Series Formula V8 3.5
The 2017 World Series Formula V8 3.5 was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe, was the second and final season of the Formula V8 3.5 Series The championship features drivers competing in World Series Formula 3.5 V8 formula race cars that conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2017 became the first season as feeder series to FIA World Endurance Championship. The season also marked the return of the name "World Series" after one season, as the FIA accepted the request from promoter RPM Racing. The name "World Series" was retrieved from the championship after Renault Sport withdraw its support and the Formula Renault 3.5 became Formula V8 3.5 for the 2016 season. It was the final season of the series which was promoted by RPM-MKTG since 1998.
Pyrotechnic colorant
A pyrotechnic colorant is a chemical compound which causes a flame to burn with a particular colour. These are used to create the colours in pyrotechnic compositions like fireworks and coloured fires. The colour-producing species are usually created from other chemicals during the reaction. Metal salts are commonly used; elemental metals are used rarely (e.g. copper for blue flames).

The colour of the flame is dependent on the metal cation; the anion of the salt has very little direct influence. The anions however influence the flame temperature, both by increasing it (e.g. nitrates, chlorates) and decreasing it (e.g. carbonates, oxalates), indirectly influencing the flame brightness and brilliancy. For temperature-decreasing additives, the limit of colorant may be about 10–20 wt.% of the composition.

Some common examples are:

Pyrotechnic composition
A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas/smoke or a combination of these, as a result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions.  Pyrotechnic substances do not rely on oxygen from external sources to sustain the reaction.
Marion National Cemetery
Marion National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Marion in Grant County, Indiana. It encompasses 45.1 acres (18.3 ha), and as of the end of 2005, had 8,269 interments.  It is included in the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Marion Branch national historic district.

National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Marion Branch
The National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Marion Branch is a historic old soldiers' home located in Marion, Indiana.  The hospital, along with Marion National Cemetery were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 as a national historic district.
Thooral Ninnu Pochchu
Thooral Ninnu Pochchu (transl. The drizzle has stopped) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written, directed by and starring K. Bhagyaraj. The film also stars Sulakshana and M. N. Nambiar. It was released on 14 April 1982. The film was remade in Telugu as Pelli Choopulu (1983), in Hindi as Mohabbat (1985), and in Kannada as Gowri Kalyana (1991).

M. N. Nambiar
Mannjheri Narayanan Nambiar (7 March 1919 – 19 November 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema, renowned for his portrayals of villainous characters. With a career spanning over eight decades, he became a notable figure in the industry. Nambiar also appeared in a few Malayalam, Telugu, English and Hindi films during his career.

He appeared in many MGR  movies as a villain. Some of the famous ones include Enga Veettu Pillai, Aayirathil Oruvan, Nadodi Mannan, Naalai Namadhe, Padagotti, Thirudathe, En Annan, Kaavalkaaran and Kudiyirundha Koyil.
Leighton Swarts
Leighton Swarts is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Boland in the 2016–17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 12 January 2017. In September 2018, he was named in Limpopo's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut for Limpopo in the 2018 Africa T20 Cup on 14 September 2018.

2016–17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup
The 2016–17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup was a first-class cricket competition that took place in South Africa from 6 October 2016 to 9 April 2017. The competition was played between the thirteen South African provincial teams and Namibia. Unlike its counterpart, the Sunfoil Series, the matches were three days in length instead of four. The tournament was played in parallel with the 2016–17 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge, a List A competition which featured the same teams.

Northerns finished top of Pool A and Free State finished top of Pool B, with both teams progressing to the final of the competition. The final ended as a draw, with both teams sharing the title.
APF Imagination Machine
The APF Imagination Machine is a combination home video game console and home computer system released by APF Electronics Inc. in late 1979. It has two separate components, the APF-M1000 game system, and an add-on docking bay with full sized typewriter keyboard and tape drive. The APF-M1000 was built specifically to compete with the Atari 2600. The full APF Imagination Machine, including the APF-M1000 console and the IM-1 computer component, originally sold for around US$599 (equivalent to $2,600 in 2024).

APF Electronics
APF Electronics Inc. was a publicly traded company in the United States dedicated to consumer electronics. The company's name comes from the initials of the two brothers who founded the company, Al & Phil Friedman.
Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland
The Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland is the oldest water authority in the Netherlands, having received commission to coordinate protection of the land from flooding in 1248 from Count William II of Holland and Zeeland. The council conducts surface water management activities in the area known as Rijnland in the province of South Holland. The Netherlands has 21 Waterboards or Waterschappen acting independently from administrative governing bodies to manage Dutch water control activities along with the fine-mazed polder systems.

Water board (Netherlands)
In the Netherlands, a water board, water council or water authority (Dutch: waterschap or heemraadschap) is a regional governing body solely charged with the management of surface water in the environment. Water boards are independent of administrative governing bodies like provinces and municipalities. In general, they are responsible for managing rivers and canals, issues with the flow of watercourses and drainage issues, water collection, flood and erosion prevention and provision of potable water. They manage polder systems, water levels, water barriers and locks, enforcements, water quality and sewage treatment in their respective regions. The concept of a coordinating "High Water Authority" (Hoogheemraadschap) originated in what now is the province of South Holland in the 12th century.
Xanthe Elbrick
Xanthe Eleanora Marie Davina Elbrick (born 1 December 1978) is an English Tony Award-nominated stage actress. The youngest of four children, Xanthe (pronounced 'Zanthee') was born in London, England, and attended Benenden School.

She was trained at RADA (London) and at the Actors Studio (New York City). She graduated with a Masters in philosophy from the University of Edinburgh in 2000, where she was director of the Edinburgh Footlights Theatre Company.

In 2007, she appeared as Young Alexander Ashbrook and Aaron in the Broadway production of Helen Edmundson's Coram Boy.

She has voiced the female Sith Inquisitor player character in Star Wars: The Old Republic since the game's launch in 2011.

Benenden School
Benenden School is a private boarding school for girls in Kent, England, in Hemsted Park at Benenden, between Cranbrook and Tenterden. Benenden has a boarding population of over 550 girls aged 11 to 18, as well as a limited number of day student spaces.

It was the inspiration for the Malory Towers book series.