hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Sedgwick
Adam Sedgwick FRS (/ˈsɛdʒwɪk/; 22 March 1785 – 27 January 1873) was a British geologist and Anglican priest, one of the founders of modern geology.  He proposed the Cambrian and Devonian period of the geological timescale. Based on work which he did on Welsh rock strata, he proposed the Cambrian period in 1835, in a joint publication in which Roderick Murchison also proposed the Silurian period.  Later in 1840, to resolve what later became known as the Great Devonian Controversy about rocks near the boundary between the Silurian and Carboniferous periods, he and Murchison proposed the Devonian period.

Though he had guided the young Charles Darwin in his early study of geology and continued to be on friendly terms, Sedgwick was an opponent of Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection.

He strongly opposed the admission of women to the University of Cambridge, in one conversation describing aspiring female students as "nasty forward minxes."

Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences
The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, is the geology museum of the University of Cambridge. It is part of the Department of Earth Sciences and is located on the university's Downing Site in Downing Street, central Cambridge, England. The Sedgwick Museum is the oldest of the eight museums which make up the University of Cambridge Museums consortium.
Cylindrocline commersonii
Cylindrocline commersonii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, named after Philibert Commerson. It is found only in Mauritius. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.

Philibert Commerson
Philibert Commerson (French: [filibɛʁ kɔmɛʁsɔ̃]; 18 November 1727 – 14 March 1773), sometimes spelled Commerçon by contemporaries, was a French naturalist, best known for accompanying Louis Antoine de Bougainville on his voyage of circumnavigation in 1766–1769. The standard author abbreviation Comm. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Scriber
A scriber is a hand tool used in metal work to mark lines on workpieces, prior to machining. The process of using a scriber is called scribing and is just part of the process of marking out. It is used instead of pencils or ink lines, because the latter are hard to see, easily erased, and imprecise due to their wide mark; scribe lines are thin and semi-permanent. On non-coated workpieces marking blue is commonly used to increase the contrast of the mark lines.

They are a rod with a tip made of cast steel that has been hardened and tempered. The point is sharpened to an angle of 30 or 40 degrees. Some scribers have a point at both ends. It is used by dragging the point over the surface of the workpiece to leave a shallow scratch on its surface.

Marking out
Marking out or layout means the process of transferring a design or pattern to a workpiece, as the first step in the manufacturing process. It is performed in many industries or hobbies although in the repetition industries the machine's initial setup is designed to remove the need to mark out every individual piece.
Axel Nicolai Herlofson
Axel Nicolai Herlofson (29 August 1845 in Østre Moland – 1910 in Christiania) was a Norwegian fraudster who is known for causing the Arendal crash, after defrauding customers and co-owners of Arendals Privatbank which he had co-founded in 1874. His scheme had some similarities to a Ponzi scheme, and he had systemically falsified the bank's accounts for several years to cover up being insolvent. In 1886 the bank went bankrupt, and an investigation of Herlofson was initiated. He attempted to flee the country, but was arrested in the last minute and sentenced to six years imprisonment with hard labour, which he served in Norway's strictest prison at Akershus Fortress. He died in Christiania.

He was the son of businessman Nicolai Benjamin Aall Herlofson (1807-1884) and Elisabeth Catharine Cappelen (1809-1880). His mother was a daughter of the politician Diderik von Cappelen.

Arendal crash
The Arendal crash (Arendalskrakket) was an economic crisis in Arendal, Norway, that occurred when the bank Arendals Privatbank went bankrupt in 1886 and the bank's co-owner Axel Nicolai Herlofson was revealed to have defrauded customers and co-owners systemically. The crash led to several other bankruptcies and unemployment in Southern Norway, and marked the end of Arendal as an important shipping town. It took over 80 years to overcome the effects of the crash. Herlofson was sentenced to six years penal labour. Only two years after its start in 1874, the bank was in reality bankrupt, but the bank was continued for nine years due to corruption and poor routines or a lack of routines. The debt to Herlofson, his brother Oskar and Strømsbu sag was finally NOK 12 million, corresponding to the entire wealth of Kristiansand's population, or six billion 2012 kroner.
Jelsa (municipality)
Jelsa is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 130-square-kilometre (50 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until 1965. It encompassed an area that surrounds the Sandsfjorden in the present-day municipalities of Suldal, Hjelmeland, and Stavanger. The administrative centre was the village of Jelsa, where Jelsa Church is located.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Joe Maneely
Joseph Maneely (/məˈniːli/; February 18, 1926 – June 7, 1958) was an American comic book artist best known for his work at Marvel Comics' 1950s predecessor, Atlas Comics, where he co-created the Marvel characters the Black Knight, the Ringo Kid, the Yellow Claw, and Jimmy Woo.

Maneely worked at Atlas with Steve Ditko and John Romita, Sr. Writer/editor Stan Lee commented that, "Joe Maneely to me would have been the next Jack Kirby. He also could draw anything, make anything look exciting, and I actually think he was even faster than Jack." Talented and well-respected, he died in a commuter-train accident shortly before Marvel's ascendancy into a commercial and pop-cultural conglomerate.

Jimmy Woo
James "Jimmy" Woo (Woo Yen Jet) is a fictional secret agent appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by EC Comics writer Al Feldstein and artist Joe Maneely, the Chinese American character first appeared in Yellow Claw #1 (October 1956) from Atlas Comics, the 1950s predecessor of Marvel. Woo has since appeared occasionally in a variety of Marvel publications.

The character has made minor appearances in animated media and video games. Additionally, he appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), the Disney+ series WandaVision (2021), and a small cameo in Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023) portrayed by Randall Park.
Drew Gilpin Faust
Catharine Drew Gilpin Faust (born September 18, 1947) is an American historian and author who served as the 28th president of Harvard University from 2007 to 2018. She was Harvard's first female president, its first president since 1672 without a Harvard undergraduate or graduate degree, and the first to have been raised in the South. Faust was also the founding dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. She was repeatedly named one of the world's 100 most powerful women by Forbes, reaching as high as 33rd in 2014.

Bryn Mawr College
Bryn Mawr College (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR, Welsh: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a private women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges, a group of historically women's colleges in the United States. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students. It was one of the first women's colleges in the United States to offer graduate education through a PhD.
TDW
TDW (Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH) is a European company that develops and manufactures warheads for guided weapons. The company was founded in 1994 and has 150 employees based in Schrobenhausen, Germany. TDW is a 100% subsidiary of MBDA Deutschland GmbH and part of the European guided weapon group MBDA.

Schrobenhausen
Schrobenhausen (German pronunciation: [ʃʁoːbn̩ˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Schrobenhausn) is a town in the district of Neuburg-Schrobenhausen in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the River Paar approx. 25 kilometres (16 miles) south-west of Ingolstadt and 35 kilometres (22 miles) north-east of Augsburg.
Goddess of the Market
Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right is a 2009 biography of Ayn Rand by historian Jennifer Burns. The author explores Rand's intellectual development and her relationship to the conservative and libertarian movements. The writing of Rand's books and the development of her philosophy of Objectivism are also covered.

Jennifer Burns (historian)
Jennifer Burns (born 1975) is an American historian serving as the Edgar E. Robinson Professor in United States History at Stanford University and as a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She previously served as assistant professor of history at the University of Virginia from 2007 to 2012. Her research focuses on 20th-century U.S. political and cultural history, including the history of markets, capitalism, and economic ideas.

Burns has published major intellectual biographies of American political-economic thinkers, notably Goddess of the Market (2009) and Milton Friedman: The Last Conservative (2023). Goddess of the Market was reviewed in outlets such as Booklist, The Washington Times, and The New York Times, generally receiving favorable reception.
Scotstounhill
Scotstounhill (/ˈskɒtstənˌhɪl/) is a small area situated in western Glasgow, between south Knightswood and Scotstoun. Housing is mainly in a terraced or villa style, although several high rise flats (also known as tower blocks) can be found in the area (originally six at Kingsway Court, two were demolished in the 2010s and the others renovated). These were built near to the site of the Scotstoun House mansion.

Scotstounhill contains a noted bowling club, and is served by Scotstounhill railway station which has frequent services to and from the city centre.  It also contains Knightswood Shopping Centre in the area with several large shops such as Tesco.

Scotstounhill railway station
Scotstounhill railway station serves Scotstounhill in Glasgow, Scotland. The station lies on the Argyle and North Clyde lines, serving the districts of Scotstoun and Knightswood, with trains to and from Glasgow Central or Queen Street stations and on into the east end.
Ronald Kirkbride
Ronald de Levington Kirkbride (February 1, 1912 – March 23, 1973) was a Canadian writer of escapist romances, Westerns, and mystery novels. He was probably best known for his novel A Girl Named Tamiko, first published in 1959; it sold one million copies worldwide and a screenplay based on that novel become a 1962 film of the same name, directed by John Sturges.

Kirkbride wrote over two dozen other novels, including Winds Blow Gently (1945), The Private Life of Guy de Maupassant (1947), Still the Heart Sings (1948), David Jordan (1972, ISBN 0-85468-161-2), and Some Darling Sin (1973, ISBN 0-491-00934-8).  His spy novel The Short Night was optioned by Alfred Hitchcock to be adapted for a film that was to follow Family Plot, but Hitchcock decided during pre-production that his poor health would prevent him from making the film.

The Short Night
The Short Night was a film planned by British director Alfred Hitchcock.

The project was originally announced in the late 1960s at the time of Topaz and Hitchcock scouted locations in Finland.  A romantic suspense thriller with espionage elements, the script was based on both a same-titled novel by Ronald Kirkbride, and the non-fiction book documenting the case of real-life double agent George Blake titled  The Springing of George Blake by Sean Bourke, the motion picture rights to both of which Hitchcock acquired.
Inside Out (Culture Beat song)
"Inside Out" is a song by German Eurodance band Culture Beat, released in October 1995, by label Dance Pool, as the first single from their third studio album, Inside Out (1995). The song was written by Nosie Katzmann and Jay Supreme with its producer, Doug Laurent. It peaked at number five in Germany and entered the top 10 in Austria, Denmark and Hungary. Outside Europe, the song peaked at number two on the Canadian RPM Dance chart and number 15 on the US Billboard Dance Club Play chart. The accompanying music video was filmed in the US, depicting band members Tania Evans and Jay Supreme in a desert landscape.

Culture Beat
Culture Beat is a German Eurodance project formed in 1989 by Torsten Fenslau. The act has gone through a number of lineup changes over the years; they achieved the most success whilst fronted by British singer Tania Evans and American rapper Jay Supreme. Their 1993 single "Mr. Vain" was a number-one hit in eleven European countries, and the act claims to have sold more than 10 million records worldwide.
2015–16 Formula E Championship
The 2015–16 FIA Formula E Championship was the second season of the FIA Formula E championship, held from 24 October 2015 to 3 July 2016. The season saw seven new manufacturers, who were allowed to develop new power trains, specifically the e-motor, the inverter, the gearbox and the cooling system. Nelson Piquet Jr. was the defending Drivers' Champion and Renault e.dams the defending teams' champion. After ten rounds, Sébastien Buemi won the championship by just two points over Lucas di Grassi after setting the fastest lap in the final race, where neither driver finished following an opening lap crash and several attempts to set the fastest lap in their second cars. Renault e.dams retained the teams' championship.

Oliver Turvey
Oliver Jonathan Turvey (born 1 April 1987) is a British professional racing driver, who most recently competed in Formula E, and is currently signed to DS Penske as a reserve driver and a sporting advisor. He was a notable kart racer, with two national titles, and was the 2006 McLaren Autosport BRDC Award winner. His career has been supported by the Racing Steps Foundation.
Karmzah
Karmzah is a physically challenged super heroine with cerebral palsy whose quest is to fight bad guys in Africa and beyond.  The animation or comic character was created by Farida Bedwei and the Leti Arts team from Ghana. The comic series is found on Afrocomic app on the Google Play Store. The comic character was created in other to celebrate World Cerebral Palsy Day.

Farida Bedwei
Farida Nana Efua Bedwei (born 6 April 1979) is a Ghanaian software engineer and co-founder of Logiciel, a fin-tech company in Ghana. Farida Bedwei has built mobile and enterprise applications, and is also known for her knowledge of software architecture, and deploying mobile services, particularly for banking applications.
Sean Gehon
Sean Gehon (born 1985 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian television personality who resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. Gehon worked as a video store employee until joining MuchMusic VJ Search, ending as the first runner-up — and the only openly gay contestant — in the 2006 series that Tim Deegan won.

Gehon subsequently joined MuchMusic's sister channel Star! as an entertainment reporter for the entertainment magazine Star! Daily. He also hosted Best! Movies! Ever!.

Star! Daily
Star! Daily is a Canadian half-hour daily entertainment television series that aired on the CHUM Limited networks Star!, A-Channel and Citytv. The show was hosted by Dina Pugliese and Husein Madhavji along with entertainment reporters Larysa Harapyn, Liz West, Danielle McGimsie and Sean Gehon.

Following the acquisition of Star! and A-Channel by CTVglobemedia, Star! Daily was discontinued on October 11, 2007, and 22 members of its production staff were laid off. It was replaced on both networks by CTV's own entertainment news program, etalk, which CTVglobemedia staff considered to be a more successful program.
I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got
I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got is the second studio album by the Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor, released in March 1990 by Ensign/Chrysalis Records. It contains O'Connor's version of the Prince song "Nothing Compares 2 U", which was released as a single and reached number one in multiple countries. The album was nominated for four Grammy Awards in 1991, including Record of the Year, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, and Best Music Video, Short Form for "Nothing Compares 2 U", winning the award for Best Alternative Music Performance.  However, O'Connor refused to accept the nominations and award. The album has sold over seven million copies worldwide.

Philip King (musician)
Philip King (born 1 May 1952 in Cork, Ireland) is an Irish musician, producer, filmmaker and broadcaster. As a vocalist and a harmonica player, he is a founding member of the band Scullion. He is noted for his knowledge of the roots of Irish music and culture and their cross-fertilisation with those of the United States. King is fluent in Irish and English.
Ark Ecological NGO
Ark Ecological NGO (also known as Ark Armenia) is a non-governmental organization founded in 2013 working for sustainable development, especially through projects of ecotourism, permaculture and fitness in Syunik Province, Armenia. The organization has its headquarters in Kapan and has built three ecocamps in the Syunik Province (Kapan, Arajadzor and Tandzaver) to host volunteers, tourists, and develop its projects related to permaculture, fitness and hiking.

Kapan
Kapan (Armenian: Կապան [kɑˈpɑn]) is a town in southeast Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of the Kapan Municipality and also as the provincial capital of Syunik Province. It is located in the valley of the Voghji River and is on the northern slopes of Mount Khustup. Kapan is the most populous town in the Syunik Province as well as the entire region of southern Armenia. According to the 2011 census, the population of Kapan was 43,190, a slight decline from 45,711 in the 2001 census. According to the 2022 census, the current population of the town is around 32,780.
Derwenlas
Derwenlas is a hamlet in northern Powys, Wales. It is part of the community of Cadfarch.

Part of the historic county of Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn) from 1536 to 1974, it lies on the River Dyfi and was once a port serving the market town of Machynlleth. Derwenlas lies on the A487 trunk road from Machynlleth to Aberystwyth.

Cadfarch
Cadfarch is a community a few miles to the south and southeast of Machynlleth in Powys (previously Montgomeryshire) in Wales. The community's western and southern border is with the neighbouring county of Ceredigion, while the northwest corner touches Gwynedd.

The community includes the villages and settlements of Penegoes, Forge, Derwenlas and Abergwydol. also Aberhosan and Melinbyrhedyn. In 2011 the community had a population of 855 with 538 of them Welsh speakers. It has the highest Welsh identity in Montgomeryshire, with 66% having some form of Welsh identity.

"Cadfarch" is also the name of a 6th-century Welsh saint and the church at Penegoes is dedicated to him.
Operation Archery
Operation Archery, also known as the Måløy Raid, was a British Combined Operations raid during World War II against German positions on the island of Vågsøy, Norway, on 27 December 1941.

British Commandos of No. 3 Commando, two troops of No. 2 Commando, a medical detachment of No. 4 Commando, a demolition party from 101 Troop (canoe) of No. 6 Commando, and a dozen Norwegians from Norwegian Independent Company 1 conducted the raid. The Royal Navy, led by the light cruiser HMS Kenya, with the destroyers HMS Onslow, Oribi, Offa and Chiddingfold, provided fire support. The submarine HMS Tuna was in support as the force navigational check. Prince Charles and Prince Leopold transported the troops. Also in support were Royal Air Force bombers and fighter-bombers.

HMS Oribi
HMS Oribi (G66)  was an O-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. Following the style of her sister ships, she was named with a word beginning with O. She was to have been named HMS Observer; because her building was sponsored by the South African government, she was named HMS Oribi, after the oribi, a South African antelope. In 1942, after a successful warship week, the ship was "adopted" by Havant, Hampshire.
Sinclair, West Virginia
Sinclair is an unincorporated community in Preston County, West Virginia, United States, located at the intersection of Davis Hill Road and Sinclair Coalbank Road. The town is named after oil drilling in the area performed by Sinclair Oil Corp. The Sinclair United Methodist Church is also located in Sinclair, West Virginia.

Preston County, West Virginia
Preston County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 34,216. Its county seat is Kingwood. The county was formed from Monongalia County in 1818 and named for Virginia Governor James Patton Preston.

Preston County is part of the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the southernmost county of the Pittsburgh media market. It is the home of The Buckwheat Festival, a county fair known for making buckwheat pancakes.
Jollyboat (dinghy)
Traditionally the term jolly boat refers to a boat carried by a ship, powered by 4 or six oars and occasionally yawl rigged sails. The term might also refer to

A Jollyboat is a 1953 sailing dinghy designed by Uffa Fox. It was the fastest dinghy in its day, and was built by Fairey Marine 1953 - 1971.

A Jollyboat is a New Zealand sailing dinghy designed by John Spencer. It is intended to be suitable for low cost home construction for sailing by teenagers or a parent and child.

Jolly Boat a 15-foot ketch rigged heavy open boat available in GRP and designed by famous yacht designer Laurent Giles and made by AJS Marine in Chichester. AJS marine brochure

Uffa Fox
Uffa Fox CBE (15 January 1898 – 26 October 1972) was an English boat designer and sailing enthusiast, responsible for a number of innovations in boat design. Not afraid of  courting controversy or causing offence, he is remembered for his eccentric behaviour and pithy quotes, as much as for his original boat designs.
Chloe Hooper
Chloe Melisande Hooper (born 1973) is an Australian author.

Her first novel, A Child's Book of True Crime (2002), was short-listed for the Orange Prize for Literature and was a New York Times Notable Book.  In 2005, she turned to reportage and the next year won a Walkley Award for her writing on the 2004 Palm Island death in custody case. The Tall Man: Death and Life on Palm Island (2008) is a non-fiction account of the same case. Her 2018 book, The Arsonist: A Mind on Fire, published in the United States by Seven Stories Press in 2020, investigates the Black Saturday bushfires, one of the most devastating wildfires in Australian history.

The Monthly
The Monthly is an Australian national magazine of politics, society and the arts, which is published eleven times per year on a monthly basis except the December/January issue. Founded in 2005, it is published by Melbourne property developer Morry Schwartz.
Popielewo, Bytów County
Popielewo [pɔpjɛˈlɛvɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Trzebielino, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Trzebielino
Gmina Trzebielino is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Trzebielino, which lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) west of Bytów and 103 km (64 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 225.45 square kilometres (87.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,716.