hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
Leopold (29 August 1790 – 24 April 1852) succeeded in 1830 as the Grand Duke of Baden, reigning until his death in 1852.

Although a younger child, Leopold was the first son of Margrave Karl Friederich of Baden by his second, morganatic wife, Louise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg. Since Luise Karoline was not of equal birth with the Margrave, the marriage was deemed morganatic and the resulting children were perceived as incapable of inheriting their father's dynastic status or the sovereign rights of the Zähringen House of Baden. Luise Karoline and her children were given the titles of baron and baroness, in 1796 count or countess von Hochberg.

Baden gained territory during the Napoleonic Wars. As a result, Margrave Karl Friederich was elevated to the title of Prince-Elector within the Holy Roman Empire. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, he took the title Grand Duke of Baden.

Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse or to any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms.

Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner). Usually, neither the bride nor any children of the marriage has a claim on the husband's succession rights, titles, precedence, or entailed property. The children are considered legitimate for all other purposes and the prohibition against bigamy applies. In some countries, a woman could also marry a man of lower rank morganatically.
Toporzyk, Wałcz County
Toporzyk [tɔˈpɔʐɨk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mirosławiec, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) east of Mirosławiec, 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Wałcz, and 109 km (68 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Mirosławiec
Gmina Mirosławiec is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Mirosławiec, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Wałcz and 101 km (63 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 203.27 square kilometres (78.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,026 (out of which the population of Mirosławiec amounts to 2,633, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,393).
FC Prefab 05 Modelu
Prefab 05 Modelu was a Romanian professional football club from Modelu, Călărași County, founded in 2005 and dissolved in 2008.

The club played for two and a half seasons in the Liga II, between 2006 and 2008, but the lack of results forced its owner to dissolve it.

2006–07 Liga II
The 2006–07 Liga II was the 67th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system. The name of the leagues in Romania was changed started with this season. (Divizia A was renamed as Liga I, Divizia B as Liga II, Divizia C as Liga III, Divizia D as Liga IV).

The format has been changed from three series of 16 teams to two series, each of them consisting of 18 teams. The top two teams from each series were promoted at the end of the season to the Liga I, while the bottom four were relegated to the Liga III.
Jean Lenoir (composer)
Jean Lenoir pseudonym for Jean Bernard Daniel Neuburger (26 February 1891 – 19 January 1976) was a French songwriter, whose work included chansons and romantic light film songs.

Lenoir was born in Paris. His most famous song, for which he wrote both melody and lyrics, was Parlez-moi d'amour (1930). It was composed for the cabaret Chez les Borgia and was recorded by Lucienne Boyer. An instrumental version of the song is playing in the background, in the 1942 movie Casablanca, in the scene where Ilsa and Victor first enter Rick's Cafe. By 1970, it had already been performed by more than 167 artists, including: Duke Ellington, Ray Charles, Maurice Chevalier, Ray Conniff and Barbra Streisand.

Lenoir died in Suresnes, aged 84.

Lucienne Boyer
Lucienne Boyer (18 August 1901 – 6 December 1983) was a French entertainer and musician, best known for her song "Parlez-moi d'amour". Her impresario was Bruno Coquatrix. According to the New York Times, she "reigned as queen of Paris nightlife during the 1930s".
Gurupí River
The Gurupi River is a river in north-central Brazil that forms the boundary between Maranhão and Pará states. The Gurupi rises in the low hills that separate its basin from that of the Tocantins River to the south, and flows north into the Atlantic Ocean. The Serra do Tiracambu lies to the east, and separates the basin of the Gurupi from that of the Pindaré River.

Part of the basin lies in the 271,197 hectares (670,140 acres) Gurupi Biological Reserve, a fully protected conservation unit created in 1988. The average annual rainfall is 2,169 millimetres (85.4 in).
Temperatures range from 22 to 32 °C (72 to 90 °F) with an average of 27 °C (81 °F).
The Gurupi basin is home to tropical moist broadleaf forest, and lies within the Tocantins–Araguaia–Maranhão moist forest ecoregion.

Tocantins–Araguaia–Maranhão moist forests
The Tocantins–Araguaia–Maranhão moist forests (NT0170), also called the Tocantins/Pindaré moist forests, is an ecoregion in the north of Brazil to the south of the mouth of the Amazon River. It is part of the Amazon biome.
The ecoregion contains the city of Belém, capital of the state of Pará. 
It is the most developed part of the Amazon region, and is one of the most severely degraded natural habitats of the region.
Aoba-dōri Station
Aoba-dōri Station (あおば通駅, Aoba-dōri-eki) is a JR East railway station located in Aoba-ku in Sendai, Miyagi. Its official English name is Aobadori Avenue.

There is a direct transfer gate between the platform of this station to the platform of the Sendai Subway Namboku Line in Sendai Station. The Sendai Subway Tōzai Line is connected through the platform of the Namboku Line.  Before the extension of the Senseki Line from Sendai Station, passengers from the subway would have to disembark and walk a good distance to the Senseki Line platform in Sendai Station. It is the departure station for the Mangattan, a "manga train" that runs every Sunday with manga characters from Shotaro Ishinomori's work decorated on the body of the train.

Aoba-ku, Sendai
Aoba-ku (青葉区) is one of five wards of Sendai, the largest city in the Tōhoku region of Japan.  Aoba-ku encompasses 302.278 km² and had a population of 296,551, with 147,622 households as of March 1, 2012.
FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup is an annual freestyle skiing competition arranged by the International Ski Federation since 1980. Currently six disciplines are included in world cup: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle and big air. In the 1980s and 1990s there were also ski ballet and combined, which no longer exist.

Races are hosted primarily at ski resorts in North America, the Alps in Europe, with regular stops in Scandinavia, east Asia, but a few races have also been held in the Southern Hemisphere. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 22 countries around the world: Australia, Austria, Belarus, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,  New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the United States. (note that all world cup races hosted at ski resort in Ukraine was still part of Soviet Union respectively.)

Ski ballet
Ski ballet is a form of ballet performed on skis.  It is very similar to figure skating, combining spins, jumps, and flips in a two-minute routine choreographed to music.  It was part of the professional freestyle skiing tours of the 1970s and 1980s and then an official FIS and Olympic discipline until the year 2000. Ski ballet became known as Acroski in the 1990s in an effort to legitimize its place among the competitive ski community, especially to the FIS. It is no longer a part of competitive freestyle skiing.
The U.S. and the Holocaust
The U.S. and the Holocaust is a 2022 three-part documentary miniseries about the United States' response to the Holocaust. The series was directed by Ken Burns, Lynn Novick, and Sarah Botstein, and was written by frequent Burns collaborator Geoffrey C. Ward.

The miniseries premiered on PBS on September 18, 20, and 21, 2022 and has since then been available to stream on PBS.org and the PBS video app.

Sarah Botstein
Sarah Botstein is an American documentary film producer. She has worked with Ken Burns and Lynn Novick on various documentaries since 2001. She, Ken Burns and David P. Schmidt directed the six-part PBS miniseries The American Revolution released November 2025.
Aga siis
"Aga siis" (English: "But Then") is a song performed by Estonian singer Jüri Pootsmann. The song was released as a digital download on 13 November 2015 through Universal Music Group as the second single from his self-titled extended play. The song peaked at number 1 on the Estonian Airplay Chart.

Jüri Pootsmann
Jüri Pootsmann (born 1 July 1994), is an Estonian singer. He won the sixth season of Eesti otsib superstaari, and represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "Play". He is signed to Universal Music Baltics.
Caseyville, Kentucky
Caseyville is an unincorporated community in Union County, Kentucky, United States. Caseyville is located on the Ohio River and Kentucky Route 1508, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of Sturgis.

During the Civil War, many of Caseyville's residents were Confederate sympathizers, and Confederate troops used the community as a base during skirmishes in October 1862. After the Confederates seized a Union steamboat, Union troops at Battery Rock entered into a standoff with the troops at Caseyville. The Confederates eventually left the town, and the Union Army entered the city; after temporarily arresting every male resident of the town and charging a fee for damages to the steamer, the army mandated that the town bar Confederate troops from entering.

Union County, Kentucky
Union County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,668. Its county seat is Morganfield. The county was created effective January 15, 1811.

The county is located on the east bank of the Ohio River opposite its confluence with the Wabash River. Union County, along with neighboring Posey County, Indiana, and Gallatin County, Illinois, form the tri-point of the Illinois–Indiana–Kentucky tri-state area.
Cyproconazole
Cyproconazole is an agricultural fungicide of the class of azoles, used on cereal crops, coffee, sugar beet, fruit trees and grapes, and peanuts, on sod farms and golf course turf and on wood as a preservative. It has been used against powdery mildew, rust on cereals  and apple scab, and applied by air or on the ground or by chemigation.

In the US approval began in 1993, and it was introduced to the market by then Sandoz in 1994, which as of 2000 has been Syngenta. EU approval began in June 2011 and expired after 10 years in May 2021. It is persistent in both soil and water systems. The European Community has classified cyproconazole into carcinogen category 3 as limited evidence, as reproductive toxicant, and as  dangerous for the environment, because very toxic to aquatic organisms, causing acute and long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. While it is moderately toxic to mammals and most aquatic organisms, earthworms and honeybees, it is highly toxic to birds.

Azole
Azoles are a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom and at least one other non-carbon atom (i.e. nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen) as part of the ring. Their names originate from the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature. The parent compounds are aromatic and have two double bonds; there are successively reduced analogs (azolines and azolidines) with fewer. One, and only one, lone pair of electrons from each heteroatom in the ring is part of the aromatic bonding in an azole. Names of azoles maintain the prefix upon reduction (e.g., pyrazoline, pyrazolidine). The numbering of ring atoms in azoles starts with the heteroatom that is not part of a double bond, and then proceeds towards the other heteroatom.

Imidazole and other five-membered aromatic heterocyclic systems with two nitrogens are extremely common in nature and form the core of many biomolecules, such as histidine.
Quinton, Northamptonshire
Quinton is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Northampton town centre along the road from Wootton to Hanslope, near Salcey Forest.

The village's name means 'Queen's farm/settlement'; or perhaps 'farm/settlement of Cwena' or 'woman's farm/settlement'.

Hanslope
Hanslope is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority area of the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about 4 miles (6.4 km) west northwest of Newport Pagnell, about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Stony Stratford and 8 miles (13 km) north of Central Milton Keynes. The northern parish boundary is part of the county boundary with Northamptonshire.

The West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow passes through the western part of the parish, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the village.
Phenothiazine
Phenothiazine, abbreviated PTZ, is an organic compound that has the formula S(C6H4)2NH and is related to the thiazine-class of heterocyclic compounds.  Derivatives of phenothiazine are highly bioactive and have widespread use.

The derivatives chlorpromazine and promethazine revolutionized the fields of psychiatry and allergy treatment, respectively. An earlier derivative, methylene blue, was one of the first antimalarial drugs, and derivatives of phenothiazine are currently under investigation as possible anti-infective drugs.  Phenothiazine is a prototypical pharmaceutical lead structure in medicinal chemistry.

Thiazine
Thiazine /ˈθaɪəziːn/ is an organic compound containing a ring of four carbon, one nitrogen and one sulfur atom. There are three isomers of thiazine, 1,2-thiazine, 1,3-thiazine, and 1,4-thiazine, which differ by the arrangement of the nitrogen and sulfur atoms in the ring.

Derivatives of thiazine, often referred to as thiazines, are used for dyes, tranquilizers and insecticides.
Grande Yellowhead Public School Division No. 77
Grande Yellowhead Public School Division  (GYPSD) is a public school board that serves the Yellowhead County. GYPSD operates schools in Evansburg, Wildwood, Niton, Fulham, Edson, Hinton, Grande Cache, Jasper as well as rural schools in the area. The division's name was originally called Grande Yellowhead Regional Division No. 35 until it was changed to Grande Yellowhead Public School Division No. 77 in 2009.

Hinton, Alberta
Hinton is a town in the foothills of Alberta, Canada, with a population of 9,817. It is in Yellowhead County, 81 km (50 mi) northeast of Jasper and about 284 km (176 mi) west of Alberta's capital city, Edmonton, at the intersection of the Yellowhead and Bighorn Highways. Situated on the south bank of the Athabasca River, Hinton is on Treaty 6 territory.

The Town of Hinton is named after its railway station, which in turn was named after William Hinton, a manager for the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway at the time it was built, in 1911. The area has been on Indigenous travel routes for thousands of years, and a fur trade route beginning in 1810. Its first homesteads were established at the end of the 19th Century. Aside from a coal boom in the 1930s, the population around the Hinton station remained low until 1956 when Northwest Pulp and Power built a pulp mill. The new town, with a population over 3,500, was incorporated in 1958.
Ray Suen
Ray Suen (born July 5, 1985) is an American musician and composer based in Los Angeles, California, best known for his work with Childish Gambino, Lorde and Mariachi El Bronx.

He composed and produced his first film score for Elliott Lester's The Thicket (film), released September 6, 2024. The score was released as a soundtrack album on September 13, 2024 on Lakeshore Records.

He is currently performing as Musical Director for David Byrne's "Who Is The Sky? Tour."

Louis XIV (band)
Louis XIV was an American rock band from San Diego, California. The band released four EPs between 2003 and 2007, and three albums between 2003 and 2008, the latter two of which were distributed by Atlantic Records. The band broke up in 2009, but in 2013, in an interview with The Reno Dispatch, Jason Hill confirmed that the band had decided to reunite. The band broke up later that year.
Teaselville, Texas
Teaselville, also known as Loftin, is an unincorporated community in Smith County, Texas, United States. Teaselville is located at the junction of Farm to Market Road 344 and Farm to Market Road 346, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Bullard.

Smith County, Texas
Smith County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 233,479. Its county seat is Tyler. Smith County is named for James Smith, a general during the Texas Revolution. Smith County is part of the Tyler metropolitan statistical area and the Tyler–Jacksonville combined statistical area.
Eckert number
The Eckert number (Ec) is a dimensionless number used in continuum mechanics. It expresses the relationship between a flow's kinetic energy and the boundary layer enthalpy difference, and is used to characterize heat transfer  dissipation. It is named after Ernst R. G. Eckert.

It is defined as

where

u is the local flow velocity of the continuum,

cp is the constant-pressure local specific heat of the continuum,

is the difference between wall temperature and local temperature.

Ernst R. G. Eckert
Ernst Rudolph Georg Eckert (September 13, 1904 – July 8, 2004) was an Austrian American engineer and scientist who advanced the film cooling technique for aeronautical engines. He earned his Diplom Ingenieur and doctorate in 1927 and 1931, respectively, and habilitated in 1938. Eckert worked as a jet engine scientist at the Hermann Göring Aviation Research Institute near Braunschweig, Germany, then via Operation Paperclip, began jet propulsion research in 1945 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. In 1951, Eckert joined the University of Minnesota in the department of mechanical engineering. Eckert published over 550 scientific papers and books. The Eckert number in fluid dynamics was named after him.

In 1995 the National Academy of Engineering honored Eckert with its thirteenth Founders Award.

Eckert's son-in-law Horst Henning Winter, a specialist in rheology, is professor at UMass Amherst.
Szczuczarz
Szczuczarz [ˈʂt͡ʂut͡ʂaʂ] (German: Zützer) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człopa within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Człopa, 37 km (23 mi) south-west of Wałcz, and 106 km (66 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Gmina Człopa
Gmina Człopa is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Człopa, which lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) south-west of Wałcz and 110 km (68 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 348.37 square kilometres (134.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,124 (out of which the population of Człopa amounts to 2,390, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 2,734).
Cairo Conservatoire
The Cairo Conservatoire (Egyptian Arabic: معهد الكونسرفتوار; transliteration: Ma'had el-Konservatwar; full name: "المعهد العالي للموسيقى "الكونســرفاتوار) is the primary music conservatory in Egypt. Founded in 1959, the Cairo Conservatoire is part of Egypt's Academy of Arts.

Mohamed Abdelwahab Abdelfattah
Mohamed Abdelwahab Abdelfattah (Arabic: محمد عبدالوهاب عبدالفتاح; born 1962) is an Egyptian composer of contemporary classical music and educator. He is a member of Egypt's third generation of classical composers.
Edison Pettit
Edison Pettit (September 22, 1889 – May 6, 1962) was an American astronomer.

He was born in Peru, Nebraska. Pettit received his bachelor's degree from the Nebraska State Normal School in Peru. He taught astronomy at Washburn College in Topeka, Kansas from 1914 to 1918. He married Hannah Steele Pettit, who was an assistant at Yerkes Observatory, and received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1920.

Shortly after he became a staff member at Mount Wilson Observatory. He initially specialized in solar astronomy and built his own thermocouples. He also made visual observations of Mars and Jupiter. Even after his retirement he continued to make spectrographs for various observatories in the machine shop in his home. His two daughters, Marjorie Pettit Meinel and Helen Pettit Knaflich were both astronomers.

Pettit crater on the Moon and another Crater on Mars are named after him.

Peru State College
Peru State College (Peru) is a public college in Peru, Nebraska, United States. It was founded by members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1865, and opened in 1866 as Mount Vernon Academy.  It is the first and oldest institution of higher education in Nebraska.

The college is organized into three schools, each supporting a different set of majors, including a graduate program, plus an extensive online education program.
23 Parachute Engineer Regiment
23 Parachute Engineer Regiment is a Royal Engineers regiment in the British Army that was formed in 2003. It provides engineer support to 16 Air Assault Brigade in both the parachute and air assault role. The regiment is currently based at Rock Barracks in Suffolk and consists of three regular squadrons and one Army Reserve squadron. As part of 16 Air Assault Brigade it can be called upon to deploy on operations across the globe at extremely short notice.

MOD Woodbridge
Ministry of Defence Woodbridge or MOD Woodbridge is a military installation located near the town of Woodbridge, in Suffolk, England. The site opened in 2006 and is operated by the British Army and incorporates both Rock Barracks and Woodbridge Airfield. The barracks are home to two Royal Engineers regiments. The airfield is used periodically by helicopters of the Army Air Corps for training exercises.

The site was previously known as RAF Woodbridge and had periods where it was operated by the Royal Air Force and United States Air Force. The RAF station closed in August 1993.
Side reaction
A side reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs at the same time as the actual main reaction, but to a lesser extent. It leads to the formation of by-product, so that the yield of main product is reduced:

P1 is the main product if k1> k2. The by-product P2 is generally undesirable and must be separated from the actual main product (usually in a costly process).

By-product
A by-product or byproduct is a secondary product derived from a production process, manufacturing process or chemical reaction; it is not the primary product or service being produced.

A by-product can be useful and marketable or it can be considered waste: for example, bran, which is a byproduct of the milling of wheat into refined flour, is sometimes composted or burned for disposal, but in other cases, it can be used as a nutritious ingredient in human food or animal feed. Gasoline was once a byproduct of oil refining that later became a desirable commercial product as motor fuel. The plastic used in plastic shopping bags also started as a by-product of oil refining. By-products are sometimes called co-products to indicate that although they are secondary, they are desired products. For example, hides and leather may be called co-products of beef production. There is no strict distinction between by-products and co-products.