hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nelson Sullivan
John Nelson Sullivan (March 15, 1948 – July 4, 1989) was an American videographer who chronicled life in Downtown Manhattan’s arts and club scene from 1976 until his death. His hundreds of videos documented daily life in the city, nights out on the town and private moments with friends in the local entertainment community, including RuPaul, Keith Haring, Sylvia Miles, Larry Tee, Susanne Bartsch, Tom Rubnitz, Lady Bunny, Phoebe Legere, Michael Musto, Ethyl Eichelberger, John Sex, and Michael Alig.

Viewed today, Sullivan’s video record of his life represents a pre-Internet form of vlogging, while his frequently used technique of turning the camera to face himself clearly anticipates the modern selfie.

In 2012, Sullivan’s video archive was received as a donation by the Fales Library & Special Collections at New York University. Edited versions of select tapes may be viewed on the YouTube channel 5NinthAvenueProject.

Michael Musto
Michael Musto (born December 3, 1955) is an American journalist who has long been a prevalent presence in entertainment-related publications, as well as on websites and television shows. He is best known as a columnist for The Village Voice, where he wrote the La Dolce Musto column of gossip, nightlife, reviews, interviews, and political observations for almost three decades, starting in 1984. In 2021, he started writing articles about nightlife, movies, theater, NYC, and LGBTQ politics for the revived Village Voice, which returned as a print publication, with accompanying website, and now is web only.

His books are Downtown and Manhattan on the Rocks, as well as a compilation of selected columns published as La Dolce Musto: Writings By The World's Most Outrageous Columnist and a subsequent collection, Fork on the Left, Knife in the Back.
Mark 11
Mark 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, beginning Jesus' final "hectic" week, before his death as he arrives in Jerusalem for the coming Passover. It contains the stories of Jesus's entry into Jerusalem, his cursing of the fig tree, his conflict with the Temple money changers, and his argument with the chief priests and elders about his authority. Biblical commentator Christopher Tuckett notes that "the Passion narrative in Mark is usually adjudged to start at chapter 14, but there is a real sense in which it can be said to start ... at the start of chapter 11".

Jerusalem in Christianity
Jerusalem's role in first-century Christianity, during the ministry of Jesus and the Apostolic Age, as recorded in the New Testament, gives it great importance, both culturally and religiously, in Christianity. Jerusalem is generally considered the cradle of Christianity.
Duke of Swabia
The Dukes of Swabia were the rulers of the Duchy of Swabia during the Middle Ages. Swabia was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German kingdom, and its dukes were thus among the most powerful magnates of Germany. The most notable family to rule Swabia was the Hohenstaufen family, who held it, with a brief interruption, from 1079 until 1268. For much of that period, the Hohenstaufen were also Holy Roman Emperors. With the death of Conradin, the last Duke of Hohenstaufen, the duchy itself disintegrated although King Rudolf I attempted to revive it for his Habsburg family in the late 13th century.

Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historical and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the historic settlement area of the  Germanic tribe alliances named Alemanni and Suebi.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the early modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 800,000 by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, out of a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.
Golondrinas, New Mexico
35°53′29″N 105°11′18″W﻿ / ﻿35.89139°N 105.18833°W﻿ / 35.89139; -105.18833
Golondrinas ("The Swallows") is an unincorporated community in Mora County, New Mexico, United States, on State Route 161 next to the Mora River, approximately 18 mi (29 km) south of the town of Mora. It is at an elevation of 6,833 ft (2,083 m).

Golondrinas was founded in 1835 as one of the villages in the 827,621-acre (3,349.26 km2) Mora land grant and from 1851-1891 supplied Fort Union with produce.

In the center of the village is the adobe church San Acacio de las Golondrinas  which was built in 1862. Golondrinas has never had its own post office, but its ZIP code is 87712.

Mora County, New Mexico
Mora County (Spanish: Condado de Mora) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,189. Its county seat is the census-designated place (CDP) Mora. The county has another CDP, Watrous, a village, Wagon Mound, and 12 smaller unincorporated settlements. Mora became a formal county in the US, in what was then the New Mexico Territory, on February 1, 1860. Ecclesiastically, the county is within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe. County population peaked at about 14,000 circa 1920, declining to about 4,000 to 5,000 since the 1970s; the 2018 estimate was 4,506.
Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000
The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000 (c. 44) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  It set the age of consent for male homosexual sexual activities and for heterosexual anal sex at 16 (17 in Northern Ireland), which had long been the age of consent for all other types of sexual activities, such as vaginal sex or lesbian sex. As such, it made the age of consent for all types of sexual acts equal, without discriminating on the basis of the type of act or of the sexes of those involved in the act. It also introduced the new offence of 'having sexual intercourse or engaging in any other sexual activity with a person under 18 if in a position of trust in relation to that person'.

Position of trust
A position of trust is any position that grants a person authority over another person or people, or valuable things, and carries a legal and ethical obligation to appropriately exercise that authority. The term may be used in a more restricted sense as defined by an organization or by legislation.

According to one common definition, it is any position that has liability for "cash, keys, or kids (minors)". The concept of "keys" refers to security, including IT security and management.

Crimes may be punished more severely if committed by a person in a position of trust, and people proposed for positions of trust may be subject to background checks, and scrutiny of their actions.
VII Corps (United Kingdom)
The VII Corps was an army corps of the British Army active in the First and Second World Wars. In the early part of the Second World War, it was part of the defence forces of the United Kingdom, and later acted as a shadow formation for deception purposes.

Andrew McNaughton
General Andrew George Latta McNaughton PC CH CB CMG DSO CD (25 February 1887 – 11 July 1966) was a Canadian electrical engineer, scientist, army officer, cabinet minister, and diplomat.

Before the First World War, McNaughton was a professor of engineering at McGill University. During the war he distinguished himself as an officer of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, was wounded twice and was twice awarded the Distinguished Service Order. In the interwar period, McNaughton served as Chief of the General Staff, where he was instrumental in modernizing and mechanizing the Canadian Army.

McNaughton commanded major Canadian field units in the first half of the Second World War and served as the commander of the First Canadian Army until he was relieved in 1943. He then served as Minister of National Defence until the end of the war. During his tenure as Minister, McNaughton was involved in the crisis surrounding the decision to send conscripts, known as "Zombies," for overseas service.
Winsome Pinnock
Winsome Pinnock FRSL (born 1961) is a British playwright of Jamaican heritage, who is "probably Britain's most well known black female playwright". She was described in The Guardian as "the godmother of black British playwrights".

Bush Theatre
The Bush Theatre is located in the Passmore Edwards Public Library, Shepherd's Bush, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. It was established in 1972 as a showcase for the work of new writers.
Mary Wells Morris
Mary Wells Morris (September 4, 1764 – November 6, 1819) is the person after whom Wellsboro, Pennsylvania is named. She was born in Burlington County, New Jersey. She moved to Tioga County with her husband Benjamin, her son Samuel, and her daughter Rebecca. They were Philadelphia Quakers. They became the first residents of the Wellsboro. She remained in Wellsboro until she died on November 6, 1819; she is buried with her husband in the Wellsboro Cemetery.

In 2009, a life-size bronze statue was erected in her honor. Despite not finding any remaining images of Mary Wells, the designers of the statue crafted a likeness based on surviving images of her mother.

Wellsboro, Pennsylvania
Wellsboro is a borough in and the county seat of Tioga County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough was founded by Benjamin Wistar Morris. It is located 52 miles (84 km) northwest of Williamsport. The population was 3,472 at the 2020 census.

Early in the 20th century, Wellsboro was the shipping point and trade center for a large area. It had fruit evaporators, flour and woolen mills, a milk-condensing plant, marble works, saw mills, foundry and machine shops, and manufactories of cut glass, chemicals, rugs, bolts, cigars, carriages, and furniture. In 1900, 2,945 people lived here; in 1910, 3,183 lived here. It is also home to the Grand Canyon of Pennsylvania. It is a local tourist destination known for its iconic gas lamps that are spaced through the grass median of Main Street.
Pineto
Pineto is a town and comune in the province of Teramo, Abruzzo, in central Italy. It is a 20th-century seaside resort on the Adriatic coast, with sandy beaches shaded by pine trees that give their name to the town.

Province of Teramo
The province of Teramo (Italian: provincia di Teramo; Abruzzese: pruvìngie de Tèreme) is a province in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Teramo. The province has an area of 1,948 square kilometres (752 sq mi), a population of 313,029 (2012), and is subdivided into 47 comuni (sg.: comune), see comunes of the province of Teramo. The province of Teramo shares its northern border with the province of Ascoli Piceno in the Marche region, southern and southwestern borders with the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region, and a western border with the province of Rieti in the Lazio region. To the south is the province of Pescara in the Abruzzo region and to the east is the Adriatic Sea.
Kuroshio, Kōchi
Kuroshio (黒潮町, Kuroshio-chō) is a town located in Hata District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2022, the town had an estimated population of 10,504 in 5443 households, and a population density of 56 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 188.59 square kilometres (72.82 sq mi). The residents speak a distinct dialect of Japanese known as Hata-ben.

Kōchi Prefecture
Kōchi Prefecture (高知県, Kōchi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [koꜜː.tɕi, koː.tɕi̥ꜜ.keɴ], locally [koː.tɕi]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Kōchi Prefecture has a population of 669,516 (1 April 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,103 km2 (2,742 sq mi). Kōchi Prefecture borders Ehime Prefecture to the northwest and Tokushima Prefecture to the northeast.

Kōchi is the capital and largest city of Kōchi Prefecture, with other major cities including Nankoku, Shimanto, and Kōnan. Kōchi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific coast surrounding a large bay in the south of Shikoku, with the southernmost point of the island located at Cape Ashizuri in Tosashimizu. Kōchi Prefecture is home to Kōchi Castle, considered the most intact Japanese castle, and the Shimanto River, one of the few undammed rivers in Japan.
Ch'aki Mayu (Cochabamba)
Ch'aki Mayu (Quechua ch'aki dry, mayu river, "dry river", Hispanicized spelling Chaqui Mayu) is a Bolivian river in the Cochabamba Department, Quillacollo Province, Sipe Sipe Municipality. It is a right affluent of the Rocha River which belongs to the Amazon river basin. Ch'aki Mayu flows in a large bow from the west to the east around Sipe Sipe. The confluence with the Rocha River is south east of the town.

Quillacollo Province
Quillacollo is a province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia.
It is known for its festival in August where people from all over Bolivia come and pay homage to the Virgin of Urqupiña (Virgen de Urqupiña). Quillacollo is said to be one of the fastest-growing cities in Bolivia.
Baleroy Mansion
The Baleroy Mansion is a 32-room estate located in the historic and affluent Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It has obtained the title of "Most Haunted Home in America" The name "Baleroy" was chosen by its owner George Meade Easby, great-grandson of General George Meade (hero of the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War). The estate's name was likely derived from Balleroy in France.

George Meade Easby
George Gordon Meade Easby (June 3, 1918 – December 11, 2005), also known as Meade or Mr. Easby was an American artist, actor and film producer. He also served as an employee of the U.S. State Department for over twenty-five years and as a talk host on an AM radio station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Easby was the great-grandson of General George Meade, victor of the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg against Robert E. Lee, and a descendant of seven signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Easby's mother was a descendant of Nicholas Waln, who came to Philadelphia in 1682 aboard the ship Welcome with William Penn, and was later given the section of the city now known as Frankford.
The Killing of Angel Street
The Killing of Angel Street is a 1981 Australian thriller film loosely based on the Builders Labourers Federation (BLF) green bans against development in inner Sydney city waterside suburbs. It briefly touches on the real-life disappearance of Juanita Nielsen, an activist against mass development in Sydney in the late 1970s.

The film was directed by Donald Crombie and shot in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. In the commentary on the DVD, the location is incorrectly stated as Edward Street in Balmain (East). In fact, the location was Weston Street, at the end of Paul Street.

The mysterious disappearance of Juanita Nielson also inspired Phillip Noyce, who directed the 1982 film Heatwave.

Donald Crombie
Donald Charles Crombie AM (5 July 1942 – 25 March 2025) was an Australian film and television director. He is known for the films Caddie (1976),  The Irishman (1978), Cathy's Child (1979), Playing Beatie Bow (1986), and Selkie (2000), and also for his work on several TV series, including Flipper (1995–1997) and McLeod's Daughters (2001–2002).
Spice SE89C
The Spice SE89C is a Group C1 and Group C2 sports prototype race car, designed, developed, and built by British manufacturer, Spice Engineering, for sports car racing in the World Sportscar Championship and IMSA GTP Championship, in 1989.

Spice Engineering
Spice Engineering was a British racing team founded by driver Gordon Spice with Raymond Bellm in the early 1980s, later becoming a successful sports car constructor in 1986.  They competed in the World Sportscar Championship in Europe as well as the IMSA GT Championship in North America, at times partnering with major manufacturers such as General Motors and Honda as well as race engine manufacturer Comptech.
Tanagura Domain
Tanagura Domain (棚倉藩, Tanagura-han) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It is located in southern Mutsu Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Tanagura Castle, located in what is now part of the town of Tanagura in Fukushima Prefecture.

Tanagura, Fukushima
Tanagura (棚倉町, Tanagura-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2020,  the town had an estimated population of 13,827 in 5053 households, and a population density of 86 persons per km². The total area of the town was 159.93 km2 (61.75 sq mi).
Toamasina Ambalamanasy Airport
Toamasina Ambalamanasy Airport is an airport in Toamasina, Atsinanana Region, Madagascar (IATA: TMM, ICAO: FMMT). The airport is located about 5 km northwest of the city centre and is operated by the Aéroports de Madagascar Company (ADEMA S.A).

Toamasina
Toamasina (Malagasy pronunciation: [toˈmasinə̥]), meaning "like salt" or "salty", unofficially and in French Tamatave or in the past as Port aux prunes, is the capital of the Atsinanana region on the east coast of Madagascar on the Indian Ocean. The city is the chief seaport of the country, situated 215 km (134 mi) northeast of its capital and largest city Antananarivo. In 2018 Toamasina had a population of 325,857.
Ken Pendergraft
Ken Pendergraft is an American Republican politician serving the 29th district in the Wyoming House of Representatives. He won the seat in the 2022 election on November 8, 2022, against Democrat Martha Wright. He assumed office on January 2, 2023. Pendergaft has worked as a contractor/homebuilder. He currently serves on two committees: the committee On Transportation, Highways & Military Affairs, and the Air Transportation Liaison Committee.

Wyoming's 29th House of Representatives district
Wyoming's 29th House of Representatives district is one of 62 districts in the Wyoming House of Representatives. The district encompasses part of Sheridan County, Wyoming, United States. It is represented by Republican Representative Ken Pendergraft of Sheridan.

In 1992, the U.S. state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.
Dar al-Magana
Dar al-Magana (Arabic: دار المكانة, lit. 'House of the Clock') is a 14th-century building in Fes, Morocco, built by the Marinid Sultan Abu Inan Faris which houses a weight-powered water clock. It is located opposite the Bou Inania Madrasa on Tala'a Kebira street and was created to serve that madrasa and its mosque, which was also built by Abu Inan around the same time.

The building is also sometimes referred to as the "House of Maimonides" due to a popular legend which claims that the house was once the residence of the famous Jewish philosopher Maimonides.

Water clock
A water clock, or clepsydra (from Ancient Greek  κλεψύδρα (klepsúdra) 'pipette, water clock'; from  κλέπτω (kléptō) 'to steal' and  ὕδωρ (hydor) 'water'; lit. ' water thief'), is a timepiece by which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel, and where the amount of liquid can then be measured.

Water clocks are some of the oldest time-measuring instruments. The simplest form of water clock, with a bowl-shaped outflow, existed in Babylon, Egypt, and Persia around the 16th century BC. Other regions of the world, including India and China, also provide early evidence of water clocks, but the earliest dates are less certain. Water clocks were used in ancient Greece and in ancient Rome, as described by technical writers such as Ctesibius (died 222 BC) and Vitruvius (died after 15 BC).
Mentone railway station
Mentone station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Frankston line, which is part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the south-eastern suburb of Mentone, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Mentone station is a below ground premium station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 19 December 1881, with the current station provided in July 2020.

Initially opened as Balcombe Road, the station was renamed two times. It was renamed to Balcombe on 1 September 1882, then was given its current name of Mentone on 7 January 1884.

It is classed as a premium station, and is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Mentone, Victoria
Mentone is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 21 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Kingston local government area. Mentone recorded a population of 13,197 at the 2021 census.

It is known locally for Mentone Beach, which extends alongside Beaumaris Bay from the cliffs in Beaumaris and ends at Warrigal Road where it meets Parkdale.

Mentone is associated with the Heidelberg School of Australian artists.
Xipundo
Xipundo is a municipality in Cuando Province in southeast Angola. Prior to the reform of Angolan administrative divisions in 2024, it was a commune, spelled Chipundo, in the municipality of Rivungo in the province of Cuando Cubango. As of 2014, the commune had a population of 8,598 people over an area of 7,600 square kilometres (2,900 sq mi).

Cuando Cubango Province
Cuando Cubango (Umbundu: Kwando Kubango Volupale) was a former province of Angola. It was divided into the provinces of Cuando and Cubango in 2024.

Cuando Cubango had an area of 199,049km2 and a population of 534,002 in 2014. Menongue was the capital of the province.

The name of the province derives from that of the Cuando and Cubango rivers, which flow through the eastern and western edges of the province, respectively.
Higher education in Ukraine
Higher education in Ukraine operates several levels, all of which are regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. In early 2016, Ukraine had 802 universities, but the Ministry intends to lower that number to 317.  Ukraine had 1,586,700 higher education students in 2016-17.

For specific universities, see the List of universities in Ukraine.

Corruption in Ukraine
Corruption in Ukraine is a significant issue affecting society, rooted in the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After declaring independence, Ukraine faced a series of politicians from across the political spectrum, as well as criminal bosses and oligarchs, who exploited corruption within the police, political parties, and industry to gain power. While Ukraine is still considered one of the more corrupt countries in Europe, it has made steady progress in improving its standing since 2015.
Mahmoud Pak Niat
Mahmoud Pak Niat (Persian: محمود پاک‌نیت; born 31 December 1952) is an Iranian actor. He is best known for his acting in Once Upon a Time (1991), Patriarch (1994) After the Rain (2001), Tenth Night (2002), Prophet Joseph (2008–2009) and Shahrzad (2015–2016) television series. He has received various accolades, including nominations for two Crystal Simorgh and a Hafez Award.

Prophet Joseph (TV series)
Prophet Joseph (Persian: یوسف پيامبر, romanized: Yūsofe Payāmbar, lit. 'Joseph the Prophet') is a historical drama Iranian television series produced, written, and directed by Farajollah Salahshoor. It first premiered on 27 December 2008, in Iran. It is based on the Islamic account of Joseph from the Quran. The series, dubbed in several languages and aired in over 90 countries, is regarded as the world's most watched Iranian TV series.