hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Villa Armira
Villa Armira (Bulgarian: Вила “Армира”), meaning "Reinforced Villa", is a 1st-century suburban Roman villa in southeastern Bulgaria, located in the proximity of Ivaylovgrad, Haskovo Province. Discovered in 1964 during reservoir construction, it is a primary historical attraction to the Ivaylovgrad area. It is classified as a monument of culture of national importance.

Villa Armira lies some 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of Ivaylovgrad. It was named after the Armira River, a minor tributary of the Arda. It is a sumptuous palace villa and one of the largest and most richly decorated ancient Roman villas excavated in Bulgaria.

Roman villa
A Roman villa was typically a farmhouse or country house in the territory of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, sometimes reaching extravagant proportions.

Nevertheless, the term "Roman villa" generally covers buildings with the common features of being extra-urban (i.e. located outside urban settlements, unlike the domus which was inside them) and residential, with accommodation for the owner. The definition also changed with time: the earliest examples are mostly humble farmhouses in Italy, while from the Republican period a range of larger building types are included.
History of Bahrain
Bahrain, an archipelago in the Persian Gulf, has been a pivotal center of trade, culture, and power for millennia, most notably as the heart of the ancient Dilmun civilization, a thriving hub of commerce and diplomacy in the Bronze Age. Its strategic location attracted a succession of influential powers, including the Persians, Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Portuguese, the Arabs, and the British, each leaving a distinct mark on its cultural and political landscape. In 1932, Bahrain became the first location in the Persian Gulf outside Iran to discover oil, ushering in a transformative era of economic growth and global significance.

Charles Belgrave
Sir Charles Dalrymple Belgrave KBE (9 December 1894 – 28 February 1969) was a British citizen and advisor to the rulers of Bahrain from 1926 until 1957, as "Chief Administrator" or "adviserate".  He first served under Shaikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, and subsequently under his son, Shaikh Salman.
Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.

Short rotation coppice
Short rotation coppice (SRC) is coppice grown as an energy crop.  This woody solid biomass can be used in applications such as district heating, electric power generating stations, alone or in combination with other fuels. Currently, the leading countries in area planted for energy generation are Sweden and the UK.
Funny Money (play)
Funny Money is a farce written by Ray Cooney. It premièred at The Churchill Theatre, Bromley, London, England, in 1994, followed by a successful two-year run in the West End. Cooney directed his own play and also played the part of Henry Perkins. In 2006 the play was adapted into a movie starring Chevy Chase. The play has also been presented internationally in Singapore, in May 2005, by the British Theatre Playhouse.

Ray Cooney
Raymond George Alfred Cooney OBE (born 30 May 1932) is a retired English playwright, actor, and director.

His biggest success, Run for Your Wife (1983), ran for nine years in London's West End and is its longest-running comedy. He has had 17 of his plays performed there.
Citrine (quartz)
Citrine is a transparent, yellow variety of quartz. Its name is derived from the Latin word citrus (citron tree), by way of the French citrin or citron (lemon). Citrine is one of the most popular yellow gemstones and has been used since ancient Egyptian times. There is disagreement as to which trace elements are responsible for its color. Not all yellow quartz is considered citrine, such as quartz stained by iron inclusions or coatings. Natural citrine is rare; most commercially available "citrine" is produced by heating amethyst or smoky quartz.

Topaz
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F, OH)2. It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden-brown to yellow-orange. Topaz is often treated with heat or radiation to make it a deep blue, reddish-orange, pale green, pink, or purple.

Topaz is a nesosilicate mineral, and more specifically, an aluminosilicate mineral. It is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals and has a relatively low index of refraction. It has the orthorhombic crystal system and a dipyramidial crystal class.

It occurs in many places in the world. Two of the most popular places that topaz is sourced are Brazil and Russia. Topaz is often mined in open-pit or alluvial settings.
Özbeg Khan
Özbeg or Uzbeg Khan (1282–1341), also known as Giyas ad-Din Muhammad Uzbek Khan, was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1313 to 1341. He was the longest-reigning khan, under whose rule the state reached its zenith. He was succeeded by his son Tini Beg. He was the son of Toghrilcha and grandson of Mengu-Timur, who had been khan of the Golden Horde from 1266 to 1280.

Sarai (city)
Sarai (Turki/Kypchak and Persian: سرای; also transcribed as Saraj or Saray; "mansion" or "court") was the name of possibly two cities near the lower Volga, that served successively as the effective capitals of the Cuman–Kipchak Confederation and later the Golden Horde, a Turco-Mongol khanate. There is considerable disagreement among scholars about the correspondence between specific archaeological sites.
Awhala Fort
Awhala Fort is a restored late Islamic Fort in the village of Awhala (also variously rendered Ohala, Wahala and Ouhala), in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. The village is located in the lower reaches of the Wadi Helo. Significant finds of Iron Age development lie below the foundations of the fort and signs of Wadi Suq period occupation have also been found.

Wadi Helo (wadi)
Wadi Helo (Arabic: وادي حلو, literally 'Sweet wadi') is a seasonal watercourse located in the Hajar Mountains of Sharjah, in the United Arab Emirates. The wadi runs northwest to southeast of the eponymous village of Wadi Helo, located on the Sharjah-Kalba highway.
Mursko Središće
Mursko Središće (Hungarian: Muraszerdahely, Kajkavian: Mursko Središče) is the northernmost town in Croatia and in Međimurje County which lies on the river Mura, the natural line dividing Croatia from Slovenia.

Mur (river)
The Mur (German pronunciation: [ˈmuːɐ̯] ⓘ) or Mura (Slovene: [ˈmúːɾa]; Croatian: [mǔːra]; Hungarian: [ˈmurɒ]; Prekmurje Slovene: Müra or Möra) is a river in Central Europe rising in the Hohe Tauern national park of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria with its source at 1,898 m (6,227 ft) above sea level. It is a tributary of the Drava and subsequently the Danube.

The Mur's total length is around 464 kilometres (288 mi). About 326 km are within the interior of Austria; 95 km flow in and around Slovenia (67 km along the borders with Austria and Croatia, 28 km inside Slovenia), and the rest forms the border between Croatia and Hungary. The largest city on the river is Graz, Austria. Its drainage basin covers an area of 14,109 km2 (5,448 sq mi).

Tributaries of the Mur include the Mürz, the Sulm, the Ščavnica, the Ledava and the Trnava.
All That the Rain Promises
All That the Rain Promises is North Carolina band Bombadil's third full-length album which was released on November 2, 2011. The band members when the record was released were James Phillips, Bryan Rahija, Daniel Michalak and Stuart Robinson. The album contains eleven songs. It was named after the book All That the Rain Promises and More, which is about mushrooms. It was recorded in a barn in Happy Valley, Oregon where the Decemberists have also recorded. The album took ten days to record.

Bombadil (band)
Bombadil is a four-piece Americana, folk-pop band from Durham, North Carolina with guitar, bass, piano, and drums as their primary instruments. The band is known for their creative and heartfelt lyrics, lush vocal harmonies, thoughtful arrangements, and engaging live show.
Camille Janssen
Camille Janssen (5 December 1837–18 April 1926) was a Belgian colonial civil servant and lawyer who held the position of Governor-General of the Congo Free State from 1886 to 1892. After 1893, Joseph Chailley would found the International Colonial Institute, for which Janssen would be the secretary-general. His son, Georges Janssen, would become head of the National Bank of Belgium.

Georges Janssen
Georges Janssen (1892 – 9 June 1941) was a Belgian lawyer, civil servant and governor of the National Bank of Belgium (NBB) from 1938 until 1941.  During his time as governor he had to defend the Belgium currency from speculative attack during 1938 and he came into conflict during the Nazi occupation during World War II that led to his death.
Groutville
Groutville is a town in Ilembe District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Home of the late ANC leader, Chief Albert Luthuli and his wife Nokukhanya Bhengu, Home to RT Rev H. Mdelwa Hlongwane founder to The Bantu Methodist Church.

Mission station several km south-west of Stanger. Established in 1844 by the Reverend Aldin Grout (1803–1894) of the American Missionary Society and named after him. Formerly it was known as Umvoti.

Aldin Grout
Aldin Grout (September 2, 1803 - February 12, 1894) was an American missionary known for his missionary activities in Zululand. He married Hannah Davis in November 1834 and traveled to the Cape Colony of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions a month later. He built his first mission in Zululand, called Ginani, in 1836. This station was destroyed in the battle between the Zulus and the Boers, and he built a new station called Inkanyezi in 1841.

He was born in Pelham, Massachusetts. He died in Springfield, Massachusetts. The town of Groutville in South Africa was named after him.
Macy Gray
Natalie Renée McIntyre (born September 6, 1967), known professionally as Macy Gray, is an American R&B and soul singer. She is known for her distinctive raspy voice and a singing style heavily influenced by Billie Holiday. Her 1999 single, "I Try", was her commercial breakthrough; the song peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100, won Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards, and preceded her debut studio album, On How Life Is (1999). Since then, she has released ten studio albums.

Gray has won a Grammy Award from five nominations, and sold over 25 million records worldwide by 2018. She has appeared in several films, including Training Day, Spider-Man, Scary Movie 3, Lackawanna Blues, Idlewild, For Colored Girls, and The Paperboy. She was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2014 in her hometown of Canton, Ohio.

The Paperboy (2012 film)
The Paperboy is a 2012 American crime drama thriller film co-written and directed by Lee Daniels and based on Pete Dexter's 1995 novel of the same name. The novel was inspired by a true story. It follows Miami reporter Ward Jansen who returns to his hometown in Florida to investigate a murder case involving a death row inmate. The film stars Matthew McConaughey, Zac Efron, Nicole Kidman, David Oyelowo, John Cusack and Macy Gray.

The film was produced by Daniels, Hilary Shor, Avi Lerner, Ed Cathell III, and Cassian Elwes. It premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival on May 24, 2012, and October 5, 2012, worldwide. It grossed $102,706 in its opening weekend and $3.8 million worldwide, against a budget of $12.5 million, making it a box office bomb. Despite its mixed reviews, Kidman's performance drew Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations.
Committed (vocal group)
Committed is an a cappella group of six male vocalists from Huntsville, Alabama, all students at Oakwood University, a historically black Seventh-day Adventist school in Huntsville. The group—Therry Thomas, Dennis Baptiste, Tommy Gervais, Geston Pierre, Robert Pressley and Maurice Staple—began singing together in 2003, inspired by another a cappella group that originated at Oakwood, Take 6.

The group won the second season of the musical competition The Sing-Off. They won the title on the finale broadcast on December 20, 2010 broadcast on NBC, singing a vocal a cappella arrangement of "We Are the Champions" from Queen.

The singing group released their self-titled album Committed on Epic Records.

Oakwood University
Oakwood University is a private, historically black Seventh-day Adventist university in Huntsville, Alabama. It is the only HBCU owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Oakwood University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) and the Department of Education of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists (through the Adventist Accrediting Association) to award associate, baccalaureate, and master's degrees.

Oakwood University owns and operates the Christian radio station WJOU 90.1 FM, formerly WOCG.
Neural tube
In the developing chordate (including vertebrates), the neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into the closed neural tube. In humans, neural tube closure usually occurs by the fourth week of pregnancy (the 28th day after conception).

Cerebrum
The cerebrum (pl.: cerebra), telencephalon or endbrain is the largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres) as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central nervous system. The cerebrum develops prenatally from the forebrain (prosencephalon). In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is also divided into approximately symmetric left and right cerebral hemispheres.

With the assistance of the cerebellum, the cerebrum controls all voluntary actions in the human body.
Angenent torus
In differential geometry, the Angenent torus is a smooth embedding of the torus into three-dimensional Euclidean space, with the property that it remains self-similar as it evolves under the mean curvature flow. Its existence shows that, unlike the one-dimensional curve-shortening flow (for which every embedded closed curve converges to a circle as it shrinks to a point), the two-dimensional mean-curvature flow has embedded surfaces that form more complex singularities as they collapse.

Mean curvature flow
In the field of differential geometry in mathematics, mean curvature flow is an example of a geometric flow of hypersurfaces in a Riemannian manifold (for example, smooth surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space). Intuitively, a family of surfaces evolves under mean curvature flow if the normal component of the velocity of which a point on the surface moves is given by the mean curvature of the surface.  For example, a round sphere evolves under mean curvature flow by shrinking inward uniformly (since the mean curvature vector of a sphere points inward).  Except in special cases, the mean curvature flow develops singularities.

Under the constraint that volume enclosed is constant, this is called surface tension flow.

It is a parabolic partial differential equation, and can be interpreted as "smoothing".
Giant root-rat
The giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), also known as the Ethiopian African mole rat or giant mole rat, is a rodent species in the family Spalacidae.
It is endemic to Ethiopia's Bale Mountains. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, where it can reach densities of up to 2,600 individuals per square kilometre. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Spalacidae
The Spalacidae, or spalacids, are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. They are native to eastern Asia, the Horn of Africa, the Middle East, and southeastern Europe. It includes the blind mole-rats, bamboo rats, mole-rats, and zokors.  This family represents the oldest split (excluding perhaps the Platacanthomyidae) in the muroid superfamily, and comprises animals adapted to a subterranean way of life.  These rodents were thought to have evolved adaptations to living underground independently until recent phylogenetic studies demonstrated they form a monophyletic group. Members of the Spalacidae are often placed in the family Muridae along with all other members of the Muroidea.
The Hair of the Beast
The Hair of the Beast (French: Le Poil de la bête) is a Canadian comedy horror film, directed by Philippe Gagnon and released in 2010.

Set in colonial New France in the 1660s, the film stars Guillaume Lemay-Thivierge as Joseph Côté, a man who has escaped from prison after being sentenced to death for a crime; hiding out in Beauport after taking on the identity of a Jesuit priest, he falls in love with Marie Labotte (Viviane Audet), a fille du roy whom nobody else wants to marry, while simultaneously discovering that he is the only one who can battle the werewolves who terrorize the community at night.

The cast also includes Gilles Renaud, Patrice Robitaille, Antoine Bertrand, Marc Beaupré, Marie-Chantal Perron, Sébastien Huberdeau, Mirianne Brûlé, Pierre-Luc Lafontaine, Martin Dubreuil, Marie-Thérèse Fortin, Patrick Drolet, Benoît McGinnis, Michel Barrette, Isabeau Blanche, Étienne Pilon and Virginie Morin.

Viviane Audet
Viviane Audet (born November 10, 1981) is a Canadian actress, singer and pianist from Quebec. She is most noted as a frequent collaborator with her husband Robin-Joël Cool, both in the band Mentana and on film and television scores.

She released her debut album, Le Long jeu, in 2006.
All-Star Superman (film)
All-Star Superman is a 2011 American animated superhero film based on the comic book series of the same name by Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely. Released direct-to-video by Warner Bros. Animation on February 22, 2011, it is the tenth film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies.

It is the first film in the series to not receive a PG-13 rating from the Motion Picture Association, instead being rated PG for "sequences of action and violence, language including brief innuendo, and some sensuality". It is also one of the final projects by writer Dwayne McDuffie, released the day after his death.

Dwayne McDuffie
Dwayne Glenn McDuffie (February 20, 1962 – February 21, 2011) was an American writer of comic books and television. He co-founded the pioneering minority-owned-and-operated comic book company Milestone Media, which focused on underrepresented minorities in American comics, creating and co-creating characters such as Icon, Rocket, Static, and Hardware. McDuffie was also a writer and producer for animated series such as Static Shock (based on the Static character), Justice League Unlimited and the Ben 10 sequels, Alien Force and Ultimate Alien.

McDuffie earned three Eisner Award nominations for his work in comics.
Dear Heart
Dear Heart is a 1964 American romantic-comedy film starring Glenn Ford and Geraldine Page as lonely middle-aged people who fall in love at a hotel convention. It was directed by Delbert Mann, from a screenplay by Tad Mosel. Its theme song "Dear Heart" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Delbert Mann
Delbert Martin Mann Jr. (January 30, 1920 – November 11, 2007) was an American television and film director. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for the film Marty (1955), adapted from a 1953 teleplay which he had also directed. From 1967 to 1971, he was president of the Directors Guild of America. In 2002, he received the DGA's honorary life member award. Mann was credited to have "helped bring TV techniques to the film world."
Oca (river)
The Oca river is a short river, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) long, in the north of Spain. It is an affluent of the Ebro river that flows through the province of Burgos. It begins in the Sistema Ibérico range and flows north through the municipalities of Rábanos, Villafranca Montes de Oca, Valle de Oca, Alcocero de Mola, Prádanos de Bureba, Briviesca, Vileña, the shire of Bureba and Oña.

The Oca River rises in the comarca of Montes de Oca, near the town of Rábanos. Near its source, the river passes through the narrow, rock-lined gorge of La Hoz. This passage, 700 metres (2,300 ft) long and 100 metres (330 ft) high, was of great strategic value in the 11th century and was defended by the castle of Alba.

La Bureba
La Bureba is a comarca located in the northeast of the Province of Burgos in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is bounded on the north by Las Merindades, east by the Comarca del Ebro, south-east by the Montes de Oca and south-west by the Alfoz de Burgos.
Kenyan McDuffie
Kenyan R. McDuffie (born c. 1975) is an American politician who served as an Independent at-large member of the Council of the District of Columbia from 2023 to 2026 after previously representing Ward 5 on the council as a Democrat from 2012 to 2023. He resigned from his position to re-register as a Democrat and run for mayor in the 2026 mayoral election.

2026 Washington, D.C., mayoral election
The 2026 Washington, D.C. mayoral election will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the mayor of Washington, D.C. Incumbent mayor Muriel Bowser is retiring after serving three consecutive four-year terms. Primary elections will be held on June 16, 2026 to select party nominees.
Subiaco Academy
Subiaco Academy is an American Roman Catholic day and boarding school for boys founded in 1928. Serving grades 7-12, it is part of Subiaco Abbey, a Benedictine monastery in Subiaco, Arkansas.

Earlier schools at the priory and abbey dated to 1887. The Benedictines have had a strong teaching tradition in its order. In 2024, Architectural Digest named the school one of the "World's 9 Most Beautiful Boarding Schools."

Subiaco, Arkansas
Subiaco is a town in Logan County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Subiaco had a population of 401.

The town is named after Subiaco Abbey, which is located there, and which donated 80 acres (32 hectares) in the early 20th century for a townsite and railroad connection. Founded as a priory in 1878, Subiaco Abbey was established and named by Pope Leo XIII in 1891, after the Italian city of that name in the Lazio region, where St. Benedict founded his first monastery. The town celebrated the arrival of its first train in June 1909.
The Green Monocle
The Green Monocle (German: Das grüne Monokel) is a 1929 German silent crime film directed by Rudolf Meinert and starring Ralph Clancy, Betty Bird and Suzy Vernon. The film was based on a novel by Guido Kreutzer. It features the fictional detective Stuart Webbs, one of several German fictional characters inspired by Sherlock Holmes, who had appeared in a series of silent films during the 1910s and 1920s.

It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin with location shooting in Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt am Main as well as Basel and Montreux in Switzerland. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert Neppach and Erwin Scharf

Erwin Scharf (art director)
Erwin Scharf (1901–1972) was an Austrian art director. He worked in the German film industry during the Weimar Era, often collaborating with Robert Neppach on set designs. Because of his Jewish heritage he left Germany following the Nazi takeover in 1933, and spent the next five years working in a variety of European countries. This included the 1937 Carol Reed-directed film Who's Your Lady Friend? in Britain. In 1938 he settled in the United States. His final cinematic work was on the 1950 film Kill or Be Killed.