hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luciana Duranti
Luciana Duranti is an archival theorist and Professor Emerita on post-retirement appointment in the fields of archival science and diplomatics at the University of British Columbia School of Information (iSchool) in Vancouver, Canada. She is a noted expert on diplomatics and electronic records. Since 1998, she has been the director of the electronic records research project, InterPARES (International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems). She has disclosed the concept of the archival bond originally initiated by Italian archivist Giorgio Cencetti in 1937.

Archival bond
The archival bond is a concept in archival theory referring to the relationship that each archival record has with the other records produced as part of the same transaction or activity and located within the same grouping. These bonds are a core component of each individual record and are necessary for transforming a document into a record, as a document will only acquire meaning (and become a record) through its interrelationships with other records.
2022 Challenger Città di Lugano
The 2022 Challenger Città di Lugano was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Lugano, Switzerland between 28 March and 3 April 2022.

Luca Nardi
Luca Nardi (born 6 August 2003) is an Italian professional tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 67 achieved on 3 March 2025. He also has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 299, attained on 10 April 2023.

Nardi's biggest breakthrough came in 2024, when he defeated World No.1 Novak Djokovic in the third round in Indian Wells, becoming the lowest-ranked player ever to defeat Djokovic at a Masters or a Grand Slam.
David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale
David Bertram Ogilvy Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale (13 March 1878 – 17 March 1958), was a British peer, soldier, and landowner. He was the father of the Mitford sisters, in whose various novels and memoirs he is depicted.

Swinbrook
Swinbrook is a village in the civil parish of Swinbrook and Widford, in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England. It is on the River Windrush, about 2 miles (3 km) east of Burford. Widford is a hamlet about 0.5 miles (800 m) west of Swinbrook. The 2011 Census recorded the population of Swinbrook and Widford as 139.
Vicky Hamilton (musician)
Vicky Hamilton (died 1971) was an American jazz singer-songwriter-composer. She worked with American jazz pianist, singer-composer, Dave MacKay whom she was also married to. In the late-1960s Mackay and Vicky Hamilton formed a duo and produced three recordings together. Hamilton died in 1971.

Dave Mackay (musician)
David Owen Mackay (March 24, 1932 – July 29, 2020) was an American jazz pianist, singer-composer with roots in the works of Art Tatum, Bud Powell, and Bill Evans, who favored the standards of the 1940s and 1950s and the bossa novas of Luíz Eça, Antonio Carlos Jobim, and João Gilberto when performing.
On the Level
On the Level is the eighth studio album by British rock band Status Quo, released by Vertigo Records on 21 February 1975. The album's cover art features band members in an Ames room, and on the original vinyl release, the inner gatefold sleeve consisted of informal photos members of the group had taken of each other.

In November 1974, the band released the only single from the album, an edited version of a Rossi/Young song entitled "Down Down". The single gave the band their only number one hit to date. Its b-side was the Parfitt/Young album track "Nightride".

The album entered the UK Albums Chart at number one. All tracks were written or co-written by the group and long-term collaborator Bob Young, apart from "Bye Bye Johnny", which was a Chuck Berry composition.

Ames room
An Ames room is a distorted room that creates an optical illusion. Likely influenced by the writings of Hermann Helmholtz, American scientist Adelbert Ames Jr. invented the concept and patented it in 1940. The exact date of the invention has not been established: according to Behrens, "as early as 1934, Ames designed his first 'distorted room'"; other authors suggest 1946.
Eugenia Grandet (1946 film)
Eugenia Grandet (also known as Eugenie Grandet) is a 1946 Italian historical drama film directed by Mario Soldati. It is based on the 1833 novel Eugénie Grandet by Honoré de Balzac. The novel has been adapted into films on a number of occasions. The film's sets were designed by art director Gastone Medin.

The film entered the competition at the 7th Venice International Film Festival.  For her performance Alida Valli won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress. The film also won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Scenography.

Eugénie Grandet
Eugénie Grandet (French pronunciation: [øʒeni ɡʁɑ̃dɛ]) is a novel first serialised from 1833 to 1834, and published in book form in 1834 by French author Honoré de Balzac.  While he was writing it he conceived his ambitious project La Comédie humaine and almost immediately prepared a second edition, revising the names of some of the characters so that Eugénie Grandet  then fitted into the section: Scenes from provincial life (Scènes de la vie de province) in the Comédie. He dedicated the edition to Maria Du Fresnay, who was then his lover and was the mother of his daughter, Marie-Caroline Du Fresnay.
Great Maharsha Synagogue
The Great Maharsha Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת המהרש״א; Ukrainian: Велика синагога, romanized: Velyka synahoha) is a former Jewish synagogue, located in Ostroh, in the Rivne Oblast of Ukraine.

With a congregation established in 1550s, the synagogue was completed in the 1620s in what was, at the thime, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the building named in honour of Rabbi Shmuel Eidels. Abandoned in the 1940s, the synagogue was partially destroyed by the Nazis during World War II,  and subsequently used by Soviet authorities as a warehouse. Again abandoned, the building fell into disrepair. Restoration efforts commenced in 2016 to preserve the former synagogue as a Jewish history museum.

Ostroh
Ostroh (Ukrainian: Острог [oˈstrɔɦ] ⓘ, Polish: Ostróg) is a city in Rivne Oblast, western Ukraine. It is situated on the Horyn River. Ostroh was the administrative center of Ostroh Raion until 2020, but as a city of oblast significance did not belong to the raion. Currently the city is the centre of Ostroh urban hromada. Population: 14,894 (2022 estimate).

The Ostroh Academy was established here in 1576, the first higher educational institution in modern Ukraine. Furthermore, in the 16th century, the first East Slavic books, notably the Ostrog Bible, were printed there.
Phillips University
Phillips University was a private university in Enid, Oklahoma. It opened in 1906 and closed in 1998. It was affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). It included an undergraduate college and a graduate seminary. The university was also home to the Enid-Phillips Symphony Orchestra, and its campus regularly hosted events for the Tri-State Music Festival.

Enid, Oklahoma
Enid (/ˈiːnɪd/ EE-nid) is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is the county seat of Garfield County. In the 2020 census, the population was 51,308. Enid was founded during the opening of the Cherokee Outlet in the Land Run of 1893, and is named after Enid, a character in Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King. In 1991, the Oklahoma state legislature designated Enid the "purple martin capital of Oklahoma." Enid holds the nickname of "Queen Wheat City" and "Wheat Capital" of Oklahoma and the United States for its immense grain storage capacity, and has the third-largest grain storage capacity in the world.
Station Nord, Greenland
Station Nord (ICAO: BGNO) is a military and scientific station in northeastern Greenland 1700 km north of the Arctic Circle.

It is about 924 km (574 mi) from the geographic North Pole, on Princess Ingeborg Peninsula (Danish: Prinsesse Ingeborg Halvø) in northern Kronprins Christian Land, making it the second northernmost permanent settlement and base of the Northeast Greenland National Park and of Greenland as a whole (two stations in Peary Land further north, Brønlundhus and Kap Harald Moltke, are not permanently occupied).

The Danish Defence Command base is staffed by five Danish non-commissioned officers on a 26-month tour of duty; accommodation is also available for over twenty scientists and other personnel during the summer months. The station has about 35 buildings. It is not accessible by ship; ice conditions would permit a passage only every five to ten years. The name Nord simply means "north" in Danish. Winter darkness extends from 15 October to 28 February.

Crown Prince Christian Land
Crown Prince Christian Land (Danish: Kronprins Christian Land) is a large peninsula in northern Greenland. It is a part of King Frederick VIII Land and administratively it belongs to the Northeast Greenland National Park.

It was named after Crown Prince Christian, later Christian X of Denmark (1870–1947) by the 1906–08 Denmark expedition.
Rachel, Rachel
Rachel, Rachel is a 1968 American drama film produced and directed by Paul Newman and starring his wife, Joanne Woodward, in the title role and co-starring Estelle Parsons and James Olson. The screenplay, by Stewart Stern based on the 1966 novel A Jest of God by Canadian author Margaret Laurence, concerns a schoolteacher in small-town Connecticut and her sexual awakening and independence in her mid-30s. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards (Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actress for Woodward, and Best Supporting Actress for Parsons) and won two Golden Globes: Best Director and Best Actress (Drama).

Margaret Laurence
Jean Margaret Laurence CC (née Wemyss; July 18, 1926 – January 5, 1987) was a Canadian novelist and short story writer, and is one of the major figures in Canadian literature. She was also a founder of the Writers' Trust of Canada, a non-profit literary organization that seeks to encourage Canada's writing community.
Serbian–Hungarian Baranya–Baja Republic
The Serbian–Hungarian Baranya–Baja Republic (Hungarian: Baranya-Bajai Szerb-Magyar Köztársaság, Serbian: Српско-мађарска република Барања-Баја / Srpsko-mađarska republika Baranja-Baja) was a small, short-lived and Soviet-oriented state, proclaimed in Pécs on 14 August 1921, on occupied Hungarian territory during the peacemaking aftermath of the first World War, tolerated and fostered by the newly proclaimed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Its territory included the geographical region of Baranya and the northern part of Bačka region, as well as a portion of the Banat.

Baranya (region)
Baranya or Baranja (Croatian: Baranja, pronounced [bǎraɲa]; Hungarian: Baranya, pronounced [ˈbɒrɒɲɒ]) is a geographical and historical region between the Danube and the Drava rivers located in the Pannonian Plain. Its territory is divided between Hungary and Croatia. In Hungary, the region is included in Baranya county, while in Croatia, it is part of Osijek-Baranja county.
Grass Creek, Wyoming
Grass Creek is an unincorporated community in Hot Springs County, Wyoming, United States. Grass Creek is 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Thermopolis. The Legend Rock Petroglyph Site, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located near Grass Creek.

Grass Creek had its own school until 1974, when it closed due to low enrollment. It also had a post office with ZIP Code 82425, which operated through at least 1977.

Thermopolis, Wyoming
Thermopolis is the county seat and most populous town in Hot Springs County, Wyoming, United States. As of the 2020 census, Thermopolis had a population of 2,725.

Thermopolis, Greek for "hot city", is the location of numerous natural hot springs, in which mineral-laden waters are heated by geothermal processes.

The town claims the world's largest mineral hot spring, "The Big Spring", as part of Hot Springs State Park. The springs are open to the public for free as part of an 1896 treaty signed with the Shoshone and Arapaho Indian tribes.
Canisius Golden Griffins men's ice hockey
The Canisius Golden Griffins men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Canisius University. The Golden Griffins are members of Atlantic Hockey America, formed shortly after the 2023–24 season by the merger of their former hockey league, the Atlantic Hockey Association, with College Hockey America. They play at the LECOM Harborcenter in Buffalo, New York across the street from KeyBank Center, home of the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League. Canisius has won an automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament twice, after winning the Atlantic Hockey title in the conference playoffs in both 2013 and 2023, but lost in the first round to the top-ranked team each time.

Cory Conacher
Cory Conacher (born December 14, 1989) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. Undrafted, Conacher played for the Tampa Bay Lightning, Ottawa Senators, Buffalo Sabres, and the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Blaydon railway station
Blaydon is a railway station on the Tyne Valley Line, which runs between Newcastle and Carlisle via Hexham. The station, situated 5 miles 39 chains (5.49 mi; 8.83 km) west of Newcastle, serves the town of Blaydon, Gateshead in Tyne and Wear, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Blaydon
Blaydon is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England, and historically in County Durham. Blaydon, and neighbouring Winlaton, which Blaydon is now contiguous with, form the town of Blaydon-on-Tyne. The Blaydon/Winlaton ward had a population in 2011 of 13,896.

Between 1894 and 1974, Blaydon was an urban district which extended inland from the Tyne along the River Derwent for ten miles (16 km), and included the mining communities of Chopwell and High Spen, the villages of Rowlands Gill, Blackhall Mill, Barlow, Winlaton Mill and Stella, as well as Blaydon and Winlaton. During its existence, the Urban District's fourteen and a half square miles constituted the second largest administrative district by area, on Tyneside, after Newcastle upon Tyne.
Bombieri–Lang conjecture
In arithmetic geometry, the Bombieri–Lang conjecture is an unsolved problem conjectured by Enrico Bombieri and Serge Lang about the Zariski density of the set of rational points of an algebraic variety of general type.

Serge Lang
Serge Lang (French: [lɑ̃ɡ]; May 19, 1927 – September 12, 2005) was a French-American mathematician and activist who taught at Yale University for most of his career. He is known for his work in number theory and for his mathematics textbooks, including the influential Algebra. He received the Frank Nelson Cole Prize in 1960 and was a member of the Bourbaki group.

As an activist, Lang campaigned against the Vietnam War, and also successfully fought against the nomination of the political scientist Samuel P. Huntington to the National Academies of Science. Later in his life, Lang was an HIV/AIDS denialist. He claimed that HIV had not been proven to cause AIDS and protested Yale's research into HIV/AIDS.
Roanoke Canal
Roanoke Canal is a historic canal located near Roanoke Rapids, Halifax County, North Carolina. It was built as part of the Roanoke Navigation System and extends from Roanoke Rapids Lake southeast seven miles to the canal's return into the Roanoke River at Weldon, North Carolina. The Roanoke Navigation System was planned to connect the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The earliest sections were built under the direction of civil engineer Hamilton Fulton.  Extant structures include the middle or lift locks, the aqueduct (1821-1823), and the three-story brick mill (1892) and powerhouse (c. 1904).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Hamilton Fulton
Hamilton Fulton (26 May 1781 – 30 October 1833) was a Scottish civil engineer who worked for John Rennie and Thomas Telford before moving for a decade to the state of North Carolina as its principal engineer. Thereafter, he returned to Britain.
George M. McCune
George McAfee "Mac" McCune (/məˈkjuːn/ mə-KEWN; June 16, 1908 – November 5, 1948) was an American scholar of Korea. He was one of the creators and namesakes of the McCune–Reischauer system for the romanization of Korean, along with Edwin O. Reischauer. Significant work on the system was done by Korean linguists Choe Hyeon-bae, Jeong In-seop, and Kim Seon-gi. McCune taught Korean history and language at Occidental College and the University of California, Berkeley.

Romanization of Korean
The romanization of Korean is the use of the Latin script to transcribe the Korean language.

There are multiple romanization systems in common use. The two most prominent systems are McCune–Reischauer (MR) and Revised Romanization (RR). MR is almost universally used in Western academic Korean studies, and a variant of it has been the official system of North Korea since 1992. RR is the official system of South Korea and has been in use since 2000.

The earliest romanization systems for Korean emerged around the mid-19th century. Due to a number of factors, including the properties of the Korean language and alphabet, as well as social and geopolitical issues, a single settled standard did not emerge. By 1934, there were 27 extant romanization systems, and by 1997, there were over 40.
Cya Liu
Liu Xin, known professionally as Cya Liu Ya-se (simplified Chinese: 刘雅瑟; traditional Chinese: 劉雅瑟; born 13 January 1989), is a Chinese actress and singer. Formerly as a member of the Chinese girl group OP, she was noticed through her role Zhu Xiaobei in the movie So Young (2013). In 2022, she won Best Actress at the 40th Hong Kong Film Awards for her role Wong To in Limbo.

So Young (film)
So Young (simplified Chinese: 致我们终将逝去的青春; traditional Chinese: 致我們終將逝去的青春) is a 2013 Chinese drama film directed by Zhao Wei. It is based on the best-selling novel of the same name To Our Youth That Is Fading Away by Xin Yiwu. The film is Zhao's directorial debut.

The film's English-language title alludes to the song "So Young" by the British alternative rock band Suede from their self-titled debut album. In addition to the novel, the film was also based in part by Zhao's own personal college experience in the 1990s.

The film has become a major success at the Chinese box office, grossing over US$118 million with a US$5 million budget.
For That Beautiful Feeling
For That Beautiful Feeling is the tenth studio album by English electronic music duo the Chemical Brothers, released on 8 September 2023 through Virgin Records in the UK and Republic Records in the US. It is the duo's first album in four years, as well as their first to be released by Republic in the US, as all prior American releases were via Astralwerks. In November 2023, the album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album for the 66th Annual Grammy Awards.

The Chemical Brothers
The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo formed by Ed Simons and Tom Rowlands in Manchester in 1992. They were pioneers in bringing the big beat genre to the forefront of pop culture.

Originally known as The Dust Brothers, they changed their name due to the existence of another band with the same name. Their first album Exit Planet Dust sold over one million copies and debuted at No. 9 on the UK Albums Chart. After attracting Virgin Records, the duo achieved further success with their second album Dig Your Own Hole (1997), which topped the UK chart. They have had six No. 1 albums and 13 top-20 singles in the UK, including two chart-toppers. They have won six Grammy Awards, including Best Rock Instrumental Performance, Best Dance Recording, and Best Dance/Electronic Album.
Ciechomie
Ciechomie [t͡ɕɛˈxɔmjɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sierakowice, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Sierakowice
Gmina Sierakowice (Kashubian: Gmina Sërakòjce) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Sierakowice, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) west of Kartuzy and 49 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 182.36 square kilometres (70.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 16,570. It belongs to bilingual communes in Poland.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kashubian Landscape Park.
Laval-sur-le-Lac
Laval-sur-le-Lac (French pronunciation: [laval syʁ lə lak]) is a small sector on the western part of Laval and was a separate city until the municipal mergers on August 6, 1965. This community contains North America's oldest French speaking private golf club, Le Club Laval-sur-le-Lac, established in 1917.
The seasonal Laval-sur-le-Lac–Île-Bizard Ferry, which does not operate in winter, connects Laval-sur-le-Lac with Île Bizard.

Laval, Quebec
Laval is a city in Quebec, Canada. It is in the southwest of the province, north of Montreal. It is the largest suburb of Montreal, the third-largest city in the province after Montreal and Quebec City, and the thirteenth largest city in Canada, with a population of 443,192 in 2021.

Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles, and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies. Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval.

Laval constitutes one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec, with a region code of 13, as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) with geographical code 65. It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval. It is the smallest administrative region in the province by area.
Peter Luginbill
Peter Luginbill (February 1, 1818 – October 18, 1886) (early spelling of Luginbuhl) was a Swiss-American politician, farmer, and carpenter. Luginbill was one of the first settlers and founders of Berne, Indiana.

Berne, Indiana
Berne (English: [bɜːn]) is a city within Monroe and Wabash townships, Adams County, Indiana, United States, located 35 miles (56 km) south of Fort Wayne. The population was 4,173 at the 2020 Census. Berne is widely known for its Swiss heritage, architecture and culture, and for its status as the "Furniture Capital of Indiana."

Berne and the surrounding area have also become known for their large Amish population (the fifth largest Amish community in the USA), who speak Bernese German (a Swiss German dialect), as opposed to Pennsylvania Dutch.
Political Song Network
The Political Song Network was a British national network of political singers, songwriters, and musicians founded at a meeting in London in October 1986. Founders included Roy Bailey, Pam Bishop, Ros Kane, Sandra Kerr, Angela McKee, John Pole, Leon Rosselson, Janet Russell, Ivan Sears, Bob Wakeling, and Jim Woodland. It produced a quarterly newsletter and various publications.

Roy Bailey (folk singer)
Roy Bailey, MBE (20 October 1935 – 20 November 2018) was an English sociologist and folk singer. Colin Irwin from the music magazine Mojo said Bailey represented "the very soul of folk's working class ideals... a triumphal homage to the grass roots folk scene as a radical alternative to the mainstream music industry."