hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gustave Rosenthal
Gustav Heinrich de Rosenthal (1754–1829) was a Baltic German soldier and member of the Baltic nobility born in Vaimõisa, present-day Estonia, with the Title of Baron and last name of von Wetter-Rosenthal, a junior line of the von Wetter-Tegerfelden (von Wetter-Tegervelt). He came into conflict with another man and was forced to flee the country after killing him in a duel.  He came to North America, where he served in the Continental Army using the name John Rose.

William Irvine (general)
William Irvine (November 3, 1741 – July 29, 1804) was an Irish-American physician, soldier, and statesman from Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He practiced medicine as a ship's surgeon for the Royal Navy before he sympathized with the American Revolution and fought against the British during the American Revolutionary War. As tensions escalated between the American colonies and the British government during the 1770s, Irvine sympathized and allied himself with the revolutionary cause. He subsequently served as a brigadier general in the American Revolutionary War and served in the western theater. After the war he served in the Continental Congress, and later played an active role in ending the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania. He also served one term in Congress representing Pennsylvania, and was also active in the state's other public affairs.
1935 Masters Tournament
The 1935 Masters Tournament was the second Masters Tournament, then still known as the "Augusta National Invitation Tournament," held April 4–8 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia, US.

In a change from the first year, the nines were switched to their present order, with the finishing hole at "Holly." In the fourth round, Gene Sarazen holed a double eagle (235 yards, 4 wood) to tie Craig Wood and force a 36-hole playoff. This second shot at "Firethorn," the par-5 15th hole, then 485 yards (443 m), is referred to in golf as the "shot heard 'round the world."

Sarazen won the Monday playoff by five strokes, even-par 144 to 149 (+5), and parred the 15th hole in both rounds. Tournament co-founder and host Bobby Jones finished at 297, fifteen strokes back in a tie for 25th place. The purse was $5,000 and the winner's share was $1,500.

Par (score)
In golf, par is the predetermined number of strokes that a proficient (scratch, or zero handicap) golfer should require to complete a hole, a round (the sum of the pars of the played holes), or a tournament (the sum of the pars of each round). For scoring purposes, a golfer's number of strokes is compared with the par score to determine how much the golfer was either "over par", "under par", or "even/level par".

Holes are generally assigned par values between three and five based on the distance from the teeing ground to the putting green, and occasionally other factors such as terrain and obstacles. A typical 18-hole golf course will have a total par around 72, and a 9-hole par-3 course (where all holes are rated as par 3) will have a total par of 27.
Bradford St James railway station
Bradford St James railway station is a proposed railway station which would be constructed in the vicinity of St James Market in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. This would replace the current terminus station at Bradford Interchange with a through layout as part of Northern Powerhouse Rail enabling faster journeys from Bradford to Leeds and Manchester.

Bradford Interchange
Bradford Interchange is a transport interchange in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, which consists of a railway station and bus station adjacent. The Interchange, which was designed in 1962, was hailed as a showpiece of European design and was opened on 14 January 1973. It is served by the majority of bus services in the city centre, while the railway station, which is one of two in the city centre (along with  Bradford Forster Square), is served by Northern and is also the terminus for Grand Central services from London King's Cross.
Sex Jack
Sex Jack (性賊, Seizoku), released in 1970, is a film directed by Japanese filmmaker Kōji Wakamatsu. It was written by Masao Adachi.

Wakamatsu expressed that in Sex Jack, he aimed to depict the consistent infiltration of revolutionary movements by government-operated moles.

Kōji Wakamatsu
Kōji Wakamatsu (若松孝二, Wakamatsu Kōji; 1 April 1936 – 17 October 2012) was a Japanese film director who directed such pink films as Ecstasy of the Angels (天使の恍惚, Tenshi no Kōkotsu; 1972) and Go, Go, Second Time Virgin (ゆけゆけ二度目の処女, Yuke Yuke Nidome no Shojo; 1969). He also produced Nagisa Ōshima's controversial film In the Realm of the Senses (1976). He has been called "the most important director to emerge in the pink film genre," and one of "Japan's leading directors of the 1960s".

His 2010 film, Caterpillar, was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.
Kok Heng Leun
Kok Heng Leun (Chinese: 郭慶亮; pinyin: Guō Qìngliàng; born 1966) is a former Singapore Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) who represented the arts sector in Singapore. He was appointed by the President of Singapore in March 2016. He steps down as Co-Artistic Director of Singaporean theatre company Drama Box in 2022, and continue his practice in the company as an Artist, Founder. He is a member of the Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre Programme Committee, and is part of the arts advisory panel of the National Arts Council, Singapore.

National Arts Council, Singapore
The National Arts Council (NAC) is a statutory board established on 15 October 1991 to oversee the development of arts in Singapore. It is under the purview of the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth. The NAC provides grants, scholarships, awards and platforms for arts practitioners, as well as arts education and programmes for the general public.
Withanolide
Withanolides are a group of at least 300 naturally occurring steroids built on an ergostane skeleton. They occur as secondary metabolites primarily in genera of the Nightshade family, for example in the tomatillo.

Structurally, withanolides consist of a steroid backbone bound to a lactone or one of its derivatives; they are produced via oxidation of steroids. It remains unknown to what end withanolides are produced; they may act as a deterrent for feeding insect larvae and other herbivores.

Genera within the nightshade family that produce withanolides include: Datura, Iochroma, Lycium, Nicandra, Physalis, Salpichroa, Solanum, Mandragora, Withania, and Jaborosa. No withanolide has been discovered in Nicotiana to date.

Jaborosa
Jaborosa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, the nightshades. There are about 23 species, all native to South America, where they are distributed from Peru to Patagonia. Most occur in the Andes. Most can be found in Argentina and ten are endemic to the country.
Richard Rosenblatt
Richard Marc Rosenblatt (born April 6, 1969) is an American entrepreneur. He built, operated, and sold over US$3.3 billion of Internet media and content-aggregation companies. Formerly the chairman and CEO of Demand Media, Rosenblatt left the company on October 14, 2013, and currently serves as founder, chairman and CEO of Whip Media. He is also the co-founder and chairman of Autograph.

Whip Media
Whip Media Group is a private American company selling enterprise software for content distribution, as well as TV- and film-related user data. It operates physical offices in the US, the UK, and the EU.
Weaversdown
Weaversdown or Weavers Down is an area of high ground in Hampshire, England, situated 2 miles (3 km) to the west of Liphook. It neighbours the Longmoor Military Camp.

It formerly had a railway station on the Longmoor Military Railway, but the line was closed in 1969.

Longmoor Military Railway
The Longmoor Military Railway (LMR) was a British military railway in Hampshire that was built by the Royal Engineers from 1903 to train soldiers on railway construction and operations. The railway ceased operation on 31 October 1969.
Desulfurization
Desulfurization or desulphurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material. The term usually refers to the removal of sulfur from a molecule or a material by hydrogenolysis:

R2S + 2 H2  →   2RH + H2S

Hydrogen is the ultimate sulfur acceptor. As applied to oil refinery streams, the conversion is known as hydrodesulfurization. These processes are of industrial and environmental importance as they provide the bulk of sulfur used in industry (Claus process and Contact process), sulfur-free compounds that could otherwise not be used in a great number of catalytic processes, and also reduce the release of harmful sulfur compounds into the environment.

A laboratory scale hydrogenolysis is the desulfurization of thioketals by Raney nickel.  In such cases, the hydrogen is contained within the reagent.

Raney nickel
Raney nickel /ˈreɪniː ˈnɪkəl/, also called spongy nickel, is a fine-grained solid composed mostly of nickel derived from a nickel–aluminium alloy. Several grades are known, of which most are gray solids. Some are pyrophoric, but most are used as air-stable slurries. Raney nickel is used as a reagent and as a catalyst in organic chemistry. It was developed in 1926 by American engineer Murray Raney for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
Raney Nickel is a registered trademark of W. R. Grace and Company. Other major producers are Evonik and Johnson Matthey.
Linus's law
In software development, Linus's law is the assertion that "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow".
The law was formulated by Eric S. Raymond in his essay and book The Cathedral and the Bazaar (1999), and was named in honor of Linus Torvalds.

A more formal statement is: "Given a large enough beta-tester and co-developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone." Presenting the code to multiple developers with the purpose of reaching consensus about its acceptance is a simple form of software reviewing. Researchers and practitioners have repeatedly shown the effectiveness of reviewing processes in finding bugs and security issues.

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.
Gary Calamar
Gary Calamar is an American film and television music supervisor, who has been nominated five times for Grammy Awards. Calamar's notable credits include The Man In The High Castle, Six Feet Under, True Blood, House, Weeds, Entourage, Dexter, and Varsity Blues. He also hosted a long-running program on the influential radio station KCRW in Santa Monica, before moving to 88.5 KCSN in September 2018. Calamar is also a songwriter and recording artist.

Music supervisor
A music supervisor is a person who combines music and visual media. According to the Guild of Music Supervisors, a music supervisor is “a qualified professional who oversees all music related aspects of film, television, advertising, video games and other existing or emerging visual media platforms as required.” In the musical theatre industry, a music supervisor is often responsible for managing a team of music directors working on any number of musical productions. In visual productions, the music supervisor usually works with the directors, writers or producers to choose which songs are best suited for the scenes.
Carrie & Barry
Carrie & Barry is a British television sitcom first broadcast on BBC One between 2004 and 2005. Written by Simon Nye, it stars Neil Morrissey and Claire Rushbrook.

Produced by Hartswood Films, it reunited Morrissey with writer Simon Nye, executive producer Beryl Vertue and director Martin Dennis. It was produced by Sue Vertue.

Neil Morrissey plays part-time taxi driver Barry and Claire Rushbrook is his beautician wife Carrie.  The couple find themselves with the daily challenges of keeping the spice in their marriage and the fun in their day jobs – as well as having to deal with Barry's teenage daughter Sinéad (Sarah Quintrell) from his disastrous first marriage. In an interview for Best magazine in 2012 Neil Morrissey stated that this role remains the one role of which he is the most proud.

Mark Williams plays Barry's mate Kirk, who co-owns his black cab (he does the night shifts) whilst Michelle Gomez is Carrie's acid-tongued best friend and fellow beautician Michelle.

Sarah Quintrell
Sarah Quintrell (born in Lambeth, London) is a BAFTA nominated writer, producer and actress, best known for her work on The Power (2023) and His Dark Materials. (Season 2, co-writing alongside Jack Thorne).  Sarah's writing debut was the multi-award winning single drama Ellen (Channel 4, 2016), which she followed up with the five-part crime drama The Trial: A Murder In The Family (Channel 4, 2017).

In 2017, Sarah was named a BAFTA Breakthrough Brit.

As an actor, Sarah has had an extensive career on stage as well as appearing in television such as Rillington Place (BBC), Call the Midwife (BBC) and Doctor Who (BBC).
Operation Sea Lion (wargame)
Operation Sea Lion was a major wargame conducted at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1974. Its aim was to find out what might have happened had Nazi Germany launched Operation Sea Lion, their planned invasion of southeast England during World War II, in September 1940. The wargame was organised by The Daily Telegraph and Dr Paddy Griffith from the Department of War Studies at Sandhurst. The British umpires were Air Chief Marshal Christopher Foxley-Norris, Rear Admiral Teddy Gueritz and Major General Glyn Gilbert. The German umpires were General Adolf Galland (air), Admiral Friedrich Ruge (naval) and General Heinrich Trettner (land). After the game's conclusion, all the umpires unanimously concluded that the invasion was a devastating defeat for the German invasion force.

Heinrich Trettner
Heinrich "Heinz" Trettner (19 September 1907 – 18 September 2006) was a German general who served in the Spanish Civil War, and during World War II and the Cold War. From 1964 to 1966, he served as Inspector General of the Bundeswehr, the head of the military of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was the last living general of the Wehrmacht.
Discrete & Computational Geometry
Discrete & Computational Geometry is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by Springer. Founded in 1986 by Jacob E. Goodman and Richard M. Pollack, the journal publishes articles on discrete geometry and  computational geometry.

Discrete geometry
Discrete geometry and combinatorial geometry are branches of geometry that study combinatorial properties and constructive methods of discrete geometric objects.  Most questions in discrete geometry involve finite or discrete sets of basic geometric objects, such as points, lines, planes, circles, spheres, polygons, and so forth.  The subject focuses on the combinatorial properties of these objects, such as how they intersect one another, or how they may be arranged to cover a larger object.

Discrete geometry has a large overlap with convex geometry and computational geometry, and is closely related to subjects such as finite geometry, combinatorial optimization, digital geometry, discrete differential geometry, geometric graph theory, toric geometry, and combinatorial topology.
Antonio da Ponte
Antonio da Ponte (1512–1597) was a Venetian architect and engineer, most famous for his rebuilding of the Rialto Bridge in Venice.

Antonio Da Ponte was the head architect of the rebuilding of the Doge's Palace that was badly damaged by fire in 1574. Between 1588 and 1591 da Ponte rebuilt the Rialto Bridge to a design to which he had contributed. The design was selected in a 1587 contest held by the local authorities under Doge Pasquale Cicogna.

In the construction of this work, Antonio was helped by his nephew Antonio Contin, who would also later design the famous Bridge of Sighs (Ponte dei Sospiri). In 1841, the Parisian architect Antoine Rondelet wrote about the suspicious similarities between Antonio da Ponte's project and the one by Vincenzo Scamozzi.

Doge's Palace
The Doge's Palace (Doge pronounced /doʊ(d)ʒ/; Italian: Palazzo Ducale; Venetian: Pałaso Dogal) is a palace built in Venetian Gothic style, and one of the main landmarks of the city of Venice in northern Italy. The palace included government offices, a jail, and the residence of the Doge of Venice, the elected authority of the former Republic of Venice. It was originally built in 810, rebuilt in 1340 and extended and modified in the following centuries. It became a museum in 1923 and is one of 11 museums run by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.
Nicolás Varrone
Nicolás Martín "Nico" Varrone (born 6 December 2000) is an Argentine racing driver currently competing for Proton Competition in the 2025 FIA World Endurance Championship. He is the 2023 WEC champion in the LMGTE Am class, having won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the category with Corvette Racing. Varrone has also won the race in the LMP2 Pro-Am subclass with AF Corse in 2024. He is set to compete for Van Amersfoort Racing in the 2026 Formula 2 Championship

2026 Formula 2 Championship
The 2026 FIA Formula 2 Championship is a scheduled motor racing championship for Formula 2 cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The championship will be the sixtieth season of Formula 2 racing and the tenth season run under the FIA Formula 2 Championship moniker. Formula 2 is an open-wheel racing category serving as the second tier of formula racing in the FIA Global Pathway. The category will be run in support of selected rounds of the 2026 Formula One World Championship. As the championship is a spec series, all teams and drivers competing in the championship will run the same car, the Dallara F2 2024.

Invicta Racing will enter the championship as the reigning Teams' Champions, having secured their title at the final race of the previous season in Abu Dhabi.
Your Man (album)
Your Man is the second studio album by American country music artist Josh Turner. It released on January 24, 2006, and debuted at No. 2 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, and debuted at No. 1 on the Top Country Albums

"Your Man" was the first single/title track released followed by "Would You Go with Me" and "Me and God." Also included is a cover of Don Williams' 1991 hit single "Lord Have Mercy on a Country Boy". The single "Your Man" would become one of two singles that would be his first singles to become gold, on June 1, 2006, along with his 2003 single, "Long Black Train".

Lord Have Mercy on a Country Boy
"Lord Have Mercy on a Country Boy" is a song written by Bob McDill, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams.  It was released in May 1991 as the third single from his album True Love. The song was Williams' last top ten single, peaking at no. 7 on Hot Country Songs and no. 17 on Canadian RPM Country Tracks.

The song has been covered by a number of artists, most notably Josh Turner on his 2006 album Your Man.
Anderson's theorem (superconductivity)
In the field of superconductivity, Anderson's theorem states that superconductivity in a conventional superconductor is robust with respect to (non-magnetic) disorder in the host material. It is named after P. W. Anderson, who discussed this phenomenon in 1959, briefly after BCS theory was introduced.

One consequence of Anderson's theorem is that the critical temperature Tc of a conventional superconductor barely depends on material purity, or more generally on defects. This concept breaks down in the case of very strong disorder, e.g. close to a superconductor-insulator transition. Also, it does not apply to unconventional superconductors. In fact, strong suppression of Tc with increasing defect scattering, thus non-validity of Anderson's theorem, is taken as a strong indication for superconductivity being unconventional.

Philip W. Anderson
Philip Warren Anderson (December 13, 1923 – March 29, 2020) was an American theoretical physicist who shared the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nevill Mott and John Van Vleck "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems."

Anderson made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking (including a paper in 1962 discussing symmetry breaking in particle physics, leading to the development of the Standard Model around 10 years later), and high-temperature superconductivity, and to the philosophy of science through his writings on emergent phenomena. He is also responsible for naming the field of physics that is now known as condensed matter physics.
Fay Compton
Virginia Lilian Emmeline Compton-Mackenzie, CBE (/ˈkʌmptən/; 18 September 1894 – 12 December 1978), known professionally as Fay Compton, was an English actress. She appeared in several films, and made many broadcasts, but was best known for her stage performances. She was known for her versatility, and appeared in Shakespeare, drawing room comedy, pantomime, modern drama, and classics such as Ibsen and Chekhov. In addition to performing in Britain, Compton appeared several times in the US, and toured Australia and New Zealand in a variety of stage plays.

Odd Man Out
Odd Man Out is a 1947 British film noir directed by Carol Reed, and starring James Mason, Robert Newton, Cyril Cusack, and Kathleen Ryan. Set in Belfast, Northern Ireland, it follows a wounded Nationalist leader who attempts to evade police in the aftermath of a robbery. It is based on the 1945 novel of the same name by F. L. Green.

The film received the first BAFTA Award for Best British Film, and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing.

Odd Man Out follows the Mason character "on an anguished journey through the alleys of Belfast that visually presages Harry Lime's shadowy flight through the sewers of Vienna" in Reed's 1949 film The Third Man.
Pavel Fradkov
Pavel Mikhailovich Fradkov (Russian: Павел Миха́йлович Фрадков) is a Russian government official serving as a deputy head of the Presidential Administration of Russia. In June 2024, he was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation (Responsible for the Development of the Technical Basis for the Management System and Information Technology) and 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

Nikolai Patrushev
Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev (Russian: Никола́й Плато́нович Па́трушев; born 11 July 1951) is a Russian politician, security officer and former intelligence officer who served as the secretary of the Security Council of Russia from 2008 to 2024. He previously served as the director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) from 1999 to 2008.

Belonging to the siloviki faction of president Vladimir Putin's inner circle, Patrushev is believed to be one of the closest advisors to Putin and a leading figure behind Russia's national security affairs. Patrushev has spoken favorably of the rise of KGB stalwarts to the highest echelons of power of Russia, referring to them as the "new nobility".

He played a key role in the decisions to seize and then annex Crimea in 2014 and to invade Ukraine in 2022.