hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osiek, Gmina Joniec
Osiek [ˈɔɕɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Joniec, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

This gentry village ("wieś szlachecka", i.e., owned by a noble) became part of the Zakroczymska land in the second half of the XVI. Between 1975 and 1998, this place belonged to the Ciechanów Voivodeship.

Gmina Joniec
Gmina Joniec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Joniec, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (8 mi) east of Płońsk and 50 km (31 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 72.64 square kilometres (28.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,613 (2,614 in 2013).
I-8 road (Bulgaria)
Republican road I-8 (Bulgarian: Републикански път I-8) is a first class road in southern Bulgaria. It runs between Kalotina, at the border with Serbia, and the Kapitan Andreevo border crossing to Turkey. The total length of the road is 386.1 km (239.9 mi). Most of it provides one driving lane per direction. Road I-8 follows European route E80 in its entire length, as well as E85 in the section between Haskovo and Kapitan Andreevo. It follows the route of the ancient Roman road Via Militaris. The I-8 runs in parallel to the motorways of Europe (A6), Trakiya (A1) and Maritsa (A4). The road passes through the provinces of Sofia, Sofia City, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv and Haskovo.

Maritsa motorway
The Maritsa motorway (Bulgarian: Автомагистрала „Марица“, Avtomagistrala "Maritsa"), designated A4, is a motorway in Bulgaria, part of the Pan-European Corridor IV, between the Trakia motorway (A1), at the town of Chirpan, and Kapitan Andreevo, at the Turkish border.

The planned completion of the last remaining stretch of the motorway was in 2013, but a delay occurred and the complete motorway enterеd service in October 2015.

It is named after the Maritsa River.
New Hampshire's 23rd State Senate district
New Hampshire's 23rd State Senate district is one of 24 districts in the New Hampshire Senate. It has been represented by Republican Bill Gannon since 2020, following his defeat of Democratic incumbent Jon Morgan. Gannon first represented the district from 2016-2018.

Jon Morgan (New Hampshire politician)
Jonathan Thomas Morgan (born September 1982) is a former New Hampshire politician. A Democrat, Morgan represented the 23rd district in the New Hampshire Senate for one term; he was defeated in the 2020 election by his predecessor, Republican Bill Gannon. Morgan served as vice chair of Senate Commerce, and on the Election Law & Municipal Affairs and Education & Workforce Development committees. The 23rd district covers nine towns in central Rockingham County. Morgan is currently a member of the Brentwood Board of selectmen.

Prior to his election to the Senate, Morgan was a contractor for the Department of Defense, and continues to work at a cybersecurity firm based in Silicon Valley.
Natural semantic metalanguage
Natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) is a linguistic theory that reduces lexicons down to a set of semantic primitives. It is based on the conception of Polish professor Andrzej Bogusławski. The theory was formally developed by Anna Wierzbicka at Warsaw University and later at the Australian National University in the early 1970s, and Cliff Goddard at Australia's Griffith University.

Andrzej Bogusławski
Andrzej Stanisław Bogusławski (1 December 1931 – 6 January 2026) was a Polish philologist, semanticist, semioticist and philosopher of language of international repute. Originally a specialist in Russian language, his interests broadened into the epistemology of language and linguistics.

During martial law in Poland he was interned for refusing to sign an oath of loyalty which led to international protests. He was a professor emeritus at Warsaw University.
Livingston Award
The Livingston Awards at the University of Michigan are American journalism awards issued to media professionals under the age of 35 for local, national, and international reporting. They are the largest, all-media, general reporting prizes in America. Popularly referred to as the "Pulitzer for the Young", the awards have recognized the early talent of journalists, including Michele Norris, Christiane Amanpour, David Remnick, Ira Glass, J. R. Moehringer, Thomas Friedman, Rick Atkinson, David Isay, Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, Tom Ashbrook, Nicholas Confessore, C. J. Chivers, Michael S. Schmidt, and Ronan Farrow.

Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy (Urdu: شرمین عبید چنائے; born November 12, 1978) is a Pakistani journalist, filmmaker and political activist known for her work in films that highlight gender inequality against women. She is the recipient of seven Emmy Awards and two Academy Awards.
Tahara Domain
Tahara Domain (田原藩, Tahara-han) was a minor fudai Japanese domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in southern Mikawa Province (modern-day southeastern Aichi Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Tahara Castle in what is now the city of Tahara.

Tahara, Aichi
Tahara (田原市, Tahara-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 60,206 in 22,576 households, and a population density of 315 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 191.12 square kilometres (73.79 sq mi).
Elliptic curve point multiplication
Elliptic curve scalar multiplication is the operation of successively adding a point along an elliptic curve to itself repeatedly.  It is used in elliptic curve cryptography (ECC).
The literature presents this operation as scalar multiplication, as written in Hessian form of an elliptic curve. A widespread name for this operation is also elliptic curve point multiplication, but this can convey the wrong impression of being a multiplication between two points.

Elliptic-curve cryptography
Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC allows smaller keys to provide equivalent security, compared to cryptosystems based on modular exponentiation in finite fields, such as the  RSA cryptosystem and  ElGamal cryptosystem.

Elliptic curves are applicable for key agreement, digital signatures, pseudo-random generators and other tasks. Indirectly, they can be used for encryption by combining the key agreement with a symmetric encryption scheme. They are also used in several integer factorization algorithms that have applications in cryptography, such as Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization.
Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus
Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus (11 November 1729 – 6 June 1814) was a German physician, natural historian and economist.

He was the son of Hermann Samuel Reimarus, the brother of the writer Elise Reimarus and the father (by his first marriage) of Johanna Reimarius, who married Georg Heinrich Sieveking. He married twice, the second time to Sophia, sister of August Adolph von Hennings.

In 1755, he visited London and studied under the anatomists William Hunter and James Douglas. His achievements include introducing smallpox vaccination to Hamburg and introducing continental Europe to the idea of the lightning rod.

August Adolph von Hennings
August Adolph von Hennings (19 July 1746, Pinneberg – 17 May 1826, Rantzau) was a politician, publicist and writer of the Age of Enlightenment, born in the Duchy of Holstein to a family of lawyers. Active in Denmark and the German states, he was known as the "true apostle of the Enlightenment to the dukedoms" His elder sister Sophia (1742–1817) married the physician Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus.
2005 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship
The 2005 NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship was the 37th annual NCAA Men's Water Polo Championship to determine the national champion of NCAA men's collegiate water polo. Tournament matches were played at the Kinney Natatorium at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania from December 3–4, 2005.

USC defeated Stanford in the final, 3–2, the game winning goal scored by Pavol Valovic, to win their third national title. The Trojans (26–1) were coached by Jovan Vavic.

The Most Outstanding Players of the tournament were Adam Shilling and Juraj Zatovic from USC. Additionally, two All-Tournament Teams were named: a First Team (with seven players including Shilling and Zatovic) and a Second Team (with eight players).

The tournament's leading scorer, with 5 goals, was Cutberto Hernandez from Loyola Marymount.

Jovan Vavic
Jovan Vavic (born 1961 or 1962) is the former head coach of both the University of Southern California (USC) men's and women's water polo teams. In 2012, he was interim head coach of the United States men's national water polo team. While coaching USC he won the National Coach of the Year award 15 times, and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation Coach of the Year award 13 times. He was fired by USC in March 2019 in the wake of his indictment in the 2019 college admissions bribery scandal. After his indictment, Vavic was arrested on charges of accepting at least $250,000 in bribes. In April 2022, he was convicted of fraud and bribery. However, the conviction was later overturned and a new trial ordered.
Ames Academy Building
Ames Academy Building is a historic school building located at Ames, Montgomery County, New York.  It was built in 1835 and is a two-story, rectangular, gable roofed, stone masonry building five bays long and two bays wide.  The walls are constructed of cut limestone blocks.  The Ames Academy received a charter from the New York State Board of Regents on February 5, 1839.  It was used as a school until 1959.  Since 1987 it has housed a local history museum.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Ames, New York
Ames is a village in Montgomery County, New York, United States. The population was 138 at the 2020 census. It is within the town of Canajoharie. As of 2025, it is the smallest village in upstate New York.
Maybach 57 and 62
The Maybach 57 (W240) and 62 (V240) were the first automobile models of the Maybach brand since its revival by Mercedes-Benz Group AG. They are derived from the Mercedes-Benz Maybach concept car presented at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show. Both concept models were based on a heavily reengineered version of the Mercedes-Benz W140 S-Class platform and were developed as ultra-luxury flagships positioned above the S-Class. Conceived as the most luxurious automobiles of their era, the Maybach 57 and 62 emphasized rear-seat comfort. The Luxury Brand Status Index 2008 placed the Maybach in first place, ahead of Rolls-Royce and Bentley. It marked the continuation of the brand’s ultra-luxury, top of the line model after a hiatus of over two decades since the previous model, the Mercedes-Benz 600. The revived Maybach brand was intended to symbolize technical excellence, status, and uncompromising luxury at the highest level of the automotive market like the Mercedes-Benz 600.

V12 engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines.

The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, after which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s.

Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars.
Azerbaijan Carpet Museum
Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Milli Xalça Muzeyi, formerly called the Azerbaijan Carpet Museum) is a museum located in Baku that displays Azerbaijani carpets and rugs with historical and modern weaving techniques and materials. It has the largest collection of Azerbaijani carpets in the world. First opened on Neftchiler Avenue in 1967, it moved to a new building in the Baku seafront park in 2014.

Neftchiler Avenue
Neftchiler Avenue (Azerbaijani: Neftçilər Prospekti; literally Oil Worker's Prospect) is an  arterial road in Baku, Azerbaijan. It begins at the west end of the Bayil district of Baku and continues east until terminating at Javanshir Bridge (formerly Gagarin Bridge) intersecting Uzeyir Hajibeyov Street. It is used as part of the Baku City Circuit, including the Start-Finish straight located next to Government House

Previous names of Neftchilar Avenue were Alexander II Quay, Gubanov Quay, and Stalin Avenue. The street was named Neftchilar Avenue in 1961 in honour of workers of oil industry in Azerbaijan. The larger section of the avenue runs along Baku Boulevard.
Dumkhal
Dumkhal is a village in Narmada district of Gujarat, India. The population is 1285. The Maharashtra Major State Highway 1 ends at this village. The nearby sanctuary of Shoolpaneshwar is also called "Dumkhal Wildlife Sanctuary."

Major State Highway 1 (Maharashtra)
Maharashtra Major State Highway 1, commonly referred to as MH MSH 1, is a major state highway that runs south through Dhule and Nandurbar districts in the state of Maharashtra. This state highway touches numerous cities and villages, namely Songir, Chimthane, Dondaicha, Nimgul, Shahada, Dhadgaon, Kathi, Molgi, Wadifali and then proceeds south-west towards Maharashtra-Gujarat state border. This highway enters Gujarat State near Wadifali village which is on border of Nandurbar district of Maharashtra and Narmada district of Gujarat and ends at Dumkhal village which is just 15 km South-East of Sardar Sarovar Dam.
Gary Hulse
Gary Hulse (born 20 January 1981) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for Great Britain (Under-21s (Academy)), and Wales, and at club level for Warrington Wolves, Widnes Vikings, Rochdale Hornets and Swinton Lions, as a fullback, stand-off, or scrum-half.

Swinton Lions
The Swinton Lions are a professional rugby league club based in Swinton, Greater Manchester, England, which competes in the RFL Championship. The club has won the Championship six times and three Challenge Cups. Before 1996, the club was known simply as Swinton RLFC.
Thomas Shailer Weston Jr.
Thomas Shailer Weston (3 July 1868 – 20 January 1931) was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 17 June 1926 to 20 January 1931, when he committed suicide aged 62 years. He was appointed by the Reform Government.

Weston was born in Auckland on 3 July 1868. His parents were Maria Cracroft Weston (née Hill) and Thomas S. Weston, and judge and later a member of the House of Representatives for electorates on the West Coast of the South Island. Like his younger brother Claude, he was educated at Christ's College and graduated from the Canterbury University College. He graduated with B.A. (1888), M.A. first class honours in political science (1889), and LL.B. (1892).

He was for some time governor of the New Plymouth Boys' High School. He later lived in Wellington.

New Plymouth Boys' High School
New Plymouth Boys' High School is a single-sex boys' state secondary school in New Plymouth, Taranaki, New Zealand.

The school currently caters for approximately 1300 students, including 190 odd boarders, on its 15 hectares (37 acres) site.

The school often collaborates with the very close-by New Plymouth Girls' High School when participating in competitions and in extracurricular activities.
Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham
The Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it became part of the London Borough of Lewisham along with the Metropolitan Borough of Deptford.

Lewisham
Lewisham (/ˈluːɪʃəm/ ⓘ LOO-ish-əm) is an area of southeast London, England, six miles (ten kilometres) south of Charing Cross. It is the principal area of the London Borough of Lewisham, and was within the historic county of Kent until 1889. It is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London, with a large shopping centre and street market. Lewisham had a population of 60,573 in 2011.
Gert Sibande
Gert Shedrack Sibande (1901 near Ermelo, Mpumalanga – 1987; also known as Lion of the East) was a South African farm worker and anti-apartheid political activist. He was one of the ANC co-accused to stand trial in the treason trial of 1956-61 alongside Nelson Mandela and 154 others.

Sibande played a critical role in the Potato Boycott of 1959.

The Gert Sibande district in Mpumalanga province of South Africa is named after him. He was born in the district and spent a large part of his life there.

He was posthumously awarded the Order of Luthuli in Gold for his exceptional contributions to the improvement of farm workers' working conditions and his efforts towards a non-racial, just, and democratic South Africa.

Ermelo, South Africa
Ermelo (/əməloʊ/) is the educational, industrial and commercial town of the 7,750 km2 Gert Sibande District Municipality in Mpumalanga province, Republic of South Africa. It is both a mixed agriculture and mining region. It is located 210 km east of Johannesburg.
2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
On 12 November 2014, an Armenian Mil Mi-24 attack helicopter (NATO reporting name "Hind") was shot down by Azerbaijani Armed Forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, killing all three crew members.

Mil Mi-24
The Mil Mi-24 (Russian: Миль Ми-24; NATO reporting name: Hind) is a large helicopter gunship, attack helicopter and low-capacity troop transport with room for eight passengers. It is produced by Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant and was introduced by the Soviet Air Force in 1972. As of 2025, the helicopter is in use with 52 countries.

In NATO circles, the export versions, Mi-25 and Mi-35, are denoted with a letter suffix as "Hind D" and "Hind E". Soviet pilots called the Mi-24 the "flying tank" (Russian: летающий танк, romanized: letayushchiy tank), a term used historically with the famous World War II Soviet Il-2 Shturmovik armored ground attack aircraft. Other common unofficial nicknames were "Galina" (or "Galya"), "Crocodile" (Russian: Крокодил, romanized: Krokodil), due to the helicopter's camouflage scheme, and "Drinking Glass" (Russian: Стакан, romanized: Stakan), because of the flat glass plates that surround earlier Mi-24 variants' cockpits.
Neve Harif
Neve Harif (Hebrew: נְוֵה חָרִיף) is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located in the Arabah valley near Eilat, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Eilot Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 135.

Arabah
The Arabah/Araba (Arabic: وادي عربة, romanized: Wādī ʿAraba) or Aravah/Arava (Hebrew: הָעֲרָבָה, romanized: hāʿĂrāḇā, lit. 'dry area') is a loosely defined geographic area located south of the Dead Sea drainage basin and north of the Gulf of Aqaba in southeastern Israel and southwestern Jordan.

The old meaning, which was in use up to around the early 20th century, covered almost the entire length of what today is called the Jordan Rift Valley, running in a north–south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee and the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba of the Red Sea at Aqaba–Eilat. This included the Jordan Rift Valley between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, the Dead Sea itself, and what today is commonly called the Arava Valley. The contemporary use of the term is restricted to this southern section alone.
Biosatellite 1
Biosatellite 1, also known as Biosat 1 and Biosatellite A, was the first mission in NASA's Biosatellite program. It was launched on December 14, 1966, by a Delta G rocket from Launch Complex 17A of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station into an orbit with a 296-kilometre (184 mi) perigee, 309-kilometre (192 mi) apogee, and 33.5 degrees of orbital inclination, with a period of 90.5 minutes.

Biosatellite 1 was carrying several specimens for studying the effects of the space environment on biological processes. Prior to reentry, the entry capsule separated from the satellite bus properly, but the deorbit motor failed to ignite, leaving it stranded in a slowly decaying orbit. It re-entered and disintegrated on February 15, 1967.

Delta (rocket family)
The Delta rocket family was a versatile range of American rocket-powered expendable launch systems that provided space launch capability in the United States from 1960 to 2024. Japan also launched license-built derivatives (N-I, N-II, and H-I) from 1975 to 1992. More than 300 Delta rockets were launched with a 95% success rate.  The series was phased out in favor of the Vulcan Centaur, with the Delta IV Heavy rocket's last launch occurring on April 9, 2024.
Carinhall
Carinhall was the country residence of Hermann Göring, built in the 1930s on a large hunting estate north-east of Berlin in the Schorfheide Forest, in the north of Brandenburg, between the lakes of Großdöllner See and Wuckersee.

Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve
52°58′N 13°49′E﻿ / ﻿52.97°N 13.82°E﻿ / 52.97; 13.82

The Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve, often shortened to Schorfheide (German pronunciation: [ˈʃɔʁfhaɪdə]), is a biosphere reserve in the German State of Brandenburg near the Polish border. The reserve was established on 1 October 1990 following the German Reunification and is under the protection of the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve Programme. It stretches over the German districts of Barnim, Uckermark, Märkisch-Oderland and Oberhavel and incorporates an area of 1,291 square kilometres (498 sq mi). Notable towns are Eberswalde, Joachimsthal and Friedrichswalde. The core area of the reserve is formed by the Schorfheide forest, one of the largest cohesive woodlands in Germany.
Mount Albert, New Zealand
Mount Albert (Māori: Ōwairaka) is an inner suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, which is centred on Ōwairaka / Mount Albert, a local volcanic peak which dominates the landscape. By 1911, growth in the area had increased to the point where Mount Albert was declared an independent borough, which was later absorbed into Auckland. The suburb is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the southwest of the Auckland City Centre.

Allan Kerr Taylor
Allan Kerr Taylor (30 December 1832 – 14 April 1890) was a notable New Zealand landowner and businessman. He was born in Negapatam, India in 1832. His second wife was Sophia Taylor (née Davis).

His father was General William Taylor.
Prince Hyoseong
Prince Hyoseong (Korean: 효성태자; Hanja: 孝成太子; d. 976), personal name Wang Imju (Korean: 왕임주; Hanja: 王林州) was a Korean Royal Prince as the oldest son of Taejo of Goryeo and Lady Cheonan. He was the older brother of Prince Hyoji and later married his half niece, only daughter of King Jeongjong and Queen Munseong. After supported Gwangjong's Kingship reinforcement plan, he and his other half brother, Prince Wonnyeong was killed in 976 by the released nobles when the King's abolition of the aristocratic deterrence was abolished.

Taejo of Goryeo
Taejo (Korean: 태조; Hanja: 太祖; 31 January 877 – 4 July 943), personal name Wang Kŏn (왕건; 王建), also known as Taejo Wang Kŏn (태조 왕건; 太祖 王建; lit. 'Great Progenitor Wang Kŏn'), was the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea. He ruled from 918 to 943, achieving unification of the Later Three Kingdoms in 936.
Rasikan
Rasikan (transl. Funny Guy) is a 2004 Indian Malayalam-language action comedy film directed by Lal Jose and written by Murali Gopy starring Dileep in the lead role with Murali Gopy, Biju Menon, Samvrutha Sunil, Sishwa, Sidharth Bharathan, Sukumari, Kalabhavan Abi, Aniyappan and Jagathy Sreekumar in the supporting roles. This was the debut film for both Murali Gopy and Samvrutha Sunil. The movie was an average hit.

Sidharth Bharathan
Sidharth Bharathan (born 26 May 1983) is an Indian actor, screenwriter and film director who prominently works in Malayalam films. He made his acting debut in Nammal (2002) and directional debut in Nidra (2012).