hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hu Maxwell
Hu Maxwell (September 22, 1860, Saint George, Virginia (now West Virginia) — August 20, 1927, Evanston, Illinois) was a local historian, novelist, editor, poet, and author of several histories of West Virginia counties.

St. George, West Virginia
St. George is an unincorporated community and former county seat of Tucker County, West Virginia, United States. As a census-designated place, the population was 74 at the 2020 census.

It is located on the Cheat River, where it is joined by Minear Run.
God Emperor of Dune
God Emperor of Dune is a science fiction novel by American writer Frank Herbert, published in 1981. The fourth in his Dune series of six novels, it was ranked as the No. 11 hardcover fiction best seller of 1981 by Publishers Weekly.

Spacing Guild
The Spacing Guild is an organization in Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune universe that possesses a monopoly on interstellar travel and banking. Guild Navigators (alternately Guildsmen or Steersmen) use the drug melange (also called "the spice") to achieve limited prescience, a form of precognition that allows them to successfully navigate "folded space" and safely guide enormous starships called heighliners across interstellar space instantaneously.

The power of the Guild is balanced against that of the Padishah Emperor as well as of the assembled noble Houses of the Landsraad. Essentially apolitical, the Guild is primarily concerned with the flow of commerce and preservation of the economy that supports them. Although their ability to dictate the terms of and fees for all transport gives them influence in the political arena, they do not pursue political goals beyond their economic ones.
Newcastle Castle, Bridgend
Newcastle Castle (Welsh: Y Castell Newydd) is a medieval castle located on Newcastle Hill, Newcastle, overlooking the town centre of Bridgend in Glamorgan, South Wales. It was originally believed to date from 1106 when a ringwork was created at the site by the Norman baron Robert Fitzhamon. Some of the fine stonework survives, but today the castle is ruinous.

Newcastle, Bridgend
Newcastle (Welsh: Y Castell Newydd) is an area and electoral ward of the town of Bridgend, Wales. The area includes the medieval Newcastle Castle. The ward elects councillors to Bridgend Town Council and Bridgend County Borough Council.
Zhongshan High School of Northeast
Zhongshan High School of Northeast (东北中山中学) (Nezs) is a secondary school located in Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It was the first national high school in the Republic of China. It was found by nationalist politician Chi Shi-ying. Its original name was National Northeast Zhongshan High School (國立東北中山中學). Nezs is the only middle school to join the December 9th Movement.

It was established in Peiking in 1934. The first headmaster was Li Xi'en Archived 2022-12-03 at the Wayback Machine, who became Jilin University's headmaster. In the autumn of 1936, Nezs moved to Banqiao, Nanjing because of the Second Sino-Japanese War. After the war, in 1946, Nezs moved to Shenyang, Liaoning, and changed its name to Shenyang No.39 middle school. In 1996, Nezs rehabilitated the name Zhongshan High School of Northeast. In 1998, Nezs became Shenyang Middle School (沈阳市重点中学). In 1999, it became Liaoning School (辽宁省重点中学).

Chi Shi-ying
Chi Shi-ying (simplified Chinese: 齐世英; traditional Chinese: 齊世英; pinyin: Qí Shìyīng; October 4, 1899 – August 8, 1987) was a Chinese politician, intelligence officer, and dissident. As a close confidant and secretary to Chen Li-fu, as well as a member of the CC Clique, Chi was one of the key leaders of Kuomintang resistance in Manchuria during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1954, he was expelled from the Party by Chiang Kai-shek. Following his expulsion, he co-founded the China Democracy Party in 1960 alongside Hu Shih and Lei Chen.
XHCHZ-FM
XHCHZ-FM is a radio station in Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico. Broadcasting on 107.9 FM, XHCHZ-FM is owned by the Instituto Mexicano de la Radio and broadcasts a music and information format under the name "Radio Lagarto".

Instituto Mexicano de la Radio
The Instituto Mexicano de la Radio (IMER; English: "Mexican Radio Institute") is a Mexican public broadcaster.

It was founded in 1983 as a companion to the public TV broadcaster Imevisión, since privatized and known as TV Azteca. When Imevisión was privatized, XEIMT-TV (Imevisión's cultural channel) and IMER remained under government control.
Broken Promise (2009 film)
Broken Promise (Slovak: Nedodržaný sľub) is a 2009 war drama film directed by Jiří Chlumský and starring Samuel Spišák, Ondřej Vetchý, and Zuzana Porubjaková. The film was Slovakia's submission to the 82nd Academy Awards in the Best Foreign Language Film category. It won the main prize at the 2009 Los Angeles Jewish Film Festival. Broken Promise received nine nominations at the 2010 Sun in a Net Awards but succeeded in winning just one, awarded to Michal Novinski for the film's music.

Michal Novinski
Michal Novinski (born Michal Ničík 4 October 1971) is a Slovak composer. He is best known for his film scores and theatre music. He received two Czech Lion Awards for scores for the films Kooky and In the Shadow.
Ysgol Gyfun Gwynllyw
Ysgol Gymraeg Gwynllyw is a Welsh-medium all-age school located in Trevethin, Pontypool in Torfaen, Wales and named for Saint Gwynllyw. The school had 781 pupils on roll in 2024. The school changed its name from Ysgol Gyfun Gwynllyw to Ysgol Gymraeg Gwynllyw, in 2022, dropping "Comprehensive" and instead highlighting the Welsh language, due to its move from a High School to an all-age school for ages 3 to 18, the first in South East Wales. This area has the lowest proportion of Welsh speakers in Wales.

Trevethin
Trevethin or Trefethin (Welsh: Trefddyn) is a suburb of Pontypool and a community
in Torfaen, Wales. The community is coterminous with the electoral ward of Trevethin and Penygarn, which elects councillors to Torfaen County Borough Council. It is in the historic county of Monmouthshire.
ReMarkable
The reMarkable is an E Ink writing tablet for reading documents and textbooks, sketching and note-taking that attempts to fully replicate paper writing. Developed by a Norwegian startup company of the same name, the device is geared towards students, academics and professionals.

The reMarkable uses electronic paper reading display and tablet computer writing system.

ReMarkable (manufacturer)
reMarkable is a Norwegian technology company that develops digital paper tablets designed to replicate the feel of writing on paper.

The first version of the tablet, the reMarkable 1, began shipping in 2017. In 2020, reMarkable released the second iteration of its tablet, the reMarkable 2. In 2024, the company released the reMarkable Paper Pro, their first e-paper tablet to feature color and frontlight. The company also manufactures and sells its keyboard accessory, the Type Folio.
Run (B'z album)
Run is the sixth studio album by Japanese rock band B'z. Run debuted with 1,190,380 copies sold in its first week and over 2,196,660 copies sold in total.

The album continues the band's change in direction from a synthesizer-heavy band to a more guitar-oriented band. A full horn section replaced the synth brass backing, and electric organ was used more extensively. The resulting sound was not unlike many American bands, particularly Aerosmith, one of lead singer Koshi Inaba's inspirations.

Only one single, "Zero," was released.

B'z
B'z (Japanese: ビーズ, Hepburn: Bīzu) is a Japanese rock duo consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro "Tak" Matsumoto and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba, known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads. B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan by certifications, having released 50 consecutive No. 1 singles, 27 No. 1 albums, and 4 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts, and have sold more than 100 million records worldwide.

In 2003, HMV Japan ranked them at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts. In 2007, B'z became the first music act from Asia to have their handprints and signatures put up on Hollywood's RockWalk. In 2008, they were awarded a Guinness World Record for "Best-selling album act in Japan", which also notes them to be the best-selling act in Japan overall.
Kamica
Kamica [kaˈmit͡sa] (German: Kämitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gościno, within Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 17 km (11 mi) south of Kołobrzeg and 97 km (60 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 60.

Gmina Gościno
Gmina Gościno is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Gościno, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-east of Kołobrzeg and 100 km (62 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 116.04 square kilometres (44.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population was 5,136. Before 2011 it was classed as a rural gmina, becoming urban-rural on 1 January 2011 when Gościno became a town.
Library and Archives Canada
Library and Archives Canada (LAC; French: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is the federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada. The national archive and library is the 16th largest library in the world. The LAC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Identity and Culture.

LAC traces its origins to the Dominion Archives, formed in 1872, and the National Library of Canada, formed in 1953. The former was later renamed as the Public Archives of Canada in 1912, and the National Archives of Canada in 1987. In 2004, the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada were merged to form Library and Archives Canada.

Canadian Association of University Teachers
The Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT; French: Association canadienne des professeures et professeurs d'université, ACPPU) is a federation of independent associations and trade unions representing approximately 75,000 teachers, librarians, researchers, and other academic staff at over 130 colleges and universities across Canada.
XEETCH-AM
XEETCH-AM (La Voz de los Tres Ríos – "The Voice of the Three Rivers") is an Indigenous community radio station that broadcasts in Spanish, Mayo, Yaqui and Guarijio from Etchojoa in the Mexican state of Sonora. 
It is run by the Cultural Indigenist Broadcasting System (SRCI) of the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (CDI).

Etchojoa
Etchojoa is the seat of Etchojoa Municipality. Founded in 1613, Etchojoa is located in the southwest of the Mexican state of Sonora. It is situated at 26°52′N 109°39′W﻿ / ﻿26.867°N 109.650°W﻿ / 26.867; -109.650. The total municipal area is 1,220.23 km².
Mystery Plane
Mystery Plane (aka Sky Pilot and Sky Pirate) is a 1939 American action film directed by George Waggner and written by Paul Schofield and George Waggner. The film is based on the comic strip Tailspin Tommy by Hal Forrest and Glenn Chaffin. The film stars John Trent, Marjorie Reynolds, Milburn Stone, Jason Robards Sr., George Lynn and Lucien Littlefield. Mystery Plane, the first of four "Tailspin Tommy" films made by Monogram Pictures, was released on March 8, 1939.

Tailspin Tommy
Tailspin Tommy was an aviation-adventure comic strip about a youthful pilot, "Tailspin" Tommy Tomkins (sometimes spelled Tompkins). Originally illustrated by Hal Forrest and initially distributed by John Neville Wheeler's Bell Syndicate and then by United Feature Syndicate, the strip had a 14-year run from May 21, 1928 to March 15, 1942.

In the wake of Charles Lindbergh's 1927 flight across the Atlantic, the public's fascination with aviation escalated. Tailspin Tommy was the first aviation-based comic strip to appear as a result of this heightened interest. The strip's 1928 launch was followed by others, notably Skyroads (1929-1942), Scorchy Smith (1930-1961), The Adventures of Smilin' Jack (1933-1973) and Flyin' Jenny (1939-1946).
Surface of revolution
A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) one full revolution around an axis of rotation (normally not intersecting the generatrix, except at its endpoints).
The volume bounded by the surface created by this revolution is the solid of revolution.

Examples of surfaces of revolution generated by a straight line are cylindrical and conical surfaces depending on whether or not the line is parallel to the axis. A circle that is rotated around any diameter generates a sphere of which it is then a great circle, and if the circle is rotated around an axis that does not intersect the interior of a circle, then it generates a torus which does not intersect itself (a ring torus).

Generatrix
In geometry, a generatrix (/dʒɛnəˈreɪtrɪks/) or describent is a point, curve or surface that, when moved along a given path, generates a new shape. The path directing the motion of the generatrix motion is called a directrix or dirigent.
Wake Up (Brand Nubian song)
"Wake Up" is a song by American hip-hop group Brand Nubian, released on November 7, 1990, as the third single from their debut studio album One for All (1990). There are two versions of the song: "Wake Up (Stimulated Dummies Mix)", which is produced by Stimulated Dummies and samples "Tanga Boo Gonk" by The Nite-Liters and "Cissy Strut" by The Meters; and "Wake Up (Reprise in the Sunshine)", which contains samples of "Everybody Loves the Sunshine" by Roy Ayers, "Another Day" by Ray, Goodman & Brown and "Flash Light" by Parliament. The song is performed only by Grand Puba and sees him rapping about the main principles of Five-Percent Nation.

Brand Nubian
Brand Nubian is an American hip hop group from New Rochelle, New York, composed of three emcees (Grand Puba, Sadat X and Lord Jamar), and formerly three DJs (DJ Alamo, DJ Sincere, and DJ Stud Doogie). Their debut studio album, One for All (1990), is one of the most popular and acclaimed alternative hip hop albums of the 1990s, known for socially conscious and political lyrics inspired by the teachings of The Nation of Gods and Earths. In 2008, About.com placed the group on its list of the 25 Greatest Rap Groups of All Time.
Claino con Osteno
Claino con Osteno (Comasco: Scin Osten [ˌʃĩː uˈstẽː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Como.  It is a small comune on Lake Lugano, composed of a series of small frazioni (hamlets): the biggest ones (Claino and Osteno) have been chosen for the municipal name.

Claino con Osteno borders the following municipalities: Alta Valle Intelvi, Laino, Ponna, Porlezza,   Valsolda.

Near Osteno is a site belonging to the Moltrasio Formation, which preserves numerous late-Jurassic fossils characterized by integral fossilization such as Squaloraja polyspondyla.

Ponna
Ponna (Comasco: Pona [ˈpoːna]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 264 and an area of 6.0 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi).

Ponna borders the following municipalities: Claino con Osteno, Colonno, Laino, Ossuccio, Porlezza, Sala Comacina.
The Oaks (Staunton, Virginia)
From 1868 until his death in 1899,The Oaks was the home of Major Jedediah Hotchkiss. Hotchkiss made his mark in a number of fields including mapmaking, surveying, land and coal speculation, and education. During the Civil War, Hotchkiss first served under Gen. Robert E. Lee as topographical engineer, and then joined Gen. Stonewall Jackson's staff in the same capacity, soon becoming one of the General's closest aides. His campaign maps, now housed at the Library of Congress, are considered by Civil War historians to be among the finest ever made. Hotchkiss returned to Staunton after the war ended and began speculating in land and minerals. He also lectured and wrote extensively about Virginia's geology, geography, and Civil War history.

Jedediah Hotchkiss
Jedediah Hotchkiss (November 30, 1828 – January 17, 1899) was an American Confederate Army officer, cartographer, topographer and teacher. His detailed and accurate maps of the Shenandoah Valley are credited by many as a principal factor in Confederate General Stonewall Jackson's victories in the Valley Campaign of 1862 during the American Civil War.
Luxembourg Mathematical Society
The Luxembourg Mathematical Society (French: Société mathématique du Luxembourg, SML) was founded in January 1989 on the initiative of Professor Jean-Paul Pier.

Its mission is the promotion of Pure and Applied Mathematics. The scope of action of the SML includes

the organization of conferences, workshops, seminars, round table discussions etc.

the edition of books, mathematical journals, newsletters etc.

the representation of Mathematics and the mathematics profession in Luxembourg inside and outside the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg

The SML is a member of the European Mathematical Society (EMS). It has reciprocity agreements with the American Mathematical Society and the Royal Spanish Mathematical Society.

Jean-Paul Pier
Jean-Paul Pier (July 5, 1933 – December 14, 2016) was a Luxembourgish mathematician, specializing in harmonic analysis and the history of mathematics, particularly mathematical analysis in the 20th century.
Tanner cabinet
Väinö Tanner's cabinet was the 14th government of Finland, which existed from 13 December 1926 to 17 December 1927. It was a minority government led by Social Democratic Prime Minister Väinö Tanner. The cabinet's Deputy Minister of Social affairs, Miina Sillanpää, was the first female minister in Finnish history.

Väinö Tanner
Väinö Alfred Tanner (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋæi̯nø ˈalfred ˈtɑnːer]; 12 March 1881 – 19 April 1966; surname until 1895 Thomasson) was a leading figure in the Social Democratic Party of Finland, and a pioneer and leader of the cooperative movement in Finland. He was Prime Minister of Finland in 1926–1927.
People of the Philippines v. Hernandez
People of the Philippines v. Hernandez, 99 Phil. Rep 515 (1956), was a case decided by the Philippine Supreme Court which held that the crime of rebellion under the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines is charged as a single offense, and that it cannot be made into a complex crime. While it was decided on an almost divided opinion, it nevertheless became a stable doctrine in Philippine jurisprudence.

Amado V. Hernandez
Amado Vera Hernandez (September 13, 1903 – March 24, 1970), was a Filipino writer and labor leader who was known for his criticism of social injustices in the Philippines and was later imprisoned for his involvement in the communist movement. He was the central figure in a landmark legal case that took 13 years to settle.

He was born in Tondo, Manila, to parents Juan Hernandez from Hagonoy, Bulacan and Clara Vera of Baliuag, Bulacan.  He grew up and studied at the Gagalangin, Tondo, the Manila High School and at the American Correspondence School.
St. Louis Steamers (1979–1988)
The original St. Louis Steamers played in the Major Indoor Soccer League from 1979 through 1988. Their home fixtures were held at the St. Louis Arena. The Steamers were popular for several years, with average attendance exceeding 12,000 for each season from 1980–81 through 1984–85, and outdrawing the NHL's St. Louis Blues for four consecutive seasons from 1980–81 through 1983–84.

St. Louis Arena
St. Louis Arena (known as the Checkerdome from 1977 to 1983) was an indoor arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The country's second-largest indoor entertainment venue when it opened in 1929, it was home to the St. Louis Blues and other sports franchises. The Arena sat across U.S. 40 (now I-64) from Forest Park's Aviation Field.

The Arena hosted conventions, concerts, political rallies, horse shows, circuses, boxing matches, professional wrestling, Roller Derby competitions, indoor soccer matches, the 1973 and 1978 NCAA men's basketball Final Four, the NCAA Men's Midwest Regional finals in 1982, 1984, and 1993, the 1992–94 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament, the 1968, 1969, and 1970 Stanley Cup Finals, and the 1975 NCAA men's Frozen Four ice hockey finals.

It was demolished in 1999.
Arkadelphia Aquatic Park
Arkadelphia Aquatic Park is a water park located in Arkadelphia, Arkansas. During the 2006 season, nearly 25,000 individuals visited the park.  This was up over 20% from 2005.  Roughly 40% of the visitors are from out of town.

Arkadelphia, Arkansas
Arkadelphia is a city in Clark County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,380. The city is the county seat of Clark County. It is situated at the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. Two universities, Henderson State University and Ouachita Baptist University, are located here. Arkadelphia was incorporated in 1857.
Suba North Constituency
Suba North, formerly known as Mbita Constituency from 1966 to 2013, is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of eight constituencies in Homa Bay County. It was created in 1966 after Lambwe Constituency was divided to Mbita and Ndhiwa constituencies.

It has five electoral wards namely;
Mfangano Island, Rusinga Island, Kasgunga, Gembe and Lambwe.

The current Member of Parliament is Millie Odhiambo.

Millie Odhiambo
Millie Grace Akoth Odhiambo Mabona (born 1 November 1966) is a Kenyan politician. She originally trained as a lawyer, and has been a member of parliament since 2008. She was first nominated and later elected as a Member of Suba North Constituency.
Leighton Library
The Leighton Library, or Bibliotheca Leightoniana, in The Cross, Dunblane, is the oldest purpose-built library in Scotland and also has a well-documented history as one of the earliest public-subscription libraries in Scotland. Its collection of around 4,000 volumes and 78 manuscripts from the 16th to 19th century is founded on the personal collection of Robert Leighton (1611–1684), Minister at Newbattle, Principal of Edinburgh University, Bishop of Dunblane and Archbishop of Glasgow. Robert Leighton's personal collection consisted of 1,400 books and the Leighton Library was built to host the books which had been left to Dunblane Cathedral.

Robert Leighton (bishop)
Robert Leighton (1611 – 25 June 1684) was a Scottish prelate and scholar, best known as a church minister, Bishop of Dunblane, Archbishop of Glasgow, and Principal of the University of Edinburgh from 1653 to 1662.  He was "noted for his Christian piety, his humility and gentleness, and his devotion to his calling".
James L. Flanagan
James Loton Flanagan (August 26, 1925 – August 25, 2015) was an American electrical engineer. He was Rutgers University's vice president for research until 2004. He was also director of Rutgers' Center for Advanced Information Processing and the Board of Governors Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He is known for co-developing adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) with P. Cummiskey and Nikil Jayant at Bell Labs.

Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (ADPCM) is a variant of differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) that varies the size of the quantization step, to allow further reduction of the required data bandwidth for a given signal-to-noise ratio.

Typically, the adaptation to signal statistics in ADPCM consists simply of an adaptive scale factor before quantizing the difference in the DPCM encoder.

ADPCM was developed for speech coding by P. Cummiskey, Nikil S. Jayant and James L. Flanagan at Bell Labs in 1973.