hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange
Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange (TSCII) is a coding scheme for representing the Tamil script.  The lower 128 codepoints are plain ASCII, and the upper 128 codepoints are TSCII-specific. After long years of being used on the Internet by private agreement only, it was successfully registered with the IANA in 2007.

TSCII encodes the characters in visual (written) order, paralleling the use of the Tamil Typewriter. Unicode, instead, uses the logical order encoding strategy for Tamil, following ISCII, in contrast to the case of Thai, where the visual order encoding grandfathered by TIS-620 was adopted.

The government of Tamil Nadu endorses its own TAB/TAM standards for 8-bit encoding and other, older encoding schemes can still be found on the web.

Tamil script
The Tamil script (தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி Tamiḻ ariccuvaṭi [tamiɻ ˈaɾitːɕuʋaɽi]) is an abugida script that is used by Tamils and Tamil speakers in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere to write the Tamil language. It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic. Certain minority languages such as Saurashtra, Badaga, Irula and Paniya are also written in the Tamil script.
Via Claudia Nova
The Via Claudia Nova was an ancient Roman road, built in 47 AD by the Roman emperor Claudius to connect the Via Caecilia with the Via Valeria in central Italy.

There is no precise information about the road's route: according to some sources, it started from Amiternum, while for others it began at Civitatomassa, currently a frazione of Scoppito. It joined the Via Claudia Valeria near Popoli, at the confluence of the Tirino and Aterno rivers. It passed, among the others, through the ancient cities of Peltuinum, and Ocriticum, where a temple dedicated to Jupiter existed.

Amiternum
Amiternum was an ancient Sabine city, then Roman city and later bishopric and Latin Catholic titular see in the central Abruzzo region of modern Italy, located 9 km (5.6 mi) from L'Aquila. Amiternum was the birthplace of the historian Sallust (86 BC).
Pļaviņas
Pļaviņas (pronunciationⓘ; German: Stockmannshof) is a town in Aizkraukle Municipality in Latvia. The town is located on the Daugava river. The population in 2020 was 2,974. Latvian law defines the town of Pļaviņas as belonging partly to the Vidzeme region and partly to Latgale.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.
Miroslav Ilić
Miroslav Ilić (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Мирослав Илић; born 10 December 1950) is a Serbian singer. Born in the village of Mrčajevci near Čačak, he made his recording debut whilst still in elementary school. Ilić came to prominence upon the release of his 1972 single "Voleo Sam Devojku Iz Grada".

Referred to as the "Nightingale from Mrčajevci" (Slavuj iz Mrčajevaca), Ilić is known for referencing the ethos of his native region, Šumadija, in his songs. With sales of over eight million records in the former Yugoslavia, he is one of the most commercially successful Serbian folk singers of all time. Moreover, his 1982 album was sold in 900,000 copies, becoming the third best-selling studio album from the SFR Yugoslavia.

In December 2022, Ilić celebrated fifty years of his career in music by performing two consecutive concerts in the Belgrade Arena.

In addition to music, he starred in the 1981 film Sok od šljiva and served as a judge on the singing competition Pinkove Zvezde (2014-2016)

Šumadija
Šumadija (Serbian Cyrillic: Шумадија, pronounced [ʃumǎdija]) is a geographical region in the central part of Serbia. The area used to be heavily covered with forests, hence the name (from šuma 'forest'). The city of Kragujevac is the administrative center of the Šumadija District in the Šumadija and Western Serbia statistical region.

This very fertile region is known for its extensive fruit production (apples, grapes, plums, etc.).
Seinenza Theater Company
The Seinenza Theater Company (劇団青年座, Gekidan Seinenza) is a Japanese theatre company located in Shibuya, Tokyo. It was founded on December 17, 1954 and stages Shingeki plays. Many of its actors have gone on to become voice actors for anime productions.

Shingeki
Shingeki (新劇; literally "new drama") was a leading form of theatre in Japan that was based on modern realism. Born in the early years of the 20th century, it sought to be similar to modern Western theatre, putting on the works of the ancient Greek classics, William Shakespeare, Molière, Henrik Ibsen, Anton Chekov, Tennessee Williams, and so forth. As it appropriated Western realism, it also introduced women back onto the Japanese stage.
George Hooper (artist)
George Hooper was a British artist who worked in a unique style informed by Fauvism and the Bloomsbury Group although his style varied greatly throughout his long career. Hooper was born on 10 September 1910 in Gorakphur, India and died on 18 July 1994 in Surrey, England. During World War II He was invited to join Kenneth Clark’s Recording Britain scheme as one of a small group of artists commissioned to create works that would, “...boost morale by celebrating the country’s natural beauty and architectural heritage”. He won the Rome Prize and travelled to The British School at Rome in 1935. He taught at Brighton College of Art and works of his are in the Victoria and Albert Museum, The British Museum and a number of smaller galleries in Sussex. He spent most of his later life in Redhill in Surrey painting largely independently of any school or group of artists. He married Joyce Katherine Hooper MBE (who later founded Surrey Opera) in 1941.

Pilgrim Trust
The Pilgrim Trust is an independent charitable grant-making trust in the United Kingdom. The Trust's aims are to improve the life chances of the most vulnerable and preserve the best of the past for the public to enjoy. The Trust awards approximately £3 million worth of grants each year to charities which are working to preserve the UK’s heritage and social change. It is based in London and is a registered charity (no. 206603) under English law.

It was founded in 1930 with a two million pound endowment by Edward Harkness, an American philanthropist. The trust's inaugural board were Stanley Baldwin, Sir James Irvine, Sir Josiah Stamp, John Buchan and Hugh Macmillan; its first secretary was former civil servant, Thomas Jones.
Ernest Laurent
Ernest Joseph Laurent (June 8, 1859 –  June 25, 1929) was a French painter and printmaker. He was born in Gentilly and died in Bièvres, Essonne.

Laurent was a neo-impressionist artist whose main influences were his instructor Ernest Hébert and his friend Georges Seurat. Laurent took second prize in the Prix de Rome in 1889 and in 1890, Laurent arrived in Rome, where Hébert remained Director of the Académie de France. From Rome, he went to Assisi where he underwent a mystical experience. It would profoundly influence his art. The work he returned to Paris from Assisi was noted for its religious themes.

Over time, profound religious devotion influenced his artistic motif and religious symbolism and scenery crept into his work. This aspect of his life ran counter to Seurat's materialism and the two parted ways.

Laurent is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome (pronounced [pʁi də ʁɔm]) or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
Cambridge University Lightweight Rowing Club
Cambridge University Lightweight Rowing Club (CULRC) was the University rowing club for lightweight male oarsmen at the University of Cambridge, principally to race against Oxford University Lightweight Rowing Club (OULRC) annually in the Lightweight Men's Boat Race.

In April 2020 it was agreed that CULRC would combine with the openweight men's club CUBC and the women's club CUWBC into one club.  The merger took place on 1 August 2020. CUBC now selects a lightweight men's Blue Boat from the men's squad to represent Cambridge at the Lightweight Boat Races.

Roderick Chisholm (rower)
Roderick Chisholm (born 19 June 1974) is a British lightweight class former rower who represented both Great Britain and Australia at world championships. He is an Australian national champion, a World Champion and a dual Olympian who competed at the world class level in both sculls and in sweep-oared boats.
2021 Ohio's 11th congressional district special election
On March 10, 2021, Marcia Fudge resigned her seat in the United States House of Representatives, after being confirmed by the United States Senate to serve as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the Biden administration. Governor Mike DeWine set the primary date for August 3, concurrent with the special election in Ohio's 15th congressional district. The general election was on November 2. Shontel Brown won both the competitive Democratic primary and the general election, and was sworn in on November 4.

John E. Barnes Jr.
John E. Barnes Jr. (born June 12, 1958) is an American politician who served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing the 12th district from 2011 to 2018. He formerly served in the same seat from January 1999 to February 2002.
Omry Ronen
Omry Ronen (born Imre Szörényi) (July 12, 1937 in Odessa – November 1, 2012 in Ann Arbor) was an American Slavist, known for his works on the Silver Age of Russian Poetry and especially on the poetry of Osip Mandelstam.

Osip Mandelstam
Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (Russian: Осип Эмильевич Мандельштам, IPA: [ˈosʲɪp ɨˈmʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ mənʲdʲɪlʲˈʂtam]; 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1891 – 27 December 1938) was a Russian and Soviet poet. He was one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school.

Osip Mandelstam was arrested during the repressions of the 1930s and sent into internal exile with his wife, Nadezhda Mandelstam. Given a reprieve of sorts, they moved to Voronezh in southwestern Russia. In 1938, Mandelstam was arrested again and sentenced to five years in a corrective-labour camp in the Soviet Far East. He died that year at a transit camp near Vladivostok.
Niedźwiedzi Róg
Niedźwiedzi Róg [ɲɛd͡ʑˈvjɛd͡ʑi ˈruk] (literally "Bear's Corner") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Gmina Ruciane-Nida
Gmina Ruciane-Nida is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ruciane-Nida, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) west of Pisz and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 357.74 square kilometres (138.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,627 (out of which the population of Ruciane-Nida amounts to 4,894, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,733).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Masurian Landscape Park.
Oxalic acid
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and chemical formula HO−C(=O)−C(=O)−OH, also written as (COOH)2 or (CO2H)2 or H2C2O4. It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name is derived from early investigators who isolated oxalic acid from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels. It occurs naturally in many foods.  It can be toxic when eaten in significant quantities, and contact with concentrated forms can cause chemical burns.

Oxalic acid is a much stronger acid than acetic acid. It is a reducing agent and its conjugate bases hydrogenoxalate (HC2O−4) and oxalate (C2O2−4) are chelating agents for metal cations. It is used as a cleaning agent, especially for the removal of rust, because it forms a water-soluble ferric iron complex, the ferrioxalate ion. Oxalic acid typically occurs as the dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4·2H2O.

Vanadium(V) oxide
Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) is the inorganic compound with the formula V2O5.  Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a dark yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange.  Because of its high oxidation state, it is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent. From the industrial perspective, it is the most important compound of vanadium, being the principal precursor to alloys of vanadium and is a widely used industrial catalyst.

The mineral form of this compound, shcherbinaite, is extremely rare, almost always found among fumaroles. A mineral trihydrate, V2O5·3H2O, is also known under the name of navajoite.
Red Sun Rising
Red Sun Rising was an American rock band from Akron, Ohio that is currently on hiatus. The band has released two studio albums through the Razor & Tie record label; their first, Polyester Zeal, in 2015, and their second, Thread, on March 30, 2018. The band also released an EP titled Peel on March 22, 2019.

Thread (album)
Thread is the second studio album by American rock band Red Sun Rising. It was released on March 30, 2018 by Razor & Tie. The album garnered positive reviews from critics. Thread reached number 21 on the US Billboard Top Hard Rock Albums chart and spawned six singles (four official and two promotional): "Deathwish", "Veins", "Lonely Girl", "Stealing Life", "Fascination" and "Left for Dead".
1998 Champion Hurdle
The 1998 Champion Hurdle was a horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on Tuesday 17 March 1998. It was the 69th running of the Champion Hurdle.

The winner was J. P. McManus's Istabraq, a six-year-old gelding trained in Ireland by Aidan O'Brien and ridden by Charlie Swan.

Istabraq started the 3/1 favourite and won by twelve lengths from his stable companion Theatreworld, who had finished second to Make A Stand in the previous year, with I'm Supposin in third place. There were no previous Champion Hurdlers in the field but the other runners included Pridwell, Relkeel and Dato Star. The strongly-fancied Shadow Leader was fatally injured in a fall at the final hurdle. Fifteen of the eighteen runners completed the course.

Istabraq
Istabraq (23 May 1992 – 25 July 2024) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse who was most famous for his hurdling. He won the Champion Hurdle on three consecutive occasions. He was trained by Aidan O'Brien and owned by John Patrick McManus. Jockey Charlie Swan rode him in all of his 29 races over jumps. Istabraq is regarded as one of the greatest ever over hurdles.
Wardzyn
Wardzyn [ˈvard͡zɨn] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brójce, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) south of Brójce and 19 km (12 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Brójce
Gmina Brójce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Brójce, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 69.55 square kilometres (26.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,399.
Ramism
Ramism was a collection of theories on rhetoric, logic, and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus, a French academic, philosopher, and Huguenot convert, who was murdered during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August 1572.

According to British historian Jonathan Israel:

"[Ramism], despite its crudity, enjoyed vast popularity in late sixteenth-century Europe, and at the outset of the seventeenth, providing as it did a method of systematizing all branches of knowledge, emphasizing the relevance of theory to practical applications [...]"

Johannes Althusius
Johannes Althusius (1563 – August 12, 1638) was a German–Dutch jurist and Calvinist political philosopher.

He is best known for his 1603 work Politica Methodice Digesta, Atque Exemplis Sacris et Profanis Illustrata which revised editions were published in 1610 and 1614.  The ideas expressed therein relate to the early development of federalism in the 16th and 17th centuries and the construction of subsidiarity.
2017 Greenlandic Football Championship
The 2017 Coca-Cola GM was the 47th edition of the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship. The final round was held in Qeqertarsuaq from 5 to 12 August. It was won by Inuit Timersoqatigiiffiat-79 for the first time.

Inuit Timersoqatigiiffiat-79
Inuit Timersoqatigiiffiat-79  is a football club based in Nuuk, Greenland. They play in the Greenlandic Football Championship.
They won the 2016 Coca Cola GM league and made history in hometown Nuuk in a controversial final on 8 May, beating Nagdlunguak-48 5-1
Nils Strandell
Nils Strandell (20 May 1876 – 20 or 28 July 1963) was a Swedish philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1922. He was President of Honour at the STOCKHOLMIA 55 stamp exhibition.

Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
The Roll of Distinguished Philatelists (RDP) is a philatelic award of international scale, created by the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain in 1921 to honour those who have advanced philately through research, expertise, or service. The Roll consists of five pieces of parchment to which the signatories add their names. New honorees continue to be added annually.
Bayda (land)
Bayda (Arabic: بيداء) is a desert between Mecca and Medina in the Hejaz region. The desert is without water/grass and its distance to Masjid-u-Shajarah is two kilometers towards to the city of Mecca.

According to Islamic narration(s), Khasf al Bayda or swallowing (of the army of Sufyani) in the land of Bayda is among the signs of the appearance of Mahdi.

Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah
The Mīqāt Dhu al-Ḥulayfah (Arabic: مِيْقَات ذُو ٱلْحُلَيْفَة, romanized: Masjid ash-Shajarah, lit. 'Mosque of the Tree'), also known as Masjid Dhu al-Hulayfah (Arabic: مَسْجِد ذُو ٱلْحُلَيْفَة), is a miqat and mosque in Abyār ʿAlī, Medina, Saudi Arabia. The miqat mosque is located west of Wadi al-'Aqiq, where the final Islamic prophet, Muhammad, entered the state of ihram before performing 'Umrah, after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. The mosque is located 7 km (4.3 miles) SW of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi and was defined by Muhammad as the miqat for those willing to perform the Hajj or Umrah pilgrimages from Medina. It is the second-largest miqat mosque after the Miqat Qarn al-Manazil in As-Sayl al-Kabir.
Methyl orange
Methyl orange is a pH indicator frequently used in titration because of its clear and distinct color variance at different pH values. Methyl orange shows red color in acidic medium and yellow color in basic medium. Because it changes color at the pKa of a mid strength acid, it is usually used in titration of strong acids in weak bases that reach the equivalence point at a pH of 3.1-4.4. Unlike a universal indicator, methyl orange does not have a full spectrum of color change, but it has a sharp end point. In a solution becoming less acidic, methyl orange changes from red to orange and, finally, to yellow—with the reverse process occurring in a solution of increasing acidity.

Titration
Titration (also known as titrimetry and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed). A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. The titrant reacts with a solution of analyte (which may also be termed the titrand) to determine the analyte's concentration. The volume of titrant that reacted with the analyte is termed the titration volume.
Quarto (software)
Quarto is a free and open-source scientific and technical publishing system developed by Posit PBC (formerly RStudio). It is a command-line tool built on Pandoc that converts plain text documents mixed with executable code including Python, R, Julia, and Observable JavaScript into static formats including PDF, HTML, MS Word, PowerPoint, ePub, RevealJS, and MediaWiki.

Quarto is considered the successor to R Markdown, extending support beyond the R ecosystem to support a broader range of data science languages and environments.

RStudio
RStudio IDE (or RStudio) is an integrated development environment for R, a programming language for statistical computing and graphics. It's available in two formats: RStudio Desktop is a regular desktop application while RStudio Server runs on a remote server and allows accessing RStudio using a web browser. The RStudio IDE is a product of Posit PBC (formerly RStudio PBC, formerly RStudio Inc.).
Two Angels and a Sinner
Two Angels and a Sinner (Spanish: Dos ángeles y un pecador) is a 1945 Argentine fantasy comedy drama film of the classical era of Argentine cinema, directed by Luis César Amadori and starring Zully Moreno, Pedro López Lagar and Fanny Navarro. The film's sets were designed by art director Mario Vanarelli.

Luis César Amadori
Luis César Amadori (28 May 1902 – 5 June 1977) was an Italian-Argentine film director and screenwriter and director in the cinema of Argentina  during the classic era. He directed over 60 films between 1936 and 1967, writing the scripts to over 50 pictures.

Amadori directed films such as Apasionadamente (1944), the critically acclaimed  Albéniz (1947) and Alma fuerte (1949).
Grand Combin
The Grand Combin is a mountain massif in the western Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. At a height of 4,309 metres (14,137 ft) the summit of Combin de Grafeneire is one of the highest peaks in the Alps and the second most prominent of the Pennine Alps. The Grand Combin is also a large glaciated massif consisting of several summits, among which three are above 4000 metres (Combin de Grafeneire 4,309 m (14,137 ft), Combin de Valsorey 4,184 m (13,727 ft), Combin de la Tsessette 4,132 m (13,556 ft)). The highest part of the massif is wholly in Switzerland, although the border with Italy lies a few kilometres south.

The normal route starts from the Panossière Hut, which lies on the north side in the Corbassière valley. Despite the fact that no major difficulties exist, a particularly dangerous passage has to be traversed on the north flank: Le Corridor. It is a couloir dominated by seracs continuously falling on it.

Val de Bagnes
Val de Bagnes (French pronunciation: [val də baɲ]), also called the Vallée de Bagnes (German: Bangital or Baniental) is a valley located in the Entremont District in the Canton of Valais of Switzerland.
Loco (rapper)
Kwon Hyuk-woo (Korean: 권혁우; born December 25, 1989), better known by his stage name Loco (로꼬), is a South Korean rapper signed to hip hop label AOMG. His name "loco" means "crazy" in Spanish. He won the first season of Mnet's rap competition Show Me the Money in 2012.

Show Me the Money (South Korean TV series)
Show Me The Money (SMTM; Korean: 쇼미더머니) is a South Korean rap competition TV show that airs on Mnet. The show has grown in popularity since the first season aired in 2012 to the ongoing twelfth season in 2026, and it is credited for increasing the South Korean public's interest in hip hop.