hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philosophical Studies
Philosophical Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition. The journal is devoted to the publication of papers in exclusively analytic philosophy and welcomes papers applying formal techniques to philosophical problems. It was established in 1950 by Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars. Starting in 1972, publication was assumed by D. Reidel. It is currently published by Springer, a corporate heir of D. Reidel.

Wilfrid Sellars
Wilfrid Stalker Sellars (/ˈsɛlərz/; May 20, 1912 – July 2, 1989) was an American philosopher and prominent developer of critical realism who "revolutionized both the content and the method of philosophy in the United States". His work has had a profound impact in virtually all areas of analytic philosophy beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, including in epistemology, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of perception, and philosophy of science. His most notable contributions include his critique of foundationalist epistemology (the "Myth of the Given"), a synoptic philosophy aiming to unite what he called the manifest and scientific images, and an inferentialist account of meaning.
Lovell Benjamin Badcock
General Sir Lovell Benjamin Badcock Lovell, KCB, KH (born Badcock; 1786 – 11 March 1861) was a lieutenant-general in the British Army. He was a descendant of Sir Salathiel Lovell through the marriage of Lovell's daughter, Jane Lovell, to Richard Badcock, the eldest son of William Badcock, a London goldsmith.

William Badcock (goldsmith)
William Badcock (1622–1698) was a London goldsmith and hilt-maker and also the author of a book on the gold and silver trade.

He was admitted to the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths of London in September 1668, and was also a member of the Longbow String Makers' Company of London.

He was the author of an influential book, "A Touch-stone for Gold and Silver Wares", published in 1677, which was enlarged in 1679 as "A New Touch-stone for Gold and Silver Wares". In the second edition, Badcock drew attention to the many fraudulent practices current in the trade at this period.

An example of his work - a sword with a hilt of cast and engraved silver and an etched blade (hallmark 1676–1677) can be found in Room 54b of the Victoria and Albert Museum.

Badcock's eldest son, Richard Badcock, married Jane, the daughter of Sir Salathiel Lovell and was an ancestor of the general, Lovell Benjamin Badcock and the admiral William Stanhope Badcock.
Judith Bailey (composer)
Judith Margaret Bailey (18 July 1941 – 16 March 2025) was a Cornish clarinettist, composer and conductor.

Bailey was born in Camborne, Cornwall. She studied at the Royal Academy of Music from 1959 to 1963. From 1971 she worked as a composer and conductor. Bailey conducted the Southampton Concert Orchestra and Petersfield Orchestra (where she succeeded Kathleen Merritt in 1972) for almost 30 years before returning to her native Cornwall around 2001 where she conducted the Cornwall Chamber Orchestra and the Penzance Orchestral Society.

In 2001 Bailey was honoured as an Associate of the Royal Academy of Music, for showing distinction amongst her peers and in 2005 as a Bard of the Gorsedh Kernow for her contributions to music in Cornwall. She was a member of the Composers' Guild of Great Britain, the Cornish Music Guild, as well as a Trustee for the Cornwall Music Service Trust.

Bailey died on 16 March 2025 in Cornwall after a short illness.

Camborne
Camborne (Cornish: Kammbronn, meaning "crooked hill") is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 23,831 and the population of the built up area was 20,450. The town lies about 2 miles (3 km) inland, but the northern boundary of the parish is the coast, including Hell's Mouth and Deadman's Cove. The coast is followed by the South West Coast Path. As well as Camborne itself, the parish also includes a number of hamlets.

Camborne was formerly one of the most significant tin mining areas in the world. It is home to the Camborne School of Mines.
Fireman's pole
A fireman's pole (also called a firefighter's pole, sliding pole or a fire pole) is a pole that firefighters slide down to quickly reach the ground floor of a fire station. This allows them to respond to an emergency call faster, as they arrive at the fire engine faster than by using a standard staircase.

In the 1870s, answering an alarm, Chicago fireman George Reid decided to use the long-pole the company employed to lift horse's hay from the upper-loft to slide to the ground floor, arriving well ahead of the rest of the company.  Company Captain David Kenyon of Engine Company 21 then successfully petitioned the department be allowed to install a pole through the floor of the loft sleeping space to create what became the standard set-up.

Fire station
A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, firemen's hall, or engine house) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatuses such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment. Fire stations frequently contain working and living space for the firefighters and support staff.

In large U.S. cities, fire stations are often named for the primary fire companies and apparatus housed there, such as "Ladder 49". Other fire stations are named based on the settlement, neighborhood or street where they are located, or given a number.
Bieniowice
Bieniowice [bjɛɲɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kunice, within Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. According to a census conducted in 2011, the population of the town is 1,186.

Gmina Kunice
Gmina Kunice (German: Kreis Kunitz) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Kunice, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Legnica and 57 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of 92.79 square kilometres (35.8 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 6,960.
Meronia
Meronia is the first album by the Finnish experimental rock band Circle.

Released on CD and LP in 1994 by Bad Vugum, it was re-released by Ektro Records in 2007. The album showed Circle's tight krautrock-influenced sound, notably the motorik rhythm of Neu!.

Of the band members at the time of the recording, only the founding member Jussi Lehtisalo is still in the band, although the current guitarist Janne Westerlund contributes to the sleevenotes, commenting on the intensity of Circle's live performances at the time of the original release.

Some sources claim that the album's lyrics are sung in a made-up language, Meronian. If this is true, it predates Hopelandic, the language invented by Sigur Rós, by several years.

Circle (Finnish band)
Circle is a Finnish experimental rock band formed in Pori in 1991. Their eclectic, ever-changing style has been associated with genres such as krautrock, heavy metal, progressive rock, and ambient. On some albums they have defined themselves as New Wave of Finnish Heavy Metal (NWOFHM).
Piscassic River
The Piscassic River is a 15.3-mile-long (24.6 km) river located in southeastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Lamprey River, part of the Great Bay and Piscataqua River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.

The river rises in the northeast corner of Fremont and flows east across flat, swampy terrain through the town of Epping. Upon reaching the town of Newfields, where it is joined by the Fresh River, the river turns northeast and winds through rolling terrain to Newmarket, where it reaches the Lamprey River. The Fresh River joins the Piscassic just upstream from the Piscassic Ice Pond in a marshy area of beaver ponds.

Newmarket, New Hampshire
Newmarket is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 9,430 at the 2020 census. Some residents are students and employees at the nearby University of New Hampshire in Durham.

The densely settled center of town, where 5,797 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Newmarket census-designated place and is located at the junction of New Hampshire routes 108 and 152, along the Lamprey River.
Electoral district of Welshpool
Welshpool was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1974 to 1989.

The district was based in the south-eastern suburbs of Perth. First contested at the 1974 state election, its first member was Colin Jamieson, hitherto the member for Belmont. Jamieson was leader of the Labor Party from 1976 to 1978 and remained the seat's member until 1986. He was succeeded by another Labor MP in Bill Thomas, who became the member for Cockburn after Welshpool was abolished at the 1989 state election.

Bill Thomas (Australian politician)
William Ian Thomas (born 18 September 1950) is a former Australian politician.

He was born in Perth and was a union official and ministerial officer before entering politics. In 1986 he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Welshpool, moving to Cockburn in 1989. From 1986 to 1989 he was Deputy Government Whip, and from 1989 to 1992 he was Parliamentary Secretary to the Cabinet. Following Labor's defeat in 1993 he was promoted to the front bench as Shadow Minister for Water Resources, Science and Technology and Energy, but he stepped down from the front bench in 1999 and retired from politics in 2001.
Thomas Sim Lee
Thomas Sim Lee (October 29, 1745 – November 9, 1819) was an American planter and politician who served as Maryland Governor for five one-year terms (1779-1783 and 1792-1794), as well as in the Congress of the Confederation (1783–84), Maryland Ratification Convention of 1788 and House of Delegates in 1787. He also held local offices and owned many town lots in Georgetown (which became part of the new federal city, Washington, District of Columbia, and spent his final decades operating "Needwood" plantation in Frederick County, Maryland. In addition to working closely with many of the Founding fathers, he played an important part in the birth of his state and the nation.

Outerbridge Horsey
Outerbridge Horsey III (March 5, 1777 – June 9, 1842) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as the 4th Attorney General of Delaware from 1806 to 1810 and as United States Senator from Delaware from 1810 to 1821.
Dell Curry
Wardell Stephen Curry Sr. (born June 25, 1964) is an American former professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1986 until 2002 and retired as the Charlotte Hornets' all-time leader in points (9,839) and three-point field goals made (929). Curry currently works as a color commentator, alongside Eric Collins, on Charlotte Hornets television broadcasts. He is the father of NBA players Stephen Curry and Seth Curry.

Eric Collins
Eric Collins (born June 16, 1969) is an American play-by-play sports announcer. He is currently the voice of the NBA's Charlotte Hornets on FanDuel Sports Network Southeast and a play-by-play announcer for NBA on Prime on Amazon Prime Video alongside Ian Eagle, Kevin Harlan, and Michael Grady.
Osluševci
Osluševci (pronounced [ɔˈsluːʃɛu̯tsi], German: Osluschofzen) is a settlement in the Municipality of Ormož in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Municipality of Ormož
The Municipality of Ormož (pronounced [ˈoːɾmɔʃ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Ormož) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Ormož. Ormož became a municipality in 1994. It borders Croatia.
Bhaupur, Kanpur
Bhaupur is a town in Kanpur Dehat district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.With World Bank funding development of Bhaupur Industrial Sector UPSIDC Amritsar-Kolkata dedicated freight corridor is being carried out.

It is located in Maitha development block of Akbarpur tehsil.
Nearby villages are Ranjitpur, Bhadhpur, Bhool, Dharmangadpur, Naubasta, Pratappur, 
Raipalpur, Rasatpur, pachehara and Surar

Kanpur Dehat district
Kanpur Dehat district is a district in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The administrative headquarters of the district are at Mati-Akbarpur. This district is part of Kanpur division. Kanpur was formerly spelled Cawnpore.
Sušice
Sušice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsuʃɪtsɛ]; German: Schüttenhofen) is a town in Klatovy District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Klatovy District
Klatovy District (Czech: Okres Klatovy) is a district in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Klatovy. With an area of 1,946 km2 (751 sq mi), it is the largest district in the country.
Rutherglen Bridge
The Rutherglen Bridge or the Shawfield Bridge is a bridge which was built 1893–96, which crosses the River Clyde, in Scotland.

It connects Shawfield, the most northerly district in the town of Rutherglen, and the south-side Glasgow district of Oatlands, with the Glasgow East End districts of Dalmarnock, Glasgow Green and Bridgeton. Bridgeton is in fact named after the first bridge at the site that was constructed in 1776 and designed by James Watt, which stood until 1890.

The road is part of the Glasgow East End Regeneration Route running between the M8 and M74 motorways. The Glasgow side of the bridge is a convenient point for walkers and cyclists to join the Clyde Walkway or National Cycle Route 75 which share a tarmac path along the river at this point.

It should not be confused with the nearby Dalmarnock Bridge which also connects Rutherglen to Dalmarnock, nor with a modern pedestrian 'Smartbridge' between Shawfield and Dalmarnock.

Glasgow Green
Glasgow Green is a park in the east end of Glasgow, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde. Established in the 15th century, it is the oldest park in the city. It connects to the south via the St Andrew's Suspension Bridge.
Gabriela Silang
María Josefa Gabriela Cariño de Silang (Tagalog: [siˈlaŋ]; March 19, 1731 – September 20, 1763) was a Filipino military leader best known for her role as the female leader of the Ilocano independence movement from Spain. She took over from her second husband Diego Silang after his assassination in 1763, leading her people for four months before she was captured and executed by the colonial government of the Captaincy General of the Philippines.

Captaincy General of the Philippines
The Captaincy General of the Philippines was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid.

Also known as the Captaincy General of the Spanish East Indies, which included among others the Philippine Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Caroline Islands. It was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish forts.

For centuries, all the administrative, political and economic aspects of the Captaincy General were administered in Mexico City by the Viceroyalty of New Spain for the Spanish Crown. However, in 1821, following the independence of the Mexican Empire, all control was transferred to Madrid. It was succeeded by the short-lived First Philippine Republic following its independence through the Philippine Revolution.
RISN Operations
RISN Operations Inc., also called Rhode Island Suburban Newspapers, is a privately owned publisher of three daily newspapers and several weekly newspapers in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. The company was founded by Illinois-based newspaper executives in early 2007 to purchase the Rhode Island holdings of Journal Register Company, which it did for $8.3 million.

In 2013, RISN acquired the Yuma Sun and the Porterville Recorder from Freedom Communications.

In 2018, RISN acquired its former competitors South County Newspapers and its publications The Independent and South County Life from GateHouse Media, who had bought the papers from Edward A. Sherman Publishing in 2017.

In 2019, RISN acquired The Westerly Sun and Sun Publishing Company from the Record-Journal Publishing Company of Meriden, Connecticut. Also in 2019, RISN acquired The Union Democrat in California.

In 2022, RISN acquired The Chronicle of Willimantic, Connecticut, from Central Connecticut Communications.

Freedom Communications
Freedom Communications, Inc. was an American media conglomerate that operated newspapers, magazines, television stations and websites across the United States. Raymond C. Hoiles organized the company in 1950 and headquartered it in Santa Ana, California, but later relocated to Irvine. Its flagship title was the Orange County Register. Under Hoiles and his two sons, the company embraced a Libritarian philosophy in its editorial content. Hoiles died in 1970 and the company was then managed by his heirs. The Hoiles family lost control of Freedom Communications after it declared bankruptcy in 2009. Investment firms then sold off most assets, with the name and seven titles purchased by private equity firm 2100 Trust, established by investor Aaron Kushner. The company went bankrupt a second time in late 2015 and its two remaining newspapers were sold at auction in 2016 to Digital First Media.
Grand Rivers, Kentucky
Grand Rivers is a home rule-class city in Livingston County, Kentucky, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Grand Rivers had a population of 345. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is a 652 mi (1,049 km) long river located in the southeastern United States. Flowing through the Tennessee Valley in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, it begins at the confluence of French Broad and Holston rivers at Knoxville, and drains into the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. It is the largest tributary of the Ohio, and drains a basin of 40,876 sq mi (105,870 km2).

Its tributary, the Little Tennessee River, flows into it from Western North Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
Northern Kentucky Nightmare
The Northern Kentucky Nightmare was a professional indoor football team based in Highland Heights, Kentucky and were members of American Indoor Football that began play in the 2016 season. The Nightmare, who were nominally a replacement for the Northern Kentucky River Monsters (a team that had played in various indoor leagues during the early 2010s), played all their games on the road during the 2016 season. Following the 2016 season, the AIF ceased operations, and the Nightmare were left without a league. In September 2016, owner W. Leland Bennett III was listed as the owner of another proposed Northern Kentucky indoor football team in negotiations with joining the new Arena Developmental League, but were later removed from the league in November.

National Arena League
The National Arena League (NAL) is a professional indoor football league that began play in 2017. As of the end of the 2024 season, the league consisted of five teams.

A team's typical budget is $400,000 to $500,000 per season. Players are usually paid $200 per week (before taxes), and veterans can make $225 with the potential raises for loyalty on a year-by-year basis. Additionally, $50 bonus can be given to players on the winning team each week. Some teams also provide housing for their players during the season.

Teams' estimated annual revenue is between $500,000 and $800,000 a year.
Molsheim station
Gare de Molsheim is a French railway station located on the Strasbourg—Saint-Dié and Sélestat–Saverne railways. It is located within the commune of Molsheim, in the Bas-Rhin department, in northeastern France.

It is put in operation by the Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est (Eastern Railways Company). It is a travellers station of the Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF). Belonging to the TER Grand Est network, it is only served by regional express trains.

Molsheim
Molsheim (French pronunciation: [mɔlsɛm]; also [mɔlsajm] ⓘ) is a commune and a subprefecture in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The total population in 2017 was 9,312. Molsheim had been a very fast-growing city between the French censuses of 1968 and 1999, passing from 5,739 to 9,335 inhabitants, but this increase came to a noticeable halt since. The urban unit of Molsheim had 26,925 inhabitants in 2017, from 16,888 in 1968. Molsheim is part of the metropolitan area of Strasbourg.
Genda Lal Dixit
Genda Lal Dixit (30 November 1888 – 21 December 1920) was an Indian revolutionary who worked as a school-teacher at Auraiya in the district of Etawah, United Provinces, British India. He led a group of Indian freedom fighters (revolutionaries), known as the Shivaji Samiti, who engaged in subversive activities against the British Raj. As a consequence of their involvement in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, Dixit was arrested and imprisoned first at Agra fort and later at Mainpuri. He managed to escape from prison with the help of Pandit Dev Narayan Bhartiya and latter died on 21 December 1920 in a government hospital at Delhi.

Dixit was associated with Ram Prasad Bismil.

Ram Prasad Bismil
Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciationⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, participating in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. He composed in Urdu and Hindi under pen names Ram, Agyat अज्ञात (anonymous) and Bismil (wounded), becoming widely known under the latter. "Bismil" was not his real surname; it was his pen name. Pandit was an honorific title conferred to him due to his specialised knowledge on several subjects. He was also a translator.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one of the founding members of the revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Association.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his revolutionary activities.
Płonki
Płonki [ˈpwɔŋki] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kurów, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is located approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Kurów, 17 km (11 mi) east of Puławy, and 30 km (19 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

Gmina Kurów
Gmina Kurów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Kurów, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Puławy and 32 km (20 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 101.3 square kilometres (39.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,892 (7,766 in 2015).
Rafael Rebecchi
Rafael Rebecchi (1844 – 1922) was an Italian architect who established himself in Brazil in 1893. He designed several buildings for the Brazilian National Exposition of 1908 in Rio de Janeiro. He was also involved with a rebuilding project at the Old Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro. He won a facades competition for the design of 119 buildings along a street. Rebecchi was also the architect in charge of renovating the Brazilian National Archives. The renovation was completed in 1906.

Old Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro
The Old Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro dedicated to Our Lady of Mount Carmel (full name in Portuguese: Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Monte do Carmo da antiga Sé, lit. 'Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel of the Ancient See') is an old Carmelite church which served as cathedral (Sé) of Rio de Janeiro from around 1808 until 1976. During the 19th century, it was also used successively as Royal and Imperial Chapel by the Portuguese Royal Family and the Brazilian Imperial Family, respectively. It is located in the Praça XV square, in downtown Rio. It is one of the most important historical buildings in the city.