hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bill Bollinger
Bill Bollinger (July 15, 1939 – May 27, 1988) was an American artist. In the late 1960s, he was one of the foremost sculptors of his time, routinely mentioned in the same breath as the likes of Bruce Nauman, Robert Smithson, Eva Hesse and Richard Serra. His work can be categorized as minimalist or postminimalist art.

Recently, Bollinger's work has received renewed attention, with a retrospective hosted at SculptureCenter in New York in 2012 entitled Bill Bollinger: The Retrospective.

Bollinger is currently represented by Greenspon in New York.

Greenspon Gallery
Greenspon was an art gallery located in the West Village of New York City owned by Amy Greenspon.

Founded on a partnership with art dealer Mitchell Algus, the gallery opened in the Fall of 2010 with an exhibition of paintings by Gene Beery and an inaugural musical performance by Emily Sundblad and Pete Drungle. Greenspon presented emerging and mid-career artists with diverse multidisciplinary practices, as well as museum-quality exhibitions.

Greenspon closed soon after and following the 2018 controversy surrounding the cancellation of an exhibition of work by alleged Neo-Nazi Boyd Rice.
Prelude (EP)
Prelude is the third Korean extended play by South Korean girl group April. Released on January 4, 2017 by DSP Media and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. It marks the group's first comeback as a six member-group with the addition of Chaekyung and Rachel.

April (girl group)
April (Korean: 에이프릴) was a South Korean girl group formed by DSP Media. The group debuted on August 24, 2015, with their EP Dreaming and its title track "Dream Candy". The group's final lineup was composed of six members: Chaekyung, Chaewon, Naeun, Yena, Rachel, and Jinsol. The group officially disbanded on January 28, 2022.
Parliament Act 1782
The Parliament Act 1782 (22 Geo. 3. c. 41), also known as Crewe's Act, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain passed in 1782. The act, which was passed by Rockingham's government at the instance of John Crewe, disqualified all officers of Customs and Excise and the Post Office from voting in parliamentary elections. The purpose of this disfranchisement was to end the abuse by which government patronage was used to bribe the voters in rotten boroughs such as Bossiney and New Romney. It failed in practice, however, since the patronage was quickly diverted from the voters themselves to their relatives.

The whole act was repealed by section 1 of the Revenue Officers' Disabilities Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 73).

Bossiney (UK Parliament constituency)
Bossiney was a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall, one of a number of Cornish rotten boroughs. It returned two members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from 1552 until it was abolished by the Great Reform Act 1832.
0-6-0
0-6-0 is the Whyte notation designation for steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels. Historically, this was the most common wheel arrangement used on both tender and tank locomotives in versions with both inside and outside cylinders.

In the United Kingdom, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod coupled driving wheels. Under the UIC classification, popular in Europe, this wheel arrangement is written as C if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears, or Co if they are independently driven, the latter usually being electric and diesel-electric locomotives.

UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements
The UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements, sometimes known as the German classification or German system, describes the wheel arrangement of locomotives, multiple units and trams. It is used in much of the world, notable exceptions being the United Kingdom and North America.

The classification system is managed by the International Union of Railways (UIC).
Varscona Theatre
The Varscona Theatre is a live performance venue in the Old Strathcona neighborhood of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Since 1994, the Varscona has been operated by a consortium of small theatre companies, including Teatro la Quindicina and Shadow Theatre (collectively known as The Varscona Theatre Alliance). The theatre is also the home of the nationally renowned live improvised soap opera Die-Nasty.  In addition, the Varscona has hosted tapings of The Irrelevant Show, a national sketch comedy program aired on CBC Radio. The Varscona holds over 300 performances and has 30,000 audience members per year. It employs 100 local professional theatre artists.

Teatro La Quindicina
Teatro La Quindicina was founded in 1982 Edmonton, Alberta, by Stewart Lemoine at the inaugural Edmonton International Fringe Festival to create comedies for Edmonton audiences. From its origins in the production of All These Heels, the company has grown over 40 years in Edmonton's theatre scene, producing the comedies of Stewart Lemoine, new plays from the company's ensemble of artists, and vintage comedies from the last mid-century.

Teatro, which takes its name from a brothel, is one of the resident theatre companies of the Varscona Theatre in Edmonton's Old Strathcona district, and was among the original companies that created The Varscona Theatre Alliance, along with Shadow Theatre and Die-Nasty. As of 2022, Lemoine remains the theatre's resident playwright.
Michael Sperberg-McQueen
C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen (May 18, 1954 – August 16, 2024) was an American medieval German philologist and markup language specialist. He was founder and co-chair of Extreme Markup Languages (later known as Balisage: The Markup Conference), founder and principal of Black Mesa Technologies, co-editor of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 spec (1998), and chair of both the W3C XML Coordination Group and the XML Schema Working Group.

Overlapping markup
In markup languages and the digital humanities, overlap occurs when a document has two or more structures that interact in a non-hierarchical manner.
A document with overlapping markup cannot be represented as a tree.
This is also known as concurrent markup.
Overlap happens, for instance, in poetry, where there may be a metrical structure of feet and lines; a linguistic structure of sentences and quotations; and a physical structure of volumes and pages and editorial annotations.
Endoribonuclease
In biochemistry, an endoribonuclease is a class of enzyme which is a type of ribonuclease (an RNA cleaver), itself a type of endonuclease (a nucleotide cleaver). It cleaves either single-stranded or double-stranded RNA, depending on the enzyme. Example includes both single proteins such as RNase III, RNase A, RNase T1, RNase T2 and RNase H and also complexes of proteins with RNA such as RNase P and the RNA-induced silencing complex. Further examples include endoribonuclease XendoU found in frogs (Xenopus).

RNASET2
Ribonuclease T2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASET2 gene. It is a type of endoribonuclease.

This ribonuclease gene is a novel member of the Rh/T2/S-glycoprotein class of extracellular ribonucleases. It is a single copy gene that maps to 6q27, a region associated with human malignancies and chromosomal rearrangement.
RNASET2 has been reported as a tumour associated antigen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other lymphomas.
Viktoria Rebensburg
Viktoria Rebensburg (born 4 October 1989) is a German retired World Cup alpine ski racer and the 2010 Olympic gold medalist in the giant slalom. Born in Tegernsee, Bavaria, she has three World Cup season titles, all in giant slalom.

Tegernsee
Tegernsee (German pronunciation: [ˈteːɡɐnˌzeː] ⓘ) is a town in the Miesbach district of Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the banks of Lake Tegernsee, which is 747 m (2,451 ft) above sea level. A spa town, it is surrounded by an alpine landscape of Upper Bavaria, and has an economy mainly based on tourism.

The town is home to a former Benedictine monastery, the Tegernsee Abbey. Today the building is a Schloss. The northern wing of the abbey contains a brewery that produces the famous Tegernsee Lager Beer.
Denzil Williams
Denzil Williams (born 17 October 1938) is a former Wales international rugby union player. He was capped 36 times for Wales between 1963 and 1971, including Wales' first overseas tour in 1964. He played in the Welsh rugby team's first match outside Europe and its first in the Southern Hemisphere; played against East Africa in Nairobi on 12 May 1964, Wales winning 8-26.  He was also selected fives times for the British & Irish Lions in 1966. His first international match was in the Five Nations tournament on 19 January 1963.  Williams also played club rugby for Ebbw Vale.

1964 Wales rugby union tour of Africa
The 1964 Wales rugby union tour of Africa was a collection of friendly rugby union games undertaken by the Wales national rugby union team to Africa. The tour took in five matches against African regional and invitational teams with one test against South Africa. This was the first official Wales tour to the southern hemisphere; Wales' first match outside Europe (and thus their first match in the Southern Hemisphere) was played against East Africa on Tuesday May 12, 1964.

The tour was not a success for Wales. Under the leadership of Clive Rowlands, Wales won the opening two games, but were unconvincing in the second match against Boland. The South African test at Durban saw Wales lose by the largest margin in forty years.
Joplin, West Virginia
Joplin is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. It is likely named after an early white settler in Kanawha County, James Jopling. In the early 19th century, Jopling purchased land alongside the creek later called Joplin Branch, a tributary of the Kanawha River. Many of Jopling's children and grandchildren lived along the creek near the family patriarch, and gave the community its name. James Jopling was described as "a man of powerful frame, and loved adventure. He was a noted trapper, hunter, and Indian fighter, and delighted in relating his narrow escapes and wonderful feats in woods life." Jopling also reportedly killed the last elk in the region, nearby on the Elk River.

Kanawha County, West Virginia
Kanawha County (/kəˈnɔːə/ kə-NAW-ə) is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 180,745, making it West Virginia's most populous county. The county seat is Charleston, which is also the state capital and most populous city.
Kanawha County is part of the Charleston, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
LNER Class V4
The London and North Eastern Railway Class V4 was a class of 2-6-2 steam locomotive designed by
Sir Nigel Gresley for mixed-traffic use. It was Gresley's last design for the LNER before he died in 1941. The V4s had similarities in their appearance and mechanical layout to the V2 "Green Arrow" class. The V2s, introduced some years before, were large and heavy locomotives, with very limited route availability. The V4 was a lightweight alternative, suitable for use over the whole of the LNER network.

Nigel Gresley
Sir Herbert Nigel Gresley CBE (19 June 1876 – 5 April 1941) was a British railway engineer. He was one of Britain's most famous steam locomotive engineers, who rose to become Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). He was the designer of some of the most famous steam locomotives in Britain, including the LNER Class A1 and LNER Class A4 4-6-2 Pacific engines. An A1 Pacific, Flying Scotsman, was the first steam locomotive officially recorded over 100 mph in passenger service, and an A4, No. 4468 Mallard, still holds the record for being the fastest steam locomotive in the world (126 mph).

Gresley's engines were considered elegant, both aesthetically and mechanically. His invention of a three-cylinder design with only two sets of Walschaerts valve gear, the Gresley conjugated valve gear, produced smooth running and power at lower cost than would have been achieved with a more conventional three sets of Walschaerts gear.
Novelty item
A novelty item is an object which is specifically designed to serve no practical purpose, and is sold for its uniqueness, humor, or simply as something new (hence "novelty", or newness). The term also applies to practical items with fanciful or nonfunctional additions, such as novelty aprons, slippers, or toilet paper. The term is normally applied to small objects, and is generally not used to describe larger items such as roadside attractions. Items may have an advertising or promotional purpose, or be a souvenir.

Slipper
Slippers are a type of shoes falling under the broader category of light footwear, that are easy to put on and off and are intended to be worn indoors, particularly at home. They provide comfort and protection for the feet when walking indoors.
Leksand Municipality
Leksand Municipality (Swedish: Leksands kommun) is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Leksand.

In 1974 "old"  Leksand was amalgamated with Ål and reunited with Siljansnäs (which had been separated from it in 1875).

Dalarna County
Dalarna County (Swedish: Dalarnas län) is a county or län in central Sweden (Svealand). It borders on the counties of Uppsala, Jämtland, Gävleborg, Västmanland, Örebro and Värmland. It also borders on the Norwegian counties of Hedmark and Trøndelag to the west. It was formerly known as Kopparberg County (Swedish: Kopparbergs län) until the name was changed to that of the provincial region on 1 January 1997. The province of Dalarna is slightly larger than the county, as the westernmost part of Ljusdal Municipality belongs to it. Prince Gabriel, the son of Prince Carl Philip, is Duke of Dalarna.

The term Dalarna County is mainly used for administrative purposes; it is further divided into municipalities (kommuner). Dalarna County encompasses nearly all of the cultural and historical province of Dalarna (literally, "the valleys"). For the most part sparsely populated and with extensive tracts of wilderness, Dalarna County is almost as large as Belgium in terms of land area.
Markus Janka
Markus Janka (born 21 March 1980 in Wolfratshausen) is a German professional ice hockey player who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for Schwenninger Wild Wings in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (German Ice Hockey League). Previously he has also played for the Kassel Huskies, Krefeld Pinguine, Straubing Tigers and ERC Ingolstadt.

Wolfratshausen
Wolfratshausen (German pronunciation: [vɔlfʁaːtsˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a town of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, located in Bavaria, Germany. The town had a population of 19,033 as of 31 December 2019.
Rob Barrett
Robert Joseph Barrett III (born January 29, 1970) is an American death metal musician, best known as the current guitarist for Cannibal Corpse. He played with the band from 1993 to 1997 and rejoined in 2005.  He has cited Gary Moore, Malcolm Young, Randy Rhoads, Eddie Van Halen, Tony Iommi and Steve Vai, among others, as his influences. He currently resides in Nashville, Tennessee.

Red Before Black
Red Before Black is the fourteenth studio album by American death metal band Cannibal Corpse, released on November 3, 2017. This is the band's final album to feature guitarist Pat O'Brien before producer Erik Rutan officially replaced him in 2021.
Isaac Van Arsdale Brown
Isaac Van Arsdale Brown (November 4, 1784 – April 19, 1861) was an American educator and Presbyterian clergyman who founded, in 1810, Maidenhead Academy in Maidenhead, New Jersey........about 5 miles south of Princeton, New Jersey......opening with nine (9) male students.  Eventually, with funding by one of those first-year students.......John Cleve Green........Lawrenceville School was formed in 1883 after Green Foundation purchased school in 1879 and embarked on major building program.........greatly expanding all-male boarding school.

Lawrenceville School
The Lawrenceville School is a private, coeducational preparatory school for boarding and day students located in the unincorporated community of Lawrenceville within Lawrence Township in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Lawrenceville is a member of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admission Organization.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 802 students and 107.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.4:1..
Calamandrana
Calamandrana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Asti.

Calamandrana borders the following municipalities: Canelli, Cassinasco, Castel Boglione, Nizza Monferrato, Rocchetta Palafea, and San Marzano Oliveto.

Province of Asti
The province of Asti (Italian: provincia di Asti; Piedmontese: provincia d'Ast) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Asti. To the northwest it borders on the Metropolitan City of Turin; to the southwest it borders on the province of Cuneo. To the east it borders on the province of Alessandria, while in the south it shares a very short border with the Ligurian province of Savona. It has an area of 1,504.5 square kilometres (580.9 sq mi), and, As of 2017, a total population of 215,871.
Rhinitis medicamentosa
Rhinitis medicamentosa (or RM, also known as rebound congestion) is a condition of rebound nasal congestion suspected to be brought on by extended use of topical decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and naphazoline nasal sprays) and certain oral medications (e.g., sympathomimetic amines and various 2-imidazolines) that constrict blood vessels in the lining of the nose, although evidence has been contradictory.

Nasal spray
Nasal sprays are used to deliver medications locally in the nasal cavities or systemically. They are used locally for conditions such as nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis. In some situations, the nasal delivery route is preferred for systemic therapy because it provides an agreeable alternative to injection or pills. Substances can be assimilated extremely quickly and directly through the nose. Many pharmaceutical drugs exist as nasal sprays for systemic administration (e.g. sedative-analgesics, treatments for migraine, osteoporosis and nausea). Other applications include hormone replacement therapy, treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Nasal sprays are seen as a more efficient way of transporting drugs with potential use in crossing the blood–brain barrier.
Purley, London
Purley is an area of the London Borough of Croydon in Greater London, England, 11.7 miles (18.8 km) south of Charing Cross, with a history going back at least 800 years. It was originally granted as an estate from holdings at Sanderstead and until as a district of Surrey and then, with neighbouring Coulsdon, as an urban district that became an electoral ward of the London Borough of Croydon, becoming part of the ceremonial county of London, in 1965. In 2018 the Purley ward was divided into two: Purley and Woodcote, and Purley Oaks and Riddlesdown.

Purley is a suburban area of South London, and the quintessential suburban environment has been referenced in fictional and popular culture, most notably as the setting for the long running Terry and June sitcom.

Purley had a population of 15,184 in 2022.

A23 road
The A23 road is a major road in the United Kingdom between London and Brighton, East Sussex, England. It is managed by Transport for London for the section inside the Greater London boundary, Surrey County Council and West Sussex County Council for the section shadowed by the M23 motorway, National Highways (as a trunk road) between the M23 and Patcham, and by Brighton and Hove Council from the A27 road to the centre of Brighton.

The road has been a major route for centuries, seeing numerous upgrades, bypasses and diversions.
2007 FIBA Africa Championship for Women
The 2007 FIBA Africa Championship for Women was the 18th FIBA Africa Championship for Women, played under the rules of FIBA, the world governing body for basketball, and the FIBA Africa thereof. The tournament was hosted by Senegal from September 20 to 30, with the games played at the Marius Ndiaye Stadium in Dakar and at the Stade Maniang Soumaré in Thiès.

Mali defeated Senegal 65–58 in the final to win their first title. and securing a spot at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Marius Ndiaye Stadium
Marius Ndiaye stadium (Stade Marius Ndiaye) is an indoor arena in Dakar, Senegal, used primarily for basketball. The arena was home to the FIBA Africa Championship for Women 2007 in September 2007. It was also used to host the 29th FIBA Africa Basketball Championship in 2017.
Stratton (Centreville, Maryland)
Stratton, also known as Hortense Fleckenstein Farm and Solomon Scott Farm, is a historic home located at Centreville, Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States. It is a center-passage plan house, constructed of brick laid in Flemish bond, four bays wide and one room deep, with flush brick chimneys centered on each end of a pitched gable roof. The house was built about 1790.

Stratton was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Centreville, Maryland
Centreville is an incorporated town in Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States on the Delmarva Peninsula. Incorporated in 1794, it is the county seat of Queen Anne's County. As of the 2020 census, Centreville had a population of 4,727. The ZIP code is 21617 and the area codes are 410 and 443. The primary local telephone exchange is 758. It hosts the Queen Anne's County Fair each summer and was home to three franchises during the existence of the Eastern Shore Baseball League—the Colts, Red Sox, and Orioles.
Morse theory
In mathematics, specifically in differential topology, Morse theory enables one to analyze the topology of a manifold by studying differentiable functions on that manifold. According to the basic insights of Marston Morse, a typical differentiable function on a manifold will reflect the topology quite directly. Morse theory allows one to find CW structures and handle decompositions on manifolds and to obtain substantial information about their homology.

Before Morse, Arthur Cayley and James Clerk Maxwell had developed some of the ideas of Morse theory in the context of topography. Morse originally applied his theory to geodesics (critical points of the energy functional on the space of paths). These techniques were used in Raoul Bott's proof of his periodicity theorem.

The analogue of Morse theory for complex manifolds is Picard–Lefschetz theory.

Marston Morse
Harold Calvin Marston Morse (March 24, 1892 – June 22, 1977) was an American mathematician best known for his work on the calculus of variations in the large, a subject where he introduced the technique of differential topology now known as Morse theory. The Morse–Palais lemma, one of the key results in Morse theory, is named after him, as is the Thue–Morse sequence, an infinite binary sequence with many applications.

He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1929, the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1932, and the American Philosophical Society in 1936. In 1933 he was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize for his work in mathematical analysis. J. Robert Oppenheimer described Morse as "almost a statesman of mathematics."