hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ulster Institute for the Deaf
The Ulster Institute for the Deaf (UID) was a Northern Ireland charity based in Belfast to support the Deaf Community in Ulster. In 1991 it merged into the Royal National Institute for the Deaf, now Action on Hearing Loss.

It was originally an educational institution at Fisherwick Place, Belfast, where Francis Maginn (1861 – 1918), one of the founders of the British Deaf Association was its first superintendent.

Francis Maginn
Francis Maginn (1861–1918) was a Church of Ireland missionary who worked to improve living standards for the deaf community by promoting sign language and was one of the co-founders of the British Deaf Association.
Dagen's Grocery
Dagen's Grocery, also or formerly known as Ole B. Johnson and Sons Hotel and Store, in Jud, North Dakota, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  It was built in 1905 and includes Early Commercial architecture.  It has served as a post office, as a department store, and as a hotel.  The listing included two contributing buildings.

Jud, North Dakota
Jud is a rural city in LaMoure County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 65 at the 2020 census. Jud was founded in 1904 and named for county settler Judson LaMoure. It is located along unpaved 61st Street SE, 9 miles (14 km) west of U.S. Route 281 and 25 miles (40 km) south of Interstate 94 in the midst of settled farmland and open plains.
Miranda Oakley
Miranda Oakley (born June 1, 1984) is an American rock climber and the first woman to rope-solo the big-wall climbing route known as The Nose on El Capitan, in a single day. She has also been involved as an activist and is the co-founder of 'Climbers with Palestine'.

The Nose (El Capitan)
The Nose is a big wall climbing route up El Capitan. Once considered impossible to climb, El Capitan is now the standard for big wall climbing. It is recognized in the historic climbing text Fifty Classic Climbs of North America and considered a classic around the world.

El Capitan has two main faces, the Southwest (on the left when looking directly at the wall) and the Southeast. Between the two faces juts a massive prow. While today there are numerous established routes on both faces, the most popular and historically famous route is The Nose, which follows the massive prow.
Jefferson County Airpark
The Jefferson County Airpark (Steubenville, Ohio) (FAA LID: 2G2), also known as Geary A. Bates Airport, is a full-service general aviation public airport near Steubenville, Ohio, U.S., part of the Pittsburgh Combined Statistical Area that serves small and mid-sized private, corporate and commercial traffic.  The airport serves transients traveling to and from Eastern Ohio, the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia, and Western Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh). The airport founded in January 1948 by R. G. and Pauline Pier as Pier Airport.

Greater Pittsburgh
Greater Pittsburgh is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania, United States. The region includes Allegheny County,  Pittsburgh's urban core county and economic hub, and seven adjacent Pennsylvania counties: Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland in Western Pennsylvania, which constitutes the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

As of the 2020 census, the Greater Pittsburgh region had a population of over 2.45 million people. Pittsburgh, the region's core city, has a population of 302,971, the second-largest in the state after Philadelphia. Over half of the region's population resides within Allegheny County, which has a population of 1.24 million and is the state's second-largest county after Philadelphia County.
The Yearling (1946 film)
The Yearling is a 1946 American Family Western film directed by Clarence Brown, produced by Sidney Franklin, and released  by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). The screenplay by Paul Osborn and John Lee Mahin (uncredited) was adapted from Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings's 1938 novel of the same name. The film stars: Gregory Peck, Jane Wyman, Claude Jarman Jr. in his film debut, Chill Wills and Forrest Tucker.

The story follows a boy named Jody, who adopts a trouble-making young deer. The story was later adapted as the 1994 TV film The Yearling starring Peter Strauss and Jean Smart.

The movie becoming the ninth-highest-grossing film of 1946 in United States.

Forrest Tucker
Forrest Meredith Tucker (February 12, 1919 – October 25, 1986) was an American actor in movies and television who appeared in nearly a hundred films. Tucker worked in vaudeville as a straight man at the age of fifteen. While he was on a trip to California, party hostess Cobina Wright persuaded guest Wesley Ruggles to give Tucker a screen test because of Tucker's photogenic good looks, thick wavy hair and height of six feet, five inches.

Tucker was a sight reader who needed only one take. He enlisted in the Army during World War II. After twenty years spent mainly in Westerns and action roles, he returned to his roots, showing versatility as a comedic and stage musical actor. In the television series F Troop, he became identified with the character of Cavalry Sgt. Morgan O'Rourke. Tucker had a drinking problem that began to affect his performances in the later years of his career.
Constellation Prize (song)
"Constellation Prize" is a song by Swedish singer Robin Bengtsson. The song was released in Sweden as a digital download on 28 February 2016, and was written by Bobby Ljunggren, Henrik Wikström, Mark Hole, and Martin Eriksson. It took part in Melodifestivalen 2016, and qualified to the final from the first semi-final. It placed fifth in the final.

Robin Bengtsson
Robin Bengtsson (born 27 April 1990) is a Swedish pop singer who took part in Swedish Idol 2008. He represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kyiv, Ukraine with the song "I Can't Go On" finishing in 5th place.
Chinwe Nwaebili
Chinwe Nwaebili Listenⓘ is the former Speaker of Anambra State House of Assembly, Anambra State, Nigeria. She was addressed as the Rt. Hon. Barr. Princess Chinwe Nwaebili. She was the second female Speaker of the Anambra State House of Assembly. Before becoming the Speaker, Rt. Hon. Chinwe Nwaebili chaired four different committees in the State House of Assembly. She belonged to All Progressive Grand Alliance (APGA) political party but in 2021, she joined the African Action Congress (AAC) political party and contested for Deputy Governor of Anambra State with Dr. Chidozie Nwankwo as the coming Governor. She had formerly announced her intention to run for the Ogbaru Federal Constituency in the 2019 general elections under APGA.

Anambra State House of Assembly
Anambra State House of Assembly is the Legislative Branch of the Anambra State Government created in 1991 when Anambra State was created. It is a unicameral body with 30 elected members who represent 30 constituencies. As of June 2019, Uchenna Okafor is the Speaker of the Anambra State House of Assembly.
Mohawk Racetrack
Mohawk Racetrack (renamed Woodbine Mohawk Park in 2018) is a harness racing track in Campbellville, Ontario. It is owned by Woodbine Entertainment Group (known as Ontario Jockey Club until 2001) and is about 40 km southwest of the company's other racetrack, Woodbine Racetrack for Thoroughbred racing in Toronto, Ontario. Woodbine Mohawk Park also has a large slot machine parlour with over 1,000 slot machines, which is operated by Great Canadian Entertainment; some of the revenue from this operation is used to increase the horseracing purses. Ken Middleton is the longtime track announcer.

Great Canadian Entertainment
Great Canadian Entertainment is a Canadian gaming, entertainment and hospitality company. Prior to its acquisition by Apollo Global Management in September 2021, the company was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and was part of the S&P/TSX Composite Index.
LNER Thompson Class L1
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Thompson Class L1 was a class of 2-6-4T type steam locomotives designed by Edward Thompson.  The prototype no. 9000 was built in 1945, but the remaining 99 were built under British Railways jurisdiction between 1948 and 1950. The prototype was well received, however the production batch were not, and all were withdrawn and scrapped between 1960 and 1962.

Edward Thompson (engineer)
Edward Thompson (25 June 1881 – 15 July 1954) was an English railway engineer, and was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London and North Eastern Railway between 1941 and 1946. Edward Thompson was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire on 25 June 1881. He was the son of Francis Thompson, assistant master at Marlborough College. He was educated at Marlborough before taking the Mechanical Science Tripos at Pembroke College, Cambridge, earning a third class degree. Thompson entered the railway scene after education, contrasting that of his predecessor Nigel Gresley, who had also attended Marlborough after gaining practical experience as a pupil at Horwich Works.
Someone to Remember
Someone to Remember is a 1943 American drama film directed by Robert Siodmak and written by Frances Hyland. The film stars Mabel Paige, Harry Shannon, John Craven, Dorothy Morris, Charles Dingle and David Bacon. The film was released on August 21, 1943, by Republic Pictures.

Robert Siodmak
Robert Siodmak (/siˈɒd.mæk/; 8 August 1900 – 10 March 1973) was a German film director, screenwriter, and producer. His career spanned some 40 years, working extensively in the United States and France, as well as in his native country.

Though he worked in many genres, he was best known as a skilled craftsman of thrillers and film noir, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for The Killers (1946). Later in his career, he won the Golden Bear for Die Ratten (1955) and the German Film Award for Best Director for The Devil Strikes at Night (1957).

His brother was writer and filmmaker Curt Siodmak.
The German Hotel
The German Hotel is a 1790 comedy play by the British writer Thomas Holcroft.

The original Covent Garden cast included John Quick as Count Werling, Joseph George Holman as Dorville, Francis Aickin as Count Kolberg, William Farren as Baron Thorck, Richard Wilson as Rummer, John Bernard as William, Charles Farley as Messenger, Isabella Mattocks as Adelaide and Jane Pope as Mrs Dorville.

George III and Queen Charlotte attended a performance of the play in December 1790 "and seemed highly gratified with the whole performance".

Francis Aickin
Francis Aickin (died 1805),  was an Irish actor, who worked at the Edinburgh Theatre in Scotland, and between 1765 and 1792 in theatres in the West End of London.

Francis Aickin first appeared in London in 1765 as Dick Amlet in John Vanbrugh's The Confederacy at Drury Lane.  He acted there, and at Covent Garden, until 1792.  His repertory consisted of over eighty characters, and among his best parts were the Ghost in Hamlet and Jaques in As You Like It. His success in impassioned declamatory roles obtained for him the nickname of "Tyrant".
Embudo Stream Gauging Station
The Embudo Stream Gauging Station is a stream gauge established in 1888 as the United States Geologic Survey's first training center for hydrographers. The station, near the town of Embudo along the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico, was used to develop tools and techniques for measuring stream flow in the arid, western United States.

Embudo, New Mexico
Embudo (also Embudo Station) is an unincorporated community in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. The community is within the Rio Grande Gorge and runs along both sides of the Rio Grande.near where the Embudo Creek (Rio Embudo) flows into the Rio Grande, encompassing the communities of La Bolsa and Rinconada and ending at the Taos County Line.
Norman Tolman
Norman Herbert Tolman (July 12, 1936 - January 15, 2025) was an American art dealer and art collector, best known for his role in championing contemporary Japanese graphic art.  He was the founder of The Tolman Collection, a leading publisher and exhibitor of contemporary Japanese graphic art. Tolman exhibited and befriended artists like Saitō Kiyoshi, Shinoda Toko and Mori Yoshitoshi.

Reika Iwami
Reika Iwami (岩見 禮花 Iwami Reika; born 1927 - March 18, 2020) was a Sōsaku-hanga woodblock printmaker from Tokyo, Japan who worked primarily with abstract compositions. Iwami was among the first women to become well-known in the printmaker community both in and out of Japan. A member of the Sōsaku-hanga movement, she is considered a pioneer in 20th-century print art. Her works consisted of representations of the natural world using monochromatic or subdued colors, embossing, and metal leaf.
Ferenc Dávid
Ferenc Dávid (also rendered as Francis David or Francis Davidis; born as Franz David Hertel, c. 1520 – 15 November 1579) was a preacher and theologian from Transylvania, the founder of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania, and the leading figure of the Nontrinitarian Christian movements during the Protestant Reformation. He disputed the mainstream Christian doctrine of the Trinity, believing God to be one and indivisible.

Studying Catholic theology in Wittenberg and in Frankfurt an der Oder, he was first ordained as a Roman Catholic priest, later he became a Lutheran minister and then a Calvinist bishop in the Principality of Transylvania. Throughout his career as a Christian theologian and professor, Dávid learnt the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic and Magisterial Protestant churches, but later rejected several of them and came to embrace Unitarianism.

Târgu Mureș
Târgu Mureș (/ˌtɜːrɡuː ˈmʊərɛʃ, ˌtɪər-/, Romanian: [ˈtɨrɡu ˈmureʃ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Marosvásárhely [ˈmɒroʃvaːʃaːrhɛj] ⓘ; German: Neumarkt am Mieresch also known as simply Neumarkt) is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 inhabitants as of the 2021 census. It lies on the Mureș River, the second-longest river in Romania (after the Danube).
Operation Quickstep
Operation Quickstep was the deployment of military resources by the Australian Defence Force during the leadup to the 2006 Fijian coup d'état on 4–5 December 2006, during which the Fijian military took control of the Fijian government which, at the time, was led by Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase. The intention behind deploying the military resources was to provide a platform for the evacuation of Australian citizens and nationals in the event of a violent military takeover of the Pacific nation.

Three ships of the Royal Australian Navy were deployed to the South-west Pacific, taking up station in international waters near Fiji, while several military transport aircraft were kept on standby.

HMAS Newcastle
HMAS Newcastle (FFG 06), named for the city of Newcastle, New South Wales, the largest provincial city in Australia, was an Adelaide-class guided-missile frigate. The last ship of the class to be constructed, Newcastle entered service with the Royal Australian Navy in 1993. During her career, the frigate has operated as part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce, served in the Persian Gulf, and responded to the 2006 Fijian coup d'état. The frigate was decommissioned on 30 June 2019 and transferred to the Chilean Navy on 15 April 2020 and renamed as Capitán Prat (FFG 11).
Edward Feigenbaum
Edward Albert Feigenbaum (born January 20, 1936) is an American computer scientist working in the field of artificial intelligence, and with Raj Reddy he won the 1994 ACM Turing Award. He is often called the "father of expert systems".

Expert system
In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural programming code.  Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software. They were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s, being then widely regarded as the future of AI — before the advent of successful artificial neural networks.
An expert system is divided into two subsystems: 1) a knowledge base, which represents facts and rules; and 2) an inference engine, which applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts, and can include explaining and debugging abilities.
Constructive set theory
Axiomatic constructive set theory is an approach to mathematical constructivism following the program of axiomatic set theory.
The same first-order language with "" and "" of classical set theory is usually used, so this is not to be confused with a constructive types approach.
On the other hand, some constructive theories are indeed motivated by their interpretability in type theories.

In addition to rejecting the principle of excluded middle (), constructive set theories often require some logical quantifiers in their axioms to be set bounded. The latter is motivated by results tied to impredicativity.

Law of excluded middle
In logic, the law of excluded middle or the principle of excluded middle states that for every proposition, either this proposition or its negation is true. Symbolically expressed, the law is (p ∨ ~p).

The law  of the excluded middle is also known as the law/principle of the excluded third, in Latin principium tertii exclusi. Another Latin designation for the law is tertium non datur or "no third [possibility] is given".

In classical logic, the law of the excluded middle is taken as a tautology. Intuitionistic logic, by contrast, does not affirm the law.
Dog Walk, Kentucky
Dog Walk is an unincorporated community located in Lincoln County, Kentucky, United States.

The origin of the community's name is disputed. One local story is that it came from a remark that the local young men "just walked the roads like a pack of dogs". Don Brown, who organized the local Dog Walk Days festival in 1991, speculated that the name had Native American origins.

Lincoln County, Kentucky
Lincoln County is a county located in south-central Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,275. Its county seat is Stanford. Lincoln County is part of the Danville, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Chris Eubank Jr
Christopher Livingstone Eubank Jr (born 18 September 1989) is a British professional boxer. He has held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) middleweight title since 2024. Previously, he held the World Boxing Association (WBA) interim middleweight title twice between 2015 and 2021. He also held the (IBO) super-middleweight title twice between 2017 and 2019. At regional level, he held the British middleweight title in 2016. He is the son of former two-division world champion boxer, Chris Eubank.

Eubank Jr's first meeting against Conor Benn was named Fight of the Year by The Ring magazine, Boxing Writers Association of America, ESPN, BoxingScene, and CBS Sports.

Eddie Hearn
Edward John Hearn (born 8 June 1979) is a British sports promoter and the chairman of Matchroom Sport and the Professional Darts Corporation. Hearn has promoted many boxers through Matchroom, including world champions such as Anthony Joshua, Canelo Álvarez, Gennady Golovkin, Katie Taylor and Vasyl Lomachenko. He is the son of promoter Barry Hearn, the founder of Matchroom Sport.
Bakpia pathok
Bakpia pathok (Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦥꦛꦸꦏ꧀, romanized: bakpia pathuk) is a small, round-shaped Chinese-influenced Indonesian sweet roll (bakpia), usually stuffed with mung beans, but have recently come in other fillings as well, such as chocolate, durian and cheese. This sweet roll is found in Javanese and Chinese Indonesian cuisine. They are one of Yogyakarta's specialties and are named after the Pathok suburb where the pastries originated.

Bakpia pathok is similar to the larger Indonesian pia, with the only difference being the size. They are commercially packaged in small boxes and sold at many food shops in Yogyakarta.

Chinese Indonesian cuisine
Chinese Indonesian cuisine (Indonesian: Masakan Tionghoa-Indonesia, simplified Chinese: 印尼中华料理; traditional Chinese: 印尼中華料理; pinyin: yìnní zhōnghuá liàolǐ or (Ìn-nî) Tn̂g-lâng-chia̍k (印尼唐人食) is characterized by the mixture of Chinese with local Indonesian style. Chinese Indonesians, mostly descendant of Han, Hokkien and Hakka people, brought their legacy of Chinese cuisine, and modified some of the dishes with the addition of Indonesian ingredients, such as kecap manis (sweet soy sauce), palm sugar, peanut sauce, chili, santan (coconut milk) and local spices to form a hybrid Chinese-Indonesian cuisine. Some of the dishes and cakes share the same style as in Malaysia and Singapore, known as Nyonya cuisine by the Peranakan.
Now I Lay Me
"Now I Lay Me" is a short story by American author Ernest Hemingway, the title is taken from the prayer "Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep". It is one of Hemingway's Nick Adams stories and part of Hemingway's collection of short stories titled Men Without Women, which was published in 1927.

Men Without Women (Hemingway)
Men Without Women (1927) is the second collection of short stories written by American author Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961). The volume consists of 14 stories, 10 of which had been previously published in magazines. It was published in October 1927, with a first print-run of approximately 7,600 copies at $2.

The stories in this collection cover a variety of topics, including bullfighting, prizefighting, infidelity, divorce, and death. "The Killers", "Hills Like White Elephants", and "In Another Country" are considered to be among Hemingway's better works.

The book's U.S. copyright expired on January 1, 2023, when all works published in 1927 entered the public domain.
Salzkammergut
47°42′N 13°35′E﻿ / ﻿47.700°N 13.583°E﻿ / 47.700; 13.583

The Salzkammergut (Austrian German: [ˈsaltskamɐɡuːt], Northern German: [ˈzaltskamɐɡuːt] ⓘ; Central Austro-Bavarian: Soizkaumaguad) is a resort area in Austria, stretching from the city of Salzburg eastwards along the Alpine Foreland and the Northern Limestone Alps to the peaks of the Dachstein Mountains. The main river of the region is the Traun, a right tributary of the Danube.

The name Salzkammergut translates to "salt demesne" (or "salt domain"), Kammergut being a German word for territories held by princes of the Holy Roman Empire, in early modern Austria specifically territories of the Habsburg monarchy.  The salt mines of Salzkammergut were administered by the Imperial Salzoberamt in Gmunden from 1745 to 1850.

Parts of the region were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

Salzburg (state)
Salzburg (Austrian German: [ˈsaltsbʊrɡ], Northern German: [ˈzaltsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Bavarian: Soizbuag, also known as Salzburgerland; Italian: Salisburghese) is a state (Land) of Austria bordering Germany and Italy. In German, its official name is Land Salzburg, to distinguish it from its eponymous capital Salzburg.

The state of Salzburg is closely tied to the former Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg, an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed for centuries until its secularization in 1803. After the Napoleonic Wars, the territory changed hands several times, becoming part of Austria, then briefly Bavaria, before being permanently incorporated into the Austrian Empire in 1816. In the 20th century, the region became a federated state of Austria and is today known for its Alpine landscapes, cultural heritage, and the annual Salzburg Festival.