hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Morning
American Morning is an American morning television news program that aired on CNN from September 12, 2001, to December 30, 2011. American Morning debuted with anchors Paula Zahn and Anderson Cooper on the day after the September 11 attacks, five months earlier than planned, replacing CNN Early Edition and CNN Live This Morning.

Cooper was replaced by Bill Hemmer in February 2002. The show's next permanent co-anchors were Soledad O'Brien and Miles O'Brien, who fronted the show from 2003 to 2007. They were replaced by John Roberts and Kiran Chetry due to poor ratings. After Roberts and Chetry left in 2011, the show did not have a permanent anchor team and was shelved by CNN at the end of the year. American Morning was replaced by two new programs, Early Start and Starting Point.

Ali Velshi
Ali Velshi (born October 29, 1968, or 1969) is a Canadian television journalist, a senior economic and business correspondent for NBC News, and an anchor for MS NOW. He is also a substitute anchor for The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell on MS NOW on Friday night. Velshi is based in New York City. Known for his work on CNN, he was CNN's Chief Business Correspondent, anchor of CNN's Your Money and a co-host of CNN International's weekday business show World Business Today. In 2013, he joined Al Jazeera America, a channel that launched in August of that year. He hosted Ali Velshi on Target until Al Jazeera America ceased operations on April 12, 2016. He has worked for MSNBC since October 2016.
Wheatstone bridge
A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. The primary benefit of the circuit is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements (in contrast with something like a simple voltage divider). Its operation is similar to the original potentiometer.

The Wheatstone bridge was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie (sometimes spelled "Christy") in 1833 and improved and popularized by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1843.  One of the Wheatstone bridge's initial uses was for soil analysis and comparison.

Resistance thermometer
Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), are sensors that use the electrical resistance of a substance (such as platinum) to measure temperature. Many RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire wrapped around a heat-resistant ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also used. The RTD wire is typically platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), or copper (Cu). The material has an accurate temperature–resistance relationship which is used to provide an indication of temperature. As RTD elements are fragile, they are often housed in protective probes called thermowells. RTDs have higher accuracy and repeatability than thermocouples, which is why they are slowly replacing them in industrial applications below 600 °C.
Battle of Kettle Creek
The Battle of Kettle Creek was the first major victory for Patriots in the back country of Georgia during the American Revolutionary War that took place on February 14, 1779. It was fought in Wilkes County about eleven miles (18 km) from present-day Washington, Georgia. A militia force of Patriots defeated and scattered a Loyalist militia force that was on its way to British-controlled Augusta. Several Loyalist prisoners were subsequently hanged.

The victory illustrated the difficulty British forces faced in holding the interior of the state, or even protecting sizable numbers of Loyalist recruits outside their immediate area. The British, who had already decided to abandon Augusta, recovered some prestige a few weeks later, surprising a Patriot force in the Battle of Brier Creek. Georgia's back country would not come fully under British control until after the 1780 Siege of Charleston broke Patriot forces in the South.

Washington, Georgia
Washington is the county seat of Wilkes County, Georgia, United States. Under its original name, Heard's Fort, it was for a brief time during the American Revolutionary War the Georgia state capital. It is noteworthy as the place where the Confederacy voted to dissolve itself, effectively ending the American Civil War.

As of the 2020 census, Washington had a population of 3,754.
The city is often referred to as Washington-Wilkes, to distinguish it from other places named Washington.
The Gothenburg, Fallin
The Gothenburg, or simply The Goth, is a community-run pub in the former mining village of Fallin, near Stirling, Scotland.

Founded in 1910, it is one of the few remaining pubs in Scotland still run under the Gothenburg system, with at least 95% of the profits donated to community causes. During miners' strikes, The Goth hosted soup kitchens and supported miners' strike funds. It remains as a marker of the village's mining history.

The Goth has close ties with the neighbouring bowls club.

Fallin, Stirling
Fallin (/fəˈlɪn/) is a former pit village in Central Stirling, in the county of Stirlingshire. It was on the site of the Polmaise Colliery 3&4 (Polmaise Colliery 1&2 were situated in Milhall), and both of the names Polmaise and Fallin were commonly used. Fallin is regarded the last traditional pit village in Scotland. The area lies on the A905 road 3 miles east of Stirling on a bend in the River Forth. The 2001 United Kingdom census recorded the population as 2,710.

Fallin has been the site of several new housing developments and community initiatives.
2013 National Hurling League
The 2013 National Hurling League commenced in February 2013.
34 GAA county hurling teams: 32 from Ireland (including Fingal but not Cavan), London and Warwickshire, contested it.

On the final day of fixtures in division 1A on 31 March, all six teams had a chance of either reaching the league semi-finals, or suffering relegation.

Kilkenny won the NHL, defeating Tipperary in the final by 2–17 to 0–20 in the final on 5 May in Nowlan Park.
Michael Fennelly scored two goals and three points in the first half as Kilkenny led by 2–07 to 0–11. In the second half Lar Corbett and JJ Delaney were sent off in the 46th minute after they wrestled each other on the ground near the Kilkenny goal.

On 13 May Kilkenny's Lester Ryan was named as the GAA-GPA Hurler of the League for 2013.
Ryan scored 1–10 in six games from midfield including 0–3 in the semi-final win over Galway and 0–3 in the final victory against Tipperary.

Fingal county hurling team
The Fingal hurling team (Irish: Foireann Iománaíochta Fhine Ghaill) is an inter-county hurling team representing Fingal in the Kehoe Cup, the National Hurling League and the Nicky Rackard Cup. It is organised by the Dublin GAA and was established in 2008. Fingal are currently managed by Mick Kennedy of the Fingallians club.

The Fingal team is made up of players from Dublin clubs within the Fingal region. While players from Fingal are eligible to play for the Dublin county team, players from outside of Fingal are not eligible to play for the Fingal county team. The Fingal catchment area stretches from Blanchardstown to Balbriggan and contains a total of 16 clubs; these include Castleknock, Erin go Bragh, Fingallians, Naomh Barróg, Naomh Mearnóg, O'Dwyers, Setanta, Skerries Harps, St Brigid's, St Finians (N), St Maurs, St Pats Donabate, St Peregrines, St Sylvester's, Trinity Gaels and Wild Geese.
Siphiwe Tshabalala
Lawrence Siphiwe Tshabalala (/sɪˈpiːweɪ ˌtʃæbəˈlɑːlə/; born 25 September 1984) is a South African former professional soccer player who played as a midfielder.

He is considered to be one of the most well-known and decorated South African soccer players of his generation. He was the first player to make his international debut while still playing in the National First Division. At 90 caps, he is the second most capped player of the South African national team and played at three African Cup of Nations editions and the 2010 FIFA World Cup, at which he scored the opening goal of the tournament on 11 June 2010; the goal was nominated for the FIFA Puskás Award.

Soweto
Soweto (/səˈwɛtoʊ, -ˈweɪt-, -ˈwiːt-/) is a township of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa, bordering the city's mining belt in the south. Its name is an English syllabic abbreviation for South Western Townships. Formerly a separate municipality, it is now incorporated in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality since 2002 and is one of the suburbs of Johannesburg.
State funerals in Canada
State funerals in Canada are public events held to commemorate former governors general, prime ministers, other members of the cabinet who died in office, and, at the cabinet's discretion, other eminent Canadians. With ceremonial, military, and religious elements incorporated, state funerals are offered and executed by the governor general-in-council, who provides a dignified manner for the Canadian people to mourn a national public figure. Provincial and territorial governments may also perform state funerals for citizens in their particular jurisdictions. However, most state funerals are federal affairs.

As Canada shares the person of its monarch with the other Commonwealth realms, funerals for Canada's sovereigns, as well as for their consorts, typically take place in the monarch's oldest and most populous realm, the United Kingdom. In Canada, a commemoration service is conducted by the federal crown-in-council and sometimes by provincial crowns, as well.

State funeral
A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive elements of military tradition. Generally, state funerals are held in order to involve the general public in a national day of mourning after the family of the deceased gives consent. A state funeral will often generate mass publicity from both national and global media outlets.
GsMTx-4
Grammostola mechanotoxin #4 (GsMTx-4, GsMTx4, GsMTx-IV), also known as M-theraphotoxin-Gr1a (M-TRTX-Gr1a), is a neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the spider Chilean rose tarantula Grammostola spatulate (or Grammostola rosea). This amphiphilic peptide, which consists of 35 amino acids, belongs to the inhibitory cysteine knot (ICK) peptide family. It reduces mechanical sensation by inhibiting mechanosensitive channels (MSCs).

GsMTx-4 also serves as a cationic antimicrobial peptide against Gram-positive bacteria.

Chilean rose tarantula
The Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea), also known as the rose hair tarantula, the Chilean fire tarantula, or the Chilean red-haired tarantula (depending on the color morph), is probably the most common species of tarantula available in American and European pet stores today, due to the large number of wild-caught specimens exported cheaply from their native Chile into the pet trade. The species is also known from Bolivia and Argentina.

G. rosea is a common pet of tarantula hobbyists. Females have been known to live as long as 20 years, but due to the limited time they have been available on the market (and hence for extensive study), they may live considerably longer than 20 years. In the past, considerable confusion existed between this species and Grammostola porteri, but in 2022 the World Spider Catalog revised the latter as a junior synonym of Grammostola rosea.
Shah-Ali
Shah-Ali (Volga Türki and  Persian: شاه علی, or Shahghali; Russian: Шах-Али; Tatar: Шаһгали / Şahğali; also known as Shig-Aley; Russian: Шиг-Алей; 1505–1567) was a khan of the Qasim Khanate and the Khanate of Kazan. He ruled the Qasim Khanate for much of his life and three times tried to rule the Khanate of Kazan, which was independent until its conquest by Muscovy in 1552. He also ruled the town of Kasimov as a vassal of the Russians. He was the son of the Qasim Khan Sheikh Auliyar (reigned 1512–16) and grandson of Bakhtiar Sultan, a brother of Ahmed Khan bin Küchük (the Golden Horde ruler who lost control of Russia). One of his wives was the unfortunate Söyembikä of Kazan. He died childless in 1567 and was succeeded by Sain Bulat. He is described as physically repulsive and too fat to be a soldier, but a man of sound judgement. Shah-Ali was a direct descendant of Jochi Khan, the eldest son of Genghis Khan.

Söyembikä of Kazan
Söyembikä (also spelled Söyenbikä, Sujumbike, pronounced [sœˌjœmbiˈkæ]; Cyrillic: Сөембикә) (1516 – after 1553) was a Nogai ruler, xanbikä. She served as regent of Kazan during the minority of her son from 1549 until 1551.
Bobcat Company
Bobcat Company is an American-based manufacturer of farm and construction equipment. Its American headquarters is in West Fargo, North Dakota, formerly in Gwinner, North Dakota. Its European headquarters moved in 2017 from Waterloo, Belgium, to Dobříš, Czech Republic (where Bobcat operates one of its European manufacturing plants). It was a subsidiary of the Ingersoll Rand Company from 1995 until July 2007, when it was sold for US$4.9 billion to South Korean company Doosan Infracore.

The company sells skid steer loaders, compact excavators, side-by-sides, compact tractors, mowers, and other small hydraulic equipment under the Bobcat brand name. It is one of the few major manufacturing companies operating in North Dakota.

Compact excavator
A compact or mini excavator is a tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight from 0.7 to 8.5 tonnes. It generally includes a standard backfill blade and features independent boom swing.

Hydraulic excavators are somewhat different from other construction equipment in that all movement and functions of the machine are accomplished through the transfer of hydraulic fluid. The compact excavator's work group and blade are activated by hydraulic fluid acting upon hydraulic cylinders. The excavator's slew (rotation) and travel functions are also activated by hydraulic fluid powering hydraulic motors.
Windows Movie Maker
Windows Movie Maker (known as Windows Live Movie Maker for the 2009 and 2011 releases) is a discontinued video editing program by Microsoft. It was first included in Windows Me on September 14, 2000, and in Windows XP on October 25, 2001. It later became a part of the Windows Essentials software suite, and offered the ability to create and edit videos as well as to publish them on OneDrive, Facebook, Vimeo, YouTube, Windows Live Groups, and Flickr. It is comparable to Apple's iMovie.

Movie Maker was officially discontinued by Microsoft on January 10, 2017, and it was replaced by Video Editor (formerly Microsoft Story Remix) which was built in with Microsoft Photos on Windows 10, and later Clipchamp on Windows 11, which Microsoft acquired in September 2021.

DVR-MS
DVR-MS (Microsoft Digital Video Recording) is a proprietary video and audio file container format, developed by Microsoft used for storing TV content recorded by Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows Vista and Windows 7.

Multiple data streams (audio and video) are wrapped in an ASF container with the extension DVR-MS. Video is encoded using the MPEG-2 standard and audio using MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or Dolby Digital AC-3 (ATSC A/52). The format extends these standards by including metadata about the content and digital rights management. Files in this format are generated from the Stream Buffer Engine (SBE.dll), a DirectShow component introduced in Windows XP Service Pack 1.
Conant Brook Dam
The Conant Brook Dam is located on Conant Brook in Monson, Massachusetts, about 7.4 miles (11.9 km) upstream from the confluence of Conant Brook and the Quaboag River. It is approximately 15 miles (24 km) east of Springfield, Massachusetts.

Designed and constructed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, this dam substantially reduces flooding along the Quaboag, Chicopee, and Connecticut rivers. Construction of the project began in 1964 with completion in 1966 at a cost of US$2,950,530.

The Conant Brook Dam is located within the Chicopee River watershed and is part of the Connecticut River basin. Access to the site is available from State Route 32 and State Route 19.

Monson, Massachusetts
Monson /ˈmʌnsən/ is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 8,150 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The census-designated place of Monson Center lies at the center of the town.
Oboe Concerto No. 2 (Handel)
The Oboe Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major (HWV 302a) was composed by George Frideric Handel for oboe, orchestra and basso continuo. It was first published in the fourth volume of Select Harmony by Walsh in 1740. Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG xxi, 91; and HHA iv/12,47.

The concerto borrows extensively from the overtures to the Chandos Anthems O come, let us sing unto the Lord (HWV 249b) and I will magnify thee (HWV 250a)—which were combined and transposed for the work. It has been suggested that the work was arranged by Handel for the Dutch oboist Jean Christian Kytch.

A typical performance of the work takes almost nine minutes.

Jean Christian Kytch
Jean Christian Kytch (died 1738) was a Dutch Baroque-era oboist. Based on works he is known to have performed, it is thought that he possessed considerable technical ability on the oboe.

He was known as "Handel's oboist" and Handel's use of a solo oboe in many of his works was almost certainly inspired by the playing of Kytch. It is thought that Handel arranged his Oboe concerto No. 2 for Kytch.
Carlow County Museum
Carlow County Museum (Irish: Músaem Chontae Cheatharlach) is a museum documenting the history of County Carlow. Located on College Street in Carlow town, the building was originally the Presentation Convent; it also houses the County Library and Archives.

Carlow
Carlow (/ˈkɑːrloʊ/ KAR-loh; Irish: Ceatharlach [ˈcahəɾˠl̪ˠəx]) is the county town of County Carlow, in the south-east of Ireland, 84 km (52 mi) from Dublin. At the 2022 census, it had a population of 27,351, the twelfth-largest urban center in Ireland.

The River Barrow flows through the town and forms the historic boundary between counties Laois and Carlow. However, the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 included the town entirely in County Carlow. The settlement of Carlow is thousands of years old and pre-dates written Irish history. The town has played a major role in Irish history, serving as the capital of the country in the 14th century. The town is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
USS Sea Otter II
USS Sea Otter II was a ship of the United States Navy during World War II. Launched on 23 August 1941 by the Levingston Shipbuilding in Orange, Texas., sponsored by Mrs. Eads Johnson, wife of the designer, she was acquired by the US Navy on 26 September 1941 and placed in service on 26 October 1941.

Levingston Shipbuilding Company
Levingston Shipbuilding Company was a shipbuilding company at Orange, Texas on the Sabine River founded by George Levingston. During World War II Levingston Shipbuilding Company built ships for the United States Naval Station Orange also on the Sabine River. George Levingston also purchased major shares of Joseph Weaver and Son Shipyard, also on the Sabine River. The company was started by Samuel H. Levingston in 1859.
Trocadero (Los Angeles)
Cafe Trocadero was an upscale nightclub that opened on the Sunset Strip in 1934 and immediately became the place where Hollywood stars went to be seen. Photographs of the stars out on the town at the "Troc" one night might appear in The Hollywood Reporter the next day, as both Cafe Trocadero and THR were owned by William R. Wilkerson.

A black tie French-inspired supper club, at 8610 Sunset Boulevard in the posh Sunset Plaza section of the Strip, it was one of the most famous nightclubs in the world.

William R. Wilkerson
William Richard "Billy" Wilkerson (September 29, 1890 – September 2, 1962) was an American businessman who founded The Hollywood Reporter. He was real estate developer in Las Vegas and owner of such nightclubs as Ciro's. His series of columns known as "Billy's List" helped to initiate the red scare that led to the Hollywood blacklist. Wilkerson "discovered" Lana Turner.
Daniel I. Bolnick
Daniel I. Bolnick is an American evolutionary biologist. He is a full professor at the University of Connecticut. He is currently the president of The American Society of Naturalists, and was the editor-in-chief of the society's journal The American Naturalist from 2017-2023.

American Society of Naturalists
The American Society of Naturalists (ASN) was founded in 1883 and is one of the oldest professional societies dedicated to the biological sciences in North America. The purpose of the Society is "to advance and diffuse knowledge of organic evolution and other broad biological principles so as to enhance the conceptual unification of the biological sciences."

Founded in Massachusetts with Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. as its first president, it was called the Society of Naturalists of the Eastern United States until 1886.
Saskatchewan Highway 982
Highway 982, also known as Little Swan Road, is a provincial highway in the east central region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 8 to Highway 9 and is about 57 kilometres (35 mi) long.

Highway 982 travels along the western edge of Porcupine Hills, from near Swan Plain to Highway 9 near where Pepaw River and Etomami River meet. Much of the northern route of the highway follows the Pepaw River. The highway gives access to Porcupine Hills Provincial Park and passes by several lakes, including Saginas Lake, Pepaw Lake, Parr Hill Lake, and Kenney Lake. Highway 982 also connects with Highway 983.

Parr Hill Lake
Parr Hill Lake, is a lake in the east-central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan in the boreal forest ecozone of Canada. It is part of the Swan River drainage basin and is situated in the Porcupine Hills and Saskatchewan's Porcupine Provincial Forest. A block of Porcupine Hills Provincial Park is on the north-eastern shore of the lake. The lake and park are accessed from Highway 982, which is also known as Little Swan Road.

Parr Hill Lake sits in a glacier-formed valley in the Porcupine Hills and is fed by several small rivers and the surrounding muskeg. It is connected to Swan River via a short river that flows out of the south end of the lake. To the north of the lake, and in the same valley, is Pepaw Lake. While the lakes are in  different river systems–Pepaw Lake flows north into Pepaw River and Parr Hill Lake flows south into Swan River–only a marshy portage separates the lakes.
Warmoesstraat
52°22′31.732″N 4°53′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.37548111°N 4.89806°E﻿ / 52.37548111; 4.89806

Warmoesstraat ('Chard Street') is one of the oldest streets in Amsterdam, running parallel to Damrak from Nieuwebrugsteeg to Dam Square. Its origins are in the 13th century. In the 16th and 17th century it was the shopping street. During the Dutch Golden Age, the father of legendary poet and playwright Joost van den Vondel ran a business as a silk merchant there.

Today, the busy Warmoesstraat has a variety of shops, bars, restaurants, cheap hotels, coffee shops and sex boutiques. The artist-run W139 art space is also located on this street. It is located adjacent to the red-light district.

The Warmoesstraat-area is also known as the leather area as there are many cruise and fetish bars and bars with darkrooms. On Warmoesstraat street the first leather bar in the country opened around 1955.

Leather subculture
Leather subculture denotes practices and styles of dress organized around sexual activities that involve leather garments, such as leather jackets, vests, boots, chaps, harnesses, or other items. Wearing leather garments is one way that participants in this culture self-consciously distinguish themselves from mainstream sexual cultures. Many participants associate leather culture with BDSM practices and its many subcultures. For some, black leather clothing is an erotic fashion that expresses heightened masculinity or the appropriation of sexual power; love of motorcycles, motorcycle clubs and independence; and/or engagement in sexual kink or leather fetishism.