hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
TopGun (artillery)
TopGun is an add-on guidance kit that converts standard artillery ammunition into a precision guided weapon. It is manufactured by Israel Aerospace Industries.  It uses a GPS receiver to adjust the trajectory of the shell in flight with a circular error probable (CEP) of 10 m at up to 40 km with a unit cost of US$20,000. In use by Israeli Army.

Israel Aerospace Industries
Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI; Hebrew: התעשייה האווירית לישראל, romanized: ha-Ta'asiya ha-Avirit le-Yisra'el) is Israel's major aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing aerial and astronautic systems for both military and civilian usage. It has 14,000 employees as of 2021. IAI is state-owned by the government of Israel.

IAI designs, develops, produces and maintains civil aircraft, UAVs, fighter aircraft, missile, avionics, and space-based systems.

IAI's main focus is engineering, aviation and high-tech electronics, though it also manufactures military systems for ground and naval forces. Many of these products are centered on the core needs of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Other offerings are marketed to numerous foreign militaries.
Lordship of Botrun
The Lordship of Botrun was a fief around the small town of Botrun (now Batroun in Lebanon) in the County of Tripoli. The crusaders occupied Botrun in 1104, then the lordship was formed in 1115, until it was seized by the Mamluks of Qalawun in 1289.

Batroun
Batroun (Arabic: ٱلْبَتْرُون al-Batrūn;, ancient Botrys (Ancient Greek: Βότρυς, romanized: Bótrys), is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is the capital city of Batroun District.
Ikken Rakuchaku Goyoujin
"Ikken Rakuchaku Goyoujin" (一件落着ゴ用心, Case Closed, Be Careful) is a song by Japanese voice actress idol unit Earphones. It was released on February 15, 2017 and was used as the opening for the anime, Akiba's Trip: The Animation. The song has spoken verses narrated by Akira Kushida. Ikken Rakuchaku Goyoujin and single's B-side, Utopia Monogatari were featured on their 2nd studio album, Some Dreams.

Akira Kushida
Akira Kushida (串田 アキラ, Kushida Akira) is a Japanese singer who is well known for his work in the soundtracks for anime and tokusatsu productions, most notably Taiyou Sentai Sun Vulcan, Kinnikuman, and Space Sheriff Gavan. His nickname from his fans is Kussy (クッシー, Kusshī). His real given name is Akira (晃, Akira).
Mmhmm (song)
"Mmhmm" is a song by American rapper BigXthaPlug, released on October 6, 2023, as the lead single from his EP The Biggest (2023). Produced by Bandplay and Charley Cooks, it contains a sample of "And the Beat Goes On" by The Whispers and is BigXthaPlug's first song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, debuting at number 93 and peaking at number 63. The song was later included on his second studio album Take Care (2024).

And the Beat Goes On (The Whispers song)
"And the Beat Goes On" is a 1979 single by the American music group the Whispers. The song was their first of two number-one singles on the Soul chart, and their first Top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 19. "And the Beat Goes On" was the group's only number-one song on the dance chart. It was also their first and biggest hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. The song also peaked at number 27 on the Canadian RPM chart and was in the Canadian Top 100 for 21 weeks.

In 1996 after Phyllis Hyman died, the Whispers honored her with a musical: Thank God! The Beat Goes On. The fictionalized story intertwines the long-running career of the Whispers with the rise of Hyman, using songs by the Whispers including ones Hyman sang with them such as "The Beat Goes On". The Whispers played themselves while R&B singer Alyson Williams played the role of Hyman.
Holtemme
The Holtemme is a 47-kilometre (29 mi) long tributary of the river Bode in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

It rises in the Harz mountains at the eastern foot of the Brocken, descends during its upper course as the Steinerne Renne, a steep stream bed riddled with granite rocks, flows through Hasserode, Wernigerode and past their villages of Minsleben and Silstedt, through Derenburg and Halberstadt and discharges into the Bode near Krottorf.

In Wernigerode, not far from the western gate, the Zillierbach, which is also known as the Flutrenne, merges into the Holtemme.

Halberstadt
Halberstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈhalbɐˌʃtat] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Halverstidde) is a town in the state of Saxony-Anhalt in central Germany, the capital of Harz district. Located north of the Harz mountain range, it is known for its old town center, which was largely destroyed by Allied bombings in the late stages of World War II after local Nazi leaders refused to surrender. The town was rebuilt in the following decades.

In World War I Halberstadt was the site of a German military airbase and aircraft-manufacturing facilities. In World War II Halberstadt was a regional production center for Junkers aircraft, which also housed an SS forced labor camp. Halberstadt now includes the area where the Langenstein-Zwieberge concentration camp was situated.

Today the city has around 450 timber framed houses in its city centre and timber framed old villages like Langenstein.
Sayo Yamamoto
Sayo Yamamoto (山本 沙代, Yamamoto Sayo; born April 13, 1977) is a Japanese anime director and storyboard artist. She is known for directing the critically acclaimed anime series Michiko & Hatchin, Yuri!!! on Ice, and Lupin the Third: The Woman Called Fujiko Mine. After graduating from the College of Art and Design in Tokyo, she began work at Studio Madhouse, where she had her directing debut at age 25.

Fujiko Mine was awarded the "New Face" award from the Japan Media Arts Festival in 2012.

Trava: Fist Planet
TRAVA FIST PLANET episode 1 is an anime OVA released in four parts by Grasshoppa! between 2001 and 2002, directed by Katsuhito Ishii and Takeshi Koike. In March 2003, the four parts were re-edited into a single feature and released on a standalone DVD, which included English subtitles, a making-of, 5.1 audio remix, figures of Trava and Shinkai, and a 3-minute pilot for the potential sequel titled "episode 2."
Royal Victoria DLR station
Royal Victoria DLR station is on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in Canning Town, east London. The station opened in 1994 and is named after the nearby Royal Victoria Dock. It is on the DLR's Beckton branch, in London fare zone 3, and is the nearest station for the northern terminus of the IFS Cloud Cable Car and for London's new City Hall.

City Hall, London (Newham)
City Hall, in the London Borough of Newham in east London, is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA), the regional government for Greater London. It replaced the previous City Hall, in Southwark in 2022. The building opened in 2012 and was previously an exhibition centre for sustainable architecture, known as The Crystal. Built and opened by Siemens, it was the first building in the world to reach the highest sustainability award levels in LEED and BREEAM. It was bought by the GLA in 2019 for the London Docklands redevelopment project.

The building is situated next to the redeveloped Royal Victoria Dock in Canning Town. The northern terminus of the London cable car, and Royal Victoria station, the Docklands Light Railway and Custom House railway station on the Elizabeth line are within walking distance. It is close to London City Airport.
Steamboat Creek (Umpqua River tributary)
Steamboat Creek is a short tributary of the North Umpqua River in southwestern Oregon in the United States. Approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) long, the creek is located on a remote part of the upper North Umpqua in the Calapooia Mountains west of the Cascade Range. It rises in southeastern Lane County at 43°33′36″N 122°33′07″W﻿ / ﻿43.5601214°N 122.5519948°W﻿ / 43.5601214; -122.5519948﻿ (Steamboat Creek source) and flows southwest to join the North Umpqua from the north at Steamboat.

The North Umpqua and its tributaries renowned for its prolific runs of summer steelhead, including a high percentage of native fish. Steamboat Creek has been closed to fishing since 1932.

The watershed of the creek was extensively clearcut during the late 1950s and 1960s until forestry practices were changed. The recovery of the river, including the anadromous fish population is closely monitored as a test case for riparian habitat management.

Steamboat, Douglas County, Oregon
Steamboat is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Oregon, United States. It is located about 39 miles east of Roseburg on Oregon Route 138, near the confluence of the North Umpqua River with Steamboat Creek within the Umpqua National Forest.

The name "Steamboat" was probably first applied to the creek sometime before the 1890s by area gold miners, after a term referring to disappointing mining claims. There is no evidence any actual steamboats navigated the river at this locale.
Nico Naldini
Domenico Naldini (1 March 1929 – 9 September 2020) was an Italian novelist, poet and film director.  Some of his work has been translated into English.

Naldini was born in Casarsa della Delizia, Pordenone to Antonio Naldini and Enrichetta Colussi. His mother was the sister of Susanna Colussi, the mother of Pier Paolo Pasolini, making him his first cousin. He was his cousin's biographer. He was a lecturer and professor at the University of Trento and professor of Italian literature at the University of Tunis. His work includes popularizing Italian literature and culture throughout the world.

Naldini died in Treviso on 9 September 2020, at the age of 91.

Casarsa della Delizia
Casarsa della Delizia or simply Casarsa (Standard Friulian: Cjasarse, Western Friulian: Cjasarsa) is a  comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Pordenone.

Casarsa della Delizia borders the following municipalities: Arzene, Fiume Veneto, San Vito al Tagliamento, Valvasone, Zoppola.

It houses the tomb of local poet and writer Pier Paolo Pasolini, as well as Didactic Center based in his mother's house.
Origine
Origine is the fourth studio album released by B1A4 under WM Entertainment. The album was released on October 19, 2020, by WM Entertainment and distributed by Sony Music Entertainment Korea, the album contains 12 tracks including their lead single "Like A Movie".

It marks B1A4's first full studio album since Good Timing in 2016, and their subsequent EP Rollin' and the first release as a trio, following the departures of Jinyoung and Baro.

B1A4
B1A4 (Korean: 비원에이포) is a South Korean boy band formed by WM Entertainment. The group debuted on April 23, 2011, with the single "O.K" from the EP Let's Fly, after being introduced to the public through a webtoon. They have released nine studio albums (four Korean and five Japanese) and seven EPs, as well as four compilation albums. The group had considerable commercial and critical success in both the Korean and Japanese markets. They have also toured in the United States.
Harvard Mark II
The Harvard Mark II, also known as the Aiken Relay Calculator, was an electromechanical computer built under the direction of Howard Aiken at Harvard University, completed in 1947. It was financed by the United States Navy and used for ballistic calculations at Naval Proving Ground Dahlgren. Computer pioneers Edmund Berkeley and Grace Hopper worked together under Aiken to build and program the Mark II

Howard H. Aiken
Howard Hathaway Aiken (March 8, 1900 – March 14, 1973) was an American physicist and a pioneer in computing. He was the original conceptual designer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I, the United States' first programmable computer.
El derecho de nacer (1981 TV series)
El derecho de nacer (English title:The right to be born) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Ernesto Alonso for Televisa in 1981. Based on the Cuban radionovela of the same name written by Félix B. Caignet adapted for TV by Fernanda Villeli and directed by Raúl Araiza.

Verónica Castro and Sergio Jiménez starred as protagonists, Erika Buenfil and Humberto Zurita starred as co-protagonist on their debut, while Ignacio López Tarso, Beatriz Castro and Malena Doria starred as main antagonists. With the participations of the first actresses María Rubio and Socorro Avelar.

Sergio Jiménez
Sergio Jiménez (December 17, 1937 – January 3, 2007), born in Mexico City, was a Mexican actor. He became famous after portraying the character of El Gato in the film Los caifanes. His last work was directing the telenovela La fea más bella. Sergio also worked in his "actor's studio" which he operated with the actress Adriana Barraza (nominated for an Oscar as Best Supporting Actress for Babel). He is known in the Mexican community as "El Profe" (the teacher).
Frédéric Desmons
Frédéric Desmons (14 October 1832, Brignon – 4 January 1910, Paris) was a French Calvinist pastor and freemason who persuaded the Grand Orient de France in a vote to remove the term of the Great Architect of the Universe from their Constitution. This precipitated a split with the United Grand Lodge of England and the birth of liberal or Latin Freemasonry.

He studied in Nîmes and then went on to study theology in Geneva, the stronghold of Calvinism.

Upon his death, Frédéric Desmons was buried in the cemetery at Saint-Geniès-de-Malgoirès, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.

Continental Freemasonry
Liberal Freemasonry, also known as Continental Freemasonry or Adogmatic Freemasonry, is a major philosophical tradition within Freemasonry that emphasizes absolute freedom of conscience, philosophical inquiry, and progressive social values. Liberal Freemasonry is characterized by its acceptance of all people regardless of religious belief, gender, or philosophical outlook. It represents one of the two main branches of modern Freemasonry, alongside Conservative (Anglo-American) Freemasonry.
The Liberal tradition emerged primarily in France during the Age of Enlightenment and came to full expression through the Grand Orient de France's 1877 adoption of absolute freedom of conscience as a founding principle. Today, Liberal Freemasonry is the predominant form of Freemasonry in Continental Europe, Latin America, and parts of Africa, with millions of members worldwide organized in various grand lodges and masonic bodies.
Dahui Zonggao
Dahui Zonggao (1089–10 August 1163) (Chinese: 大慧宗杲; Wade–Giles: Ta-hui Tsung-kao; Japanese: Daie Sōkō; Vietnamese: Đại Huệ Tông Cảo) was a 12th-century Chinese Chan (Zen) master. Dahui was a student of Yuanwu Keqin (Wade–Giles: Yuan-wu K'o-ch'in; Japanese: Engo Kokugon) (1063–1135) and was the 12th generation of the Linji school of Chan Buddhism. He was the dominant figure of the Linji school during the Song dynasty.

Dahui introduced the practice of kan huatou, or "inspecting the critical phrase," of a kōan story. This method was called the "Chan of gongan (kōan) introspection" (看話禪 Kanhua Chan).

Dahui was a vigorous critic of what he called the "heretical Chan of silent illumination" (默照邪禪 Mozhao Xie Chan) of the Caodong school (Wade–Giles: Ts'ao-tung; Japanese: Sōtō).

Caodong school
Caodong school (Chinese: 曹洞宗; pinyin: Cáodòng zōng; Wade–Giles: Ts'ao-tung-tsung) is a Chinese Chan Buddhist branch and one of the Five Houses of Chan.

The school emphasised sitting meditation (Ch: zuochan, Jp: zazen), and the "five ranks" teaching. During the Song dynasty, Caodong masters like Hongzhi Zhengjue developed "silent illumination" (mozhao) meditation.
Spanish Dance Troupe
Spanish Dance Troupe is the sixth album by Welsh psychedelic folk band Gorky's Zygotic Mynci, released on 4 October 1999. The album was recorded at Stiwdio Ofn in Llanfaelog, Anglesey and mastered by Chris Blair at Abbey Road Studios. The album was the last to feature founder member John Lawrence, who had departed the band by the time the album was released.

The title track was covered by Of Montreal and appeared as a bonus track on their 2004 album Satanic Panic in the Attic.

Gorky's Zygotic Mynci
Gorky's Zygotic Mynci (/ˈɡɔːkiz ˌzaɪˈɡɒtɪk ˈmʌŋki/) were a psychedelic folk and alternative rock band which formed in Carmarthen, Wales, in 1991. The group performed music in both Welsh and English, and they had eight Top 75 singles on the UK Singles Chart during their career. They were prominent during the era known as Cool Cymru. The group disbanded in May 2006.
Levien Gymnasium
Francis S. Levien Gymnasium is a 2,700-seat arena at Columbia University in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City. Named for New York lawyer-industrialist Francis S. Levien (1905–95), it is home to the Columbia men's and women's basketball teams and the women's volleyball team. It is also used for gym classes in between games.  Part of the Marcellus Hartley Dodge Physical Fitness Center, Levien Gym opened in 1974 as a replacement for the old University Gym, which is still used for intramural sports. The playing court is named in honor of former Columbia basketball player and university trustee Jonathan D. Schiller.

Levien was the host of the 2016 CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament championship game and 2024 Ivy League men's and women's basketball tournaments.

Jonathan D. Schiller
Jonathan David Schiller (born September 25, 1946) is an American lawyer who is a co-founder and managing partner of the law firm Boies Schiller Flexner LLP. He also chaired the Board of Trustees of Columbia University from 2013 to 2018.
Paul Langevin
Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an anti-fascist organization created after the 6 February 1934 far right riots. Being a public opponent of fascism in the 1930s resulted in his arrest and being held under house arrest by the Vichy government for most of World War II. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946, having recently joined the French Communist Party.

He was a doctoral student of Pierre Curie and later a lover of widowed Marie Curie. He is also known for his two US patents with Constantin Chilowsky in 1916 and 1917 involving ultrasonic submarine detection. He is entombed at the Panthéon.

Human Rights League (France)
The Human Rights League (French: Ligue des droits de l'homme, LDH), officially the French League for the Defense of Human Rights and Citizen (French: Ligue française pour la défense des droits de l'homme et du citoyen), is a human rights NGO association whose mission includes to observe, defend and promulgate human rights within the French Republic in all spheres of public life. The LDH is a member of the International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH).
The Lone Journey
The Lone Journey (旅路, Tabiji), also known as The Road, is a 1955 black-and-white Japanese film directed by Hiroshi Inagaki.

Production design was by Takeo Kita and Makoto Sono and sound recording was by Choshichiro Mikami. The lighting technician was Shigeru Mori.

Hiroshi Inagaki
Hiroshi Inagaki (Japanese: 稲垣 浩, Hepburn: Inagaki Hiroshi; 30 December 1905 – 1 May 1980) was a Japanese filmmaker who worked on over 100 films in a career spanning over five decades. He is one of the most successful and critically acclaimed filmmakers in the history of Japanese cinema, having directed several jidaigeki epics such as the 1954 Academy Award-winning film Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto, and its two sequels Samurai II: Duel at Ichijoji Temple (1955) and Samurai III: Duel at Ganryu Island (1956).
Pension Schöller (1930 film)
Pension Schöller is a 1930 German comedy film directed by Georg Jacoby and starring Paul Henckels, Elga Brink and Jakob Tiedtke. It is an adaptation of the 1890 play Pension Schöller by Wilhelm Jacoby and Carl Laufs. Georg Jacoby was Wilhem's son, and made three film adaptations of his father's best known play in 1930, 1952 and 1960.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Max Heilbronner.

Pension Schöller (play)
Pension Schöller (English:The Schöller Boardinghouse) is a German comedy play by Wilhelm Jacoby and Carl Laufs which was first performed in 1890. The play was originally performed at Wallner Theatre in Berlin and quickly became a staple of German comic literature.
Willemspark
The Willemspark (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɪləmsˌpɑr(ə)k]; lit. 'William's Park') is a neighbourhood in the Centrum district of The Hague, Netherlands. It has 1,393 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2013) and covers an area of 34.6 hectares (0.134 sq mi). It is bordered by the Zeestraat to the south-east, the Scheveningseveer, the Mauritskade and the Dr. Kuyperstraat to the south-east, the Prinsessegracht to the north-east and the Javastraat to the north-west. The park was originally property of king William II, but he sold the area to the municipality of The Hague in 1855, after which it became a villa park. Iconic to the neighbourhood are the Alexanderstraat and the Sophialaan that intersect on Plein 1813. This square is marked by a monument commemorating the defeat of Napoleon and the establishment of the Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands.

The Hague Center
The City Center of The Hague (Dutch: Centrum) is the oldest and, with a population of 110,510 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2025), the second largest of The Hague's eight districts, consisting of nine neighbourhoods. Two railways stations can be found in the city center: Den Haag Centraal and Den Haag Hollands Spoor.
Rahul Kohli
Rahul Kohli is an English actor. On television, he gained prominence through the CW series iZombie (2015–2019), and his collaborations with filmmaker Mike Flanagan in the Netflix series The Haunting of Bly Manor (2020), Midnight Mass (2021), and The Fall of the House of Usher (2023), and the upcoming Amazon Prime series Carrie. He recently appeared in the Hulu series Death and Other Details (2024) and the Amazon Prime series We Were Liars (2025). His films include Next Exit (2022).

We Were Liars (TV series)
We Were Liars is an American psychological thriller television series based on the 2014 novel of the same name by E. Lockhart. It premiered on Amazon Prime Video on June 18, 2025. It was renewed for a second season in September 2025.
Pessimistic induction
In the philosophy of science, the pessimistic induction, also known as the pessimistic meta-induction, is an argument that seeks to rebut scientific realism, particularly the scientific realist's notion of epistemic optimism. The pessimistic meta-induction is the argument that if past successful and accepted scientific theories were found to be false, we have no reason to believe the scientific realist's claim that our currently successful theories are approximately true.

Larry Laudan
Laurens Lynn "Larry" Laudan (/ˈlaʊdən/; October 16, 1941 – August 23, 2022) was an American philosopher of science and epistemologist. He strongly criticized the traditions of positivism, realism, and relativism, and he defended a view of science as a privileged and progressive institution against challenges. Laudan's philosophical view of "research traditions" is seen as an important alternative to Imre Lakatos's "research programs".