hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anatolian languages
The Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia. The best known Anatolian language is Hittite, which is considered the earliest-attested Indo-European language.

Undiscovered until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Anatolian languages are often believed to be the earliest branch to have split from the Proto Indo-European family. Once discovered, the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided support for the laryngeal theory of Proto-Indo-European linguistics. While Hittite attestation ends after the Bronze Age, hieroglyphic Luwian survived until the conquest of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms by the Semitic Assyrian Empire, and alphabetic inscriptions in Anatolian languages are fragmentarily attested until the early 1st millennium AD, eventually succumbing to the Hellenization of Anatolia as a result of Greek colonisation.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Living Films
Living Films is an international film production company based in Thailand. They have produced feature films, documentaries, commercials, and television series including The Hangover Part II, Shanghai (2010 film), and Changeland. Its most recent projects include the Netflix / BBC TV series The Serpent (TV series), the Netflix film Fistful of Vengeance, Ron Howard’s film Thirteen Lives, episodes of Disney’s series Ms. Marvel (miniseries), and the FX series Alien: Earth.

Fistful of Vengeance
Fistful of Vengeance is a 2022 American supernatural action thriller film directed by Roel Reiné, and written by Cameron Litvack, Jessica Chou and Yalun Tu. The film serves as a follow-up to the first season of the television series Wu Assassins, and stars Iko Uwais, Lewis Tan, Lawrence Kao, Rhatha Phongam,  JuJu Chan, Pearl Thusi, Francesca Corney, Jason Tobin and Simon Kuke. The film was released worldwide on February 17, 2022, on Netflix.
2013 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup
The 2013 Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup  was the second staging of the Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup. The tournament was held from 3 July to 13 July 2013 in Gillingham, Kent, England, as part of the 2013 Festival of World Cups.
The tournament was won by France who defeated the defending champions, England, 42–40 in the final at the Medway Park Sports Centre to win their first title. Dany Denuwelaere of France was named as the player of the tournament.

Scotland national wheelchair rugby league team
The Scotland national wheelchair rugby league team represents Scotland in wheelchair rugby league. They have competed at the World Cup, the European Championships and several tournaments within the British Isles, such as the Celtic Cup and Four Nations competitions.
Scouting and Guiding in Estonia
The Scout and Guide movement in Estonia is served by

Eesti Gaidide Liit, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Eesti Skautide Ühing, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

In addition, there are youth branches Young Eagles for boys and Home Daughters for girls of the Estonian Defence League which sometimes employ the Scout method.

Home Daughters
Home Daughters (Estonian: Kodutütred) is a patriotic youth paramilitary organization in Estonia, established in 1932 at Estonian Defence League. It is not a defence organisation.

In 1939, there were registered 19,601 Home Daughters.

In 1940, the organisation was eliminated due to the Soviet occupation of Estonia.

In 1991, the organisation was re-established after the restoration of Estonian independence.

In 2021, there were registered ~4500 Home Daughters.

Leaders (Estonian: peavanemad):

1933-1940 Salme Pruuden

1992-1999 Maret Lepik

1999-2002 Anne Eenpalu

2002-2018 Angelika Naris

2018-... Ave Proos
Gerard Malanga
Gerard Joseph Malanga (born March 20, 1943) is an American poet, photographer, filmmaker, actor, curator, and archivist.

Malanga worked for pop artist Andy Warhol from 1963 to 1970. The New York Times referred to him as "Andy Warhol's most important associate." He began as Warhol's studio assistant, helping him with the silkscreening of his paintings. Later, he was appointed as a founding editor of Warhol's Interview magazine. As a Warhol superstar, he also appeared in a number of underground films.

His photography spans over four decades and includes portraits, nudes, and the urban documentation of "New York's Changing Scene." Malanga, who is primarily a poet, considered his portraits to be "poetry on film." He has directed several films and written books.

In 2024, Malanga was elected as a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture.

Artist's Assistant
Artists assistants work with, and often under direct instruction from, artists in the production or preparation of art works.  Many famous and influential artists have worked with assistants, including Barbara Hepworth, David Hockney, and Andy Warhol.
Island in the Sun (film)
Island in the Sun is a 1957 American drama film produced by Darryl F. Zanuck and directed by Robert Rossen. It features an ensemble cast including James Mason, Harry Belafonte, Joan Fontaine, Joan Collins, Dorothy Dandridge, Michael Rennie, Stephen Boyd, Patricia Owens, John Justin, Diana Wynyard, John Williams, and Basil Sydney.  The film is about race relations and interracial romance set in the fictitious island of Santa Marta. Barbados and Grenada were selected as the sites for the movie based on the 1955 novel by Alec Waugh. The film was controversial at the time of its release for its on-screen portrayal of interracial romance.

Alec Waugh
Alexander Raban Waugh (8 July 1898 – 3 September 1981) was a British novelist, the elder brother of the better-known Evelyn Waugh, uncle of Auberon Waugh and son of Arthur Waugh, author, literary critic and publisher. His first wife was Barbara Jacobs (1900–1996), daughter of the writer William Wymark Jacobs, his second wife was Joan Chirnside (1902–1969), and his third wife was Virginia Sorenson (1912–1991), author of the Newbery Medal-winning Miracles on Maple Hill.
Medicine Lake, Montana
Medicine Lake is a town in Sheridan County, Montana, United States. The population was 244 at the 2020 census.

On July 5, 1937, Medicine Lake recorded a temperature of 117 °F (47 °C), setting the record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Montana.

Sheridan County, Montana
Sheridan County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,539. Its county seat is Plentywood. Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States border south of Saskatchewan.
Address Unknown (1935 film)
Address Unknown (Hungarian: Címzett ismeretlen) is a 1935 Hungarian comedy film directed by Béla Gaál and starring Irén Ágay, Imre Ráday and Gyula Kabos. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest and on location around Tihany and the resort town of Balatonföldvár on the shore of Lake Balaton. The film's sets were designed by the art director Márton Vincze.

Béla Gaál
Béla Gaál (2 January 1893 – 18 February 1945) was a Hungarian film director. His 1930 film Csak egy kislány van a világon was the first sound film to be made in Hungary.

In 1945 he was interned by the Nazis in Dachau Concentration Camp, where he would die.
Postland railway station
Postland railway station was a station on the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway in Crowland, Lincolnshire, which is now closed. It took its name from the Postland estate, owned by the Marquess of Exeter. It originally opened in 1867, and remained open to passengers until 1961. Services to Cambridge and Doncaster ran from here.

In July 1936, a serious accident took place at the station, involving Ex-GNR Class H4 2-6-0 No. 2764.

Postland station was closed permanently in 1965. The closest stations for passengers from Crowland and the surrounding area are now either Spalding railway station or Peterborough railway station. The closure of the station was not related to the Beeching axe of the same era.

The station building and former signal box now lie on the B1166, which runs from Crowland to Throckenholt, and the station building has now been converted into a house.

GNR Class H4
The Great Northern Railway Class H4 (classified K3 by the LNER) was a class of 2-6-0 steam locomotive designed for mixed-traffic work.

The type was a more powerful development of the earlier H3 (LNER K2) class and was notable at the time, as the 6-foot-diameter (1.8 m) boilers were the largest fitted to any British locomotive to that date. After formation of the London and North Eastern Railway, the type became known as class K3 and was adopted as an LNER standard design. They got the nickname "Jazzers" after the rhythm of their exhaust beat and the unbalanced gyratory movement.
Rybnica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Rybnica [rɨbˈnit͡sa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klimontów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Klimontów, 26 km (16 mi) west of Sandomierz, and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

During the January Uprising, on 20 October 1863, it was the site of the Battle of Rybnica, in which Polish insurgents commanded by Dionizy Czachowski defeated Russian troops.

Battle of Rybnica
The Battle of Rybnica, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on October 20, 1863, near the village of Rybnica, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. A party of 650 Polish insurgents, commanded by Dionizy Czachowski, clashed with a 500-strong detachment of the Imperial Russian Army. The clash ended in rebel victory; Russian losses were estimated at app. 50–60 killed, while the Poles lost 27 killed and 30 wounded.
Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is one of two families of cicadas, with about 3,400 species in over 520 genera worldwide; it contains most living cicada species, except for the two belonging to its sister taxon, the Tettigarctidae.  The classification of this family, of often very similar insects, has undergone many revisions, continuing into the 21st century; for example, many species previously assigned to the type genus Cicada, are now placed in different tribes.

Cicada (genus)
Cicada is the type genus of cicadas in the family Cicadidae and the tribe Cicadini. Historically, a large number of species have been described as "Cicada", but are now placed elsewhere; valid species are mostly found in the Palaearctic realm and Indian subcontinent.
Acjachemen
The Acjachemen (/ɑːˈxɑːtʃəmən/) are an indigenous people of California. Published maps often identify their ancestral lands as extending from the beach to the mountains, south from what is now known as Aliso Creek in Orange County to Las Pulgas Canyon in the northwestern part of San Diego County. However, sources also show that Acjachemen people shared sites with other indigenous nations as far north as Puvunga in contemporary Long Beach.

Luiseño language
Luiseño, or Chamtéela, is a Uto-Aztecan language of California spoken by the Luiseño people. The Luiseño are a Native American people who at the time of first contact with the Spanish in the 16th century inhabited the coastal area of southern California, ranging 50 miles (80 km) from the southern part of Los Angeles County, California, to the northern part of San Diego County, California, and inland 30 miles (48 km). The people are called "Luiseño", owing to their proximity to the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.
Polynomial hierarchy
In computational complexity theory, the polynomial hierarchy (sometimes called the polynomial-time hierarchy) is a hierarchy of complexity classes that generalize the classes NP and co-NP. Each class in the hierarchy is contained within PSPACE. The hierarchy can be defined using oracle machines or alternating Turing machines. It is a resource-bounded counterpart to the arithmetical hierarchy and analytical hierarchy from mathematical logic. The union of the classes in the hierarchy is denoted PH.

Classes within the hierarchy have complete problems (with respect to polynomial-time reductions) that ask if quantified Boolean formulae hold, for formulae with restrictions on the quantifier order. It is known that equality between classes on the same level or consecutive levels in the hierarchy would imply a "collapse" of the hierarchy to that level.

True quantified Boolean formula
In computational complexity theory, the language TQBF is a formal language consisting of the true quantified Boolean formulas.  A (fully) quantified Boolean formula is a formula in quantified propositional logic (also known as Second-order propositional logic) where every variable is quantified (or bound), using either existential or universal quantifiers, at the beginning of the sentence. Such a formula is equivalent to either true or false (since there are no free variables). If such a formula evaluates to true, then that formula is in the language TQBF. It is also known as QSAT (Quantified SAT).
Cloe and Holly Mackie
Cloe Isabella Mackie and Holly Elizabeth Mackie (also known as Cloi Mckee and Holli Mckee; born 1996 or 1997) are British twin actresses, best known for playing Tania and Tara, respectively, in the 2007 and 2009 St Trinian's films.

St Trinian's 2: The Legend of Fritton's Gold
St Trinian's 2: The Legend of Fritton's Gold is a 2009 British adventure comedy film directed by Oliver Parker and Barnaby Thompson, both of whom directed the previous film in the series. It is the seventh in a long-running series of films based on the works of cartoonist Ronald Searle, and the second film produced since the franchise was rebooted in 2007.
A Reason to Swim
A Reason to Swim is the third EP of singer/songwriter Joe Brooks and is his first independent release following his departure from Lava Records/Universal Republic Records. It was released through Fantastic Music LLC in the US on September 6, 2011.

Joe Brooks (singer)
Joe Brooks (born Joseph David Tancock; 18 May 1987) is an English singer and songwriter. Brooks started out as a Myspace musician when he was just 17 and quickly gained popularity on the site while releasing two independent EPs. By 2008 he was hyped and labelled as the "Number 1 Unsigned UK Artist" on MySpace and had amassed 11 million song plays. In 2009 he signed to Jason Flom's Lava Records and Universal Republic Records, where he released his first full-length and major label album, Constellation Me, in 2010. Following his exit from Lava/Universal in 2011, he released a fan-funded independent EP, A Reason to Swim, later that year.
Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians
The Little Shell Band of Chippewa are a historic sub-band of the Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians led by Chief Little Shell in the nineteenth century. Based in North Dakota around the Pembina River, they are part of the Ojibwe, one of the Anishinaabe peoples, who occupied territory west of the Great Lakes by that time. Many had partial European ancestry from intermarriage by French-Canadian fur traders and trappers. Some began to identify as Métis, today recognized as one of the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. Located in the 17th century in the areas around the Great Lakes, they gradually moved west into North Dakota and Montana.

Recognized successor apparent bands include the federally recognized Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians, based in North Dakota, and the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana.

Thomas Little Shell
Thomas Little Shell III (c. 1830 – 1901) (Anishinaabemowin Esens ("Little Shell" or "Little Clam") and recorded as Ase-anse or Es-sence) was a chief of a band of the Ojibwa (Chippewa) tribe in the second half of the nineteenth century, when the Anishinaabeg (Ojibwa peoples) had a vast territory ranging from southwestern Canada into the northern tier of the United States, from the Dakotas and into Montana.
Good Times: The Very Best of the Hits & the Remixes
Good Times: The Very Best of the Hits & the Remixes is a two-disc compilation album, of recordings by American R&B bands Chic and Sister Sledge, released by Warner Music in 2005, an expanded re-release of 1999's single-disc compilation The Very Best of Chic & Sister Sledge. Disc one contains the original recordings made between the years 1973 and 1982, disc two extended versions and remixes dating from 1982 to 2005.
(Note: track 1, disc 2.)

Chic (band)
Chic (stylized CHIC; /ʃiːk/ SHEEK) is an American disco band founded in 1972 by guitarist Nile Rodgers and bassist Bernard Edwards. Between 1972 and 1979, Chic released several of the biggest hits of the disco era, including "Dance, Dance, Dance (Yowsah, Yowsah, Yowsah)" (1977), "Everybody Dance" (1977), "Le Freak" (1978), "I Want Your Love" (1978), and "Good Times" (1979).  The group regarded themselves as a rock band for the disco movement "that made good on hippie peace, love and freedom". In 2017, Chic was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the eleventh time. As of 2025, Rodgers and Chic continue to perform as Nile Rodgers & Chic.
Thel (opera)
Thel or The Lamentations of Thel (Russian: Тэль or  Жалобы Тэли – Zhaloby Teli) is a chamber opera in four scenes with a prologue by the Russian composer Dmitri N. Smirnov to his own libretto in English after William Blake. It was composed in 1985–1986, and was also translated to Russian.

Dmitri Smirnov (composer)
Dmitri Nikolaevich Smirnov (Russian: Дми́трий Никола́евич Смирно́в; 2 November 1948 – 9 April 2020) was a Russian-British composer and academic teacher, who also published as Dmitri N. Smirnov and D. Smirnov-Sadovsky. He wrote operas, symphonies, string quartets and other chamber music, and vocal music from song to oratorio. Many of his works were inspired by the art of William Blake.
Vienna S-Bahn
The Vienna S-Bahn is an electric suburban commuter rail transit network in Vienna, Austria. As opposed to the city-run urban metro network, the Vienna U-Bahn, it extends beyond the borders of the city, is operated by the ÖBB  (Austrian Federal Railways), and consists of many branch lines. S-Bahn is short for Schnellbahn, which can be translated as "rapid railway".

Wien Hauptbahnhof
Wien Hauptbahnhof, Vienna Central Station  or Vienna Main Station is the main railway station in Vienna, Austria, located in the Favoriten district. It became fully operational in December 2015, linking major railway lines from the north, east, south and west, and replacing the old Wien Südbahnhof terminus. With 268,000 daily commuters it is Austria's busiest long-distance railway station. Aside from being voted "Austria's most beautiful railway station" (six times in total; five years in a row), it was also second in Consumer Choice Center's ranking of "Top 10 Railway Stations for Passenger Convenience in Europe".
Beinn Ghobhlach
Beinn Ghiobhlach (Scottish Gaelic for 'forked mountain') is a mountain with a height of 635 metres (2,083 ft) in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It lies on the Scoraig peninsula between the two Loch Brooms in Wester Ross.

Climbs usually start from the village of Badrallach and the peak provides fantastic views from its summit.

Loch Broom
Loch Broom (Scottish Gaelic: Lochbraon, "loch of rain showers") is a sea loch located in northwestern Ross and Cromarty, in the former parish of Lochbroom, on the west coast of Scotland. The small town of Ullapool lies on the eastern shore of the loch.
Anatoly Lysenko
Anatoly Grigorievich Lysenko (Russian: Анатолий Григорьевич Лысенко; 14 April 1937 – 20 June 2021) was a Soviet and Russian television figure, journalist, director, producer. Honored Artist of Russia, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR. On 18 July 2012 he was appointed general director of Public Television of Russia.

Public Television of Russia
Public Television of Russia (OTR, Russian: Общественное Телевидение России, ОТР, romanized: Obshchestvennoye Televideniye Rossii) is a Russian television station, which started broadcasting on 19 May 2013.
Gallup, Inc.
Gallup, Inc. is an American multinational analytics and advisory company based in Washington, D.C. Founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for conducting public opinion polls worldwide. Gallup provides analytics and management consulting to organizations globally. In addition, the company offers educational consulting, the CliftonStrengths assessment and associated products, and business and management books published by its Gallup Press unit.

First, Break All the Rules
First, Break All the Rules, subtitled What the World's Greatest Managers Do Differently (1999) is a self-help book authored by Marcus Buckingham and Curt Coffman about improving employee satisfaction. The book appeared on the New York Times bestseller list for 93 weeks.Time magazine listed the book as one of "The 25 Most Influential Business Management Books".
Sugar Bush (song)
"Sugar Bush" is a popular song composed by Fred Michel in 1930. It was translated into English by Josef Marais. Michel sold the rights to Polliacks for a small sum of money.
The song is based on a traditional South-African song, "Suikerbossie" ("Sugar Bush" in Afrikaans).

A version recorded as a duet by Doris Day and Frankie Laine was the best-known recording, and appeared on the first UK Singles Chart in November 1952, peaking at number 8 in a total chart run of eight weeks. A version by South African singer Eve Boswell was also recorded in the United Kingdom.

Josef Marais
Josef Marais (born Joseph Pessach; November 17, 1905 – April 27, 1978) was a folk singer and songwriter from South Africa who based himself in Britain, and then the United States, where he achieved notability. He performed with his wife as a duo called Marais and Miranda.
Elon College Historic District
Elon College Historic District is a national historic district located on the campus of Elon University at Elon, Alamance County, North Carolina. It encompasses 6 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object that form the historic core of the Elon College campus.  They are the West Dormitory (1907), and five buildings built between 1923–1927 which form an H-shaped complex: Alamance Building, Whitley Auditorium, Carlton Library, Duke Science Building, and Mooney Building.  The object is a monument erected in 1929. All of the buildings are three-story red brick buildings of Colonial Revival / Georgian Revival design.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Elon University
Elon University is a private university in Elon, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1889 as Elon College, the university is organized into six schools, most of which offer bachelor's degrees and several of which offer master's degrees or professional doctorate degrees. Located in North Carolina's Piedmont region, Elon is situated on a 656-acre (265 ha) suburban campus between the cities of Greensboro and Raleigh. Elon's athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Coastal Athletic Association.