hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finings
Finings are substances that are usually added at or near the completion of the processing of making wine, beer, and various nonalcoholic juice beverages. They are used to remove compounds, either to improve clarity or adjust flavor or aroma. The removed compounds may be sulfides, proteins, polyphenols, benzenoids, or copper ions. Unless they form a stable sediment in the final container, the spent finings are usually discarded from the beverage along with the target compounds that they capture.

Substances used as finings include egg whites, blood, milk, isinglass, and Irish moss. These are still used by some producers, but more modern substances have also been introduced and are more widely used, including bentonite, gelatin, casein, carrageenan, alginate, diatomaceous earth, pectinase, pectolyase, PVPP, kieselsol (colloidal silica), copper sulfate, dried albumen (egg whites), hydrated yeast, and activated carbon.

Chondrus crispus
Chondrus crispus—commonly called Irish moss or carrageenan moss (Irish carraigín, "little rock")—is a species of red algae  which grows abundantly along the rocky parts of the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America. In its fresh condition it is soft and cartilaginous, varying in color from a greenish-yellow, through red, to a dark purple or purplish-brown. The principal constituent is a mucilaginous body, made of the polysaccharide carrageenan, which constitutes 55% of its dry weight. The organism also consists of nearly 10% dry weight protein and about 15% dry weight mineral matter, and is rich in iodine and sulfur. When softened in water it has a sea-like odour. Because of the abundant cell wall polysaccharides, it will form a jelly when boiled, containing from 20 to 100 times its weight of water.
The Ethiopian Art Theatre
The Ethiopian Art Theatre — originally called the Chicago Folk Theatre, later the Colored Folk Theatre, also referred to as The Ethiopian Art Players — was an African American theatre company based out of Chicago, Illinois. The company was an influential albeit short-lived (1922/1923–1925) group founded during the Harlem Renaissance. There are differing views over the precise year that the company was founded, 1922 or 1923. The founder was Raymond O'Neil, a white theatre director, and its principal sponsor was Mrs. Sherwood Anderson, also white; though all its performers were African American. The organization was unique and controversial during its era, primarily for being one of the few African American Theatre Companies to perform European theatrical works, but also, among other things, for producing theatrical works of African American playwrights for both African American and Non-African American audiences.

Evelyn Preer
Evelyn Preer (née Jarvis; July 26, 1896 – November 17, 1932), was an African American pioneering screen and stage actress, and jazz and blues singer in Hollywood during the late-1910s through the early 1930s. Preer was known within the Black community as "The First Lady of the Screen."

She was the first Black actress to earn celebrity and popularity. She appeared in ground-breaking films and stage productions, such as the first play by a black playwright to be produced on Broadway, and the first New York–style production with a black cast in California in 1928, in a revival of a play adapted from Somerset Maugham's Rain.
Transported by Design
Transported by Design was a programme of activities which aimed to raise awareness of the importance of both physical and service design in London's transport network. The 18-month long campaign showcased how design has helped shape London's transport system as known today.

In October 2015, after two months of public voting, 10 favourite transport design icons were chosen by Londoners. The winners, selected from among 100 options, were:

Black cab

work of Frank Pick

Harry Beck's original tube map

Baker Street tube station platforms

London Underground roundel

AEC Routemaster bus

Mark Wallinger's Labyrinth

RT type bus

S-Stock trains

Westminster tube station

The programme showcased transport design through exhibitions, walks, the launch of a new uniform for London Underground in November 2015 and an event at Regent Street in July 2016 The programme was sponsored by Exterion Media.

Harry Beck
Henry Charles Beck (4 June 1902 – 18 September 1974) was an English technical draughtsman who created the first diagrammatic Tube map for the London Underground in 1931. Beck drew the diagram after being laid off by the Signalling Department of Underground Electric Railways of London.

Although his design was initially rejected, the Publicity Office of London Transport changed their minds after Beck resubmitted an updated copy. The map was first issued as a pocket edition in January 1933 and was immediately popular. The Underground has used topological maps to illustrate the network ever since. Harry Beck wanted to make the network easier to understand by colouring each train route and using only straight lines and 45 degree angles.
Pictures of Lily
"Pictures of Lily" is a song by the English rock band the Who, written by guitarist and primary songwriter Pete Townshend.  In 1971, "Pictures of Lily" was included in the Who album Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy, a compilation of previously released singles.

Townshend coined the term "power pop" when he used it to describe the song in a May 1967 interview with NME.

Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy
Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy is a compilation album of singles by English rock band the Who, released in 1971 as Track 2406 006 in the UK and as Decca DL 79184 in the US. It entered the US Billboard 200 chart on 20 November 1971, peaking at number 11, and the UK chart on 3 December 1971, peaking at number 9.
Portrait of Sir James Brooke
Portrait of Sir James Brooke is an 1847 portrait painting by the British artist Francis Grant. It depicts the British soldier and adventurer Sir James Brooke, who in 1841 became the Rajah of Sarawak in Borneo. He had subsequently spearheaded anti-piracy operations. Brooke is shown in undress naval uniform against a romanticised background likely intended to represent Sawarak. It was painted shortly after Brooke's return to England. Grant, whose nephew Charles Grant was one Brooke's aides, gave the sitter the painting as a gift. The work was the basis of an engraving made by William Holl the following year. Today the painting is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, having been bequeathed by Spenser St. John in 1910. Grant was a leading portraitist of the mid-Victorian era and later served as President of the Royal Academy. "The painting's spontaneity, directness and lack of pretension make it one of Grant's masterpieces".

Francis Grant (artist)
Sir Francis Grant PRA (18 January 1803 – 5 October 1878) was a Scottish portrait painter who painted Queen Victoria and many British aristocratic and political figures. He served as President of the Royal Academy.
London Undersound
London Undersound is the eighth studio album by British musician Nitin Sawhney. It was released on 13 October 2008 (2008-10-13), by Cooking Vinyl.

It includes collaborations with Paul McCartney, Natty, Imogen Heap, Reena Bhardwaj, Ojos de Brujo, Anoushka Shankar, Tina Grace, Faheem Mazhar, Aruba Red, and Roxanne Tataei.

Anoushka Shankar
Anoushka Hemangini Shankar (Bengali pronunciation: [onuʃka ʃɔŋkor]; born 9 June 1981) is a British-American sitar player and musician of Indian origin, as well as an occasional writer and actress. She performs across multiple genres and styles—classical and contemporary, acoustic and electronic. In addition to releasing seven solo studio albums beginning with Anoushka (1998), she has also worked alongside a wide variety of musicians, including Karsh Kale on the full-length collaboration Breathing Under Water (2007) and her father Ravi Shankar. She has received fourteen Grammy Awards nominations and was the first musician of Indian origin to perform live and to serve as a presenter at the ceremony.
Making the Heavens Speak
Making the Heavens Speak: Religion as Poetry (German: Den Himmel zum Sprechen bringen. Über Theopoesie, lit. 'Making the Heavens Speak. On Theopoetics') is a 2020 book by the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk.

Peter Sloterdijk
Peter Sloterdijk (/ˈsloʊtərdaɪk/; German: [ˈsloːtɐˌdaɪk]; born 26 June 1947) is a German philosopher and cultural theorist. He was a professor of philosophy and media theory at and Rector from 2001 to 2015 of the University of Art and Design Karlsruhe. He co-hosted the German television show Das Philosophische Quartett from 2002 until 2012.
Toyama Gokoku Shrine
36°41′23″N 137°12′04″E﻿ / ﻿36.6897°N 137.2011°E﻿ / 36.6897; 137.2011

Toyama Gokoku Shrine (富山縣護國神社, Toyamaken gokoku jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in Toyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the kami of "martyrs of the state" (国事殉難者) or soldiers whom have perished and its annual festivals take place on April 25 and October 5. It was established in 1913. In total, there are 28,679 people enshrined.

Toyama (city)
Toyama (富山市, Toyama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜ.ja.ma, to.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the Chūbu region on central Honshū, about 200 km (120 mi) north of the city of Nagoya and 300 km (190 mi) northwest of Tokyo. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 415,844 in 176,643 households, and a population density of 335 persons per km2. Its total area was 1,241.77 square kilometres (479.45 sq mi). The city has been designated an environmental model city by the national government for its efforts to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Derry Township is a township in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 24,717 at the 2020 census, an increase over the figure of 24,679 tabulated in 2010. Hershey, the site of the well-known Hershey's chocolate factory and its affiliated amusement park, is located within the township. Pennsylvania State University's Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and the Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital are also located on a large tract of land in the township.

Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Dauphin County (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 286,401. The county seat is Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's state capital and ninth-most populous city. The county was created on March 4, 1785, from part of Lancaster County and was named after Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, the first son of King Louis XVI. Dauphin County is included in the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located within the county is Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, site of the 1979 nuclear core meltdown. The nuclear power plant closed in 2019. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Phyllis Gates
Phyllis Lucille Gates (December 7, 1925;– January 4, 2006) was an American secretary and interior decorator, known for her three-year marriage to the actor Rock Hudson. The story of their marriage was depicted in the TV film Rock Hudson (1990), starring Daphne Ashbrook as Gates and Thomas Ian Griffith as Hudson.

Daphne Ashbrook
Daphne Lee Ashbrook (born January 30, 1963) is an American actress best known for playing Grace Holloway in Doctor Who: The Movie, Melora Pazlar in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine,  Jackie Kowalski in Hollywood Heights, and Dawn Atwood in The OC.
Lituanus
Lituanus is an English language quarterly journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic languages, linguistics, political science, arts, history, literature, and related topics. It is published by the non-profit Lituanus Foundation, Inc., and has a worldwide circulation of about 3,000 copies per issue. The first issue was published in 1954 in Chicago, Illinois. Many of the back issues are available free of charge on its website.

Lituanus is abstracted in two internationally recognized abstract services: MLA (Modern Language Association) and IPSA (International Political Science Association). Over the last fifty years, its most frequent editor has been Professor (now Emeritus) Antanas Klimas of the University of Rochester. The journal has featured articles by Czesław Miłosz, Tomas Venclova, Vytautas Kavolis, Jurgis Baltrušaitis, and Vytautas Landsbergis.

Antanas Klimas
Antanas Klimas (Lithuanian pronunciation: [ɐnˈtaːnɐs ˈkʲlʲɪmɐs]; April 17, 1924 in Pelekonys–18 September 2016 in Brighton) was a prominent   Lithuanian professor, onomastician and comparative linguist specializing in the relationships between Baltic, Slavic and Germanic language groups as well as the history of the Lithuanian language. He also created Lithuanian textbooks and dictionaries, was the editor for the language journal Lituanus, and published academic articles on Lithuanian and Indo-European linguistics. Klimas wrote more than 130 publications about linguistics and made significant contributions to the comparative linguistics of Baltic, Slavic and Germanic languages. He also researched Lithuanian anthroponymy, word formation, phonology and morphology.
1851 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1851 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on April 7, 1851. It was a rematch of the 1850 Connecticut gubernatorial election. Incumbent governor and Democratic Party nominee Thomas H. Seymour defeated former state legislator and Whig nominee Lafayette S. Foster with 48.94% of the vote.

Seymour won a plurality of the vote, but he did not receive a majority. As a result, the Connecticut General Assembly elected the governor, per the state constitution. The Whig Party had a majority in the Connecticut State house, but they were divided over their choice. Seymour won the vote over Foster by a mere one-vote margin, 122 to 121, in the General Assembly, and became the governor.

Lafayette S. Foster
La Fayette Sabine Foster (November 22, 1806 – September 19, 1880) was an American politician and jurist from Connecticut. He served in the United States Senate from 1855 to 1867 and was a judge on the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1870 to 1876. He was President pro tempore of the United States Senate from 1865 to 1867, and was first in the presidential line of succession for most of his tenure, following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
Gavala House
47°13′29″N 39°42′33″E﻿ / ﻿47.22472°N 39.70917°E﻿ / 47.22472; 39.70917

The Gavala House (Russian: Дом Гавала) is a building in Rostov-on-Don at 93 Pushkinskaya Street. It was built as a town house in the late 19th century. The building has the status of an object of cultural heritage of Russia of regional significance, and is № 6130164000.

Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don, or simply Rostov, is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia.
Ebro Basin
The Ebro Basin, the drainage basin of the River Ebro, encompasses much of the northeast quarter of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain. It formed during the Paleogene as a foreland marine basin to the south of the Pyrenees with connections to both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, limited to the southeast by the Catalan Coastal Ranges. During the Late Eocene it became an endorheic basin, with no connections to either sea. In the Miocene the basin was captured by a precursor to the Ebro river and the new drainage system that developed eroded away much of the basin fill, except for resistant lithologies, such as the conglomerates at Montserrat.

Montserrat (mountain)
Montserrat (Catalan pronunciation: [munsəˈrat]) is a multi-peaked mountain range near Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range. The main peaks are Sant Jeroni (1,236 m), Montgrós (1,120 m), and Les Agulles (903 m).

It is the site of the Benedictine abbey, Santa Maria de Montserrat, which hosts the Virgin of Montserrat sanctuary.

"Montserrat" literally means "serrated (like the common handsaw) mountain" in Catalan. It describes its peculiar aspect with a multitude of rock formations that are visible from a great distance. The mountain is composed of strikingly pink conglomerate, a form of sedimentary rock. Montserrat was designated as a National Park in 1987. The Monastery of Montserrat which houses the virgin that gives its name to the monastery is also on the mountain, although it is also known as La Moreneta ("the little tan/dark one" in Catalan).
Beaux-Arts architecture
Beaux-Arts architecture (/boʊz ˈɑːr/ bohz AR, French: [boz‿aʁ] ⓘ) was the academic architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century. It drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism, but also incorporated Renaissance and Baroque elements, and used modern materials, such as iron and glass, and later, steel. It was an important style and enormous influence in Europe and the Americas through the end of the 19th century and into the 20th, particularly for institutional and public buildings.

Henry Hobson Richardson
Henry Hobson Richardson, FAIA (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was an American architect, best known for his work in a style derived from Romanesque Revival that became known as Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture."
Twin Mosques
The Twin Mosques (Somali: Masaajidka Mataanaha), formerly known as the Aw Mukhtar Mosque and as the Aw Sheikh Omar Mosque, is a large consolidated mosque, located in the historical Hamar Weyne district of Mogadishu, Banaadir in Somalia.

Hamar Weyne, Mogadishu
Hamar Weyne Neighbourhood (Somali: Xamar Weyne) is a neighbourhood in the southeastern Banaadir region of Somalia. It includes a part of central Mogadishu. Hamar Weyne is the oldest settlement with in Mogadishu and up until 1938 the city of Mogadishu was made up of Shingani and Hamar Weyne.Somali word "xamar" means tamarind tree.
Wilson Bar USFS Airport
Wilson Bar USFS Airport (FAA LID: C48, formerly ID76) is a public-use U.S. Forest Service airport located eight nautical miles (9 mi, 15 km) south of the central business district of Dixie, in Idaho County, Idaho, United States. It is owned by the Nez Perce National Forest.

Dixie, Idaho County, Idaho
Dixie is an unincorporated community in Idaho County, Idaho, United States, located 43 miles (69 km) east-northeast of Riggins.  Dixie was an important gateway to the Thunder Mountain Mines of Idaho during the early 1900s when Dixie was on the northern terminus of the Three Blaze Trail, a shortcut route to the mines via Campbell's Ferry, and what is now the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness, Chamberlain Basin, and southward to the mining community of Roosevelt, located on Monumental Creek.
N3 (South Africa)
The N3 is a national route in South Africa that connects Johannesburg and Durban, respectively South Africa's largest and third-largest cities. Johannesburg is the financial and commercial heartland of South Africa, while Durban is South Africa's key port and one of the busiest ports in the Southern Hemisphere and is also a holiday destination.  Durban is the port through which Johannesburg imports and exports most of its goods. As a result, the N3 is a very busy highway and has a high volume of traffic.

Mooi River (town)
Mooi River (Zulu: eMpafana, Afrikaans: Mooirivier) is a small town situated at 1,389 m above sea level and 160 km from the coast in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The first European settlement in the area was at Mooi River Drift in 1852. This was formally named Weston in 1866 after the first Governor of Natal, Martin West.
Barstow-Daggett Airport
Barstow-Daggett Airport (IATA: DAG, ICAO: KDAG, FAA LID: DAG) is a county-owned public airport in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is five miles (8 km) east of Daggett and 14 miles (23 km) east of Barstow. Built in 1933, it is the oldest of the six airports operated by San Bernardino County.

Daggett, California
Daggett is an unincorporated town located in San Bernardino County, California, in the United States. The town is located on Interstate 40, ten miles (16 km) east of Barstow, at an elevation of approximately 2,000 feet (610 m). The town has a population of about 200. The ZIP code is 92327 and the community is inside area code 760.
William A. Egan
William Allen Egan (October 8, 1914 – May 6, 1984) was an American Democratic politician. He served as the first governor of Alaska from January 3, 1959, to 1966 and 1970 to 1974, as well as a shadow U.S. senator from Alaska Territory from 1956 to 1959. Born in Valdez, Alaska, Egan is one of only two governors in the state's history (along with Bill Walker) to have been born in Alaska. He was the Democratic nominee in the first five gubernatorial elections (1958, 1962, 1966, 1970, and 1974).

1966 Alaska gubernatorial election
The 1966 Alaska gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1966, for the post of Governor of Alaska. Republican challenger Wally Hickel narrowly defeated incumbent Democratic governor William A. Egan, falling just 3 votes short of an overall majority. Hickel had defeated former State House Speaker Bruce B. Kendall and former Territorial Governor Mike Stepovich for the Republican nomination, while Egan was challenged in the Democratic primary by former House Speaker Wendell P. Kay.
Adam Ebbin
Adam Paul Ebbin (born November 10, 1963) is an American politician who served as the state senator from the 39th District of the Virginia Senate since from 2024 until his resignation in 2026. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously represented the 30th Senate District from 2012 to 2024 and served in the Virginia House of Delegates from the 49th District from 2004 to 2012. In January 2026, Ebbin announced he intended to resign his seat to take up a position as senior advisor with the Virginia Cannabis Control Authority.

As an openly gay man, Ebbin has made history several times through his electoral success. In 2003, he became the first out LGBT person elected to the Virginia House of Delegates and the Virginia General Assembly. In 2011 he became the first out LGBT person elected to the Virginia Senate.

Ebbin was one of four LGBT people serving in the Virginia General Assembly (alongside Mark Sickles, Dawn Adams, and Danica Roem).

Cannabis in Virginia
Cannabis in Virginia is legal for medical use and recreational use. The first medical marijuana dispensary opened in August 2020, and adult recreational use became legalized in July 2021.

In April 2020, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam approved a bill to decriminalize simple marijuana possession, which took effect July 2020. In February 2021, both houses of Virginia's General Assembly passed legislation to fully legalize cannabis, with an effective date of 2024. The law allows adults aged 21 and over to possess up to 1 ounce (28 g) of marijuana, to cultivate up to four plants per household, as well as sharing of marijuana where there is no commercial transaction. Virginia is the first state in the southern United States to legalize cannabis.
Clarke Estate
The Clarke Estate is a historic mansion in Santa Fe Springs, California, U.S.. It was built from 1919 to 1921 for Chauncey Clarke and his wife, Marie Rankin Clarke. It was designed by architect Irving Gill. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 4, 1990.

Irving Gill
Irving John Gill (April 26, 1870 – October 7, 1936), was an American architect, known professionally as Irving J. Gill. He did most of his work in Southern California, especially in San Diego and Los Angeles. He is considered a pioneer of the modern movement in architecture. Twelve of his buildings throughout Southern California are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and many others are designated as historic by local governments.