hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Pearl (magazine)
The Pearl: A Magazine of Facetiae and Voluptuous Reading  was a pornographic monthly magazine issued in London during the mid-Victorian period by William Lazenby. It was closed down by the British authorities for violating contemporary standards of obscenity.

William Lazenby
William Lazenby (died c. 1888) was an English publisher of pornography active in the 1870s and 1880s. He used the aliases Duncan Cameron and Thomas Judd. His notable publications include magazines  The Pearl, which published poems thought to have been written by Algernon Charles Swinburne, The Oyster, The Boudoir and The Cremorne He also published such books as The Romance of Lust, Randiana, or Excitable Tales, The Birchen Bouquet (1881), The Romance of Chastisement (1883), The Pleasures of Cruelty (1886) and The Sins of the Cities of the Plain.  He was an associate of Edward Avery and Leonard Smithers. He was prosecuted in 1871 and again in 1881.

After the Post Office (Protection) Act 1884, Lazenby together with other publishers such as Edward Avery, Charles Carrington, and Harry Sidney Nichols, moved much of their business to Paris to sell in the United Kingdom by mail order.
1998 Colombian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Colombia on 31 May 1998, with a second round on 21 June. Although Horacio Serpa of the Liberal Party received the most votes in the first round, the result was a victory for Andrés Pastrana Arango of the Great Alliance for Change, who received 50.3% of the vote in the run-off.

Andrés Pastrana Arango
Andrés Pastrana Arango (born 17 August 1954) is a Colombian politician who was President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who was president from 1970 to 1974.
Yus
Little yus (Ѧ, ѧ; italics: Ѧ, ѧ) and big yus (Ѫ, ѫ; italics: Ѫ, ѫ), or jus, are letters of the Cyrillic script representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. Each can occur in iotated form (Ѩ ѩ, Ѭ ѭ), formed as ligatures with the decimal i (І). Other yus letters like the closed little yus (Ꙙ ꙙ), iotated closed little yus (Ꙝ ꙝ) and blended yus (Ꙛ ꙛ), are also used.

Phonetically, little yus represents a nasalized front vowel, possibly [ɛ̃] (like the French ‘in’ in “cinq” or Polish 'ę' in “kęs”), while big yus represents a nasalized back vowel, such as IPA [ɔ̃] (like the French ‘on’ in “bombon” or Polish 'ą' in “kąt”). This is also suggested by the appearance of each as a 'stacked' digraph of 'Am' and 'Om' respectively.

The names of the letters do not imply capitalization, as both little and big yus exist in majuscule and minuscule variants.

Ligature (writing)
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. Examples are the characters ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩ used in English and French, in which the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the first ligature and the letters ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined for the second ligature. For stylistic and legibility reasons, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨i⟩ are often merged to create ⟨ﬁ⟩ (where the tittle on the ⟨i⟩ merges with the hood of the ⟨f⟩); the same is true of ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ to create ⟨ﬆ⟩. The common ampersand, ⟨&⟩, developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨t⟩ (spelling et, Latin for 'and') were combined.
Silly Putty
Silly Putty is a toy containing silicone polymers that has unusual physical properties. It can flow like a liquid, bounce and can be stretched or broken depending on the amount of physical stress to which it is subjected. It contains viscoelastic liquid silicones, a type of non-Newtonian fluid, which makes it act as a viscous liquid over a long period of time but as an elastic solid over a short time period. It was originally created during research into a potential rubber substitute for use by the United States in World War II.

The name Silly Putty is a trademark of Crayola LLC. Other names are used to market similar substances from other manufacturers.

Silicone
A silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer composed of repeating units of siloxane (−O−SiR2−O−SiR2−, where "R" stands for an organic group).  They are typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances.  Silicones are used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medicine, cooking utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation. Some common forms include silicone oil, grease, rubber, resin, and caulk.  From the chemical perspective, silicones are unusual because they feature inorganic backbones, composed only of Si and O, but they have properties of organic polymers. They represent one of the main applications of organosilicon chemistry.

Silicone is often confused with one of its constituent elements, silicon.  Silicon, a hard gray solid, is  used to make integrated circuits ("electronic chips") and solar cells. In contrast, silicones, which tend to be electrical insulators, are often colorless oils or rubbery resin.
Yousif Aljamal
Yousif B. Aljamal Jr. (born in Pampanga on June 14, 1983) is a Filipino former professional basketball player who last played for the GlobalPort Batang Pier in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He is also a former NCAA Most Valuable Player for its 82nd season with the San Beda Red Lions.

NorthPort Batang Pier
The NorthPort Batang Pier were a Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) team that first played in the 2012–13 PBA season. The team took over the franchise of the Powerade Tigers in 2012 after it was sold to Sultan 900 Capital, Inc. Besides NorthPort, team owner Mikee Romero also co-owned the AirAsia Philippine Patriots of the ASEAN Basketball League. The franchise was bought by Pureblends Corporation in 2025, converting the team into the Titan Ultra Giant Risers.
Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
Following the 1917 February Revolution in Russia, all legal restrictions on Russian Jews were lifted. However, the previous legacy of antisemitism was continued and furthered by the Soviet state, especially under Joseph Stalin. After 1948, antisemitism reached new heights in the Soviet Union, especially during the anti-cosmopolitan campaign, in which numerous Yiddish-writing poets, writers, painters and sculptors were arrested or killed. This campaign culminated in the so-called doctors' plot, in which a group of doctors (almost all of whom were Jewish) were subjected to a show trial for supposedly having plotted to assassinate Stalin. Although repression eased after Stalin's death, persecution of Jews would continue until the late 1980s (see: refuseniks).

Valery Yemelyanov
Valery Nikolayevich Yemelyanov (Russian: Валерий Николаевич Емельянов; 24 May 1929 – 9 May 1999) was a Soviet-Russian Arabist and public figure, teacher of Arabic and Hebrew, and candidate of economic sciences.

Yemelyanov was a member of the so-called "anti-Zionist circle", which was part of the Russian nationalist movement in the USSR, which became known as the "Russian party". He was one of the founders of Russian neo-paganism, a representative of the "first wave" of the Russian neo-pagan movement, the creator of a pseudo-historical concept of the ancient civilization of the "Aryo-Veneti", and an author of antisemitic ideas. He was the founder and chairman of World Anti-Zionist and Anti-Masonic Front (VASAMF) "Pamyat" (the neo-pagan wing of the far-right Pamyat society) and author of the books Dezionization and Jewish Nazism and the Asiatic Mode of Production. He was one of the most notable "anti-Zionists" in the Soviet Union.
Narrow-billed tody
The narrow-billed tody (Todus angustirostris) is a species of bird in the family Todidae. It is one of two Todus species endemic to Hispaniola, a Caribbean island shared by the Dominican Republic and Haiti.

Tody
The todies are a family, Todidae, of tiny Caribbean birds in the order Coraciiformes, which also includes the kingfishers, bee-eaters and rollers. The family has one living genus, Todus, and one genus known from the fossil record, Palaeotodus.
Joseph Tukalskyi-Nelyubovych
Joseph Tukalskyi-Nelyubovych, (Ukrainian: Йосип Тукальський-Нелюбович; born Nenkovychi or Mutvytsia, Brest Litovsk Voivodeship, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, died 26 July 1675, Chyhyryn) was a political and religious leader of the Cossack Hetmanate and the last Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Rus in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Petro Doroshenko
Petro Dorofiiovych Doroshenko (Old Ukrainian: Петро / Петръ Дорошен(ъ)ко, modern Ukrainian: Петро Дорофійович Дорошенко; 1627–1698) was a Cossack political and military leader, Hetman of right-bank Ukraine (1665–1672) and a Russian voivode.
Eberhard Schlotter
Eberhard Schlotter (3 June 1921 – 8 September 2014) worked as an international painter in Spain and Germany. He is the brother of the sculptor Gotthelf Schlotter (1922–2007).

Schlotter was born in Hildesheim, eldest son of the sculptor Heinrich Schlotter, was private at the Second World War, studying later on in Munich. In 1955, he made acquaintance with Arno Schmidt - which resulted in many pictures of the famous novelist and the village he lived in, Bargfeld. He died in 2014 at Altea, Alicante, Spain.

Hildesheim
Hildesheim is a city in Lower Saxony, north-central Germany. With a population of over 100,000, it is located southeast of Hanover on the Innerste river, a tributary of the Leine.

The first settlement was created in 815 by Emperor Louis the Pious, who established the Diocese of Hildesheim. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, and in 2015 the city and diocese celebrated their 1200th anniversary.
Filter on a set
In mathematics, a filter on a set is a family of subsets which is closed under supersets and finite intersections. The concept originates in topology, where the neighborhoods of a point form a filter on the space. Filters were introduced by Henri Cartan in 1937 and, as described in the article dedicated to filters in topology, they were subsequently used by Nicolas Bourbaki in their book Topologie Générale as an alternative to the related notion of a net developed in 1922 by E. H. Moore and Herman L. Smith. They have also found applications in model theory and set theory.

Filters on a set were later generalized to order filters. Specifically, a filter on a set  is an order filter on the power set of  ordered by inclusion.

The notion dual to a filter is an ideal. Ultrafilters are a particularly important subclass of filters.

Family of sets
In set theory and related branches of mathematics, family or collection is used to mean set, indexed set, multiset, tuple, or class. It is usually used in phrases like "family of sets" because if one instead uses "set of sets" then the subsequent use of "set" can be confusing as to whether it is the containing set or one of the member sets. A common use is "family of subsets of some set S". A family of sets is also called a set family or a set system. A finite family of subsets of a finite set  is also called a hypergraph. The subject of extremal set theory concerns the largest and smallest examples of families of sets satisfying certain restrictions.
Burr Truss
The Burr Arch Truss—or, simply, Burr Truss or Burr Arch—is a combination of an arch and a multiple kingpost truss design. It was invented in 1804 by Theodore Burr, patented on April 3, 1817, and used in bridges, usually covered bridges.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Empress Wenxianzhaosheng
Empress Wenxianzhaosheng (Chinese: 文獻昭聖皇后; pinyin: Wénxiànzhāoshèng Huánghòu, died before 1329) was mother of Jayaatu Khan (Emperor Wenzong), emperor of the Yuan dynasty of China. She was an ethnic Tangut and a concubine of Külüg Khan. She gave birth to the future Jayaatu Khan in 1304.

Her given name is unknown. Her posthumous name "Emperor Wenxian Zhaosheng" was accorded by her son in 1329.

Külüg Khan
Külüg Khan (Mongolian: Хүлэг Хаан; Mongolian script: ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠭ; Chinese: 曲律汗), born Khayishan (Mongolian: Хайсан ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠᠩ; Chinese: 海山, Mongolian: Хайсан, meaning "wall"), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Wuzong of Yuan (Chinese: 元武宗; pinyin: Yuán Wǔzōng; Wade–Giles: Wu-Tsung) (August 4, 1281 – January 27, 1311), was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty of China. Apart from being the Emperor of China, he is regarded as the seventh Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire. His regnal name "Külüg Khan" means "warrior Khan" or "fine horse Khan" in the Mongolian language.
Lapel pin
A lapel pin, also known as an enamel pin, is a small pin worn on clothing, often on the lapel of a jacket, attached to a bag, or displayed on a piece of fabric. Lapel pins can be decorative, or can indicate the wearer's affiliation with a cause or an organization, such as a fraternal order or religious order; in the case of a chivalric order, the lapel pin is in the form of a rosette. Before the popularity of wearing lapel pins, boutonnières were worn.

Pins are often collected and traded.

Brooch
A brooch (/ˈbroʊtʃ/, also US: /ˈbruːtʃ/) is a decorative jewellery item designed to be attached to garments, often to fasten them together. It is usually made of metal, often silver or gold or some other material. Brooches are frequently decorated with enamel or with gemstones and may be solely for ornament or serve a practical function as a clothes fastener. The earliest known brooches are from the Bronze Age. As fashions in brooches changed rather quickly, they are important chronological indicators. In archaeology, ancient European brooches are usually referred to by the Latin term fibula. One example is the Tara Brooch.
2012 AFL Grand Final
The 2012 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and the Sydney Swans at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 29 September 2012. It was the 117th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2012 AFL season. The match, attended by 99,683 spectators, was won by Sydney by 10 points, marking the club's fifth VFL/AFL premiership victory. Sydney's Ryan O'Keefe was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.

Lewis Roberts-Thomson
Lewis Roberts-Thomson (born 8 September 1983) is a former Australian Rules Football player, who played for the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League. He has been colloquially known to fans and commentators as either "LRT" or the "Hyphenator".
Lordi's Square
Lordi's Square (Finnish: Lordin aukio, known as the Sampo Square until 2006) is a square in central Rovaniemi, Finland. Next to the square are located a shopping centre called Sampokeskus and a small boulevard. The square is especially popular in summer as a venue for various events.

Formerly known as the Sampo Square, the square was renamed the Lordi's Square in June 2006 in honour of Lordi's victory in the 2006 Eurovision Song Contest. On 9 June 2006, the square held a folk party, where Lordi also appeared. All members of Lordi have been appointed honorary citizens of Rovaniemi.

Lordi
Lordi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈloːrdi]) is a Finnish rock band from Rovaniemi. The band was formed in 1992 by the band's lead singer, songwriter and costume maker Mr Lordi (Tomi Petteri Putaansuu), and are known for wearing monster masks and using horror elements with pyrotechnics during concerts and music videos. The band rose to fame in 2002 with their hit single "Would You Love a Monsterman?", and won the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with their song "Hard Rock Hallelujah".

Lordi has toured and recorded actively since 2002, and Mr Lordi upgrades the band's costumes and masks for each album. The band has gone through several line-up changes with Mr Lordi being the only consistent member of the band since their foundation. Members of Lordi have stated their desire for their unmasked faces to remain private.
Katarzyna
Katarzyna [kataˈʐɨna] is a Polish given name, equivalent to English "Catherine". Its diminutive forms include  Kasia, Katarzynka, Kasieńka, Kasiunia, Kasiulka; augmentative – Kaśka, Kacha, Kachna.

Individuals named Katarzyna may choose their name day from the following dates: February 2, February 13, March 9, March 22, March 24, April 1, April 6, April 17, April 29, April 30, May 21, September 4, September 15, November 25, or December 31.

Katherine
Katherine (/kæθərɪn/), also spelled Catherine and other variations, is a feminine given name. The name and its variants are popular in countries where large Christian populations exist, because of its associations with one of the earliest Christian saints, Catherine of Alexandria.

In the early Christian era it came to be associated with the Greek adjective καθαρός (katharos), meaning 'pure'. This influenced the name's English spelling, giving rise to variants Katharine and Catharine. The spelling with a middle 'a' was more common in the past. Katherine, with a middle 'e', was first recorded in England in 1196 after being brought back from the Crusades.
Hopkinton (CDP), Rhode Island
Hopkinton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States, comprising the central village in the town of Hopkinton. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. The village is also known as Hopkinton City, and the center of the village comprises the Hopkinton City Historic District.

Hopkinton village is on the western edge of Washington County, in the west-central part of the town of Hopkinton. Its western border is the Connecticut state line. Rhode Island Route 3 passes through the center of the village, leading northeast 4 miles (6 km) to Hope Valley, the largest village in the town of Hopkinton, and south 3 miles (5 km) to Ashaway, the second-largest village. Interstate 95 runs through the southeastern part of the Hopkinton CDP, with access from Exit 1 with Route 3 between Hopkinton village and Ashaway. I-95 leads northeast 36 miles (58 km) to Providence, the state capital, and southwest 19 miles (31 km) to New London, Connecticut.

Washington County, Rhode Island
Washington County, known to Rhode Islanders as South County, is a county located in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,839. Rhode Island counties have no governmental functions other than as court administrative boundaries, which are part of the state government.
Chad Simpson (author)
Chad Simpson is a short and flash fiction author from Monmouth, Illinois, United States. He is the winner of the 2012 John Simmons Short Fiction Award, juried by Jim Shepard. His short story collection, "Tell Everyone I Said Hi," was published by the University of Iowa Press in fall 2012.

He has written numerous stories that have appeared in multiple literary magazines. His flash story "Let x" won the second annual Micro Award in 2009.  "Let x" originally appeared in Esquire.com. Simpson earned a B.A. from Monmouth College in 1998 and a M.F.A. from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale in 2005.  He also is the author of a chapbook, "Phantoms," published in April 2010 by Origami Zoo Press. He is currently an associate professor of English at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, where he received the college's distinguished teaching award in 2010.

Monmouth College
Monmouth College is a private Presbyterian liberal arts college in Monmouth, Illinois, United States. It enrolls 727 students in Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degree programs including a four-year nursing program and four-year electrical engineering and mechanical engineering programs.
Thomas Stiles
Thomas Stiles or Styles (fl. 1642–1662) of Walton in the parish of Paston, Northamptonshire, was a captain in the Royalist army during the English Civil War. He was governor of Crowland in 1642–1643 and after a time as a prisoner, commander of a troop of horse based at Belvoir Castle.

Crowland
Crowland (modern usage) or Croyland (medieval era name and the one still in ecclesiastical use; cf. Latin: Croilandia) is a town and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated between Peterborough and Spalding. Crowland contains two sites of historical interest, Crowland Abbey and Trinity Bridge.
Vic Frank
Vic Frank (April 4, 1927 – April 6, 2010) was an American athlete. He competed in the men's discus throw at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

He competed at the 1953 Maccabiah Games.

Competing for the Yale Bulldogs track and field team, Frank won the 1949 NCAA Track and Field Championships in the discus throw.

1953 Maccabiah Games
Eight hundred ninety athletes representing 23 countries competed in the 1953 4th Maccabiah Games, held September 20 to 29, in 18 branches of sports.

Israeli President Itzhak Ben-Zvi opened the Games at Ramat Gan Stadium in Tel Aviv District, in front of a crowd of 50,000. American Olympic wrestling champion Henry Wittenburg carried the US flag for Team USA. At the closing ceremony Prime Minister David Ben Gurion addressed the collected athletes, saying: "Come back to us for the next Maccabiah, and bring along representatives of Romania, Hungary, and Russia," as a crowd of 50,000 cheered.
Weiss (river)
The Weiss is a river in the Haut-Rhin department, northeastern France. It rises in the Vosges Mountains near the Lac Blanc and joins the river Fecht (a tributary of the Ill) near Bennwihr, north of Colmar, after a course of 24 kilometres (15 mi). It flows through Orbey and Kaysersberg.

Vosges
The Vosges (/voʊʒ/ VOHZH, French: [voʒ] ⓘ; German: Vogesen [voˈɡeːzn̩] ⓘ; Franconian and Alemannic German: Vogese) is a range of medium mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single geomorphological unit and low mountain range of around 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi) in area. It runs in a north-northeast direction from the Burgundian Gate (the Belfort–Ronchamp–Lure line) to the Börrstadt Basin (the Winnweiler–Börrstadt–Göllheim line), and forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain.

The Grand Ballon is the highest peak at 1,424 m (4,672 ft), followed by the Storkenkopf (1,366 m, 4,482 ft), and the Hohneck (1,364 m, 4,475 ft).
The Wonderful World of the Young
"The Wonderful World of the Young" is a song written by Sid Tepper and Roy C. Bennett, and first recorded by American singer Andy Williams, whose version reached No. 99 on the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1962. The following month, a version by British singer Danny Williams was more successful, peaking at No. 8 on the UK Singles Chart.

Other versions have been recorded by Lawrence Welk, Phil Tate, and John Treacy Egan.

Danny Williams (singer)
Danny Williams (7 January 1942 – 6 December 2005) was a South African-born British pop singer who earned the nickname "Britain's Johnny Mathis", for his smooth and stylish way with a ballad.  He is best known for his 1961 UK number one version of "Moon River" and his 1964 U.S. top ten hit, "White on White".