hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parens scientiarum
Parens scientiarum (Latin for "The Mother of Sciences") is the incipit designating a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory IX on April 13, 1231, after the University of Paris strike of 1229. The bull assured the independence and self-governance of the University of Paris, where the pope had studied theology.

Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.

He worked initially as a cardinal, and after becoming the successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy.
Henry Samman
Sir Henry Samman, 1st Baronet (14 July 1849 – 7 March 1928) was an English shipowner.

Samman began his career as an apprentice on a tea clipper sailing between London and India. He rose to become owner of the Hull-based Henry Samman & Co and managing director of the Deddington Steamship Company. He was chairman of the shipping section of Hull Chamber of Commerce and represented it on the Executive Council of the Chamber of Shipping. He was also a member of the Executive of the Shipping Federation and an Elder Brother of Trinity House.

Samman was created a baronet in the 1921 New Year Honours. He died in Cimiez, Nice, France, at the age of 78 and was succeeded by his son, Harry.

The Sir Henry Samman Endowment Fund was set up in 1917 to encourage the study of business methods and languages. The Fund's trustees operate under the auspices of the Hull and Humber Chamber of Commerce.

1921 New Year Honours
The New Year Honours 1921 were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 31 December 1920.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
2025 AFC U-20 Asian Cup
The 2025 AFC U-20 Asian Cup was the 42nd edition of the AFC U-20 Asian Cup (including previous editions of the AFC Youth Championship and AFC U-19 Championship), the biennial international youth football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for the men's under-20 national teams of Asia.

On 24 May 2024, the AFC announced that China would host the tournament. 
It was the first of three consecutive AFC U-20 Asian Cups to be held in China, preceding the 2027 and 2029 tournaments.

A total of 16 teams played in the tournament. The top four teams qualified for the 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Chile as the AFC representatives.

Uzbekistan were the title holders, having won the title in 2023. They were eliminated on penalties by South Korea in the quarter-finals. Australia clinched their first major youth title since joining the AFC, overcoming three-time winners Saudi Arabia on penalties.

Uzbekistan national under-20 football team
The Uzbekistan national under-20 football team represents Uzbekistan in international under-20 football competitions. It is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association and is a member of the Asian Football Confederation.
Girl Picture
Girl Picture (Finnish: Tytöt tytöt tytöt, lit. 'girls girls girls') is a 2022 Finnish coming-of-age film directed by Alli Haapasalo from a screenplay by Ilona Ahti and Daniela Hakulinen. It premiered at the 2022 Sundance Film Festival where it won the Audience Award in the World Dramatic Competition. It was released in Finland on 14 April 2022.

2022 Sundance Film Festival
The 2022 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 20 to 30, 2022. Due to COVID-19 pandemic protocol, it was initially intended to be an in-person/virtual hybrid festival, but on January 5, 2022, it was announced that the in-person components would be scrapped in favor of a wholly virtual festival due to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The first lineup of competition films was announced on December 9, 2021.
Norfolk Regional Airport
Norfolk Regional Airport (IATA: OFK, ICAO: KOFK, FAA LID: OFK) (Karl Stefan Memorial Field) is four miles southwest of Norfolk, in Madison County, Nebraska. The airport is named for Karl Stefan, a local newspaper editor and radio announcer who served several terms in the United States Congress. Until March 2011 it was known as Karl Stefan Memorial Airport. The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility. Federal Aviation Administration records say Norfolk had 1,709 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2001, 1,139 enplanments in 2002, 1,254 in 2003, and 672 in 2004.

Karl Stefan
Karl Stefan (March 1, 1884 – October 2, 1951) was a Czech-American politician, newspaper editor, publisher, and radio commentator from Nebraska. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Nebraska's 3rd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1935 to 1951.
No Fixed Address (band)
No Fixed Address (NFA) are an Australian reggae rock group whose members are all Aboriginal Australians, mostly from South Australia. The band formed in 1979, split in 1984, with several brief reformations or guest appearances in 1987–1988 and 2008, before reuniting in 2016 and continuing to perform into 2024. The original members were  Bart Willoughby, Les Graham (aka Leslie Lovegrove), Ricky Harrison, John Miller, and Veronica Rankine. As of 2024 the members are Willoughby, Harrison, Tjimba Possum Burns, and Sean Moffat. They were the first Aboriginal band to travel overseas. They have been inducted into the Hall of Fame at the inaugural National Indigenous Music Awards as well as the SA Music Hall of Fame, and have had a laneway in Adelaide CBD named after them.

Ross Hannaford
Ross Andrew Hannaford (1 December 1950 – 8 March 2016) was an Australian musician, active in numerous local bands.  He was often referred to by his nickname "Hanna". Widely regarded as one of the country's finest rock guitarists, he was best known for his long collaboration with singer-songwriter Ross Wilson, which began as teenagers, with The Pink Finks and forming the seminal early '70s Australian rock band Daddy Cool. Hannaford died of cancer after being diagnosed a year earlier.
The Siege of Meaux
The Siege of Meaux is a 1794 historical tragedy by the English writer Henry James Pye. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden on 19 May 1794. It is set around the fighting at Meaux in the wake of the Battle of Poitiers during the Hundred Years War. The original cast included William Farren as Duke of Orleans, Alexander Pope as Baron St Pol, Joseph George Holman as Earl of Douglas, James Middleton as Captal De Buche, George Davies Harley as Dubois and Elizabeth Pope as Matilda.

James Middleton (actor)
James Middleton (c.1769–1799) was an Irish stage actor. He was born in Dublin as James Magan, the son of a surgeon. He was originally intended for a career in medicine, but chose to take up acting again. He made his debut at the Theatre Royal, Bath on 31 January 1888 in Othello, his voice being compared to Spranger Barry, and adopted his stage name soon afterwards. The same year he appeared at Covent Garden in London but his free-spending and unpredictable behaviour led to him being released at the end of the season. His wife also died around this time, but he rebuilt his career at Crow Street Theatre in his native Dublin and also appeared in Waterford, Cork and Belfast.  In 1793 he was rehired by Covent Garden and established himself as a major figure in the company over the following three seasons. However his heavy drinking led to him again being dismissed in 1796, briefly returned to Dublin, and then was engaged at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He died while intoxicated in 1799.
Lake Claiborne State Park
Lake Claiborne State Park is a recreation site located in Claiborne Parish, northwestern Louisiana, USA. It was opened in 1974 and is 643 acres (2.60 km2) in size. The park provides access to scenic Lake Claiborne, a 6,400-acre (26 km2) man-made water body formed by damming Bayou D'Arbonne.  Guests may stay at 10 cabins and 89 campsites (67 improved, 20 premium, 2 unimproved) on the Park grounds. Boats and canoes are available to rent. There is a large swimming beach, boat launch, Nature Center and numerous interpretive programs. The entrance to Lake Claiborne State Park is located 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Homer on Louisiana Highway 146.

The park was designed by the late architect Hugh G. Parker, Jr., of Bastrop, Louisiana.

Lake Claiborne
Lake Claiborne is a reservoir located near the town of Homer, Louisiana, United States. Isolated in a rural area, it is a popular man-made fishing area that has a combined estimated area of 6,400 acres (26 km2). Lake Claiborne State Park, a Louisiana state maintained camping and recreation area, lies on southern shore of the lake.  The state park also offers two world class disc golf courses.

The lake was created by the construction of Clairborne Lock and Dam by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1970.  The lock is for water management and navigation; no hydroelectric power is produced here.  The dam was built during the terms of Governors Jimmie Davis and John McKeithen.
Chandouk
Chandouk also known as Chandok, is a town in Bijnor district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It has a railway station named Chandok railway station, a police station, and a government hospital. The Adarsh Gramin Inter College and the Kishori Lal Sharma Institute of Engineering and Technology are located in the town.

Bijnor district
Bijnor district (Hindi pronunciation: [bɪd͡ʒ.n̪ɔːɾ]) is one of the 75 districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Bijnor city is the district headquarters. The government of Nagar Palika Parishad Bijnor Uttar Pradesh seeks its inclusion in National Capital Region (NCR) due to its close proximity to NCT of Delhi.

Bijnor is notable for its sugarcane production and sugar mills, with two of the top five sugar mills of India situated in the district.
Sweetognathus
Sweetognathus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Sweetognathidae that evolved at the beginning of the Permian period (298.9 Ma), in near-equatorial, shallow-water seas.

The genus is characterized by pustulose ornamentation on a wide, flat-topped carina. It originated in the earliest Permian as S. expansus from Diplognathodus edentulus. Sweetognathus forms a species complex. The genus is named after paleontologist Walter C. Sweet.

Recurrent parallel species pairs have occurred throughout Sweetognathus evolution between populations originating in Bolivia, the Midwestern United States, and Russia. Parallelisms have been found to occur in the denticle morphologies of their platform elements.

Walter C. Sweet
Walter C. Sweet  (17 October 1927 in Denver, Colorado – 4 December 2015 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American paleontologist.

He was a Chief Panderer of the Pander Society, an informal organisation founded in 1967 for the promotion of the study of conodont palaeontology.

In 1984, he was president of the Paleontological Society, an international organisation devoted to the promotion of paleontology.

In 1979, he described the conodont genus Culumbodina. In 1988, he described the conodont order Proconodontida and the conodont family Gnathodontidae.
The Richmond News Leader
The Richmond News Leader was an afternoon daily newspaper published in Richmond, Virginia from 1888 to 1992. During much of its run, it was the largest newspaper source in Richmond, competing with the morning Richmond Times-Dispatch. By the late 1960s, afternoon papers had been steadily losing their audiences to television, and The News Leader was no exception. Its circulation at one time exceeded 200,000, but at the time of its closing, it had fallen below 80,000.

Notable alumni of the newspaper included historian and biographer Douglas Southall Freeman, future television journalist Roger Mudd, conservative commentator James Kilpatrick, and editorial cartoonist Jeff MacNelly. During its run, it garnered a reputation as being one of the most politically conservative newspapers in the United States.

Jeff MacNelly
Jeffrey Kenneth MacNelly (September 17, 1947 – June 8, 2000) was an American editorial cartoonist and the creator of the comic strip Shoe. After Shoe had been established in papers, MacNelly created the single-panel strip Pluggers. The Wall Street Journal wrote: "MacNelly's superb draftsmanship as well as his heightened sense of the ridiculous is in the vanguard of a new generation of American cartoonists."
Iva Prandzheva
Iva Prandzheva (Bulgarian: Ива Пранджева, born 15 February 1972 in Plovdiv) is a former Bulgarian athlete who was successful in both long jump and triple jump. She had to retire from athletics in 2000 after she was caught doping for the second time and was subsequently banned for life.

Her best performance came at the 1995 World Championships where she won a silver medal jumping 15.18 metres, a personal best. The winner of the event, Inessa Kravets, set a new world record (15.50 metres) which stands until 2021.

Prandzheva competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, but failed a blood drug test testing positive to Methandrostenolone and was banned for two years. She came back after the ban and qualified for the 2000 Summer Olympics, but was caught doping again. This time she tested positive for the anabolic steroid Nandrolone and she was subsequently banned from sports for life.

She competed in Survivor BG 2009 and was both the Runner - Up and Main Antagonist.

Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's long jump
These are the official results of the Women's Long Jump event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There were a total of 50 competitors, with two non-starters. Iva Prandzheva from Bulgaria, ranking 7th with 6.82 was disqualified because of doping.
Burke's Tavern
Burke's Tavern is a historic inn and tavern located near Burkeville, Nottoway County, Virginia. It was built in 1731, and is a one-story
frame building set upon a ground-level brick basement. The building has a central hall, single pile plan. It features brick exterior end chimneys.  Near the end of the American Civil War in 1865, the Union Brigadier General Thomas Alfred Smyth of Delaware, wounded at the Battle of High Bridge was brought to the house, where he died on April 9.  Smythe was the last Union general to be killed in the war.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Thomas Alfred Smyth
Thomas Alfred Smyth (December 25, 1832 – April 9, 1865) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was the last Union general killed in the war. In March 1867, he was nominated and confirmed a brevet major general of volunteers posthumously to rank from April 7, 1865.
Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky
Prince Aleksey Borisovich Lobanov-Rostovsky (Russian: Алексе́й Бори́сович Лоба́нов-Росто́вский; 30 December [O.S. 18 December] 1824 in Voronezh Governorate – 30 August [O.S. 18 August] 1896) was a Russian statesman, probably best remembered for having concluded the Li-Lobanov Treaty with China, the Peace of Constantinople with the Ottoman Empire, and for his publication of the Russian Genealogical Book (in two volumes).

Li–Lobanov Treaty
The Li–Lobanov Treaty or the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty (Chinese: 中俄密約; Russian: Союзный договор между Российской империей и Китаем) was a secret and unequal treaty signed on June 3, 1896 in Moscow by foreign minister Alexey Lobanov-Rostovsky on behalf of the Russian Empire and viceroy Li Hongzhang on behalf of Qing China. The treaty and its consequences increased anti-foreign sentiment in China, which came to a head in the Boxer Uprising of 1900.

The contents of the agreement were made public only in 1922.
Everything Goes (film)
Everything Goes (stylized as everything goes) is a 2004 short film directed by Andrew Kotatko. It is based on the 1978 short story "Why Don't You Dance?" from Raymond Carver's 1981 collection What We Talk About When We Talk About Love. The film stars Hugo Weaving, Abbie Cornish and Sullivan Stapleton. Everything Goes won the award for Best Short Film at the 2004 Inside Film Awards and was the only Australian film selected for the prestigious Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival in 2005.

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love
What We Talk About When We Talk About Love is a 1981 collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver, as well as the title of one of the stories in the collection. Considered by many to be one of American literature's most ambitious short-story collections, it was this collection that turned Raymond Carver into a household name in the publishing industry.
Na Na Na (Dulce Niña)
"Na Na Na (Dulce Niña)" (English: "Na Na Na (Sweet Girl)"), also known as "Mi Dulce Niña" (English: "My Sweet Girl"), is a song by Mexican-American cumbia group A.B. Quintanilla y Los Kumbia Kings. It was released in 2005 as the third single from their fourth studio album Fuego (2005).

The song was covered in 2006 by the Argentinian cumbia artist Chilli Fernandez and his little brother, Nico Fernandez.

Pee Wee (singer)
Irvin Salinas (born December 8, 1988), known professionally as Pee Wee, is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. He was a former singer for the band Kumbia Kings and was a lead singer for Kumbia All Starz, both created by A.B. Quintanilla. In early 2008, he left Kumbia All Starz to become a solo artist. His debut studio album Yo Soy was released on August 11, 2009.
Brave Enough
Brave Enough is the third studio album by American electronic musician Lindsey Stirling, released independently on the imprint Lindseystomp Records on August 19, 2016. The album features guest vocalists Christina Perri, Carah Faye, Dan + Shay, ZZ Ward, Raja Kumari, Lecrae, Rivers Cuomo, Rooty and Andrew McMahon in the Wilderness. The album is composed of six instrumental tracks and eight tracks with featured vocalists.

Dan + Shay
Dan + Shay is an American country duo composed of vocalists and songwriters Dan Smyers and Shay Mooney. They are signed to Warner Records Nashville and have released six albums, Where It All Began, Obsessed, Dan + Shay, Good Things, Bigger Houses and It's Officially Christmas: The Double Album. Of their nine singles, five have topped the Country Airplay chart and three have topped the Hot Country Songs chart. The duo have collaborated with Justin Bieber, Charlie Puth, Rascal Flatts, Lindsey Stirling, RaeLynn, and Kelly Clarkson. From 2019 to 2021, the duo won three consecutive Grammy Awards for Best Country Duo/Group Performance for the songs "Tequila", "Speechless", and "10,000 Hours" (with Justin Bieber).
Intellidex
An Intellidex is a securities product created by and proprietary to the American Stock Exchange.  Intellidexes are created by analyzing groups of company shares and selecting specific stocks to include in an investment portfolio.  These portfolios range from narrow to broad in scope and are usually created based on criteria matching the company shares market as a whole, specific investment styles, or certain industry sectors.  Intellidexes and similar products are usually traded like normal listed or over-the-counter securities.

NYSE American
NYSE American, formerly known as the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), and more recently as NYSE MKT, is an American stock exchange situated in New York City. AMEX was previously a mutual organization, owned by its members. Until 1953, it was known as the New York Curb Exchange.

NYSE Euronext acquired AMEX on October 1, 2008, with AMEX integrated with the Alternext European small-cap exchange and renamed the NYSE Alternext U.S. In March 2009, NYSE Alternext U.S. was changed to NYSE Amex Equities.  On May 10, 2012, NYSE Amex Equities changed its name to NYSE MKT LLC.

Following the SEC approval of competing stock exchange IEX in 2016, NYSE MKT rebranded as NYSE American and introduced a 350-microsecond delay in trading, referred to as a "speed bump", which is also present on the IEX.
Franz Josef Niedenzu
Franz Josef Niedenzu (29 November 1857 – 30 September 1937) was a German botanist born in Köppernig. He is remembered for his work with the botanical family Malpighiaceae.

For most of his career he was a professor and subsequently rector at the Lyceum Hosianum in Braunsberg, East Prussia (presently Braniewo, Poland). At Braunsberg, he established a botanical garden.

He was author of the chapter on Malpighiaceae in Adolf Engler's "Das Pflanzenreich", and contributed descriptions of nine plant families in Engler and Prantl's "Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien". He identified numerous new species, as well as six genera; Alcoceratothrix (now Byrsonima), Callyntranthele (now Blepharandra), Cordobia, Diaspis (now Caucanthus), Malpighiodes, and Sprucina (now Jubelina).

In 2006, botanist W.R.Anderson published Niedenzuella, a genus of flowering plants from South America, belonging to the family Malpighiaceae and named in his honour.

Niedenzuella
Niedenzuella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malpighiaceae.

Its native range is Southern Tropical America. It is found in the countries of north-eastern Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

The genus name of Niedenzuella is in honour of Franz Josef Niedenzu (1857–1937), a German botanist born in Köppernig. He is remembered for his work with the botanical family Malpighiaceae. It was first described and published in Novon Vol.16 on page 194 in 2006.
Fulton Market Building
The Fulton Market Building is a renovated building that once housed the Fulton Fish Market, on Fulton Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. It served as the venue for the 2016 World Chess Championship.

World Chess Championship 2016
The World Chess Championship 2016 was a chess match between the reigning world champion Magnus Carlsen and the challenger Sergey Karjakin to determine the World Chess Champion. Carlsen had been world champion since 2013, while Karjakin qualified as challenger by winning the 2016 Candidates Tournament. The best-of-12 match, organized by FIDE and its commercial partner World Chess (former Agon), was played in New York City between 10 and 30 November 2016.

The match opened with seven consecutive draws before Karjakin won the eighth game. Carlsen evened the score by winning the tenth game. All other games were drawn, leaving the match at a 6–6 tie, so tie breaks decided the match. After two draws to begin the rapid chess tie break, Carlsen won the remaining two games to win the match and retain his title.