hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Plack Hammett
Louis Plack Hammett (April 7, 1894 – February 9, 1987) was an American physical chemist. He is known for the Hammett equation, which relates reaction rates to equilibrium constants for certain classes of organic reactions involving substituted aromatic compounds. He is also known for his research into superacids and his development of a scheme for comparing their acidities based on what is now known as the Hammett acidity function. The Curtin–Hammett principle bears his name.

The awards he obtained included the Priestley Medal in 1961, the Willard Gibbs Award in 1961, the National Medal of Science in 1967, and in 1975 the Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science.

Hammett grew up in Portland, Maine, and studied in Harvard and Switzerland. He earned his Ph.D. at Columbia University. He authored an influential textbook on physical organic chemistry, and is credited with coining the term.

Priestley Medal
The Priestley Medal is the highest honor conferred by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and is awarded for distinguished service in the field of chemistry. Established in 1922, the award is named after Joseph Priestley, one of the discoverers of oxygen, who immigrated to the United States of America in 1794.  The ACS formed in 1876, spearheaded by a group of chemists who had met two years previously in Priestley's home.

The Priestley Medal is among the most distinguished awards in the chemical sciences, behind the Wolf Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Consequently, it is commonly awarded to scientists who are advanced in their fields, as it is intended to commemorate lifetime achievement.  When the ACS started presenting the Priestley Medal in 1923, they intended to award it every three years.  This continued until 1944, when it became an annual award.
The Yellow Dogs
The Yellow Dogs were an Iranian-American rock band, formed in 2006. The band was formed in Tehran, and is now based in Brooklyn, New York.

Two of the band's founding members were brothers, Soroush (guitarist) and Arash (drummer) Farazmand; they were shot dead in Brooklyn on November 11, 2013, along with an associate Ali Eskandarian. The two surviving band members, Siavash "Obash" Karampour (vocalist) and Kourosh "Koory" Mirzaei (bass), who were not present when the shooting occurred.

No One Knows About Persian Cats
No One Knows About Persian Cats (Persian: کسی از گربه‌های ایرانی خبر نداره, romanized: Kasi az Gorbehaye Irani Khabar Nadareh) is a 2009 Iranian film directed by Bahman Ghobadi produced by Wild Bunch. The film offers the perspective of Iran as it explores its underground rock scene. It won the Special Jury Prize Ex-aequo in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.
Richard Mompesson
Sir Richard Mompesson (died 1627) was a member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Devizes in 1593.

His father was William Mompesson of Maiden Bradley, Wiltshire. From c. 1574 he was esquire of the royal stables. Mompesson married three times, first c. 1587 to Mary, widow of Edward Sutton, 4th Baron Dudley but born Mary Howard, daughter of William 1st Baron of Effingham and Margaret Gamage.

Mompessom was knighted in 1603 for minor services to James I but received no further advancement. He retired first to West Harnham, Salisbury, and then to that city's Cathedral Close, where he largely rebuilt the house later known as Arundells. (Elsewhere in the Close a descendant, Sir Thomas Mompesson, built Mompesson House, completed in the early 18th century.)

His splendid monument with effigies survives in Salisbury Cathedral.

Edward Sutton, 4th Baron Dudley
Edward Sutton, 4th Baron Dudley (circa 1515 – 12 July 1586). The oldest son and heir of John Sutton, 3rd Baron Dudley. He was an English nobleman and soldier. Contemporary sources also refer to him as Sir Edward Dudley.
John Preston Martin
John Preston Martin (October 11, 1811 – December 23, 1862) was a political figure in Kentucky in the early 19th century. He was born on October 11, 1811, near Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. He moved to Prestonsburg, Floyd County, Kentucky in 1828. He served in the State House of Representatives from 1841 through 1843.

Martin served in the 29th United States Congress from 1845 through 1847. He was not a candidate for renomination. He served in the Kentucky State Senate from 1855 through 1859, and was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1856. He died in Prestonsburg on December 23, 1862. He is buried in May Cemetery.

Lee County, Virginia
Lee County is the westernmost county in the U.S. Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,173. The 2024 population estimate for Lee County, Virginia, is 21,745. This is a decrease of 1.8% since the 2020 Census. The median age in the county is 45.4. Its county seat is Jonesville.

Lee County's westernmost tip is closer to 9 state capitals than it is to Richmond.
Mystery Giver
Mystery Giver (foaled April 29, 1998 in Illinois) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning three consecutive editions of the Fair Grounds Handicap at the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana. Trained by longtime trainer Richard Scherer, Mystery Giver set the track record at the Fair Grounds in the Mervin H. Muniz Jr. Memorial Handicap. Scherer continues to race horses at the Fair Grounds during the winter, while spending the rest of the year in Chicago at Arlington Park and Hawthorne Race Course.

Fair Grounds Stakes
The Fair Grounds Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for four-year-olds and older run over a distance of about 1+1⁄8 miles (9 furlongs) on the turf annually in mid-February at the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana.  It currently offers a purse of $175,000.
Boldre
Boldre is a village and civil parish in the New Forest district of Hampshire, England. It is in the south of the New Forest National Park, above the broadening (estuary) of the Lymington River, two miles (3 km) north of Lymington. In the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 1,931, and in the 2011 census, 2,003. The parish has a few campsites and a tourist caravan site, along with visitor parking around its mixed woodland and heath hamlet of Norley Wood.

Lymington River
The Lymington River drains part of the New Forest in Hampshire in southern England. Numerous headwaters to the west of Lyndhurst give rise to the river, including Highland Water, Bratley Water and Fletchers Water. From Brockenhurst the river runs southwards to the Solent at Lymington.

Highland Water rises north of the Ocknell Inclosure (SU243125) and flows for 10 km (6 mi) to Bolderford Bridge (SU291041) where it meets Ober Water. From there, it is known as the Lymington River and flows for a further 12 km (7 mi) to (SZ3493).
2021 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election
The 2021 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election was held on 26 September 2021 to elect the 8th Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The incumbent government is a coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Christian Democratic Union (CDU) led by Minister President Manuela Schwesig.

The SPD won a landslide plurality of almost 40% of votes, a nine percentage point increase from 2016. The opposition Alternative for Germany (AfD) remained the second largest party but declined to under 17%. The CDU recorded its worst ever result in the state with 13.3%, while The Left also declined to 10%. Alliance 90/The Greens and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) both won around 6% of votes and re-entered the Landtag after previously falling out in 2016 and 2011, respectively.

After the election, the SPD chose to form a coalition with The Left rather than renew their government with the CDU. Schwesig was re-elected as Minister-President on 15 November with 41 votes out of 79.

Manuela Schwesig
Manuela Schwesig (German pronunciation: [manuˈeːla ˈʃʋeːzɪç]; née Frenzel, born 23 May 1974) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party serving as Minister President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since 4 July 2017, becoming the first woman to serve in that post. Previously she served as Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth in the third cabinet of Angela Merkel from 2013 to 2017. She was President of the Bundesrat from 1 November 2023 to 31 October 2024.
Abbasa bint al-Mahdi
Abbasa bint al-Mahdi (Arabic: العباسة بنت المهدي, romanized: al-ʿAbbāsa; c. 765 – after 804) was a famous Abbasid princess. She was the daughter of Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi, sister of caliph Musa al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid.

Al-Hadi
Abū Muḥammad Mūsā ibn al-Mahdī al-Hādī (Arabic: أبو محمد موسى بن المهدي الهادي; 26 April 764 CE  – 14 September 786 CE) better known by his laqab al-Hādī (الهادي‎) was the fourth Abbasid caliph who succeeded his father al-Mahdi and ruled from 169 AH (785 CE) until his death in 170 AH (786 CE). His short reign ended with internal chaos and power struggles with his mother.
Mach 5 (song)
"Mach 5" is a song by the American alternative rock band The Presidents of the United States of America. It was released in 1996 as a single from their album II. The single reached #29 on the charts in the UK.

The song's lyrics describe the experience of a child playing violently with firecrackers and Matchbox cars while pretending to be the hero of the cartoon Speed Racer. The single's cover shows children on tricycles wearing helmets and goggles like the cartoon character.

II (The Presidents of the United States of America album)
II is the second studio album by the American rock band The Presidents of the United States of America. It was released via Columbia Records on November 5, 1996, coinciding with the United States presidential election.
Festivalbar
The Festivalbar (Italian: Il Festivalbar) was an Italian singing competition that took place in the most important Italian squares during summer, such as the Piazza del Duomo, Catania or Piazza Bra, Verona. The first edition took place in 1964 and was broadcast by RAI. The competition was held throughout the summer and the final round always took place at the Arena in Verona after 3-4 events in various cities of Italy.

Lucio Battisti
Lucio Battisti (5 March 1943 – 9 September 1998) was an Italian singer-songwriter and composer. He is widely recognized for songs that defined the late 1960s and 1970s era of Italian songwriting.

Battisti released 18 studio albums from 1969 to 1994, with a significant portion of this catalogue translated into Spanish (various albums), English (one album), French (two albums), and German (one album). He was known to be an extremely reserved artist, performing only a small number of live concerts during his career. In 1978 he announced that he would speak to the public only through his musical work, limiting himself to the recording of studio albums and disappearing from the public scene.
Dudelange-Usines railway station
49°28′21″N 06°04′45″E﻿ / ﻿49.47250°N 6.07917°E﻿ / 49.47250; 6.07917
Dudelange-Usines railway station (Luxembourgish: Gare Diddeleng-Schmelz, French: Gare de Dudelange-Usines, German: Bahnhof Düdelingen-Werk) is a railway station serving the south of Dudelange, in southern Luxembourg.  It is operated by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, the state-owned railway company.

The station is situated on Line 60, which connects Luxembourg City to the Red Lands of the south of the country.  It is the fourth station on the branch to the French town of Volmerange-les-Mines.  Dudelange-Centre is one of four railway stations in the city.

CFL Line 60
Line 60 is a railway line connecting Luxembourg City to the Red Lands of the south of Luxembourg, and on to France.  The terminus at the northern end is Luxembourg railway station, whilst the terminals at the south are Rumelange, Pétange, and the French towns of Volmerange-les-Mines and  Audun-le-Tiche.  It is designated, and predominantly operated, by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois.
Spring Subway
Spring Subway (Chinese: 開往春天的地鐵; pinyin: Kāi wǎng chūntiān de dìtiě) is a 2002 Chinese romance film directed by Zhang Yibai, starring Xu Jinglei and Geng Le.  Sixth Generation director Zhang Yang also plays a role in it. The film represents a relatively new genre in China, the artistic "commercial film" with its international urban sensibilities designed to appeal to young middle-class Chinese. Spring Subway is a stylistic film that plays with chronological conventions and flashbacks, and with characters that often break the fourth wall to directly address the audience.

The film was produced by China Youth Film Studio and the independent Electric Orange Entertainment (run by screenwriter, Liu Fendou). Distribution was handled by Media Asia Entertainment Group.

Gao Yuanyuan
Gao Yuanyuan (Chinese: 高圆圆; pinyin: Gāo yuányuán, born 5 October 1979) is a Chinese actress and model. She gained attention in 2000 for appearing in a commercial for Qingzui (Clear Mouth) lozenges, earning her the nickname "Clear-Mouth Girl." She achieved mainstream popularity for her role as Zhou Zhiruo in the wuxia series The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber (2003). Her other notable works include the films Shanghai Dreams (2005), City of Life and Death (2009), Don't Go Breaking My Heart (2011), Caught in the Web (2012), But Always (2014), as well as the television series We Get Married (2013).

She ranked 64th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 40th in 2014, 76th in 2015, and 86th in 2017.
Frege's theorem
In metalogic and metamathematics, Frege's theorem is a metatheorem that states that the Peano axioms of arithmetic can be derived in second-order logic from Hume's principle. It was first proven, informally, by Gottlob Frege in his 1884 Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (The Foundations of Arithmetic) and proven more formally in his 1893 Grundgesetze der Arithmetik I (Basic Laws of Arithmetic I). The theorem was re-discovered by Crispin Wright in the early 1980s and has since been the focus of significant work. It is at the core of the philosophy of mathematics known as neo-logicism (at least of the Scottish School variety).

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
Ogarka
Ogarka [ɔˈɡarka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszczowa, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Włoszczowa and 41 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Włoszczowa
Gmina Włoszczowa is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Włoszczowa, which lies approximately 46 kilometres (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 253.7 square kilometres (98.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 20,426 (out of which the population of Włoszczowa amounts to 10,782, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 9,644).
King City High School Auditorium
The King City High School Auditorium, also known as the Robert Stanton Theater, is an Art Moderne style auditorium at the King City High School in King City, California. Built in 1939 with Works Progress Administration funding, the auditorium is one of several buildings in the area in a similar style, known as WPA Moderne. It was designed by architect Robert Stanton of Carmel, in partnership with Joseph Jacinto Mora, who designed and executed the building's extensive sculptural elements.

Robert Stanton (architect)
Robert Stanton (1900–1983) was an American architect. A resident of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, he practiced primarily in the central California coastal region, and was responsible for a variety of eclectic buildings, most notably the Monterey County Court House and the King City Joint Union High School Auditorium, both listed on the National Register of Historic Places. He worked closely with sculptor Joseph Jacinto Mora on several of his projects.
L'Œuf électrique
L'Œuf électrique (transl. The Electric Egg) was a futuristic prototype concept electric cyclecar designed in 1938, and built in 1942 by industrial designer Paul Arzens (1903-1990). It was acquired by the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris in 1993, and is currently at the Cité de l'Automobile in Mulhouse in Alsace.

Paul Arzens
Paul Arzens (28 August 1903 – 2 February 1990) was a French industrial designer of railway locomotives and motor cars.

Arzens was born in Paris, at an address along the Boulevard des Batignolles on the northern side of the city. As a young man he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts and soon gained recognition as a talented artist able at this stage, unusually, to live reasonably well on the sales proceeds from his paintings. This gave him enough time to pursue other interests in the realms of engineering and design. As his life progressed he accumulated a large collection of his own paintings and gained a reputation for an acute reluctance to sell any.
9th Infantry Division (United States)
The 9th Infantry Division (nicknamed "Old Reliables") is an inactive infantry division of the United States Army. It was formed as the 9th Division during World War I, but never deployed overseas. In later years it was an important unit of the U.S. Army during World War II and the Vietnam War. It was also activated as a peacetime readiness unit from 1947 to 1962 at Fort Dix, New Jersey as a Training Division, West Germany, and Fort Carson, Colorado as a Full Combat Status Division, and from 1972 to 1991 as an active-duty infantry division at Fort Lewis, Washington. The division was inactivated in December 1991.

11th Field Artillery Regiment
The 11th Field Artillery Regiment is a Field Artillery Branch regiment of the United States Army first formed in 1916. A parent regiment in the U.S. Army Regimental System, one battalion of the regiment is currently active, the 2nd Battalion, 11th Field Artillery Regiment assigned to the 2nd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division.
Voltage-gated potassium-channel Kv1.4 IRES
This family represents the Kv1.4 voltage-gated potassium channel internal ribosome entry site (IRES). This region has been shown to mediate internal ribosome entry in cells derived from brain, heart, and skeletal muscle; tissues known to express Kv1.4 mRNA species.

KCNA4
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 also known as Kv1.4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNA4 gene. It contributes to the cardiac transient outward potassium current (Ito1), the main contributing current to the repolarizing phase 1 of the cardiac action potential.
Nantua sauce
Nantua sauce (French: sauce Nantua [sos nɑ̃tɥa]) is a classical French sauce consisting of a béchamel sauce base, cream, and crayfish butter, along with crayfish tails.

It is named for the town of Nantua, which is known for its crayfish, and the term à la Nantua is used in classical French cuisine for dishes containing crayfish.

Sauce Nantua is the classic accompaniment to quenelles de brochet (pike dumplings), making quenelles Nantua.

Nantua
Nantua (French pronunciation: [nɑ̃tɥa] ⓘ; Arpitan: Nantuat) is a commune in and subprefecture of the Ain département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. The commune of Nantua comprises the glacial Lac de Nantua.

Located in the Haut-Bugey historical region, among the southern foothills of the Jura Mountains, it is famous for its fresh-water fish and crayfish.
Hawkeye (1994 TV series)
Hawkeye (also referred to as Hawkeye: The First Frontier) is a Canadian adventure-Western television series created by Kim LeMasters. The series aired in syndication for one season from 1994 to 1995, and was produced by Stephen J. Cannell. It was filmed in North Vancouver and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Based on characters from the Leatherstocking Tales, a set of novels written by James Fenimore Cooper, the series takes place in 1755 Hudson Valley, New York during the French and Indian War. It follows the main character, Natty Bumppo (Lee Horsley), his Native American companion Chingachgook (Rodney A. Grant), English trading post owner Elizabeth Shields (Lynda Carter) and other people stationed at or living in the vicinity of Fort Bennington.

Leatherstocking Tales
The Leatherstocking Tales is a series of five novels (The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneers, and The Prairie) by American writer James Fenimore Cooper, set in the eighteenth-century era of development in the primarily former Iroquois areas in central New York. Each novel features Natty Bumppo, a frontiersman known to European-American settlers as "Leatherstocking", "The Pathfinder", and "the trapper". Native Americans call him "Deerslayer", "La Longue Carabine" ("Long Rifle" in French), and "Hawkeye".
Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Sheikh Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa (Arabic: ناصر بن حمد آل خليفة; born 8 May 1987), also known as Prince Nasser, is a member of the Bahraini royal family, Commander of Bahrain's Royal Guard, deputy chairman of the Higher Committee for Energy and Natural Resources and the head of the government's Supreme Council for Youth and Sports. He is the third in line of the heir apparent of the Kingdom of Bahrain. In April 2021, he was appointed as chairman of Bapco Energies.

Royal Guard (Bahrain)
The Royal Guard (Arabic: الحرس الملكي) of Bahrain is a unit of the Bahrain Defence Force. In June 2011, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa appointed his 36-year-old son Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa as the commander of the Royal Guard.

Opposition political leader Ali Salman claimed in 2009 that "no Shi'ites have been recruited to work in the Royal Guard even though they make up over half of the population."
EuroBasket Women 1995
The 1995 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 1995, was the 25th regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Brno in Czech Republic and took place from 8 June to 18 June 1995. Ukraine won the gold medal and Italy the silver medal while Russia won the bronze.

Ukraine women's national basketball team
The Ukraine women's national basketball team (Ukrainian: Жіноча збірна України з баскетболу) represents Ukraine in international women's basketball. They are controlled by the Basketball Federation of Ukraine (FBU).

As of late 2019, its team captain has been Alina Iagupova.
Wakakoma Kenzo
Wakakoma Kenzō (若駒 健三; born Kenzō Itō [伊藤 健三]; 20 April 1937 – 31 August 2019) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Gojōme, Akita. He made his professional debut in May 1952 and reached the top division in September 1961. His highest rank was maegashira 8. He left the sumo world upon retirement from active competition in March 1962. He died at the age of 82.

Gojōme
Gojōme (五城目町, Gojōme-machi) is a town located in Akita, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the town had an estimated population of 8317 in 3870 households and a population density of 39 persons per km2. The total area was  214.92 square kilometres (82.98 sq mi).