hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adolf Bühler
Adolf Bühler also Adolf Bühler-Naef (/bɒɒhlər/ boo-hler August 11, 1822 - October 20, 1896) was a Swiss industrialist and philanthropist. In 1860, Bühler founded an iron foundry, bearing his name, which would evolve into Bühler Group, a leading technology concern with over 140 locations worldwide. He is the patriarch of the Bühler family which has an estimated net worth of CHF 3.5-4 billions (2022).

Bühler Group
The Bühler Holding AG is a Swiss multinational plant equipment manufacturer based in Uzwil, Switzerland. It is known for plant equipment and related services for processing foods and manufacturing advanced materials. The organization holds leading market positions worldwide in the fields of technology as well as processes for transforming grain into flour and animal feeds, producing pasta and chocolate, and manufacturing die cast components.
The core technologies of the Group are in the field of mechanical and thermal process engineering.

Bühler Group operates in over 140 countries, has a global payroll of 12,090, 30 manufacturing sites worldwide and generated revenues of CHF 2,79 billion in 2025. The company was founded in 1860 and is still family-owned. Jeannine, Maya and Karin Bühler own the company in the 5th generation.
Naftal Lungameni Sakaria
Naftal Lungameni Sakaria is a Namibian police officer who has served as the regional commander for Oshana since 2022 and the Gold Commander for Etosha National Park for two non-consecutive terms since 2023.

Namibian Police Force
The Namibian Police Force (NAMPOL) is the national police force of Namibia. It was established by the Namibian Constitution and enacted by an act of Parliament. The Namibian Police Force replaced the South West African Police as the national police force of the country in 1990. Sebastian Ndeitunga was its inspector general since 2005 to 2022. Joseph Shikongo is the current inspector general. Shikongo was reappointed by President Nangolo Mbumba as the Inspector general in 23 September 2024. Namibian police  functions are overseen by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security.
Anika Apostalon
Anika Apostalon (born February 1995) is a Czech-American competitive swimmer who specializes in freestyle and backstroke events. She was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico and graduated from Albuquerque Academy in 2013. Apostalon graduated from the University of Southern California in 2017. She swam for the Toronto Titans and was affiliated with USK in Prague, CZ. She was the former Czech national record holder in the 50m Freestyle (SCM) and is a 17-time NCAA All American.

Albuquerque Academy
Albuquerque Academy is an independent, co-educational day school for grades 6-12 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The school is accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest and the New Mexico State Department of Education, and is also a member of the National Association of Independent Schools.

The school has routinely ranked among the top 200 private high schools in the United States, peaking at #5 in 2015. Albuquerque Academy comprises three different divisions (groups of grade levels): the 6-7 division, the 8-9 division, and the 10-12 division.
Francis Lear (dean of Salisbury)
Francis Lear  (1789 in Downton, Wiltshire – 1850 in Salisbury) was Dean of Salisbury in the Church of England from 1846 until his death.

Lear was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1806, and then Magdalen College from 1809, graduating B.A. in 1810, M.A. 1813, and becoming a Fellow in 1819. He held livings in Wiltshire at Chilmark and Bishopstone (near Salisbury). He was Archdeacon of Sarum from 1836 until his appointment as Dean. He died on 23 March 1850.

Lear married Isabella Mary Majendie. Their son, also named Francis, succeeded his father as rector of Bishopstone and was Archdeacon of Sarum from 1875 until his death on 1914.

Isabella paid for the construction in 1854 of All Saints' Church, East Harnham, in memory of her husband; it had been his wish to provide a church for this outlying district of the city.

Bishopstone, Salisbury
Bishopstone is a village and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, in the Ebble valley about 5.5 miles (9 km) south-west of Salisbury. The parish is on the county boundary with Hampshire and includes the small village of Croucheston and the hamlet of The Pitts (now Pitts Road).
Anna Karenina (1985 film)
Anna Karenina is a 1985 American made-for-television romantic drama film based on the famous Leo Tolstoy 1877 novel Anna Karenina starring Jacqueline Bisset and Christopher Reeve and directed by Simon Langton. The film was broadcast on CBS on March 26, 1985.

Simon Langton (television director)
Simon Langton (born 5 November 1941 in Amersham, Buckinghamshire) is an English television director and producer. He is the son of David Langton, the actor who played Richard Bellamy in Upstairs, Downstairs.

After he had directed many TV drama series and serials during the 1970s, his version of the John le Carré novel Smiley's People (1982, adapted by John Hopkins) was nominated for both a BAFTA Award in the UK, and an Emmy Award in the US. He also received a BAFTA nomination for the series Mother Love (1989), starring Diana Rigg.

He is perhaps best known for directing the adaptation of Pride and Prejudice (1995) starring Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth, for which he was again nominated for a BAFTA. He directed episodes of Rosemary and Thyme and Midsomer Murders.
Locust, North Carolina
Locust is a small rural city in Stanly and Cabarrus counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, Locust had a population of 4,537. It has seen substantial growth lately due to the urban sprawl from the Charlotte area.

Stanly County, North Carolina
Stanly County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 62,504. Its county seat is Albemarle.

Stanly County comprises the Albemarle, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC Combined Statistical Area.
Paul Morphy
Paul Charles Morphy (June 22, 1837 – July 10, 1884) was an American chess player. During his brief career in the late 1850s, Morphy was acknowledged as the world's greatest chess master.  Later commentators have concluded that he was far ahead of his time.

A prodigy, Morphy emerged onto the chess scene in 1857 by convincingly winning the First American Chess Congress, winning each match by a large margin. He then traveled to Europe, residing for a time in England and France while challenging the continent's top players. He played matches with most of the leading English and French players, as well as the German Adolf Anderssen—again winning all matches by large margins. In 1859, Morphy returned to the United States, before ultimately abandoning competitive chess and receding from public view.

Chess prodigy
A chess prodigy is a young child who possesses an aptitude for the game of chess that far exceeds what might be expected at their age. Their prodigious talent will often enable them to defeat experienced adult players and even titled chess masters. Some chess prodigies have progressed to become grandmasters or even World Chess Champions.
21st Combined Force (Syrian rebel group)
The 21st Combined Force (Arabic: تجمع القوة 21), formerly called the 101st Infantry Division (Arabic: الفرقة 101 مشاة) and the 33rd Infantry Division (Arabic: الفرقة 33 مشاة), was a Syrian rebel group affiliated with the Free Syrian Army, sanctioned by the Syrian National Council, and part of the Syrian Revolutionary Command Council. The group was led by Colonel Hassan Hamada. It received U.S.-made BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles, and was funded by the Supreme Military Council.

Hassan Hamada
Hassan Hamada (Arabic: حسن حمادة; born c. 1968), full name Hassan Mirei al-Hamada (Arabic: حسن ميري آل حمادة،), also spelled as Hammadeh, is the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Syrian Air Force. As a former colonel in the Ba'athist Syrian Air Force who, together with his MiG-21, defected to Jordan on 21 June 2012 during the Syrian civil war. Prior to the fall of the Assad regime, he had served as defense minister in the Syrian Interim Government and chief of staff of the Syrian National Army.
Murray the K
Murray Kaufman (February 14, 1922 – February 21, 1982), professionally known as Murray the K, was a New York City rock and roll impresario and disc jockey of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. During the early days of Beatlemania, he frequently referred to himself as the fifth Beatle.

The Zombies
The Zombies are an English rock band formed in St Albans in 1962. Led by keyboardist/vocalist Rod Argent and lead vocalist Colin Blunstone, the group had their first British and American hit in 1964 with "She's Not There". In the US, two further singles—"Tell Her No" in 1965 and "Time of the Season" in 1968—were also successful.

Their 1968 album Odessey and Oracle was ranked number 100 on Rolling Stone's 2012 list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and number 243 on Rolling Stone's 2020 list. The Zombies were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.
Cratloe
Cratloe (Irish: An Chreatalach) is a village in County Clare, Ireland, situated between Limerick and Shannon in the mid-west region. It is possible that the name derives from Croit-shliabh meaning "hump-backed hill", referring to Woodcock Hill. The present-day parish of Cratloe consists of the former parish of Kilfintinan and a portion of the contemporary parish of Killeely. This was agreed upon by priests in the 18th century, who claimed there were not enough members of the clergy to operate fully in both parishes.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
Philip Mairet
Philip Mairet (French: [mɛʁɛ]; full name: Philippe Auguste Mairet; 27 April 1886 – 9 February 1975) was a British designer, writer and journalist. He had a wide range of interest: crafts, Alfred Adler and psychiatry, and Social Credit. He translated major figures including Jean-Paul Sartre. He wrote biographies of Sir Patrick Geddes and A. R. Orage, with both of whom he was closely associated, as well as of John Middleton Murry. As editor of the New English Weekly in the 1930s, he championed both Christian socialism, as it was known at the time, and ideas on agriculture that would come together later as organic farming.

Ethel Mairet
Ethel Mary Partridge, Ethel Mary Mairet RDI, or Ethel Mary Coomaraswamy (17 February 1872 – 18 November 1952) was a British hand loom weaver, significant in the development of the craft during the first half of the twentieth century.
2014 Galway Senior Hurling Championship
The 2014 Galway Senior Hurling Championship was the 117th staging of the Galway Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment in 1887.

The Preliminary Round and First Round draws  were made on 11 March 2014 at the Salthill Hotel. Gort won the final on 14 December 2014.

Gort GAA
Gort GAA Club is a Gaelic games club located in Gort, County Galway, Ireland. It is a member of the Galway branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). Founded at the turn of the 20th century, the club is almost exclusively concerned with the sport of hurling.

The club competes in competitions run by Galway GAA, and has won the Galway Senior Hurling Club Championship and Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship on several occasions.
Vance, West Virginia
Vance is an unincorporated community in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Vance lies on the South Branch Potomac River. Most of its residents reside along West Virginia Route 28. Buffalo Creek empties into the South Branch at Vance.

Hampshire County, West Virginia
Hampshire County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,093. Its county seat is Romney, West Virginia's oldest town (1762). The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1754, from parts of Frederick and Augusta Counties (Virginia) and is the state's oldest county. The county lies in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands region.

Hampshire County is part of the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
NA61 experiment
NA61/SHINE (standing for "SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment") is a particle physics experiment at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The experiment studies the hadronic final states produced in interactions of various beam particles (pions, protons and beryllium, argon, and xenon nuclei) with a variety of fixed nuclear targets at the SPS energies.

About 135 physicists from 14 countries and 35 institutions work in NA61/SHINE. The experiment was introduced się to Marek Gazdzicki's prior research at the NA49 experiment.  NA61/SHINE is the second largest fixed target experiment at CERN.

Super Proton Synchrotron
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CERN. It is housed in a circular tunnel, 6.9 km (4+1⁄3 miles) in circumference, straddling the border of France and Switzerland near Geneva, Switzerland.
UFC 101
UFC 101: Declaration was a mixed martial arts pay-per-view event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) on August 8, 2009 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the first UFC event held in Pennsylvania. The event featured the second title defense of Lightweight Champion B.J. Penn against Kenny Florian, and a non-title Light Heavyweight bout for Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva against former Light Heavyweight Champion Forrest Griffin.

Anderson Silva
Anderson da Silva (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɐ̃deʁsõ ˈsiwvɐ]; born 14 April 1975) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and professional boxer. He is a former UFC Middleweight Champion who unified the UFC Middleweight and Pride World Welterweight Championship, and holds the record for the longest title reign in UFC history at 2,457 days. This started in 2006 and ended in 2013 and included a UFC record 16 consecutive victories in that span. Silva left the UFC in November 2020 and returned to boxing. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest mixed martial artists of all time. Silva was inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame in July 2023.
Jacques Errera
Jacques Errera (25 September 1896 – 30 March 1977) was a Belgian physicochemist, specialized in the molecular constitution of matter. During the 1930s he worked at the Free University of Brussels, and participated in the Solvay Conference of 1933. In 1938 he was awarded the Francqui Prize in Exact Sciences. Shortly after the first atomic bombs were used in 1945, he authored an optimistic article about the peaceful future potential of atomic energy. After WW2, Errera represented Belgium at both the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency. He was the son of Isabelle Errera.

Solvay Conference
The Solvay Conferences (French: Congrès Solvay) have been devoted to preeminent unsolved problems in both physics and chemistry. They began with the historic invitation-only 1911 Solvay Conference on Physics, considered a turning point in the world of physics, and are ongoing.

Since the success of 1911, they have been organised by the International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, founded by the Belgian industrialist Ernest Solvay in 1912 and 1913, and located in Brussels. The institutes coordinate conferences, workshops, seminars, and colloquia. Recent Solvay Conferences entail a three year cycle: the Solvay Conference on Physics followed by a gap year, followed by the Solvay Conference on Chemistry.

The 1st Solvay Conference on Biology titled "The organisation and dynamics of biological computation" took place in April 2024.
Aragon High School
Aragon High School is a public co-educational high school in San Mateo, California. It is part of the San Mateo Union High School District (SMUHSD). It is located in San Mateo County, a large suburb just outside San Francisco. The school is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).

San Mateo, California
San Mateo is the most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It is part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan region, and is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco. San Mateo borders Burlingame to the north, Hillsborough to the west, San Francisco Bay and Foster City to the east and Belmont to the south. The population was 105,661 at the 2020 census.  Some of the biggest economic drivers for the city include technology, health care and education.
24th Armoured Brigade (Greece)
The 24th Armoured Brigade "1st Cavalry Regiment Florina" (Greek: XXIV Τεθωρακισμένη Ταξιαρχία «1ο ΣΙ ΦΛΩΡΙΝΑ») is an armoured brigade of the Hellenic Army, based at Litochoro and subordinated to the I Army Corps.

I Army Corps (Greece)
The I Army Corps (Greek: Α' Σώμα Στρατού, abbr. Α' ΣΣ) was an army corps of the Hellenic Army, founded in December 1913. Originally based in Athens and covering southern Greece, since 1962 it was responsible for covering Greece's northwestern borders (Epirus and Western and Central Macedonia). It was disbanded in 2013.
Josaphat Bulhak
Josaphat Bulhak (20 April 1758 – 25 February 1838) was a hierarch of the Ruthenian Uniate Church in the western Russian empire. As head of the church, he had the title of Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia, and All Russia. After his death, the Ruthenian Uniate Church was absorbed by the Russian Orthodox Church, making him the last head of the Uniate confession in the Russian empire.

Ruthenian Uniate Church
The Ruthenian Uniate Church (Belarusian: Руская уніяцкая царква, romanized: Ruskaja unijackaja carkva; Ukrainian: Руська унійна церква, romanized: Ruśka unijna cerkva; Latin: Ecclesia Ruthena unita; Polish: Ruski Kościół Unicki) was a particular church of the Catholic Church in the territory of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was created in 1595/1596 by those clergy of the Eastern Orthodox Church who subscribed to the Union of Brest. In the process, they switched their allegiances and jurisdiction from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople to the Holy See.

The church had a single metropolitan territory — the Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia. The formation of the church led to a high degree of confrontation among Ruthenians, such as the murder of Archeparch Josaphat Kuntsevych in 1623. Opponents of the union called church members "Uniates". Catholic documents today no longer use this term due to its perceived negative overtones.
Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem
In transcendental number theory, the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem is a result that is very useful in establishing the transcendence of numbers. It states the following:

In other words, the extension field  has transcendence degree n over .

An equivalent formulation from Baker 1990, Chapter 1, Theorem 1.4, is the following:

This equivalence transforms a linear relation over the algebraic numbers into an algebraic relation over  by using the fact that a symmetric polynomial whose arguments are all conjugates of one another gives a rational number.

The theorem is named for Ferdinand von Lindemann and Karl Weierstrass. Lindemann proved in 1882 that eα is transcendental for every non-zero algebraic number α, thereby establishing that π is transcendental (see below). Weierstrass proved the above more general statement in 1885.

The theorem, along with the Gelfond–Schneider theorem, is extended by Baker's theorem, and all of these would be further generalized by Schanuel's conjecture.

Algebraic number
In mathematics, an algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients.  For example, the golden ratio  is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial , i.e., a solution to the equation , and the complex number  is algebraic because it is a root of the polynomial . Algebraic numbers include all integers, rational numbers, and n-th roots of integers.

Algebraic complex numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and hence form a field, denoted . The set of algebraic real numbers  is also a field.

Numbers which are not algebraic are called transcendental and include π and e. There are countably infinite algebraic numbers, hence almost all real (or complex) numbers (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) are transcendental.
OdaTV
OdaTV (also known as Odatv.com, Odatv or odaTV), an online news portal based in Turkey, was founded in 2007. It is one of the most followed news portals in Turkey and according to the Alexa statistics, it is the 119th most visited website in the country (Turkey).

The portal was founded by Soner Yalçın and Cüneyt Özdemir. Özdemir soon left after a difference of opinion. OdaTV was described in 2012 by the Committee to Protect Journalists as a portal which is "harshly critical of the government". In the early 2011, Odatv case was initiated as part of the Ergenekon trials, with OdaTV accused of being the "media arm" of the Ergenekon organization. Twelve of its journalists were under indictment in connection with the case, which Reporters without Borders has called "absurd". The court acquitted all journalists in April 2017 after the prosecutors failed to provide enough evidence.

On 2019, OdaTV writer Nihat Genç left the newspaper to found his own newspaper Veryansın TV.

Barış Pehlivan
Barış Pehlivan (IPA: [baɾɯʃ pehlivan]; born July 10, 1983) is a Turkish journalist and author. He is known for his investigative news and books on Turkish politics. He has been sued many times for his journalistic activities. He was imprisoned in 2011, 2020 and 2023 as part of these cases.
Prądnik, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Prądnik [ˈprɔndnik] (German: Hauswerder) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Myślibórz, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Myślibórz
Gmina Myślibórz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Myślibórz, which lies approximately 57 kilometres (35 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 328.33 square kilometres (126.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 20,898 (out of which the population of Myślibórz amounts to 11,867, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 9,031).
A Hint to Husbands
A Hint to Husbands is an 1806 comedy play by the British dramatist Richard Cumberland which was first performed at Covent Garden Theatre. The prologue was written by James Bland Burgess. The play was not a success and lasted for only five nights. The original cast included Charles Kemble as Lord Transit, Henry Erskine Johnston as Sir Charles Le Brun, Alexander Pope as Heartright, John Fawcett as Fairford, John Brunton as George Trever, Charles Farley as Pliant, John Emery as Codicil, William Blanchard as Dogherty and Julia Glover as Lady Le Brun.

Richard Cumberland (dramatist)
Richard Cumberland (19 February 1731/2 – 7 May 1811) was an English dramatist and civil servant. In 1771 his hit play The West Indian was first staged. During the American War of Independence he acted as a secret negotiator with Spain in an effort to secure a peace agreement between the two nations. He also edited a short-lived critical journal called The London Review (1809).  His plays are often remembered for their sympathetic depiction of characters generally considered to be on the margins of society.