hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Louis Nicolas
Jean-Louis Nicolas is a French number theorist.

He is the namesake (with Paul Erdős) of the Erdős–Nicolas numbers, and was a frequent co-author of Erdős, who would take over the desk of Nicolas' wife Anne-Marie (also a mathematician) whenever he would visit. Nicolas is also known for his research on integer partitions, and for his unusual proof that there exist infinitely many n for which

where  is Euler's totient function and γ is Euler's constant: he proved this bound unconditionally by providing two different proofs, one in the case that the Riemann hypothesis holds and another in the case that it fails.

Nicolas earned his Ph.D. in 1968 as a student of Charles Pisot. He works at Claude Bernard University Lyon 1.

A conference in honor of Nicolas' 60th birthday was held on January 14–19, 2002 at the Centre International de Rencontres Mathématiques in Marseille. The proceedings of the conference were published as a festschrift in The Ramanujan Journal.

Euler's totient function
In number theory, Euler's totient function counts the positive integers up to a given integer  that are relatively prime to . It is written using the Greek letter phi as  or , and may also be called Euler's phi function. In other words, it is the number of integers  in the range  for which the greatest common divisor  is equal to 1. The integers  of this form are sometimes referred to as totatives of .

For example, the totatives of  are the six numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8. They are all relatively prime to 9, but the other three numbers in this range, 3, 6, and 9 are not, since  and . Therefore, . As another example,  since for  the only integer in the range from 1 to  is 1 itself, and .

Euler's totient function is a multiplicative function, meaning that if two numbers  and  are relatively prime, then .
This function gives the order of the multiplicative group of integers modulo n (the group of units of the ring ). It is also used for defining the RSA encryption system.
WUMS
WUMS (92.1 FM, "Rebel Radio") is a student-run formatted college radio station in University, Mississippi. WUMS is owned and licensed by the Student Media Center of the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss). WUMS covers most of Lafayette County, Mississippi, which includes Oxford and University, with an ERP of 2,900 watts.

Rebel Radio is one of the few commercially licensed college radio stations in the country and is primarily run by students enrolled at Ole Miss.

Oxford, Mississippi
Oxford is the 14th most populous city in Mississippi, United States, and the county seat of Lafayette County, 75 miles (121 km) southeast of Memphis. A college town, Oxford surrounds the University of Mississippi or "Ole Miss". Founded in 1837, the city is named after Oxford, England.

Purchasing the land from a Chickasaw, pioneers founded Oxford in 1837. In 1841, the Mississippi State Legislature selected it as the site of the state's first university, Ole Miss. Oxford is also the hometown of Nobel Prize-winning novelist William Faulkner, and served as the inspiration for his fictional Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha County. Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, who served as a US Supreme Court Justice and Secretary of the Interior, also lived and is buried in Oxford.

At the 2020 US Census, the population was 25,416.
Dunajská Streda
Dunajská Streda (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈdunajskaː ˈstreda] ⓘ; Hungarian: Dunaszerdahely; German: Niedermarkt) is a town located in southern Slovakia (Trnavský kraj). Dunajská Streda is the most culturally significant town in the Žitný ostrov area. The town has a population of 22,730, with ethnic Hungarians forming the 72% majority.

Trnava Region
The Trnava Region (Slovak: Trnavský kraj, pronounced [ˈtr̩nawskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Nagyszombati kerület; German: Tyrnauer Landschaftsverband) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. It was established in 1996, before which date, most of its districts were parts of Bratislava Region which was established on the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1923. It consists of 251 municipalities, from which 16 have a town status. It is the second most densely populated region in Slovakia.
The Bamboozle
The Bamboozle was an annual three-day music festival which was held in New Jersey from 2003 to 2012, and was scheduled for a 2023 revival in Atlantic City by its founder. Every year, new bands competed for spots during the two days. The event evolved out of the Skate and Surf Festival. The 2012 event was the final one of its original run, as founder John D'Esposito subsequently left Bamboozle due to creative differences with organizing partners.

The Receiving End of Sirens
The Receiving End of Sirens (abbreviated TREOS) is an American rock band from Belchertown, Massachusetts, United States. Formed in 2003, the band broke up in 2008 then briefly reunited in 2010; a 2020 reunion tour was canceled. In December 2024, the band announced a reunion show in Boston for 2025. The band released a previously unavailable B-Side entitled "Weightless Underwater" on February 27, 2025.
Heroes of Shipka
Geroite na Shipka (Bulgarian: Героите на Шипка; Russian: Герои Шипки, Geroi Shipki;  in English: Shipka heroes; US title: Heroes of Shipka) is a 1955 Soviet Union/Bulgarian co-production historical drama film. It tells the story of the famous Battle of Shipka Pass during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. The production companies behind the film are Boyana Film, Bulgar Film and Lenfilm.

The film won the Best Director Award at the 1955 Cannes Film Festival.

1955 Cannes Film Festival
The 8th Cannes Film Festival took place from 26 April to 10 May 1955. French writer and filmmaker Marcel Pagnol served as jury president for the main competition.

The first Palme d'Or was awarded, as the highest prize of the Festival, to Marty by Delbert Mann.

Until the 1954 Festival, the whimsical way various prizes were being awarded had drawn much criticism. In answer to this, from 1955 onwards, the Jury was composed of foreign celebrities from the film industry.

The festival opened with Rififi by Jules Dassin, and closed with Carmen Jones by Otto Preminger.
The Fruit Machine (1988 film)
The Fruit Machine (known as Wonderland in the United States) is a 1988 British film thriller starring Tony Forsyth, Emile Charles, Bruce Payne and Robbie Coltrane in the role of "Annabelle." The film, which was directed by BAFTA-winner Philip Saville, is about two gay teen friends who are running from an underworld assassin and the police. It was produced by UK TV company Granada Productions. The film showcases the rising careers of actors Coltrane and Payne, as well as a future Academy Award winner, composer Hans Zimmer, who wrote the soundtrack.

The film uses a combination of adventure, buddy film, road movie and 1980s filmmaking to address a number of social issues that were pertinent to the times. Since its release, it has developed a cult following primarily due to its straightforward portrayal of British gay youth.

Philip Saville
Philip Saville (28 October 1927 – 22 December 2016) was a British director, screenwriter and former actor whose career lasted half a century. The British Film Institute's Screenonline website described Saville as "one of Britain's most prolific and pioneering television and film directors". His work included 45 contributions to Armchair Theatre (1956–1972) and he won two Best Drama Series BAFTAs for Boys from the Blackstuff (1982) and The Life and Loves of a She-Devil (1986).
Arrowhead Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Arrowhead Township is a township in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 223 at the 2010 census.

U.S. Highway 2 serves as a main route in the township.  Highway 2 runs east–west through the middle of the township.

Saint Louis County Road 8 (CR 8) runs east–west through the northern portion of the township.

The east–central and southeast portions of Arrowhead Township are located within the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation.

Fond du Lac Indian Reservation
The Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (or Nah-Gah-Chi-Wa-Nong (Nagaajiwanaang in the Double Vowel orthography), meaning "Where the current is blocked" in the Ojibwe language) is an Indian reservation in northern Minnesota near Cloquet in Carlton and Saint Louis counties. Off-reservation holdings are located across the state in Douglas County, in the northwest corner of Wisconsin. The total land area of these tribal lands is 154.49 square miles (400.1 km2). It is the land-base for the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. Before the establishment of this reservation, the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa were located at the head of Lake Superior, closer to the mouth of the Saint Louis River, where Duluth has developed.
Würstelstand
A Würstelstand (literally "sausage stand"; plural Würstelstände) is a traditional Austrian street food retail outlet selling hot dogs, sausages, and side dishes.  They are a ubiquitous sight in Vienna.

Sausages sold at sausage stands typically include Vienna sausages (referred to as Frankfurter in Austrian German), Käsekrainer, Waldviertler and Bosna (a type of hot dog popular in Salzburg and Linz). There are widely known regional differences among Austrian sausage stands: Bosna, for instance, are considered to be a rarity in Vienna.

Waldviertler
A Waldviertler (also known as Waldviertler Rauchwurst or Rauchwürstel) is a type of sausage popular in Austria. It is a smoked scalded sausage that consists of a sausage mixture (referred to as Brät) and a portion of meat. It is available either in pairs joined at one end or portioned as sausages, encased in a thick casing. Typically served with mustard and horseradish, it is part of the standard offering of an Austrian Würstelstand (sausage stand).

The Waldviertler is named after the Austrian region Waldviertel. The region is known for its hearty cuisine, that is characterized by numerous types of smoked sausage and ham.
Napoléon (1955 film)
Napoléon is a 1955 French historical epic film written and directed by Sacha Guitry, which depicts major events in the life of Napoleon (Daniel Gélin as a young man, Raymond Pellegrin in later life; the switch takes place during a scene at a barber).

Guitry played the role of Talleyrand, controversial diplomat and first Prime Minister of France, narrating from a drawing room as if having just heard of Napoleon's death on the island of Saint Helena in 1821. The cast also features Yves Montand as Marshal Lefebvre, Maria Schell as Marie-Louise of Austria, Erich von Stroheim as Ludwig van Beethoven, and Orson Welles as Napoleon's British jailor, Sir Hudson Lowe.

The English dub was made as part of the original production, but is significantly shorter than the French version.

Hudson Lowe
Lieutenant-General Sir Hudson Lowe, GCMG KCB (28 July 1769 – 10 January 1844) was a British military officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Saint Helena from 1816 to 1821. Seeing service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, he is best known for serving as the de facto gaoler of Napoleon when he was in exile on Saint Helena.
2020–21 Algerian Ligue 2
The 2020–21 Algerian Ligue 2 was the 57th season of the Algerian Ligue 2 since its establishment. the competition was organized in this season by the Ligue Nationale de football Amateur (LNFA) and the system changed into three groups, west, central and east, each group with 12 clubs. The ligue 2 returns to its amateur format

On December 28,  Ligue Nationale du football Amateur Changed the competition's format from 2 groups of 18 to 3 groups of 12.

Algerian League 2
The League 2 LNFA (Arabic: الرابطة الجزائرية الثانية لكرة القدم), also called League 2, formerly known as Ligue 2, Ligue Professionnelle 2 and Championnat National 2, is the second highest division overall in the Algerian football league system. Administered by the National Amateur Football League, it is contested by 32 clubs, divided into two groups with the two champions of each group promoted to Ligue Professionnelle 1 and the bottom 3 teams of each group relegated to the Interregional League. It was professional from 2010 to 2020.
Sacha Jenkins
Sacha Sebastian Jenkins (August 22, 1971 – May 23, 2025) was an American television producer, filmmaker, writer, musician, artist, curator and chronicler of hip-hop, graffiti, punk, and metal cultures. While still in his teens, Jenkins published Graphic Scenes & X-Plicit Language, one of the earliest 'zines solely dedicated to "graffiti" art. In 1994, Jenkins co-founded Ego Trip magazine. In 2007, he created the competition reality program Ego Trip's The (White) Rapper Show, which was carried by VH1. Jenkins was the creative director of Mass Appeal magazine.

Ego Trip (magazine)
Ego Trip was a hip hop magazine started in New York City in 1994. It lasted four years and 13 issues and distinguished itself based on its irreverence and defiant attitude, eventually adopting the tagline, "the arrogant voice of musical truth."
2022–23 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Oregon Ducks men's basketball team represented the University of Oregon during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Ducks, led by 13th-year head coach Dana Altman, played their home games at Matthew Knight Arena as members of the Pac–12 Conference. They finished the season 18–13, 12–8 in Pac-12 play to finish in fourth place. As the No. 4 seed in the Pac-12 tournament, they defeated Washington State in the quarterfinals before losing to UCLA in the semifinal round. They received an invitation to the National Invitation Tournament, where they defeated UC Irvine in the first round and UCF in the second round, before losing to Wisconsin in the quarterfinals.

2022–23 UCF Knights men's basketball team
The 2022–23 UCF Knights men's basketball team represented the University of Central Florida during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Knights compete as members of the American Athletic Conference. The Knights, in the program's 54th season of basketball, were led by seventh-year head coach Johnny Dawkins and played their home games at the Addition Financial Arena on the university's main campus in Orlando, Florida. They finished the season 18–14, 8–10 in AAC Play to finish in 7th place. They defeated SMU in the First Round of the AAC Tournament before losing in the quarterfinals to Memphis. The Knights received an at-large bid to the NIT, where they defeated Florida in the first round before losing in the second round to Oregon.

This was also the last season UCF played in the American Athletic Conference before moving to the Big 12 Conference.
Piotr Kochanowski
Piotr Kochanowski (1566–1620) was a Polish nobleman, poet and translator. He belonged to a family of writers. He was a son of Mikołaj Kochanowski and a nephew of Jan Kochanowski. He was born in 1566 in Sycyna. He is famous for his translations from Italian. He translated into Polish what were generally esteemed to be the two greatest modern epic poems: Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso (Roland Enraged) and Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered). His version of Tasso's poem served as the Polish national epic. Piotr Kochanowski was the second poet in Poland (after Sebastian Grabowiecki) to use ottava rima, which became very popular in Baroque Polish poetry. He died on 2 August 1620 and was buried at the Franciscan church in Kraków. He is commonly regarded as one of the most important Polish writers of the Renaissance.

Ottava rima
Ottava rima is a rhyming stanza form of Italian origin. Originally used for long poems on heroic themes, it later came to be popular in the writing of mock-heroic works. Its earliest known use is in the writings of Giovanni Boccaccio.

The ottava rima stanza in English consists of eight iambic lines, usually iambic pentameters. Each stanza consists of three alternate rhymes and one double rhyme, following the  rhyme scheme. The form is similar to the older Sicilian octave, but evolved separately and is unrelated. The Sicilian octave is derived from the medieval strambotto and was a crucial step in the development of the sonnet, whereas the ottava rima is related to the canzone, a stanza form.
Dora Rangelova
Dora Rangelova (Bulgarian: Дора Рангелова; born 3 September 1967) is a retired tennis player from Bulgaria. On 15 August 1988, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of 459. She played for Bulgaria Fed Cup team for three years.
Dora Rangelova is the current captain of the Bulgarian Fed Cup team. She's also the mother of tennis player Dimitar Kuzmanov.

Dimitar Kuzmanov
Dimitar Kuzmanov (Bulgarian: Димитър Кузманов, pronounced [diˈmitɐr ˈkuzmɐnɔf] ⓘ; nickname: Miko; born 28 July 1993) is a Bulgarian professional tennis player who competes on the ATP Challenger Tour. His career-high singles ranking is No. 159 achieved on 29 August 2022 and his best doubles ranking is No. 438 achieved on 1 April 2019.
Selected Poems (Harwood collection)
Selected Poems is a collection of poems by Australian poet Gwen Harwood, published by Angus and Robertson, in 1975.

The collection contains 87 poems by the author, consisting of a selection from Poems (1963) and Poems : Volume Two (1968) as well as 27 new poems.

It was the winner of the 1975 Grace Leven Prize for Poetry.

Gwen Harwood
Gwen Harwood AO (née Gwendoline Nessie Foster, 8 June 1920 – 5 December 1995) was an Australian poet and librettist. Harwood is regarded as one of Australia's finest poets, publishing over 420 works, including 386 poems and 13 librettos. She won numerous poetry awards and prizes, and one of Australia's most significant poetry prizes, the Gwen Harwood Poetry Prize is named for her. Her work is commonly studied in schools and university courses.

Gwen Harwood was the mother of the author John Harwood.
UFO 34
UFO 34 is a cruising and racing fibreglass monohull sailboat class. It is a sloop based on a design by  Kim Holman. The design features a spade rudder and a Bermuda rig with a large, overlapping headsail. Over 150 UFO 34s have been built both in the United Kingdom and Australia.

The UFO 34 is a seaworthy yacht for offshore voyages, including extreme weather conditions, which also performs well in yacht racing. UFO 34 yachts competed both in the disastrous 1979 Fastnet and 1998 Sydney to Hobart yacht races, where lives and yachts were lost in the extreme conditions. UFO 34s performed effectively in both races, winning class IV in the Fastnet race and retiring without incident in the Sydney to Hobart.

Oyster Yachts
Oyster Yachts (formerly Oyster Marine) is a British brand of luxury cruising sailing yachts established in 1973. The company is based in Southampton but with foundation and ongoing strong links to Wroxham  and Ipswich.
Love Ain't Gonna Wait for Us
"Love Ain't Gonna Wait for Us" is a song originally recorded by American country artist Billie Jo Spears. Written by Larry Butler and Ben Peters, the song was released as a single by United Artists Records in October 1978. It reached the top 30 of the American country chart later in the year and served as the title track for Spears's 1978 studio LP. It was given a positive review from Record World magazine.

Love Ain't Gonna Wait for Us (album)
Love Ain't Gonna Wait for Us is a studio album by American country artist Billie Jo Spears. It was released in October 1978 via United Artists Records and contained ten tracks. The disc featured mostly new recordings, along with several cover tunes. It featured a country pop production, overseen by Larry Butler. Two singles were spawned from the album: the title track and a cover of "Yesterday". It received a positive reception from Cashbox magazine.
John Andrew (trade negotiator)
Sir John Andrew KBE (19 August 1896 – 5 August 1968) was a New Zealand farmer, company director, and trade negotiator. He was born at Mosgiel, New Zealand, on 19 August 1896.

In 1953, Andrew was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal. In the 1957 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to farming. He was promoted to Knight Commander of the same order, for public services, in the 1963 Queen's Birthday Honours.

1957 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1957 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1956 and the beginning of 1957, and were announced on 1 January 1957.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Benjamin Huger (general)
Benjamin Huger (November 22, 1805 – December 7, 1877) was a regular officer in the United States Army, who served with distinction as chief of ordnance in the Mexican–American War and in the American Civil War, as a Confederate general. He notably surrendered Roanoke Island and then the rest of the Norfolk, Virginia shipyards, attracting criticism for allowing valuable equipment to be captured. At Seven Pines, he was blamed by General James Longstreet for impeding the Confederate attack and was transferred to an administrative post after a lackluster performance in the Seven Days Battles.

Aztec Club of 1847
The Aztec Club of 1847 is a military society founded in 1847 by United States Army officers of the Mexican–American War. It is a male-only hereditary organization with membership of those who can trace a direct ancestral connection "based on male descent" to those initially eligible or have a "collateral relationship to fourth cousin". Membership is by invitation only and has no membership dues.

Similar to the earlier Society of the Cincinnati, which arose out of the officer class of the American Revolutionary War, the Aztec Club was a precursor of veterans' organizations such as the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and the United Confederate Veterans, which veteran officers formed after the American Civil War.
Malling Abbey
St Mary's Abbey, also known as Malling Abbey, is an abbey of Anglican Benedictine nuns located in West Malling, Kent, England. It was founded around 1090 by Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester and dissolved in 1538. The site became a monastery again in the late 19th century.

West Malling
West Malling (/ˈmɔːlɪŋ/ MAW-ling, historically Town Malling) is a market town in the Tonbridge and Malling district of Kent, England. It has a population of 2,590.

The name Malling derives from the Old English meallaingas meaning 'Mealla's people'.
2023 Melbourne Formula 2 round
The 2023 Melbourne FIA Formula 2 round was a motor racing event held between 31 March and 2 April 2023 at the Albert Park Circuit. It was the third round of the 2023 FIA Formula 2 Championship and was held in support of the 2023 Australian Grand Prix.

Dennis Hauger
Dennis Hauger (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdɛnɪs ˈhœʉ̯ː(ɡ)əɾ]; born 17 March 2003) is a Norwegian racing driver who is set to compete in the IndyCar Series with Dale Coyne Racing. He competed in the 2025 Indy NXT with Andretti Global, winning the championship.

Hauger raced in Formula 2 from 2022 to 2024. He was a member of the Red Bull Junior Team and was the 2021 FIA Formula 3 champion. Hauger also won the 2019 Italian F4 Championship with Van Amersfoort Racing.