hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rocchio algorithm
The Rocchio algorithm is based on a method of relevance feedback found in information retrieval systems which stemmed from the SMART Information Retrieval System developed between 1960 and 1964. Like many other retrieval systems, the Rocchio algorithm was developed using the vector space model. Its underlying assumption is that most users have a general conception of which documents should be denoted as relevant or irrelevant. Therefore, the user's search query is revised to include an arbitrary percentage of relevant and irrelevant documents as a means of increasing the search engine's recall, and possibly the precision as well. The number of relevant and irrelevant documents allowed to enter a query is dictated by the so called weights, i.e. the variables ,  and  listed below in the Algorithm section.

Relevance feedback
Relevance feedback is a feature of some information retrieval and recommender systems.  The idea behind relevance feedback is to take the results that are initially returned from a given query, to gather user feedback, and to use information about whether or not those results are relevant to perform a new query.  We can usefully distinguish between three types of feedback: explicit feedback, implicit feedback, and blind or "pseudo" feedback.
Fiat 500
The Fiat 500 (Italian: Cinquecento, pronounced [ˌtʃiŋkweˈtʃɛnto]) is an economy / city car that was manufactured and marketed by Fiat Automobiles from 1957 until 1975. It was sold as a two-door semi-convertible or saloon car and as a three-door panel van or estate car.

Launched as the Nuova (new) 500 in July 1957, as a successor to the 500 "Topolino", it was an inexpensive and practical small car. Measuring 2,970 mm (9 ft 9 in) long, originally powered by a rear-mounted 479 cc two-cylinder air-cooled engine, the 500 was 245 mm (9.6 in) smaller than the Fiat's 600, launched two years earlier, and is considered one of the first purpose-designed city cars.

In 1959, Dante Giacosa received a Compasso d'Oro industrial design prize for the Fiat 500. This marked the first time a Compasso d’Oro was awarded to an automotive manufacturer.

Cabrio coach
A cabrio coach or semi-convertible is a type of car that has a retractable textile roof, similar to a convertible/cabriolet. The difference is that where a convertible often has the B-pillar, C-pillar and other bodywork removed, the cabrio coach retains all bodywork to the top of the door frames and just replaces the roof skin and rear window with a retractable fabric panel.

An advantage of the cabrio coach, particularly for unibody designs is that retaining more of the car's original structure means that structural rigidity is higher (or the vehicle weight is lower) than traditional cabriolets.

If a vehicle's roof includes metal panels as well as the soft-top, it may be considered to be a canvas top design or a fixed-roof vehicle with a sunroof, instead of being a cabrio-coach. These have the advantage that they may be more easily retrofitted to an existing car; it was a factory option (although listed as a separate model) for the Volkswagen Beetle up to 1963.
The Bluetones (album)
The Bluetones is the fifth album by the eponymous band, released on 9 October 2006.

The album sees the band reunite with producer Hugh Jones, who was at the controls for the band's first two albums, Expecting to Fly and Return to the Last Chance Saloon. Despite largely positive reviews, the album failed to chart in the Top 75 UK Albums Chart after its first week on release. The lead single was "My Neighbour's House", which reached #68 in the UK chart. A second single, "Head on a Spike", was released on 4 December 2006, on CD and download. The third single "Surrendered", was released on 26 February 2007, on CD and download.

The Bluetones
The Bluetones are an English indie rock band, formed in Hounslow, Greater London, in 1993. The band's members are Mark Morriss on vocals, Adam Devlin on guitar, Mark's brother Scott Morriss on bass guitar, and Eds Chesters on drums. A fifth member, Richard Payne, came on board between 1998 and 2002. The band was originally named "The Bottlegarden".

The band has scored thirteen top 40 singles and three top 10 albums on the UK charts.  Although their commercial success waned in the post-Britpop era, they continued to tour and release new records. Their most recent album, A New Athens was released in May 2010.
Baldwin Peninsula
The Baldwin Peninsula (Iñupiaq: Qikiqtaġruk) is a peninsula located on the Arctic Circle in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Alaska, at 66°33′06″N 161°55′44″W﻿ / ﻿66.55167°N 161.92889°W﻿ / 66.55167; -161.92889. It extends 72 km (45 mi) into Kotzebue Sound from the Alaska mainland and defines the south boundary of Hotham Inlet. It is 2–19 km (1.2–11.8 mi) wide and named after Leonard D. Baldwin, a New York City attorney and investor who in conjunction with the Lomen brothers, introduced domesticated reindeer to Alaska, which Inuit in Alaska took part in.

The city of Kotzebue and Ralph Wien Memorial Airport are located at the end of the peninsula. The remainder of Baldwin Peninsula is covered with permafrost and hundreds of tundra lakes.

Ralph Wien Memorial Airport
Ralph Wien Memorial Airport (IATA: OTZ, ICAO: PAOT, FAA LID: OTZ) is a state-owned public-use airport located on the south side of Kotzebue, a city on the Baldwin Peninsula in the Northwest Arctic Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.
Masanori Hata
Masanori Hata (畑 正憲, Hata Masanori, 17 April 1935 – 5 April 2023) was a Japanese zoologist, essayist, and filmmaker. A popular essayist under the pen name Mutsugorō, he was awarded the Kikuchi Kan Prize for his writing in 1977. He was perhaps best known in the West as the director and screenwriter of the 1986 film The Adventures of Milo and Otis.

The Adventures of Milo and Otis
The Adventures of Milo and Otis (子猫物語, Koneko Monogatari; lit. "A Kitten's Story"; alternate English title, The Adventures of Chatran) is a 1986 Japanese adventure comedy-drama film about two animals: Milo, an orange tabby cat, and Otis, a pug. The original Japanese version, narrated by Shigeru Tsuyuki and with poetry recitation by Kyōko Koizumi, was released on July 12, 1986. Fuji TV's international subsidiary, Fujisankei Communications International removed 15 minutes from the original film and released a shorter English-language version, written by Mark Saltzman and narrated by Dudley Moore, in North America by Columbia Pictures on August 25, 1989.
Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm
Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm is a Round 2 wind farm in North Sea off the coast of Norfolk. A lease for use of the sea bed was obtained in 2004 by Scira Offshore Energy (later acquired by Statoil (now Equinor) and Statkraft), the development gained offshore planning consent in 2008, and was constructed 2009–2011, being officially opened in 2012.

The wind farm has 88 Siemens Wind Power 3.6MW turbines (total power 316.8 MW) spread over a 35 km2 (14 sq mi) area over 17 km (11 mi) from shore.

Wells Harbour
Wells Harbour is located in the town of Wells-next-the-Sea in the county of  Norfolk, England. The harbour is 21 miles west of Cromer, 34.8 miles north of Norwich and 123 miles north of London. The harbour lies north of the A149 between King's Lynn and Great Yarmouth. The nearest railway station is now at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport.
Maria McRae
Maria McRae (born c. 1966 in Sudbury, Ontario) is a Canadian lawyer and politician.  She represented the River Ward on Ottawa City Council, covering some of the city's southern suburbs.  Born in Sudbury, Ontario  McRae has an undergraduate degree in biology and a law degree from the University of Western Ontario. She moved to Ottawa in 2000 working as a legal consultant and teaching at Algonquin College. In the 2003 Ottawa election ran to replace the departing Wendy Stewart. McRae, who was endorsed by Stewart, won a large victory against two opponents in the November 10 election. She was re-elected in 2010, but announced that she would not run again in 2014. On council, she was considered a centrist. She lives in the Hunt Club area with her husband, Paul.

2003 Ottawa municipal election
The 2003 Ottawa municipal election was a municipal election that was held in Ottawa to elect the city's mayor, City Council, and school trustees for the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The vote was held on November 10, 2003. The elections were held simultaneously with most other municipalities in Ontario.

The mayoral election was won by popular incumbent and former Liberal Member of Provincial Parliament Bob Chiarelli. His main competition was that of right-wing candidate Terry Kilrea.
Odd Fellows' Hall (Beverly, Massachusetts)
The Odd Fellows' Hall in Beverly, Massachusetts occupies a prominent location on Cabot Street opposite city hall in Beverly Center.  It is a 3+1⁄2-story High Gothic Revival building constructed in 1893 to a design by local architect J. Foster Ober.  Its exterior is clad in brick with trim of granite and brownstone.  Its roof is a cross gable style, steep roof with polychrome bands of slate tiles.  The central portion of the roof is a deck surrounded by a wrought iron railing and is topped by a cupola and weathervane.  One of its notable tenants was President William Howard Taft, who had offices in the building during summer residencies in Beverly.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and included in the Beverly Center Business District in 1984.

Beverly, Massachusetts
Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, and a suburb of Boston. The population was 42,670 at the time of the 2020 United States census. A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, Beverly includes Ryal Side, North Beverly, Centerville, Cove, Montserrat, Beverly Farms and Prides Crossing. Beverly is a rival of Marblehead for the title of "birthplace of the U.S. Navy".
La Bibliothèque oulipienne
La Bibliothèque oulipienne is a collection that hosts the works of the individual and collective members of the Oulipo. The short texts that compose them form a fabric of playful literary creations.

This publication is limited to 150 numbered copies (plus the 50 reserved for members), but these volumes are regularly compiled in volume, at Éditions Seghers, then at Le Castor astral.

Harry Mathews
Harry Mathews (February 14, 1930 – January 25, 2017) was an American writer, the author of various novels, volumes of poetry and short fiction, and essays. Mathews was also a translator of the French language.
Merritt Square Mall
Merritt Square Mall is a shopping mall in Merritt Island, Florida. Opened in 1970, the mall features four anchor stores: J. C. Penney, Dillard's, Macy's, and Ollie's Bargain Outlet with one vacant anchor last occupied by Sears.

Merritt Island, Florida
Merritt Island is a peninsula in Brevard County, Florida, United States, located on the eastern Florida coast, along the Atlantic Ocean.  It is also the name of an unincorporated town in the central and southern parts of the island and a census-designated place (CDP).

The population was 34,518 at the 2020 census, down from 34,743 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center is located on Merritt Island to the north of the town, and Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge is located north of the space center.

The central part of Merritt Island, previously known as Merritt City, is home to the majority of the population and includes the local high school, library, and shopping district.  The southern area is heavily residential, with centralized light commercial and light industrial areas.
Jeff Dunham's Very Special Christmas Special
Jeff Dunham's Very Special  Christmas Special is the third Jeff Dunham special. It was taped at Pabst Theater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on June 7, 2008 and premiered on Comedy Central on November 16, 2008. It was released on DVD November 18, 2008.

Dunham also released his first music album, Don't Come Home for Christmas, on November 4, 2008. It contains original Christmas songs as well as a parody of "Jingle Bells" (sung by Achmed the Dead Terrorist) entitled "Jingle Bombs". All of the songs (except "Jingle Bombs") were written and accompanied by Brian Haner, who joined Dunham's act as "Guitar Guy". Bubba J made his return in this special, singing "Roadkill Christmas".

Don't Come Home for Christmas
Don't Come Home for Christmas is the first album from Jeff Dunham. It was released on November 4, 2008. Two songs were taken from the Jeff Dunham's Very Special Christmas Special, "Jingle Bombs" and "Roadkill Christmas". Both songs were remastered from the album.
The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook
The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook is a book on housekeeping during the British Raj. Flora Annie Steel and Grace Gardiner, each the wife of a British civil servant in India, published the first edition of the book in 1888 after having lived in India for some years. They revised and reprinted the book several times.

The book is significant in modern times as a historical record of daily home living among the British in India. Though it focuses on domestic tasks, it reveals much about British attitudes to India  in the late nineteenth century. Steel and Gardiner's mission was to uphold Victorian standards in Indian kitchens, and in their advice for memsahibs explain how to "make hold" over their Indian servants.

Flora Annie Steel
Flora Annie Steel (2 April 1847 – 12 April 1929) was a writer who lived in British India for 22 years. She was noted especially for books set in the Indian subcontinent or connected with it. Her novel On the Face of the Waters (1896) describes incidents in the Indian Mutiny.
Codename: Asero
Codename: Asero (transl. codename: steel) is a 2008 Philippine television drama science fiction action series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mark A. Reyes and Mike Tuviera, it stars Richard Gutierrez in the title role. It premiered on July 14, 2008 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on November 14, 2008 with a total of 90 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Mark A. Reyes
Marciano Arcega "Mark" Reyes V (born March 28, 1969) is a Filipino film, television and music video director and film writer known for his multi-stranded storylines. He is a resident director and writer of GMA Network.

His work include the film Moments of Love and television series Encantadia, which have both won several awards from various festivals including the New York TV & Film Festival. He is the uncle of the Kapuso actress, Terry Malvar and the nephew of veteran film and television director and writer Jose Javier Reyes, Chairperson of the Film Development Council of the Philippines.
Benny Woit
Benedict Francis Woit (January 7, 1928 – December 7, 2016) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He played in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks between 1951 and 1956. With Detroit he won the Stanley Cup three times, in 1952, 1954, and 1955

1952 Stanley Cup Final
The 1952 Stanley Cup Final was contested by the Detroit Red Wings and the Montreal Canadiens in the first of the four Detroit–Montreal Stanley Cup Final series of the 1950s. The Canadiens were appearing in their second straight Finals series, while Detroit was returning after winning in 1950.

The Red Wings swept the Canadiens in four games, shutting them out twice and allowing one goal in each of the other two games. The Red Wings had also swept the Toronto Maple Leafs to reach the Finals, becoming the first team to go 8–0 in an NHL postseason, and became the first undefeated NHL playoff team since the 1928–29 Boston Bruins went 5–0.
Yuanmingyuan Park station
Yuanmingyuan Park station (simplified Chinese: 圆明园站; traditional Chinese: 圓明園站; pinyin: Yuánmíngyuán zhàn) is a station on Line 4 of the Beijing Subway.  The station is located outside of the south entrance to the Old Summer Palace in Haidian District of Beijing, and immediately faces the Zhengjue Temple (正觉寺) to the north; the main campus of Peking University is to the south. There are three station exits: A, B, and C.

Haidian, Beijing
Haidian (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.

It is 431 km2 (166 sq mi) in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020. According to the latest 2025 census data, the population of Haidian District is 3.122 million.
Edward Close Jr.
Edward Charles Close (21 January 1825 – 19 February 1887) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Morpeth to Sophia Susannah Palmer and Edward Charles Close, who was a British soldier and member of the New South Wales Legislative Council.  On 2 January 1837 he laid the foundation stones of St James's Church of England in Morpeth. He was a pastoralist and landowner and on 24 July 1847 married Louisa Slade Platt, with whom he had four children.

In 1859 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Morpeth, but resigned in 1860, later stating that he did so because it had been a lengthy session of parliament, marked by a power struggle among Charles Cowper, William Forster and John Robertson during which nothing was done. He successfully contested the Morpeth by-election in 1862 before retiring again in 1864.

Close died at St Leonards on 19 February 1887(1887-02-19) (aged 62).

1862 Morpeth colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Morpeth on 18 September 1862 because David Buchanan was insolvent and resigned his seat. Buchanan had unsuccessfully sued the Sydney Morning Herald for libel and was required to pay their legal costs. He was unable to pay and declared himself bankrupt and resigned from parliament. Buchanan re-contested the seat at the resulting by-election but was defeated, with Edward Close Jr. being elected from that electoral district.
Superstition in India
Superstitions in India are prevalent and are based on myths, legends, fables, traditions and stories.

People stop if a black cat crosses their path, or if someone sneezes, auspicious work is postponed. Common superstitions in India today include a black cat crossing the road being bad luck, cutting fingernails/toenails at nighttime is considered to give bad luck, a crow calling meaning that guests are arriving, drinking milk after eating fish causing skin diseases, and itchy palms signaling the arrival of money.

Sanal Edamaruku
Sanal Edamaruku (born 26 May 1955) is an Indian author and rationalist. He is the founder-president and editor of Rationalist International, the president of the Indian Rationalist Association and the author of 36 books and other articles. In 2012, after examining an alleged miracle at a local church in Mumbai, he was charged under India's blasphemy law, causing him to voluntarily exile to Finland.
Herman Levin
Herman Nathaniel Levin (December 1, 1907 – December 27, 1990) was an American attorney and theatrical producer. He is most notable for the original production of My Fair Lady (1956), one of the most successful musicals in Broadway history. He also produced Gentleman Prefer Blondes, and the play The Great White Hope. He won two Tony Awards during his career.

Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is a musical with a book by Joseph Fields and Anita Loos, lyrics by Leo Robin, and music by Jule Styne, based on the best-selling 1925 novel of the same name by Loos. The story involves an American woman's voyage to Paris to perform in a nightclub.

The musical opened on Broadway in 1949 (running for 740 performances and introducing Carol Channing), a London production was mounted in 1962, and there was a Broadway revival in 1995. It was made into a 1953 film of the same name, starring Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe. The popular songs "Bye Bye Baby" and "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" were introduced in this musical. An adaptation called Lorelei (also starring Carol Channing) was performed on Broadway in 1974.
Aloys Wobben
Aloys Wobben (22 January 1952 – 31 July 2021) was a German billionaire businessman, engineer, and the founder and owner of the wind turbine company Enercon. He was one of the 50 richest people in Germany, with a fortune estimated at €4.78 billion, as of November 2020. As of August 2021, Forbes estimated his net worth to be US$7.1 billion.

Aurich
Aurich (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊʁɪç] ⓘ; East Frisian Low Saxon: Auerk; Saterland Frisian: Aurk [ˈau̯ɐk]) is a town in the East Frisian region of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich and is the second largest City in East Frisia, both in population, after Emden, and in area, after Wittmund.
Santo Domingo Kesté
Santo Domingo Kesté is a town in Campeche, Mexico in the Champotón Municipality. In 2010, Santo Domingo Kesté had 3,763 people, and in 2020 Santo Domingo Kesté had a population of 4,461. Santo Domingo Kesté is home to Telesecundaria 87. There is an Awakatek community in Santo Domingo Kesté, and they speak the Qʼeqchiʼ language. Chihua pumpkins,  peanuts, common beans, sesame seeds, sweet potatoes, maize, cassava, and hibiscus are grown in Santo Domingo Kesté, with chihua pumpkins being the most important crop economically.

Champotón Municipality
Champotón Municipality is a municipality within the state of Campeche, including the city of Champotón and the surrounding area.  In 2010 the municipality of Champotón had a population of 83,021 inhabitants. It has an areal extent of 6,088.28 km2 (2,350.7 sq mi).

The municipality also includes the offshore Cayos Arcas, about 140 km northwest of Campeche and 150 km north of the mainland coast of Champotón.
Jazz Casual – Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra and Woody Herman and His Swinging Herd
Jazz Casual - The Thad Jones / Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra, Woody Herman and his Swinging Herd consists of a recording of a Woody Herman and his Swinging Herd appearance from 1963 and a Thad Jones / Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra appearance from 1968 that were combined and released as a single DVD video and also as an audio CD.  Jazz Casual was a KQED-produced television show of studio performances by major jazz musicians.  The same material has also been released in different packages (e.g. a DVD of the Jones/Lewis Orchestra tracks combined with the 1961 appearance of the Dave Brubeck Quartet and the 1962 Modern Jazz Quartet appearance and another DVD including all 3 Woody Herman appearances from 1963 and 1964 which were both also part of an 8 DVD complete set of all 28 Jazz Casual TV episodes.)

The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra
The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra was a jazz big band formed by trumpeter Thad Jones and drummer Mel Lewis in New York in 1965. The band performed for twelve years in its original incarnation, including a 1972 tour of the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War.  The collaboration ended in 1978 with Jones suddenly moving to Copenhagen, Denmark, after which the band became the Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra. Since the death of Lewis in 1990 it has been known as the Vanguard Jazz Orchestra. They have maintained a Monday-night residency at the Village Vanguard jazz club in New York for five decades. The band won Grammy Awards for the album Live in Munich in 1978 and for the album Monday Night Live at the Village Vanguard in 2009.