hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steven Tolman
Steven A. Tolman (born October 2, 1954, in Brighton, Massachusetts) is an American labor union leader who is the past president of the Massachusetts AFL–CIO. He is a former state legislator who served in the Massachusetts Senate (1999–2011), representing the 2nd Suffolk and Middlesex district, and the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1995–1999). Prior to serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he was a commissioner for the Watertown Housing Authority and a member of the Democratic State Committee.

He was elected president of the Massachusetts AFL–CIO on October 6, 2011. He remained in the state senate until October 13, 2011, following the vote on the casino gambling bill.

Tolman is a resident of the Brighton neighborhood in Boston and is a member of the Democratic Party. He is the brother of former state senator Warren Tolman.

Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Suffolk and Middlesex district
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Suffolk and Middlesex district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers 3.8% of Middlesex County and 15.9% of Suffolk County population in 2010. Democrat Will Brownsberger of Belmont has represented the district since 2012.
Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School
The Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School (simplified Chinese: 北京市海淀外国语实验学校; traditional Chinese: 北京市海澱外國語實驗學校; pinyin: Běijīng Shì Hǎidiàn Wàiguóyǔ Shíyàn Xuéxiào "Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Experimental School") or Haiwai (海外 Hǎiwài) in short is a private school in Haidian District, Beijing, China. The school teaches elementary, secondary, and senior high school.

In 1999 the school was founded. It established the Beijing Haidian International School.

In 2011 the school and Lake Shore Public Schools of Metro Detroit, United States signed an agreement to work solely with each other lasting 21 years. The private school sends senior high school students on exchanges to the United States, where they live in a special dormitory established by Lake Shore Schools.

In 2014, the school and Paramus Catholic High School (PC) had established sister school relationship, and launched a new program by sending students to 9th grade for one full school year.

Haidian, Beijing
Haidian (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.

It is 431 km2 (166 sq mi) in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020. According to the latest 2025 census data, the population of Haidian District is 3.122 million.
Seal Team Six: The Raid on Osama Bin Laden
SEAL Team Six: The Raid on Osama Bin Laden is a 2012 American war action television film directed by John Stockwell chronicling the Abbottabad compound raid and killing of Osama bin Laden in 2011 by U.S. Navy SEALs. It first aired on the National Geographic Channel on Sunday, November 4, 2012. The facts in the film were not confirmed or denied by White House officials. Kathleen Robertson and Cam Gigandet have roles. It holds a mixed critic rating on score aggregator Metacritic.

John Stockwell (actor)
John Stockwell Samuels IV (born March 25, 1961) is an American actor and filmmaker. For his work on the television film Cheaters (2000), Stockwell was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special.
Sir Walter Raleigh (play)
Sir Walter Raleigh is a 1719 tragedy by the British writer George Sewell. It is based on the downfall of Walter Raleigh a successful courtier and sailor in the reign of Elizabeth who was executed in the reign of her successor James I. It was originally staged at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, one of the two patent theatres operating in London.

The original cast featured James Quin as Walter Raleigh, Lacy Ryan as Howard, John Leigh as Young Raleigh, John Corey as Salisbury, Christopher Bullock as Gundamor, Thomas Smith as Sir Julius Caesar, John Egleton as Carew, John Ogden as Wade, Anna Maria Seymour as Lady Raleigh and Jane Rogers as Olympia.

John Egleton
John Egleton (1698-1727) was a British stage actor.

He was a member of the Lincoln's Inn Fields company between 1717 and 1726, and also routinely performed at the summer fairs in London. In 1721 he married the actress Jane Giffard.
Norwegian Press Directorate
The Norwegian Press Directorate (Norwegian: Pressedirektoratet) was a Norwegian government agency within the Ministry of Culture and Enlightenment between 1940 and 1945. Anders Beggerud was the director during the entire Second World War.

Anders Beggerud
Anders Beggerud (22 June 1894 in Sandsvær – 22 June 1957) was a Norwegian civil servant during the Nazi regime.

He hailed from Kongsberg, and was a crafts teacher by profession. He was a member of Nasjonal Samling. From 1940 to 1945, during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, Beggerud served as director of the Norwegian Press Directorate, a subdivision of the Ministry of Culture and Enlightenment. He was sentenced to eight years of forced labor as a part of the legal purge in Norway after World War II.
Selection algorithm
In computer science, a selection algorithm is an algorithm for finding the th smallest value in a collection of orderable values, such as numbers. The value that it finds is called the th order statistic. Selection includes as special cases the problems of finding the minimum, median, and maximum element in the collection. Selection algorithms include quickselect, and the median of medians algorithm. When applied to a collection of  values, these algorithms take linear time,  as expressed using big O notation. For data that is already structured, faster algorithms may be possible; as an extreme case, selection in an already-sorted array takes time .

Order statistic
In statistics, the kth order statistic of a statistical sample is equal to its kth-smallest value. 
Given a sample of size , the kth order statistic is denoted , with .
Together with rank statistics, order statistics are among the most fundamental tools in non-parametric statistics and inference.

Important special cases of the order statistics are the minimum and maximum value of a sample, and (with some qualifications discussed below) the sample median and other sample quantiles.

When using probability theory to analyze order statistics of random samples from a continuous distribution, the cumulative distribution function is used to reduce the analysis to the case of order statistics of the uniform distribution.
Saint Mark Between Saints Leonard and Catherine of Alexandria
St Mark with Saints Leonard and Catherine of Alexandria (Italian San Marco tra San Leonardo e Santa Caterina d'Alessandria) is an oil painting by Francesco Beccaruzzi. It is preserved in the cathedral in Conegliano, the artist's hometown.

Francesco Beccaruzzi
Francesco Beccaruzzi (c. 1492–1562) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance era, active near his hometown of Conegliano and in the neighborhood of Treviso. He was influenced by both Il Pordenone and later Titian. He painted Saint Francis receiving stigmata (1545) from Conegliano, but now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice.
Chobham Rugby
Chobham Rugby Football Club; founded in 1967, is a community rugby union club run by volunteers and based at Fowlers Wells in Chobham, Surrey. Chobham RFC has more than 2000 members with players in senior (men and women), boys and girls minis and juniors, walking and touch rugby teams participating in a full annual programme of fixtures; including friendly games, leagues and festivals. They also run a Mixed Ability Team – The Surrey Chargers. The 1st XV team participates in Regional 2 South Central; the sixth tier of the English rugby union system, having won Counties 1 Surrey/Sussex in 2022–23. Their highest league position finish was second in London 1 in 2014–15; tier six.

Counties 1 Surrey/Sussex
Counties 1 Surrey/Sussex is an English level 7 rugby union regional league for rugby clubs in London and the south-east of England including sides from Surrey, Greater London (in locations that were historically part of Surrey), East Sussex and West Sussex.  Administration of the leagues is divided between Surrey Rugby, Sussex Rugby and the London & SE RFU. The current champions are Twickenham.
TÜBİTAK National Observatory
TÜBİTAK National Observatory (Turkish: TÜBİTAK Ulusal Gozlemevi, TUG) is a ground-based astronomical observatory operated by the TUG Institute of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). Established in 1991, it is located at an altitude of 2,450 m (8,040 ft) in Bakırtepe, around 50 km (31 mi) west-southwest of Antalya in southern Turkey.

There are five telescopes installed in Bakırtepe:

RTT150 - Russian-Turkish 1.5-m Telescope (formerly AZT-22) (2001)

T100 (ACE RC1.0) - 1.0 m Ritchey–Chrétien telescope (2009)

T60 (OMI RC06) - 0.6 m Ritchey–Chrétien telescope (2008)

YT40 (Meade LX200GPS) - 0.4 m Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope (2006)

ROTSEIIID Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment

Meade LX200
The Meade LX200 is a family of Schmidt–Cassegrain commercial telescopes produced by Meade Instruments launched in 1992.

The advantage of the LX200 was price for its performance, which was accomplished by using electronics and software to equal the pointing performance of more expensive systems. Software and optical encoders corrected for errors, and the telescope also came with auto-guiding CCD and planetarium software.
Gonçalo Alves
Gonçalo Nuno Borges Ferreira Gomes Alves (born 1 July 1977) is a Portuguese former futsal player who played as a winger and defender.

At club level, he most notably represented Benfica, with whom he won 18 major titles in 11 seasons – the last 6 years as team captain. On 8 October 2014, he retired from international duty as the most capped player of all time for the Portugal national team.

After ending his career as player, Alves became team manager of Benfica.

S.L. Benfica (futsal)
Sport Lisboa e Benfica (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈpɔɾ liʒˈβoɐ i βɐ̃jˈfikɐ] ⓘ), commonly known as Benfica, is a professional futsal team based in Lisbon, Portugal, that plays in the Liga Portuguesa de Futsal, where they are the current champions.

Since its creation in 2001, the team has been a challenger for the domestic championship, and they won at least one trophy per season between 2005 and 2013. In 2006–07 and 2011–12, Benfica won all Portuguese competitions at the time (3). Benfica became the first Portuguese team to win the UEFA Futsal Champions League (then "UEFA Futsal Cup"), in 2010, and were ranked first in the competition's ranking two years later.

Benfica is the second-most decorated team in Portugal, with a total 31 trophies: 9 Portuguese League titles, 8 Portuguese Cups, 4 League Cups, 9 Super Cups, and 1 UEFA Futsal Champions League.
David Cohen (entrepreneur)
David Cohen (born 1968) is an American entrepreneur and the founder of Pinpoint Technologies, iContact.com, and Earfeeder. He is also an angel investor with a portfolio of more than 100 companies. Cohen is best known as the co-founder of Techstars, a mentorship-based startup accelerator.

He and Brad Feld co-authored Do More Faster: Techstars Lessons to Accelerate Your Startup.

Brad Feld
Brad Feld (born December 1, 1965) is an American entrepreneur, author, blogger, and venture capitalist at Foundry Group in Boulder, Colorado, a firm he started with partners Seth Levine, Ryan McIntyre, and Jason Mendelson.

Feld began financing technology startups in the early 1990s, first as an angel and later an institutional investor. Feld was an early investor in Harmonix, Zynga, MakerBot, and Fitbit.
Iwaya Dam
The Iwaya Dam (Iwaya Damu) is a dam in the city of Gero, Gifu Prefecture, Japan on the Maze River, part of the Kiso River system. The dam is a rockfill dam with a height of 127 meters and was constructed as a multipurpose dam for flood control, supply of municipal and industrial water, irrigation water and hydroelectric power generation. The reservoir created by the dam supplies the Chubu Electric Power Company's Mazegawa No.1 Power plant with a capacity of 288 MW hydroelectric power station.

157 households were flooded during the construction of the dam.

Maze River (Japan)
The Maze River (馬瀬川, Maze-gawa) is a river in Japan which originates in Takayama, Gifu. It flows through Gero before emptying into the Hida River. Due to its clear waters, it is home to the Japanese giant salamander.
Hôtel de Ville, Valenciennes
The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil], City Hall) is a municipal building in Valenciennes, Nord, north France, standing on the Place d'Armes. It was designated a monument historique by the French government in 2001.

Valenciennes
Valenciennes (/ˌvælɒ̃ˈsjɛn/, also UK: /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/, US: /-nz, vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn(z)/, French: [valɑ̃sjɛn] ⓘ; also Dutch: Valencijn; Picard: Valincyinnes or Valinciennes; Latin: Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.

It lies on the Scheldt (French: Escaut) river. Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded.
Goldberg–Seymour conjecture
In graph theory, the Goldberg–Seymour conjecture states that, for a multigraph

where  is the edge chromatic number of G,  is its maximum degree, and

This above quantity is twice the arboricity of G. It is sometimes called the density of G.

Here, G can be a multigraph and can have loops. For simple graphs, this result follows from Vizing's theorem.

Arboricity
The arboricity of an undirected graph is the minimum number of forests into which its edges can be partitioned. Equivalently it is the minimum number of spanning forests needed to cover all the edges of the graph. The Nash-Williams theorem provides necessary and sufficient conditions for when a graph is k-arboric.
XQuartz
XQuartz is an open-source version of the X.Org X server, a display server for the X Window System (sometimes shortened to X11 or X) that runs on macOS.  In 2012, it formally replaced Apple's internal X11 app for OS X Mountain Lion (version 10.8). The name "XQuartz" derives from Quartz, part of the macOS Core Graphics framework, to which XQuartz connects these applications. XQuartz allows cross-platform applications using X11 for the GUI to run on macOS, many of which are not specifically designed for macOS. This includes numerous scientific and academic software projects.

Windowing system
In computing, a windowing system (or window system) is a software suite that manages separately different parts of display screens. It is a type of graphical user interface (GUI) which implements the WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointer) paradigm for a user interface.

Each currently running application is assigned a usually resizable and usually rectangular surface of the display to present its GUI to the user; these windows may overlap each other, as opposed to a tiling interface where they are not allowed to overlap. Usually a window decoration is drawn around each window. The programming of both the window decoration and of available widgets inside of the window, which are graphical elements for direct user interaction, such as sliders, buttons, etc., is eased and simplified through the use of widget toolkits.
Kenneth Beck
Kenneth Melwyn Beck (April 19, 1915 – May 1, 1982) was an American water polo player who competed with the U.S. team at the Summer Olympics in 1936 and 1948. He later had a long career as a detective with the Los Angeles Police Department.

Beck was born in Lovelock, Nevada on April 19, 1995. He played water polo for Southern California's Inglewood High School in Los Angeles. He greatly improved his skills playing for the highly competitive Los Angeles Athletic Club (LAAC) from 1930–1948, where he served on teams that won the AAU Sr. National Outdoor Championship in both 1941, and 1947. By June 1947, he played with several outstanding fellow Los Angeles area Water Polo players on the LAAC who would compete with him as team mates on the 1948 U.S. Olympic team including Bob Bray of Fullerton Jr. College, Lee Case of USC, and Devere Christensen and Dixon Fiske of UCLA.

USA Water Polo Hall of Fame
The USA Water Polo Hall of Fame, located in Irvine, California, is a hall of fame dedicated to honoring players, coaches and officials who have contributed greatly to the game of water polo in the United States of America. It was established in 1976 by the USA Water Polo, which is the national governing body in the country.
Canisteo Living Sign
The Canisteo Living Sign is a historic civic project that was built by Ed Childs and Harry Smith, donated to the Canisteo School District, that also served as a navigational aid, located at Canisteo in Steuben County, New York.  The sign consists of a set of 260 pine trees that spell out the name "Canisteo."  They occupy a space approximately 90 feet (27 m) long and 300 feet (91 m) wide.  The sign was originally laid out in 1933. The sign was cleared in April 2016 and subsequently replanted beginning in May 2016 due to a number of dead and dying trees.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

The sign can be seen as an unconventional form of hillside letters.

Hillside letters
Hillside letters or mountain monograms are a form of hill figures common in the Western United States, consisting of large single letters, abbreviations, or messages displayed on hillsides, typically created and maintained by schools or towns. There are approximately 500 of these geoglyphs, ranging in size from a few feet to hundreds of feet tall. Hillside letters form an important part of the western cultural landscape, as they function as symbols of school pride and civic identity.
Garbeta
Garbeta is a census town in the Garhbeta I CD block in the Medinipur Sadar subdivision of the Paschim Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is on the bank of the Shilabati river. Gar in Bengali means a nullah. The boundary of the earlier town was surrounded by a small nullah.

Paschim Medinipur district
Paschim Medinipur  (English: West Medinipur, alternative spelling Midnapore) district is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal, India. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the partition of Midnapore into Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur. On 4 April 2017, the Jhargram subdivision was upgraded to a district. GDP of West Midnapore district is 12 billion USD.
Siege of Gaeta (1707)
The  siege of Gaeta was a three-month siege of the Italian city of Gaeta in 1707 by the forces of the Austrian monarchy under Wirich Philipp von Daun, during the War of the Spanish Succession.  It ended on 30 September with the total destruction of the city's historic fortifications.

Wirich Philipp von Daun
Count Wirich Philipp von Daun (19 October 1669 – 30 July 1741) was an Austrian Field Marshal of the Imperial Army in the War of Spanish Succession, and father of the better known Leopold Josef Graf Daun. In 1710 he was created Prince of Teano.
Francis Dessain
Francis Joseph Dessain (25 July 1875 – 23 August 1951) was a Belgian lawyer, priest, and footballer who played as a forward for Royal Léopold at the turn of the century. He served as the fifth president of the Royal Belgian Football Association from 1945 until 1951, as well as the second president of K.V. Mechelen for 45 years, from 1906 until he died in 1951, being replaced by his nephew Patrick Dessain.

He is the younger brother of Charles Dessain, who was mayor of Mechelen for over 25 years.

Royal Belgian Football Association
The Royal Belgian Football Association (RBFA; Dutch: Koninklijke Belgische Voetbalbond; French: Union royale belge des sociétés de football association; German: Königlicher Belgischer Fußballverband) is the governing body of football in Belgium. It was a founding member of FIFA in 1904 and UEFA in 1954 and was based in Brussels, not far from the King Baudouin Stadium. Since October 2021, the headquarters of the RBFA are located in Tubize, next to its technical centre. Its chairman is Robert Huygens.
Liudmyla Babak
Liudmyla Babak (Ukrainian: Людмила Петрівна Бабак; born 1 April 1997 in Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian sprint and marathon canoer. She is a three-time bronze medalist of the European Championships, with her first medal coming from the 2018 Europeans.

Babak specialises in canoe marathon competitions. She is the World and European champion.

Enerhodar
Enerhodar (/ˌɛnərˈhoʊdɑːr/ EN-ər-HOH-dar; Ukrainian: Енергодар, IPA: [enerɦoˈdɑr], lit. 'energy's gift'; Russian: Энергодар, romanized: Energodar) is a city and municipality in the northwest of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine. It is on the left bank of the Dnieper River, on the opposite side of the Kakhovka Reservoir from Nikopol and Chervonohryhorivka. Its main industry is electricity generation, at coal-fired and large nuclear power stations. It has an estimated population of 52,237 (2022 estimate). About 11,000 residents work at the nuclear power station. Since early 2022, it has been under Russian occupation.
Plainfield, Illinois
Plainfield is a village in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 44,762 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.

The village includes land in Will County's Plainfield and Wheatland townships, as well as Na-Au-Say and Oswego townships in Kendall County. With the growth in the Chicago suburbs in the 1990s and 2000s, the village has seen a population increase from 4,500 in 1990 to nearly 45,000 in 2020. It is midway between the cities of Naperville and Joliet in Chicago's collar counties.

The village has established a community Preservation Commission and historic preservation ordinance. It is the home of the Lake Renwick Preserve, a county forest preserve used for birdwatching and other activities. Located south of Village Hall is Settlers' Park, which includes a lake, war monument, open space, and more. The park presents outdoor concerts to the public in the summer.

Will County, Illinois
Will County is located in the northeastern part of the state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 696,355, an increase of 2.8% from 677,560 in 2010, making it Illinois's fourth-most populous county. The county seat is Joliet. Will County is one of the five collar counties of the Chicago metropolitan area. The portion of Will County around Joliet uses area codes 815 and 779, while 630 and 331 are for far northern Will County and 708 is for central and eastern Will County.
Seattle City Hall
Seattle City Hall (also known as the Seattle Municipal Building) is the home of the offices of the mayor and city council of Seattle, Washington, located between 4th Avenue and 5th Avenue in the downtown area of the city. Most city departments have their offices in the nearby Seattle Municipal Tower. In 2003, the Seattle city government moved into a new, "green" city hall building. Until 1962, the city government operated from the King County Courthouse, alongside the King County government.  The new City Hall and Plaza, together with the adjacent Seattle Municipal Tower, Seattle Justice Center, and (unbuilt) Civic Square, comprise the Seattle Civic Center.

Downtown Seattle
Downtown is the central business district of Seattle, Washington. It is fairly compact compared with other city centers on the U.S. West Coast due to its geographical situation, being hemmed in on the north and east by hills, on the west by Elliott Bay, and on the south by reclaimed land that was once tidal flats. It is bounded on the north by Denny Way, beyond which are Lower Queen Anne (sometimes known as "Uptown"), Seattle Center, and South Lake Union; on the east by Interstate 5, beyond which is Capitol Hill to the northeast and Central District to the east; on the south by S Dearborn Street, beyond which is Sodo; and on the west by Elliott Bay, a part of Puget Sound.