hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bronocice pot
The Bronocice pot (Polish: Waza z Bronocic) is a ceramic vase incised with one of the earliest known depictions of a wheeled vehicle. It was discovered in the village of Bronocice near the Nidzica River in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Attributed to the Funnelbeaker archaeological culture, radiocarbon tests dated the pot to the mid-fourth millennium BCE. Today it is housed at the Archaeological Museum of Kraków in southern Poland.

Wheel
A wheel is a rotating component (typically circular in shape) intended to turn on an axle bearing. The wheel is one of the key components of the wheel and axle which is one of the six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction with axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. Wheels are also used for other purposes, such as a ship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel, and flywheel.

Common examples can be found in transport applications. A wheel reduces friction by facilitating motion by rolling together with the use of axles. In order for a wheel to rotate, a moment must be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by gravity or by the application of another external force or torque.
Patrologia Graeca
The Patrologia Graeca (PG, or Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca) is an edited collection of writings by the Church Fathers and various secular writers, in the Greek language. It consists of 161 volumes published in 1857–1866 by Jacques Paul Migne's Imprimerie Catholique, in Paris.

George Hamartolos
George Hamartolos or Hamartolus (Greek: Γεώργιος Ἁμαρτωλός) was a monk at Constantinople under Michael III (842–867) and the author of a chronicle of some importance. Hamartolus is not his name but the epithet he gives to himself in the title of his work: "A compendious chronicle from various chroniclers and interpreters, gathered together and arranged by George, a sinner (ὐπὸ Γεωργίου ἁμαρτωλοῦ)". It is a common form among Byzantine monks. German 19th century scholar Karl Krumbacher (Byz. Litt., 358) protested against the use of this epithet as a name and proposed (and used) the form Georgios Monachos (Γεώργιος Μοναχός "George the Monk").

Nothing is known about him except from the internal evidence of his work, which establishes his period (in the preface he speaks of Michael III as the reigning emperor) and his calling (he refers to himself several times as a monk).
21st Century Media
21st Century Media was an American media company.  It was the successor of Ingersoll Publications and Journal Register Company, and it was succeeded by Digital First Media.

The company operated more than 350 multi-platform products in 992 communities. On April 5, 2013, the assets of Journal Register Company and its affiliates were sold to 21st CMH Acquisition Co. The Journal Register Company then became known as 21st Century Media.

The company was led by CEO John Paton. He argued that the Journal Register needed to transform from a newspaper company to a "digital first, print last" company. Paton, formerly CEO of ImpreMedia, initiated this change on February 1, 2010, by announcing he would provide all reporters with Flip video cameras as a sign of his commitment to the company's digital transformation.

In 2013, MediaNews Group and 21st Century Media merged into Digital First Media. Digital First Media is owned by Alden Global Capital.

Ralph Ingersoll (PM publisher)
Ralph McAllister Ingersoll (December 8, 1900 in New Haven, Connecticut – March 8, 1985 in Miami Beach, Florida) was an American writer, editor, and publisher. He is best known as founder and publisher of PM, a short-lived 1940s New York City left-wing daily newspaper that was financed by Chicago millionaire Marshall Field III.
Angioid streaks
Angioid streaks, also called Knapp streaks or Knapp striae, are small breaks in Bruch's membrane, an elastic tissue containing membrane of the retina that may become calcified and crack. Up to 50% of angioid streak cases are idiopathic. It may occur secondary to blunt trauma, or it may be associated with many systemic diseases. The condition is usually asymptomatic, but decrease in vision may occur due to choroidal neovascularization.

Bruch's membrane
Bruch's membrane or lamina vitrea is the innermost layer of the choroid of the eye. It is also called the vitreous lamina or Membrane vitriae, because of its glassy microscopic appearance. It is 2–4 μm thick.
Wilfried Seyferth
Wilfried Seyferth (21 April 1908 – 9 October 1954) was a German actor, perhaps best known for Decision Before Dawn.

He was married four times, to four actresses, Eva Ingeborg Scholz, Tatjana Iwanow, Irene Naef and Lu Säuberlich. He died in a traffic accident on 9 October 1954 in Wiesbaden, Hesse.

Decision Before Dawn
Decision Before Dawn is a 1951 American war film directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Richard Basehart, Oskar Werner and Hans Christian Blech. It tells the story of the U.S. Army using potentially unreliable German prisoners of war to gather intelligence as clandestine "line-crossers" in the closing days of World War II. The film was adapted by Peter Viertel and Jack Rollens (uncredited) from the novel Call It Treason by George L. Howe. Decision Before Dawn was a critical success and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Huperzioideae
Huperzioideae is a subfamily of lycopsids in the family Lycopodiaceae. It has sometimes been recognized as a separate family, Huperziaceae. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) recognizes three extant genera:

Huperzia (temperate firmosses); about 25 species; terrestrial.

Phlegmariurus (tropical firmosses); about 250 species; previously included in Huperzia; mainly epiphytes.

Phylloglossum (pygmy clubmoss); formerly thought to be only distantly related to Huperzia. This is a terrestrial, grass-like plant with basal, 2–5 cm long, fleshy leaves. The only accepted species is Phylloglossum drummondii.

The plants are distinct from those of other members of the Lycopodiaceae in having erect (not creeping) growth; and in their spore-bearing structures being produced in the axils of unmodified leaves, rather than in terminal club-like structures. The subfamily also has a basal chromosome count of n=67, versus counts of n=23, 34 in the Lycopodiaceae.

Phlegmariurus
Phlegmariurus is a genus of lycophyte plants in the family Lycopodiaceae. The genus is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by some other sources, which keep it in a broadly defined Huperzia.
Bathgate, North Dakota
Bathgate is a city in Pembina County, North Dakota, United States. It sits on the banks of the Tongue River. The population was 47 at the 2020 census.  Bathgate was founded in 1881.  In 1908, the North Dakota School for the Blind was placed in Bathgate.  The building still stands and is now occupied by a publishing company. Bathgate was the childhood home of former world-champion speed skater and figure skater Norval Baptie.

North Dakota Vision Services/School for the Blind
North Dakota Vision Services/School for the Blind (NDVS/SB, Braille: ⠝⠙⠧⠎⠎⠃) is a branch of the North Dakota government offering services to visually impaired residents of all ages in North Dakota. It is centered in Grand Forks, with regional offices in Bismarck, Fargo, Jamestown, and Minot.

The institution was founded in 1908 as the North Dakota School for the Blind (NDSB) in Bathgate; it moved to its current location in Grand Forks in 1961. The North Dakota Legislative Assembly officially changed the name to North Dakota Vision Services/School for the Blind in 2001.
Joseph-König-Gymnasium
Joseph-König-Gymnasium is the only gymnasium in the Westphalian city of Haltern am See. With 1,360 students, it is one of the larger high schools in North Rhine-Westphalia. The school is named after the German chemist Joseph König. It continues tradition of 1844 founded 'Höhere Stadtschule' and later 'Städtisches Gymnasium Haltern'. It shares buildings with 'Alexander-Lebenstein-Realschule'.

On March 24, 2015, 16 of its students and two of its teachers were among the passengers murdered when the co-pilot of Germanwings Flight 9525 intentionally crashed into the French Alps. They were on their way home from a student exchange with the Giola Institute in Llinars del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain. Haltern's then mayor, Bodo Klimpel, has described it as "the darkest day in the history of our city".

Joseph König (chemist)
Franz Joseph König (15 November 1843 – 12 April 1930) was a German chemist noted among other things as the founder of German food chemistry. He developed many analytical techniques and created the foundations for the modern quality control of foodstuffs.
Whirlpool of Desire
Whirlpool of Desire (French: Remous) is a 1935 French drama film directed by Edmond T. Gréville and starring Jeanne Boitel, Jean Galland, Maurice Maillot, and Françoise Rosay. The screenplay was written by American writer Peggy Thompson and André Doderet. It was shot at the Saint-Maurice Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by art director Pierre Schild.

Film censorship in the United States
Film censorship in the United States was a frequent feature of the industry almost from the beginning of the U.S. motion picture industry until the end of strong self-regulation in 1966. Court rulings in the 1950s and 1960s severely constrained government censorship, though statewide regulation lasted until at least the 1980s.
Charles Wuorinen
Charles Peter Wuorinen ( /ˈwɔːrɪnən/, Finnish: [ˈʋuorinen]; June 9, 1938 – March 11, 2020) was an American composer of contemporary classical music based in New York City. He also performed as a pianist and conductor. Wuorinen composed more than 270 works: orchestral music, chamber music, solo instrumental and vocal works, and operas, such as Brokeback Mountain (2014). His work was termed serialist but he came to disparage that idea as meaningless. Time's Encomium, his only purely electronic piece, received the 1970 Pulitzer Prize. Wuorinen taught at several institutions, including Columbia University, Rutgers University and the Manhattan School of Music.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Nord and Bert Couldn't Make Head or Tail of It
Nord and Bert Couldn't Make Head or Tail of It is an interactive fiction video game written by Jeff O'Neill and published by Infocom in 1987. It was released simultaneously for Amiga, Apple II, Atari ST, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, and Mac. Nord and Bert is unique among Infocom games in that it presents wordplay puzzles. It was Infocom's twenty-seventh game.

Infocom
Infocom, Inc. was an American software company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that produced numerous works of interactive fiction. They also produced a business application, a relational database called Cornerstone.

Infocom was founded on June 22, 1979, by staff and students of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and lasted as an independent company until 1986, when it was bought by Activision. Activision shut down the Infocom division in 1989, although they released some titles in the 1990s under the Infocom Zork brand. Activision abandoned the Infocom trademark in 2002.
Seventh Mountain, Oregon
Seventh Mountain is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Deschutes County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. The community lies along the west bank of the Deschutes River southwest of Bend.

Century Drive Highway, part of the Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway, connects Bend to Seventh Mountain. From Seventh Mountain, the byway runs west to Mount Bachelor and its ski area. The CDP is closely associated with the Seventh Mountain Resort, which includes 21 lodging buildings with more than 200 condominiums.

As of the 2020 census, Seventh Mountain had a population of 407. The CDP covers an area of 2.0 square miles (5.1 km2).

Deschutes County, Oregon
Deschutes County (/dəˈʃuːts/ də-SHOOTS) is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 198,253. The county seat is Bend. The county was created in 1916 out of part of Crook County and was named for the Deschutes River, which itself was named by French-Canadian trappers of the early 19th century. It is the political and economic hub of Central Oregon. Deschutes comprises the Bend, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area and media market. Deschutes is Oregon's fastest-growing and most recently formed county.
Nordagutu
Nordagutu is a village in Midt-Telemark Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located along the river Sauarelva, just south of the southern end of the lake Heddalsvatnet. The village of lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Holtsås, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the village of Akkerhaugen, and just across the river from the village of Sauherad.

The 0.37-square-kilometre (91-acre) village has a population (2022) of 325 and a population density of 886 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,290/sq mi).

Nordagutu train station is a part of the Bratsberg Line, and it serves as a junction between the Vestfold Line and Sørlandet Line.

Bratsberg Line
The Bratsberg Line (Norwegian: Bratsbergbanen) is a 74-kilometre-long (46 mi) railway line between Eidanger and Notodden in Telemark county, Norway. It opened in 1917, connecting the Tinnos Line, the Sørland Line and the Vestfold Line; allowing Norsk Hydro to transport fertilizer from their plant at Rjukan to the port in Skien. Since 1991 only passenger trains are operated, using Class 69 stock by Vy.

The railway is single track and features Norway's tallest railway bridge, Hjukse Bridge at 65 metres (213 ft). It is owned by the Norwegian National Rail Administration
Morgan's
Henry Morgan & Company (colloquially Morgan's) was a Canadian department store chain founded by Henry Morgan in 1845. The first store was in Montreal, and expanded to include 11 stores in Ontario and Quebec before being bought by Hudson's Bay Company in 1960. Most Ontario stores were converted to  The Bay in 1968 and the Morgan's locations in Quebec were renamed La Baie in 1972.

The flagship store was in the Henry Morgan Building in Downtown Montreal, and remained a flagship property of the Hudson's Bay Company until its bankruptcy and liquidation in 2025.

Sparks Street
Sparks Street (French: Rue Sparks) is a pedestrian mall in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was a main street in Ottawa that was converted into an outdoor pedestrian street in 1967, making it the earliest such street or mall in Canada.

Sparks runs from Elgin Street in the east to Bronson Avenue in the west.  The Sparks Street Mall, which contains a number of outdoor restaurants and several works of art and fountains, only runs from Elgin to Bank Street.  The pedestrian-only portion continues for another two blocks westward. The final two blocks, west of Lyon Street, consist of a regular road, merging into Bronson Avenue heading south.

The mall and most of the buildings on the south side are owned and operated by the National Capital Commission.  Buildings on the north side of the mall were expropriated by the Government of Canada in 1973, and are currently operated by Public Works and Government Services Canada.
Fire Over the Sea
Fire Over the Sea (Italian: Fiamme sul mare) is a 1947 Italian drama film directed by Michał Waszyński and Vittorio Cottafavi and starring Carlo Ninchi Evi Maltagliati and Silvana Jachino. It was shot at the Farnesina Studios of Titanus in Rome. The film's were designed by the art director Gastone Medin. It earned 45 million lira at the box office.

Michał Waszyński
Michał Waszyński (29 September 1904 – 20 February 1965) was first a film director in  Poland, then in Italy, and later (as Michael Waszynski) a producer of major American films, mainly in Spain. Known for his elegance and impeccable manners, he was known by his acquaintances as "the prince".
Carmelites
The Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Beatissimæ Virginis Mariæ de Monte Carmelo; abbreviated OCarm), known as the Carmelites or sometimes by synecdoche known simply as Carmel, is a mendicant order in the Catholic Church for both men and women. Historical records about its origin remain uncertain; it was probably founded in the 12th century on Mount Carmel in the Holy Land.

Martyrs of Compiègne
The Martyrs of Compiègne were the 16 members of the Carmel of Compiègne, France: 11 Discalced Carmelite nuns, three lay sisters, and two externs (or tertiaries). They were executed by the guillotine towards the end of the Reign of Terror, at what is now the Place de la Nation in Paris on 17 July 1794, and are venerated as martyr saints of the Catholic Church. Ten days after their execution, Maximilien Robespierre himself was executed, ending the Reign of Terror. Their story has inspired a novella, a motion picture, a television movie, and an opera, Dialogues of the Carmelites, written by French composer Francis Poulenc.
KPSA-FM
KPSA-FM (98.5 FM, "98.5 The Planet") is a radio station licensed to serve Lordsburg, New Mexico, United States. The station, established in 1986, is currently owned by Cochise Media Licenses, LLC. The station is a member of the New Mexico Broadcasters Association.

Lordsburg, New Mexico
Lordsburg is a city in and the county seat of Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. Hidalgo County includes the southern "bootheel" of New Mexico, along the Arizona border. The population was 2,335 at the 2020 census.
Codex Koridethi
Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on parchment. It is designated by the siglum Θ or 038 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and as ε050  in the Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 9th century CE. The manuscript has several gaps. It has been considered by scholars as a leading member of the Caesarean text-type in the Gospel of Mark.

Minuscule 28
Minuscule 28, formerly known as Colbertinus 4705, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. It is designated by the siglum 28 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 168 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 11th-century. It contains marginal notes (marginalia), and has several gaps.
Cherevichki
Cherevichki (Russian: Черевички listenⓘ, Ukrainian: Черевички), The Slippers  is a comic-fantastic opera in 4 acts, 8 scenes, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was composed in 1885 in Maidanovo, near Klin, Russia. The libretto was written by Yakov Polonsky, and is based on the story "Christmas Eve", part of the 1832 collection Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, by Nikolai Gogol. The opera is a revision of Tchaikovsky's earlier opera Vakula the Smith. The work was first performed in 1887 in Moscow.

Christmas Eve (Gogol)
"Christmas Eve" (Russian: Ночь пе́ред Рождество́м, Noch pered Rozhdestvom, Ukrainian: Ніч перед Різдвом, Nich pered Rizdvom, which literally translates as "The Night Before Christmas") is the first story in the second volume of the 1832 collection Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka by Nikolai Gogol.
Reactor (video game)
Reactor is a 1982 action game developed and published by Gottlieb for arcades. The object of the game is to cool down the core of a nuclear reactor without being pushed into its walls by swarms of subatomic particles. Reactor was developed by Tim Skelly, who previously designed and programmed a series of vector graphics arcade games for Cinematronics, including Rip Off. It was the first arcade game to credit the developer on the title screen. Reactor was ported to the Atari 2600 by Charlie Heath and published by Parker Brothers in 1983.

Parker Brothers
Parker Brothers (known as Parker outside of North America) was an American toy and game manufacturer which in 1991 became a brand of Hasbro. More than 1,800 games were published under the Parker Brothers name since 1883. It remained family owned until bought in 1968, and branched into Nerf toys and media. Among its products were Monopoly, Clue (licensed from the British publisher and known as Cluedo outside of North America), Sorry!, Risk, Trivial Pursuit, Ouija, Aggravation, Bop It, Scrabble (under a joint partnership with Milton Bradley in the United States and Canada), and Probe. In the 21st century, the trade name ceased use, with former products being marketed under the "Hasbro Gaming" label, with the logo shown on Monopoly games.
Sztombergi
Sztombergi [ʂtɔmˈbɛrɡi] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Staszów, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Staszów and 53 km (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Staszów
Gmina Staszów is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Staszów, which lies approximately 53 kilometres (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 227.52 square kilometres (87.8 sq mi), and as of 2010 its total population is  26,077 (out of which the population of Staszów amounts to  15,108, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is  10,969).
International Civil Society Centre
The International Civil Society Centre (or ICS Centre) is a civil society organisation founded in 2007, located in Berlin. The organisation was initially founded under the name of Berlin Civil Society Centre as a not-for-profit company (GgmbH) by Peter Eigen, former chair of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and founder of Transparency International. It was co-founded by Burkhard Gnärig, former CEO of Save the Children International, Greenpeace Germany and terre des hommes Germany.

The team is composed of 16 persons, with Wolfgang Jamann as executive director.

Peter Eigen
Peter Eigen (born June 11, 1938) is a German lawyer and development economist. He is also the founder of Transparency International (TI), a non-governmental organization with national chapters in over 100 countries.
Signs of a Vacant Soul
Signs of a Vacant Soul is Virgos Merlot's first and only album. It was released on March 2, 1999 by Atlantic Records. The album's only single, "Gain," had moderate radio play and reached #40 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart.
The band later reformed, minus guitarist Marchant, as "Virgos".

The opening track, "The Cycle", has been featured in an episode of The Sopranos, "...To Save Us All from Satan's Power".

To Save Us All from Satan's Power
"To Save Us All from Satan's Power" is the 36th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the 10th of the show's third season. It was written by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, and directed by Jack Bender, and originally aired on April 29, 2001.