hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La bohème (Leoncavallo)
La bohème is an Italian opera in four acts, with music and libretto by Ruggero Leoncavallo, based on Scènes de la vie de bohème (1851) by Henri Murger. The opera received a successful premiere at the Teatro la Fenice, Venice, on 6 May 1897.

Leoncavallo wrote his opera La bohème contemporaneously with Giacomo Puccini's own treatment of the same story. Leoncavallo later revised the work, titling it Mimì Pinson, but despite initial respect, it did not survive. Puccini's version has become a standard in the operatic repertoire, whereas Leoncavallo's opera is rarely performed. Leoncavallo's version did not receive its UK premiere until May 1970.

Allan Atlas has analysed in detail the different treatments of the death of the Mimì character in both Leoncavallo's and Puccini's versions of La bohème, contrasting the historical success of Puccini's opera and the relative failure of Leoncavallo's.

Henri Murger
Louis-Henri Murger (27 March 1822 – 28 January 1861), also known as Henri Murger and Henry Murger, was a French novelist and poet.

He is chiefly distinguished as the author of the 1847-1849 book Scènes de la vie de bohème (Scenes of Bohemian Life), which is based on his own experiences as a desperately poor writer living in a Parisian garret (the top floor of buildings, where artists often lived) and as a member of a loose club of friends who called themselves "the water drinkers" (because they were too poor to afford wine). In his writing he combines instinct with pathos, humour, and sadness. The book is the basis for the 1896 opera La bohème by Puccini, Leoncavallo's opera of the same name, and, at greater removes, Amadeu Vives' zarzuela Bohemios, Kálmán's 1930 operetta Das Veilchen vom Montmartre, and the 1996 Broadway musical Rent. He wrote lyrics as well as novels and stories, the chief being La Chanson de Musette – "a tear", says Gautier, "which has become a pearl of poetry".
Selig Monument
The Selig Monument is a public art work by artist Brian Maughan. It is located in front of the Miller Park stadium west of downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture depicts Bud Selig, the former Commissioner of Baseball and former owner of the Milwaukee Brewers baseball team. It was dedicated on August 24, 2010.

American Family Field
American Family Field is a retractable roof stadium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Located southwest of the intersection of Interstate 94 and Brewers Boulevard, it is the ballpark of Major League Baseball's Milwaukee Brewers. It opened in 2001 as a replacement for Milwaukee County Stadium and was called Miller Park until 2020.

American Family Field features North America's only fan-shaped convertible roof, which can open and close in less than 10 minutes. Large panes of glass allow natural grass to grow, augmented with heat lamp structures wheeled out across the field during the off-season.

The stadium opened in 2001 at a cost of $392 million. Between 1996 and 2020, taxpayers paid $609 million for the construction costs through higher sales taxes. In 2023, Wisconsin lawmakers entered into an agreement with the Milwaukee Brewers to spend nearly half a billion dollars of public funds on stadium renovations.
First Battle of Champagne
The First Battle of Champagne (French: 1ère Bataille de Champagne) was fought from 20 December 1914 – 17 March 1915 in World War I in the Champagne region of France and was the second offensive by the Allies against the German Empire since mobile warfare had ended after the First Battle of Ypres in Flanders (19 October – 22 November 1914). The battle was fought by the French Fourth Army and the German 3rd Army. The offensive was part of a French strategy to attack the Noyon Salient, a large bulge in the new Western Front, which ran from Switzerland to the North Sea. The First Battle of Artois began on the northern flank of the salient on 17 December and the offensive against the southern flank in Champagne began three days later.

3rd Army (German Empire)
The 3rd Army (German: 3. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 3 / A.O.K. 3) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I.  It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the II Army Inspectorate.  The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war.
Hamilton (village), New York
Hamilton is a village located within the town of Hamilton in Madison County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 4,107. It is the location of Colgate University.

John Vincent Atanasoff
John Vincent Atanasoff OCM (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor credited with inventing the first electronic digital computer. Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College (now known as Iowa State University). Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the Honeywell v. Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special-purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff–Berry Computer.
HMS Rattler (1783)
HMS Rattler was a 16-gun Echo-class ship-sloop of the Royal Navy. Launched in March 1783, she saw service in the Leeward Islands and Nova Scotia before being paid off in 1792 and sold to whaling company Samuel Enderby & Sons. She made two voyages as a whaler and two as a slave ship transporting enslaved people, before she was condemned in 1802 in the Americas as unseaworthy. She returned to service though, sailing as a whaler in the northern whale fishery, sailing out of Leith. She continued whaling until ice crushed her in June 1830.

Samuel Enderby & Sons
Samuel Enderby & Sons was a whaling and sealing company based in London, England, founded circa 1775 by Samuel Enderby (1717–1797). The company was significant in the history of whaling in the United Kingdom, not least for encouraging their captains to combine exploration with their business activities, and sponsored several of the earliest expeditions to the subantarctic, Southern Ocean and Antarctica itself.
Gerrard Winstanley
Gerrard Winstanley (baptised 19 October 1609 – 10 September 1676) was an English Protestant religious reformer, political philosopher, and activist during the period of the Commonwealth of England. Winstanley was the leader and one of the founders of the English group known as the True Levellers or Diggers. The group occupied formerly common land that had been privatised by enclosures and dug them over, pulling down hedges and filling in ditches, to plant crops. "True Levellers" was the name they used to describe themselves, whereas the term "Diggers" was coined by contemporaries.

St George's Hill
51°21′07″N 0°26′42″W﻿ / ﻿51.352°N 0.445°W﻿ / 51.352; -0.445
St George's Hill is a 964-acre (3.9 km2) private gated community in Weybridge, Surrey, England.

Comprising more than 450 properties, the land that is now the contemporary St George's Hill estate was purchased by builder W. G. Tarrant in 1911. Over the following decades, Tarrant masterminded the development of St George's Hill into a country retreat for wealthy Londoners that promised both seclusion and natural beauty.

St George's Hill is known for its population of celebrities and high net worth individuals, and is generally considered the most prestigious of the Surrey private estates, only rivalled by nearby Wentworth. Notable residents have included John Lennon and Ringo Starr of The Beatles, golfer Nick Faldo, and F1 racing driver Jenson Button.
Harry Seawell Niblett
Harry Seawell Frank Niblett, CVO (31 October 1852 – 26 December 1939) was a Royal Navy officer before the First World War.

Niblett entered the Royal Navy, was promoted to lieutenant on 31 March 1874, and to commander on 1 January 1887.

He served with the Mediterranean Fleet, and was promoted to captain on 30 June 1892. The following years he served as captain in command of HMS Northampton, HMS Edgar, HMS Diadem and HMS Canopus.

In December 1902 he was appointed commodore-in-command of the Royal Naval Barracks, Devonport, and captain of HMS Vivid, flagship and yacht to the port admiral.

Three years later he was promoted to rear-admiral on 1 January 1905, and in late 1906 he was appointed in command of the Devonport Reserve division.

He was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in August 1907, on the occasion of the Inspection by King Edward VII of the Home Fleet.

He retired from the navy in 1910, and was promoted to admiral on the Retired list on 20 March 1913.

HMS Vivid (1891)
HMS Vivid was an iron screw yacht purchased from civilian service in 1891, where she had been named SS Capercailzie. She became the Devonport base ship and flagship in 1893 and was also used as the yacht for the Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth and was sold in 1912, later being wrecked in 1913.
Robert Latimer
Robert William Latimer (born March 13, 1953) is a Canadian canola and wheat farmer who was convicted of second degree murder in the death of his daughter Tracy Lynn Latimer (November 23, 1980 – October 24, 1993). This case caused a national controversy concerning the definition and ethics of euthanasia as well as the rights of people with disabilities,  and resulted in two Supreme Court decisions, R. v. Latimer (1997), on section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and later R. v. Latimer (2001), concerning cruel and unusual punishments with reference to section 12 of the Charter. Latimer was released on day parole in March 2008 and was granted full parole in December 2010.

Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifies rights upon arrest or detention, including the rights to consult a lawyer and the right to habeas corpus.  As a part of a broader range of legal rights guaranteed by the Charter, section 10 rights may be limited by the Oakes test and/or the notwithstanding clause.  However, section 10 has also spawned considerable litigation, and has made an impact in numerous cases.
Robert Liddle Farmhouse
Robert Liddle Farmhouse is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1850 by noted master carpenter Alexander Delos "Boss" Jones.  It is a 2-story, three-bay, clapboard-sided frame farmhouse in the Greek Revival style. It has a 1+1⁄2-story east wing with a hipped roof.  It features a wide frieze and prominent corner pilasters.  Also on the property are a contributing barn, a garage, a shed, and a machine shed.

The property was covered in a study of Boss Jones TR

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Alexander Delos "Boss" Jones
Alexander Delos "Boss" Jones (1818–1897), also known as A.D. (Boss) Jones or Boss Jones, was an American master carpenter and architect who designed and built a number of notable Greek Revival style farmhouses in Schenectady County, New York. He also built two notable Octagon houses.  His work was based in Duanesburg, New York. Some of his buildings employed innovative stacked plank construction. Eight of his notable works were covered in a study of Boss Jones Thematic Resources and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Kegalle
Kegalle (Sinhala: කෑගල්ල, romanized: Kǣgalla; Tamil: கேகாலை, romanized: Kēkālai) is a large town in Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. It is located on the Colombo–Kandy road, approximately 78 km (48 mi) from Colombo, 40 km (25 mi) from Kandy, 32 km (20 mi) from Kurunegala and 46 km (29 mi) from Avissavella. It is the main town in the Kegalle District, which is one of two districts which comprise Sabaragamuwa Province. The town is governed by an Urban Council.

Kegalle has an agricultural based economy and mainly produces rubber. The surrounding area produces graphite, precious stones and agricultural products such as rice. It is the nearest town to the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage, a major tourist attraction in the area, which is 13 km (8.1 mi) to the north-east.

Sabaragamuwa Province
The Sabaragamuwa Province (IPA: [səbəɾəɡəmuʋə], Sinhala: සබරගමුව පළාත, romanised: Sabaragamuwa Paḷāta, Tamil: சபரகமுவ மாகாணம், romanised: Sabaragamuva Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. Ratnapura is the capital of the province.
Simone Hauswald
Simone Hye-Soon Hauswald (born Simone Hye-Soon Denkinger; 3 May 1979) is a former German biathlete and Winter Olympics bronze medalist. In 2008, she won her first single World Cup Race. Hauswald retired after the 2009–10 season.

2008–09 Biathlon World Cup
The 2008–09 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the International Biathlon Union. The season started on 2 December 2008 in Östersund, Sweden and ends on 29 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.
Porto Inglês
Porto Inglês (Portuguese for "English port", also: Cidade do Maio, Vila do Maio) is a city in the southwestern part of the island of Maio in southeastern Cape Verde. It is the main urban settlement of the island, and also seat of the Maio Municipality. Its population was 2,971 in 2010. The name Porto Inglês refers to English ships that exported salt produced on the island of Maio from this town. Salt exploitation continued until the 19th century. The inconclusive Battle of Maio was fought between British and French frigate squadrons close to the town on 23 January 1814 in the last stages of the Napoleonic Wars.

The port of Porto Inglês has ferry services to Praia on the island of Santiago. It is also a member port of the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH).The domestic Maio Airport lies 1 km north of the city.

Landmarks:

Forte de São José and its adjacent lighthouse

The Nossa Senhora da Luz (Our Lady of Light) church, opened in 1872

Salinas of the English Port

Forte de São José (Maio)
Forte de São José (Portuguese for the Fort of Saint Joseph) is a fort located in the city of Porto Inglês in the southern part of Maio Island, Cape Verde. It was built by the Portuguese around 1743, in order to protect the town of Porto Inglês from pirate attacks. Today, the fort is one of the tourist attractions of the town.
Flottille 4F
Flotille 4F (abbreviated to 4F) is a French Aeronavale aircraft squadron based at Base Aéronavale de Lann Bihoué and equipped with three Northrop Grumman E-2C Hawkeye aircraft, these aircraft are operated from the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle.

Lorient South Brittany Airport
Lorient South Brittany Airport or Aéroport de Lorient Bretagne Sud (IATA: LRT, ICAO: LFRH), also known as Lorient-Lann-Bihoué Airport, is the airport serving the city of Lorient. It is situated 5 km west-northwest of Lorient, a commune of the Morbihan département in the Brittany region of France.
Sonal Chauhan
Sonal Chauhan (born 16 May 1985/1987) is an Indian actress, singer, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She predominantly works in Telugu and Hindi films.
She won the title of Femina Miss India in 2005 and Miss World Tourism in 2005.

She made her acting debut with Hindi film Jannat and her Telugu film debut with Rainbow, both in 2008. Chauhan made her Kannada film debut with Cheluveye Ninne Nodalu (2010) and Tamil debut with Inji Iduppazhagi (2015). She has been part of successful films including Legend (2014), Pandaga Chesko (2015), Size Zero (2015) and Dictator (2016).

Rainbow (2008 film)
Rainbow is a 2008 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by V. N. Aditya and starring Rahul, Sonal Chauhan, and Sindhu Menon. The film released to negative reviews from critics. The film is noted for its melodious soundtrack composed by Nihal, which adds to the emotional depth of the storyline.
Vaagri Booli language
Vaaghri Boli is an unclassified tribal Indo-Aryan language of southern India. It is not closely related to Hindi or Marathi. Hakkipikki, Nakkala, Pittalollu and other local names for the people mean 'bird catchers'.

Hakkipikki
The Hakkipikki is a major tribal community currently found mostly in Karnataka, India, in the Shimoga, Davanagere and Mysore districts. They are also known as Haranashikari, Pashi Pardhi, Adavichencher and Shikari. In Kannada, the word "Hakki" means "bird," and "Pikki" refers to the verb "to catch." Thus, the community is traditionally known as the "bird catchers," reflecting their traditional occupation. The community speaks an Indo-Aryan language called 'Vaagri'  or 'Vaagribooli', which is similar to the Gujarati language.
Civic Choice
Civic Choice (Italian: Scelta Civica; SC) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy founded by Mario Monti. The party was formed in the run-up of the 2013 general election to support the outgoing prime minister Monti and continue his political agenda. In the election SC was part of a centrist coalition named With Monti for Italy, along with Union of the Centre of Pier Ferdinando Casini and Future and Freedom of Gianfranco Fini.

In April 2013, SC became part of the grand coalition government led by Enrico Letta of the Democratic Party. In February 2014 after Letta's resignation, Civic Choice supported the cabinet of Matteo Renzi. After that, the party did not support the cabinet of Paolo Gentiloni; by the end of 2017, SC joined forces with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia. Following the 2018 Italian general election, the party was disbanded on 24 July 2019.

Benedetto Della Vedova
Benedetto Della Vedova (Sondrio, 3 April 1962) is an Italian politician.

A keen pro-Europeanist, Della Vedova is currently president of Forza Europa (FE) and has been secretary of More Europe (+EU), the latter comprising FE and the Italian Radicals. He has held public office multiple times.
Glossoloma penduliflorum
Glossoloma penduliflorum is a plant species in the family Gesneriaceae. A recent review has moved it out of the genus Alloplectus.

It is endemic to Ecuador.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Alloplectus
Alloplectus is a genus of Neotropical plants in the family Gesneriaceae. A 2005 revision of the genus included five species, with the majority of species in the genus as traditionally circumscribed being transferred to Crantzia, Glossoloma, and Drymonia. Plants of the World Online currently accepts seven species.
Of Ants and Dinosaurs
Of Ants and Dinosaurs (simplified Chinese: 当恐龙遇上蚂蚁; traditional Chinese: 當恐龍遇見螞蟻; pinyin: dāng kǒnglóng yùjiàn mǎyǐ), also known as The Cretaceous Past (simplified Chinese: 白垩纪往事; traditional Chinese: 白堊紀往事; pinyin: báièjì wǎngshì), is a science-fiction novel by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, first published in 2004 (as a novella) and again, expanded, in 2010 (as a novel). It was published under the former title by Head of Zeus in 2020 and under the latter title by Subterranean Press in 2021. Although it is not included in the English translation of the collection The Wandering Earth, translations in other languages include the shorter version.

Liu Cixin
Liu Cixin (Chinese: 刘慈欣; pinyin: Liú Cíxīn, pronounced [ljǒʊ tsʰɹ̩̌.ɕín]; born 23 June 1963) is a Chinese computer engineer and science fiction writer. In English translations of his works, his name is given as Cixin Liu. He is sometimes called "Da Liu" ("Big Liu") by his fellow science fiction writers in China.

He is a nine-time winner of China's Galaxy Award, and has also received the 2015 Hugo Award for his novel The Three-Body Problem, as well as the 2017 Locus Award for Death's End. He is also a winner of the Chinese Nebula Award. He is a member of the China Science Writers Association and the vice president of the Shanxi Writers Association.
Acid Mt. Fuji
Acid Mt. Fuji  is the second studio album by Japanese electronic producer Susumu Yokota, and the first using his full birth name. Originally released in 1994 on the Japanese label Sublime Records and later remastered and reissued in 2018 on Midgar. It is notable as being one of his first records to engage with techno music, as well as its psychedelic and atmospheric sound.

Susumu Yokota
Susumu Yokota (横田 進 Yokota Susumu, or ススム・ヨコタ Susumu Yokota; born 22 April 1960 – 27 March 2015) was a Japanese record producer and composer. He released several albums under pseudonyms including Stevia, Ebi, and others.
Testimony (Ferron album)
Testimony is a folk album by the Canadian singer-songwriter Ferron. The album includes new material as well as songs that had previously appeared on earlier recordings, re-recorded with local session players and singers. It was first released in 1980 by independent label Lucy Records.

Ferron
Ferron Foisy (born Deborah Foisy on 1 June 1952; known professionally as Ferron) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and poet. In addition to gaining fame as one of Canada's most respected songwriters, Ferron, who is openly lesbian, became one of the earliest and most influential lyrical songwriters of the women's music circuit, and an important influence on later musicians such as Ani DiFranco, Mary Gauthier and the Indigo Girls. From the mid-eighties on, Ferron's songwriting talents have been recognized and appreciated by music critics and broader audiences, with comparisons being made to the writing talents of Van Morrison, Bob Dylan, and Leonard Cohen.
Trachis
Trachis (Ancient Greek: Τραχίς, Trakhís) was a region in ancient Greece. Situated south of the river Spercheios, it was populated by the Malians. It was also a polis (city-state).

Its main town was also called Trachis until 426 BC, when it was refounded as a Spartan colony and became Heraclea Trachinia. It is located to the west of Thermopylae. Trachis is located just west of the westernmost tip of the island of Euboea, north of Delphi. Near this place archaeologists discovered tombs from the Mycenaean period.

According to Greek mythology Trachis was the home of Ceyx and Alcyone. Heracles lived in exile in Trachis after his slaying of Iphitus. The town is mentioned by Homer as one of the cities subject to Achilles. The last reference to Trachis in antiquity is a passing mention of its ruins in Pausanias's Description of Greece.

Euboea
Euboea (/juːˈbiːə/ yoo-BEE-ə; Ancient Greek: Εὔβοια, romanized: Eúboia, IPA: [ěu̯boi̯a]), also known as Evia (/ˈɛviə/ EV-ee-ə; Modern Greek: Εύβοια, IPA: [ˈevi.a]), is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete, and the sixth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only 40 m (130 ft) at its narrowest point), the North Euboean Gulf, and the South Euboean Gulf. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about 180 km (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 km (31 mi) to 6 km (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboia in the lofty islands of Andros, Tinos and Mykonos.

It forms most of the regional unit of Euboea, which also includes Skyros and a small area of the Greek mainland.
Ingrid Narum
Ingrid Narum (born 1981) is a retired Norwegian cross-country skier.

She competed at the 2001 Junior World Championships, winning the silver medal in the sprint.

She made her World Cup debut in the March 2000 Oslo sprint race. She collected her first World Cup when finishing 14th in the December 2001 Garmisch-Partenkirchen sprint race. In the 2002–03 season she made the top 20 on six occasions, improving to a 12th place in Reit im Winkl. She broke the top 10 in February 2004 in Stockholm, finishing 8th, and also competed in World Cup relays and team sprints. Her last World Cup outing came in October 2004 in Düsseldorf.

She represented the sports clubs Sogndal IL.

Sogndal IL
Sogndal Idrettslag is a Norwegian alliance sports club from Sogndalsfjøra, Vestland. It has departments for association football, handball, volleyball, track and field, orienteering, taekwondo, swimming, powerlifting, speed skating, cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, and gymnastics. The club colors are white and black.