hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Paul's Walden Bury
St. Paul's Walden Bury is an English country house and surrounding gardens in the village of St Paul's Walden in Hertfordshire. The house is a Grade II* listed, and the gardens Grade I.

A home of the Bowes-Lyon family, it is possibly the site of the birth of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.

The garden wilderness, or highly formalized woodland, is a very rare survival, and the "most perfect surviving" English example. It was laid out in the 1730s with straight walks in the old formal style, when these were already becoming rather unfashionable.

The house, of red brick with stone dressings and slate roofs, was built around the 1730s for Edward Gilbert (1680–1762). His daughter Mary married George Bowes of Gibside, Durham, and the estate has been in the possession of the Bowes or Bowes-Lyon family since 1720. James Paine made alterations to the house in the 1770s, which was also extended to the rear in the late nineteenth century.

St Paul's Walden
St Paul's Walden is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. The village lies about 5 miles (8 km) south of Hitchin, its post town. The largest settlement in the parish is the village of Whitwell, and the parish also includes the hamlet of Bendish. At the 2021 Census, the population of the parish was 1,381.
Ernest, Duke of Austria
Ernest the Iron-Willed (German: Ernst der Eiserne; 1377 – 10 June 1424), a member of the House of Habsburg, ruled over the Inner Austrian duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola from 1406 until his death. He was head of the Habsburg Leopoldian line from 1411.

Duchy of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark; Slovene: Vojvodina Štajerska; Latin: Ducatus Styriae) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918.
Feuerland (ship)
Feuerland (from 1929 to 2006 Penelope, in 1982 ARA Penelope while in Argentine service) is a two-masted ketch built in 1927 at the Krämer, Vagt and Beckmann shipyard in Büsum, Germany. It was commissioned by the German naval officer and aviator Gunther Plüschow. The motor sailboat was specially built to explore Patagonia. In 1929 Feuerland was sold to a landowner in the Falkland Islands and was renamed Penelope. After more than fifty years of inter island service, the vessel was seized by the Argentine Navy and used as an auxiliary transport ship during the Falklands War. In 2006 Penelope became once again Feuerland when acquired by German skipper Bernd Buchner and shipped back to Germany, where she was declared a national monument. Feuerland is set for rebuilding as a museum ship as of 2025.

Argentine Navy
The Argentine Navy (ARA; Spanish: Armada de la República Argentina) is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force.

The Argentine Navy day is celebrated on May 17, anniversary of the victory in 1814 at the Battle of Montevideo over the Spanish fleet during the war of Independence.
Kaw (film)
Kaw is a 2007 made-for-television horror film directed by Sheldon Wilson and starring Sean Patrick Flanery, Stephen McHattie, Kristin Booth, and Rod Taylor. An international co-production of Canada and the United States, Kaw is a Sci Fi Pictures original film. The film's plot, which follows a town besieged by hostile ravens, is similar to that of The Birds (1963)—which also starred Taylor—and has been called an homage or modernization of the older film.

Sheldon Wilson
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Sheldon Wilson is a Canadian film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He is known for directing Shallow Ground (2004) and The Unspoken (2015), and has also directed several Sci Fi Pictures original films, including Kaw (2006), Carny (2009), Mothman, Red: Werewolf Hunter (both 2010), and Scarecrow (2013).
The Intelligence Men
The Intelligence Men (U.S. title: Spylarks) is a 1965 British comedy film directed by Robert Asher and starring Eric Morecambe and Ernie Wise. It is subtitled "M.I.5 plus 2 equals 0". It was written by Dick Hills and Sid Green and Peter Blackmore.

Morecambe and Wise made two further films, That Riviera Touch (1966) and The Magnificent Two (1967).

Peter Blackmore (screenwriter)
Peter Blackmore (1909–1984) was a British playwright and screenwriter. His play Miranda was adapted into the 1948 film of the same title. He also wrote the comedy play The Blue Goose which appeared in the West End in 1941. His 1953 play Down Came a Blackbird ran for 53 performances at the Savoy Theatre. He worked on the screenplays for a number of comedy films for British Lion and the Rank Organisation, including two Norman Wisdom vehicles.
Laura Cardoso
Laura Cardoso, artistic name of Laurinda de Jesus Cardoso Balleroni OMC (born 13 September 1927) is a Brazilian actress. She is celebrated as one of the best and most well known Brazilian actresses of cinema, theater and television.

Chocolate com Pimenta
Chocolate com Pimenta (English title: Pepper Chocolate) is a Brazilian telenovela, set in the 1920s, starring Mariana Ximenes and Murilo Benício. It was produced and broadcast by Rede Globo in 2003 and 2004. It was written by Walcyr Carrasco and directed by Jorge Fernando.
Liquid Confidence (Nothing to Lose)
"Liquid Confidence" is the third single by British rock band You Me at Six, taken from their second studio album, Hold Me Down. The single was added to BBC Radio 1's A-list during April 2010. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number 86 upon release on 19 April 2010. On 29 July 2010, "Liquid Confidence" won Best Single at the Kerrang! Awards 2010.

Hold Me Down
Hold Me Down is the second studio album by English rock band You Me at Six, released on 11 January 2010 through Virgin Records as the follow-up to 2008's Take Off Your Colours. It is the band's first release on the major label Virgin Records. Like their debut album, the album was once again Centropy produced and engineered by John Mitchell and Matt O'Grady. "The Consequence" was made available for free digital download before the first single, "Underdog" preceded the album's release. Despite receiving mixed reviews, Hold Me Down was a commercial success and debuted at No. 5 on the UK Albums Chart and is certified Gold in the UK for 100,000 shipments of copies.
Charambi
Charambi is a village development committee in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3331 people living in 604 individual households.

Bhojpur District, Nepal
Bhojpur District (Nepali: भोजपुर जिल्ला [bʱod͡zpur] ⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of eastern Nepal. The district's area is 1,507 km2 with a population of 182,459 (2011). The administrative center is Bhojpur. It is surrounded by Dhankuta and Sankhuwasabha in the east, Khotang in the west, again Sankhuwasabha in north-east, Solukhumbu in the north-west and Udayapur in the South.
Samuel Magowan
Samuel Magowan (5 February 1910 – 1976) was an Ulster Unionist member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. He represented Iveagh from 1964 to 1973.

He was a shopkeeper and a member of Hillsborough Rural District Council from 1955 to 1964.

He served as Assistant Whip from 1966 until 1972, also holding the office of Assistant Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Finance from 1966 to 1969.

Minister of Finance (Northern Ireland)
The minister of finance (de facto deputy prime minister) was a member of the Executive Committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland (Cabinet) in the Parliament of Northern Ireland which governed Northern Ireland from 1921 to 1972.  The post was combined with that of the prime minister of Northern Ireland for a brief period in 1940–1941 and was vacant for two weeks during 1953, following the death of incumbent minister John Maynard Sinclair.  The office was often seen as being occupied by the prime minister's choice of successor.  Two ministers of finance went on to be prime minister, while two more, Maginness and Jack Andrews, were widely seen as possible successors to the premiership.
Kuknalim
Kuknalim (/ˈkʊknɑːliːm/), is a slogan used by the Nagas which translates to "Victory to the People and Land" or simply "Long Live the Land". It is often used at the end of political speeches.

Together with the Naga flag, it is one of the main components of Naga nationalism.

Flag of Nagaland
The Flag of Nagaland is the flag used to represent the Naga people. Currently it does not have official status in any area where the Nagas live, but it is allowed at cultural events.

The color of the flag is medium sky blue which symbolizes the sky. A rainbow arch section, simplified to red, yellow and green, runs across the centre. In the upper corner, next to the staff, there is a white Star of Bethlehem. Both symbols represent Christianity, the faith and identity of the majority of the Naga people.
Balrothery East
Balrothery East (Irish: Baile an Ridire Thoir) is one of the baronies of Ireland. Originally part of the Lordship of Meath, it was then constituted as part of County Dublin. Today, it is in the modern county of Fingal.

The barony of Balrothery was created by Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath as his own feudal barony, held directly from himself in capite. His vassals were commonly called "De Lacy's Barons". Balrothery, thus once a feudal title of nobility, was later split into eastern and western divisions.

At the heart of the barony is the civil parish of Balrothery in the northwest of the barony, one of eight civil parishes in the barony.

Fingal
Fingal (English:  /ˈfɪŋɡɔːl/ FING-gawl; from Irish Fine Gall, meaning 'foreign tribe') is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It is one of three successor counties to County Dublin, which was disestablished for administrative purposes in 1994. Its name is derived from the medieval territory of Scandinavian foreigners (Irish: gaill) that settled in the area. Fingal County Council is the local authority for the county. In 2022 the population of the county was 330,506, making it the second most populated council in Dublin and the third most populous county in the state.
Leonard Olivier
Leonard James Olivier, SVD (October 12, 1923 – November 19, 2014) was an African-American Catholic prelate who served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Washington in the District of Columbia from 1988 to 2004. He was a member of the Society of the Divine Word.

Archdiocese of Washington
The Archdiocese of Washington (Latin: Archidiœcesis Metropolitae Vashingtonensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the Catholic Church for the District of Columbia and several Maryland counties in the United States.

The Archdiocese of Washington is home to the Catholic University of America and Georgetown University. The archdiocese is also home to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception. The only suffragan diocese of the archdiocese is the Diocese of Saint Thomas.

The mother church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle in downtown Washington. Robert McElroy was installed as the eighth Archbishop of Washington on March 11, 2025.
Johnson cult
The Johnson cult, formerly misidentified as a cargo cult, was initiated on New Hanover Island in Papua New Guinea in 1964. Although initially labelled a cargo cult, it has since been characterized as "political theatre".

New Hanover Island
New Hanover Island, (German: Neuhannover), also called Lavongai or Lovongai, is a large volcanic island in the New Ireland Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG). This region is part of the Bismarck Archipelago and lies at 2°30′S 150°15′E﻿ / ﻿2.5°S 150.25°E﻿ / -2.5; 150.25. Measuring some 460 square miles (1,200 km2), it had a population of 5,000 in 1960, which increased to approximately 17,160 by 2000. It is part of the Lovongai Rural LLG local government area.
Dissociative substitution
In chemistry, dissociative substitution describes a reaction pathway by which compounds interchange ligands.  The term is typically applied to coordination and organometallic complexes, but resembles the SN1 mechanism in organic chemistry.  This pathway can be well described by the cis effect, or the labilization of CO ligands in the cis position. The opposite pathway is associative substitution, being analogous to SN2 pathway. Pathways that are intermediate between the pure dissociative and pure associative pathways are called interchange mechanisms.

Complexes that undergo dissociative substitution are often coordinatively saturated and often have octahedral molecular geometry. The entropy of activation is characteristically positive for these reactions, which indicates that the disorder of the reacting system increases in the rate-determining step.

Entropy of activation
In chemical kinetics, the entropy of activation of a reaction is one of the two parameters (along with the enthalpy of activation) that are typically obtained from the temperature dependence of a reaction rate constant, when these data are analyzed using the Eyring equation of the transition state theory. The standard entropy of activation is symbolized ΔS‡ and equals the change in entropy when the reactants change from their initial state to the activated complex or transition state (Δ = change, S = entropy, ‡ = activation).
RV Celtic Explorer
The Celtic Explorer is a multi-purpose research vessel operated by the Marine Institute in Galway, Ireland. It came into service in 2003 for use in fisheries acoustics research, oceanographic, hydrographic and geological as well as buoy/deep water mooring and ROV Operations. The vessel is 65.5 metres (215 ft) long and has a capacity to accommodate 35 personnel of which 20-22 can be scientists. The vessel's base is the Port of Galway which is located on the west coast of Ireland and offers ready access to the Atlantic Ocean.

In 2024, Celtic Explorer carried the Nereid Under Ice (NUI) remote-controlled submersible to study the glaciers of Greenland and their impact on sea level rise.

Marine Institute Ireland
The Marine Institute (Irish: Foras na Mara) is a state agency in Ireland that provides government, public agencies and the maritime industry with scientific, advisory and economic development services, aiming to inform policy-making, regulation and the sustainable management and growth of the country's marine resources. Founded in 1991 on foot of a 1974 report, the institute undertakes and promotes marine research and development. The agency's staff and operations are governed by a ministerially-appointed board. Based at its headquarters near Galway, it has an office in Dublin and two research vessels.
The Blonde Around the Corner
The Blonde Around the Corner (Russian: Блондинка за углом, romanized: Blondinka za uglom) is a 1984 Soviet romantic comedy directed by Vladimir Bortko. It tells the story of an astrophysicist who begins to work at a grocery store where he falls in love with a saleswoman. The film became Bortko's breakthrough.

Vladimir Bortko
Vladimir Vladimirovich Bortko (Russian: Владимир Владимирович Бортко; born 7 May 1946) is a Russian film director, screenwriter, producer and politician. He was a member of the State Duma between 2011 and 2021, and was awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia.
Einar Schanke
Einar Leonard Schanke (19 May 1927 – 23 February 1992) was a Norwegian composer, pianist, revue writer, theatre director and theatrical producer. He wrote revues for the Edderkoppen Theatre, and later for Chat Noir, where he was also director from 1962 to 1975.

Chat Noir
59°54′48.98″N 10°43′55.83″E﻿ / ﻿59.9136056°N 10.7321750°E﻿ / 59.9136056; 10.7321750

Chat Noir (French for 'black cat') is a cabaret and revue theatre in Oslo, Norway. It was established in 1912 by Bokken Lasson. The current director is Tom Sterri.
Malika Benarab-Attou
Malika Benarab-Attou (born 25 March 1963 in Aïn Benian, Algeria) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament elected in the 2009 European election for the South-East France constituency.

Malika Benarab-Attou joined The Greens in 2003. In the 2009 European elections, she was the third candidate on the Europe Écologie list (the Greens) in the South-East region, and was elected to the European Parliament.

Dismissed by the French Greens for the European elections of 2014, she announced in January 2014 that she would join Nouvelle Donne to try to be reelected.

The Greens (France)
The Greens (French: Les Verts [le vɛʁ], LV; also Les Verts, Confédération écologiste – Parti écologiste, VEC) was a left-wing to centre-left green-ecologist political party in France. The Greens had been in existence since 1984, but their spiritual roots could be traced as far back as René Dumont's candidacy for the presidency in 1974. On 13 November 2010, The Greens merged with Europe Ecology to become Europe Ecology – The Greens.
Alvin Coox
Alvin David Coox, (pronounced "cooks"; March 8, 1924, Rochester, New York – November 4, 1999, San Diego, California) was an American military historian and author known for his award-winning book, Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia.

Coox studied at New York University with a bachelor's degree in accounting and achieved his doctorate in history at Harvard University. He taught at Harvard University in the 1940s and at Johns Hopkins University, before working as an analyst for the United States Air Force after they went to Japan. From 1964 to 1995, he taught at San Diego State University.

Coox is primarily known for his two volume book, Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, about the nearly forgotten battles in the Nomonhan Incident, where the Soviet Union and Japan fought for control of Mongolia and where Japan was halted in its inland westward conquest from Manchuria. In 1986, he received the Samuel Eliot Morison Prize.

Society for Military History
The Society for Military History is a United States–based international organization of scholars who research, write, and teach military history of all time periods and places. It includes naval history, air power history, and studies of technology, ideas, and homefronts.  It publishes the quarterly refereed The Journal of Military History.
Porto Santo Stefano
Porto Santo Stefano (Italian: [ˈpɔrto ˈsanto ˈsteːfano]) is a seaport town on the west coast of Italy, in the municipality of Monte Argentario, in the Province of Grosseto, Tuscany. It is the municipal seat of Monte Argentario and one of the two major towns that form the township, along with Porto Ercole. The region is on the slopes of Mount Argentario, which dominates the whole area.

Province of Grosseto
The province of Grosseto (Italian: provincia di Grosseto) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Grosseto. As of 2013 the province had a total population of 225,098 people.
Siege of Guadeloupe
The siege of Guadeloupe took place from March to May 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession, when an English expeditionary force led by Christopher Codrington landed on Guadeloupe in the French West Indies, and laid siege to the capital of Basse-Terre. Charles Auger, the French governor, received reinforcements from Martinique led by Nicolas de Gabaret. The latter opted for a Fabian strategy and scorched earth tactics, destroying resources and Fort St Charles in the process. A lack of supplies and heavy losses from disease forced the English to lift the siege in May.

Christopher Codrington
Lieutenant-Colonel Christopher Codrington (c. 1668 – 7 April 1710) was an English Army officer, planter and colonial administrator who served as governor of the Leeward Islands from 1699 to 1704. Born on Barbados into the planter class, he inherited one of the largest sugar plantations in the colony. Codrington travelled to Europe during the late-17th century and served in the Nine Years' War and War of the Spanish Succession, taking part in numerous engagements.

After dying in 1710, his will and testament established and endowed Codrington College with his estates in Barbados and Barbuda. Codrington's will also endowed the Codrington Library at All Souls College, Oxford with a gift of books and money. In November 2020, his name was removed from the library as a result of the George Floyd protests due to Codrington's ownership of slaves.
William Dunne
William Dunne was an Irish Roman Catholic priest who served as first bishop for the Diocese of Kitui, Kenya.

He was born in Devlin, Ireland, in 1920. Dunne joined the Kiltegan Fathers and was ordained a priest in 1944. Dunne arrived in Kenya in 1951
when the Kiltegan Fathers took over Kitui from the Holy Ghost Fathers. He became Prefect Apostolic of Kitui in 1956.
Dunne was ordained the first Bishop of Kitui in 1964.

Retiring at the age of 75 in 1995, he was succeeded by Boniface Lele as bishop.  Dunne died in Nairobi Hospital on 31 March 2002.

Saint Patrick's Society for the Foreign Missions
St. Patrick's Missionary Society (Latin Societas Sancti Patritii pro Missionibus ad Exteros; also known as the Kiltegan Fathers) is a Catholic society of apostolic life of pontifical right for men composed of missionary priests. Its headquarters is at Kiltegan in County Wicklow, Ireland. Its members add the nominal initials SPS after their names to indicate their membership in the Society. The motto in Latin and English of the Society is Caritas Christi Urget Nos and Christ's love compels us (2 Corinthians 5:14), respectively.
Vogler (hill range)
The Vogler is a range of hills, up to 460.4 m high, in the Weser Uplands in southern Lower Saxony (Germany).

Together with the Solling, the Vogler forms the Solling-Vogler Nature Park which lies a couple of kilometres further south.

Solling-Vogler Nature Park
The Solling-Vogler Nature Park (German: Naturpark Solling-Vogler) is a nature park in South Lower Saxony in Germany. It has an area of 52,000 hectares (200 sq mi) and was established in 1966.

The nature park includes the hill ranges of the Solling and the Vogler but also the Burgberg which lies east of Weser valley between the two upland regions. It is looked after by the Zweckverband Naturpark Solling-Vogler, whose sponsors are the districts of Holzminden and Northeim and the state of Lower Saxony.
Shields' Mill Covered Bridge
Shields' Mill Covered Bridge, also known as Shieldstown Covered Bridge, is a historic covered bridge located in Brownstown Township and Hamilton Township, Jackson County, Indiana.  It spans the White River and is a multiple kingpost Burr Arch Truss bridge.  It was built 1876, and is a two-span wooden bridge resting on cut limestone pier and abutments.  It measures 365 feet, 6 inches, long.  The bridge was closed to traffic in 1970.: 4–5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. The bridge was restored in 2019.

Hamilton Township, Jackson County, Indiana
Hamilton Township is one of twelve townships in Jackson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,558 and it contained 669 housing units. It was named for James Hamilton, an early local politician.