hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Thomas (surveyor)
Captain Joseph Thomas (June 1803 – ?) was a British explorer and the chief surveyor for Lyttelton, Sumner and Christchurch in New Zealand. He took up surveying after service in the British army, gaining the rank of lieutenant. In the 1840s, he explored many parts of New Zealand and worked for the New Zealand Company. This gained him employment with the Canterbury Association, which sent him to New Zealand in 1848. Thomas' role was to find a suitable site for their proposed settlement, and what became the Canterbury region with Christchurch as its capital was the result of his efforts. He was dismissed in early 1851 over quarrels with John Robert Godley, the agent of the Canterbury Association, just after the first settlers had arrived in the colony. Thomas' life after 1853 is unknown. Having allowed for Hagley Park as a generous central city green space is regarded as his major achievement, and it is his lasting legacy.

Lyttelton, New Zealand
Lyttelton (Māori: Ōhinehou or Riritana) is a port town on the north shore of Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō, on the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand. The town is separated from Christchurch by the Port Hills, an eroded remnant of the extinct Banks Peninsula Volcano.

The Port of Lyttelton was historically regarded as the "Gateway to Canterbury" for colonial settlers.  It is the South Island's principal goods-transport terminal, handling 34% of exports and 61% of imports by value, and is also a regular destination for cruise ships.
Newsnight Scotland
Newsnight Scotland is a current affairs television programme, broadcast by BBC Scotland from BBC Pacific Quay in Glasgow as an opt out of the main London-based Newsnight programme. It was broadcast at 11pm from Mondays to Thursdays, replacing the last twenty minutes of Newsnight on BBC Two Scotland, now BBC Scotland.

The programme was presented by Glenn Campbell on Mondays, and Gordon Brewer fronted the programme on Tuesday, Wednesdays and Thursdays. Isobel Fraser, Sally Magnusson and Radio Scotland's Good Morning Scotland co-presenter Gary Robertson also appeared on the show as stand-in presenters. In 1999, the programme had a Friday edition with a brief news summary before being dropped. The programme's original presenters were Anne Mackenzie and Gordon Brewer between 1999 and 2007.

It was broadcast from Studio C at Pacific Quay Studios in Glasgow, using the same set as Reporting Scotland.

Newsnight
Newsnight is the BBC's news and current affairs television programme, providing in-depth investigation and analysis of the stories behind the day's headlines. It is broadcast weeknights at 10:30 on BBC Two and the BBC News channel; it is also available on BBC iPlayer. The programme is currently presented by Victoria Derbyshire, Paddy O'Connell and Matt Chorley.
Muskogee Reds
Muskogee Reds refers to three baseball teams based in Muskogee, Oklahoma, United States. The first team played in the Missouri Valley League in 1905. The next played in the Western Association in 1917, and the third played in the Western Association from 1937 to 1942, and from 1946 to 1950. They were affiliated with the Cincinnati Reds from 1937 to 1939, the Chicago Cubs in 1941, the Detroit Tigers in 1946 and the St. Louis Cardinals from 1947 to 1949.

Muskogee, Oklahoma
Muskogee (/məˈskoʊɡiː/) is the 13th-largest city in Oklahoma and is the county seat of Muskogee County.  It lies approximately 48 miles (77 km) southeast of Tulsa. The population of the city was 36,878 as of the 2020 census, a 6.0% decrease from 39,223 in 2010.
Martin K.N. Kollie Foundation
The Martin K.N. Kollie Foundation (also known as the MKNK Foundation) is a Liberian non-profit organization involved in educational support, skills development, and community assistance initiatives.  It has been covered in independent Liberian media for its scholarship programmes, vocational training sponsorships, and selected humanitarian activities.

Martin K.N. Kollie
Martin K.N. Kollie (born ) is a Liberian civil-society activist, youth empowerment campaigner, and philanthropist, known for his work in public accountability, education, and vocational skills initiatives in Liberia.
Howard Biggs
Howard Maceo Biggs (October 13, 1916 – November 24, 1999) was an American pianist, songwriter and arranger. He is noted for his involvement with doo-wop and other styles including jazz, and was influential in the first days of rock and roll.

The Ravens
The Ravens were an American R&B vocal group, formed in 1946 by Jimmy Ricks and Warren Suttles. They were one of the most successful and most influential vocal quartets of the period, and had several hits on the R&B chart in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Kili Poyi
Kili Poyi is a 2013 Indian Malayalam language film directed by debutant Vinay Govind, a former associate of V. K. Prakash. It stars Asif Ali, Aju Varghese, Sampath Raj, Raveendran, and Sreejith Ravi in major roles. The film was produced by SJM Entertainments and written by Joseph Kurian, Vivek Ranjit, and Vinay Govind. It features music and background score composed by Rahul Raj.

Raveendran (actor)
Raveendran is an Indian actor, primarily concentrating in Malayalam and Tamil films and he was a very busy actor of both these languages in the 1980s. A multi-faceted personality, Raveendran is also a screenwriter, interior designer, anchor, a film scholar, an acting coach, social activist and director of film festivals like Kochi Metro (Malayalam) Short Film Fest. He is an alumnus of the Adyar Film Institute.
Sutherland District Cricket Club
Sutherland District Cricket Club (SDCC) is a cricket club based in the Sutherland Shire, New South Wales, Australia. They are also known as the Sharks and play in the Sydney Grade Cricket competition. They were founded in 1965.

Australian Test players who have played for Sutherland District Cricket Club include Norm O'Neill, Andrew Hilditch, Steve Rixon, John Dyson, Len Pascoe, Glenn McGrath, Stuart MacGill, Phil Jacques, Stuart Clark, Shane Watson, Steve Smith and Nic Maddinson. State players Ben Dwarshuis and Daniel Fallins also represent the side, as well as Austin Waugh, son of former test captain Steve Waugh.

Stuart Clark
Stuart Rupert Clark (born 28 September 1975) is an Australian former cricketer who played for New South Wales and the Australian team. He was a right-arm fast-medium bowler. His nickname "Sarfraz" originates from the similarities of his bowling style to Sarfraz Nawaz.
Clark was also a member of the Australian team that won the 2007 Cricket World Cup.
Vigarano Mainarda
Vigarano Mainarda (Ferrarese: Vigaràn Mainarda) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Ferrara.

Vigarano Mainarda borders the following municipalities: Bondeno, Ferrara, Poggio Renatico and Terre del Reno

Carbonaceous chondrite
Carbonaceous chondrites or C chondrites are a class of chondritic meteorites comprising at least 8 known groups and many ungrouped meteorites. They include some of the most primitive known meteorites. The C chondrites represent only a small proportion (4.6%) of meteorite falls.

Some famous carbonaceous chondrites are: Allende, Murchison, Orgueil, Ivuna, Murray, Tagish Lake, Sutter's Mill, and Winchcombe.
Kirsten McGarry
Kristen McGarry (born 25 July 1985 in Dalkey, Ireland) is an alpine skier from Ireland.  She competed for Ireland at the 2006 Winter Olympics and the 2010 Winter Olympics.  Her best result was a 32nd place in the giant slalom in 2006.

Ireland at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ireland sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10–26 February 2006. This was Ireland's fourth appearance at a Winter Olympic Games.  The Irish delegation to Turin consisted of eight athletes, two alpine skiers, one cross-country skier, one skeleton racer and four bobsledders. The best performance by any Irish competitor at these Olympics was 20th, by David Connolly in the men's skeleton race. The Bobsleigh team, Ireland's first and only at the Olympics finished 24th, driven by Peter O'Malley with John O'Donoghue on Breaks and the brothers Joe and Patrick Mullins rounding out the crew.
1989 Australian Capital Territory election
The 1989 Australian Capital Territory election was held on 4 March 1989 to elect the 1st Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. This was the first direct election by voters in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) for their power legislative body.

The Labor Party, led by Rosemary Follett, and the Liberal Party, led by Trevor Kaine, were the main challengers. Candidates were elected to fill seats using modified d'Hondt electoral system for a multi-member single (at-large) constituency.

The result was a hung parliament. However, Labor, with the largest representation in the 17-member unicameral Assembly, formed Government with the support of various non-aligned minor parties. Follett was elected the first Chief Minister at the first sitting of the first Assembly on 11 May 1989.

Residents Rally
The Residents Rally (RR), officially known as the Residents Rally for Canberra Inc and also known simply as the Rally, was an Australian political party that was active during the early years of self-government in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). It was led by human rights lawyer Bernard Collaery, who described it as a "community-based urban green party".

The Rally was part of the Alliance government with the Liberals and the Independents Group between December 1989 and May 1991, with Collaery serving as deputy chief minister and attorney-general. After the Rally was sacked from the government, its MLAs supported a no-confidence motion which saw Labor leader Rosemary Follett return as chief minister.

After failing to win any seats at the 1992 election, the Rally faded away and disbanded in the mid-1990s without contesting the 1995 election.
Freaky Gurl
"Freaky Gurl" is a song by rapper Gucci Mane from his 2006 album Hard to Kill and his 2007 album Trap-A-Thon. The song was produced by Cyber Sapp for Big Cat Records, and interpolates "Superfreak" by Rick James, who is credited as a songwriter.

Remixed and released as a single by Atlantic Records, it debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart at position 94 on October 6, 2007, then rose for two months to a peak of number 62 in early December. It peaked at number 19 on the R&B/Hip-Hop chart at the end of October. The remixed song served as the lead single to Mane's first album with Atlantic: Back to the Trap House.

Cyber Sapp
Keldrick Josep Sapp, professionally known as Cyber Sapp is an American record producer and songwriter from Atlanta, Georgia, who is possibly best known for producing Gucci Mane's single "Freaky Gurl". He currently manages Bohagon, who is a part of Sapp's BLACK CARTEL label. He has produced for David Banner, P$C, Bonecrusher, Young Red and Lil Ron, Slim Thug, Paul Wall, 4-IZE, Killer Mike, Soulja Slim and B.G., among others.
Paul Berg
Paul Berg (June 30, 1926 – February 15, 2023) was an American biochemist and professor at Stanford University.
He received the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA".

Berg received his undergraduate education at Penn State University, where he majored in biochemistry. He received his PhD in biochemistry from Case Western Reserve University in 1952. Berg worked as a professor at Washington University School of Medicine and Stanford University School of Medicine, in addition to serving as the director of the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, Berg was presented with the National Medal of Science in 1983 and the National Library of Medicine Medal in 1986. Berg was a member of the Board of Sponsors for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Stanford University School of Medicine
The Stanford University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stanford University and is located in Stanford, California, United States. It traces its roots to the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, founded in San Francisco in 1858. This medical institution, then called Cooper Medical College, was acquired by Stanford in 1908. In 1959, the medical school moved to the Stanford campus near Palo Alto, California.

The School of Medicine, along with Stanford Health Care and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, is part of Stanford Medicine.
Hits! (Kim Kay album)
Hits! is the only compilation album by the Belgian Eurodance singer Kim Kay, released on 20 November 2000. The album was produced by Phil Sterman and Lov Cook and was recorded at Electric City. It features the artist's singles: "La Dah-li-danse", "Les Vacances d'été", "Ça plane pour moi", and "Les Sucettes".

Some of the songs from Kim Kay's previous debut album La Vie en lilali are retained from the Hits!.

Les Sucettes
"Les Sucettes" (transl. "Lollipops") is a French pop song written by Serge Gainsbourg and first recorded by France Gall in 1966. One of Gall's biggest hits, it was an unusually risqué song for its time, containing numerous sexually charged double-entendres, although she had said that she was unaware of this at the time.
Dyrrhachium (theme)
The Theme of Dyrrhachium (Medieval Greek: θέμα Δυρραχίου; Albanian: Thema e Durrësit), also referred to at the time as provintia Dirrachii et Arbani, was a Byzantine military-civilian province (theme). It encompassed the Adriatic coastal regions of what is now Albania, among other areas.

Established in the 9th century and named after its capital, Dyrrhachium (modern-day Durrës),  the theme was dissolved in 1205 following the fall of Constantinople to the Fourth Crusade. The former capital would subsequently come under Venetian control, leading to the establishment of the short-lived Duchy of Durazzo.

Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder
Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder (Greek: Νικηφόρος Βρυέννιος), Latinized as Nicephorus Bryennius, was a Byzantine Greek general who tried to establish himself as Emperor in the late eleventh century. His contemporaries considered him the best tactician in the empire.
The (M)orons
The (M)orons is an American comedy and musical group consisting of Broadway performers and writers Drew Gasparini (Gaspo), F. Michael Haynie (F.), Andrew Kober (Andrew Rebecca Kober), and Tony Award nominee Alex Brightman (Brighty). The group has performed in various venues throughout New York City, including 54 Below and The Slipper Room. Most of their songs are written by Gasparini, and the group often collaborates with other stage performers in New York.

In addition to their live shows, The (M)orons released a series of podcasts in 2014, titled Who Gives a Sh!t? featuring various guests also involved in the theatre business.

Their show at The Slipper Room, titled The (M)oron's Happy Hour was named a "must see" in New York.

Alex Brightman
Alexander Michael Brightman (born February 5, 1987) is an American actor, best known for his work in musical theatre, especially in the broadway musical, Beetlejuice.

In 2015, Brightman originated the role of Dewey Finn in the musical adaptation of School of Rock, earning him a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical in 2016. In 2019, he originated the role of the titular character in Beetlejuice The Musical, getting him another Tony nomination in 2019.

Since 2020, he has voiced Robo Fizz and Fizzarolli in the adult animated musical series Helluva Boss, and since 2024, he has voiced Sir Pentious and Adam in Hazbin Hotel.
Neal S. Blaisdell Center
The Neal S. Blaisdell Center  is a community center near downtown Honolulu, Hawaii. The complex has a multi-purpose arena, concert hall, exhibition hall, galleria, meeting rooms, Waikiki Shell and others.

Constructed in 1964 on the historic Ward Estate and originally called the Honolulu International Center, the center was renamed after Mayor of Honolulu Neal S. Blaisdell, who oversaw its construction. It was remodeled and expanded in 1994. The complex is overseen by the city's Department of Enterprise Services, which also oversees the Waikiki Shell. As of 2019, the city is seeking to redevelop the site with extensive stakeholder and public involvement to assess the community's goals.

Neal Blaisdell
Neal Shaw Blaisdell (November 6, 1902 – November 5, 1975) served as Mayor of Honolulu from 1955 to 1969 as a member of the Hawaii Republican Party. As chief executive of the City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii, he oversaw one of the largest construction booms in city and county history, working closely with Governor of Hawaii John A. Burns. Blaisdell was the sitting mayor when Hawaii became the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959.
Goytacaz Futebol Clube
Goytacaz Futebol Clube, or Goytacaz as they are usually called, is a Brazilian football team from Campos dos Goytacazes in Rio de Janeiro, founded on August 20, 1912.

Home stadium is the Ary de Oliveira e Souza stadium, capacity 15,000. They play in blue shirts, white shorts and blue and white striped socks.

Campos dos Goytacazes
21°45′14″S 41°19′26″W﻿ / ﻿21.75389°S 41.32389°W﻿ / -21.75389; -41.32389

Campos dos Goytacazes ([ˈkɐ̃puz duz ɡojtaˈkazis]) is a city located in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with a population of 483,540 inhabitants. It is the largest city in Rio de Janeiro (state) outside of the Greater Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area.
Automorphism group
In mathematics, the automorphism group of an object X is the group consisting of automorphisms of X under composition of morphisms.  For example, if X is a finite-dimensional vector space, then the automorphism group of X is the group of invertible linear transformations from X to itself (the general linear group of X).  If instead X is a group, then its automorphism group  is the group consisting of all group automorphisms of X.

Especially in geometric contexts, an automorphism group is also called a symmetry group. A subgroup of an automorphism group is sometimes called a transformation group.

Automorphism groups are studied in a general way in the field of category theory.

Principal homogeneous space
In mathematics, a principal homogeneous space, or torsor, for a group G is a homogeneous space X for G in which the stabilizer subgroup of every point is trivial. Equivalently, a principal homogeneous space for a group G is a non-empty set X on which G acts freely and transitively (meaning that, for any x, y in X, there exists a unique g in G such that x·g = y, where · denotes the (right) action of G on X).
An analogous definition holds in other categories, where, for example,

G is a topological group, X is a topological space and the action is continuous,

G is a Lie group, X is a smooth manifold and the action is smooth,

G is an algebraic group, X is an algebraic variety and the action is regular.
Canada Water station
Canada Water is an interchange station in London. It is on the Jubilee line of the London Underground and the Windrush line of the London Overground, and is in London fare zone 2. The station is in Rotherhithe in the London borough of Southwark. It takes its name from Canada Water, a lake which was created from a former dock in the Port of London. London Overground services commenced on 27 April 2010, as the replacement extension of the historic tube line.

London Borough of Southwark
The London Borough of Southwark (/ˈsʌðərk/ ⓘ SUDH-ərk) in South London forms part of Inner London and is connected by bridges across the River Thames to the City of London and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas were amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963. All districts of the area are within the London postal district. It is governed by Southwark London Borough Council.

The part of the South Bank within the borough is home to London Bridge terminus station and the attractions of The Shard, Tate Modern, Shakespeare's Globe and Borough Market that are the largest of the venues in Southwark to draw domestic and international tourism. Dulwich is home to the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Imperial War Museum is in Elephant and Castle. Major districts include Bermondsey, Rotherhithe, Peckham, Camberwell, and Dulwich.
Danhai light rail
The Danhai light rail (traditional Chinese: 淡海輕軌; simplified Chinese: 淡海轻轨; pinyin: Dànhǎi Qīngguǐ, also known as Tamhai light rail) is a light rail transit (LRT) line in Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, operated by New Taipei Metro. It opened on 23 December 2018 and began service the following day.

Tamsui District
Tamsui District (Chinese: 淡水; pinyin: Dànshuǐ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tām-chúi; Tâi-lô: Tām-tsuí) is a seaside district in New Taipei City, Taiwan adjacent to the Tamsui River and overlooking the Taiwan Strait. The name of the district means "fresh water" in Chinese. Although modest in size (population 205,706), Tamsui plays a significant role in Taiwanese history and culture.
Thick-billed parrot
The thick-billed parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha) is a medium-sized parrot endemic to Mexico that formerly ranged into the southwestern United States. Its position in parrot phylogeny is the subject of ongoing discussion; it is sometimes referred to as thick-billed macaw or thick-billed conure. In Mexico, it is locally called guacamaya ("macaw") or cotorra serrana ("mountain parrot"). Classified internationally as Endangered through IUCN, the thick-billed parrot's decline has been central to multiple controversies over wildlife management. In 2018, the estimated wild population in Mexico was 1,700.

Conure
Conures are a diverse, loosely defined group of small to medium-sized parrots. They belong to several genera within a long-tailed group of the New World parrot subfamily Arinae. Most conures belong to the tribe Arini, though Myiopsitta is an exception. The term "conure" is used primarily in bird keeping, though it has appeared in some scientific journals. The American Ornithologists' Union uses the generic term parakeet for all species elsewhere called conure, though Joseph Forshaw, a prominent Australian ornithologist, uses conure.
Empire City Handicap
The Empire City Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race inaugurated on October 22, 1900, as part of the opening day racecard at Empire City Race Track in Yonkers, New York. Sometimes referred in newspaper reports as the Empire City Stakes, it was raced at the Empire City track through 1942 then the following year it moved to the Jamaica Race Course in Jamaica, Queens where it remained until its final running on November 7, 1953.

The first edition of the Empire City Handicap was open to horses age three and older. From 1937 until its final running in 1953, the race was restricted to three-year-old horses. There was no race run 1901–1906, and 1911–1913. That inaugural running was won by Charentus in a World record time of 2:04 flat for a mile and a quarter on dirt.

During its tenure, the Empire City Handicap was contested at various distances:

1 mile : 1907

1+1⁄8 miles : 1908–1910, 1914–1922, 1934–1941

1+3⁄16 miles : 1942-1953

1+1⁄4 miles : 1900, 1923–1933

Yonkers Raceway & Empire City Casino
Yonkers Raceway & Empire City Casino, founded in 1899 as the Empire City Race Track, is a one-half-mile standardbred harness racing dirt track and slots racino located at the intersection of Central Park Avenue and Yonkers Avenue in Yonkers, New York, United States, near the New York City border. It is owned by Vici Properties and operated by MGM Resorts International.