hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Three Roads to Quantum Gravity
Three Roads to Quantum Gravity: A New Understanding of Space, Time and the Universe is a non-fiction book by American theoretical physicist Lee Smolin. The book was initially published on May 30, 2001 by Basic Books as a part of the Science Masters series.

Lee Smolin
Lee Smolin (/ˈsmoʊlɪn/; born June 6, 1955) is an American theoretical physicist, a founding member of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Waterloo, and a member of the graduate faculty of the philosophy department at the University of Toronto. Smolin's 2006 book The Trouble with Physics criticized string theory's viability. He has made contributions to quantum gravity theory, in particular the approach known as loop quantum gravity. He advocates that the two primary approaches to quantum gravity, loop quantum gravity and string theory, can be reconciled as different aspects of the same underlying theory. He also advocates an alternative view on space and time that he calls temporal naturalism. His research interests also include cosmology, elementary particle theory, the foundations of quantum mechanics, and theoretical biology.
St Bees Head
54°30′14″N 3°37′56″W﻿ / ﻿54.50398°N 3.63229°W﻿ / 54.50398; -3.63229

St Bees Head is a headland on the North West coast of the English county of Cumbria and is named after the nearby village of St Bees.

It is the only stretch of Heritage Coast on the English coastline between the Welsh and Scottish borders, and is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The sea off the Head is protected as part of the Cumbria Coast Marine Conservation Zone.
It lies on two long-distance footpaths, the Cumbria Coastal Way and Alfred Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk. Both long-distance footpaths follow the edge of the cliffs, which rise to 90 metres above sea level and have views of the Cumbrian mountains and coast.

Heritage coast
A heritage coast is a strip of coastline in England and Wales, the extent of which is defined by agreement between the relevant statutory national agency and the relevant local authority. Such areas are recognised for their natural beauty, wildlife and heritage and amongst the purposes of definition is support for these qualities and enabling enjoyment of them by the public. For England this national agency is Natural England (having formerly been the Countryside Agency) and for Wales it is Natural Resources Wales (which took over the role from its predecessor body, Countryside Council for Wales).
Tatoi Palace
Tatoi (Greek: Τατόι, pronounced [ta.ˈto.i]) was the summer palace and 42 km2 (10,000 acres) estate of the former Greek royal family. The area is a densely wooded southeast-facing slope of Mount Parnitha, and its ancient and current official name is Dekeleia. It is located 27 km (17 mi) from the city centre of Athens and 2.5 km (2 mi) from Kifissia.

Decelea
Decelea (Ancient Greek: Δεκέλεια, Dekéleia), was a deme and ancient village in northern Attica serving as a trade route connecting Euboea with Athens, Greece. It was situated near the entrance of the eastern pass across Mount Parnes, which leads from the northeastern part of the Athenian plain to Oropus, and from thence both to Tanagra on the one hand, and to Delium and Chalcis on the other. It was situated about 120 stadia from Athens, and the same distance from the frontiers of Boeotia. It was visible from Athens and from its heights the ships entering the harbour of Piraeus were visible as well.
Rolando Jurquin
Rolando Jurquin Despaigne (born June 7, 1987) is a Cuban volleyball player, who plays as a wing-spiker. He was a member of the national squad of Cuba that claimed the bronze medal at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki (men's volleyball)
G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis, also known as Iraklis NEW PALLET after its title sponsor, is a volleyball team based in Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. Founded in 1921, it serves as the men's volleyball section of the multisports club of G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis. The team's colors are blue and white. They play their home matches at Katsaneio Indoor Hall. As of 2022, the team competes in the second–tier Greek Pre League.

The team has evolved into one of the most successful departments of G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis and one of the best teams in Greece and Europe, as they have won the Greek Championship 5 times (2002, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2012) and reached the final of the CEV Champions League 3 times (2005, 2006, 2009).
Samuel B. Garver
Samuel Boyer Garver (August 21, 1839–September 14, 1911) was an American farmer and politician.

Garver was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1855, he moved to Piatt County, Illinois and was involved with farming. Garver served in the 73rd Illinois Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and was wounded. He lived in Farmer City, Illinois and was involved with the drug business. Garver served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1897 to 1901 and was a Republican. In 1906, Garver moved to Decatur, Illinois. Garve died in Decatur, Illinois.

Farmer City, Illinois
Farmer City is a city in DeWitt County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,828 at the 2020 census.

Farmer City is part of Blue Ridge Community Unit School District 18 sharing facilities with nearby Mansfield and Bellflower, Illinois. Farmer City facilities include the District Unit Office, the Ruth M. Schneider Elementary School (K-3) and Blue Ridge High School. On May 30, 2018, the city declared itself a second amendment sanctuary.
Helen Jones
Helen Mary Jones (born 24 December 1954) is a British Labour politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Warrington North from 1997 to 2019.

Jones has served as Shadow Minister for Communities and Local Government and Shadow Home Office Minister.

Warrington North
Warrington North is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since 2019 by Charlotte Nichols of the Labour Party. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Czar Noir
Czar Noir is the tenth overall and seventh studio album by American hip hop trio Czarface, which consists of rapper and Wu-Tang Clan member Inspectah Deck and underground hip hop duo 7L & Esoteric. It was released on July 17, 2021 via Silver Age to promote the annual event Record Store Day.

Inspectah Deck
Jason S. Hunter (born July 6, 1970), better known by his stage name Inspectah Deck, is an American rapper and hip hop producer. He is a member of the groups Wu-Tang Clan and Czarface.

He has acquired critical praise for his intricate lyricism, and for his verses on many of the group's most revered songs. He has grown to become a producer in his own right, taking up tracks for fellow Wu rappers and his own projects.
1979 US Open – Men's singles
John McEnroe defeated Vitas Gerulaitis in the final, 7–5, 6–3, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1979 US Open. It was his first major singles title.

Jimmy Connors was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by McEnroe. Connors' loss ended a record streak of five consecutive US Open finals (later surpassed by Ivan Lendl's eight consecutive US Open finals).

During the second round, Ilie Năstase was defaulted from his match against McEnroe. The umpire had docked Năstase a point in the third set and then a game in the fourth for arguing and stalling. A near riot followed as the crowd disagreed with the umpire's decision, by throwing beer cans and cups on court. The match was eventually restarted with the umpire being replaced before McEnroe came out the winner. McEnroe did not have to play in the third round (a walkover against John Lloyd) and only had to play three games in the quarterfinals (retirement by Eddie Dibbs).

Vitas Gerulaitis
Vytautas "Vitas" Kevin Gerulaitis (July 26, 1954 – September 17, 1994) was an American professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 3 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1978. Gerulaitis won the men's singles title at the December 1977 Australian Open, and the men's doubles title at the 1975 Wimbledon Championships, partnering with Sandy Mayer. Gerulaitis also won two Italian Opens in 1977 and 1979, and the 1978 WCT Finals.
Charles Wheatstone
Sir Charles Wheatstone (/ˈwiːtstən/; 6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875) was an English physicist and inventor best known for his contributions to the development of the Wheatstone bridge, originally invented by Samuel Hunter Christie, which is used to measure an unknown electrical resistance, and as a major figure in the development of telegraphy. His other contributions include the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images) and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique).

English concertina
The English concertina is a member of the concertina family of free-reed musical instruments. Invented in England in 1829, it was the first instrument of what would become the concertina family.

It is a fully chromatic instrument, having buttons in a rectangular arrangement of four staggered rows; its buttons are unisonoric, producing the same note on both the push and pull of the bellows. It differs from other concertinas in that the scale is divided evenly between the two hands, such that playing a scale involves both hands alternately playing each note in sequence.
Manville, South Carolina
Manville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, South Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census with a population of 471.

The CDP is in central Lee County along U.S. Route 15, 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Bishopville, the county seat, and 17 miles (27 km) north of Sumter. South Carolina Highway 441 has its northeastern terminus at US 15 just south of the CDP; Highway 441 leads southwest 19 miles (31 km) to U.S. Routes 76 and 378 next to Shaw Air Force Base west of Sumter. Scape Ore Swamp, a tributary of the Black River, forms the western border of the community.

Lee County, South Carolina
Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 16,531, making it the fifth-least populous county in South Carolina. Its county seat is Bishopville.
Tilden Regional Park
Charles Lee Tilden Regional Park, also known as Tilden Park or Tilden, [tɪldɨn], is a 2,079-acre (841 ha) regional park in the East Bay, part of the San Francisco Bay Area in California. It is between the Berkeley Hills and San Pablo Ridge. Its main entrance is near Kensington, Berkeley, and Richmond. The park is contiguous with Wildcat Canyon Regional Park.

The park is managed by the East Bay Regional Park District, created from the first land the District purchased in 1936.

Tilden Regional Park was named in honor of Charles Lee Tilden, a Bay Area attorney and businessman who served on the first Board of Directors of the East Bay Regional Park District.

East Bay
37°42′N 122°00′W﻿ / ﻿37.7°N 122°W﻿ / 37.7; -122

The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. With a population of roughly 2.8 million in 2024, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area, containing the second- and third-most populous Bay Area counties of Alameda (1.7 million) and Contra Costa (1.1 million).

Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay by population and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon, and Walnut Creek.
Youth rights
The youth rights movement (also known as youth liberation) seeks to grant the rights to young people that are traditionally reserved for adults. This is closely akin to the notion of evolving capacities within the children's rights movement, but the youth rights movement differs from the children's rights movement in that the latter places emphasis on the welfare and protection of children through the actions and decisions of adults, while the youth rights movement seeks to grant youth the liberty to make their own decisions autonomously in the ways adults are permitted to, or to abolish the legal minimum ages at which such rights are acquired, such as the age of majority and the voting age.

Codified youth rights constitute one aspect of how youth are treated in society. Other aspects include social questions of how adults see and treat youth, and how open a society is to youth participation.

Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are an important concept in law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.

The history of social conflicts has often involved attempts to define and redefine rights. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".
Erik Schønfeldt
Erik Schønfeldt  (born 19 November 1942) is a Norwegian former handball player and footballer.

He made his debut on the Norway national handball team in 1960, 
and played 45 matches for the national team between 1960 and 1968. He participated at the 1964 and 1967 World Men's Handball Championship.

Schønfeldt was awarded the Håndballstatuetten trophy from the Norwegian Handball Federation in 1999.

He is the father of Norway international handballer Morten Schønfeldt.

Schønfeldt was also an active football player. Playing for the club Frigg, he participated in the final of the 1965 Norwegian Football Cup.

1965 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1965 Norwegian Football Cup was the 60th edition of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The Cup was won by Skeid after beating Frigg in the cup final. It took a two replays to decide the winner. This was Skeid's seventh Norwegian Cup title.
Steindór Andersen
Steindór Andersen (2 September 1954 – 12 April 2025) was an Icelandic musician.

Steindór was noted for his rímur chanting and was most widely known for his collaborations with the band Sigur Rós. Other collaborations include with Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson and rapper Erpur Eyvindarson.

Rímur
In Icelandic literature, a ríma (IPA: [ˈriːma], literally "a rhyme", pl. rímur, [ˈriːmʏr̥]) is an epic poem written in any of the so-called rímnahættir ([ˈrimnaˌhaihtɪr̥], "rímur meters"). They are rhymed, they alliterate and consist of two to four lines per stanza. The plural, rímur, is either used as an ordinary plural, denoting any two or more rímur, but is also used for more expansive works, containing more than one ríma as a whole. Thus Ólafs ríma Haraldssonar denotes an epic about Ólafr Haraldsson in one ríma, while Sigurður Breiðfjörð's Núma rímur are a multi-part epic on Numa Pompilius.
Doctor Down Under
Doctor Down Under is a 1979 13-episode Australian television comedy series.  It was the sixth of seven series in an otherwise British TV franchise that began with Doctor in the House and was inspired by the "Doctor" books by Richard Gordon.  The series follows directly from its predecessor Doctor on the Go, and was commissioned by the Seven Network in association with the Paul Dainty organization based on the popularity in Australia of the previous five series in the franchise.

Writers for the Doctor Down Under episodes were Bernard McKenna, Jon Watkins, and Bernie Sharp. The episodes were directed by William G. Stewart and John Eastway; all episodes were produced by Stewart.

Bernard McKenna (writer)
Bernard McKenna (born 1944) is a Scottish writer/producer who has written, or co-written, many hours of British television comedy. He is most known for his work with Graham Chapman of Monty Python fame as well as his collaborations with Peter Cook and Douglas Adams. He has occasionally worked as an actor, and had several roles in Monty Python's Life of Brian.

McKenna previously taught creative writing, screenwriting and comedy at the University of Winchester.
Octave Tassaert
Nicolas François Octave Tassaert (Paris, 26 July 1800 – Paris, 24 April 1874) was a French painter of portraits and genre, religious, historical and allegorical paintings, as well as a lithographer and engraver. His genre pieces evoked the miserable life of the downtrodden in Paris and included a number of scenes of suicide.  He further created sensuous images of women and erotic scenes. He was later in life active as a writer and poet. He was the grandson of the Flemish sculptor Jean-Pierre-Antoine Tassaert.

Jean-Pierre-Antoine Tassaert
Jean-Pierre-Antoine Tassaert or Jean Pierre Antoine Tassaert (1727, Antwerp – 21 January 1788, Berlin) was a sculptor of Flemish extraction, who, after a successful career in France, became a leading portrait sculptor in Berlin.
Conception Convent
The Conception Convent or Zachatyevsky Monastery (Russian: Зачатьевский монастырь, romanized: Zachat'yevskiy monastyr') is a Russian Orthodox stauropegic convent on the northern bank of the Moskva River in Khamovniki District of Moscow. The convent was closed by the Bolsheviks in 1918 and did not reopen until 1995.

Khamovniki District
55°43′34″N 37°34′16″E﻿ / ﻿55.72611°N 37.57111°E﻿ / 55.72611; 37.57111

Khamovniki District (Russian: Хамо́вники) is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: 102,730 (2010 census); 97,110 (2002 census).

The district extends from Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge into the Luzhniki bend of Moskva River; northern boundary with Arbat District follows Znamenka Street, Gogolevsky Boulevard, Sivtsev Vrazhek and Borodinsky Bridge.

The district contains Pushkin Museum, Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, Devichye Pole medical campus, Novodevichy Convent and memorial cemetery, Luzhniki Stadium. The stretch of Khamovniki between Boulevard Ring and Garden Ring, known as Golden Mile, is downtown Moscow's most expensive housing area.
Chuck Feeney
Charles Francis Feeney (April 23, 1931 – October 9, 2023) was an American businessman and philanthropist who made his fortune as a co-founder of Duty Free Shoppers Group, the travel retailer of luxury products based in Hong Kong. He was the founder of the Atlantic Philanthropies, one of the largest private charitable foundations in the world. Feeney gave away his fortune in secret for many years, choosing to be anonymous, and donating more than $8 billion in his lifetime.

Nolan School of Hotel Administration
The Nolan School of Hotel Administration (SHA, more commonly known as the Hotel School) is a specialized business school in the Cornell Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University, a private Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1922, it was the world's first four-year intercollegiate school devoted to hospitality management.

The undergraduate business curriculum at SHA is one of only three such Ivy League programs accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). Students in the Hotel School are referred to as Hotelies. Participants come from all over the world to take classes at such locations as Ithaca, New York; Brussels, Belgium; Singapore; and site visits in Las Vegas and New York City.
The Pilot (Massachusetts newspaper)
The Pilot, also known as The Boston Pilot, is an American periodical that serves as the official newspaper of the Archdiocese of Boston in Massachusetts. It claims the title of "America's oldest Catholic newspaper", having been in continuous publication since its first issue on September 5, 1829.

Archdiocese of Boston
The Archdiocese of Boston (Latin: Archidiœcesis Bostoniensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in eastern Massachusetts in the United States. Its mother church is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston.

The Diocese of Boston was erected in 1808, branching off from the Diocese of Baltimore. It grew rapidly during the 19th century; today it is the fourth largest archdiocese in the United States. Starting in 2002, the archdiocese faced a sexual abuse scandal which touched off investigations of Catholic Church sexual abuse cases throughout the United States. Richard G. Henning is the archbishop.
Animal Husbandry (game)
Animal Husbandry (Polish: Hodowla zwierzątek) is a dice game invented and published by the Polish mathematician Karol Borsuk at his own expense in 1943, during the German occupation of Warsaw. The game was later released as Have You Herd? and Super Farmer.

Karol Borsuk
Karol Borsuk (8 May 1905 – 24 January 1982) was a Polish mathematician. His main area of interest was topology. He made significant contributions to shape theory, a term which he coined. He also  obtained important results in functional analysis. He was a professor of mathematics at the University of Warsaw, a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Polish Mathematical Society and a leading representative of the Warsaw School of Mathematics.
Disappearance of Rhianna Barreau
Rhianna Ann Barreau (born 1980) was a 12-year-old Australian girl who went missing on 7 October 1992, from her home in Morphett Vale, South Australia. She was suspected to have been abducted and murdered. The South Australia Police has described the case as one of the "largest files" with major crime in modern times but have never officially named any suspect.

Morphett Vale, South Australia
Morphett Vale is a southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Onkaparinga. It is the largest suburb in the state, with a population of more than 23,000 and an area of 12.76 km2, followed by Paralowie with nearly 10,000 fewer residents. There are approximately 1,000 businesses in Morphett Vale.
The suburb is bordered by (clockwise from north) Sheriffs/Pimpala Road, Panalatinga Road, Doctors/Beach Road, and the Southern Expressway.
Ways of Dying
Ways of Dying is a 1995 novel by South African novelist and playwright Zakes Mda.  The text follows the wanderings and creative endeavors of Toloki, a self-employed professional mourner, as he traverses an unnamed South African city during the nation's transitional period.

Ways of Dying examines the concepts of nation-building after the communal trauma of Apartheid. It is an examination of the interregnum period in South African history. Mda experiments with magical realism, using it to highlight the interplay of tragedy and laughter in confronting crisis, and the conflicts between social classes and government authority.

Professional mourning
Professional mourning or paid mourning is a type of public performance in which actors pretend to grieve for the recently deceased, with the goal of being indistinguishable from real mourners. As an occupation it originates from Egyptian, Chinese,  Mediterranean and Near Eastern cultures. Professional mourners, also called wailers, moirologists, or mutes, are compensated to lament or deliver a eulogy and help comfort and entertain the grieving family, or to improve the public spectacle of the funeral. Mentioned in the Bible and other religious texts, the occupation is widely invoked and explored in literature, from the Ugaritic epics of early centuries BC to modern poetry.