hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apeldoorn–Deventer railway
The Apeldoorn–Deventer railway is an important railway in the Netherlands, running from Apeldoorn, Gelderland to Deventer, Overijssel. The line was opened between 1887 and 1888. It is used by long-distance trains from Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague towards Enschede and Berlin, and by local services between Apeldoorn and Enschede.

Overijssel
Overijssel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌoːvərˈɛisəl] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Oaveriessel [ˌɒːvərˈiːsl̩]; German: Oberyssel; lit. 'Outer IJssel') is a province of the Netherlands located in the eastern part of the country. The province borders Drenthe to the north, Friesland to the north-west, Flevoland (and a small part of the IJsselmeer) to the west, Gelderland to the south and west, and Germany's states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia to the east. Overijssel had a population of about 1,184,000 as of January 2023.

The province's name comes from the perspective of the Episcopal principality of Utrecht, which held the territory until 1528. The capital city of Overijssel is Zwolle (pop. 132,441) and the largest city is Enschede (pop. 161,235). The land mostly consists of grasslands and some forests (including Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park).
San Donato, San Miniato
San Donato is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of San Miniato, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 1,838.

San Donato is about 40 km from Pisa and 9 km from San Miniato.

San Miniato
San Miniato is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Pisa, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

San Miniato sits at a historically strategic location atop three small hills where it dominates the lower Arno valley, between the valleys of the Egola and Elsa rivers. It used to carry the additional sobriquet al Tedesco ("to the German") to distinguish it from the convent of San Miniato al Monte in Florence, which is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the northeast.
Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences
Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (German for "Eastphalia University of Applied Sciences", known as  Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel until 2009), is a Fachhochschule in eastern Lower Saxony, Germany. The predecessor of the college, Staatliche Ingenieurschule Wolfenbüttel (State Engineering School Wolfenbuettel), was founded in 1928.  It merged with two other independent institutions in August 1971.

It has campuses at:

Salzgitter (SZ)

Wolfenbüttel (WF)

Wolfsburg (WOB)

Suderburg (UE)

Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg (German: [ˈvɔlfsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Wulfsborg) is the fifth-largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony. It lies on the river Aller, 75 kilometres (47 mi) east of Hanover and 230 kilometres (143 mi) west of Berlin.

Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and, until it was overtaken by Tesla Gigafactory Texas in 2022, the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Ducati, Lamborghini, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, Škoda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century as a planned city. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a home for workers producing the KdF-Wagen until 25 May 1945, the city was called Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben. In 1972, the population first exceeded 100,000. In 2019, the GRP was €188,453 per capita.
Edgar Anderson
Edgar Shannon Anderson (November 9, 1897 – June 18, 1969) was an American botanist. He introduced the term introgressive hybridization and his 1949 book of that title was an original and important contribution to botanical genetics. His work on the transfer and origin of adaptations through natural hybridization continues to be relevant.

Anderson was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1934. In 1954, he was an elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was also president of the Botanical Society of America in 1952, and was a charter member of the Society for the Study of Evolution and the Herb Society of America He received the Darwin-Wallace Medal of the Linnean Society in 1958.

Herb Society of America
The Herb Society of America (HSA) is a nonprofit, volunteer-based organization dedicated to promoting the knowledge and appreciation of herbs through educational programs and research.

As of 2024, the society has 40 chapters throughout the United States.
Olive oil extraction
Olive oil extraction is the process of extracting the olive oil present in olive drupes. Olive oil is produced in the mesocarp cells, and stored in a particular type of vacuole called a lipo vacuole, i.e., every cell contains a tiny olive oil droplet. Olive oil extraction is the process of separating the oil from the other fruit contents (vegetative extract liquid and solid material). It is possible to attain this separation by physical means alone, i.e., oil and water do not mix, so they are relatively easy to separate. This contrasts with other  oils that are extracted with chemical solvents, generally hexane. The first operation when extracting olive oil is washing the olives, to reduce the presence of contaminants, especially soil which can create a particular flavor effect called "soil taste".

Pomace
Pomace (/ˈpʌməs/ PUM-əs), or marc (/ˈmɑːrk/; from French marc [maʁ]), is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit.

Grape pomace has traditionally been used to produce pomace brandy (such as grappa, orujo, törkölypálinka, tsipouro, tsikoudia, zivania). Today, it is mostly used as fodder, as fertilizer, or for the extraction of bioactive compounds like polyphenols.
Francis Hallé
Francis Hallé (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃sis ale]; 15 April 1938 – 31 December 2025) was a French botanist and biologist. He was a specialist on tropical rainforests and of tree architecture. He is best known for the first "Radeau des cimes" ("Navigating the peaks") he initiated with an aerostatic balloon in 1986. He was a Professor Emeritus at the University of Montpellier.

In 2010, he and Luc Jacquet started to collaborate for a Wild-Touch film project, La Forêt des pluies, a documentary about primary forests.

Hallé died in 2025, at the age of 87.

Luc Jacquet
Luc Jacquet (French pronunciation: [lyk ʒakɛ]; born 5 December 1967) is a French film director and screenwriter. He wrote and directed the film March of the Penguins, which won an Oscar for Best Documentary Feature in 2006 and received a nomination for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay. He also directed The Fox and the Child. It was released in Britain and Ireland in slightly re-edited dubbed English-language version with narration by Kate Winslet, and was released in the United States on 29 February 2008.

His 2015 film Ice and the Sky was selected to close the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.
Sedro-Woolley High School
Sedro-Woolley High School is a public high school in the city of Sedro-Woolley, Washington State. The school enrolls about 1394 in grades 9-12. Its colors are blue and white and the school mascot is the bear cub. It is the primary high school for the Sedro-Woolley School District, with State Street High School being the alternative school.

Sedro-Woolley, Washington
Sedro-Woolley (/ˌsiːdroʊ ˈwʊli/ SEE-droh WUUL-ee) is a city in Skagit County, Washington, United States. It is part of the Mount Vernon–Anacortes, Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area and had a population of 12,421 at the 2020 census. The city is home to the administrative offices of North Cascades National Park, which lies east of Sedro-Woolley on State Route 20.
Quimbaya, Quindío
Quimbaya is a town and municipality in the western part of the department of Quindío, Colombia. It's 20 km northwest of the departmental capital Armenia. The name of the city derives from the name of the Precolumbian culture that inhabited the area, the Quimbaya civilization. Located along the Colombian coffee growing axis, the municipality was made part of the "Coffee Cultural Landscape" UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011.

Quindío Department
Quindío (Spanish pronunciation: [kinˈdi.o]) is a department of Colombia. It is located in the western central of the country, specifically in the Andean region. Its capital is Armenia. It is famous for its coffee plantations, colorful architecture, benign weather, and tourist landmarks. This department is located in a strategic area, in the center of the triangle formed by the three main cities of the country: Bogotá, Medellín and Cali. Quindío is the second-smallest Colombian department (0.2% of the national territory) with 12 municipalities. Ethnographically and culturally, it belongs to the Paisa region.
National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa
The National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa (Polish: Narodowe Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Częstochowskiej), also known as the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Bright Mountain (Polish: Narodowe Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Jasnogórskiej), and also commonly known as the American Czestochowa (Polish: Amerykańska Częstochowa), and Czestochowa, is a Polish-American Catholic shrine near Doylestown, Pennsylvania, founded in 1953. It houses a reproduction of the Black Madonna icon of Częstochowa, Poland. The heart of Poland's third prime minister, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, is also preserved there.

Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Doylestown is a borough in and the county seat of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the borough population was 8,300.

Doylestown is located 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Trenton, 25 miles (40 km) north of Center City Philadelphia, and 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Allentown. It is part of the Delaware Valley, and the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
G. Sankara Pillai
Gopala Pillai Sankara Pillai (22 June 1930 – 1 January 1989), better known as G. Sankara Pillai,  was an Indian playwright, literary critic, and director, known to be one of the pioneers of modern Malayalam theatre. A proponent of total theater, he was the founder of Nataka Kalari movement in Kerala and the chairman of the Kerala Sangeeta Nataka Akademi. He was a recipient of a number of awards including the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama in 1964 for the work Rail Palangal (Railway track) and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for the best playwright in 1979.

School of Drama and Fine Arts
The School of Drama and Fine Arts, established in 1977, a drama school and a department of University of Calicut, is a prime institution in India giving academic training in the theatrical and practical aspects of drama and theatre. It is located in one of the off-campus centres of University of Calicut, Dr. John Matthai Centre, in Aranattukara, Thrissur, Kerala, India. It offers courses on Bachelor of Theatre Arts, Master of Theatre Arts, Master of Arts in music, MPhil and PhD in theatre and music. The institution is affiliated to National School of Drama. The school hosts International Festival of Theatre Schools (IFTS) each year. The department collaborated with Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi for conducting a theatre workshop for transgenders, the first time in India, as part of the International Theatre Festival of Kerala in 2018.
Wang Meng (cricketer)
Wang Meng (王萌, born 21 June 1988) is a Chinese cricketer who represents the China women's national cricket team in domestic and international cricket in Women's Twenty20 cricket.
She made her international cricket debut in 2018 when the Chinese women's team toured South Korea.

A right-handed batter and right-arm medium-fast bowler, she was also a part of the China vs Japan Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) held in September 2019 in Incheon. She played her last WT20I against Hong Kong Women at Incheon on September 22, 2019.

China women's national cricket team
The China women's national cricket team represents China in international women's cricket matches. The team is organised by the Chinese Cricket Association and made its official international debut in 2007.
Sandler Review
In 2001 the Government of the United Kingdom asked the British businessman Ron Sandler to:

Identify the competitive forces driving the retail financial services industry; and

Suggest policy responses to ensure that customers are well served.

Ron Sandler
Ron Sandler CBE is a British businessman best known for his contribution in the rescue of Lloyd's of London, where he was CEO from 1995 to 1999. He was also the government-appointed executive chairman of Northern Rock during its three-year nationalization.
Dziecinów, Kozienice County
Dziecinów [d͡ʑɛˈt͡ɕinuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grabów nad Pilicą, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Radom Voivodeship.

The village includes the districts of Adamów and Grzybowszczyzna.

Gmina Grabów nad Pilicą
Gmina Grabów nad Pilicą is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Grabów nad Pilicą, which lies approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) north-west of Kozienice and 57 km (35 mi) south of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 125 square kilometres (48.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,692.
Slovakia national under-21 football team
The Slovakia national under-21 football team, controlled by the Slovak Football Association, is Slovakia's national under-21 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Slovakia national football team.

Slovak Football Association
The Slovak Football Association (Slovak: Slovenský futbalový zväz, SFZ) is the governing body of Association football in Slovakia. The association has the responsibility for the control and development of football in Slovakia, and is the body that runs the Slovakia national football, and futsal teams.
Bomba, Libya
Bomba (Arabic: البمبة) is a village in eastern Libya on the Gulf of Bomba. It is located 61 km (38 mi) south of Derna.

Greek historian Herodotus said that Cyrene was founded in mid-7th century BC, when a group of Greek immigrants from Thera landed at the Gulf of Bomba, and stayed there for years, then, they moved to place of Cyrene, and then, founded it. Depending  on an old myth, Battus moved, by the advice of the gods, to Libya, landed on the Gulf of Timimi (the same Gulf of Bomba), and then moved westwards and founded Cyrene.

Gulf of Bomba
The Gulf of Bomba, is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya. It lies about 40 miles (64 km) east of Derna (or Derne) at 32 degrees 38 minutes North Latitude, 23 degrees 07 minutes East Longitude. It is named after the Libyan village of Bomba.
Varano de' Melegari
Varano de' Melegari (Parmigiano: Varàn di Melgär) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) west of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Parma.

The town is home to a medieval castle (Castello Pallavicino), a motorsport circuit, the Autodromo Riccardo Paletti, and the headquarters of racecar manufacturer Dallara. Also notable is the 7th century octagonal baptistery in the frazione of Serravalle Ceno, located on the Ceno River.

Near the town is located the Mount Prinzera, 724 meters high, it is a regional natural park along the Via Francigena, mainly formed by rocks of ophiolite origin.

Dallara
Dallara Group S.r.l. is the largest multi-national Italian race car manufacturer, founded by its current President, Giampaolo Dallara. After working for Ferrari, Maserati, Lamborghini and De Tomaso, in 1972 in his native village of Varano de' Melegari (Parma), he created Dallara Automobili.

Dallara is the sole manufacturer of racing cars for the IndyCar Series, Indy NXT, FIA Formula 2, FIA Formula 3 and Super Formula Championships. The company also produces cars for endurance races such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 24 Hours of Daytona.

Dallara has also been involved in the development and production of both Formula E cars and Haas F1 Team cars.
Fred M. Wilcox (director)
Fred McLeod Wilcox (December 22, 1907 – September 23, 1964) was an American motion picture director. He worked for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for many years  and is best remembered for directing Lassie Come Home (1943) and Forbidden Planet (1956). These films were entered in the National Film Preservation Board's National Film Registry in 1993 and 2013 respectively.

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (/ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/; German: [ˌklaːɡn̩fʊʁt ʔam ˈvœʁtɐzeː] ⓘ; Slovene: Celovec; Austro-Bavarian: Klognfuat; Carinthian Slovene: Clouvc), usually known as simply Klagenfurt (English: /ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/ KLAH-gən-foort), is the capital and largest city of the Austrian state of Carinthia, as well as of the historical region of Carinthia (including Slovenian Carinthia).

With a population of 105,759 (1 January 2026), it is the sixth-largest city in Austria after Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt, the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler Private University for Music. Klagenfurt is considered the cultural centre of the Carinthian Slovenes (Slovene: koroški Slovenci; German: Kärntner Slowenen), one of Austria's indigenous minorities.

Matija Majar
Matija Majar, also spelled Majer (7 February 1809 – 31 July 1892), pseudonym  Ziljski, was a Carinthian Slovene Roman Catholic priest and political activist, best known as the creator of the idea of a United Slovenia.
Gustav Otto
Gustav Otto (12 January 1883 – 28 February 1926) was a German aircraft and aircraft engine designer and manufacturer.

Otto was born in Cologne to Nicolaus August Otto, the founder of N. A. Otto & Cie. and inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine. It is therefore regarded that his interest in engines, specifically aircraft and the manufacture thereof, was something he inherited from his father at an early age.

Nicolaus Otto
Nicolaus August Otto (German pronunciation: [ˈnɪkolaʊ̯s ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈɔto]; 10 June 1832 – 26 January 1891) was a German engineer who successfully developed the compressed charge internal combustion engine which ran on petroleum gas and led to the modern internal combustion engine. The Association of German Engineers (VDI) created DIN standard 1940 which says "Otto Engine: internal combustion engine in which the ignition of the compressed fuel-air mixture is initiated by a timed spark", which has been applied to all engines of this type since.
Targa, Tasmania
Targa is a rural locality in the local government area of Launceston, in the Northern region of Tasmania. It is located about 33 kilometres (21 mi) north-east of the city of Launceston. The 2016 census determined a population of 38 for the state suburb of Targa.

City of Launceston
Launceston City Council (or City of Launceston) is a local government body in Tasmania, located in the city and surrounds of Launceston in the north of the state. The Launceston local government area is classified as urban, encompassing localities including Lilydale, Targa and through to Swan Bay on the eastern side of the Tamar River.
Idaho State Highway 44
State Highway 44 (SH-44) is a 23.089-mile-long (37.158 km) state highway in the U.S. State of Idaho. SH-44 travels through the Treasure Valley from Interstate 84 (I-84) to U.S. Route 20 (US-20) and US-26 in Garden City, Idaho.

Middleton, Idaho
Middleton is a city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population amounted to 9,091 at the 2021 census estimate, up from 5,524 at the 2010 census and 2,978 in 2000. It is part of the Boise City–Nampa, Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Labour Party Black Sections
Labour Party Black Sections (LPBS), commonly known as Black Sections, was a caucus made up of Labour Party members of African, Caribbean, and Asian descent from 1983 to 1993. Its aims were campaigning against racism, demanded political representation of black and Asian members and establishing a group in the party.

Linda Bellos
Linda Ann Bellos OBE (born 13 December 1950) is a British businesswoman, radical feminist and lesbian rights activist. In 1981 she became the first woman of African descent to join the Spare Rib collective. She was elected to Lambeth Borough Council in London in 1985 and was the leader of the council from 1986 to 1988.
Swing Batta Swing
Swing Batta Swing is the debut studio album by American rapper K7. It was released on November 9, 1993 by Tommy Boy Records and was produced by Frankie Cutlass, K7, Joey Gardner and Mike Lorello. Swing Batta Swing was released with two different album covers.

The album did fairly well on the US charts, peaking at No. 96 on the Billboard 200, No. 54 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and No. 1 on the Top Heatseekers. It features four singles, including his most popular song, "Come Baby Come", which made it to No. 18 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 9 on the Hot Rap Singles and No. 3 in the UK singles chart. Other singles from the album were "Hi De Ho", which was featured in a scene of the 1994 film The Mask (UK No. 17), "Zunga Zeng" (US No. 61, US Rap No. 23, UK No. 63) and "Move It Like This" (US No. 54, US Rap No. 26).

Synthetic Substitution
"Synthetic Substitution" is a 1973 song by Melvin Bliss. The song begins with a 2-bar drum break performed by Bernard Purdie. Originally starting life as a throwaway B-side, with "Reward" as the A-Side, the song failed to chart anywhere on its initial release because of the collapse of Opal Productions, the parent company of Sunburst Records. However, after the song was sampled by Ultramagnetic MCs in their track Ego Trippin, many other artists followed suit, and eventually the song became one of the most sampled songs of all time.
Rope (film)
Rope is a 1948 American psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, based on the 1929 play of the same title by Patrick Hamilton. The film was adapted by Hume Cronyn with a screenplay by Arthur Laurents.

The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions. Starring James Stewart, John Dall and Farley Granger, this is the first of Hitchcock's Technicolor films, and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as four long shots through the use of stitched-together long takes. It is the second of Hitchcock's "limited setting" films, the first being Lifeboat (1944). The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb.

The film received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box office upon its release, but its reception has grown more favorable over the years.

Transatlantic Pictures
Transatlantic Pictures was founded by Alfred Hitchcock and longtime associate Sidney Bernstein at the end of World War II in preparation for the end of Hitchcock's contract with David O. Selznick in 1947.
Glynis Oliver
Glynis Oliver, also credited as Glynis Wein (/wiːn/), is an artist who has worked as a colorist in the comics industry. For several years, she was married to Len Wein. She returned to her maiden name in 1985.

Amazing Adventures
Amazing Adventures is the name of several anthology comic book series, all but one published by Marvel Comics.

The earliest Marvel series of that name introduced the company's first superhero of the late-1950s to early-1960s period fans and historians call the Silver Age of Comic Books. That same series also included the first comic book to be labeled "Marvel Comics".