hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1968 United States Senate election in Alaska
The 1968 United States Senate election in Alaska took place on November 5, 1968. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Ernest Gruening ran for a second full term in office but finished behind Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives Mike Gravel in the Democratic primary. Gruening launched a write-in bid for the seat in the general election, but finished third to Gravel and Republican former Anchorage mayor Elmer Rasmuson.

Gravel would later lose the primary in 1980 to Gruening's grandson Clark.

This would be the first of 3 times where the incumbent holder of Alaska's Class 3 U.S. Senate seat was defeated in the primary while running for re-election.

Future Senator Ted Stevens also ran in the Republican primary, but lost to Rasmuson by around 1,000 votes. When incumbent Democratic Class 2 Senator Bob Bartlett died that December, Governor Wally Hickel appointed Stevens to the vacant seat, giving Stevens a seniority advantage of 10 days over the incoming Gravel.

Clark Gruening
Clark S. Gruening (/ˈɡriːnɪŋ/ GREEN-ing; March 28, 1943 – June 17, 2025) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician from the U.S. state of Alaska. He is chiefly known as the second of three people to defeat the incumbent holder of Alaska's Class 3 United States Senate seat in the primary election.
Apače
Apače (pronounced [ˈáːpatʃɛ]; German: Abstall) is a town in Slovenia and it is located on the border between Slovenia and Austria. It is the seat of the Municipality of Apače, which is the northernmost municipality in the traditional region of Slovenian Styria. It now belongs to the Mura Statistical Region. It is located 25 kilometers northeast of Maribor and 20 kilometers west of Murska Sobota.

Municipality of Apače
The Municipality of Apače (pronounced [ˈáːpatʃɛ]; Slovene: Občina Apače) is a municipality in Slovenia. It lies in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia and belongs to the Mura Statistical Region. The municipality borders the municipalities of Šentilj, Sveta Ana, and Gornja Radgona. The Mura River is the border between Slovenia and Austria. The seat of the municipality is the town of Apače. The municipality was established in 2006 and split from the Municipality of Gornja Radgona on 1 January 2007. It borders Austria.
Battle of Knockdoe
The Battle of Knockdoe took place on 19 August 1504 at Knockdoe, in the Parish of Lackagh (Irish Leacach), County Galway, between two Hiberno Norman lords – Gearóid Mór FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, and Ulick Fionn Burke, 6th Clanricarde (d. 1509) – along with their respective Irish allies. The cause was a dispute between Maelsechlainn mac Tadhg Ó Cellaigh (Mod. Irish Maoilseachlainn mac Thaidhg Uí Cheallaigh)(O'Kelly), King of Ui Maine – Mod. Irish Uí Mháine) and Clanricarde.
The major contemporary sources for this battle are the Gaelic Irish annals and a sixteenth-century manuscript written in the Pale known as "the Book of Howth".

Christopher St Lawrence, 8th Baron Howth
Christopher St Lawrence, 8th Baron Howth (died 1589) was an Irish politician and peer. He was a member of the Privy Council of Ireland, and played a leading part in the Government of Ireland in the 1560s, but he later went into opposition and was imprisoned as a result. He was nicknamed the Blind Lord.

He was a man of intelligence and some learning, who is believed to have written part of the historical compilation called The Book of Howth. On the other hand, he was notorious for his domestic cruelty: he was imprisoned and fined for severely ill-treating his wife and for causing the death of his teenage daughter through his ill-treatment of her.
Antonia Lloyd-Jones
Antonia Lloyd-Jones (born 1962) is a British translator of Polish literature based in London. She is best known as the long-time translator of Olga Tokarczuk's works in English, including Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead which was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize in 2019. The former co-chair of the Translators Association in the United Kingdom from 2015 to 2017, she is also a mentor for the Emerging Translator Mentorship Programme in the National Centre for Writing and has mentored several early-career translators from Polish into English.

Found in Translation Award
The Found in Translation Award is an annual award for the best translation of Polish literature into English. The award is given to the translator(s) who also receive a cash prize of 16,000 zł.

The award was established by the Kraków-based Book Institute, the Polish Cultural Institute in London, the Polish Cultural Institute in New York and the W.A.B. Publishing House in Warsaw on 15 October 2007. Since 2015, the FIL Award has been awarded by the Book Institute, the Polish Cultural Institute in London and the Polish Cultural Institute in New York (in 2016, they were joined by the Polish Institute in New Delhi). The first winner of the award was announced in 2008.
Lynn County, Texas
Lynn County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 5,596. Its county seat is Tahoka. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1903.

Lynn County, along with Crosby and Lubbock Counties, is part of the Lubbock Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The Lubbock MSA and Levelland Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), encompassing only Hockley County, form the larger Lubbock–Levelland Combined Statistical Area (CSA).

Lynn County was one of 30 prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in Texas, but is now a moist county.

The county has two historical museums, the O'Donnell Heritage Museum, with a Dan Blocker room in O'Donnell, and the Tahoka Pioneer Museum in Tahoka.

The county is also home to the Lynn County Hospital District that provides medical care to the county and surrounding area.

Lubbock metropolitan area
The Lubbock metropolitan area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the South Plains region of West Texas, United States, that covers three counties – Crosby, Lubbock, and Lynn. As of the 2010 census, the Lubbock MSA had a population of 290,805, though a 2019 estimate placed the population at 322,257, which ranks it the 157th-most populated MSA in the United States. It is also part of the larger Lubbock–Plainview combined statistical area.
Budha
Budha (Sanskrit: बुध) is the Sanskrit word for the planet Mercury, personified as the god of intelligence.

He is also known as Somaya or Rohinaya. He rules over the nakshatras (lunar mansions) of Ashlesha, Jyeshtha, and Revati.

Jyeshtha (nakshatra)
Jyeshtha (ज्येष्ठा, "the eldest" in Sanskrit) is the 18th nakshatra or lunar mansion in Hindu astronomy and Vedic astrology, associated with the stars Antares, σ Sco, and τ Sco in Scorpius. Jyeshtha is also the name of a goddess.
Nna Thaan Case Kodu
Nna Thaan Case Kodu (transl. sue me) is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language satire courtroom comedy film written and directed by Ratheesh Balakrishnan Poduval, produced by Santhosh T. Kuruvilla and co-produced by Kunchacko Boban Productions and Udaya Pictures. The film stars Kunchacko Boban and Gayathrie Shankar (In her Malayalam debut). The music was composed by Dawn Vincent. The story revolves around Kozhummal Rajeevan, a reformed thief's fight for justice when an innocent act to defend himself places him in loggerheads with the high and mighty of society.

Nna Thaan Case Kodu received a U certificate and was released theatrically on 11 August 2022 opened to positive reviews for its humour, screenplay, direction & performances. It was featured at the 54th IFFI Indian panorama section. The film was a blockbuster at box office.

Udaya Studios
Udaya Studios is one of the oldest film studios in the Malayalam film industry of India. It was established in 1947 by director-producer Kunchacko (1912–1976) and film distributor K. V. Koshy in Pathirappally, Alappuzha in Kerala. The studio influenced the gradual shift of Malayalam film industry from Chennai, Tamil Nadu to Kerala. The first film of the studio was Vellinakshatram (1949).

The films made at the studio were produced under the banner of K & K Productions, and later under Excel Productions (also spelt X. L. Productions). Udaya's professional rivalry with P. Subramaniam's Maryland Studio was quite famous.
Kendleton, Texas
Kendleton is a city in western Fort Bend County, Texas, United States, located southwest of Sugar Land. It was established by emancipated slaves after the Civil War. The population was 343 at the 2020 census.

Fort Bend County, Texas
Fort Bend County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. The county was founded on December 29, 1837, and organized the next year. It is named for a blockhouse at a bend of the Brazos River. The community developed around the fort in early days. The county seat is Richmond. The largest city located entirely within the county borders is Sugar Land. The largest city by population in the county is Houston, but most of Houston's population is located in neighboring Harris County.

Fort Bend County is included in the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2020 census, its population was 822,779, making it the state's eighth-most populous county, and was estimated to be 958,434 in 2024. In 2017, Forbes ranked it the fifth-fastest growing county in the United States.
Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy
Sir Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy (10 December 1880 – 24 February 1951), also popularly known as Sir C. R. Reddy, was an educationist and political thinker, essayist and economist, poet and literary critic. He was a prominent member of the Justice Party and an ardent champion of the non-Brahmin movement, joining the movement to unite the non-Brahmin communities. He wrote his works in Telugu and English; these reveal his deep love for Indian classics and his learning in these texts, as well as the modernity of his outlook.

Reddy was the educationalist who played a major role in shaping the educational policy in India. He was also the recipient of a British Knighthood in honour of his service to the country. He was the founder of Andhra University and also served as its first Vice-Chancellor from 1926 to 1931 and in a further second term from 1936 to 1949.

Chittoor
Chittoor is a city and district headquarters in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is also the mandal and divisional headquarters of Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division respectively. The city has a population of 189,332.
Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency
Kamakhyanagar is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Dhenkanal district, Odisha.

Area of this constituency includes Kamakhyanagar, Bhuban, 15 GPs (Badasuanlo, Jagannathpur, Bhairapur, Baruan(K), Baunspal, Kanapura, Baisinga, Baligorad, Mahulapal, Kadua, Rainarasinghpur, Sogar, Budhibilli, Bankual and Kotagara) of Kamakshyanagar block and 7 GPs (Barada, Gengutia, Sankulei, Tarva, Chaulia, Sogarpasi and Bansingh) of Dhenkanal block, and Bhuban block.

In 1985 election, Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Prasanna Pattnaik was elected from Kamakhyanagar to become the first BJP MLA from Odisha.

Prasanna Pattnaik
Prasanna Pattnaik (1 June 1948 – 30 May 2025) was an Indian politician and the first Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) MLA of Odisha. He was elected three times to the Odisha Legislative Assembly from Kamakhyanagar constituency.

He worked to establish the BJP in Odisha during the 1980s, and rejoined the BJP along with his wife Nalini Prabha Patnaik in 2014, to further establish the BJP in the 2014 Odisha Assembly elections.
Heinrich Hübsch
Heinrich Hübsch (9 February 1795 – 3 April 1863) was a German architect.  After studies in Heidelberg (1813–15) and at Friedrich Weinbrenner's school of architecture in Karlsruhe (1815–17) he traveled extensively in Greece and Italy (1817–24).  In 1831 he was appointed Oberbaurat (inspector of buildings) at Karlsruhe.  He designed many churches and other public buildings, mainly in the Grand Duchy of Baden, and is also known for his writings.

In his book In welchem Style sollen wir bauen? (In which style should we build?, 1828) he distanced himself from Weinbrenner's neoclassical style. Die altchristlichen Kirchen (Karlsruhe, 1862) is a work on basilican architecture, published also in French as Monuments de l'architecture chrétienne.

Hübsch is credited with creating the Rundbogenstil architectural style.

Rundbogenstil
Rundbogenstil (round-arch style) is a 19th-century historic revival style of architecture popular in the German-speaking lands and the German diaspora. It combines elements of Byzantine, Romanesque, and Renaissance architecture with particular stylistic motifs.  It forms a German branch of Romanesque Revival architecture sometimes used in other countries.
Sparnodus
Sparnodus is an extinct genus of prehistoric perciform fish in the family Sparidae. Species of this genus were nektonic carnivores. These fishes lived in the Cenozoic Era, in the Oligocene and Paleocene (55.8 to 23.03 Ma).

Sparidae
Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies, is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes, although they were previously classified in the order Perciformes. The over 150 species are found in shallow and deep marine waters in temperate through tropical regions around the world. Most species are demersal carnivores.
Hawaii Department of Transportation
The Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) is a state government organization which oversees transportation in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The agency is divided into three divisions dealing with aviation, maritime, and roads.

Hawaii Harbor Police
The Hawaii Department of Transportation Harbor Police) was the principal maritime law enforcement agency of the State of Hawaii, headquartered at Honolulu Harbor. In 2024, the agency dissolved and its functions, staff, and equipemnt were merged into the Hawaii Department of Law Enforcement.
Tihaboj
Tihaboj (pronounced [ˈtiːxabɔi̯]; in older sources also Tihoboj) is a nucleated settlement in the local community of Gabrovka, Municipality of Litija, central Slovenia. It lies on a terrace in the Gabrovka Hills (Slovene: Gabrovško gričevje), a part of the Mirna Valley, along the road connecting Litija and Mirna. The landscape has a fluviokarst character. The settlement comprises the hamlets of Mlake, Orešje, and Psina. The residents mainly live from farming and service activities; many of them drive to work to nearby places.

Mirna, Mirna
Mirna (pronounced [ˈmìːɾna, ˈmíːɾna]; German: Neydeck or Neudegg) is a nucleated village and a minor economic centre in central Lower Carniola, Slovenia. It is the largest settlement of the Mirna Valley and the seat of the Municipality of Mirna. It is situated at the crossing of regional roads and a confluence of several creeks with the Mirna River, along the railway line linking Sevnica and Trebnje.
Kempt Tower
Kempt Tower, in La Grande Cueillette, Saint Ouen, Jersey, is also known as Saint Ouen No. 2 and La Grôsse Tou  in Jèrriais, and is a Martello tower that the British completed in 1834. It is named for Sir James Kempt, the Master-General of the Ordnance from 1830 to 1834. While governor of Canada, Kempt was involved in the planning for the use of Martello towers to protect the colony. Currently, Kempt Tower serves as the interpretation centre for Les Mielles conservation area.

James Kempt
General Sir James Kempt, GCB, GCH (c. 25 January 1775 – 20 December 1854) was a British Army officer, who served in the Netherlands, Egypt, Italy, the Peninsula, and British North America during the Napoleonic Wars. He led a British brigade at the Battle of Waterloo and later became Governor General of Canada.
Maljen
Maljen (Serbian: Маљен) (pronounced [mâʎɛn]) is a mountain in western Serbia, just south of the city of Valjevo. It is well known as a summer and winter resort. The highest peak is Kraljev Sto, at 1,104 m (3,622 ft) above sea level, followed by Crni Vrh at 1,096 m (3,596 ft). On Maljen is situated resort Divčibare with 3 hotels, 24 holiday camps, two mountain lodges and two ski trails. During summer the slopes of the mountain are covered with flower meadows with white daffodils.

After the successful 21st century program of brown bears protection on the Tara mountain, some 100 km (62 mi) to the southwest, by the 2020s bears re-appeared on the Maljen, too.

Valjevo
Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, pronounced [ʋâːʎeʋo]) is a city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 56,145 while the city administrative area has 82,169 inhabitants. The city is situated along the river Kolubara.
Photo Finish (novel)
Photo Finish (novel) is a detective novel by Ngaio Marsh; it is the thirty-first, and penultimate, novel to feature Roderick Alleyn, and was first published in 1980.  Set in a millionaire's island mansion on a lake in New Zealand's South Island, it is the last of Ngaio Marsh's four New Zealand set novels - the others being Vintage Murder (1937), Colour Scheme (1943) and Died in the Wool (1945).

Roderick Alleyn
Roderick Alleyn (pronounced "Allen") is a fictional character who first appeared in 1934. He is the policeman hero of the 32 detective novels of Ngaio Marsh. Marsh and her gentleman detective belong firmly in the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, although the last Alleyn novel, Light Thickens, was published in 1982.

Marsh mentions in an introduction that she named her detective Alleyn after the Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn, founder of Dulwich College, where her father had been a pupil. She started a novel with Alleyn in 1931, after reading a detective story by Agatha Christie or Dorothy L. Sayers on a wet Saturday afternoon in London and wondering if she could write something in the genre. So she bought six exercise books and a pencil at a local stationer and started A Man Lay Dead, involving a Murder Game, which was then popular at English weekend parties.
Maval Lok Sabha constituency
Maval Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 48 Lok Sabha (lower house of the Indian Parliament) constituencies in Maharashtra state in western India. This constituency was created on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the presidential notification based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted on 12 July 2002. It first held elections in 2009 and its first Member of Parliament (MP) was Gajanan Babar of Shiv Sena. Since 2014 election, Shiv Sena's Shrirang Barne has served as the MP.

Shrirang Barne
Shrirang Appa Chandu Barne (born 16 February 1964) is an Indian politician belonging to the Shiv Sena. He was a member of the 16th Lok Sabha and re-elected for the 17th and 18th Lok Sabha. He represents the Maval constituency of Maharashtra. In the 2014 Lok Sabha election, he defeated sitting MLA Laxman Pandurang Jagtap who contested from Peasants and Workers Party of India by 157394 votes by obtaining 512223 votes against 354829 and in the 2019 Lok Sabha election, he defeated Parth Ajit Pawar who contested from Nationalist Congress Party by 215913 votes by obtaining 720663 votes against 504750.

He has been awarded with Sansad Ratna Award, Top performers of Indian Parliament in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. In 2020, he was honoured with 'Sansad Maha Ratna Award' for sustained qualitative performance in the 16th Lok Sabha. This award is presented once in five years.
Herrenhausen Gardens
The Herrenhausen Gardens (German: Herrenhäuser Gärten, IPA: [ˈhɛʁn̩hɔʏzɐ ˈɡɛʁtn̩]) of Herrenhausen Palace are located in Herrenhausen, an urban district of Hanover, the capital of Lower Saxony, Germany. Dating to the era of the Kings of Hanover, they comprise Great Garden (Großer Garten), Hill Garden (Berggarten), Georgen Garden (Georgengarten) and Guelf Garden (Welfengarten).

The Great Garden has always been one of the most distinguished Baroque gardens of Europe, while the Hill Garden has been transformed over the years from a simple vegetable garden into a large botanical garden with its own attractions. Both the Georgen Garden and the Guelf Garden are in the style of English gardens and are considered popular recreation areas for the residents of Hanover. The history of the gardens spans several centuries, and they remain a popular attraction to this day.

Herrenhausen-Stöcken
Herrenhausen-Stöcken (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁənˌhaʊzn̩ ˈʃtœkn̩] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Herrnhusen) is a borough of the German city of Hanover, northwest of the city centre. In 2020 it had a population of 37,543. It consists of the quarters Burg, Herrenhausen, Ledeburg, Leinhausen, Marienwerder and Stöcken.

Industries include Johnson Controls (spun off from VARTA) and Herrenhäuser Brewery founded in 1868. Places of worship include the Herrenhäuser Kirche.
AVIC AS700 Airship
The AVIC AS700-class of airships (otherwise known as the Xiangyun-class which translates to auspicious clouds) is a class of non-rigid airships built for commercial and tourism use. It is developed and built by AVIC as its first attempt in the civilian airship market.

Aviation Industry Corporation of China
The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) is a Chinese state-owned, publicly-traded aerospace and defense conglomerate headquartered in Beijing. AVIC is overseen by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. It is ranked 140th in the Fortune Global 500 list as of 2021, and has over 100 subsidiaries, 27 listed companies and 500,000 employees across the globe. AVIC is also the sixth largest defense contractor globally as of 2022 and second largest Chinese defense contractor with total revenue of $79 billion (from both defense and non-defense services).
Division station (CTA Blue Line)
Division, (Division/Milwaukee in station announcements) is an 'L' station on the CTA's Blue Line. The station is located at the Polonia Triangle (the intersection of Milwaukee, Ashland, and Division) and serves the Wicker Park and East Ukrainian Village areas of West Town. From Division, trains take 6 minutes to reach downtown.

Polonia Triangle
Polonia Triangle (Polish: Trójkąt Polonijny), or the Polish Triangle, is a plaza located in West Town, in what had been the historical Polish Downtown area of Chicago.  A single-tiered fountain made of black iron with a bowl about nine feet in diameter is installed at its center. Polonia Triangle derives its name from the Polish word Polonia ("Polish diaspora"), which itself comes from the Latin name for Poland. Polonia Triangle was considered to be the center or town square of Chicago's Polish Downtown, the city's oldest and most prominent Polish settlement. In many ways it functioned as the capital of American Polonia, with the headquarters for almost every major Polish organization in the United States clustered in its vicinity.
Sentential decision diagram
In artificial intelligence, a sentential decision diagram (SDD) is a type of knowledge representation used in knowledge compilation to represent Boolean functions. SDDs can be viewed as a generalization of the influential ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) representation, by allowing decisions on multiple variables at once. Like OBDDs, SDDs allow for tractable Boolean operations, while being exponentially more succinct.  For this reason, they have become an important representation in knowledge compilation.

Knowledge compilation
Knowledge compilation is a family of approaches for addressing the intractability of
a number of artificial intelligence problems.

A propositional model is compiled in an off-line phase in order to support some queries in polynomial time. Many ways of compiling a propositional model exist.

Different compiled representations have different properties.
The three main properties are:

The compactness of the representation

The queries that are supported in polynomial time

The transformations of the representations that can be performed in polynomial time