hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minsk offensive
The Minsk offensive (Russian: Минская наступательная операция) was part of the second phase of the Belorussian strategic offensive of the Red Army in summer 1944, commonly known as Operation Bagration.

The Red Army encircled the German Fourth Army in the city of Minsk. German dictator Adolf Hitler ordered the Fourth Army to hold fast, declaring the city to be a fortified place (fester Platz) to be defended even if encircled.

The Soviet 5th Guards Tank Army attacked from the north-east, while the 2nd Guards Tank Corps moved in from the east, and the 65th Army advanced from the south. About 100,000 Axis soldiers from the Fourth and Ninth Armies were encircled, of whom some 40,000 were killed and most of the rest captured. The result was a complete victory for the Red Army, the liberation of Minsk, and the rapid destruction of much of the German Army Group Centre.

Berezina
The Berezina or Byarezina (Belarusian: Бярэзіна, romanized: Biarezina, IPA: [bʲaˈrɛzʲinɐ]; Russian: Березина) is a river in Belarus and a right tributary of the Dnieper. The river starts in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. The length of the Berezina is 613 kilometres (381 mi). The width of the river is 15–20 m, the maximum is 60 m. The banks are low (up to 0.5 m), steep in some areas (up to 1.5 m high), sandy, and the floodplain is swampy. The Berezina usually freezes over in the first half of December.

Its main tributaries are Bobr, Klyava, Ol'sa and Ala from the left and Hayna and Svislach from the right.  The Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve by the river is on the UNESCO list of biosphere reserves. Peat bogs cover 430 km2 and thus occupy a large part of the reserve. These open peat zones have remained virtually untouched and are among Europe's largest bogs.
Tfail
Tfail (Arabic: طفيل) is a village in eastern Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon. It is one of the highest villages in Lebanon. It has a population of about 3,000 Sunni residents and is the most remote village in Lebanon, lying at the tip of a finger of territory that juts into Syria.

On 1 May 2014, Tfail was the target of Syrian barrel bomb attacks. During the Qalamoun offensive (June–August 2014), the village was surrounded by Hezbollah and Syrian Army forces. Tfail is also considered one of the highest villages in Lebanon with an elevation of 1660 meters.

Qalamoun offensive (2014)
The Qalamoun offensive (2014) was launched by the Syrian Army, in coordination with the Lebanese militia Hezbollah, during the Syrian Civil War against remnant rebel forces following the previous Battle of Qalamoun which resulted in the military securing all of the towns in the region.
Ottorino Gentiloni
Count Vincenzo Ottorino Gentiloni (13 October 1865 – 2 August 1916) was an Italian politician, one of the early leaders of the Italian Catholic Azione Cattolica movement. He was born near Ancona, was active in Catholic politics from the 1890s, and served as president of the Catholic Electoral Union from 1909 to 1916.

When the Pope lifted the ban on Catholic participation in politics in 1913, and the electorate was expanded, he collaborated with Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti in the Gentiloni pact. It directed Catholic voters to Giolitti supporters who agreed to favor the Church's position on such key issues as funding private Catholic schools, and blocking a law allowing divorce. Radicals and Socialist condemned the alliance, and brought down Giolitti's coalition in 1914.

Gentiloni died in 1916, due to epidemic typhus, contracted during the World War I.

Azione Cattolica
The Azione Cattolica Italiana, or Azione Cattolica (English: Catholic Action) for short, is a widespread Roman Catholic lay association in Italy. Members believe that priests have an ethical and religious duty to support the rights of the oppressed and the poor.
Metarhizium
Metarhizium is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae.  With the advent of genetic profiling,  placing these fungi in proper taxa has now become possible. Most turn out to be the asexual forms (anamorphs) of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, including Metacordyceps spp.

Entomopathogenic fungus
Entomopathogenic fungi are parasitic unicellular or multicellular microorganisms belonging to the kingdom of Fungi, that can infect and seriously disable or kill insects.

Pathogenicity for insects is widely distributed in the kingdom of fungi and occur in six fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Oomyceta, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, and Microsporidia). It plays a vital ecological role in controlling insect populations by impacting 19 out of 30 known insect orders. Some fungal entomopathogens are opportunistic whereas some have evolved into highly specific pathogens of insects.
Carl Sandburg
Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor.  He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg was widely regarded as "a major figure in contemporary literature", especially for volumes of his collected verse, including Chicago Poems (1916), Cornhuskers (1918), and Smoke and Steel (1920). He enjoyed "unrivaled appeal as a poet in his day, perhaps because the breadth of his experiences connected him with so many strands of American life". When he died in 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson observed that "Carl Sandburg was more than the voice of America, more than the poet of its strength and genius. He was America."

Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg
The Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg are a pair of passenger trains operated by Amtrak on a 258-mile (415 km) route between Chicago and Quincy, Illinois. As Illinois Service trains, they are partially funded by the Illinois Department of Transportation. Between Chicago and Galesburg, Illinois, the trains share their route with the California Zephyr and Southwest Chief; the remainder of the route (Galesburg–Quincy) is served exclusively by the Illinois Zephyr/Carl Sandburg.

The Illinois Zephyr is the longest continuously operated state-sponsored train, having started in November 1971.: 241  The Carl Sandburg was added as the route's second daily round trip in 2006.

During fiscal year 2025, the Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg carried a combined 146,049 passengers, a 3.1% increase over fiscal year 2024. The two trains had a total revenue of $10.5 million in fiscal year 2021, a 9.5% decrease over fiscal year 2014.
All Saints Church, Gainsborough
The Church of All Saints is an active Church of England parish church in the town of Gainsborough, West Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. It was rebuilt in the 18th century, between 1736 and 1744, with only the 14th-century tower of the former church being kept. The design is attributed to Francis Smith of Warwick. It is a Grade I listed building.

Francis Smith of Warwick
Francis Smith of Warwick (1672–1738) was an English master-builder and architect, much involved in the construction of country houses in the Midland counties of England.  Smith of Warwick may refer also to his brothers, or his son.
2006 Netball Superleague Grand Final
The 2006 Netball Superleague Grand Final featured Team Bath and Galleria Mavericks. Team Bath won the inaugural Netball Superleague title with a 43–35 win over Mavericks. Joanne Binns was prominent in both attack and defence as Team Bath fought back after going behind by three goals early on. 
The introduction Lynsey Armitage saw Mavericks launch a fightback but it was not enough. Rachel Dunn was top scorer for Team Bath with 29 goals.

Rachel Dunn
Rachel Margaret Dunn (born 14 November 1982) is an English former international netball player who was a member of the England teams that won bronze medals at the 2006 and 2010 Commonwealth Games and who has over 250 Netball Super League appearances. She is the current assistant coach of new Super League franchise Birmingham Panthers and head coach of their NXT Gen team.
François Baby House
The François Bâby House is a historic residence located in Windsor, Ontario, Canada which was owned by the prominent local politician François Baby. The house is a two-storey, Georgian style, red brick house once known as La Ferme locally, and was a French-Canadian ribbon farm which was a long narrow tract fronting endwise on the Detroit River. The home itself has historical ties to the War of 1812 where it was used  as a headquarters by both the American and British forces.

Today, the François Baby House has been designated as a National Historic Site of Canada and serves as the current home of Windsor's Community Museum, a historical museum which displays the city's rich and colourful past.

François Baby (politician)
François Baby (December 16, 1768 – August 27, 1852) was a French-Canadian businessman, soldier, and politician in Upper Canada. He was based in Detroit when it was still under the control of Great Britain and before it was ceded to the newly independent United States. After the British evacuated Fort Detroit in 1796, he moved with his family across the Detroit River and established residence in Sandwich (now Windsor, Ontario).
Pungo River Formation
The Pungo River Formation is a geologic formation in North Carolina. It preserves fossils dating back to the Early to Middle Miocene. It is economically significant for the high levels of phosphate mined from the formation.

Aurora mine
The Aurora mine is the largest integrated phosphate mining and chemical plant in the world. The mine is located in Richland Township, in Aurora in Beaufort County, North Carolina. The mine, has been owned by PotashCorp since 1995, has an annual production capacity of over six million tonnes of phosphate ore. In 2008 the mine produced 6.6 million tonnes of phosphate ore from which 1.3 million tonnes of phosphoric acid was produced.
Macedonian Blood Wedding (film)
Macedonian Blood Wedding (Macedonian: Македонска крвава свадба, romanized: Makedonska krvava svadba), also known as Bloodshed at the Wedding,  is a 1967 Yugoslav historical drama directed by Macedonian director Trajče Popov. The screenplay was written by Slavko Janevski and is based on the 1900 play of the same name by playwright Voydan Chernodrinski. The film was released through the production company Vardar Film. It tells the story of a young Macedonian woman Cveta who is kidnapped by a Turkish bey in North Macedonia under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. It follows her resistance to converting to Islam and renouncing her national identity along with the uprising of the locals against the Ottomans.

Slavko Janevski
Slavko Janevski (January 11, 1920 – January 20, 2000) was a Macedonian poet, prose and script writer. He was also active as a comic artist. From 1945 onwards he was the editor of the first teenage magazine called "Pioner" (Pioneer). Janevski is the author of the first novel to be written in Macedonian, Seloto zad sedumte jaseni (A Village Behind the Seven Ash-trees). As a script writer, he adapted the historical drama Macedonian Blood Wedding in 1967. Janevski is considered as a founder of Macedonian poetry.
Zero (Indian band)
Zero is an Indian rock band from Mumbai, launched in July 1998 with a performance at IIT Mumbai's rock festival Mood I. They released their first record, Albummed, in 2000, and followed it two years later with Hook. Their third, and most recent album, Procrastination, came out in 2005. The band's last official performance was on 30 August 2008, at Independence Rock XXIII Mumbai, but they still hold annual reunion performances, usually at the NH7 Weekender festival.

The name "Zero" comes from their drummer, Siddharth Coutto, doodling "I am zero" in his notebook during a boring college lecture.

Mood Indigo (festival)
Mood Indigo, otherwise known as MoodI or MI, is the cultural and signature festival of the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. Mood Indigo was held in over 4,000+ colleges and universities before ending in IIT Bombay.
Bellevue, Oregon
Bellevue is an unincorporated rural community in Yamhill County, Oregon, United States. It is named for the French words for "beautiful view". It is not known who named the community, but it was settled c. 1860, and a previous post office in the area was named "Muddy". The community is located on the donation land claim of Hathaway Yocum, who came to Oregon from Illinois in 1851. Bellevue post office operated from 1869 to 1904.

Yamhill County, Oregon
Yamhill County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,722. The county seat is McMinnville. Yamhill County was named after the Yamhelas, members of the Kalapuya Tribe.

Yamhill County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley.
Bread, Love and Dreams
Bread, Love and Dreams (Italian: Pane, amore e fantasia) is a 1953 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Luigi Comencini. At the 4th Berlin International Film Festival it won the Silver Bear award. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978".

Luigi Comencini
Luigi Comencini (Italian: [luˈiːdʒi komenˈtʃiːni]; 8 June 1916 – 6 April 2007) was an Italian film director. Together with Dino Risi, Ettore Scola, and Mario Monicelli, he was considered among the masters of the "commedia all'italiana" genre.

His daughters Cristina and Francesca are both film directors.
An Impudent Girl
An Impudent Girl (French: L'Effrontée) is a 1985 French film directed by Claude Miller. It stars Charlotte Gainsbourg, who won the César Award for Most Promising Actress, and Bernadette Lafont, who won the César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. It is a loose adaptation of the novel Frankie Addams (French title of Carson McCullers's  The Member of the Wedding).

The film won the Louis Delluc Prize, and received César nominations for Best Film, Best Director, Most Promising Actor, Best Original Screenplay or Adaptation, Best Costume Design and Best Sound. The song Sarà perché ti amo by Ricchi e Poveri is featured in the movie, playing in the end credits. An english version named Rock it Rock it Tonight was also released, most likely to promote the movie.

César Award for Best Supporting Actress
The César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (French: César de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle) is one of the César Awards, presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a supporting role of an actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie.
Tarzan and the Valley of Gold
Tarzan and the Valley of Gold is a 1966 Eastmancolor adventure film starring Mike Henry in his debut as Tarzan. The Panavision film (the twenty-sixth film of the Tarzan film series that began with 1932's Tarzan the Ape Man), produced by Sy Weintraub, written by Clair Huffaker, and directed by Robert Day, is remembered for its very James Bond-like portrayal of a tropical-suited, globetrotting Tarzan. Released on July 1, 1966, it was followed by Tarzan and the Great River in 1967.

The novelization by Fritz Leiber was the first authorised Tarzan novel by an author other than Edgar Rice Burroughs, and was officially the 25th book in the series.

Sy Weintraub
Sy Weintraub (May 28, 1923 – April 4, 2000) was an American film and television producer best known for his series of Tarzan films and television episodes between 1959 and 1968.  Weintraub broke with the Johnny Weissmuller formula of portraying Tarzan as a pidgin-speaking noble savage who lives in a treehouse with Jane and Boy. Instead, his Tarzan was an educated depressed loner, much closer to Edgar Rice Burroughs's original conception of the character and Boy is replaced by a young orphan named Jai. Weintraub also produced two Sherlock Holmes films for television and was an owner of Panavision.
Philo of Byblos
Philo of Byblos (Ancient Greek: Φίλων Βύβλιος, Phílōn Býblios; Latin: Philo Byblius; c. 64 – 141), also known as Herennius Philon, was an antiquarian writer of grammatical, lexical and historical works in Greek. He is chiefly known for his Phoenician history assembled from the writings of Sanchuniathon.

Byblos
Byblos (/ˈbɪblɒs/ BIB-loss; Ancient Greek: Βύβλος), also known as Jbail, Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Arabic: جُبَيْل, romanized: Jubayl, locally Jbeil [ʒ(ə)beːl]), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. The area is believed to have been first settled between 8800 and 7000 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC. During its history, Byblos was part of numerous cultures including Egyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Genoese, Mamluk and Ottoman. Urbanisation is thought to have begun during the third millennium BC when it developed into a city, making it one of the oldest cities in the world,  if not the oldest. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It was in Ancient Byblos that the Phoenician alphabet, the ancestor of the Greek, Latin and all other Western alphabets, was developed.
Lafoensia
Lafoensia is a genus of plant in family Lythraceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete):
Lafoensia glyptocarpa
Lafoensia pacari  St.-Hil.
Lafoensia punicifolia  DC.
Lafoensia replicata  Pohl
Lafoensia speciosa  DC.

Lythraceae
Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 28 genera and about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees.  The larger genera include Cuphea (275 spp.), Lagerstroemia (56), Nesaea (50), Rotala (45), and Lythrum (35). It also includes the members of the former families of the pomegranate (Punica granatum, formerly in Punicaceae) and of the water caltrop (Trapa natans, formerly in Trapaceae). Lythraceae has a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics, but ranging into temperate climate regions as well.

The family is named after the type genus, Lythrum, the loosestrifes (e.g. Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife) and also includes henna (Lawsonia inermis). It now includes the pomegranate, formerly classed in a separate family Punicaceae.  The family also includes the widely cultivated crape myrtle trees. Botanically, the leaves are usually in pairs (opposite), and the flower petals emerge from the rim of the calyx tube. The petals often appear crumpled.
Dimche Sarvanov
Dimche Sarvanov, also Dimko Mogilcheto or Dimche Mogilche (Bulgarian/Macedonian: Димче Сарванов; 1879 –January 4, 1908), was a Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary and a member of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization.

Sarvanov was born in Mogila (now in the North Macedonia) in 1879. He joined Georgi Sugarev's group within IMRO, and fought against Ottoman rule in the Bitola and Mariovo districts. During the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, Sarvanov fought in the Pelister and Prespa districts. After the death of Sugarev, Sarvanov continued fighting "Greek propaganda".

On January 4, 1908, Sarvanov fell into an Ottoman ambush in the village of Nošpal, which is close to Bitola in present-day North Macedonia, and rather than allowing himself to fall into Ottoman hands, committed suicide.

He was buried in the cemetery in the yard of the then Bulgarian Exarchate Church "Sveta Nedelya" in Bitola.

Church of Saint Nedela
The Church of Saint Nedela (Macedonian: Црква „Св. Недела“, romanized: Crkva „Sv. Nedela“) is a Macedonian Orthodox church in Bitola, North Macedonia. It was completed in October 1863. The icons of the Apostles in the church were done by the artist Solomon Nikolov.

The church is the setting of the film Fair in front of the Church of St. Nedela in Bitola, filmed by the pioneering Manaki brothers from 1905 to 1912.
Never Alone: Prison, Politics, and My People
Never Alone: Prison, Politics, and My People is a book by the Soviet-Israeli activist and politician Natan Sharansky and Gil Troy about Sharansky's political activity and how his personal experience influenced it. In particular it relates how during his long time as a political prisoner in prison in the Soviet Union, often in solitary confinement, he was able to prepare himself for prominence in public after his release.

Natan Sharansky
Natan Sharansky (Hebrew: נתן שרנסקי; born 20 January 1948) is a Ukrainian-born, Israeli politician, professional chess player and author. He served as Chairman of the Executive for the Jewish Agency from June 2009 to August 2018, and currently serves as Chairman for the Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy (ISGAP), an American non-partisan organization. A former Soviet dissident, he spent nine years imprisoned as a refusenik during the 1970s and 1980s.
Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies (BMGS) is a peer reviewed British journal which contains articles that pertain to both Byzantine Studies and Modern Greek studies, i.e. the language, literature, history and archaeology of the post-classical Greek world, from Late Antiquity to the present day, and also reviews of recent books of importance to Byzantine and Modern Greek studies. It is published annually, from 1975 to the current day, by the Centre of Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Birmingham.

Byzantine studies
Byzantine studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, demography, dress, religion/theology, art, literature/epigraphy, music, science, economy, coinage and politics of the Eastern Roman Empire. The German Humanist, Hieronymus Wolf is often credited with applying the name "Byzantine" to describe the Eastern Roman Empire first, which continued after the Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 AD. About 100 years after the final conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans, Wolf began to collect, edit, and translate the writings of Byzantine philosophers. Other 16th-century humanists introduced Byzantine studies to Holland and Italy. The subject may also be called Byzantinology or Byzantology, although these terms are usually found in English translations of original non-English sources. A scholar of Byzantine studies is called a Byzantinist.
1929 UCI Road World Championships
The 1929 UCI Road World Championships, organized on Friday 16 August 1929, was the ninth edition of the UCI Road World Championships.

It was the second time the championships took place in Zürich, Switzerland after the 1923 edition.

The course, with Zürich as both start and finish place, was around 200km. All 16 professional cyclists finished, with Georges Ronsse -succeeding himself as world champion- reaching an average speed of 29.405 km/h.

In the same period, the 1929 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was organized in the Oerlikon Velodrome in Zürich.

Georges Ronsse
Georges Ronsse (4 March 1906 – 4 July 1969) was a two-time national cyclo-cross and two-time world champion road bicycle racer from Belgium, who raced between 1926 and 1938.

In addition to his several national and world championships, Ronsse won several of the classic races in road cycling including the 1925 Liège–Bastogne–Liège, the 1927 Paris–Roubaix, and the 1927, 1929 and 1930 editions of the now-defunct Bordeaux–Paris. He won his first world championship title in 1928 in Budapest with a lead of 19 minutes and 43 seconds over second-placed finisher Herbert Nebe, the largest winning margin in road world championship history.

In 1932, Ronsse capped off his career with a Stage 4 win at the 1932 Tour de France. After retiring from competition he served as manager of the Belgian national team at the Tour.