hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fortress of Bashtovë
The Fortress of Bashtovë (Albanian: Kalaja e Bashtovës), also known in medieval times as  Breg, Briego or Vrego  is a medieval quadrangular fortress located close to the outflow of the Shkumbin River into the Adriatic Sea in central Albania. It is part of the tentative list of Albania in order to qualify for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.

The fortress is built on a fertile flat ground east of the mouth of the Shkumbin River. The ruins are located some 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the village of Vilë-Ballaj in Tirana County. By air, it is 36 kilometres (22 miles) north of Fier, 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of Lushnjë, 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) south of Kavajë and 40 kilometres (25 miles) southwest of Tirana.

Vilë-Ballaj
Vilë-Ballaj is a village situated in the central plains of Albania's Western Lowlands region. It is part of Tirana County. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Rrogozhinë. The Fortress of Bashtovë is close to the village.
E Ola Ke Aliʻi Ke Akua
"E Ola Ke Aliʻi Ke Akua" ('God Save the King') was one of the four national anthems of the Hawaiian Kingdom. It was composed in 1860 by then 25-year-old Prince William Charles Lunalilo, who later became King Lunalilo. Prior to 1860, Hawai‘i lacked its own national anthem and had used the British royal anthem "God Save the King". A contest was sponsored in 1860 by Kamehameha IV, who wanted a song with Hawaiian lyrics set to the tune of the British anthem. The winning entry was written by Lunalilo and was reputed to have been written in 20 minutes. Lunalilo was awarded 10 dollars which he later donated to the Queen's Hospital. His composition became Hawaiʻi's first national anthem. It remained Hawaiʻi's national anthem for 6 years until 1866, when it was replaced by Queen Liliʻuokalani's composition "He Mele Lāhui Hawaiʻi".

Lunalilo
Lunalilo (William Charles Lunalilo; January 31, 1835 – February 3, 1874) was the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from his election on January 8, 1873, until his death a year later.

Born to Kekāuluohi and High Chief Charles Kanaʻina, he was of royal descent and a grandnephew of King Kamehameha I. He was educated at the Royal School by American missionaries and was proclaimed eligible for the throne by King Kamehameha III. After the death of King Kamehameha V, he was elected to the throne in 1873 by a unanimous decision of the legislature of the kingdom. Due to his popularity and status as Hawaii's first elected monarch, he became known as "The People's King". He died a year later from tuberculosis.
Flurb
Flurb was an American science fiction webzine, edited by  author Rudy Rucker and launched in August 2006.  In addition to short stories, Flurb featured paintings and photography by Rucker.  It was released biannually.  The author of an accepted story retained full copyright, including the right to have the story published elsewhere, and to request that it be taken down at any time.

Flurb releases tended to garner significant online attention, with issues having been mentioned in several blogs including Boing Boing and io9.

Contributors to Flurb included Terry Bisson, Eileen Gunn, John Kessel, Kim Stanley Robinson, Paul Di Filippo, John Shirley, Charles Stross and Cory Doctorow, as well as Rucker himself.

Flurb closed in 2012.

Eileen Gunn
Eileen Gunn (born June 23, 1945, Dorchester, Massachusetts) is an American science fiction author and editor based in Seattle, Washington, who began publishing in 1978. Her story "Coming to Terms", inspired, in part, by a friendship with Avram Davidson, won the Nebula Award for Best Short Story in 2004. Two other stories were nominated for the Hugo Award: "Stable Strategies for Middle Management" (in 1989) and "Computer Friendly" (1990).
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, commonly known as pine wood nematode or pine wilt nematode (PWN), is a species of nematode that infects trees in the Pinus genus of coniferous trees and causes the disease pine wilt. While native to North America, it spread in the early 20th century to Japan and in the latter half of the century to other areas of Asia, including China, Taiwan, and Korea, as well as to Europe, including Portugal and Spain.

Wilt disease
A wilt disease is any number of diseases that affect the vascular system of plants.  Attacks by fungi, bacteria, and nematodes can cause rapid killing of plants, large tree branches or even entire trees.

Wilt diseases in woody plants tend to fall into two major categories, those that start with the branches and those that start with the roots.
Those that start with the branches most often start with pathogens that feed on the leaves or bark, those that start with the roots start with wounding or direct entry by the pathogen into the roots, some are spread from one plant to another by way of root grafts.

Pathogens that cause wilting diseases invade the vascular vessels and cause the xylem to fail to transport water to the foliage, thus causing wilting of stems and leaves.
Battle of Cross Keys
The Battle of Cross Keys was fought on June 8, 1862, in Rockingham County, Virginia, as part of Confederate Army Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's campaign through the Shenandoah Valley during the American Civil War. Together, the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic the following day were the decisive victories in Jackson's Valley Campaign, forcing the Union armies to retreat and leaving Jackson free to reinforce Gen. Robert E. Lee for the Seven Days Battles outside Richmond, Virginia.

Talbot County, Maryland
Talbot County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,526. Its county seat is Easton. The county was named for Lady Grace Talbot, the wife of Sir Robert Talbot, an Anglo-Irish statesman, and the sister of Lord Baltimore. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

Talbot County comprises the Easton, MD Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC–MD–VA–WV–PA Combined Statistical Area.

Talbot County is bordered by Queen Anne's County to the north, Caroline County to the east, Dorchester County to the south, and the Chesapeake Bay to the west.
Supersaturation
In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid, but it can also be applied to liquids and gases dissolved in a liquid. A supersaturated solution is in a metastable state; it may return to equilibrium by separation of the excess of solute from the solution, by dilution of the solution by adding solvent, or by increasing the solubility of the solute in the solvent.

Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can refer to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants, such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration. Dilution is reduction of concentration, e.g., by adding solvent to a solution. The verb "to concentrate" means to increase concentration, the opposite of dilute.
Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology
Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (abbreviated as PAF IAST) is a public science and technology university located in Mang, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The institute focuses on artificial intelligence, railway engineering, nanotechnology, mineral resources and agricultural technologies. It is the first foreign engineering university in Pakistan and is located about 40 miles from the capital of the country, Islamabad.

Haripur, Pakistan
Haripur (Hindko, Urdu: ہری پور) is a city in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is the 14th largest city by population in the province, and serves as the headquarter of its namesake tehsil and district. Located some 65 km (40 mi) north of Islamabad Capital Territory and 35 km (22 mi) south of Abbottabad, Haripur is in a hilly plain area at an altitude of 520 m (1,706 ft).
Port River Expressway
Port River Expressway is a 5.7-kilometre (3.5 mi) freeway-grade road. The expressway links Port Adelaide and the Lefevre Peninsula across the north-western suburbs of Adelaide to major interstate routes via North-South Motorway.

The expressway is grade-separated at the North-South Motorway, Hanson Road and Eastern Parade interchanges. The next two intersections are at grade with traffic signals installed. This has led to the route being labelled as the A9, instead of the more common M label associated with freeways and expressways in South Australia.

Tom 'Diver' Derrick Bridge
The Tom 'Diver' Derrick Bridge, commonly referred to as the  'Diver' Derrick Bridge, is an opening single-leaf bascule road bridge over the Port River, Port Adelaide, in South Australia. It opened on 1 August 2008. It is located between Docks 1 and 2 at Port Adelaide and links to Francis Street to the east and Victoria Road to the west.

The bridge was the subject of a successful community campaign, spearheaded by the local Semaphore & Port Adelaide RSL Sub-Branch and the Portside Messenger newspaper, to name it after Port Adelaide World War II hero, Tom 'Diver' Derrick instead of the State Government's unpopular choice of the Power Bridge.
Lester Shubin
Lester D. Shubin (September 27, 1925 – November 20, 2009) was an American research chemist who developed Kevlar for the use in ballistic vests. Kevlar's use in ballistic vests was later expanded for use in all types of personal armor.

Kevlar
Kevlar (para-aramid) is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires. It is typically spun into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such, or as an ingredient in composite material components.

Kevlar has many applications, ranging from bicycle tires and racing sails to bulletproof vests, due to its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio; by this measure it is five times stronger than steel. It is also used to make modern marching drumheads that withstand high impact, and for mooring lines and other underwater applications.

A similar fiber, Twaron, with the same chemical structure was developed by Akzo in the 1970s. Commercial production started in 1986, and Twaron is manufactured by Teijin Aramid.
Strzemeszna Pierwsza
Strzemeszna Pierwsza [stʂɛˈmɛʂna ˈpjɛrfʂa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czerniewice, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Czerniewice, 22 km (14 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 54 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Czerniewice
Gmina Czerniewice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Czerniewice, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 127.73 square kilometres (49.3 sq mi), and as of 2006, its total population was 5,113.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Spała Landscape Park.
Cincinnati Cyclones
The Cincinnati Cyclones are a professional minor league ice hockey team based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The team is a member of the ECHL. Originally established in 1990, the team first played their games in the Cincinnati Gardens and now play at Heritage Bank Center.

Cincinnati has fielded Cyclones teams with three separate franchises in two different leagues: the International Hockey League (1992–2001) and the ECHL (1990–1992, 2001–2004, 2006–present). Together, the franchises have combined to win two Kelly Cups (2008 and 2010), three conference championships (2008, 2010 and 2014), two overall points championships (2008 and 2019), and six division championships (1996, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2019 and 2023). In 2007–08, the team had the most successful season in ECHL history with 55 wins, 115 points, and its first conference and league championships.

Brabham Cup
The Henry Brabham Cup is the trophy awarded annually by the ECHL to the team that finishes with the most points in the league during the regular season. The Brabham Cup has been awarded 34 times to 16 different franchises since its debut in 1989.
Pirongia Forest Park
Pirongia Forest Park is a protected area 30 kilometres (19 miles) southwest of Hamilton, New Zealand.  It covers 167.7 square kilometres (64.7 sq mi) across four blocks of land - Pirongia (the largest), Te Maunga O Karioi Block, and the small Mangakino Block and Te Rauamoa Block.  The park encompasses Mount Pirongia west of Pirongia and Mount Karioi near the coast southwest of Raglan. Wairēinga / Bridal Veil Falls Scenic Reserve is located nearby, but is separate to Pirongia Forest Park.

Karioi
Karioi or Mount Karioi is a 2.4 million year old extinct stratovolcano 8 km (5.0 mi) SW of Raglan in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It was the earliest of the line of 6 calcalkalic volcanoes, the largest of which is Mount Pirongia (the others are at Kakepuku, Te Kawa, Tokanui, Waikeria and probably Puketotara). Karioi forms a background to many parts of Raglan.

Karioi was also a Highway Board area around the maunga from 1870 to 1889, when it was absorbed (with Whaingaroa Board area and formed into Karioi Riding) into Raglan County Council. In 1876, it had a population of 112 in 27 houses and in 1889 119 ratepayers, 80 of them absentees.

19th century maps, documents and reports sometimes used the spelling Karehoe.

Karioi is also a location on the Central Plateau (see article on Karioi railway station).
1988 United States Senate election in Washington
The 1988 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 8, 1988. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Daniel J. Evans decided to retire instead of running for re-election to a full term, after being appointed to the seat in 1983, and won election to a partial term that same year. Republican former U.S. Senator Slade Gorton, who had just lost a re-election bid in 1986, won the open seat. As of 2024, this is the last time Washington simultaneously voted for different parties for president and for senate, as Democrat Michael Dukakis won the state in the concurrent presidential election.

Mike Lowry, the Democratic nominee, would run successfully for Governor of Washington in 1992.

1992 Washington gubernatorial election
The 1992 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1992. Incumbent Democratic Governor Booth Gardner chose not to run for a third term. This resulted in an open race for Governor of Washington in which Democrat Mike Lowry narrowly defeated Republican Ken Eikenberry. This is the last time that a gubernatorial nominee and a lieutenant gubernatorial nominee of different political parties were elected governor and lieutenant governor of Washington.
1958 Minnesota gubernatorial election
The 1958 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958. Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party candidate Orville Freeman defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger George MacKinnon.

Orville Freeman
Orville Lothrop Freeman (May 9, 1918 – February 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as the 29th governor of Minnesota from 1955 to 1961, and as the U.S. secretary of agriculture from 1961 to 1969 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He was one of the founding members of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party and influential in the merger of the Minnesota Democratic and Farmer-Labor parties. Freeman nominated Kennedy for president at the 1960 Democratic National Convention.
Stuart Stone
Stuart Stone (born Stuart Eisenstein) is a Canadian actor as well as a producer of television, film and music. He is best known for his roles as Ronald Fisher in Donnie Darko, Ralphie Tennelli in The Magic School Bus animated television series from 1994 to 1997, and Carl Crashman and C2 in Carl² from 2005 to 2011. Stone has also toured as a comedian and rapper.

The Magic School Bus (TV series)
The Magic School Bus is an animated educational children's television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. Originally broadcast from 1994 to 1997, the series received critical acclaim for its use of celebrity voice talent, as well as combining entertainment with an educational series. The series stars Lily Tomlin as the voice of Ms. Frizzle. The theme song is performed by Little Richard.
2014 Illinois elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Illinois on November 4, 2014. All of Illinois' executive officers were up for election as well as a United States Senate seat, and all of Illinois' eighteen seats in the United States House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on March 18, 2014.

Jesse White (politician)
Jesse Clark White (born June 23, 1934) is an American educator, politician and former athlete from the State of Illinois. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 37th Secretary of State of Illinois from 1999 to 2023. He was the longest-serving person to hold this office.  A popular office holder, White declined to seek reelection in 2022 for a seventh term.  Previously, he served as the Cook County Recorder of Deeds from 1993 to 1999 and in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1975 to 1993.

Raised in Chicago, White attended Alabama State University on a sports scholarship.  He was a minor league baseball player in the 1950s and 1960s. During that time, he also formed a youth sports and community organization, the Jesse White Tumbling Team, which has continued throughout his several careers. White went on to become a teacher and administrator in the Chicago Public Schools.
Kazakhstan women's national rugby union team
The Kazakhstan women's national rugby union team, nicknamed the Nomads, represents Kazakhstan in women's rugby union and is governed by the Kazakhstan Rugby Union. They have competed in six Rugby World Cups, having made their first appearance in 1994 in Scotland. They compete annually in the Asia Rugby Women's Championship and have won five tournaments.

Asia Rugby Women's Championship
The Asia Rugby Championship for women's national fifteen-a-side teams is a rugby union tournament that has been contested since 2006. Organised by Asia Rugby, there are currently two competition divisions — the Championship, and Division 1. The championship is also the continental qualifying tournament for Asian women's teams in the lead up to the Rugby World Cup, and the WXV.
Dr. Knisley Covered Bridge
The Dr. Knisley Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located at West St. Clair Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, USA. It is an 80-foot-long (24 m), medium Burr Truss bridge with a shallow gable roof. It crosses Dunning Creek. It is one of 15 historic covered bridges in Bedford County.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Dunning Creek
Dunning Creek is a 27.8-mile-long (44.7 km) tributary of the Raystown Branch Juniata River in south west/south central Pennsylvania in the United States.

Dunning Creek joins the Raystown Branch just downstream of Bedford.
Annesley Somerville
Annesley Ashworth Somerville (16 November 1858 – 15 May 1942) was a schoolteacher turned politician.  He taught for forty years before turning to politics, then for twenty years served as a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Somerville was born at Ballincollig in County Cork in Ireland and studied mathematics at Queen's College, Cork (BA 1875), and at Trinity College, Cambridge (BA 1880), where he was also a Mathematical Scholar. He then became a schoolmaster, first at Wellington College and then at Eton College.

He was elected as member of parliament (MP) for Windsor at the 1922 general election, and served until he died in office in 1942.

Windsor (UK Parliament constituency)
Windsor (/ˈwɪnzə/) is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Jack Rankin of the Conservative Party. It is in both Berkshire and Surrey.

Windsor has had parliamentary representation for centuries, first sending a member of parliament in 1301. In 1918, the Windsor parliamentary borough was abolished and absorbed into the new Windsor county seat. The constituency was re-created for the 1997 general election after it was abolished following the 1970 general election and replaced by the Windsor and Maidenhead constituency.

Its settlements include Ascot, Datchet, Eton, Sunningdale, Windsor (its namesake), Wraysbury, Virginia Water, as well as Englefield Green.
Ca' Farsetti
Ca' Farsetti  is a palace in Venice, Italy. It is located in the sestiere (district) of San Marco, and faces the Grand Canal, not far from the Ponte di Rialto. The neighboring building is Palazzo Cavalli.

Grand Canal (Venice)
The Grand Canal (Italian: Canal Grande [kaˌnal ˈɡrande], locally and informally Canalazzo; Venetian: Canal Grando, locally usually Canałaso [kanaˈɰaso]) is the largest channel in Venice, Italy, forming one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city.

One end of the canal leads into the lagoon near the Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into the basin at San Marco; in between, it makes a large reverse-S shape through the central districts (sestieri) of Venice. It is 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) long, and 30 to 90 metres (98 to 295 ft) wide, with an average depth of 5 metres (16 feet).
Pawnee (film)
Pawnee is a 1957 American Western film directed by George Waggner and written by George Waggner, Louis Vittes and Endre Bohem. The  Trucolor film stars George Montgomery, Bill Williams, Lola Albright, Francis McDonald, Robert Griffin and Dabbs Greer. The film, using footage from Buffalo Bill (1944) was released on September 7, 1957, by Republic Pictures.

George Waggner
George Waggner (September 7, 1894 – December 11, 1984) was an American actor, director, producer and writer. He is best known for producing and directing the 1941 film The Wolf Man. For some unknown reason, Waggner sometimes configured his name in mostly lowercase letters but with his surname's two Gs capitalized ("waGGner"), including in the credits of some of the productions he directed.
Badman (EP)
Badman is the third extended play by South Korean boy group B.A.P. It was released on August 6, 2013, under the record label of TS Entertainment and distributing label of LOEN Entertainment.  It charted number 1 on the Billboard World album Charts.

B.A.P (South Korean band)
B.A.P (Korean: 비에이피; an acronym for Best Absolute Perfect), was a South Korean boy band that was created by TS Entertainment. The group, originally consisting of Yongguk, Himchan, Daehyun, Youngjae, Jong-up, and Zelo, debuted with the song "Warrior" in 2012.

B.A.P quietly disbanded on February 18, 2019, following the group's contract expiration with TS Entertainment. In 2024, the group officially reunited under the name Bang & Jung & Yoo & Moon (Korean: 방용국&정대현&유영재&문종업) to release their next album, Curtain Call in August. Members Zelo and Himchan did not take part in the comeback as a result of Zelo's military service and Himchan's sexual assault convictions.