hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steyr IWS 2000
The Steyr IWS 2000 is an Austrian single-shot bolt-action anti-materiel rifle produced by Steyr Mannlicher. IWS stands for Infantry Weapon System. Unlike other anti-tank rifle designs, it has a smoothbore barrel. This facilitates higher projectile velocities and allows a longer barrel service life, but the lack of gyroscopic spin-stabilization requires the projectile to have aerodynamic stabilizing fins instead. The IWS is chambered in a 15.2×169 mm armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot cartridge, and is the first man-portable rifle to use this type of ammunition.

The first variant of the weapon was the proposed AMR 5075 (AMR standing for anti-materiel rifle). It was to fire the same type of ammunition as the IWS 2000 and to use a 5-round detachable box magazine. However, that version did not pass the proposal stage.

Smoothbore
A smoothbore weapon is one that has a barrel without rifling.  Smoothbores range from handheld firearms to powerful tank guns and large artillery mortars. Some examples of smoothbore weapons are muskets, blunderbusses, and flintlock pistols. The opposite of smoothbore is rifling.
Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer
The Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer is an Empire Award presented annually by the British film magazine Empire to honor an actor who has delivered a breakthrough performance while working within the film industry. The Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer is one of two ongoing awards which were first introduced at the 17th Empire Awards ceremony in 2012 (along with Best Female Newcomer) with Tom Hiddleston receiving the award for his role in Thor. Josh O'Connor is the most recent winner in this category for his role in God's Own Country. Winners are voted by the readers of Empire magazine.

Josh O'Connor
Joshua Mathias O'Connor (born 20 May 1990) is an English actor. From 2016 to 2019 he had a major role portraying Larry Durrell in ITV's The Durrells. He had his breakthrough playing the lead role of a closeted sheep farmer in Francis Lee's romantic drama God's Own Country (2017), for which he won the BIFA Award for Best Actor.

O'Connor gained wider recognition for his portrayal of Charles, Prince of Wales, in the Netflix drama series The Crown (2019–2020), winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for the role. He has since starred in the period drama Emma (2020), the crime drama La chimera (2023), the romantic sports film Challengers (2024), heist drama The Mastermind (2025), and murder mystery Wake Up Dead Man (2025).
Incongruent transition
Incongruent transition, in chemistry, is a mass transition between two phases which involves a change in chemical composition.  This is contrasted with congruent transition, for which the composition remains the same.

The transition may be that of melting, vaporization or allotropism. The concept is also often extended to related phenomena, for example, incongruent dissolution of a solid by a liquid solvent, which is often encountered in geology.

The term "phase decomposition" is sometimes used to describe incongruent transition. However, it has to be kept in mind that incongruent transition is described by an equilibrium.

For an example, see incongruent melting.

Incongruent melting
Incongruent melting occurs when a solid substance being partially melted does not melt uniformly, so that the chemical composition of neither the resulting liquid nor the resulting solid is the same as that of the original solid. For example, melting of orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) produces leucite (KAlSi2O6) in addition to a melt. The melt produced is richer in silica (SiO2). The proportions of leucite and melt formed can be recombined to yield the bulk composition of the starting feldspar. Another mineral that can melt incongruently is enstatite (Mg2Si2O6), which produces forsterite (Mg2SiO4) in addition to a melt richer in SiO2  when melting at low pressure. Enstatite melts congruently at higher pressures between 2.5 and 5.5 kilobars.
The Book of Proper Names
The Book of Proper Names (French: Robert des noms propres) is a Belgian novel by Amélie Nothomb. It was first published in 2002.  It is a romanticized account of the life of the singer RoBERT, whom Nothomb became acquainted with as an avid admirer of her songs.

Amélie Nothomb
Baroness Fabienne Claire Nothomb (French pronunciation: [fabjɛn klɛːʁ nɔtɔ̃b]; born 13 August 1967), better known by her pen name Amélie Nothomb (French: [ameli nɔtɔ̃b]), is a Belgian Francophone novelist. Part of her childhood was spent in Asia.

A prolific author, since the publication of her first novel Hygiene and the Assassin in 1992, at the age of twenty-six, she has published a book a year. Her novels are among the top literary sales and have been translated into several languages. She is a Commander of the Order of the Crown and has had the title of Baroness bestowed upon her by King Philippe of Belgium. Her satirical novel about corporate life in Japan Fear and Trembling won the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française in 1999, and in 2015 she was elected to the Royal Academy of French Language and Literature in Belgium.
Nicholas Yusupov
Prince Nicholas Felixovich Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston (Russian: Князь Николай Фе́ликсович Юсу́пов, Граф Сумаро́ков-Эльстон; 28 February 1883 – 5 July 1908) was a Russian aristocrat from the House of Yusupov. He was the elder brother of Felix Yusupov, who was later known as the murderer of Grigori Rasputin.

House of Yusupov
The House of Yusupov (Russian: Юсу́повы, romanized: Yusupovy) was a Russian princely family descended from the monarchs of the Nogai Horde, renowned for their immense wealth, philanthropy and art collections in the 18th and 19th centuries. Most notably, Prince Felix Yusupov was famous for his involvement in the murder of Grigori Rasputin.
John Ogilby
John Ogilby, Ogelby, or Oglivie (17 November 1600 – 4 September 1676) was a Scottish translator, impresario, publisher and cartographer. He was probably at least a half-brother to James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Airlie, though neither overtly acknowledged this. Ogilby's most-noted works include translations of the works of Virgil and Homer, and his version of the Fables of Aesop.

Ogilby established Ireland's first theatre in Werburgh Street, Dublin, and following the Restoration, that country's first Theatre Royal. Ogilby played a significant part in arrangements for the coronation of King Charles II. Following the Great Fire of 1666, Ogilby's large-scale map of the City of London was founded on precise survey work, and his Britannia is the first road atlas of England and Wales to be based on surveys and measurements, and drawn to scale.

Road map
A road map, route map, or street map is a map that primarily displays roads and transport links rather than natural geographical information.  It is a type of navigational map that commonly includes political boundaries and labels, making it also a type of political map.  In addition to roads and boundaries, road maps often include points of interest, such as prominent businesses or buildings, tourism sites, parks and recreational facilities, hotels and restaurants, as well as airports and train stations.  A road map may also document non-automotive transit routes, although often these are found only on transit maps.
Wayne Connolly
Wayne Paul Connolly is an Australian music producer, audio engineer and musician. From 1991 to 1997 Connolly played lead guitar and sang in guitar group The Welcome Mat and released two studio albums. Since 1994, he has played in Knievel with Tracy Ellis and Nick Kennedy. Knievel have released four studio albums and a compilation of B-sides and rarities.

Sounds Like Sunset
Sounds Like Sunset are a band based in Sydney. The group formed in 1997 and as of 2019 have released 3 albums, Saturdays in 2001, Invisible in 2005 and We Could Leave Tonight in 2014 as well as various other releases on cassettes, 7-inch and compilations. We Could Leave Tonight was released on vinyl 22 July 2014 through Tym Records, and on CD and digitally on 22 August 2014 through Simon Tahiti Records.
Quakertown, Pennsylvania
Quakertown is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of 2020, it had a population of 9,359. The borough is 13 miles (21 km) south of Allentown and Bethlehem and 35 miles (56 km) north of Philadelphia, making Quakertown a border town of both the Delaware Valley and Lehigh Valley metropolitan areas.

Quakertown is considered part of the U.S. Census Bureau's Philadelphia−Camden−Wilmington (PA−NJ−DE-MD) MSA and the Delaware Valley. Richland Township surrounds Quakertown.

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English county of Buckinghamshire. The county is part of the Southeast region of the commonwealth.

The county represents the northern boundary of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area.

To its southwest, Bucks County borders Montgomery County and Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city. To its east, the county borders the Delaware River and U.S. state of New Jersey. To its north, the county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region. The county is approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.
Lehmer's conjecture
Lehmer's conjecture, also known as the Lehmer's Mahler measure problem, is a problem in number theory raised by Derrick Henry Lehmer.  The conjecture asserts that there is an absolute constant  such that every polynomial with integer coefficients  satisfies one of the following properties:

The Mahler measure  of  is greater than or equal to .

is an integral multiple of a product of cyclotomic polynomials or the monomial , in which case . (Equivalently, every complex root of  is a root of unity or zero.)

There are a number of definitions of the Mahler measure, one of which is to factor  over  as

and then set

The smallest known Mahler measure (greater than 1) is for "Lehmer's polynomial"

for which the Mahler measure is the Salem number

It is widely believed that this example represents the true minimal value: that is,  in Lehmer's conjecture.

D. H. Lehmer
Derrick Henry "Dick" Lehmer (February 23, 1905 – May 22, 1991), almost always cited as D.H. Lehmer, was an American mathematician significant to the development of computational number theory. Lehmer refined Édouard Lucas' work in the 1930s and devised the Lucas–Lehmer test for Mersenne primes. His peripatetic career as a number theorist, with him and his wife taking numerous types of work in the United States and abroad to support themselves during the Great Depression, fortuitously brought him into the center of research into early electronic computing.
Virgile Dureuil
Virgile Dureuil (born 28 May 1987) is a French comics creator. He is known for having adapted three autobiographical adventure books by Sylvain Tesson into comics: The Consolations of the Forest in 2019, Berezina in 2021 and L'Axe du loup in 2023. In 2022, Dureuil published Un Jour dans la nuit, a documentary comic book about the renovation of a railway line during the COVID-19 lockdown.

The Consolations of the Forest
The Consolations of the Forest: Alone in a Cabin on the Siberian Taiga is a 2011 book by the French writer Sylvain Tesson. Its French title is Dans les forêts de Sibérie, which means "in the forests of Siberia". It recounts how Tesson lived isolated for six months, from February to July 2010, in a cabin in Siberia, on the northwestern shore of Lake Baikal. An English translation by Linda Coverdale was published in 2013.
1920s North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons
The following is a list of North Indian Ocean tropical cyclones from 1920 to 1929. Records from before the 1970s were extremely unreliable, and storms that stayed at sea were often only reported by ship reports.

1920–1924 Pacific hurricane seasons
The 1920-24 Pacific hurricane seasons all began on May 15 of their respective years in the eastern north Pacific Ocean and on June 1 in the central north Pacific. They ended on November 30, of each year. These dates conventionally delimit the time of year when most tropical cyclones form in northeast Pacific Ocean tropical cyclone basin, between the International Date Line and the west coast of North America. However, tropical cyclone formation is possible at any time of the year. Before the dawn of the satellite era in the 1960s, data on Pacific hurricanes is extremely unreliable. For a few years, there are no reported cyclones, although many systems likely formed and went undocumented.
Hangu, Pakistan
Hangu (Pashto: هنګو, Urdu: ہنگو) is a city in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the largest city and namesake of Hangu District and the third-largest city in Kohat Division, after Karak and Kohat. In 1998, Hangu was the second-largest city in the division. Hangu is the 27th most populous city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The principal language of the city is Pashto.

Kohat Division
Kohat Division is one of the seven divisions in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It consists of five districts: Hangu, Karak, Kohat, Kurram, and Orakzai. The division borders Bannu Division to the south and west, Peshawar Division to the north and east, the province of Punjab to the east, and Afghanistan to the northwest. CNIC code of Kohat Division is 14.
Richard Domba Mady
Richard Domba Mady (10 January 1953 – 3 July 2021) was a Congolese Roman Catholic prelate. He served as the third Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Doruma–Dungu, located in northeast Democratic Republic of the Congo, from his installation on 31 July 1994 until his death on 3 July 2021. During his tenure, his diocese endured a series of attacks during the numerous conflicts affecting the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, including the First Congo War, the Second Congo War, and the aftermath of these wars.

Richard Domba Mady died at the HJ Hospital in Kinshasa on 3 July 2021, at the age of 68. His death was announced by Marcel Utembi Tapa, the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kisangani and President of the Episcopal Conference of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Cenco).

Diocese of Doruma–Dungu
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Doruma–Dungu (Latin: Dorumaën(sis) – Dunguen(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Doruma–Dungu  in the ecclesiastical province of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Lucifer (cipher)
In cryptography, Lucifer was the name given to several of the earliest civilian block ciphers, developed by Horst Feistel and his colleagues at IBM.  Lucifer was a direct precursor to the Data Encryption Standard.  One version, alternatively named DTD-1, saw commercial use in the 1970s for electronic banking.

Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary building blocks of many cryptographic protocols. They are ubiquitous in the storage and exchange of data, where such data is secured and authenticated via encryption.

A block cipher uses blocks as an unvarying transformation. Even a secure block cipher is suitable for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated use in a secure way to achieve the other security goals of confidentiality and authenticity. However, block ciphers may also feature as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudorandom number generators.
Urbita Lake Railway
The Urbita Lake Railway was a 1⁄2 mile (0.8 km) long miniature railway with a gauge of 18 in (457 mm), which operated from approximately 1910 to at least August 1915 at Urbita Hot Springs park (since 1966 the location of the Inland Center shopping mall) in San Bernardino, California.

Long Beach and Asbury Park Railway
The Long Beach and Asbury Park Railway was a profitable but short-lived miniature railway with the unusual gauge of 14+1⁄2 in (368 mm), which operated from 1902 until 21 August 1903 at Long Beach in California.
Ulises Armand Sanabria
Ulises Armand Sanabria (September 5, 1906  –  January 6, 1969) was born in southern Chicago of Puerto Rican and French-American parents. Sanabria is known for development of mechanical televisions and early terrestrial television broadcasts.

WSCR (AM)
WSCR (670 kHz) – branded 104-3 The Score – is a commercial AM sports radio station, licensed to Chicago, Illinois, which serves the Chicago metropolitan area. Owned by Audacy, Inc., WSCR is a clear-channel station with extended nighttime range in most of the Central United States and part of the Eastern United States.

Studios are located at Two Prudential Plaza in the Chicago Loop, while the station transmitter site is in suburban Bloomingdale, diplexed with co-owned WBBM. Besides its main analog transmission, WSCR is simulcasted on 104.3 WSCR-FM, and streams online via Audacy.
Dunmore, Falkirk
Dunmore is a small village in the Falkirk council area of Scotland. It lies 6.5 miles (10.5 km) south east of Stirling and 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north of Falkirk. The village lies along the A905 road between Throsk and Airth on the banks of the River Forth.

The population of Dunmore was recorded as 70 in the United Kingdom Census 2001, and as 79 in the census of 1991.

Formerly known as Elphinstone Pans, the settlement was entirely remodelled as a planned village in the 1840s by the local landowner, the Countess of Dunmore. Dunmore is a conservation area.

River Forth
The River Forth is a major river in central Scotland, 47 km (29 mi) long, which drains into the North Sea on the east coast of the country. Its drainage basin covers much of Stirlingshire in Scotland's Central Belt. The Gaelic name for the upper reach of the river, above Stirling, is Abhainn Dubh, meaning "black river". The name for the river below the tidal reach (just past where it is crossed by the M9 motorway) is Uisge For.
North Sails
North Sails is an international sailmaker and sailing wear company with operations in 29 countries. The company designs, engineers and manufactures sails for racing and cruising sailboats from 8 feet (2.5m) to more-than 200 feet (60m) in length. Licensees manufacture clothing and windsurfing sails. North Sails is the world’s largest sailmaker, with annual sales of $150 million in 2011. Sails by North Sails are used by the majority of competitors in the Ocean Race and the America’s Cup.

Sailing wear
Sailing wear is a type of clothing for sailing. It protects the sailor from water and insulates the body on board a vessel.

There are different types in use, the most premier sailing wear is the offshore set used for the open seas. Usually offshore sailing wear consists of special shoes or Wellington boots, a pant with suspenders, a jacket with a high collar, and other increasingly technical layers worn underneath this outerwear. In addition, specially designed gloves made with synthetic leathers are worn for protection and to increase holding power on sheets.
2003–04 Swiss Challenge League
The 2003–04 Swiss Challenge League was the first season of the Swiss Challenge League, and the 72nd season of the second tier of the Swiss football league pyramid. It began on 18 July 2003 and ended on 22 May 2004. The champions of this season, FC Schaffhausen, earned promotion to the 2004–05 Super League. SR Delémont finished last and were relegated to the Swiss 1. Liga.

Swiss Challenge League
The Challenge League (known as the Dieci Challenge League for sponsorship reasons) is the second-highest tier of the Swiss football league system and lower of two professional leagues in the country. Ten teams play in the Challenge League; the winners of the league are promoted to the Super League, while the bottom-placed team is relegated to the Promotion League.
Popular Movement (Italy)
The Popular Movement (Movimento Popolare) was an Italian political organization within the Christian Democracy (DC) party.

It was founded in 1975 by Roberto Formigoni and other members of the Catholic group Communion and Liberation. It ceased activity at the time of the demise of the DC party in 1992–94. Most of its members followed Formigoni into the United Christian Democrats (CDU) in 1995.

Roberto Formigoni
Roberto Formigoni (born 30 March 1947) is an Italian politician. He was the president of Lombardy from 1995 to 2013. He is the former unofficial political spokesperson of the Communion and Liberation movement. On 21 February 2019, the Supreme Court of Cassation, the highest court in Italy, found him guilty of corruption and sentenced him to a definitive jail term of 5 years and 10 months. As a result, he was detained in the prison of Bollate, near Milan, for a few months in 2019 before getting house arrest. He was released in November 2023.
John Kennedy Sr. (footballer)
John James Kennedy Sr. (29 December 1928 – 24 June 2020) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club and coached Hawthorn and the North Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He coached Hawthorn to premierships in 1961, 1971, and 1976.

Kennedy Community Centre
The Kennedy Community Centre (KCC) is the training facility and headquarters of the Hawthorn Football Club, located in the south-east Melbourne suburb of Dingley Village. The complex includes two Australian rules football ovals (with plans for an additional two), elite aquatic and gym facilities for Hawthorn's men's and women's teams, an indoor training facility, and recovery facilities.

Construction began in February 2024 and was completed in September 2025, with the facility officially opened two months later.

The main oval (known as the AFLW Community Oval) will host Hawthorn's home matches in the AFL Women's (AFLW) competition, as well as Victorian Football League (VFL) and community-level matches, and includes a pavilion with a 500-seat grandstand. The facility will be made available for public use for at least 20 hours per week.
Crank House
Crank House, also known as Fair Oaks Ranch, is an 1883 Victorian style residence in Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 for its association with the early settlement of Pasadena. (site #97000751). The house has notably featured in films such as Hocus Pocus (Allison's house interior shots), Matilda (Trunchbull's house), Scream 2 (Omega Beta Zeta sorority house) and Catch Me If You Can (Roger Strong's house).

Matilda (1996 film)
Matilda is a 1996 American fantasy comedy film based on Roald Dahl's 1988 novel Matilda and starring Mara Wilson as Matilda Wormwood. It is co-produced and directed by Danny DeVito from a screenplay by Nicholas Kazan and Robin Swicord. The film also features DeVito, Rhea Perlman, Embeth Davidtz, and Pam Ferris in supporting roles. The plot centers on the titular child prodigy who develops psychokinetic abilities and uses them to deal with her disreputable family and the tyrannical principal of her school.

Matilda was released in the United States on August 2, 1996, by Sony Pictures Releasing under their TriStar Pictures label. The film received positive reviews from critics, with praise being directed towards its faithfulness to the novel and DeVito's direction. Despite this, the film was a box office disappointment, grossing $47 million on a $36 million budget. However, Matilda subsequently attained greater popularity after being released on home video.