hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Buchan (meteorologist)
Alexander Buchan FRS FRSE (11 April 1829 – 13 May 1907) was a Scottish meteorologist, oceanographer and botanist and is credited with establishing the weather map as the basis of modern weather forecasting. He also proposed the theory of Buchan Spells.

Buchan Spells
Buchan spells are either cold or warm spells that the 19th century Scottish meteorologist  Alexander Buchan claimed happened at roughly the same times each year.

Through statistical analysis, Buchan claimed to have discerned patterns in the Scottish weather that repeated about the same time of the year. He theorized that these were  predictable interruptions (either  warmer or colder) in the smooth annual transition of temperatures between the seasons.

They are now believed by meteorologists to be random events.

Buchan cold spells:

7-14 February

11-14 April

9-14 May

29 June - 4 July

6-11 August

6-13 November

Buchan warm spells:

12-15 July

12-15 August

3-14 December
Campinas Cathedral shooting
On 11 December 2018, a gunman opened fire in the Metropolitan Cathedral in the Brazilian city of Campinas, São Paulo, killing five people and wounding four more. The event was reported by multiple news outlets.

Our Lady of the Conception Cathedral, Campinas
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady of the Conception (Portuguese: Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora da Conceição), also Campinas Cathedral, is a Catholic church in Campinas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It was inaugurated in 1883 and is located in the Jose Bonifacio Square, popularly known as the Cathedral Square, in the city center. It is dedicated to Our Lady of Conception.

Construction of a new church in Campinas was approved by the City Council in 1807. It was constructed on being the huge bases using rammed earth construction. The structure built by the slaves and blessed by the vicar. It was inaugurated in 1883. The cathedral received new ornaments on the facade during a large-scale restoration in 1923.
1952 National Invitation Tournament
The 1952 National Invitation Tournament was the 1952 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.  The 1952 tournament was won by La Salle University.  Tom Gola and Norm Grekin were co-MVPs.

Tom Gola
Thomas Joseph Gola (January 13, 1933 – January 26, 2014) was an American basketball player and politician. He is widely considered one of the greatest NCAA basketball players of all time. Gola was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1976. He led his high school team to the Philadelphia Catholic League championship, his college team to the National Invitation Tournament championship and the NCAA championship, and was on the Philadelphia Warriors 1956 championship team, all in the space of six years.
Nina Eichinger
Nina Eichinger (born 16 September 1981) is a German television presenter and actress.

Eichinger was born in Munich, the daughter of film producer and director Bernd Eichinger. She was an MTV VJ and has been a jury member for Deutschland sucht den Superstar, seasons 6 and 7. However, she missed the final of season 7 after being stuck in Los Angeles following flight restrictions as a result of the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull. She also played roles in The Three Musketeers, The Baader Meinhof Complex and other movies.

Deutschland sucht den Superstar
Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS; "Germany is looking for the Superstar") is a German reality talent show. Part of the Idol franchise, it was created by British media mogul Simon Fuller as a spin-off from the British show Pop Idol, of which two series were broadcast between the years of 2001 and 2003. Debuting to mediocre ratings in November 2002 on the RTL network, the show has since become one of the most successful shows on German television.

The program aims to discover the best singer in the country through a series of nationwide auditions in which viewer voting determines the winner. Voting is done through phone and SMS text voting.

In July 2022, RTL announced that the show would discontinue after the conclusion of the 20th season in 2023. In the first live show of the 20th season it was announced that there will be a 21st season in 2024.
George Backer
George Backer Jr. (January 18, 1902 – May 1, 1974) was a Jewish-American playwright, novelist, journalist and politician who published the New York Post from 1939 to 1942 and served on the New York City Council from 1938 to 1939, representing Manhattan. From 1932 to 1943 he was married to Dorothy Schiff, with whom he co-owned the Post.

Dorothy Schiff
Dorothy Schiff (March 11, 1903 – August 30, 1989) was an American businesswoman who was the owner and then publisher of the New York Post for nearly 40 years. She was a granddaughter of financier Jacob Schiff. Schiff was interested in social services and reform, and was involved in several welfare groups.
Booby Island (Queensland)
Booby Island is located 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Muttee Heads at the tip of Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. This island is in the Torres Strait, 32 km (20 mi) west of Thursday Island and 23 km (14 mi) west of Prince of Wales Island. Booby Island is also known as Ngiangu by the Kaurareg people of the western Torres Strait, its traditional owners, named for the giant Ngiangu who was forced from a neighbouring island It has been called Booby Island by a number of European explorers, including Captain Cook, for the presence of the booby birds.

Torres Strait
The Torres Strait (/ˈtɒrɪs/), also known as Zenadh Kes (pronounced [ˈzen̪ad̪ kes]), is a strait between Australia and the Melanesian island of New Guinea. It is  150 km (93 mi) wide at its narrowest extent. To the south is Cape York Peninsula, the northernmost extremity of the Australian mainland. To the north is the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. It is named after the Spanish navigator Luís Vaz de Torres, who sailed through the strait in 1606.
City Square, Leeds
City Square is a paved area north of Leeds railway station at the junction of Park Row to the east and Wellington Street to the south. It is a triangular area where six roads meet: Infirmary Street and Park Row to the north, Boar Lane and Bishopsgate Street to the south-east, and Quebec Street and Wellington Street to the south-west.  The only building with a direct frontage is the former General Post Office, on the north-west side.

Alfred Drury
Edward Alfred Briscoe Drury RA (11 November 1856 – 24 December 1944) was a British architectural sculptor and artist active in the New Sculpture movement. During a long career Drury created a great number of decorative figures such as busts and statuettes plus larger monuments, war memorials, statues of royalty and architectural pieces. During the opening years of the 20th century he was among the foremost architectural sculptors active in Britain and in that period created the series of works in central London for which he is perhaps now best known. These include the figures on the Old War Office building in Whitehall, elements of the facade of the Victoria and Albert Museum and four of the colossal statues on Vauxhall Bridge.
Ksabi
Ksabi (Arabic: ﻗﺼﺎﺑﻰ) is a town and commune in Ouled Khodeïr District, Béchar Province, in western Algeria. According to the 2008 census its population is 3,187, up from 2,656 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 1.9%. The commune covers an area of 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

Ouled Khodeïr District
Ouled Khodeïr is a district in Béchar Province, Algeria. It was named after its capital, Ouled Khodeïr. According to the 2008 census, the total population of the district was 7,438 inhabitants. The Oued Saoura runs from northwest to southeast through the district, and empties into Sebkhel el Melah, also in the district, after a brief excursion into Adrar Province. The N6 national highway also runs through the district on the way from Béchar to Adrar, Algeria.
Michel Warschawski
Michel Warschawski (Mikado) (Hebrew: מיכאל ורשבסקי (מיקאדו); born 25 July 1949) is an Israeli anti-Zionist activist. He led the Marxist Revolutionary Communist League (previously Matzpen-Jerusalem) until its demise in the 1990s, and founded the Alternative Information Center, a joint Palestinian-Israeli non-governmental organization, in 1984.

Matzpen
Matzpen (Hebrew: מצפן, lit. 'Compass'), founded in 1962, was an Israeli revolutionary socialist and anti-Zionist organisation. It was active until the 1980s. Its official name was the Socialist Organisation in Israel, but it became better known as Matzpen after its monthly publication.
Poul Mathias Thomsen
Poul Mathias Thomsen (born 21 May 1955, in Aabenraa) is a Danish economist working for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since the 1980s. He served as the director of the IMF's European Department. He led the bailouts of Iceland, Greece, Portugal and Ukraine during and after the Great Recession.

He retired from the IMF in July 2020.

Aabenraa
Aabenraa (Danish pronunciation: [ɔːpm̩ˈʁɔˀ]; German: Apenrade, pronounced [aːpn̩ˈʁaːdə] ⓘ; South Jutlandic: Affenråe, also known as Åbenrå) is a town in Southern Denmark, at the head of the Aabenraa Fjord, an arm of the Little Belt, 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of the Denmark–Germany border and 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of German town of Flensburg. It was the seat of Sønderjyllands Amt (South Jutland County) until 1 January 2007, when the Region of Southern Denmark was created as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform. With a population of 16,500 (1 January 2025), Aabenraa is the largest town and the seat of the Aabenraa Municipality.

The name Aabenraa originally meant "open beach" (Danish: åben strand).
Duluth–Superior Dukes (1956–1970)
The Duluth–Superior Dukes was the final moniker of the minor league baseball team, that represented Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin, playing from 1956 to 1970 exclusively as members of the Northern League.

Duluth–Superior teams were affiliates of the Chicago White Sox (1956–1959), Detroit Tigers (1960–1965), Chicago Cubs (1965–1967) and Chicago White Sox (1967–1970).

Northern League (baseball, 1902–1971)
The Northern League was a name used by several minor league baseball organizations that operated off and on between 1902 and 1971 in the upper midwestern United States and Manitoba, Canada. The name was later used by the independent Northern League from 1993 to 2010.
Slang (album)
Slang is the sixth studio album by English rock band Def Leppard, released on 13 May 1996. The album marked a musical departure from their signature sound; it was produced by the band with Pete Woodroffe and was their first album since 1980 without involvement by Robert John "Mutt" Lange. Slang is the first album with new material to feature new guitarist Vivian Campbell (Campbell had previously played on the B-side collection Retro Active in 1993 and on the new song on Vault a year earlier). It charted at number 14 on the Billboard 200 and number 5 on the UK Albums Chart. It is also the only Def Leppard album that does not feature their recognisable font logo on the album cover, though all its singles still bore the classic logo.

Phil Collen
Philip Kenneth Collen (born 8 December 1957) is an English musician who is best known as the co-lead guitarist for the rock band Def Leppard. Collen joined the band in 1982 during the recording of the Pyromania album. Before joining Def Leppard, Collen had performed with a number of bands in the burgeoning British glam metal scene.  Outside of Def Leppard, he has been involved in a number of side projects; those projects include the trio Man Raze, with which he is the lead singer and sole guitarist.

Collen has been noted for his shred guitar playing style.
Paul Reas
Paul Reas (born 1955) is a British social documentary photographer and university lecturer. He is best known for photographing consumerism in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s.

Reas has produced the books I Can Help (1988), Flogging a Dead Horse: Heritage Culture and Its Role in Post-industrial Britain (1993) and Fables of Faubus (2018). He has had solo exhibitions at The Photographers' Gallery and London College of Communication, London; Cornerhouse, Manchester; and Impressions Gallery, Bradford. His work is held in the collection of the British Council.

Ffotogallery
Ffotogallery is the national development agency for photography in Wales. It was established in 1978 and since June 2019 has been based in Cathays, Cardiff. It also commissions touring exhibitions nationally and internationally. Its current director is David Drake. From 2003 to 2019 Ffotogallery used Turner House Gallery in Penarth as its gallery.
Arinjaya Chola
Arinjaya Chola was a ruler of the Chola kingdom. He was the third son of Parantaka I and the younger brother of Gandaraditya Chola, whom he is thought to have succeeded in about 956. Arinjaya Chola was succeeded by his son Sundara Chola (Parantaka II) as Madurantaka Uttama Chola was not old enough to ascend the throne. Arinjaya seems to have ruled for a very short time.

Recent scholarship suggests that Arinjaya was the son of a Chera princess (hence a half-brother to prince Rajaditya). As per the Anbil plates of Sundara Chola, Arinjaya's mother was the daughter of Paluvettaraiyar, therein described as a Chera prince.

Paluvettaraiyar
The Pazhuvettaraiyar were one of the feudatories of the medieval Cholas in southern India. They ruled over the regions of Kizha-Pazhuvur, Mela-Pazhuvur and Keezhaiyur in the Ariyalur taluk of the Ariyalur district in present-day Tamil Nadu.

They contributed significantly to the local temples through various benefactions and were known to have been related to the imperial Cholas by marriage.
Convair CV-240 family
The Convair CV-240 is an American airliner that Convair manufactured from 1947 to 1954, initially as a possible replacement for the ubiquitous Douglas DC-3. Featuring a more modern design with cabin pressurization, the low-wing, primarily piston-driven 240 series made some inroads as a commercial airliner, spawning nearly a dozen civil variants, and five for the military, including turboprop versions for both. Though reduced in numbers by attrition, various forms of the "Convairliners" continue to fly in the 21st century.

KLM
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, or simply KLM (an abbreviation for their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈlʏxtfaːrt ˌmaːtsxɑˈpɛi ˌɛnˈveː], lit. 'Royal Aviation Company'), is the flag carrier of the Netherlands. KLM’s headquarters are located in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. It is a subsidiary of the Air France–KLM group and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. Founded in 1919, KLM is the oldest operating airline still using its original name, having gone through significant changes in its ownership and legal structure over its history, including a period of majority government ownership. The company had a fleet of 110 aircraft (excluding subsidiaries) and 35,488 employees as of 2021. KLM operates scheduled passenger and cargo services to 145 destinations.
Wedding Daze
Wedding Daze (originally titled The Pleasure of Your Company) is a 2006 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Michael Ian Black and starring Jason Biggs and Isla Fisher alongside Joe Pantoliano, Joanna Gleason, Edward Herrmann, and Michael Weston. The film follows Anderson (Biggs), who successfully proposes to stranger Katie (Fisher) after his girlfriend dies.

Wedding Daze premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2006, and was released theatrically in the United Kingdom by Pathé on June 1, 2007. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released the film direct-to-video in the United States on January 15, 2008, after multiple delays to its wide theatrical release.

Michael Ian Black
Michael Ian Black (born Michael Ian Schwartz; August 12, 1971) is an American comedian, actor, and writer. He has starred in several TV comedy series, including The State, Viva Variety, Stella, Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp, Michael & Michael Have Issues, and Another Period. In the late 1990s to early 2000s, he was the puppeteer and voice actor for the Pets.com sock puppet dog, and played a supporting character on the NBC drama series Ed. Since 2008 he has written a number of books, including several for children.
Howe Sound
Howe Sound (French: Baie (de /d')Howe, Squamish: Átl'ka7tsem, Nexwnéwu7ts, Txwnéwu7ts) is a roughly triangular sound, that joins a network of fjords situated immediately northwest of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2021.

Sound (geography)
In geography, a sound is a smaller body of water usually connected to a sea or an ocean. A sound may be an inlet that is deeper than a bight and wider than a fjord; or  a narrow sea channel or an ocean channel between two land masses, such as a strait; or also a lagoon between a barrier island and the mainland.
Mynydd y Gelli
Mynydd Y Gelli is a hill  that forms the Rhondda Valley in South Wales, United Kingdom. It lies to the south of the village of Gelli.

The name Mynydd Y Gelli is also used for the Iron Age burial site that lies on one of its sides above Tonypandy, Clydach Vale and Llwynypia. Another more grandiose name for the site is the Rhondda Stonehenge.

Tonypandy
Tonypandy (/tɒnəˈpændi/, Welsh pronunciation: [tɔnəˈpandi]) is a town, community and electoral ward located in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan, Wales, lying in the Rhondda Fawr Valley. A former industrial coal mining town, the town was the scene of the 1910 Tonypandy riots.

The community boundaries of Tonypandy are drawn relatively tightly around the central part of the urban area. According to the 2011 UK Census, the population of the community was 3,750. The Office for National Statistics defines a larger "Tonypandy built-up area" covering much of the Rhondda Fawr valley and the lower Rhondda Fach valley, which had a population of 62,545 in 2011. They also define a smaller "Tonypandy built-up area sub division" which had a population of 17,789.

The town is served by Tonypandy railway station on the Rhondda Line.
Template processor
A template processor (also known as a template engine or template parser) is software designed to combine templates with data (defined by a data model) to produce resulting documents or programs. The language that the templates are written in is known as a template language or templating language. For purposes of this article, a result document is any kind of formatted output, including documents, web pages, or source code (in source code generation), either in whole or in fragments. A template engine is ordinarily included as a part of a web template system or application framework, and may be used also as a preprocessor or filter.

Automatic programming
In computer science, automatic programming is a type of computer programming in which some mechanism generates a computer program, to allow human programmers to write the code at a higher abstraction level.

There has been little agreement on the precise definition of automatic programming, mostly because its meaning has changed over time. David Parnas, tracing the history of "automatic programming" in published research, noted that in the 1940s it described automation of the manual process of punching paper tape. Later it referred to translation of high-level programming languages like Fortran and ALGOL. In fact, one of the earliest programs identifiable as a compiler was called Autocode. Parnas concluded that "automatic programming has always been a euphemism for programming in a higher-level language than was then available to the programmer."

Program synthesis is one type of automatic programming where a procedure is created from scratch, based on mathematical requirements.
Old Grammar School, Derby
The Old Grammar School, St. Peter's Churchyard, Derby, England, is now a Ladies Hairdressing Salon.

The building's new owner is the daughter of the architect responsible for the original restoration of this historical property. All of the original features of the building have been retained and further extensive restoration work has been carried out at the new owner's expense.

The Reverend John Cotton, a principal New England Puritan figure and a founder of Boston, Massachusetts, was educated at Derby School.

The Heritage Centre was established in 1992 by Richard Felix, long time historian on popular Living show Most Haunted and is the starting point for Derby Ghost Walks. The paranormal TV series Most Haunted completed an investigation at the Heritage Centre in 2003.

Derby School
Derby School was a school in Derby in the English Midlands from 1160 to 1989. It had an almost continuous history of education of over eight centuries. For most of that time it was a grammar school for boys. The school became co-educational and comprehensive in 1972 and was closed in 1989. In 1994 a new independent school called Derby Grammar School for boys was founded.
Arthur Hill (Anglo-Irish soldier)
Colonel Arthur Hill PC(I) (c.1600 – April 1663) was an Anglo-Irish landowner, soldier and politician, who led Protestant settler forces during the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and held influential appointments in the Dublin Castle administration. He was a strong advocate of the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland and founded the current settlement of Hillsborough in County Down during the Plantation of Ulster.

Royal Hillsborough
Royal Hillsborough more commonly known simply as Hillsborough, is a village and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland, 19 km (12 mi) from the city of Belfast. It is within the Lisburn and Castlereagh District Council area. The village is noted for its Georgian architecture. It is home to Hillsborough Castle, the British royal family's official residence in Northern Ireland, and residence of the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.
Akaki Chkhenkeli
Akaki Chkhenkeli (Georgian: აკაკი ჩხენკელი; 19 May 1874 – 5 January 1959) was a Georgian Social Democratic politician and publicist who acted as one of the leaders of the Menshevik movement in Russia and Georgia. In 1918 he served as the prime minister and foreign minister of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, and then became foreign minister of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. In 1921 he was appointed the Georgian Minister to France, though was unable to serve as the Red Army invaded Georgia. His younger brother was the linguist Kita Tschenkéli.

Kita Chkhenkeli
Kita "Petre" Chkhenkeli (Georgian: კიტა "პეტრე" ჩხენკელი; Tschenkéli in western literature) (8 November 1895 – 22 October 1963) was a Georgian linguist and lexicographer based in Germany and Switzerland. He is best known for his Georgisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch, which is "widely regarded as the most comprehensive Georgian dictionary in any western language."