hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Organizational economics
Organizational economics (also referred to as economics of organization) involves the use of economic logic and methods to understand the existence, nature, design, and performance of organizations, especially managed ones.

Organizational economics is primarily concerned with the obstacles to coordination of activities inside and between organizations (firms, alliances, institutions, and market as a whole).

Organizational economics is known for its contribution to and its use of:

Transaction cost theory: costs incurred to organize an activity, especially regarding research of information, bureaucracy, communication etc.

Agency theory: dilemmas connected to making decisions on behalf of, or that impact, another person or entity.

Contract theory: ways economic actors use to construct contractual arrangements, generally in the presence of asymmetric information.

Notable theorists and contributors in the field of organizational economics:

Transaction cost
In economics, a transaction cost is a cost incurred when making an economic trade when participating in a market.

The idea that transactions form the basis of economic thinking was introduced by the institutional economist John R. Commons in 1931. Oliver E. Williamson's Transaction Cost Economics article, published in 2008, popularized the concept of transaction costs. Douglass C. North argues that institutions, understood as the set of rules in a society, are key in the determination of transaction costs. In this sense, institutions that facilitate low transaction costs can boost economic growth.

Alongside production costs, transaction costs are one of the most significant factors in business operation and management.
Full communion
Full communion is a communion or relationship of full agreement among different Christian denominations or Christian individuals that share certain essential principles of Christian theology. Views vary among denominations on exactly what constitutes full communion, but typically when two or more denominations are in full communion it enables services and celebrations, such as the Eucharist, to be shared among congregants or clergy of any of them with the full approval of each.

Reformed Church in America
The Reformed Church in America (RCA) is a mainline Reformed Protestant denomination in Canada and the United States. It has about 82,865 members. From its beginning in 1628 until 1819, it was the North American branch of the Dutch Reformed Church. In 2024, Pew Research estimated that approximately 0.1% of the US adult population, or about 260,000 people, self-identifies with the Reformed Church in America.

The RCA is a founding member of the National Council of Churches, the World Council of Churches (WCC), Christian Churches Together, and the World Communion of Reformed Churches (WCRC). Some parts of the denomination belong to the National Association of Evangelicals, the Canadian Council of Churches, and the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada. The denomination is in full communion with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Presbyterian Church (USA), and United Church of Christ and is a denominational partner of the Christian Reformed Church in North America.
Palma Violets
Palma Violets were an English band from Lambeth, London. The band formed in 2011, based on the musical partnership of frontmen Samuel Fryer and Chilli Jesson.

The band's musical output is primarily in the indie rock genre, with some garage rock and psychedelic influences. Palma Violets' first single, "Best of Friends", was voted NME's song of the year for 2012, and their debut album 180 was released on 25 February 2013.

Much like The Libertines, the band gained a substantial fan base online before the release of their first single – with multiple live videos of their gigs being uploaded by fans. The band were signed to Rough Trade Records. Palma Violets appeared on the 2013 NME Awards Tour, along with Miles Kane, Django Django and Peace. Since that time they have been heavily promoted by NME and have appeared in numerous magazine editions.

On 9 December 2012, the BBC announced that the band had been nominated for the Sound of 2013 poll.

Sound of...
Sound of... is an annual BBC poll of music critics and industry figures to find the most promising new music talent. It was first conducted by the BBC News website in 2003, and is now widely covered by the corporation's online, radio and TV outlets, as well as other media. A 10-strong longlist is published each December, with a ranked shortlist and annual winner announced the following January.
Trail of the Pink Panther
Trail of the Pink Panther is a 1982 comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and starring Peter Sellers. It is the seventh film in The Pink Panther series, the first film in the series following Sellers' death and also the last in which he appeared as Inspector Clouseau. Sellers died 18 months before production began; his performance consists entirely of his deleted scenes and outtakes from previous films. Although the Sellers estate sued United Artists and the unauthorized use of the footage was ruled illegal, the film was allowed to be released. The newly shot material in the film stars Joanna Lumley as journalist Marie Jouvet searching for the missing Clouseau – and running afoul of the inspector's enemies who do not wish to see him return.

Graham Stark
Graham William Stark (20 January 1922 – 29 October 2013) was an English comedian, actor, writer and director, known for his close, personal friendship with Peter Sellers, appearance in several of The Pink Panther films and Victor/Victoria.
American Pie 2
American Pie 2 is a 2001 American sex comedy film directed by James B. Rogers and written by Adam Herz and David H. Steinberg from a story by Herz. A sequel to the 1999 comedy film American Pie, it is the second film in the American Pie series and stars Jason Biggs, Shannon Elizabeth, Alyson Hannigan, Chris Klein, Natasha Lyonne, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Tara Reid, Seann William Scott, Mena Suvari, Eddie Kaye Thomas, and Eugene Levy. The film follows the sexual exploits of five friends – Jim, Kevin, Stifler, Oz, and Finch – and their attempts to have the greatest summer party ever at a summer beach house.

American Pie 2 was released in the United States on August 10, 2001 by Universal Pictures, and grossed over $145 million in the United States and $142 million overseas on a budget of $30 million, making it the highest-grossing film in the franchise at $287.5 million worldwide. The film was followed by American Wedding (2003).

Tara Reid
Tara Donna Reid (/riːd/; born November 8, 1975) is an American actress. Her film roles established her status as a sex symbol in the late 1990s.

In film, Reid was the lead ensemble role as Vicky Lathum in the American Pie film series (1999–2001; 2012). Her other notable lead film roles include Urban Legend (1998), Body Shots (1999), Josie and the Pussycats (2001), Van Wilder (2002), My Boss's Daughter (2003) and Alone in the Dark (2005). She had supporting roles in the films The Big Lebowski (1998), Cruel Intentions (1999), Dr. T & the Women (2000), and Just Visiting (2001).

In television, Reid had recurring roles as Ashley on the soap opera Days of Our Lives (1995) and Danni Sullivan on the NBC series Scrubs (2003–2005). She had a co-lead role as secondary protagonist April Wexler in the Sharknado television film series (2013–2018). Reid hosted her own reality series on E!, titled Taradise (2005–2006).
Nuclear magneton
The nuclear magneton (symbol μN) is a physical constant of magnetic moment, defined in SI units by:

and in Gaussian CGS units by:

where:

e is the elementary charge,

ħ is the reduced Planck constant,

mp is the proton rest mass, and

c is the speed of light

Its CODATA recommended value is:

In Gaussian CGS units, its value can be given in convenient units as

The nuclear magneton is the natural unit for expressing magnetic dipole moments of heavy particles such as nucleons and atomic nuclei.

Due to neutrons and protons having internal structure and not being Dirac particles, their magnetic moments differ from μN:

μp = 2.793 μN

μn = −1.913 μN

The magnetic dipole moment of the electron, which is much larger as a consequence of much larger charge-to-mass ratio, is usually expressed in units of the Bohr magneton, which is calculated in the same fashion using the electron mass. The result is larger than μN by a factor equal to the proton-to-electron mass ratio, about 1836.

Bohr magneton
In atomic physics, the Bohr magneton (symbol μB) is a physical constant and the natural unit for expressing the magnetic moment of an electron caused by its orbital or spin angular momentum.
In SI units, the Bohr magneton is defined as

and in the Gaussian CGS units as

where

e is the elementary charge,

ħ is the reduced Planck constant,

me is the electron mass,

c is the speed of light.
The Land of Lost Content (John Ireland)
The Land of Lost Content is a song cycle for voice and piano composed in 1920–21 by John Ireland (1879–1962). It consists of settings of six poems by A. E. Housman from his 1896 collection A Shropshire Lad.

A typical performance takes about 11 minutes. The songs are, with Roman numerals from A Shropshire Lad, and first lines where Housman did not title his poem:

XXIX "The Lent Lily"

XV "Ladslove" ("Look not in my eyes")

XVII "Goal and Wicket" ("Twice a week the winter thorough")

XXXIII "The Vain Desire" ("If truth in hearts that perish")

XXII "The Encounter" ("The street sounds to the soldiers' tread")

LVII "Epilogue" ("You smile upon your friend today")

The title of the cycle is taken from Housman's poem "Into my heart an air that kills", XL in A Shropshire Lad:

That is the land of lost content,
    I see it shining plain,	
The happy highways where I went	
    And cannot come again.

A Shropshire Lad
A Shropshire Lad is a collection of 63 poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896. Selling slowly at first, it then rapidly grew in popularity, particularly among young readers. Composers began setting the poems to music less than ten years after their first appearance, and many parodists have satirised Housman's themes and poetic style. Often noted for its homosexual themes, Housman sent a copy of A Shropshire Lad to Oscar Wilde when Wilde was in prison for homosexual acts. After Wilde's release from prison, Housman sent him an autographed copy.
Greyfield Wood
Greyfield Wood is a woodland to the west of High Littleton, Somerset, England. It is around 16 km (9.9 mi) from Bath and 19 km (12 mi) from Bristol. It is a mixture of ancient woodland and new planting.

High Littleton
High Littleton is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, about 1.2 miles (1.9 km) north of Paulton and 7.5 miles (12 km) south-west of Bath. The parish includes the small village of Hallatrow and the hamlets of White Cross, Greyfield and Mearns; the northeastern part of High Littleton village is known as Rotcombe.

High Littleton and Hallatrow are on the A39 Wells-Bath road, which is crossed by the A37 Shepton Mallet to Bristol road at White Cross. There is a Church of England Voluntary Controlled primary school (4–11 years) in the village, together with several pubs and shops.
Sahle Dengel
Sahle Dengel (Ge'ez: ሣህለ ድንግል; 1778 – 11 February 1855)  was Emperor of Ethiopia intermittently between 1832 and 11 February 1855, towards the end of the Zemene Mesafint. He was largely a figurehead, with real power in the hands of Ras Ali II of Yejju.

Gondar
Gondar, also spelled Gonder (Amharic: ጎንደር, Gonder or Gondär; formerly ጐንደር, Gʷandar or Gʷender), is a city and woreda in Ethiopia. Located in the North Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, Gondar is north of Lake Tana on the Lesser Angereb River and southwest of the Simien Mountains. As of 2021, Gondar has an estimated population of 443,156.

Gondar previously served as the capital of both the Ethiopian Empire and the subsequent Begemder Province. The city holds the remains of several royal castles, including those in the Fasil Ghebbi UNESCO World Heritage Site for which Gondar has been called the "Camelot of Africa".
Western Digital FD1771
The FD1771, sometimes WD1771, is a floppy disk controller chip, the first in a line of floppy disk controllers produced by Western Digital. It uses single density FM encoding introduced in the IBM 3740. Later models in the series added support for MFM encoding and increasingly added onboard circuitry that formerly had to be implemented in external components. Originally packaged as 40-pin dual in-line package (DIP) format, later models moved to a 28-pin format that further lowered implementation costs.

Western Digital
Western Digital Corporation, doing business as WD, is an American data storage company headquartered in San Jose, California. Established in 1970, the company is one of the world's largest manufacturers of hard disk drives (HDDs).
Scheria
Scheria or Scherie (/ˈskɪəriə/; Ancient Greek: Σχερία or Σχερίη), also known as Phaeacia (/fiːˈeɪʃə/) or Faiakia, was a region in Greek mythology, first mentioned in Homer's Odyssey as the home of the Phaeacians and the last destination of Odysseus in his 10-year journey before returning home to Ithaca. It is one of the earliest descriptions of a utopia.

Alcinous
In Greek mythology, Alcinous (also Alcinoüs; /ælˈsɪnəʊəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀλκίνοος Alkínoos lit. 'mighty mind') was a son of Nausithous and brother of Rhexenor. After the latter's death, he married his brother's daughter Arete who bore him Nausicaa, Halius, Clytoneus and Laodamas. In some accounts, Alcinous' father was Phaeax, son of Poseidon and Corcyra, and brother of Locrus.
Förden and East Jutland Fjorde
The eastern coast of the Jutland Peninsula, consisting of Danish Jutland and German Schleswig-Holstein features a type of narrow bay called Förde (plural: Förden) in German and fjord (plural fjorde) in Danish. These bays are of glacial origin, but the glacial mechanics were different from those of Norwegian Fjords and also from those of Swedish and Finnish Fjards. Inlets more similar to these are also found on the peninsulas of the Green bay and Georgian bay, and on Manitoulin island, and eastern Long island.

The words Förde, fjord  and  fjard are of the same origin as the English word firth, but today there are differences in the meaning between firth (Förde) and fjord in general.

Fjard
A fjard (Swedish: fjärd, IPA: [ˈfjæːɖ]) is a large open space of water between groups of islands or mainland in archipelagos. Fjards can be found along sea coasts, in freshwater lakes or in rivers. Fjard and fjord were originally the same word, and they generally meant sailable waterway. In Scandinavia, fjords dominate along the North Sea coast while fjards dominate the Baltic Sea coast.
1961 Liverpool Plains state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Liverpool Plains on 26 March 1961 and was triggered by the resignation of Roger Nott (Labor), who was the Minister for Agriculture in the Heffron Labor government and accepted an appointment by the Menzies coalition government to be the Administrator of the Northern Territory.

Roger Nott
Roger Bede Nott CBE (20 October 1908 – 28 September 2000) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from  1941 until 1961. He was a member of the Labor Party and held numerous ministerial positions between 1954 and 1961. He was the Administrator of the Northern Territory between 1961 and 1964.
Washington State Cougars men's basketball
The Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represents Washington State University and competes in the West Coast Conference (WCC) of NCAA Division I. The Cougars play their home games on campus in Pullman at Beasley Coliseum, which has a capacity of 12,058. They are currently led by head coach David Riley. Washington State has appeared in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament seven times, most recently in 2024.

Pullman, Washington
Pullman is the most populous city in Whitman County, located in southeastern Washington within the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. The population was 32,901 at the 2020 census, and estimated to be 33,543 in 2024. Originally founded as Three Forks, the city was renamed after industrialist George Pullman in 1881.

Pullman is noted as a fertile agricultural area known for its many miles of rolling hills and the production of wheat and legumes. It is home to Washington State University, a public research land-grant university, and the international headquarters of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. Pullman is eight miles (13 km) from Moscow, Idaho, home to the University of Idaho, and is served by the Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport.
1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election
The 1891 Cardiff County Borough Council election was held on Monday 2 November 1891 to elect councillors to Cardiff County Borough Council in Cardiff, Wales. These were the third all-Cardiff elections since the creation of the county borough. The previous elections were in November 1890 and the next elections were in November 1892

The result of the election saw no overall change in composition of the council.

Cardiff County Borough Council
Cardiff County Borough Council, known as Cardiff City Council after Cardiff achieved city status in 1905, was the elected local authority that administered the town (later city) and county borough of Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales between 1889 and 1974. The county borough council was replaced in 1974 by a district council, covering part of South Glamorgan and also known as Cardiff City Council.
The Ballad of Curtis Loew
"The Ballad of Curtis Loew" is a song written by Allen Collins and Ronnie Van Zant and recorded by Lynyrd Skynyrd.  The song was first released on the band's 1974 album, Second Helping and again on their compilation, The Essential Lynyrd Skynyrd and later on All Time Greatest Hits. It is on many of their compilation albums and before the Lynyrd Skynyrd plane crash, was performed once live on stage.  Ed King says, "The original version of the band only played 'Curtis Loew' one time on stage. We were playing in a basement in some hotel and thought we'd try it. We never played it again until the Tribute Tour with Johnny Van Zant."

The Essential Lynyrd Skynyrd
The Essential Lynyrd Skynyrd, is a two-disc compilation of Lynyrd Skynyrd in the peak years of its classic lineup (1971–1977). The double album was remastered and re-released in 2006 as part of Universal's Gold series.
Eastern Nazarene College
The Eastern Nazarene College (ENC) was a private, Christian college in Quincy, Massachusetts. Established as a holiness college in Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1900, the college moved to Rhode Island for several years. With its expansion to a four-year curriculum, it relocated to Wollaston Park in Quincy in 1919. It expanded to additional sites in Quincy and, in the late 20th century, to satellite sites across the state. Its academic programs were primarily undergraduate, with some professional graduate education offered.

In June 2024, ENC announced that it would close in May 2025.

Instead, the college were teach out plans to Gordon College, Mount Vernon Nazarene University (the institution of record), and Trevecca Nazarene University.

The campus was put on the market. As of December 2025, the college's campus has not been sold.

Brockton, Massachusetts
Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Its population was 105,643 at the 2020 United States census, and it is a major economic and commercial hub for the southern part of Greater Boston. Along with Plymouth, it is one of the two county seats of the county. It is the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the "City of Champions", due to the success of native boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, as well as its successful Brockton High School sports programs. Two villages within it are Montello and Campello, both of which have MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox of the Frontier League. It is the second-windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of 14.3 mph (23.0 km/h).
Mercedes Bulnes
María Mercedes Bulnes Núñez (6 June 1950, Valdivia – 22 November 2024, Santiago) was a Chilean lawyer, human rights advocate, and independent politician. She served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile for the 17th District of the Maule Region from 2022 until her death.

Before entering parliament, Bulnes was widely known for her work as a human rights lawyer during and after the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, as well as for her legal advocacy on behalf of victims of sexual violence. As a legislator, she focused on human rights, social justice, and the protection of victims within the criminal justice system.

District 17 (Chamber of Deputies of Chile)
District 17 (Spanish: Distrito 17) is one of the 28 multi-member electoral districts of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the National Congress, the national legislature of Chile. The district was created by the 2015 electoral reform and came into being at the following general election in 2017. It consists of the provinces of Curicó and Talca in the region of Maule. The district currently elects seven of the 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2021 general election the district had 584,628 registered electors.
Whittier Union High School District
Whittier Union High School District is a California high school district in Los Angeles County, California, headquartered in Whittier. The union high school district was formed in 1900 and is currently composed of five comprehensive high schools, two alternative high schools, and an adult education center. Combined, these schools serve over 13,000 students. The school district is overseen by its current Superintendent, Dr. Monica Oviedo. The Board of Trustees is composed of five members, elected by trustee areas. The elections are currently held on a Tuesday after the first Monday in November of even-numbered years.

The district includes all of Rose Hills and West Whittier-Los Nietos, most of Whittier and South Whittier, and parts of the following: City of Industry, Downey, East Whittier,  La Habra Heights, La Mirada, Norwalk, Pico Rivera, and Santa Fe Springs.

Pico Rivera, California
Pico Rivera is a city located in southeastern Los Angeles County, California. The city is situated approximately 11 miles (18 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles, on the eastern edge of the Los Angeles basin, and on the southern edge of the area known as the San Gabriel Valley. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a population of 62,088. Pico Rivera is bordered by Montebello to the west, Downey to the south, Santa Fe Springs to the southeast, and Whittier to the east. Northrop Grumman's Advanced Systems Division developed the B-2 Spirit bomber here.