hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marchenko–Pastur distribution
In the mathematical theory of random matrices, the Marchenko–Pastur distribution, or Marchenko–Pastur law, describes the asymptotic behavior of singular values of large rectangular random matrices.  The theorem is named after Soviet Ukrainian mathematicians Volodymyr Marchenko and Leonid Pastur who proved this result in 1967.

If  denotes a  random matrix whose entries are independent identically distributed random variables with mean 0 and variance  , let

and let  be the eigenvalues of  (viewed as random variables).  Finally, consider the random measure

counting the number of eigenvalues in the subset  included in .

Theorem.  Assume that  so that the ratio .  Then  (in weak* topology in distribution), where

and

with

The Marchenko–Pastur law also arises as the free Poisson law in free probability theory, having rate  and jump size .

Leonid Pastur
Leonid Andreevich Pastur (Ukrainian: Леонід Андрійович Пастур, Russian: Леонид Андреевич Пастур) (born 21 August 1937) is a Ukrainian mathematical physicist and theoretical physicist, known in particular for contributions to random matrix theory, the spectral theory of random Schrödinger operators, statistical mechanics, and solid state physics (especially, the theory of disordered systems).  Currently, he heads the Department of Theoretical Physics at the B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering in Kharkiv  and a professor and senior research fellow at the Department of Mathematics, King's College London.
1962 U.S. Women's Open
The 1962 U.S. Women's Open was the 17th U.S. Women's Open, held June 28–30 at The Dunes Golf and Beach Club in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Murle Lindstrom, age 23, won the title for her first LPGA Tour victory, two strokes ahead of runners-up Ruth Jessen and Jo Ann Prentice. The first of her four wins on tour, it was the only major title for Lindstrom, later known as Murle Breer.

Defending champion Mickey Wright was a co-leader after 36 holes, but fell back on Saturday morning in the third round and finished five strokes back in a tie for fourth. Wright had won three of the previous four years; she won her fourth U.S. Women's Open two years later in 1964. Jessen led after each of the first three rounds, but a final round 80 (+8) dropped her back.

Thirty professionals and eleven amateurs made the 36-hole cut at 166 (+22) or better; the low amateur was JoAnne Gunderson at 313 (+25), tied for fifteenth place.

JoAnne Carner
JoAnne Gunderson Carner (born April 4, 1939) is an American professional golfer. Her 43 victories on the LPGA Tour led to her induction in the World Golf Hall of Fame. She is the only woman to have won the U.S. Girls' Junior, U.S. Women's Amateur, and U.S. Women's Open titles, and was the first person to win three different USGA championship events. Tiger Woods is the only man to have won the equivalent three USGA titles. Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, and Carol Semple Thompson have also won three different USGA titles.
United States Cyber Command
United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States Department of Defense (DoD). It unifies the direction of cyberspace operations, strengthens DoD cyberspace capabilities, and integrates and bolsters DoD's cyber expertise which focus on securing cyberspace.

USCYBERCOM was established as a sub-unified command under United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) at the direction of Secretary of Defense  Robert Gates on 23 June 2009 at the National Security Agency (NSA) headquarters in Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. It cooperates with NSA networks and has been concurrently headed by the director of the NSA (DIRNSA) since its inception. While originally created with a defensive mission in mind, it has increasingly been viewed as an offensive force. On 18 August 2017, it was announced that USCYBERCOM would be elevated to the status of a full and independent unified combatant command.

Defense Information Systems Agency
The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), known as the Defense Communications Agency (DCA) until 1991, is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) combat support agency. It is composed of military, federal civilians, and contractors. DISA provides information technology (IT) and communications support to the president, vice president, secretary of defense, the Department of Defense, the combatant commands, and any individual or system contributing to the defense of the United States.
Dora Nelson (1939 film)
Dora Nelson is a 1939 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Soldati and starring Assia Noris, Carlo Ninchi and Luigi Cimara. It is a remake of the 1935 French film of the same title, which was based on a play by Louis Verneuil. The film was shot at Cinecittà in Rome, with several real employees of the studio appearing as themselves. It belongs to the movies of the calligrafismo style.

Calligrafismo
Calligrafismo (Italian: [kalligraˈfizmo]; lit. 'caligraphism') is an Italian style of filmmaking relating to some films made in Italy in the first half of the 1940s and endowed with an expressive complexity that isolates them from the general context. Calligrafismo is in a sharp contrast to Telefoni Bianchi-American style comedies and is rather artistic, highly formalistic, expressive in complexity, and deals mainly with contemporary literary material, above all the pieces of Italian realism from authors such as Corrado Alvaro, Ennio Flaiano, Emilio Cecchi, Francesco Pasinetti, Vitaliano Brancati, Mario Bonfantini, and Umberto Barbaro.
Naval General Service Medal (1847)
The Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) was a campaign medal approved in 1847, and issued to officers and men of the Royal Navy in 1849. The final date for submitting claims was 1 May 1851. Admiral Thomas Bladen Capel was one of the members of the board that authorised the medal.

The NGSM was awarded retrospectively for various naval actions during the period 1793–1840, a period that included the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and the Anglo-American War of 1812. Each battle or campaign covered by the medal was represented by a clasp on the ribbon. The medal was never issued without a clasp, 231 of which were sanctioned. The clasps covered a variety of actions, from boat service, ship to ship skirmishes, to major fleet actions such as the Battle of Trafalgar.

This medal and its army counterpart, the Military General Service Medal, were amongst the first real British campaign medals, issued to all ranks for serving in combat actions.

Thomas Bladen Capel
Admiral Sir Thomas Bladen Capel GCB (25 August 1776 – 4 March 1853) was a Royal Navy officer whose distinguished service in the French Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812 earned him rapid promotion and great acclaim both in and out of the Navy. He was also a great friend of Admiral Nelson and can be considered a full member of Nelson's band of brothers.
Minot, Maine
Minot is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,766 at the 2020 census. The town includes the villages of West Minot and Minot Center. It is part of both the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine, metropolitan statistical area and the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine, metropolitan New England city and town area.

Auburn, Maine
Auburn is a city in south-central Maine, within the United States. Settled in the foothills of the Western Lakes and Mountains region of the state, the city serves as the county seat of Androscoggin County. The population was 24,061 at the 2020 census. Auburn and its sister city Lewiston are known locally as the Twin Cities or Lewiston–Auburn (L–A).
1966 Carmarthen by-election
The 1966 Carmarthen by-election, was held in Carmarthen, Wales, on 14 July 1966. The contest was significant in that it resulted in the election of Gwynfor Evans, the first ever Plaid Cymru member of parliament. Plaid Cymru's victory in the Carmarthen constituency, a seminal moment for Welsh nationalism, was part of a wider process toward Welsh devolution which eventually led to the establishment of the Welsh Assembly in 1999.

The election was caused by the death of Labour Party member of parliament Megan Lloyd George.

Sensing rising nationalist feeling in Wales,  to fight the election Labour selected Gwilym Davies, a Welsh-speaking solicitor who was an active supporter of the Welsh language and had previously been a member of Plaid Cymru.

Gwynfor Evans's surprise win is credited with laying the foundations for Winnie Ewing's victory for the Scottish National Party at the 1967 Hamilton by-election, an event of equal significance for Scottish nationalism.

Gwynfor Evans
Gwynfor Richard Evans (1 September 1912 – 21 April 2005) was a Welsh politician, lawyer and author. He was President of the Welsh political party Plaid Cymru for thirty-six years and was the first member of Parliament to represent it at Westminster, which he did twice, from 1966 to 1970, and again from 1974 to 1979.

On entering the House of Commons, he famously failed in his attempt to obtain permission to take the oath in the Welsh language. He was the first MP to attempt to do so, but the right to take the oath in any of the UK's non-English native languages was not granted until 1974. His most notable achievement was his successful campaign for the creation of a Welsh-language television channel.
Boediono
Boediono (EYD: Budiono, pronounced [budiˈjono] ⓘ; born 25 February 1943) is an Indonesian politician and economist who served as the 11th vice president of Indonesia from 2009 to 2014. He became vice president after winning the 2009 presidential election together with the then-incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Before this, he had been the Governor of the Indonesian Central Bank and a professor of economics at Gadjah Mada University.

Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
The Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies (BIES) is a peer-reviewed academic journal produced at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra.  It publishes articles and notes about the Indonesian economy. The BIES has been published three times each year since the first issue was produced in 1965.

The current editors are Firman Kartaadipoetra (ANU), Arianto Patunru (ANU), Robert Sparrow (Wageningen University and ANU), and Sarah Xue Dong (ANU).
Comrade in America
Comrade in America (abbreviated as CIA) is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language action adventure film directed by Amal Neerad, starring Dulquer Salmaan and Karthika Muralidharan in the lead roles. The music is composed by Gopi Sundar, and Renadive handles the cinematography. The film released on 5 May 2017, also the birth date of Karl Marx. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics and became a box office success. The film revolves around the travel of Aji (Dulquer Salmaan), a communist from Kerala who travels to the United States illegally (a "donkey flight") via Latin America and the Mexican border to get to his girlfriend Sarah (Karthika Muralidharan) in time before she is forced to marry another person.

Amal Neerad
Amal Neerad ISC (born 13 February 1978) is an Indian film director, cinematographer and producer who mainly works in Malayalam cinema. He attended the Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, Kolkata (first batch). He was awarded the National Film Award for Best Cinematography (special mention) in 2001 for his diploma film Meena Jha (short feature section).

He started his career shooting music videos, documentaries and advertising. It was his diploma film that brought him to the attention of Ram Gopal Varma and his team. Amal Neerad moved into Hindi cinema with three back to back films; James (2005), Darna Zaroori Hai (2006) and Shiva (2006). In 2004, he also shot the Malayalam film Black starring Mammootty.
Augustus Burke Shepherd
Augustus Burke Shepherd FRCP (1839–1885) was a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians who later became the dean of St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. Shepherd graduated from Brasenose College, Oxford with a B. Med. in 1865. He then became a doctor at St. Mary's, and was notable for delivering the Goulstonian Lectures in 1876. His parents lived in St. Leonard's on Sea. He married Amelia Staines (later Amelia Jackson). Shepherd had a tendency to drink too much and died at the age of 46.

Amelia Jackson
Amelia Jackson (née Staines, formerly Shepherd; 1842 – 1925) was an accomplished musician and the wife of Rector W. W. Jackson of Exeter College, Oxford. Her bequest to the college enabled the creation of a fund to provide graduate scholarships and financial aid to students.
Ice Castles
Ice Castles is a 1978 American romantic drama film directed by Donald Wrye and starring Lynn-Holly Johnson and Robby Benson. It is the story of Lexie Winston, a young figure skater, and her rise and fall from super stardom. Tragedy strikes when, following a freak accident, Lexie loses her sight, leaving her to hide away in the privacy of her own despair. She eventually perseveres and begins competing in figure skating again.

The work was filmed on location in Colorado and Minnesota. Its theme song "Through the Eyes of Love", performed by Melissa Manchester, was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 52nd Academy Awards.

A remake, also directed by Wrye, was released direct to video in 2010.

Through the Eyes of Love
"Through the Eyes of Love (Theme from Ice Castles)" (sometimes incorrectly referred to as "Looking Through the Eyes of Love"), is an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award-nominated ballad performed by American singer Melissa Manchester, from the soundtrack of the 1978 film Ice Castles.
Lisa Astle
Lisa Marie Astle (born 17 May 1973) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter. She appeared in a single match for New Zealand, at the 1993 World Cup. She played domestic cricket for Canterbury.

Astle was born in Christchurch. Her only international appearance came at the 1993 World Cup in England, aged 20, when she played against Denmark. She neither batted nor bowled in the match. Astle's brother, Nathan Astle, also played internationally, and she is married to Robbie Frew, who played first-class cricket for Canterbury.

Canterbury Magicians
The Canterbury Magicians is the women's representative cricket team for the New Zealand region of Canterbury. They play their home games at Hagley Oval, Christchurch. They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield  one-day competition and the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are the most successful side in the history of the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield, with 39 title wins.
Johannus
Johannus Orgelbouw is a Dutch builder of electronic organs for home and church use, located in Ede, Netherlands. The organ manufacturer was founded in 1968 by Johannes (Hans) Versteegt (1928–2011), who had previously designed electronic organs for Eminent and Viscount. The Johannus prototypes were developed in the facility at Prins Hendriklaan in Ede.

Ede, Netherlands
Ede (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːdə] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. As of 22 November 2024, municipality had  123,532 inhabitants, and as of 1 January 2023 the city had 79,435 inhabitants .
Haile Parish Church
Haile Parish Church is near Haile, Cumbria, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Calder, and the diocese of Carlisle. Its benefice is Egremont with Bigrigg & Haile. The church is a grade 2 listed building.

Haile, Cumbria
Haile is a small village and civil parish in Cumberland district, in the county of Cumbria, England. It had a population of 617 at the 2011 census.

Nearby settlements include the town of Egremont and the villages of Thornhill and Beckermet. For transport there is the A595 road nearby. The village stands high, and is exposed to the west winds. The parish is situated near the River Ellen, and comprised the townships of Hale and Wilton.
Snellville, Georgia
Snellville is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, United States, east of Atlanta.  Its population was 20,573 at the 2020 census.  It is a developed suburb of Atlanta and a part of the Atlanta metropolitan area, and is located roughly 33 miles east of downtown Atlanta via US 78 and Interstate 285.

Gwinnett County, Georgia
Gwinnett County (/ɡwɪˈnɛt/ gwih-NET) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a core county of Metro Atlanta, being located about 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Atlanta city limits. In 2020, the population was 957,062, making it the second-most populous county in Georgia (after Fulton County). Its county seat is Lawrenceville. The county is named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence.

Gwinnett County is the most ethnically diverse county in Georgia, with significant populations of Black, Hispanic, and Asian residents. As of the 2020 Census, no ethnicity constitutes more than a third of its population.
The Ballad of Narayama (1983 film)
The Ballad of Narayama (楢山節考, Narayama Bushikō) is a 1983 Japanese film by director Shōhei Imamura. It stars Sumiko Sakamoto as Orin, Ken Ogata, and Shoichi Ozawa. It is an adaptation of the book Narayama bushikō by Shichirō Fukazawa, which had previously been adapted for a 1958 film directed by Keisuke Kinoshita. Both films explore the legendary practice of ubasute, in which elderly people were carried to a mountain and abandoned to die. Imamura's film won the Palme d'Or at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival.

Shichirō Fukazawa
Shichirō Fukazawa (深沢 七郎, Fukazawa Shichirō; January 29, 1914 – August 18, 1987) was a Japanese author and guitarist whose 1960 short story Fūryū mutan ("Tale of an Elegant Dream") caused a nationwide uproar and led to an attempt by an ultranationalist to assassinate the president of the magazine that published it.
Kamchatka (film)
Kamchatka is a 2002 historical drama film directed by Marcelo Piñeyro and written by Piñeyro and Marcelo Figueras. It stars Ricardo Darín, Cecilia Roth, Tomás Fonzi, Héctor Alterio and Leticia Bredice.

The story is set in Argentina in the mid-1970s, during the country's last civil-military dictatorship, and chronicles the life of a family hiding from the military government in rural Argentina. Kamchatka was Argentina's official submission for the 2002 Oscar Awards in the foreign language film category.

Ricardo Darín
Ricardo Alberto Darín (born 16 January 1957) is an Argentine actor, film director and film producer, considered one of the best and most prolific actors of Argentine cinema.

Considered one of the greatest and most acclaimed movie stars of his country, he played several parts in TV series for several years where he became popular as a young leading actor. His most prominent roles as a film actor include Nine Queens (2000), Son of the Bride (2001), Moon of Avellaneda (2004), The Aura (2005) and The Signal (2007), which was also his directorial debut.

He starred in the Academy Award winning film for Best Foreign Picture The Secret in Their Eyes (2009). In 2011, the Konex Foundation bestowed upon him their Diamond Award, one of the most prestigious awards in Argentina, for being the most important personality in entertainment in the last decade in his country. In 2015, he received the Goya Award for Best Actor for the film Truman.
The Immortals (Hickman novel)
The Immortals is a 1996 science fiction novel by American writer Tracy Hickman, originally published in hardcover by Roc. The novel describes a future America in which a virus similar to AIDS has panicked the U.S. government into setting up internment camps to contain the sufferers. The AIDS-like disease serves as backdrop and plot device to examine human relationships in circumstances of extreme duress.

Tracy Hickman
Tracy Raye Hickman (born November 26, 1955) is an American fantasy author and designer of games and virtual reality (VR) experiences. He co-authored the original Dragonlance novels with Margaret Weis as well as numerous other books. He also designed and created role playing game material while working for TSR and has cowritten novels with his wife, Laura Hickman. He is the author or co-author of over 60 books.
The Remains of the Day (film)
The Remains of the Day is a 1993 drama film adapted from the Booker Prize–winning 1989 novel by Kazuo Ishiguro. The film was directed by James Ivory, produced by Ismail Merchant, Mike Nichols, and John Calley and adapted by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. It stars Anthony Hopkins as James Stevens and Emma Thompson as Miss Kenton, with James Fox, Christopher Reeve, Hugh Grant, Ben Chaplin, and Lena Headey in supporting roles.

The film was a critical and box office success and it was nominated for eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor (Hopkins), Best Actress (Thompson) and Best Adapted Screenplay (Jhabvala). In 1999, the British Film Institute ranked The Remains of the Day the 64th-greatest British film of the 20th century.

Ben Chaplin
Benedict John Greenwood (born 31 July 1969), better known as Ben Chaplin, is a British actor. He is best known for his roles in films, including Feast of July (1995), The Thin Red Line (1998), Lost Souls (2000), Birthday Girl (2001), Murder by Numbers (2002), Stage Beauty (2004), The New World (2005), Me and Orson Welles (2008), London Boulevard (2010), Twixt (2011), The Wipers Times (2013),War Book (2014), Snowden (2016), and September 5 (2024). His TV roles include Soldier Soldier (1991), World Without End (2012) and The Nevers (2021–2023).
G.I. Joe (comic books)
G.I. Joe has been the title of comic book licensed  by Hasbro, G.I. Joe from 1967 to present, with only two interruptions longer than a year (1977–1981, 1997–2000). As a team fighting Cobra since 1982, the comic book history of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero has been covered by three separate publishers and four main-title series, all of which have been based on the Hasbro toy line of the same name.

The first series was produced by Marvel Comics between 1982 and 1994, running for 155 issues, and spawning several spin-off titles throughout the course of its run; the second and third series, published by Devil's Due Productions from 2001 to 2008, totaled 80 issues and included several spin-off titles as well. The fourth series has been published by IDW Publishing since October 2008, and various spin-off titles have also been launched.

Larry Hama
Larry Hama (/ˈhɑːmə/; born June 7, 1949) is an American comic book writer, artist, actor, and musician who has worked in the fields of entertainment and publishing since the 1960s.

During the 1970s, he was seen in minor roles on the TV shows M*A*S*H and Saturday Night Live, and appeared on Broadway in two roles in the original 1976 production of Stephen Sondheim's Pacific Overtures.

He is best known to American comic book readers as a writer and editor for Marvel Comics, where he wrote the licensed comic book series G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, based on the Hasbro toyline. He has also written for the series Wolverine, Nth Man: The Ultimate Ninja, and Elektra. He co-created the character Bucky O'Hare with Michael Golden, which was developed into a comic book, a toy line and television cartoon.

In October 2024, Hama was inducted into the Harvey Awards Hall of Fame.