hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Charron
Joseph Léo Charron C.PP.S. is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Charron served as bishop of the Diocese of Des Moines in Iowa from 1994 to 2007 and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis in Minnesota from 1990 to 1994. He is a member of the Missionaries of the Precious Blood.

Diocese of Des Moines
The Diocese of Des Moines (Latin: Diœcesis Desmoinensis) is a Catholic diocese in southwestern Iowa in the United States. It is a suffragan see in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral is St. Ambrose in Des Moines. William Joensen is bishop.
Gangubai Kothewali
Gangubai Harjeevandas (1907 – 8 September 1977), better known as Gangubai Kothewali or Gangubai Kathiawadi, was an Indian social activist, sex worker and madam of a brothel in the Kamathipura area of Mumbai during the 1960s. Gangubai worked for the rights of sex workers and for the well-being of orphans. She gradually ended up operating her own brothel and is known to also have lobbied for the rights of commercial sex workers.

Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, often called a pimp if male, or a madam if female, (though the term "pimp" is often used for female procurers as well) or a brothel keeper, is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing and possibly monopolizing a location where the prostitute may solicit clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.

Examples of procuring include: helping to support trafficking a person into a country for the purpose of soliciting sex; operating a business where prostitution occurs; transporting a prostitute to the location of their arrangement; and deriving financial gain from the prostitution of another.
Anthropos (journal)
Anthropos is a biannual multilingual peer-reviewed academic journal covering anthropology, ethnology, and linguistics research. It was established in 1906 by Wilhelm Schmidt.

Originally intended to publish research by Catholic missionaries, the journal quickly became one of the most influential publications in the fields of ethnology and anthropology, while maintaining its religious study origins. In 1931 Schmidt, Martin Gusinde, Paul Schebesta, and Wilhelm Koppers founded the Anthropos Institute, which became the journal's publisher.

Paul Schebesta
Paul Schebesta (20 March 1887 – 17 September 1967) was a Polish Catholic missionary, ethnographer, linguist and anthropologist. He was a member of the Society of the Divine Word. He is known for his studies on pygmy peoples and was one of the leading authorities on the subject.
Aleksandr Eiduk
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Eiduk (Russian: Александр Владимирович Эйдук, Latvian: Aleksandrs Eiduks, 1886–1938) was a Soviet Cheka operative and poet of Latvian ethnicity. During the Great Purge, Eiduk was arrested and shot as a part of the so-called "Latvian Operation" by the NKVD on August 28, 1938. He was rehabilitated in 1956.

Latvian Operation of the NKVD
The Latvian Operation (Russian: «Латышская операция», Latvian: „Latviešu operācija”) was a national operation of the NKVD against ethnic Latvians, Latvian nationals and persons otherwise affiliated with Latvia and/or Latvians in the Soviet Union from 1937 to 1938 during the period of the Great Purge.
Omitted-variable bias
In statistics, omitted-variable bias (OVB) occurs when a statistical model leaves out one or more relevant variables. The bias results in the model attributing the effect of the missing variables to those that were included.

More specifically, OVB is the bias that appears in the estimates of parameters in a regression analysis, when the assumed specification is incorrect in that it omits an independent variable that is a determinant of the dependent variable and correlated with one or more of the included independent variables.

Statistical model specification
In statistics, model specification is part of the process of building a statistical model: specification consists of selecting an appropriate functional form for the model and choosing which variables to include. For example, given personal income  together with years of schooling  and on-the-job experience , we might specify a functional relationship  as follows:

where  is the unexplained error term that is supposed to comprise independent and identically distributed Gaussian variables.

The statistician Sir David Cox has said, "How [the] translation from subject-matter problem to statistical model is done is often the most critical part of an analysis".
Rianila River
Rianila is a river in the Atsinanana region in eastern Madagascar. It flows down from the central highlands to flow into the Indian Ocean south of Brickaville at Andevoranto.  Its largest tributary is the Rongaronga, which joins it near Brickaville as well as the  Iaroka and Vohitra Rivers.

The river was previously called the Iharoka River by Western explorers (and the Jark River in a few sources).

Atsinanana
Atsinanana is a coastal region in eastern Madagascar. It borders Analanjirofo region in the north, Alaotra-Mangoro in the west, Vakinankaratra and Amoron'i Mania in the southwest, and Vatovavy in the south. The region contains over 285km of coastline, which includes many beaches and cultural heritage sites.

Atsinanana is known for its fish breeding and fishing near its ports, ore claims and mining activity, as well as its agriculture.

The capital of the region is Toamasina, and the population was 1,484,403 in 2018. The area of Atsinanana is 21,934 km2 (8,469 sq mi), almost exactly the same as its neighbor, Analanjirofo.

The current governor of Atsinanana is Richard Théodore Rafidison.
Palazzo Salimbeni
Palazzo Salimbeni is a Gothic style urban palace located on the Piazza Salimbeni, just off Via Banchi di Sopra in the Terzo di Camollia of the city of Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. The building, associated with an ancient mercantile family of Siena, currently houses the main offices of the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, the oldest bank in the world.

Piazza Salimbeni
The Piazza Salimbeni is a prominent square in central Siena, Region of Tuscany, Italy. It is notable for still housing the offices of one of the first banking houses in Europe, the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena. It is surrounded clockwise starting from north by the following palaces:

Palazzo Tantucci

Palazzo Salimbeni

Palazzo Spannocchi

The palace facades were harmonized to a neo-gothic-style during the nineteenth century by the architect Giuseppe Partini. In the center of the square is the statue of Sallustio Bandini, a Sienese priest and one of the first Italian economists, sculpted by Tito Sarrocchi (1882).
Per Nielsen (musician)
Per Nielsen (born 1 June 1954) is a popular Danish trumpet player.

Nielsen has released several albums that have sold around 400,000 copies, including three albums that have been certified platinum and nine albums certified as gold. His debut release on 23 May 1987, called Trumpet Concertos, has been re-released several times.

Nielsen was born in Sønderborg. In addition to his solo career and his tours, he has been a member and main trumpeter of Sønderjyllands Symfoniorkester (the South Jutland Symphony Orchestra).

Sønderborg
Sønderborg (Danish pronunciation: [ˈsønɐˌpɒˀ]; German: Sonderburg [ˈzɔndɐbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a Danish town in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Sønderborg Municipality (Kommune). The town has a population of 28,333 (1 January 2025), in a municipality of 74,096. In recent times, Sønderborg is a center for trade, tourism, industry, and education in the region of Southern Denmark. The town is the headquarters for several industrial companies. Sønderborg joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Monroe County School District (Florida)
Monroe County School District is a public school district serving the residents of Monroe County, Florida. The district's administrative offices are headquartered in Key West, Florida, United States, with school sites located throughout the Florida Keys from Key West to Key Largo. The district provides educational services for students enrolled in Pre-Kindergarten through 12th grade and educational opportunities for adult learners enrolled through adult education programs.

The Monroe County School Board oversees the general management of the district and is responsible for appointing a Superintendent of Schools to head the district's administrative departments. Mark T. Porter has served as the Superintendent of Schools since August 1, 2012 until August 1, 2020.

The school district's territory is the entire county.

Monroe County, Florida
Monroe County is the southernmost county of the state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 82,874. Its county seat is Key West. Monroe County includes the islands of the Florida Keys and comprises the Key West-Key Largo Micropolitan Statistical Area. Over 99.9% of the county's population lives on the Florida Keys. The mainland, which is part of the Everglades, comprises 87% of the county's land area and is virtually uninhabited with only 17 people recorded in the 2020 census.
Ravenscroft School, Somerset
Ravenscroft School (founded 1931 at Yelverton, Devon, and until 1978 known as Ravenscroft Preparatory School) was an independent day and boarding school, initially for boys only, but from 1964 co-educational. From 1945 onwards its premises were in Somerset, England. It closed in July 1996, when most staff and pupils transferred to the new Farleigh College.

Hugh Wardell-Yerburgh
Hugh Arthur Wardell-Yerburgh (11 January 1938 – 28 January 1970) was a British schoolmaster and rower. He won a silver medal in the coxless fours event at the 1964 Summer Olympics, together with John Russell, William Barry and John James.
French flûte Espérance (1781)
Espérance (French pronunciation: [ɛspeʁɑ̃s] ⓘ) was a Rhône-class flûte of the French Navy, launched in 1781 and later reclassified as a frigate. She earned fame as one of the ships of Bruni d'Entrecasteaux's expedition. The Australian town of Esperance and Esperance Bay in Western Australia were named after her. She was sold for breaking up in 1794.

Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse
Chef d'escadre Jean François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (French: [lapeʁuz]; 23 August 1741 – c. 1788) was a French Navy officer and explorer. Having enlisted in the Navy at the age of 15, he had a successful career and in 1785 was appointed to lead a scientific expedition around the world. His ships stopped in Chile, Hawaii, Alaska, California, Macau, the Philippines, Korea, Russia, Japan, Samoa, Tonga, and Australia before wrecking on the reefs of Vanikoro in the Solomon Islands.
Jesse Carere
Jesse Carere (born June 6, 1993) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for playing Ofe, a recurring character in the MTV series Finding Carter. He is also known for his role as Adam Jones in the Netflix / City series Between. Carere also played Chris Collins in the MTV version of Skins and has appeared in various independent films.

Between (TV series)
Between is a Canadian science fiction drama television series which debuted on Citytv on May 21, 2015. Created by Michael McGowan, the series stars Jennette McCurdy as Wiley Day, a pregnant teenage daughter of a minister living in the small town of Pretty Lake, which is coping with a mysterious disease that has killed everybody age 22 and older.

The series is a co-production between Citytv and Netflix, which distributes the series outside Canada as a Netflix Original Series. The series was renewed for a second season on July 8, 2015, which premiered on June 30, 2016. Though the series was never officially cancelled, no news has been released about the series since the last episode of the second season aired on August 4, 2016.
Ink
Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen, brush, reed pen, or quill. Thicker inks, in paste form, are used extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing.

Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescents, and other materials. The components of inks serve multiple purposes; the ink's carrier, colorants, and other additives affect the flow and thickness of the ink and its dry appearance.

Pen
A pen is a common writing instrument that applies ink to a surface, typically paper, for writing or drawing. Early pens such as reed pens, quill pens, dip pens and ruling pens held a small amount of ink on a nib or in a small void or cavity that had to be periodically recharged by dipping the tip of the pen into an inkwell. 
Today, such pens find only a small number of specialized uses, such as in illustration and calligraphy. Reed pens, quill pens and dip pens, which were used for writing, have been replaced by ballpoint pens, rollerball pens, fountain pens and felt or ceramic tip pens.

Ruling pens, which were used for technical drawing and cartography, have been replaced by technical pens such as the Rapidograph. All of these modern pens contain internal ink reservoirs, such that they do not need to be dipped in ink while writing.
Helmut Haller
Helmut Haller (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛlmuːt ˈhalɐ]; 21 July 1939 – 11 October 2012) was a German footballer who played as a forward. At international level, he represented West Germany at three World Cups. At club level, he played in both Germany and Italy, and won Italian league titles with Bologna and Juventus.

BC Augsburg
BC Augsburg was a German football club based in Augsburg, Bavaria. The team was founded as Fußball-Club Allemannia Augsburg in 1907 and played as Ballspiel-Club Augsburg from 1921 to 1969. Facing imminent financial collapse, BC merged with the football side of TSV Schwaben Augsburg in July 1969 to form FC Augsburg. The union was short-lived and Schwaben re-established its own football department the following year. FCA remains active today and carries on the tradition of the original side.
Mary Cassatt
Mary Stevenson Cassatt (/kəˈsæt/; May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. She was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh's North Side), but lived much of her adult life in France, where she befriended Edgar Degas and exhibited with the Impressionists. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children.

She was described by Gustave Geffroy as one of "les trois grandes dames" (the three great ladies) of Impressionism alongside Marie Bracquemond and Berthe Morisot. In 1879,  Diego Martelli compared her to Degas, as they both sought to depict movement, light, and design in the most modern sense. She also played an important role in introducing Impressionism to American collectors, notably through her friendship with the Havemeyer family.

North Side (Pittsburgh)
The North Side (sometimes written as Northside) is the region of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, located to the north of the Allegheny River and the Ohio River.

The North Side is made up of the following neighborhoods: Allegheny Center, Allegheny West, Brighton Heights, California-Kirkbride, Central Northside, Chateau, East Allegheny, Fineview, Manchester, Marshall-Shadeland, North Shore, Northview Heights, Perry North, Perry South, Spring Garden, Spring Hill–City View, Summer Hill, and Troy Hill.
Lakemont, Pennsylvania
Lakemont is a census-designated place in Allegheny and Logan Townships in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States.  It is located to the east of I-99 and is located between Altoona and Hollidaysburg. Lakemont is the location of Lakemont Park, although the address is generally Altoona and part of the "Lakemont" area actually lies within the Altoona city boundaries. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,868 residents.

Logan Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania
Logan Township is a township in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Altoona, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the most populous township in Blair County, with a population of 12,413 at the 2020 census. Logan Township is home to Horseshoe Curve, a National Historic Landmark.
Chronicle of Avraamka
The Chronicle of Avraamka (also known as Vilnius Manuscript) is a collection of Rus' chronicles compiled in 1495 by the scribe Avraamka (also rendered Abraham) at the instruction of Bishop Joseph of Smolensk. Written in the Chancery Slavonic language used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the compilation preserves texts from various periods.  The final section — frequently studied and published separately — is commonly referred to as the Vilnius Chronicle. The work is often regarded as one of the oldest surviving chronicle compiled in Lithuania.

Rus' chronicles
The Rus' chronicles, or Russian chronicles,: 51  was the primary Rus' historical literature. Chronicles were composed from the 11th to the 18th centuries.

Chronicles were the main historical narrative until the mid-16th century (the reign of Ivan the Terrible), when they were superseded by chronographs.
Sandcastle (film)
Sandcastle is a 2010 feature film by Singaporean director Boo Junfeng.  It was the first Singaporean film to be screened at the Critics' Week at the Cannes Film Festival. It won Best Feature Film and Best Director at the 1st Hanoi International Film Festival.

1st Hanoi International Film Festival
The 1st Hanoi International Film Festival, originally known as 1st Vietnam International Film Festival, opened on October 17 and closed on October 21, 2010 at Vietnam National Convention Center, with the slogan "All together make dreams come true" (Vietnamese: "Tất cả cùng nhau biến ước mơ thành hiện thực").

From more than 90 films submitted, the Organizing Committee selected 67 films from 23 countries to attend with a full range of film genres such as: socio-psychological films, action comedies, animated films, historical films and documentaries.

This is one of the activities to celebrate the 1000 Years of Thăng Long - Hanoi. The festival aims to honor Asian cinema, promote cultural exchanges and foster further development cooperation between regional and international filmmakers through the showcase of the latest films by talented directors, especially the ones from Southeast Asian countries.
Bletting
Bletting is a process of softening that certain fleshy fruits undergo, beyond ripening.

There are some fruits that are either sweeter after some bletting, such as sea buckthorn, or for which most varieties can be eaten raw only after bletting, such as medlars, persimmons, quince, service tree fruit, and wild service tree fruit (popularly known as chequers). The rowan or mountain ash fruit must be bletted and cooked to be edible, to break down the toxic parasorbic acid (hexenollactone) into sorbic acid.

Torminalis
Torminalis is a genus of plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. The genus was formerly included within the genus Sorbus as the section Torminaria, but the simple-leafed species traditionally classified in Sorbus are now considered to form a separate monophyletic group. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Torminalis glaberrima, commonly known as wild service tree, chequers, and checker tree. This tree is native to Europe, parts of northern Africa and western Asia.
Cie. toula limnaios
The Cie. toula limnaios is a Berlin-based contemporary dance company founded by the choreographer Toula Limnaios and the composer Ralf R. Ollertz in 1996. The company was originally headquartered in Brussels and later moved to Berlin.

Ralf R. Ollertz
Ralf R. Ollertz  (born 1964) is a German composer and, along with Toula Limnaios, an artistic director of Halle Tanzbühne Berlin and cie. toula limnaios, a contemporary dance company they founded together in 1996 in Brussels.
Merry Pemberton
Merry Pemberton, also known as Gimmick Girl and Merry, Girl of 1000 Gimmicks is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. She is the adoptive sister of Sylvester Pemberton. Merry Pemberton first appeared in Star-Spangled Comics #81 in June 1948, and ran through #90 (March 1949). She was created by writer Otto Binder.

Otto Binder
Otto Oscar Binder (/ˈbɪndər/; August 26, 1911 – October 13, 1974) was an American author of science fiction and non-fiction books and stories, and comic books. He is best known as the co-creator of Supergirl and for his many scripts for Captain Marvel Adventures and other stories involving the entire superhero Marvel Family. He was prolific in the comic book field and is credited with writing over 4,400 stories across a variety of publishers under his own name, as well as more than 160 stories under the pen-name Eando Binder.
Phra Pok Klao Bridge
Phra Pok Klao Bridge (Thai: สะพานพระปกเกล้า, RTGS: Saphan Phra Pokklao, pronounced [sā.pʰāːn pʰráʔ pòk.klâːw]) is a bridge crossing the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok, Thailand. It connects Phra Nakhon district's Wang Burapha Phirom and Samphanthawong district's Chakkrawat on the North end with Khlong San district's Somdet Chao Phraya as well as Thon Buri district's Wat Kanlaya on the south end. The bridge is the location of Chao Phraya Sky Park, The first sky park in Southeast Asia

Wat Kanlaya subdistrict
Wat Kanlaya (Thai: วัดกัลยาณ์, pronounced [wát kān.lā.jāː]) is a khwaeng (sub-district) of Thon Buri District, Bangkok's Thonburi side, regarded as the northeast area of the district adjacent to the Chao Phraya River's west side.
Sam Dees
Sam Dees (born December 17, 1945) is an American soul singer, songwriter and record producer. He has released several albums throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and the 1990s; as a composer, he has written hundreds of songs for many music artists.

The Manhattans
The Manhattans are an American R&B vocal group. Their songs "Kiss and Say Goodbye", recorded in 1976, and 1980's "Shining Star", both sold millions of copies. The Manhattans have recorded 45 hits on the Billboard R&B Chart, including twelve top-10 R&B hits in the United States, starting in 1965. Sixteen of their songs have reached the Billboard Hot 100, including two top 10s and a number-one hit with their song "Kiss and Say Goodbye". They also charted eight U.S. R&B top 20 Albums, three of which were RIAA certified gold. The Manhattans were inducted into The Atlantic City Walk of Fame in September 2024.
2026 Dubai Tennis Championships – Men's singles
Daniil Medvedev won the men's singles tennis title at the 2026 Dubai Tennis Championships after Tallon Griekspoor withdrew from the final due to a left-hamstring injury. It was Medvedev's 23rd ATP Tour title, second title in Dubai (after 2023) and marked the first time he won a second title at the same tournament. This was the first ATP Tour singles final since 2017 to end in a walkover, and the seventh such instance overall since 1990.

Stefanos Tsitsipas was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Ugo Humbert.

Jan-Lennard Struff
Jan-Lennard Struff (German pronunciation: [ʃtʁʊf]; born 25 April 1990) is a German professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 21, achieved on 19 June 2023. He also reached a best doubles ranking of No. 21 on 22 October 2018. He is currently the No. 3 German singles player.

Struff became the third oldest first-time ATP champion (since the inception of the ATP Tour in 1990) in 2024 at the age of 33, when he won his first ATP singles title by beating third seeded Taylor Fritz in straight sets in the final of the BMW Open.