hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eastern Counties Railway
The Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) was an English railway company incorporated in 1836 intended to link London with Ipswich via Colchester, and then extend to Norwich and Yarmouth.

Construction began in 1837 on the first 9 miles (14 km) at the London end. Construction was beset by engineering and other problems, leading to severe financial difficulties. As a result, the project was truncated at Colchester in 1843 but through a series of acquisitions (including the Eastern Union Railway who completed the link between Colchester and Norwich) and opening of other lines, the ECR became the largest of the East Anglian railways.

In 1862 ECR was merged with a number of other companies to form the Great Eastern Railway.

Bissel truck
A Bissell or Bissel truck (also Bissel bogie or pony truck) is a single-axle bogie which pivots towards the centre of a steam locomotive to enable it to negotiate curves more easily.  Invented in 1857 by Levi Bissell and usually then known as a pony truck, it is a very simple and common means of designing a carrying wheel.
Jibrail Kassab
Jibrail Kassab (born 5 August 1938) was a bishop of the Chaldean Catholic Church who presided over the Eparchy of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Sydney in Australia. He was the bishop of this diocese since its inception on 21 October 2006 until his retirement in 2015.  His bishopric was based at St Thomas the Apostle Chaldean Catholic Church, Bossley Park, New South Wales.

Kassab was born in Tel Keppe, Iraq, to an Assyrian family. He was ordained a priest on 19 January 1961. Following 35 years of service in the priesthood, he was elevated to the episcopate by the then Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans, Mar Raphael I Bidawid. Upon his installation, his first post was to serve as archbishop of the  Archeparchy of Basra.

Following the difficult plight of Iraq's Chaldean Christians during the Iraq War, Pope Benedict XVI transferred Kassab to a safer area and created a diocese in Sydney that would cover all of Australia and New Zealand; he installed Kassab as its head prelate.

Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Basra
The Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy (or Archdiocese) of Basra (or Bassorah) is a non-metropolitan Archeparchy (Eastern Catholic archdiocese) of the Chaldean Catholic Church (Syro-Oriental Rite, Syriac or Aramaic language) in southern Iraq.

It is subject to the Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylon, without suffragan.

Its cathedral episcopal see Cathedral of Our Lady, is in Al Basrah.
Bostian Heights, North Carolina
Bostian Heights is an unincorporated community in Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located on North Carolina Highway 152, 3.3 miles (5.3 km) east of China Grove.

The John Stigerwalt House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located near Bostian Heights.

Rowan County, North Carolina
Rowan County (/roʊˈæn/ roh-AN), officially the County of Rowan, is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 146,875.  Its county seat, Salisbury, is the oldest continuously populated European-American town in the western half of North Carolina. Rowan County is located northeast of Charlotte, and is considered part of the Charlotte metropolitan area.

Established in 1753 from the upper part of Anson County, it was named after acting North Carolina governor Matthew Rowan. Originally a vast territory with unlimited western boundaries, Rowan County was reduced in size to 524 square miles (1,360 km2) after several counties were formed from it in the 18th and 19th centuries.
China National Highway 316
China National Highway 316 (G316) runs from Fuzhou in Fujian to Lanzhou in Gansu, via Nanchang (in Jiangxi) and Wuhan (in Hubei). It is 2915 kilometres in length. The highway crosses the provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Fujian.

In Gansu, from Lanzhou to the junction at Huichuan Town (in Weiyuan County, Gansu, 35 or so km south of Lintao), G316 also doubles as China National Highway 212. On much of this section (Lanzhou to Lintao) it has been converted to an expressway, designated G75 (the Linhai Expressway).

In southeast Hubei (from Ezhou to the junction along the Jiangxi border), the G316 doubles as China National Highway 106.

Weiyuan County, Gansu
Weiyuan County is a county in Gansu province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Dingxi. Its postal code is 748200, and its population in 2018 was 345,000 people.

The county is named for being where the source of the Wei River is located.

Potatoes and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Codonopsis, Angelica, Rhododendron and Astragalus form an important part of agricultural output. Furthermore, 485 kinds of wild Chinese herbal medicines are harvested.

Weiyuan has a long history with 49 ancient cultural sites in the county, including neolithic sites, a Ming Dynasty wooden bridge, and a section of the Qin dynasty Great Wall.
Zaytoven
Xavier Lamar Dotson (born January 12, 1980), known professionally as Zaytoven, is an American record producer from Atlanta, Georgia. He has released collaborative projects with artists including Gucci Mane, Usher, Future, Young Dolph, Migos, Lecrae, Lil Yachty, Chief Keef, Young Scooter, B.o.B, Boosie Badazz, Waka Flocka Flame, 21 Savage, Deitrick Haddon and La Fève.

Zaytoven signed with Gucci Mane's 1017 Records as an in-house producer after producing the latter's 2005 single "Icy". He was credited on Usher's 2009 single "Papers", which peaked within the Billboard Hot 100's top 40.

1017 Records
1017 Global Music, LLC, also known as The New 1017 Records (formerly known as 1017 Brick Squad, So Icey Entertainment, and 1017 Eskimo, briefly GUWOP Enterprises), is an American record label founded by Gucci Mane in 2007. Its formation followed his departure from Mizay Entertainment and the dissolution of So Icey. The label has signed mainly Atlanta-based hip hop recording artists, such as Young Thug, Waka Flocka Flame, Pooh Shiesty and OJ da Juiceman, among others.
Russ Morgan
Russell Morgan (April 29, 1904 – August 7, 1969) was an American big band leader and arranger during the 1930s and 1940s. He was best known for being one of the composers of the song "You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You", with Larry Stock and James Cavanaugh, and was the first to record it in 1944.

In the early 2020s, he regained popularity due to some of his music being sampled by the Caretaker on his albums An Empty Bliss Beyond This World and Everywhere at the End of Time, the latter of which plays loops of progressively degraded big band music to portray Alzheimer's disease. Some of Morgan's songs sampled by the Caretaker include “Goodnight my Beautiful” (sampled in "Libet's Delay" and "Back There Benjamin"), "Moonlight and Shadows" (sampled in "Childishly Fresh Eyes"), and "Room with a View" (sampled in "My Heart Will Stop in Joy").

Forever and Ever (Franz Winkler and Malia Rosa song)
"Forever and Ever" is a popular song, from a German song, "Fliege mit mir in die Heimat" written by the Austrian songwriter Franz Winkler. It was adopted by the German Luftwaffe as their song during World War II.  The English lyrics were written by Malia Rosa in 1948.
It was originally recorded by Gracie Fields with Robert Farnon's Orchestra on 23 October 1948 and released on Decca F9031. Her version was subsequently released in the USA on London 362 and it charted briefly in 1949.
USS Mullinnix
USS Mullinnix (DD-944) was a Forrest Sherman-class destroyer of the United States Navy. She was named for Admiral Henry M. Mullinnix USN (1892–1943), who was killed in action during World War II, when the aircraft carrier USS Liscome Bay was torpedoed by the Japanese submarine I-175 and sank southwest of Butaritari Island on 24 November 1943.

Mullinnix was built by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation's Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, and launched by Mrs. Kathryn F. Mullinnix.

Mullinnix conducted patrol duty in the Caribbean during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, participated in the Gemini program recovery operations in March 1966, and served as plane guard for aircraft carriers on Yankee Station in the Tonkin Gulf, participated in Sea Dragon operations, patrolled on search and rescue duties, and carried out naval gunfire support missions during the Vietnam War.

Mullinix and her sister ship Edson appeared in The Twilight Zone episode "The Thirty-Fathom Grave."

USS Liscome Bay
USS Liscome Bay (ACV/CVE-56) was the second of fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers built to serve the United States Navy during World War II. Launched in April 1943 and commissioned the following August, she was named for Liscome Bay in Dall Island in the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska. On 24 November 1943, her munitions were catastrophically detonated by a torpedo attack by the Japanese submarine I-175 while she was acting as the flagship of Carrier Division 24, which was supporting operations on Makin. She quickly sank with the loss of 702 officers and sailors, including Doris Miller, the first black recipient of the Navy Cross and the namesake of the Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier Doris Miller.  Her loss is the deadliest sinking of a carrier in the history of the United States Navy.
Summertree
Summertree is a 1971 American drama film directed by Anthony Newley, about a young man who drops out of university, falls in love with an older married woman, and contemplates dodging the draft to avoid serving in the Vietnam War. The screenplay was written by Edward Hume and Stephen Yafa, based on the 1967 play of the same name by Ron Cowen.

Edward Hume
Edward Chalmers Hume (May 18, 1936 – July 13, 2023) was an American film and television writer, best known for creating and developing several TV series in the 1970s, and for writing the 1983 TV movie The Day After.
Siyaj Kʼakʼ
Siyaj Kʼakʼ (alternative spelling: Siyah Kʼakʼ), also known as Fire is Born (formerly nicknamed "Smoking Frog"), was a prominent political figure mentioned in the glyphs of Classic Period (250–800 CE) Maya civilization monuments, principally Tikal (which he conquered in January 378), as well as Uaxactun and the city of Copan. Epigraphers originally identified him by the nickname "Smoking Frog", a description of his name glyph, but later deciphered it as Siyaj Kʼakʼ, meaning "Fire is born". He is believed by some to have been the general of the Teotihuacano ruler Spearthrower Owl.

Mesoamerican chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Pre-classic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present).

The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region.
Liu Chao-shiuan
Liu Chao-shiuan (Chinese: 劉兆玄; pinyin: Liú Zhàoxuán; born 10 May 1943) is a Taiwanese chemist and politician. He is a former president of the National Tsing Hua University (1987–1993) and Soochow University (2004–2008) and a former Premier of the Republic of China (2008–2009).

National Tsing Hua University
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) is a national public research university in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Founded in Peking in 1911, it was re-established in Taiwan in 1956 following the Chinese Civil War.

The university is organized into twelve colleges, 26 departments, and 31 research institutes which collectively enroll more than 9,000 undergraduates and 9,000 graduate students. Its suburban campus neighbors the Hsinchu Science Park, a leading technology hub. As a member of the University System of Taiwan, it is affiliated with National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, National Central University and National Chengchi University.

The university's alumni include Nobel Prize laureates Yang Chen-Ning, Tsung-Dao Lee, and Yuan T. Lee.
Saw Hnaung of Sagaing
Saw Hnaung (Burmese: စောနှောင်း, pronounced [sɔ́ n̥áʊɴ]; also known as Kodawgyi) was the Chief queen consort of kings Saw Yun and Tarabya I of Sagaing. She was the mother of three kings of Sagaing: Kyaswa, Nawrahta Minye and Tarabya II, and the maternal grandmother of King Thado Minbya, the founder of Ava. She was also a paternal aunt of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava.

Tarabya I of Sagaing
Tarabya I (Burmese: တရဖျားကြီး, pronounced [təja̰pʰjá dʑí];1297–1339) was king of Sagaing from 1327 to 1335/36. He succeeded King Saw Yun, his maternal half-brother. In 1335/36, he was brought put under arrest by his own son Shwetaungtet. The deposed king managed to have Shwetaungtet killed in 1339 but he himself was killed by Chief Minister Nanda Pakyan.
16th Vermont Infantry Regiment
The 16th Vermont Infantry Regiment (or 16th VVI) was a nine months' infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the eastern theater, predominantly in the Defenses of Washington, from October 1862 to August 1863. It was a member of the 2nd Vermont Brigade.

Wheelock G. Veazey
Wheelock Graves Veazey (December 5, 1835 – March 22, 1898) was an American attorney, judge, and government official. Veazey served as a justice of the Vermont Supreme Court, and as a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission. During the American Civil War he received the United States military's highest decoration for bravery, the Medal of Honor.
2015 UCI Road World Championships – Women's junior road race
The Women's junior road race of the 2015 UCI Road World Championships took place in and around Richmond, Virginia, United States on September 25, 2015. The course of the race was 64.8 km (40.3 mi) with the start and finish in Richmond.

As they did in the time trial event, American duo Chloé Dygert and Emma White finished with the gold and silver medals respectively. Dygert won the race by 83 seconds over White, to become the first rider since Nicole Cooke in 2001 to win both junior titles in the same year. The podium was completed by Poland's Agnieszka Skalniak, a further five seconds in arrears.

Chloé Dygert
Chloé Dygert (/ˈkloʊ.iː ˈdaɪɡərt/ KLOH-ee DYE-ghərt; born January 1, 1997) is an American professional racing cyclist who  rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Canyon–SRAM Zondacrypto. She has won eight gold medals at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships and four medals (one gold, one silver, and two bronze) at the Olympic Games. She also won the Women's junior road race and Women's junior time trial at the 2015 UCI Road World Championships.
Simplicial volume
In the mathematical field of geometric topology, the simplicial volume (also called Gromov norm) is a measure of the topological complexity of a manifold. More generally, the simplicial norm measures the complexity of homology classes.

Given a closed and oriented manifold, one defines the simplicial norm by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains homologous to a given cycle. The simplicial volume is the simplicial norm of the fundamental class.

It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who introduced it in 1982. With William Thurston, he proved that the simplicial volume of a finite volume hyperbolic manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume.

The simplicial volume is equal to twice the Thurston norm.

Thurston also used the simplicial volume to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.

Thurston norm
In mathematics, the Thurston norm is a function on the second homology group of an oriented 3-manifold introduced by William Thurston, which measures in a natural way the topological complexity of homology classes represented by surfaces.
Gangs of Filmistaan
Gangs of Filmistaan is a Hindi stand-up comedy show that is broadcast on Star Bharat and digitally available on Disney+ Hotstar. The show stars stand-up comedian Sunil Grover, Shilpa Shinde and other actors. This show is produced by Preeti Simoes and Neeti Simoes under banner of Lil Frodo Productions house.

Preeti Simoes
Preeti Simoes (born 31 July 1990) is an Indian television producer.

She has produced Aakhri Sach on JioHotstar, Dil Diyan Gallan With Sonam Bajwa, Comedy Nights with Kapil, The Kapil Sharma Show, Kanpurwale Khuranas, Gangs of Filmistaan and Sunita Ahuja's show on YouTube. Simoes is well known for her romantic relationship with Indian stand-up comedian Kapil Sharma.
Bad Habits (The Last Shadow Puppets song)
"Bad Habits" is the lead single by English band The Last Shadow Puppets from their second studio album, Everything You've Come to Expect. It was released on 10 January 2016 on Domino Records, and is the first release of the band's second period of activity, making it their first single since "My Mistakes Were Made for You" (2008).

The Last Shadow Puppets
The Last Shadow Puppets are an English supergroup consisting of Alex Turner (Arctic Monkeys), Miles Kane (the Little Flames, the Rascals), James Ford (Simian, Simian Mobile Disco), and Zach Dawes (Mini Mansions).

The Last Shadow Puppets were formed by co-frontmen, Alex Turner and Miles Kane, in 2007, after they became friends when the Little Flames supported Arctic Monkeys on tour in 2005. They bonded over their shared love of Scott Walker and David Bowie, and decided to write songs inspired by their music. They have released two records, The Age of the Understatement (2008), and following a lengthy hiatus, Everything You've Come to Expect (2016). Both of their albums reached number one in the UK charts. They were nominated for a BRIT Award in the British Breakthrough category, and shortlisted for a Mercury Prize in the Best Album category, for The Age of the Understatement.
Peggy Ryan
Margaret O'Rene Ryan (August 28, 1924 – October 30, 2004) was an American dancer and actress, best known for starring in a series of movie musicals at Universal Pictures with Donald O'Connor and Gloria Jean.

Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series)
Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and created by Leonard Freeman. Set in Hawaii, the show aired for 12 seasons on CBS from September 20, 1968, to April 5, 1980. The show starred Jack Lord as Detective Captain Stephen "Steve" McGarrett, the head of a fictional state police task force in Hawaii. The theme music composed by Morton Stevens became especially popular. Many episodes in the series would end with McGarrett's catchphrase, "Book 'em, Danno!"

At the airing of its finale, it was the longest-running police drama in American television history, and the last scripted primetime show that debuted in the 1960s to leave the air.
The Keith Green Collection
The Keith Green Collection is the fourth album released by American contemporary Christian music pianist and singer Keith Green. It was released on August 11, 1981. This is also the only compilation album to be released during Green's lifetime.

Keith Green
Keith Gordon Green (October 21, 1953 – July 28, 1982) was an American pianist, singer, songwriter, and musician. Originally from Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, New York, Green is known as a pioneer in the Christian contemporary genre. His most notable songs are "Oh Lord You're Beautiful" "Grace by Which I Stand" and "Asleep in The Light," written by Keith Green; "There Is a Redeemer", written by his wife Melody Green, "Your Love Broke Through,” written by Keith Green, Todd Fishkind, and Randy Stonehill. "I Want To Be More Like Jesus," written by Keith and Melody Green, and Kelly Willard.
James Castle (politician)
James Nathan Castle (May 23, 1836 – January 2, 1903) was a U.S. representative from Minnesota.

Castle was born in Shefford in Lower Canada where he attended the public schools, and then studied law. He moved to Afton, Minnesota, in 1862 and taught school. He completed his law studies and was admitted to the bar. He began practicing in Stillwater starting in 1865.

Castle was elected county attorney in 1866 to fill the unexpired term of his deceased brother. He was then elected Washington County Attorney in 1868, to the Minnesota Senate in 1868, 1878, and 1882, elected as a Democrat to the 52nd United States Congress (March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893). While in congress, he was the chairman of the United States House Committee on Mileage (52nd Congress). He ran unsuccessfully for reelection in 1892.

He returned to the practice of law until his death in Stillwater in 1903. He is buried in Fairview Cemetery.

52nd United States Congress
The 52nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1891, to March 4, 1893, during the final two years of Benjamin Harrison's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1880 United States census.

The Republicans maintained a majority in the Senate (albeit reduced), but the Democrats won back the majority in the House, ending the Republican overall federal government trifecta.
The Dance Reduction Agents
The Dance Reduction Agents is the debut album from New Zealand band The Reduction Agents. It was written and produced by James Milne, who also creates music under the pseudonym Lawrence Arabia. It was released simultaneously with the debut Lawrence Arabia album. Both albums were co-released by Milne's own Honorary Bedouin Records and Lil' Chief Records. Two songs from the album ("The Pool" and "80's Celebration") appear in the soundtrack to the film Eagle vs Shark.

The Reduction Agents
The Reduction Agents were a New Zealand band fronted by James Milne, who also records under the name Lawrence Arabia. In 2006 the band released their debut and only album The Dance Reduction Agents. In the same year, Milne released his debut solo album, Lawrence Arabia. Both albums were nominated for several bNet awards, New Zealand's public voted alternative radio awards.

Milne has been involved in the internationally successful pop group The Brunettes and toured as bass player for American band Okkervil River. He has also produced music for film and theater, and two Reduction Agents songs appear in the soundtrack to the 2007 film Eagle vs Shark.