hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taura syndrome
Taura syndrome (TS) is one of the more devastating diseases affecting the shrimp farming industry worldwide. It was first described in Ecuador during the summer of 1992. In March 1993, it returned as a major epidemic and was the object of extensive media coverage. Retrospective studies have suggested a case of Taura syndrome might have occurred on a shrimp farm in Colombia as early as 1990 and the virus was already present in Ecuador in mid-1991. Between 1992 and 1997, the disease spread to all major regions of the Americas where whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is cultured. The economic impact of TS in the Americas during that period might have exceeded US$2 billion by some estimates.

Whiteleg shrimp
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, synonym Penaeus vannamei), also known as Pacific white shrimp or King prawn or White shrimp, is a species of prawn of the eastern Pacific Ocean commonly caught or farmed for food.
Donald Jay Grout
Donald Jay Grout (September 28, 1902 – March 9, 1987) was an American musicologist. He is best known as the author of A Short History of Opera, first published in 1947. The fourth edition was published by Columbia University Press in 2003.

J. Peter Burkholder
J. Peter Burkholder (born June 17, 1954) is an American musicologist and author. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Musicology at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music.  He has written numerous monographs, essays, and journal articles on twentieth-century music, Charles Ives, musical borrowing, American music, musical meaning, analysis, and music history pedagogy. He is the principal author of A History of Western Music, 10th Edition, published by W. W. Norton & Company.
Jeff Zywicki
Jeff Zywicki (born April 8, 1981) is a former professional lacrosse player from Ottawa, Ontario. He played college lacrosse at UMass. He was drafted 8th overall by the San Jose Stealth in the 2005 National Lacrosse League Entry Draft. He also played in Major League Lacrosse for the San Francisco Dragons, Denver Outlaws and the Toronto Nationals, who drafted him.

UMass Minutemen lacrosse
The UMass Minutemen men's lacrosse team represents the University of Massachusetts Amherst in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) NCAA Division I men's lacrosse. As of July 1, 2022, the Minutemen compete in their full-time home of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10), which is establishing a men's lacrosse league.
Apps (film)
Apps (stylized APPS) is a 2021 anthology horror fantasy film directed by Lucio A. Rojas, Sandra Arriagada, José Miguel Zúñiga, Camilo León and Samot Márquez. An international co-production of Chile and Argentina, the film consists of five short stories, each of which involves a mobile app.

Apps was selected in the "Coming Soon" section of the Sitges Film Festival in 2020. The film premiered at the 25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival in South Korea in July 2021.

25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival
The 25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (Korean: 제25회 부천국제판타스틱영화제), an international film festival held in Bucheon, South Korea, took place from 8 to 18 July 2021, it featured 257 films from 47 countries. The film festival due to the impact of the COVID-19 is held in a 'hybrid' format (online and offline) at 5 different locations including Oul Madang and CGV Picnic from July 8 to July 18.

As per quarantine guidelines of COVID-19, online screening of 154 films (61 feature films, 93 short films), which is about 60% of the entire film festival are open on Wavve. The opening ceremony was held at the Bucheon City Hall. Red carpet event to meet citizens was withdrawn this year.

This festival is a non-competitive international film festival with a competitive section.
Gabas, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Gabas is a hamlet in the valley of the Gave d'Ossau in the French Pyrenees. It is located where that river is formed by the confluence of two mountain streams, the Gave de Bious and the Gave du Brousset, which flow respectively from the western and eastern sides of the Pic du Midi d'Ossau.

The hamlet is on the D934 road that runs from Pau to Spain, via the Col du Pourtalet, at the point where it is crossed by the GR10 long distance footpath that runs the length of the Pyrenees. Because of this location, Gabas has become a tourist gateway with an importance beyond its size. It is the site of an information centre of the Pyrenees National Park, a mountain ecology centre, a mountain refuge and several hotels.

Politically, Gabas forms part of the commune of Laruns in the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. The actual village of Laruns is some 13 km (8.1 mi) to the north of Gabas on the D934.

Laruns
Laruns (French pronunciation: [laʁœ̃s]; Occitan: Laruntz) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

It is situated at the confluence of two mountain streams, the Gave d'Ossau and its tributary, the Valentin.

Formerly part of the province of Béarn, Laruns is now within the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, itself in France's Nouvelle-Aquitaine région. It forms part of the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie, and of the canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-2.
2016–17 Jackson State Tigers basketball team
The 2016–17 Jackson State Tigers basketball team represented Jackson State University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by fourth-year head coach Wayne Brent, played their home games at the Williams Assembly Center in Jackson, Mississippi as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 14–18, 10–8 in SWAC play to finish in a four-way tie for third place. As the No. 6 seed in the SWAC tournament, they lost to Southern in the quarterfinals.

2016–17 Southern Jaguars basketball team
The 2016–17 Southern Jaguars basketball team represented Southern University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Jaguars, led by sixth-year head coach Roman Banks, played their home games at the F. G. Clark Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 15–18, 10–8 in SWAC play to finish in a four-way tie for third place. As the 3-seed in the SWAC tournament they defeated Jackson State before losing in the semifinals to Alcorn State.

On March 31, head coach Roman Banks, who had been serving as Southern's interim Athletic Director for almost two years, was promoted to full time Athletic Director and stepped down as basketball coach. He finished his coaching career at Southern with a six year record of 114–85.
Divya Rana
Divya Rana is a former Bollywood actress most noted for her role in Raj Kapoor's Ram Teri Ganga Maili. Divya began her career with the film Ek Jaan Hain Hum (1983) opposite Raj Kapoor's youngest son Rajiv Kapoor. Then she was selected as the second lead in Raj Kapoor's Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1985) co-starring Rajiv Kapoor & Mandakini. Divya later acted in films like Watan Ke Rakhwale, Ek Hi Maqsad, Aasmaan (1984), Maa Kasam (1985 film), Param Dharam and many others. She quit her acting career after her marriage and lives in Mumbai with her husband Fazal and goes by the name Salma Manekia.  She works as a photographer and makes ceramic sculptures.

Ram Teri Ganga Maili
Ram Teri Ganga Maili (transl. Ram, your Ganga is tainted) is a 1985 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film co-written and directed by Raj Kapoor. The film stars Rajiv Kapoor and Mandakini. The music was composed by Ravindra Jain. It was the last film directed by Kapoor.

Ram Teri Ganga Maili was released on 16 August 1985. The film was the highest-grossing Indian film of the year, which Box Office India classified as an "All-Time Blockbuster". It was also one of the highest-grossing Indian films of the 1980s, alongside Kranti (1981) and Maine Pyar Kiya (1989).

The film won five Filmfare Awards. The film generated controversy because of Mandakini's scenes of breastfeeding and bathing in a translucent saree. The film still received a U (Universal) certificate from the Indian Film Certification Board, which was later amended to U/A.
Kvirike I of Kakheti
Kvirike I (Georgian: კვირიკე I) (died 918) was a Prince and Chorepiscopus of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 893 to 918.

He succeeded upon the death of Padla I of Kakheti, his possible father. In 914, he faced an Arab invasion led by Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj who took hold of the fortresses of Ujarma and Bochorma, but the former was given back to Kvirike following his plead for peace. Next year, Kvirike forged an alliance with Constantine III of Abkhazia against his eastern neighbor Hereti, a principality in the Georgian-Albanian marchlands. The allies invaded Hereti and divided its major strongholds, with the Orchobi fortress being allotted to Kakheti. He was succeeded by his son, Padla II upon his death in 918.

Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
The Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti (Georgian: კახეთ-ჰერეთის სამეფო, romanized: k'akhet-heretis samepo) was an early medieval Georgian monarchy in eastern Georgia, centered at the province of Kakheti, with its capital first at Telavi. It emerged in c.  1014 AD, under the leadership of energetic ruler of principality of Kakheti, Kvirike III the Great that finally defeated the ruler of Hereti and crowned himself as a king of the unified realms of Kakheti and Hereti. From this time on, until 1104, the kingdom was an independent and separated state from the united Kingdom of Georgia. The kingdom included territories from river Ksani (western border) to Alijanchay river (eastern border) and from Didoeti (northern border) to southwards along the river of Mtkvari (southern border).
Cleve Backster
Grover Cleveland "Cleve" Backster Jr. (February 27, 1924 – June 24, 2013) was an interrogation specialist for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), best known for his experiments with plants using a polygraph instrument in the 1960s which led to his theory of primary perception where he claimed that plants feel pain and have extrasensory perception (ESP), which was widely reported in the media. These claims have been rejected by the scientific community.

Plant intelligence
Plant intelligence is a field of plant biology which aims to understand how plants process the information they obtain from their environment. Plant intelligence has been defined as "any type of intentional and flexible behavior that is beneficial and enables the organism to achieve its goal".

Plant neurobiology is a subfield of plant intelligence research that claims plants possess abilities associated with cognition including anticipation, decision making, learning and memory. Terminology used in plant neurobiology is rejected by the majority of plant scientists as misleading, as plants do not possess consciousness or neurons, thus the term plant gnosophysiology is infrequently used. Most plant scientists tend to avoid using the term "intelligence" to refer to plants in their published research, despite the rise of the term in popular science writing.
Episcopal Diocese of the Virgin Islands
The Episcopal Diocese of the Virgin Islands is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America (ECUSA/T.E.C) which includes both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands. The diocese is a part of Province II of the Episcopal Church. The previous Diocesan Bishop of the Virgin Islands was Edward Ambrose Gumbs; the seat is currently vacant but Rafael Morales from the Episcopal Diocese of Puerto Rico serves as Bishop Advisor. The cathedral church of the diocese is the Cathedral Church of All  Saints, Charlotte Amalie. The diocese currently comprises 14 churches.

Cathedral Church of All Saints (St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands)
The Cathedral Church of All Saints is an Episcopal cathedral in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of the Virgin Islands and it is located in the City of Charlotte Amalie.  The church was built in 1848 in celebration of the end of slavery.  The structure was constructed from stone that was quarried on the island.  The gothic arched window frames are lined with yellow brick that was used as ballast aboard ships.  The bricks were left by merchants on the waterfront to make room on their boats for molasses, sugar, mahogany and rum for their return voyage.
Negash Wagesho
Negash Wagesho (English: Negash Wagesho Amencho, Amharic: ነጋሽ ዋጌሾ አሜንቾ) is an Ethiopian politician who has been serving as President of South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region since December, 2021. Before his assignment as President of the Region, he has served as State Minister for Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity of Ethiopia.

South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region
The Southwest Ethiopia Region, officially the Southwest Ethiopia Peoples' Regional State (Amharic: የደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች ክልል, romanized: Yedebubi Mi‘irabi Ītiyop’iya Hizibochi Kilili) is a regional state in southwestern Ethiopia. It was split off from the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) on 23 November 2021 after a successful referendum.

It consists of the Keffa, Sheka, Bench Sheko, Dawro, West Omo Zones, and Konta Zone. The working language of the region is Amharic.
Aleksandr Yeryshov
Aleksandr Anatolyevich Yeryshov (Russian: Александр Анатольевич Ерышов; born January 17, 1973) is a Russian water polo player who played on the silver medal squad at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the bronze medal squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Yerishev became the topscorer at the 2001 European Championship in Budapest, Hungary, scoring 21 goals.

2001 Men's European Water Polo Championship
The 2001 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 25th edition of the bi-annual event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place in Budapest, Hungary from June 15 to June 24, 2001.
Principles of Model Checking
Principles of Model Checking is a textbook on model checking, an area of computer science that automates the problem of determining if a machine meets specification requirements. It was written by Christel Baier and Joost-Pieter Katoen, and published in 2008 by MIT Press.

Christel Baier
Christel Baier (born 26 September 1965) is a German theoretical computer scientist known for her work in model checking, temporal logic, and automata theory. She is a professor at TU Dresden, where she holds the chair for Algebraic and Logic Foundations of Computer Science in the Faculty of Computer Science. Baier is the editor-in-chief of Acta Informatica.
Arkwright Town
Arkwright Town, usually referred to as Arkwright, is a village in Sutton cum Duckmanton, North East Derbyshire, England that is notable for being moved to a nearby location in the early 1990s. The village is between Chesterfield and Bolsover on the A632 road, and was formerly a coal mining village.

Sutton cum Duckmanton
Sutton cum Duckmanton is a civil parish in Derbyshire, England, between Bolsover and Chesterfield in the district of North East Derbyshire.

The village has a parish church, a pub, The Arkwright Arms, and a parish council.

Sutton cum Duckmanton contains the villages of Arkwright Town, Duckmanton,  Long Duckmanton, and Sutton Scarsdale. Hamlets include Sutton Spring Wood. The population was 1,582 at the 2011 Census.

The nearest airport is East Midlands Airport and the nearest train and bus stations are in Chesterfield.
Ivan Laing
Ivan Laing (18 August 1885 – 30 November 1917) was a field hockey player from Scotland who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. Born in Hawick, and a member of the Hawick Hockey Club, in 1908 he won the bronze medal as member of the Scotland team. Laing also played rugby for Hawick RFC, and swam for Hawick Amateur Swimming Club.

Hawick RFC
Hawick Rugby Football Club is an semi-pro rugby union side, currently playing in the Scottish Premiership and Border League. The club was founded in 1885 and are based at Mansfield Park at Hawick in the Scottish Borders.
Blackwater fever
Blackwater fever is a complication of malaria infection in which red blood cells burst in the bloodstream (hemolysis), releasing hemoglobin directly into the blood vessels and into the urine, frequently leading to kidney failure. The disease was first linked to malaria by the Sierra Leone Creole physician  John Farrell Easmon in his 1884 pamphlet entitled The Nature and Treatment of Blackwater Fever. Easmon coined the name "blackwater fever" and was the first to successfully treat such cases following the publication of his pamphlet.

John Farrell Easmon
John Farrell Easmon, MRCS, LM, LKQCP, MD, CMO (30 June 1856 – 9 June 1900), was a prominent Sierra Leonean Creole medical doctor in the British Gold Coast who served as Chief Medical Officer during the 1890s. Easmon was the only West African to be promoted to Chief Medical Officer and he served in this role with distinction during the last decade of the 19th century. Easmon was a botanist and a noted expert on the study and treatment of tropical diseases. In 1884, he wrote a pamphlet entitled The Nature and Treatment of Blackwater Fever, which noted for the first time the relationship between blackwater fever and malaria. Easmon coined the term "blackwater fever" in his pamphlet on the malarial disease.
Podkamennaya Tunguska Airport
Podkamennaya Tunguska Airport (Russian: Аэропорт Подкаменная Тунгуска) (IATA: TGP, ICAO: UNIP) is an airport serving the Podkamennaya Tunguska and Bor villages in Turukhansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.

Bor, Turukhansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Bor (Russian: Бор) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Turukhansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River just downstream of its confluence with the Podkamennaya Tunguska.
Parma Calcio 1913 in European football
Parma Calcio 1913 is an Italian football club based in Emilia-Romagna. The club was founded in 1913 (as Verdi F.B.C.) and has competed in the Italian football league system since 1919. Their first involvement in European competition – run by UEFA, the chief authority for football across Europe – was in 1991, entering the UEFA Cup. Since then, the club has competed in every UEFA-organised competition, with the exception of the now-defunct Intertoto Cup. The competition in which the club has had the most success is the UEFA Cup (now known as the UEFA Europa League); they have won two UEFA Cups, the first of which came in 1995 and the second in 1999. The club has also won the Cup Winners' Cup, which they won in 1993; and the Super Cup, also won in 1993.

1999 UEFA Cup final
The 1999 UEFA Cup final was an association football match played on 12 May 1999 at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow to determine the winners of the 1998–99 UEFA Cup. The match was contested by Parma of Italy and Marseille of France. Parma won the match 3–0 to claim their second UEFA Cup and fourth European trophy, having previously won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Super Cup on one occasion each. There were 61,000 spectators at the match, making it the highest-attended single-legged UEFA Cup/Europa League final.
Elin Pelin Point
Elin Pelin Point (Bulgarian: нос Елин Пелин, 'nos Elin Pelin') is a point on the northwest coast of Smith Island, South Shetland Islands situated 4.6 km north-northeast of Cape James and 4.8 km south-southwest of Lista Point.  The point is   named after Bulgarian writer Elin Pelin.

63°03′35″S 62°40′45″W﻿ / ﻿63.05972°S 62.67917°W﻿ / -63.05972; -62.67917

Elin Pelin
Elin Pelin (Bulgarian: Елин Пелин [ɛˈlin pɛˈlin]) (8 July 1877 – 3 December 1949), born Dimitar Ivanov Stoyanov (Bulgarian: Димитър Иванов Стоянов) was a Bulgarian writer. Stoyan Christowe called him "Bulgaria's leading writer".
Five Bedrooms
Five Bedrooms is an Australian comedy-drama television series, which first  screened on Network 10. The eight part series premiered on 15 May 2019, at 8:40 pm. In the United States, the series started streaming on Peacock on April 15, 2020.

In October 2019, the drama was renewed for a second season by 10 which was set premiere in 2020, however due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the second season was rescheduled to air in 2021 instead. In May 2021, the Australian broadcast of the series was announced to be moving from Network 10 to the 10 affiliated streaming service, Paramount+. Filming of the fourth season began in Melbourne in September 2022. The fourth season of the series would get a free to air viewing from November 4, 2024 on Channel 10.

Kate Jenkinson
Kate Ellen Jenkinson (born 24 August 1981) is an Australian actress, known for her various roles on The Wedge, as well as her role of Kendall Quinn on Super Fun Night. She is known for her role as Allie Novak in the Australian TV series Wentworth.
Nina Berton
Nina Berton (born 3 August 2001) is a Luxembourgish professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for EF Education–Oatly. Until 2025 she rode for Ceratizit Pro Cycling. In 2021 and 2022 she rode for Andy Schleck–CP NVST–Immo Losch. She rode in the women's road race event at the 2020 UCI Road World Championships.

Andy Schleck–CP NVST–Immo Losch
Andy Schleck–CP NVST–Immo Losch is a Luxembourg-based road cycling team, that was formed in 2018 for riders under the age of 18. The following year, the team moved up to a national level, before registering with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) as a Women's Continental Team for the 2021 season.
Fundamental lemma (Langlands program)
In the mathematical theory of automorphic forms, the  fundamental lemma relates orbital integrals on a reductive group over a local field to stable orbital integrals on its endoscopic groups. It was conjectured by Robert Langlands (1983) in the course of developing the Langlands program.  The fundamental lemma was proved by Gérard Laumon and Ngô Bảo Châu in the case of unitary groups and then by Ngô (2010) for general reductive groups, building on a series of important reductions made by Jean-Loup Waldspurger to the case of Lie algebras. Time magazine placed Ngô's proof on the list of the "Top 10 scientific discoveries of 2009". In 2010, Ngô was awarded the Fields Medal for this proof.

Jean-Loup Waldspurger
Jean-Loup Waldspurger (born 2 July 1953) is a French mathematician working on the Langlands program and related areas. He proved Waldspurger's theorem, the Waldspurger formula, and the local Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for orthogonal groups. He played a role in the proof of the fundamental lemma, reducing the conjecture to a version for Lie algebras. This formulation was ultimately proven by Ngô Bảo Châu.
Stoneleigh, Surrey
Stoneleigh is a suburban area southwest of London, situated in the north of the Epsom and Ewell borough in the county of Surrey, England.  It is situated approximately 11 miles (18 km) from central London. In the 2011 Census, the population was 8,741.

The area was formerly part of the Great Park and Little Park of Nonsuch in the Tudor era. Nonsuch Park today is situated on the site of the Little Park in the east of the suburb, extending into East Ewell and Cheam.

The construction of the railway station, in 1932, was responsible for initiating the development of most of Stoneleigh, which was largely completed by the onset of World War II in late 1939.

A240 road
The A240 is a partially primary status A road in Surrey and Greater London that connects the A217 with the A3 and continues beyond through Surbiton to Kingston upon Thames. The road is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) long  and is dualled as the Ewell bypass and thereafter to Tolworth Broadway. In conjunction with the A3 it provides an alternative to the congested A24 corridor through Morden and Merton.