hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heinkel Lerche
The Heinkel Lerche (English: Lark) was the name of a set of project studies made by German aircraft designer Heinkel in 1944 and 1945 for a VTOL fighter and ground-attack aircraft.

The Lerche was an early coleopter design. It would take off and land sitting on its tail, flying horizontally like a conventional aircraft. The pilot would lie prone in the nose. It would be powered by two contra-rotating propellers which were contained in a doughnut-shaped, nine-sided annular wing.

The design was developed starting 1944 and concluding in March 1945. The aerodynamic principles of an annular wing were basically sound, but the proposal was faced with a host of unsolved manufacture and control problems which would have made the project highly impractical, even without the material shortages of late-war Nazi Germany.

Heinkel
Heinkel Flugzeugwerke (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪŋkəl ˈfluːktsɔʏkˌvɛʁkə]) was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight, with the pioneering examples of a successful liquid-fueled rocket and a turbojet-powered aircraft in aviation history, with both Heinkel designs' first flights occurring shortly before the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
The Strawberry Roan (song)
"The Strawberry Roan" is a classic American cowboy song, written by California cowboy Curley Fletcher and first published in 1915, as a poem called The Outlaw Broncho. By the early 1930s, the song had become famous; in 1931 it was sung by a cowboy in the Broadway play Green Grow the Lilacs. It has become one of the best-known cowboy songs, found in dozens of collections of American folk music and performed on numerous recordings. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

The song tells the story of a bragging horse breaker who meets his match in a picturesque strawberry roan.

Western music (North America)
Western music, also known as country and western or simply western, is a form of music composed by and about the people who settled and worked throughout the Western United States and Western Canada. Western music celebrates the lifestyle of the cowboy on the open range, along the Rocky Mountains, and among the prairies of Western North America. The genre grew from the mix of cultural influences in the American frontier and what became the Southwestern United States at the time, it came from the folk music traditions of those living the region, those being the hillbilly music from those that arrived from the Eastern U.S., the corrido and ranchera from Northern Mexico, and the New Mexico and Tejano endemic to the Southwest. The music industry of the mid-20th century grouped the western genre with that of similar folk origins, instrumentation and rural themes, to create the banner of country and western music, which was simplified in time to country music.
Earth X
Earth X is a 1999 comic book limited series published by American company Marvel Comics. Earth X was written by Jim Krueger with art by John Paul Leon. Based on Alex Ross' notes, the series features a dystopian version of the Marvel Universe.

The series was followed by two sequels, Universe X and Paradise X, and a prequel, Marvels X. The universe of Earth X is designated as Earth-9997 in the Marvel Comics multiverse.

The Earth X incarnation of Spider-Man made his cinematic debut in the 2023 feature film Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, depicted as a member of Miguel O'Hara's Spider-Society.

Uatu
Uatu (/ˈwɑːtuː/), often simply known as the Watcher, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in The Fantastic Four #13 (April 1963). He is a member of the Watchers, an extraterrestrial species who in the distant past stationed themselves across space to monitor the activities of other species. Uatu is the Watcher assigned to observe Earth and its Solar System.

The character has been adapted into other media, such as video games, toys, and television. Jeffrey Wright voiced Uatu in the Marvel Cinematic Universe animated series What If...? (2021–2024) on Disney+.
Alexandre Lenoir
Marie Alexandre Lenoir (French pronunciation: [maʁi alɛksɑ̃dʁ lənwaʁ]; 27 December 1761 – 11 June 1839) was a French archaeologist. Self-taught, he devoted himself to saving France's historic monuments, sculptures and tombs from the ravages of the French Revolution, notably those of Saint-Denis and Sainte-Geneviève.

Marie Bouliard
Marie-Geneviève Bouliard (1763–1825) was a French artist who primarily painted portraits.

She was born in Paris. She was a pupil of Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Joseph-Benoît Suvée, and Joseph Duplessis. In 1791, Bouliard made her debut at the Paris Salon with her painting Woman's Head Crowned with Roses.
Her Aspasia, a self-portrait, was produced in 1794. It was exhibited in the 1795 Paris Salon where it received a Prix d'Encouragement.

In 1808 she exhibited Head of a Woman. Her painting Portrait of an Actress, Probably Mlle. Bélier was included in the 1905 book Women Painters of the World.

Bouliard died in 1825 in Saône-et-Loire.
Pauline Kamusewu
Pauline Kamusewu, also known as just Pauline (born 3 November 1982) is a Swedish soul singer-songwriter of Zimbabwean and Italian descent. Born Pauline Kamusewu in 1982 in Zimbabwe to an Italian father and a Zimbabwean mother, she moved to Sweden when she was three years old. In 2003 she won the Rockbjörnen award for Best Swedish Newcomer. She competed in the second heat of Melodifestivalen 2010 in Sandviken with the song Sucker for Love but was knocked out in the duels by Crucified Barbara.

Sucker for Love (song)
"Sucker for Love" is a song by Swedish singer Pauline Kamusewu, released as a single in 2010. It was written by Kamusewu, Fredrik "Fredro" Ödesjö, Andreas Levander and Johan "Jones" Wetterberg, and performed by Kamusewu at Melodifestivalen 2010 during the second semifinal in Sandviken where it made it further to Andra chansen before getting knocked out.

The song charted at Svensktoppen for one week. before leaving chart.

During Melodifestivalen 2012 the song appeared at "Tredje chansen".
Line search
In optimization, line search is a basic iterative approach to find a local minimum  of an objective function . It first finds a descent direction along which the objective function  will be reduced, and then computes a step size that determines how far  should move along that direction. The descent direction can be computed by various methods, such as gradient descent or quasi-Newton method. The step size can be determined either exactly or inexactly.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Flame of Calcutta
Flame of Calcutta is a 1953 American historical adventure film directed by Seymour Friedman and starring Denise Darcel, Patric Knowles and Paul Cavanagh. It was one of a number of historical films made by Sam Katzman's production unit for Columbia Pictures. It is set in India in the 1750s. Unusually for a B Movie of the era, it was shot in Technicolor.

Sam Katzman
Sam Katzman (July 7, 1901 – August 4, 1973) was an American film producer and director. Katzman's specialty was producing low-budget genre films, including serials, which had disproportionately high returns for the studios and his financial backers. In the 1930s, he produced numerous Western films for Victory Pictures and Puritan Pictures, and in the 1940s, he produced 22 East Side Kids features for Monogram Pictures. As well as producing the Jungle Jim series, in the 1950s, Katzman and his studio Clover Productions made science fiction, horror, and teen films for Columbia Pictures, including Creature with the Atom Brain (1955), Rock Around the Clock, Earth vs. the Flying Saucers, The Werewolf (all 1956), and The Giant Claw (1957). Katzman also produced two musicals starring Elvis Presley for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM): Kissin' Cousins (1964) and Harum Scarum (1965).
Kanellos Kanellopoulos
Kanellos Kanellopoulos (born 25 April 1957) is a Greek former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.  He was also the pilot and human engine for the 1988 MIT Daedalus project, completing the 72.4 mi (115.11 km) flight from Crete to the Greek island of Santorini in 3 hours, 54 minutes.  It is the longest human-powered flight in history.

Tour of Greece
The  Tour of Hellas is a road bicycle racing stage race. It consists of five stages and is usually held between April and May. The race was first held in 1968 as the Antiquities Trophy, and was later known as the Tour of Hellas (or Greece). The race was held sporadically from 1968 until 2012. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) made the race part of the UCI Europe Tour in 2005; the race had previously been held as an amateur event. The race was revived in 2022 as a category 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.

Cycling Greece is the organizing committee for the race working together with the local authorities of the hosting cities.
Bergholz, Ohio
Bergholz (/ˈbɜːrɡhoʊlz/ BURG-holes) is a village in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States. The population was 544 at the 2020 census. The village's name is German and translates to "mountain timber". It is part of the Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area.

Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area
The Weirton–Steubenville, WV–OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as the Upper Ohio Valley, is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of two counties in the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia and one in Ohio, anchored by the cities of Weirton and Steubenville. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 116,903. This puts it at 334th largest in the United States. It is also included in the larger Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton, PA–OH–WV Combined Statistical Area.

Centered around the Ohio River, the Upper Ohio Valley was historically a manufacturing center of the United States due to its strategic transportation location.
Ugler i mosen
Ugler i mosen is a 1959 Norwegian mystery and adventure family film directed by Ivo Caprino. The title, which literally means 'Owls in the Moss', is based on the idiom det er ugler i mosen 'I smell a rat; there is mischief afoot'.

The film was written by Caprino as an adaptation of Finn Havrevold's children's book Marens lille ugle (Maren's Little Owl). The leading role was played by 12-year-old Grethe Nilsen, and the film also featured Sverre Hansen, Turid Balke, Kjetil Bang-Hansen, Egil Hjorth-Jenssen and Aud Schønemann.

Animation figures also played central roles in the film.

Ivo Caprino
Ivo Caprino (17 February 1920 – 8 February 2001) was a Norwegian film director and writer, best known for his puppet films. His most noted film, Flåklypa Grand Prix (Pinchcliffe Grand Prix), was made in 1975.
Kukinia
Kukinia [kuˈkiɲa] (German: Alt Quetzin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustronie Morskie, within Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south of Ustronie Morskie, 13 km (8 mi) east of Kołobrzeg, and 114 km (71 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 240.

Gmina Ustronie Morskie
Gmina Ustronie Morskie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Ustronie Morskie, which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Kołobrzeg and 118 km (73 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 57.27 square kilometres (22.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,613.
Anglican Province of Kwara
The Anglican Province of Kwara is one of the 14 ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of Nigeria. It comprises eight dioceses. The Archbishop of the Province of Kwara and Bishop of New Bussa is Israel Amoo.

The dioceses are (2021):

Igbomina (Bishop: Emmanuel Adekola)

Igbomina-West (Bishop: Olajide Adebayo)

Jebba (Bishop: Oluwaseun A. Aderogba)

Kwara (Bishop: S. T. G. Adewole; first bishop, Herbert Haruna, consecrated 27 October 1974, Ibadan)

New Bussa (Bishop: Israel Amoo)

Offa (Bishop: Solomon Akanbi)

Omu-Aran (Bishop: Festus Oyetola Sobanke)

Ekiti Kwara (Bishop: Andrew O.A. Ajayi)

Olajide Adebayo
Olajide Adebayo is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria; he is Bishop of Igbomina-West, one of eight in the  Anglican Province of Kwara, itself one of 14 within the Church of Nigeria. He presents a radio show, "Hymns of Praise".
House at Upper Laurel Iron Works
House at Upper Laurel Iron Works is a historic home located in Newlin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1872, and is a two-story, stone banked dwelling with a gable roof.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Newlin Township, Pennsylvania
Newlin Township is a township in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,285 at the 2010 census.

Newlin Township was the hometown of explorer Josiah Harlan and Lenape healer Hannah Freeman. Physician and Civil War nurse Hettie Kersey Painter grew up in Newlin. William Baldwin, the botanist, was born there on March 29, 1779.
Buy-up coverage
Buy-up coverage is the portion of crop insurance coverage for which a participating
farmer in the US pays a premium. During the 2000s, the system offered catastrophic (CAT) crop insurance coverage
without any premium payments required of the farmer.  Any coverage purchased
above the CAT level was referred to as buy-up coverage, and was partially subsidized by the
US federal government.

The Agricultural Act of 2014 adjusted buy-up coverage limits and premium payments, along with buyers' costs, as part of a shift away from direct subsidies.

Crop insurance
Crop insurance is insurance purchased by agricultural producers and subsidized by a country's government to protect against either the loss of their crops due to natural disasters, such as hail, drought, and floods ("crop-yield insurance"), or the loss of revenue due to declines in the prices of agricultural commodities ("crop-revenue insurance").
Breakout (Miley Cyrus song)
"Breakout" is a song by American singer Miley Cyrus. It was released on her second album of the same name as its opening track. The track was originally recorded by American singer Katy Perry as a demo track for her album One of the Boys but due to not being included in the album, the song was passed on to Cyrus. "Breakout" is a pop rock song whose instrumentation includes keyboard, guitar, and drums while lyrics discuss growing up and being carefree.

Contemporary critics received "Breakout" very well, appreciating its lyrical content. Digital downloads began immediately after the Breakout's release on July 22, 2008, and it charted at numbers 45 in Canada, 56 in the United States, and 94 in Australia. Cyrus performed the song in several venues; her first, in the 2008 Disney Channel Games was used as a promotional music video and on her first world tour, the Wonder World Tour, it was the opening number.

Gina Schock
Regina Ann Schock (born August 31, 1957) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as the drummer for the rock band the Go-Go's. She joined the group in 1979 and remained a member during its most active years in the early 1980s. Schock has also worked with other musical projects, contributed to songwriting for pop artists, and published a memoir. In 2021, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Go-Go's.
The Neptune Factor
The Neptune Factor, also known as The Neptune Disaster, is a 1973 science fiction film directed by Daniel Petrie, featuring underwater cinematography by Paul Herbermann. The film's special effects utilized underwater photography of miniatures with actual marine life.

Yvette Mimieux
Yvette Carmen Mimieux (January 8, 1942 – January 18, 2022) was an American film and television actress who was a major star of the 1960s and 1970s. Her breakout role was in The Time Machine (1960). She was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards during her career.
Nightlife (radio program)
Nightlife is an Australian late-night talkback show across ABC Local Radio hosted by Philip Clark (Monday to Thursday) and Suzanne Hill (Friday to Sunday). It offers a mix of both news and current affairs, lifestyle and entertainment. Each night there are regular features and guests. The listening audience is featured throughout the program.

Nightlife is broadcast from 10.05 pm to 2.00 am (AEST) on ABC Local Radio across Australia and is followed by Overnights.

Philip Clark (radio presenter)
Philip Clark (born May 1956) is an Australian radio presenter. He is best known for his work at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and at Sydney commercial station 2GB.

Since 2016, he has hosted the Monday to Thursday editions of Nightlife on the ABC Local Radio network.
Ray Chapman
Raymond Johnson Chapman (January 15, 1891 – August 17, 1920) was an American baseball player. He spent his entire career as a shortstop for the Cleveland Indians of the American League.

Chapman was hit in the head by a pitch thrown by pitcher Carl Mays and died 12 hours later. He is the only person to die directly from an injury received while playing in a Major League Baseball game. His death led baseball to establish a rule requiring umpires to replace the ball whenever it becomes dirty. Chapman's death and sanitary concerns also led to the ban on spitballs after the 1920 season. Chapman's death was also one of the examples cited to justify the wearing of batting helmets. However, it took over 30 years to adopt the rule that required their use.

Spitball
A spitball is a now-illegal baseball pitch in which the ball has been altered by the application of a foreign substance such as saliva or petroleum jelly. This technique alters the wind resistance and weight on one side of the ball, causing it to move in an atypical manner. It may also cause the ball to "slip" out of the pitcher's fingers without the usual spin that accompanies a pitch. In this sense, a spitball can be thought of as a fastball with knuckleball action. Alternative names for the spitball are spitter, mud ball, shine ball, supersinker, or vaseline ball (because originally, Vaseline was used to give the ball a little more break). A spitball technically differs from an emery ball, in which the surface of the ball is cut or abraded. Saliva or Vaseline smooths the baseball, while the emery paper roughens it. The general term for altering the ball in any way is doctoring.
2017 World Fencing Championships
The 2017 World Fencing Championships was held at the Arena Leipzig in Leipzig, Germany from 19 to 26 July 2017.

During the championships there was a demonstration of wheelchair fencing. Russian Ksenia Ovsyannikova was Head of the Promotion Commission of IWAS and Pal Szekeres IWAS Wheelchair Fencing Chairman and Udo Ziegler IWAS Secretary General was also present at the Arena Leipzig Stadium.

Arena Leipzig
The Arena Leipzig is a multipurpose indoor arena located in Leipzig, Germany. The capacity of the arena is 8,000 people for sporting events and up to 12,200 for shows and concerts. It is part of the Sportforum Leipzig in the Zentrum-Nordwest locality, which also contains Red Bull Arena and the Sportmuseum Leipzig.
Phil X
Theofilos Xenidis (born March 10, 1966), better known as Phil X, is a Canadian musician. Since 2013, he has played lead guitar with Bon Jovi and officially replaced former lead guitarist Richie Sambora in 2016.

Naveed (album)
Naveed is the debut studio album by Canadian rock band Our Lady Peace.  It was produced by Arnold Lanni, and was released on March 22, 1994, by Sony Music Canada. Naveed became a success in Canada, being certified 4× Platinum in the country. There were five singles released for the album, including "The Birdman",  "Starseed" and "Naveed".   This is the only album to feature bass player Chris Eacrett, who was replaced by Duncan Coutts in 1995.
Łęg, Gmina Osiek
Łęg [wɛnk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osiek, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Osiek, 21 km (13 mi) east of Staszów, and 73 km (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Osiek, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Gmina Osiek is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Osiek, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Staszów and 71 km (44 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 129.30 square kilometres (49.9 sq mi), and as of 2010 its total population is  7,904 (out of which the population of Osiek amounts to  2,001, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is  5,903).
Genesee, Wisconsin
Genesee is a town in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 7,171 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Bethesda, Genesee, Genesee Depot, and Saylesville are in the town.

Genesee Depot, Wisconsin
Genesee Depot is a small unincorporated community in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. It is in the Town of Genesee, in southeastern Wisconsin between Milwaukee and Madison, and named for the train station, or depot, of the Wisconsin and Calumet Railroad (now the Wisconsin and Southern Railroad) that formerly served the town.
Light characteristic
A light characteristic is all of the properties that make a particular navigational light identifiable. Graphical and textual descriptions of navigational light sequences and colours are displayed on nautical charts and in Light Lists with the chart symbol for a lighthouse, lightvessel, buoy or sea mark with a light on it. Different lights use different colours, frequencies and light patterns, so mariners can identify which light they are seeing.

Lightship
A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship that acts as a lighthouse in areas deemed unsuitable for proper lighthouse construction. Although some records exist of fire beacons being placed on ships in Roman times, the first modern lightship was invented by Robert Hamblin in 1734 and was located off the Nore sandbank at the mouth of the River Thames in London, England. Lightships have since been rendered obsolete by advancing lighthouse construction techniques, and by large automated navigation buoys (LANBY).