hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy
Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy, later republished as Leninism or Marxism?, is a 1904 pamphlet by Rosa Luxemburg, a Marxist living in Germany. In the text, she criticized Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) for their position on democratic centralism—the theory behind a vanguard organization of communists having an elected leadership. Luxemburg argued that "spontaneity" of the proletariat (working class) is a major factor in socialist revolution. It was first published in Iskra, the RSDLP's newspaper, and Die Neue Zeit, the newspaper of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation
The Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation (APCF) was a communist group in the United Kingdom. It was founded by the group around Guy Aldred's Spur newspaper – mostly former Communist League members – in 1921. They included John McGovern.
Köping Municipality
Köping Municipality (Swedish: Köpings kommun) is a municipality in Västmanland County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Köping.

The municipality was created in 1971, when the former City of Köping was merged with the municipalities of Kolsva, Medåker and Munktorp forming a new municipality of unitary type.

Västmanland County
Västmanland County (Swedish: Västmanlands län) is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Södermanland, Örebro, Gävleborg, Dalarna and Uppsala. The county also has a stretch of shoreline towards Mälaren (Sweden's third largest lake).
The Plain Dealer
The Plain Dealer is the primary newspaper of Cleveland, Ohio. In the fall of 2019, it ranked 23rd in U.S. newspaper circulation, a significant drop since March 2013, when its circulation ranked 17th daily and 15th on Sunday.

As of May 2019, The Plain Dealer had 94,838 daily readers and 171,404 readers on Sunday. The Plain Dealer's media market, the Cleveland-Akron Designated Market Area, has a population of 3.8 million people making it the 19th-largest market in the United States.

As of 2023, Sunday print circulation had declined to 37,000 copies.

In August 2013, The Plain Dealer reduced home delivery to four days a week, including Sunday. A daily version of The Plain Dealer was available electronically as well as in print at stores, newsracks and newsstands.

Susan Goldberg
Susan Goldberg is an American journalist, former editor in chief of National Geographic Magazine, and current President and CEO of the WGBH Educational Foundation, the largest provider of programming to PBS. Before joining National Geographic, Goldberg worked at Bloomberg and USA Today. She is an advocate for cross-platform storytelling.
Alice Swanson Esty
Alice Theresa Hildagard Swanson Esty (November 8, 1904 – July 21, 2000) was an American actress, soprano and arts patron who commissioned works by members of Les Six and other French composers, and American composers such as Ned Rorem, Virgil Thomson. Claire Brook, and Marc Blitzstein, among others.

Claire Brook
Claire Brook (1925 – 8 June 2012) was an American music editor, writer and composer who shaped English-language music publishing for more than two decades as vice-president and music editor at W. W. Norton.
Patrick Mabilo
Solomon Patrick Mabilo is a South African politician from the Northern Cape who served as the Executive Mayor of the Sol Plaatje Local Municipality from 2018 to 2021. A member of the African National Congress (ANC), he served as a Member of the National Assembly from 2014 to 2017. He was a Member of Northern Cape Provincial Legislature from 2009 to 2014 and again in 2018. Within the Northern Cape provincial government, he served as the MEC for Transport, Safety and Liaison from 2009 to 2013, and was the MEC for Environment and Nature Conservation between 2013 and 2014.

Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
Sol Plaatje Municipality (Afrikaans: Sol Plaatje Munisipaliteit; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Sol Plaatje) is a local municipality within the Frances Baard District Municipality, in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is named after Sol T. Plaatje. It includes the diamond mining city of Kimberley.
Brookdale, California
Brookdale is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California. Brookdale sits at an elevation of 405 feet (123 m). It is located in the San Lorenzo Valley between Boulder Creek and Ben Lomond on Highway 9. The 2020 United States census reported Brookdale's population was 2,043.

The ZIP Code is 95007 and the community is inside area code 831.  There is no mail delivery in Brookdale, though no home is more than 1.5 miles from the post office.

California State Route 9
State Route 9 (SR 9) is a rural and mountainous state highway in the U.S. state of California that travels 35 miles (56 km) from SR 1 in Santa Cruz to SR 17 in Los Gatos, passing through the San Lorenzo Valley and the Saratoga Gap in the Santa Cruz Mountains.
Mascarenichthys heemstrai
Mascarenichthys heemstrai is a ray-finned fish species from the family of Bythitidae in the genus of Mascarenichthys. The scientific name of the species was first published in 2007 by Schwarzhans & Møller, It was named after Phil Heemstra, a notable ichthyologist.

Phil Heemstra
Phillip Clarence Heemstra (9 December 1941 – 29 August 2019) was an American-South African ichthyologist. He was born in Melrose Park, Illinois, United States as the son of Clarence William Heemstra and his wife, Lydia (born Epcke). He attended school in Ottawa, Illinois, and completed a B.Sc. in Zoology in 1963 at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Illinois, as well as his MSc degree (1968) and doctorate (1974) in marine biology at the University of Miami in Miami, Florida. He moved to live in South Africa in 1978.

At the time of his death, Heemstra was a curator emeritus of the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB, formerly the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology). He specialized in ichthyology and marine fish taxonomy.
TEDA International School
TEDA International School  (simplified Chinese: 泰达国际学校; traditional Chinese: 泰達國際學校) is an English language day school located in Tianjin Economic Development Area of China.

The school was established by the TEDA Government in 1995, and is open to any foreigners residing in TEDA. Its campus consists of six modern, climate-controlled buildings housing general classrooms; science labs; computer labs; library/media center; ESL classrooms; a full-sized gymnasium and a large cafeteria. The campus grounds are a park-like setting that includes a playground, a football field, and a track.

The School is a member of EARCOS (East Asia Regional Council of Overseas Schools) and is accredited by  WASC. TIS is also a member of the  Association of China and Mongolia International Schools (ACAMIS) and participates in intramural sports and cultural activities regularly through this organization.

Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area
Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (simplified Chinese: 天津经济技术开发区; traditional Chinese: 天津經濟技術開發區; pinyin: tiānjīn jīngjì jìshù kāifā qū), commonly abbreviated as TEDA (simplified Chinese: 泰达; traditional Chinese: 泰達; pinyin: tài dá; lit. 'peace and prosperity') is the main free market zone in Binhai, Tianjin, China. It was formed in late 1984.
The Green Room (recording studio)
The Green Room (a.k.a. The Fabulous Green Room)  was a popular recording studio located in Huntington Beach, California, described by Bill Lobdell of the Los Angeles Times as "arguably the center of the Christian rock world" in Orange County. The Green Room was owned and operated by musician Gene Eugene and Brainstorm art director/photographer Anna Cardenas until Eugene's death in 2000.

Gene Eugene
Gene Andrusco (April 6, 1961 – March 20, 2000), better known as Gene Eugene, was a Canadian-born actor, record producer, engineer, composer, and musician. Eugene was best known as the leader of the alternative rock band Adam Again, a member of the Swirling Eddies (credited as Prickly Disco), and as a founding member of the supergroup Lost Dogs.

Prior to his music career, Eugene was a child actor. On top of his own musical projects, Eugene was a record producer producing albums for other contemporary Christian artists ranging from Crystal Lewis to the Prayer Chain to Starflyer 59. Eugene was married to musician and fellow Adam Again band member Riki Michele until they divorced in 1994. Eugene was found dead in his studio on March 20, 2000 as a result of an undiagnosed brain aneurysm. Friends said that Eugene hadn't been feeling well in recent weeks and complained of headaches the day before his death.
Viacheslav I of Kiev
Viacheslav I Vladimirovich (1083 – 2 February 1154) was a Prince of Smolensk (1113–1125), Turov (1125–1132; 1134–1146), Pereyaslavl (1132–1134; 1142), Peresopnytsia (1146–1149), Vyshgorod (1149–1151) and Grand Prince of Kiev (1139).

He was a son of Vladimir Monomakh and Gytha of Wessex. On 18 February 1139 he succeeded his brother Yaropolk II of Kiev as grand prince, but was driven out in March by Vsevolod II of Kiev. He later ruled Kiev jointly with his nephew Iziaslav II of Kiev and died not long after Iziaslav in late 1154 or early 1155 and is buried in the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev. His only son, Michael Viacheslavovich, had predeceased him in 1129.

Peresopnytsia
Peresopnytsia (Ukrainian: Пересопниця) is a small village of Rivne Raion in the Rivne Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to the Diadkovychi rural hromada and is located on Stubly River, a tributary of Horyn River.

In 11th–13th centuries it was one of two main cities of Horyn River basin. In the 12th century Peresopnytsia was a capital of the Peresopnytsia principality which was a regional principality of the Principality of Volhynia.

On 29 August 1561, in the Peresopnytsia Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Nativity, creation of the Peresopnytsia Gospel was finished, which is now a national relic of Ukraine.
Beuzeville Airfield
Beuzeville/Ste Mère Eglise (Beuzeville) Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield, which is located near the commune of Beuzeville-au-Plain in the Normandy region of northern France.

Located just outside Beuzeville-au-Plain, the United States Army Air Force established a temporary airfield shortly after D-Day on 7 June 1944, shortly after the Allied landings in France The airfield was one of the first established in the liberated area of Normandy, being constructed by the IX Engineering Command, 819th Engineer Aviation Battalion.

Beuzeville-au-Plain
Beuzeville-au-Plain (French pronunciation: [bøzvil o plɛ̃]) is a former commune in the Manche department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Sainte-Mère-Église.
Boston Garden
The Boston Garden was an arena in Boston, Massachusetts. Designed by boxing promoter Tex Rickard, who also built the third iteration of New York's Madison Square Garden, it opened on November 17, 1928, as "Boston Madison Square Garden" (later shortened to just "Boston Garden") and outlived its original namesake by 30 years. It was above North Station, a train station which was originally a hub for the Boston and Maine Railroad and is now a hub for MBTA Commuter Rail and Amtrak trains.

The Garden hosted home games for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA), as well as rock concerts, amateur sports, boxing and professional wrestling matches, circuses, and ice shows. It was also used as an exposition hall for political rallies such as the speech by John F. Kennedy in November 1960. Boston Garden was demolished in 1998, three years after the completion of its successor arena, TD Garden.

Delaware North
Delaware North is an American multinational food service and hospitality company headquartered in Buffalo, New York.   The company also operates in the lodging, sporting, airport, gambling, and entertainment industries. The company employs over 55,000 people worldwide and has over $3.2 billion in annual revenues.
Praia Inhame
Praia Inhame is a beach in the southernmost part of the island of São Tomé in São Tomé and Príncipe. It lies directly east of the southernmost point of the island,  Ponta Homem da Capa, and 2 km southwest of the village Porto Alegre. There is an eco lodge near the beach. The Canal das Rolas separates it from Ilhéu das Rolas.

A new species of snake was found near the beach in 2017. It was named Naja peroescobari, named after the 15th century Portuguese explorer Pêro Escobar.

Naja peroescobari
Naja peroescobari, the São Tomé island forest cobra or Pero Escobar's cobra, is a species of snake in the family Elapidae.

It was previously considered to be the same species as the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) found on the African mainland, and was believed to have been introduced by Portuguese settlers to limit the proliferation of rats. In 2017 it was discovered to be a different species endemic to the island of São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe. The holotype was found near the beach Praia Inhame, southwest of Porto Alegre.  It is named after the Portuguese explorer Pêro Escobar.

Naja peroescobari is one of the few predators on the island of terrestrial mammals such as black rats (Rattus rattus) and weasels (Mustela nivalis).
Not much is known about the venom of this species, but it likely has slightly cytotoxic and neurotoxic properties.
2025 Food City 500
The 2025 Food City 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race that was held on April 13, 2025, at Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee. Contested over 500 laps on the 0.533 miles (0.858 km) short track, it was the 9th race of the 2025 NASCAR Cup Series season.

Kyle Larson won the race. Denny Hamlin finished 2nd, and Ty Gibbs finished 3rd. Chase Briscoe and Ryan Blaney rounded out the top five, and William Byron, Ross Chastain, Christopher Bell, A. J. Allmendinger, and Austin Dillon rounded out the top ten.

Kyle Larson
Kyle Miyata Larson (born July 31, 1992) is an American professional racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 5 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Hendrick Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 88 Chevrolet Camaro SS for JR Motorsports.

Before and throughout his stock car racing career, Larson has been highly successful in dirt track racing, with wins in several prestigious events including the Kings Royal, Knoxville Nationals, and the Chili Bowl Nationals. He also won the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2015 with CGR. Larson is the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series Rookie of the Year and the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Rookie of the Year. He won the NASCAR Cup Series Championship in 2021 and 2025. Larson was named one of NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers in 2023.
Nicholas Everett Hollis
Nicholas Everett Hollis, born May 11, 1944, in Randolph, Vermont, became a leading trade expansionist over the last three decades of the twentieth century sponsoring dozens of high-level trade/investment missions and international conferences utilizing influential business and government positions in organizations, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), Industry Center for Trade Negotiations (ICTN), U.S. Department of State/Agency for International Development (USAID), Agri-Energy Roundtable (AER), and most recently as president of The Agribusiness Council (ABC), a nonprofit organization founded by Henry Heinz II in 1967.

Agri-Energy Roundtable
Agri-Energy Roundtable (AER) is a nonprofit and non-governmental organization accredited by the United Nations and established in 1980 as a forum for encouraging dialogue on cooperative energy and agricultural development between industrialized and developing nations.  AER conducts international conferences, regional seminars and workshops, trade missions and technical assistance for the formation of autonomous indigenous counterpart associations.
Limerick county hurling team
The Limerick county hurling team represents Limerick in hurling and is governed by Limerick GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Munster Senior Hurling Championship and the National Hurling League.

Limerick's home ground is Páirc na nGael, Limerick. The team's manager is John Kiely.

The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2024, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2023 and the National League in 2023.

2024 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final
The 2024 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played on 9 June at Semple Stadium in Thurles. It was contested by defending champions Limerick and Clare.

The game was televised live on RTÉ 2 as part of The Sunday Game, presented by Joanne Cantwell. Commentary on the game was provided by Marty Morrissey, alongside Brendan Cummins.

The throw-in was delayed by 30 minutes due to a power cut at the stadium.
Limerick, captained by Declan Hannon, retained the title for a record sixth year in a row after a 1-26 to 1-20 win. No team in Munster had ever won six in a row before.
Gosnold, Massachusetts
Gosnold is a town in Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2020 census, the town population was 70, making it the least populous town in Massachusetts. Gosnold encompasses the Elizabeth Islands and most residents live in the island-village of Cuttyhunk. Most of Gosnold is privately owned by the Forbes family, except for the islands of Cuttyhunk and Penikese.

Dukes County, Massachusetts
Dukes County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 20,600, making it the second-least populous county in Massachusetts. Its county seat is Edgartown.

Dukes County comprises the Vineyard Haven, MA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county consists of 33 named islands, the largest of which is Martha's Vineyard. It also includes Chappaquiddick Island (sometimes peninsula of the Vineyard), the Elizabeth Islands, including Cuttyhunk, and Nomans Land.
Hamish McFarlane
Hamish McFarlane is a New Zealand actor. He played lead roles of Morgan in TV series Strangers and Griffin in film The Navigator: A Medieval Odyssey. For the latter he won the 1989 New Zealand Film Award for Best Male Performance and was nominated for 1988 AFI Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. He was nominated at the 1993 New Zealand Film and Television Award for the Best Guest Performance for a role on Shortland Street. He also appear in the TV movie The Grasscutter.

Strangers (1989 TV series)
Strangers is a New Zealand mystery drama television series for children. Written by Margaret Mahy, it featured four children who created a secret club named Zan-Em-Mor-Kel, a named derived from their names, Zane, Emma, Morgan and Kelsey. The character of Kelsey was deaf and she was played by Sonia Privac who was deaf since birth.
Iepenrode
Iepenrode, or Ipenrode, is the name of a villa in Heemstede, the Netherlands, between the Leidsevaart and Herenweg. It is located north of Huis te Manpad and south of Berkenrode. It was once the summer home of various mayors (burgemeesters) of Haarlem and is currently privately owned.

Leidsevaart
The Leidsevaart (also known as Leidse trekvaart, Dutch for "Leiden's Pull-Canal") is a canal between the cities of Haarlem and Leiden in the Netherlands. It was dug in 1657, making it one of the oldest canals in the Netherlands. It was the major means of transport between Leiden and Haarlem for almost two centuries until the rail connection was established in the 19th century. The original stops along the railway mirrored the toll bridges of the canal.

The canal runs through or borders the municipalities of Haarlem, Heemstede, Bloemendaal, Hillegom, Noordwijkerhout, Lisse, Teylingen, Oegstgeest, and Leiden.
Old Hundredth (short story)
"Old Hundredth" is a science fiction short story by British writer Brian Aldiss. It was first published in Airs of the Earth in 1963 and has been anthologised many times. It was included in The Golden Age of Science Fiction.

The Golden Age of Science Fiction (anthology)
The Golden Age of Science Fiction is an anthology of science fiction short stories all originally published between 1949 and 1962. The stories were selected and introduced by Kingsley Amis (1922-1995), who also wrote an Editor's Note and a 21-page Introduction.  The collection was first published by Hutchinson in 1981 and was released in paperback by Penguin in 1983.
Christian Tafdrup
Christian Tafdrup (born 8 April 1978) is a Danish actor, film director, and screenwriter. As a director, he is best known for his directorial debut Parents (2016) that won the 2017 Robert Award for Best Director, as well as his psychological thriller horror drama Speak No Evil (2022).

Robert Award for Best Director
The Robert Award for Best Director (Danish: Robert Prisen for årets instruktør) is presented at an annual Robert Award show hosted by the Danish Film Academy. The category was introduced in 2001 and all directors of Danish films irrespective of the language of the film are eligible. The winner is selected among five nominees.
HeadJam
HeadJam is a BBC Television game show hosted by Vernon Kay. It originally aired during the summer of 2004 on BBC Three, with a repeat soon afterwards on BBC Two.

It features two teams, each consisting of a member of the public and a celebrity. Celebrities included Claudia Winkleman, DJ Spoony, Joe Cornish, Lauren Laverne, Natalie Casey, Paddy O'Connell, Edith Bowman, Mark Durden-Smith, Julie Fernandez and Ed Byrne.

All the contestants and celebrity contestants play a variety of rounds, answering questions about popular culture. Rounds included Spoonerisms, guessing TV themes and film taglines, and general knowledge questions about specific years. The contestant with the most points at the end played a final round, named "HeadJam", in which the member of the public had to memorise and then deliver the answers to eight questions in order.

Ed Byrne (comedian)
Edward Cathal Byrne (born 16 April 1972) is an Irish actor and comedian. He has presented the British television shows Just for Laughs and Uncut! Best Unseen Ads, has been a guest on numerous television panel games and has appeared on a number of television cooking shows.
Lynd Ward
Lynd Kendall Ward (June 26, 1905 – June 28, 1985) was an American artist and novelist, known for his series of wordless novels using woodcuts, and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books. His wordless novels have influenced the development of the graphic novel. Although strongly associated with his wood engravings, he also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint. Ward was a son of Methodist minister, political organizer and radical social activist Harry F. Ward, the first chairman of the American Civil Liberties Union on its founding in 1920.

His best-known books are Gods' Man and his Caldecott-winning children's story, The Biggest Bear.

Hildegarde Swift
Hildegarde H. Swift (January 10, 1890 – January 10, 1977) was a writer of children's books. One of her books, Little Blacknose received the Newbery Honor Medal. She is best known for her book The Railroad to Freedom. She won the Newbery Honor in 1933.