hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Persistent homology
In topological data analysis, persistent homology is a method for computing topological features of a space at  different spatial resolutions. More persistent features are detected over a wide range of spatial scales and are deemed more likely to represent true features of the underlying space rather than artifacts of sampling, noise, or particular choice of parameters.

To find the persistent homology of a space, the space must first be represented as a simplicial complex. A distance function on the underlying space corresponds to a filtration of the simplicial complex, that is a nested sequence of increasing subsets. One common method of doing this is via taking the sublevel filtration of the distance to a point cloud, or equivalently, the offset filtration on the point cloud and taking its nerve in order to get the simplicial filtration known as Čech filtration. A similar construction uses a nested sequence of Vietoris–Rips complexes known as the Vietoris–Rips filtration.

Vietoris–Rips complex
In topology, the Vietoris–Rips complex, also called the Vietoris complex or Rips complex, is a way of forming a topological space from distances in a set of points. It is an abstract simplicial complex that can be defined from any metric space M and distance δ by forming a simplex for every finite set of points that has diameter no more than δ. That is, it is a family of finite subsets of M, in which we think of a subset of k points as forming a (k − 1)-dimensional simplex (an edge for two points, a triangle for three points, a tetrahedron for four points, etc.); if a finite set S has the property that the distance between every pair of points in S is at most δ, then we include S as a simplex in the complex.
BowLingual
BowLingual (バウリンガル), or "Bow-Lingual" as the North American version is spelled, is a computer-based dog language-to-human language translation device developed by Japanese toy company Takara and first sold in Japan in 2002. Versions for South Korea and the United States were launched in 2003. The device was named by Time magazine as one of the "Best Inventions of 2002." The inventors of BowLingual, Keita Satoh, Matsumi Suzuki and Norio Kogure were awarded the 2002 Ig Nobel Prize for "promoting peace and harmony between the species."

The device is presented as a "translator" but has been called an "emotion analyzer". It is said to categorize dog barks into one of six standardized emotional categories. BowLingual also provides a phrase which is representative of that emotion. The product instructions state that these phrases "are for entertainment purposes only" and are not meant to be accurate translations of each bark.

Takara
Takara Co., Ltd. (株式会社タカラ, Kabushiki gaisha Takara) was a Japanese toy company founded in 1955. In March 2006, the company merged with Tomy Company, Ltd. to form Takara Tomy. The Takara motto was「遊びは文化」("playing is culture").

The company focused on traditional toys and board games. They created the Licca-chan dolls, which has been referred to as "Japan's Barbie" in Western press. Some of the globally known toys and franchises that Takara invented include Transformers and Beyblade. Takara also held the license to localise and distribute Hasbro products in Japan including The Game of Life, Blythe dolls, Magic: The Gathering, Duel Masters trading card games. Takara was also involved in software, publishing video games based on its toys like Transformers and Choro Q / Penny Racers, porting SNK Neo Geo games to consoles, and the Battle Arena Toshinden series.
St Dominic, Downham Market
Saint Dominic's Church in Downham Market is the parish church serving the Roman Catholic population of Downham Market and the surrounding areas of Norfolk.

First opened in 1941, the church was finally fully consecrated upon receiving its stone altar in 2006. The parish received national attention in the 1970s when the then parish priest, Fr Oswald Baker, refused to adopt the new vernacular setting of the Mass.

The parish is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia.

Diocese of East Anglia
The Diocese of East Anglia (Latin: Diœcesis Angliæ Orientalis) is a  Latin diocese of the Catholic Church covering the counties of Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk in the East of England.  The diocese makes up part of the Catholic Association Pilgrimage.
Christopher Cabaldon
Christopher L. Cabaldon (born November 12, 1965) is a member of the California State Senate for the 3rd district (Solano, Yolo, Napa, Sonoma, Contra Costa, and Sacramento counties), serving since 2024. He is the first Filipino-American Senator in California history. He previously served as mayor of West Sacramento from 1998 to 2020, where was the longest-serving mayor in the city's history. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

The former California State Route 275 was renamed Cabaldon Parkway in 2022. Originally US Highway 40, Cabaldon Parkway is the western extension of Capitol Mall across the Tower Bridge, connecting West Sacramento and downtown Sacramento to US 50.

West Sacramento, California
West Sacramento (also known as West Sac) is a city in Yolo County, California, United States. The city is separated from Sacramento by the Sacramento River, which also separates Sacramento and Yolo counties. The population was 53,915 at the 2020 census, up from 48,744 at the 2010 census. The traditional industrial center of the region since the California gold rush era, West Sacramento is home to a diverse economy and is one of the area's top four employment centers.

The United States Conference of Mayors named West Sacramento as the Most Livable City in America in 2014 in the category of cities with fewer than 100,000 residents.

West Sacramento is part of the Sacramento–Arden Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area which has a population (2000) of approximately 1,796,857 (July 1, 2016, estimate placed the population at 2,296,418). Major industries to the region include agriculture, government, and transportation.
Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Female Artist
The following list shows the winners and nominees for the Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Female Artist. The award was first given in 2018 when gendered categories were added to the award show. SZA was the first winner, the most nominated artist in this category with four nominations, and has won this award the most with three wins.

Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Music Awards are honors given out annually by Billboard, a publication covering the music business and a music popularity chart. The Billboard Music Awards show has been held annually since 1990, with the exception of the years 2007 through 2010. The event was previously staged in December, but has been held in May since returning in 2011. On October 19, 2023, it was announced that the award ceremony will be reformatted as a digital-only show and move from broadcast television to its website and Billboard's social media pages, starting with the 2023 edition on November 19, but in 2024, the show aired on Fox.
The Burkiss Way
The Burkiss Way is a BBC Radio 4 sketch comedy series, originally broadcast between August 1976 and November 1980. It was written by Andrew Marshall and David Renwick, with additional material in series 1 and 2 by John Mason, Colin Bostock-Smith, Douglas Adams, John Lloyd, Tom Magee Englefield and Liz Pollock.

The first series of the show starred Denise Coffey, Chris Emmett, Nigel Rees and Fred Harris. From series 2 onwards the show starred Jo Kendall, Chris Emmett, Nigel Rees and Fred Harris. The series had three producers, announced as "Simon Brett of Stepney", "John Lloyd of Europe" and "David 'Hatch of the BBC' Hatch".

The show's humour was based on surrealism and literary and media parodies, sprinkled with puns.

Jo Kendall
Josephine Mary Robinson, better known by her stage name Jo Kendall (17 February 1940 – 29 January 2022) was a British actress and writer. She was known for her work on the BBC radio comedy show I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again, which debuted in 1964, and for her role as Peggy Skilbeck on the ITV soap opera Emmerdale (then Emmerdale Farm) from 1972 to 1973, in which she also spoke the programme's first line of dialogue in the inaugural episode.
Mahmoud Sadeghi
Mahmoud Sadeghi (Persian: محمود صادقی) is an Iranian lawyer, jurist, academic and reformist politician who was a member of the Parliament of Iran representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr electoral district from May 2016 to May 2020.

Iranian reformists
The Reformists (Persian: اصلاح‌طلبان, romanized: Eslâh-Talabân) are an Islamic liberal political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 Iranian presidential election, and was subsequently confirmed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 28 July.
Monaragala District
Monaragala (Sinhala: මොණරාගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, Tamil: மொணராகலை மாவட்டம்) is a district in Uva Province of Sri Lanka. It is the second largest of the 25 districts in Sri Lanka, with an area of 5,636 km2 (2,176 sq mi).

Uva Province
The Uva Province (IPA: [uːʋə], Sinhala: ඌව පළාත, romanized: Ūva Paḷāta, Tamil: ஊவா மாகாணம், romanized: Ūvā Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 8,500 km2 and a population of 1,266,463, making it the 2nd least populated province. The provincial capital is Badulla.

Uva is bordered by the Eastern, Southern, Sabaragamuwa, and Central provinces. It is home to several tourist attractions, waterfalls and two national parks: Yala National Park and Gal Oya National Park.
Liu Fuliang
Liu Fuliang (born 16 November 1985) is a Paralympian athlete from China competing mainly in T46 classification track and field events.

Liu represented his country at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, where he competed in three events, the 100 metre relay and his favoured long jump and triple jump. He finished on the podium in all three events, taking the gold medal in both the jump events and was part of the Chinese relay team that took the silver medal. As well as Paralympic success, Liu dominated both the long jump and triple jump events in the T46/47 classification at the World Championships between the Games in London and Rio. He took the gold medal in both the events in the 2013 World Championships in Lyon, and repeated this feat at the 2015 Championship in Doha.

2013 IPC Athletics World Championships
The 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships was the biggest track and field competition for athletes with a disability since the 2012 Summer Paralympics. It was held in Lyon, France, and lasted from 20 to 28 July. Around 1,100 athletes competed, from 94 different countries. The event was held in the Stade du Rhône located at the Parc de Parilly in Vénissieux, in Lyon Metropolis.
Richmond County Public Schools
Richmond County Public Schools (RCPS), the K–12 public school district in Richmond County, Virginia, serves about 1300 total students. It operates three schools: Richmond County Elementary-Middle school, Rappahannock High School, and Mackey-Thompson Learning Center.

Richmond County, Virginia
Richmond County is a county located on the Northern Neck in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population sits at 8,923. Its county seat is Warsaw. The rural county should not be confused with the large city and state capital Richmond, Virginia. It was formed in 1692 when the first Rappahannock County was divided to form Richmond County and Essex County.
Longford County Council
Longford County Council (Irish: Comhairle Chontae an Longfoirt) is the local authority of County Longford, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 18 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, Paddy Mahon. The county town is Longford.

Longford
Longford (Irish: An Longfort) is the county town of County Longford in Ireland. It had a population of 10,952 at the 2022 census. It is the biggest town in the county and about one third of the county's population lives there. Longford lies at the meeting of Ireland's N4 and N5 roads, which means that traffic travelling between Dublin and County Mayo, or north County Roscommon passes around the town. Longford railway station, on the Dublin-Sligo line, is used heavily by commuters.
Masters of Disaster (comics)
The Masters of Disaster are a team of supervillains appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. They are a group of mercenary metahumans whose superhuman abilities correspond to a force of nature: earth, wind, fire, and water.

The Masters of Disaster appeared in the second season of the live-action television series Black Lightning.

Volcana (DC Comics)
Volcana (Claire Selton) is a supervillain in Superman: The Animated Series and Justice League. Voiced by Peri Gilpin, she made her first appearance in the episode "Where There's Smoke". Her first major comic book appearance was in Black Lightning (vol. 3) #2 (December 2024), though prior to this, the character made a brief cameo in Superman 80-Page Giant (vol. 2) #1 (May 2010).
Walsall Leather Museum
Walsall Leather Museum is located in Walsall, in the West Midlands in England, and was opened in 1988, in a Victorian factory building renovated by Walsall Council. It tells the story of the leather trade in Walsall, charting the town's rise from a small market town into an international saddle-making centre.

Walsall
Walsall (/ˈwɔːlsɔːl/, or /ˈwɒlsɔːl/; locally /ˈwɔːsʊl/) is a market town and administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall, part of The Black Country in the West Midlands, England. Historically part of Staffordshire, it is located 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Birmingham, 7 miles (11 km) east of Wolverhampton and 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Lichfield.

Walsall was transferred from Staffordshire to the newly created West Midlands county in 1974. At the 2011 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 67,594, with the wider borough having a population of 269,323. Neighbouring settlements in the borough include Darlaston, Brownhills, Pelsall, Willenhall, Bloxwich and Aldridge.
National Finals Breakaway Roping
The National Finals Breakaway Roping (NFBR), organized by the Women's Professional Rodeo Association (WPRA) and Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA), is the premier championship breakaway roping event in the United States. It showcases the talents of the WPRA's top 15 money winners in the breakaway roping world standings at the end of the regular season as they compete for the world championship.

Women's Professional Rodeo Association
The Women's Professional Rodeo Association (WPRA) is one of the largest rodeo sanctioning bodies in the world and is open exclusively to women eighteen years of age and older. Headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the Association currently has over 3,000 members from all over the contiguous United States, Canada, and Australia.

In 2004, WPRA members competed for nearly $5 million in total prize money at rodeos in the United States and co-sanctioned Canadian Professional Rodeo Association (CPRA) events in Canada.
2011 Linafoot
The 2011 Linafoot season was the 50th season of Top League Linafoot in DR Congo. Defending champions are AS Vita from Kinshasa. Seventeen teams entered the competition. TP Mazembe won the championship.

TP Mazembe
Tout Puissant Mazembe, commonly referred to as TP Mazembe, is a Congolese professional football club based in Lubumbashi. They were the first African and the first outside of Europe and South America to play in a Club World Cup final, losing 3-0 against Inter Milan in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup edition, finishing runners-up.
Amazon Theatre
The Amazon Theatre (Portuguese: Teatro Amazonas) is an opera house located in Manaus, Brazil, in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. It is the location of the annual Festival Amazonas de Ópera (Amazonas Opera Festival) and the home of the Amazonas Philharmonic Orchestra which regularly rehearses and performs at the Amazon Theatre along with choirs, musical concerts and other performances.

More than 126 years old, it represents the city's heyday during the rubber boom. It was chosen by the magazine Vogue as one of the most beautiful opera houses in the world.

Festival Amazonas de Ópera
The Festival Amazonas de Ópera (Amazonas Opera Festival) is an annual festival of opera presented in the Amazon Theatre (Teatro Amazonas) in Manaus, Brazil.  The Amazonas Philharmonic is the official orchestra of the Festival, which is held every year from March until May.  In 2011 the orchestra completed its 15th consecutive year of participation in the festival.

In April 2008, the opera, Ça Ira by Roger Waters (from the musical group, Pink Floyd) was performed by the Amazonas Philharmonic at the opening of the XII Festival Amazonas de Ópera, with Luiz Fernando Malheiro conducting.
Tremandraceae
Tremandraceae R.Br. ex DC. is the name of a defunct family of flowering plants. It contained three genera: Platytheca, Tetratheca, and Tremandra. In 2006, a molecular phylogenetic study showed that Tremandraceae is embedded in Elaeocarpaceae. Recognizing Tremandraceae as a separate family would make Elaeocarpaceae paraphyletic.

Tremandraceae was first recognized by Robert Brown in 1814, as Tremandreae, before the suffix - aceae was used to denote plant families. Brown's name was not validly published, but the name was validated by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1824. The name Tremandreae is still sometimes used for this group, but at the taxonomic rank of tribe.

Tetratheca
Tetratheca is a genus of around 50 to 60 species of shrubs  endemic to Australia. It is classified in the botanical family Elaeocarpaceae, now known to encompass the family Tremandraceae, which the genus originally belonged to. It occurs throughout extratropical Australia, and has been recorded in every mainland state except the Northern Territory.
Dmae Roberts
Dmae Roberts, aka D. Roberts, is a Taiwanese-American independent public radio producer, writer, actress and playwright. Much of her work focuses on cross-cultural issues or personal storytelling. Roberts was born in Taipei, Taiwan and grew up in Japan until she was eight. Her family moved to Junction City, Oregon when she was 10 years old. Roberts moved to Eugene, Oregon and graduated from the University of Oregon with a B.S. in journalism. Roberts relocated to Portland in 1989 to pursue her acting career while continuing to do her national radio work. She is executive producer of the nonprofit MediaRites. She is a member and former board member of the Association of Independents in Radio as well as a member of the Asian American Journalists Association.

Junction City, Oregon
Junction City is a city in Lane County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 6,747.

The Junction City area is notable for its Scandinavian heritage, with the city's Scandinavian Festival attracting over 100,000 visitors annually. Junction City was previously a center of recreational vehicle manufacturing.
Victory Unintentional
"Victory Unintentional" is a humorous science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov, published in the August 1942 issue of Super Science Stories and included in the collections The Rest of the Robots (1964) and The Complete Robot (1982).

The Complete Robot
The Complete Robot (1982) is a collection of 31 of the 37 science fiction short stories about robots by American writer Isaac Asimov, written between 1939 and 1977. Most of the stories had been previously collected in the books I, Robot and The Rest of the Robots, while four had previously been uncollected and the rest had been scattered across five other anthologies. They share a theme of the interaction of humans, robots and morality, and put together tell a larger story of Asimov's fictional history of robotics. The stories are grouped into categories.
Wolf Creek (Great Miami River tributary)
Wolf Creek is a 19.8-mile-long (31.9 km) tributary of the Great Miami River in southwestern Ohio in the United States.  It rises in western Montgomery County, northwest of Brookville, and flows generally southeast, passing through the center of Trotwood and joining the Great Miami in downtown Dayton.

Wolf Creek was named for the frequent wolves seen there in pioneer days.

It was one of the streams that flooded during the Great Dayton Flood of 1913, resulting in the creation of the Miami Conservancy District.

Sycamore Woods State Park, the only state park in Montgomery County, lies along Wolf Creek.  The 3,000-acre (12 km2) park offers horseback riding, hiking, hunting, and group camping.

Trotwood, Ohio
Trotwood is a city in Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. The population was 23,070 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Dayton, it is part of the Dayton metropolitan area. The city is served by the Trotwood-Madison City School District.
Houston Cougars men's basketball
The Houston Cougars men's basketball team represents the University of Houston in Houston, Texas, in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition. They compete as members of the Big 12 Conference. In addition to 26 NCAA tournament appearances, the Cougars have won 22 conference championships and have had several players and a coach elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.

Clyde Drexler
Clyde Austin Drexler Sr. (born June 22, 1962) is an American former professional basketball player who currently works as the commissioner of the Big3 3-on-3 basketball league. Nicknamed "Clyde the Glide", he played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), spending a majority of his career with the Portland Trail Blazers before finishing with the Houston Rockets. He was a ten-time NBA All-Star, five time All-NBA Selection, and was named to the NBA's 50th and 75th anniversary teams. Drexler led Portland to the NBA Finals in 1990 and 1992, won an NBA championship with Houston in 1995, and earned a gold medal on the 1992 United States Olympic team known as "The Dream Team". He was inducted twice into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, in 2004 for his individual career and in 2010 as a member of the "Dream Team". Drexler is often considered among the top basketball players and top shooting guards of all time.
ASL Airlines Ireland
ASL Airlines Ireland (ASLI), formerly Air Contractors, is a cargo airline with an extensive operations network. It operates scheduled freight services throughout Europe on behalf of major parcel integrators such as Amazon, FedEx Feeder and DHL Express; and some wet lease services for scheduled airlines. ASL Aviation Holdings, the parent company of ASL Airlines Ireland, is headquartered in Swords, County Dublin, Ireland.

Swords, County Dublin
Swords (Irish: Sord [sˠoːɾˠd̪ˠ] or Sord Cholmcille) in County Dublin, the county town of the local government area of Fingal, is a large suburban town on the east coast of Ireland, situated ten kilometres north of Dublin city centre. It is the eighth largest urban area in Ireland, with a population of 40,776 as of the 2022 census. The town was reputedly founded c. AD 560. Located on the Ward River, Swords features Swords Castle, a restored medieval castle, a holy well from which it takes its name, a round tower and a Norman tower. Facilities in the area include the Pavilions shopping centre, one of the largest in the Dublin region, a range of civic offices, some light industries, the main storage facility and archive of the National Museum of Ireland and several parks. Dublin Airport is located nearby.

The name "Swords" gives its name to a townland of Swords Demesne, a civil parish, and a local electoral area.