hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tughril II
Rukn al-Dunya wa'l-Din Abu Talib Tughril bin Muhammad (c. 1109 – 24 October 1134) known as Tughril II was the Sejluk sultan of Persian Iraq briefly in 1132. He maintained power through the support of his uncle, the principal Seljuk sultan Ahmad Sanjar (r. 1118–1157); when the latter left for Transoxiana to suppress a rebellion in 1132, Tughril II lost Iraq to his rival and brother Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud. Tughril II briefly took refuge in the domain of the Bavandid ispahbad (ruler) Ali I (r. 1118–1142) in Mazandaran, where he stayed during the whole winter of 1132–1133. He subsequently captured the capital Hamadan, but was stricken with sickness and died on his arrival to the capital, in October/November 1134. After his death, his son Arslan was raised by the atabeg Eldiguz, who installed him on the throne in 1161.

Eldiguz
Shams al-Din Ildeniz, Eldigüz or Shamseddin Eldeniz (Persian: اتابک شمس‌الدین ایلدگز, died c. 1175–1176) was an atabeg of the Seljuq empire and founder of the dynasty of Eldiguzids, atabegs of Azerbaijan, which held sway over Armenia, Iranian Azerbaijan, and most of northwestern Persia from the second half of the 12th century to the early decades of the 13th.
Counties 1 Midlands West (North)
Counties 1 Midlands West (North) (formerly Midands 2 West (North)) is a level 7 English rugby union league and level 3 of the Midlands League, made up of clubs from the northern part of the West Midlands region including Shropshire, Staffordshire, parts of Birmingham and the West Midlands and occasionally Cheshire, with home and away matches played throughout the season.  When this division began in 1992 it was known as Midlands West 1, until it was split into two regional divisions called Midlands 3 West (North) and Midlands 3 West (South) ahead of the 2000–01 season.   Further restructuring of the Midlands leagues ahead of the 2009–10 season, saw it changed to Midlands 2 West (North) and post the Rugby Football Union (RFU)'s Adult Competition Review, from season 2022–23 it adopted its current name.

Sutton Coldfield are the current champions.

Leek RUFC
Leek Rugby Club is an English rugby union team based in the village of Cheddleton, near Leek, Staffordshire. The first XV currently play in Regional 1 North West, a fifth tier league in the English rugby union system. This is the highest level at which the club has played and follows promotion as champions from Regional 2 North Midlands in 2022–23. The club also runs two other senior teams, a colts side and junior teams for both boys and girls.
1999 Düzce earthquake
The 1999 Düzce earthquake occurred on 12 November at 18:57:22 local time with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), causing damage and at least 845 fatalities in Düzce, Turkey. The epicenter was approximately 100 km (62 mi) to the east of the extremely destructive 1999 İzmit earthquake that happened nearly three months earlier. Both strike-slip earthquakes were caused by movement on the North Anatolian Fault.

Düzce
Düzce (Turkish pronunciation: [dyz'dʒe]) is a city in northwestern Turkey, the capital city of Düzce Province, the eighty-first province in the country. It is the seat of Düzce District. Its population is 194,097 (as of 2022).
Heaven's Will (manga)
Heaven's Will (ヘブンズウィル, Hebunzu Uiru) is a shōjo manga series written by Satoru Takamiya. The manga was serialized in Japan in the manga magazine ChuChu from January 2006 to April 2006.

Heaven's Will is published in English by VIZ Media.

Viz Media
Viz Media, LLC is an American entertainment company, focused on publishing manga, and distributing and licensing Japanese anime, films, and television series.

The company was founded in 1986 as Viz, LLC. In 2005, Viz and ShoPro Entertainment merged to form the current Viz Media, which is owned by Japanese publishing conglomerates Shueisha and Shogakukan, as well as Japanese production company Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions (ShoPro). In 2017, Viz Media was the largest publisher of graphic novels in the United States in the bookstore market, with a 23% share of the market.
Livin' on the Fault Line
Livin' on the Fault Line is the seventh studio album by the American rock band the Doobie Brothers. The album was released on August 19, 1977, by Warner Bros. Records. It is one of the few Doobie Brothers albums of the 1970s which did not produce a Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 (although "You Belong to Me" was a hit as recorded by co-author Carly Simon). Still, the album received modest critical acclaim. Tom Johnston (guitar, vocals) left the band early in the sessions. He is listed as part of the band (appearing in the inside group photo) but appears on little or none of the actual album: he wrote and sang five songs during the sessions for the album, but they were not included on the final release. The track "Little Darling (I Need You)" is a remake of the Marvin Gaye 1966 hit.

Ted Templeman
Edward John Templeman (born October 24, 1942) is an American musician and record producer. Among the acts with whom he has had a long relationship are the rock bands Doobie Brothers and Van Halen and the singer Van Morrison; he produced multiple critically acclaimed and commercially successful albums for each of them.
Melissani Cave
Melissani Cave (Greek: Λιμνοσπήλαιο Μελισσάνης) or Melissani Lake, also Melisani is a cave and cenote located on the island of Kefalonia, northwest of Sami, about 5 km (3.1 mi) Southeast of Agia Effimia, Northeast of Argostoli and Northwest of Poros. This sinkhole was created when a collapse of limestone bedrock exposed groundwater in 1953, creating the cenote. The Ionian Sea lies to the east with the Strait of Ithaca. Forests surround the cave and the mountain slope is to the west. Near the cave is the entry to the cave with parking lots and is passed almost in the middle of the main road linking Sami and Agia Efimia especially to the northern part of the island. Some say the water is so clear the boats look like they are floating on air.

Argostoli
Argostoli (Greek: Αργοστόλι, romanized: Argostóli, Katharevousa: Ἀργοστόλιον, romanized: Argostólion) is a town and a municipality on the island of Kefalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is one of the three municipalities on the island. It has been the capital and administrative centre of Kefalonia since 1757, following a population shift down from the old capital of Agios Georgios, also known as Kastro, to take advantage of the trading opportunities provided by the sheltered bay upon which Argostoli sits.

Argostoli developed into one of the busiest ports in Greece, leading to prosperity and growth. The municipality has an area of 377.0 km2 and the municipal unit (the pre-2010 municipality) has an area of 157.670 km2. The 2021 census recorded a population of 13,666 in the Argostoli municipal unit, and 23,574 in the municipality in its post-2019 extension.
Return to Peyton Place (film)
Return to Peyton Place is a 1961 American drama film in color by De Luxe and CinemaScope, produced by Jerry Wald, directed by José Ferrer, and starring Carol Lynley, Tuesday Weld, Jeff Chandler, Eleanor Parker, Mary Astor, and Robert Sterling. The screenplay by Ronald Alexander is based on the 1959 novel Return to Peyton Place by Grace Metalious. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox and is a sequel to their earlier film Peyton Place (1957).

The film's storyline centers on the life and loves of bestselling author Allison MacKenzie. She has followed in the footsteps of her mother Constance by having an affair with a married man, her publisher Lewis Jackman (Chandler). She goes on to publish a  tell-all novel that fictionalizes the scandal, homicide, suicide, incest, and moral hypocrisy that belies the tranquil façade of her hometown. She is quickly criticized by friends, family, and neighbors as a result.

Luciana Paluzzi
Luciana Paluzzi (born 10 June 1937) is an Italian actress. She is perhaps best known for playing SPECTRE assassin Fiona Volpe in the fourth James Bond film, Thunderball, but she had important roles in notable films of the 1960s and 1970s in both the Italian film industry and Hollywood, including Chuka, The Green Slime, 99 Women, Black Gunn, War Goddess, The Klansman and The Sensuous Nurse.
Pilleth
Pilleth (Welsh: Pilalau) is a small village south of Knighton in Powys, Wales in the traditional county of Radnorshire. It is the site of the ancient church and holy well of St. Mary’s which stands on Bryn Glas Hill overlooking the River Lugg, as it makes its way to Presteigne.

Until 1983 Pilleth was a community.

Battle of Bryn Glas
The Battle of Bryn Glas (also known as the Battle of Pilleth) was a battle between the Welsh and English on 22 June 1402, near the towns of Knighton and Presteigne in Powys, Wales. It was part of the Glyndŵr rebellion of 1400-1415. It was an important victory for the Welsh under Owain Glyndŵr, as it resulted in the prolongation of the Welsh war of independence and the destabilisation of English politics for several years afterward.
Tomorrow Tonight
"Tomorrow Tonight" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Craig Campbell.  It was released to radio on June 8, 2015, as the lead-off single to his upcoming third studio album, yet to be announced.  The song was written by Campbell, Justin Wilson, and Vicky McGehee.

Craig Campbell (singer)
Craig Campbell (born February 10, 1979) is an American country music singer. He signed to Bigger Picture Music Group and has released two albums: Craig Campbell (2011) and Never Regret (2013). He has had eight singles on the country charts.
Willoughby East
Willoughby East is a suburb on the lower North Shore of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Willoughby East is located 9 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Willoughby.

North Shore (Sydney)
The North Shore is a region within Northern Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia, generally referring to suburbs located on the northern side of Sydney Harbour up to Hornsby, and suburbs between Middle Harbour and the Lane Cove River. The term "North Shore", used to describe this region of Sydney is customary, not legal or administrative, and is often subjective.

Due to the area's greenery and manicured lawns, it has earned the nickname the 'Leafy North Shore'.
Vriend v Alberta
Vriend v Alberta [1998] 1 S.C.R. 493 is a landmark Supreme Court of Canada case that determined that a legislative omission can be the subject of a Charter violation. The case involved a dismissal of a teacher because of his sexual orientation and was an issue of great controversy during that period.

Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, commonly known as the notwithstanding clause (French: clause dérogatoire or French: clause nonobstant), allows the Parliament of Canada or provincial and territorial legislatures to temporarily override sections 2 and 7 through 15 of the Charter.
Archbishop Murphy High School
Archbishop Thomas J. Murphy High School is a co-educational private Catholic college-preparatory high school located in Everett, Washington, United States. Founded as Holy Cross High School in 1988 at the old site of Our Lady Of Perpetual Help grade school, it was renamed Archbishop Murphy High School in 1999 and moved to its present location in the October of that year.

The school serves students grades nine through twelve; enrollment has increased from 23 students in 1988 to approximately 467 in 2019.

It is named for Thomas Joseph Murphy, the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Seattle from 1991 until his death in 1997.

Archdiocese of Seattle
The Archdiocese of Seattle (Latin: Archidiœcesis Seattlensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western Washington State in the United States. The diocese was known as the Diocese of Nesqually from 1850 to 1907. The mother church of the archdiocese is St. James Cathedral in Seattle. Its archbishop is Paul D. Etienne. The archdiocese succeeded to the Diocese of Nesqually headquartered in Vancouver, Washington, established in 1850 as a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Oregon City. The diocese was elevated to metropolitan archdiocesan status in 1951.
Wushe Dam
Wushe Dam (Chinese: 霧社壩; pinyin: Wùshè Bà) is a gravity dam forming Wushe Reservoir (霧社水庫; Wùshè Shuǐkù), also called Wanda Reservoir (萬大水庫; Wàndà Shuǐkù) and Bihu (碧湖; Bìhú), on the Wushe Creek (霧社溪; Wùshè Xī), a tributary of the Zhuoshui River, located in Ren-ai Township, Nantou County, Taiwan. The dam was completed in 1960 after seven years of construction and mainly serves to generate hydroelectric power.

Ren'ai, Nantou
24°02′46.4″N 121°07′49.6″E﻿ / ﻿24.046222°N 121.130444°E﻿ / 24.046222; 121.130444

Ren'ai Township (Chinese: 仁愛鄉; pinyin: Rén'ài Xiāng; Wade–Giles: Jen2-ai4 Hsiang1) is a mountain indigenous township in Nantou County, Taiwan. It has a population total of 15,670 and an area of 1,273.5312 km2, making it the second largest township by area in the county after Xinyi Township. The populations is mainly of the indigenous Seediq, Atayal and Bunun peoples. At an average elevation of 1,669 m (5,476 ft), it is one of the highest settlements in Taiwan.
KTHNY theory
In statistical mechanics, the Kosterlitz–Thouless–Halperin–Nelson–Young (KTHNY) theory describes the process of melting of crystals in two dimensions (2D). The name is derived from the initials of the surnames of  John Michael Kosterlitz, David J. Thouless, Bertrand Halperin, David R. Nelson, and A. Peter Young, who developed the theory in the 1970s. It is, beside the Ising model in 2D and the XY model in 2D, one of the few theories which can be solved analytically and which predicts a phase transition at a temperature .

Disclination
In crystallography, a disclination is a line defect in which there is compensation of an angular gap. They were first discussed by Vito Volterra in 1907, who provided an analysis of the elastic strains of a wedge disclination. By analogy to dislocations in crystals, the term, disinclination, was first used by Charles Frank and since then has been modified to its current usage, disclination. As pointed out by John D. Eshelby, there is an intricate connection between disclinations and dislocations, with dislocation motion moving the position of a disclination.

Disclinations occur in many different materials, including liquid crystals, nanoparticles with decahedral or icosahedral symmetries, and in elastically distorted materials.
Sedgwick station (CTA)
Sedgwick is an 'L' station on the CTA's Brown Line, Purple Line Express trains also stop at the station during weekday rush hours. It is an elevated station with two side platforms, located in Chicago's Old Town neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. The adjacent stations are Armitage, which is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the northwest, and Chicago, located about one mile (1.6 km) to the south.

Old Town, Chicago
Old Town is a neighborhood and historic district in Near North Side and Lincoln Park, Chicago, Illinois. It contains many of Chicago's older, Victorian-era buildings, including St. Michael's Church, one of seven buildings to survive the Great Chicago Fire.
Rauzan
Rauzan (French pronunciation: [ʁozɑ̃]; Occitan: Rausan) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It contains the ruins of a castle, the Château de Rauzan, a tourist attraction.

Château de Rauzan
Château de Rauzan is a castle in the French commune of Rauzan, in the Gironde département of France.

Built by John Lackland, Duke of Normandy (1199–1204), Duke of Guyenne (1199–1216) and King of England 1199–1216, the castle was built on a rock occupied since ancient times. Witness of the Hundred year War, the castle was captured twice by the French.

It has been listed since 1862 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. From 1970, the commune of Rauzan, owner since 1900, and lovers of medieval architecture, have undertaken work of clearing and restoration.
North River, New York
North River is a hamlet in the Town of Johnsburg, in Upstate New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains.  It is located on the upper Hudson River, five miles north of the hamlet of North Creek in Warren County, on the northern border with Hamilton County.

Historically, North River was one of the centers of the New York State garnet industry.  The last remaining garnet mine in New York is located in North River.  The hardest garnets in the world come from the Adirondacks and are still in demand, especially for industrial use.  There is also a former garnet mine, the Hooper Mine, that is a tourist site.

A local attraction is Gore Mountain, one of the tallest in New York and a skiing center.

43°44′19″N 74°02′55″W﻿ / ﻿43.73861°N 74.04861°W﻿ / 43.73861; -74.04861

Johnsburg, New York
Johnsburg is a town in the northwestern corner of Warren County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town population was 2,143 at the 2020 census. The town is named after John Thurman, an early settler and founder. Johnsburg is the largest town in Warren County by area.
Chiayi-class offshore patrol vessel
The Chiayi-class patrol vessel is a heavy patrol vessel of the Coast Guard Administration of Taiwan. The design is based on Fincantieri Vard Marine's VARD 7 125 offshore patrol vessel design. Four ships are planned. All four are planned to be constructed by CSBC Corporation, Taiwan.

CSBC Corporation, Taiwan
CSBC Corporation, Taiwan (Chinese: 台灣國際造船; pinyin: Táiwān Guójì Zàochuán, literally "Taiwan International Shipbuilding Corporation") is a company that produces ships for civilian and military use in Taiwan. It is headquartered in Kaohsiung, with shipyards in Kaohsiung and Keelung. For decades it was a state-owned enterprise which also produced commercial vessels for foreign customers, but it was privatized in 2008, involving an IPO.
JioCinema
JioCinema was an Indian subscription video-on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Viacom18. The service was merged with Disney+ Hotstar on 14 February 2025, to form JioHotstar.

In April 2022, the service was brought under Reliance's Viacom18 joint venture, backed by new funding from Uday Shankar and James Murdoch's Bodhi Tree Systems. JioCinema began to subsume Viacom18's existing streaming platform Voot later that year, beginning with sports programming in October, and Voot being officially discontinued in favour of JioCinema in August 2023.

Muse Communication
Muse Communication Co., Ltd. (also known simply as Muse) is a Taiwanese distributor and licensor that specializes in the distribution of Japanese animation. Based in Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, the company also distributes Asian and European films in Taiwan. It has licenses for several popular anime series and tokusatsu such as Fairy Tail: 100 Years Quest, Attack on Titan, Sword Art Online, Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, One-Punch Man, Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World, Spy × Family, Saint Seiya, Hunter × Hunter, Pretty Cure Series, Kamen Rider Series, Super Sentai, and many more.
The Tired Sounds of Stars of the Lid
The Tired Sounds of Stars of the Lid (also known as The Tired Sounds Of) is the sixth studio album by the ambient music group Stars of the Lid. It was released on October 29, 2001, via Kranky, and was recorded by the group through sending tapes to each other. It received positive reviews from critics for its composition, and would be considered as the sixth best ambient album of all time by Pitchfork. The album is mainly composed of drones, string instruments, and horns, and spans two CDs. Kranky would later repress vinyl copies in 2015, because it was out of print.

Stars of the Lid
Stars of the Lid is an American ambient music project that formerly consisted of Brian McBride and Adam Wiltzie. The duo formed in Austin, Texas, in 1992. They have been acclaimed for their music incorporating droning, effects-treated guitars along with piano, strings, and horns, described as "divine, classical drone without the tedious intrusion of drums or vocals." After McBride's death in 2023, Wiltzie remains the sole member.
File descriptor
In Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a file descriptor (FD, less frequently fildes) is a process-unique identifier (handle) for a file or other input/output resource, such as a pipe or network socket.

File descriptors typically have non-negative integer values, with negative values being reserved to indicate "no value" or error conditions.

File descriptors are a part of the POSIX API.  Each Unix process (except perhaps daemons) should have three standard POSIX file descriptors, corresponding to the three standard streams:

Standard streams
In computer programming, standard streams are preconnected input and output communication channels between a computer program and its environment when it begins execution. The three input/output (I/O) connections are called standard input (stdin), standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr). Originally I/O happened via a physically connected system console (input via keyboard, output via monitor), but standard streams abstract this. When a command is executed via an interactive shell, the streams are typically connected to the text terminal on which the shell is running, but can be changed with redirection or a pipeline. More generally, a child process inherits the standard streams of its parent process.
Nino Mangione
Antonino D. "Nino" Mangione (/ˌmændʒiˈoʊni/ ⓘ MAN-jee-OH-nee; born April 1, 1987) is an American politician and radio host who is a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing District 42A since 2023, and District 42B from 2019 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as a Baltimore County co-chair for the state's Trump Victory Leadership County team.

Maryland Legislative District 42
Maryland's Legislative District 42 is one of 47 districts in the state for the Maryland General Assembly. It covers part of Baltimore County. The district is divided into three sub-districts for the Maryland House of Delegates: District 42A, District 42B, and District 42C.
Computer Aided Verification
In computer science, the International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV) is an annual academic conference on the theory and practice of computer-aided formal analysis of software and hardware systems, broadly known as formal methods. Among the important results originally published in CAV are techniques in model checking, such as Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement and partial order reduction. It is often ranked among the top conferences in computer science.

The first CAV was held in 1989 in Grenoble, France. The CAV proceedings (1989-present) are published by Springer Science+Business Media. They have been open access since 2018. The annual CAV Award was established in 2008. The list of recipients and citations can be found at https://i-cav.org/cav-award/.

Partial order reduction
In computer science, partial order reduction is a technique for reducing the size of the state-space to be searched by a model checking or automated planning and scheduling algorithm. It exploits the commutativity of concurrently executed transitions that result in the same state when executed in different orders.

In explicit state space exploration, partial order reduction usually refers to the specific technique of expanding a representative subset of all enabled transitions. This technique has also been described as model checking with representatives. There are various versions of the method, the so-called stubborn set method, ample set method, and persistent set method.