hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernest Leclère
Ernest Leclère (April 22, 1865 – May 27, 1938) was a Luxembourgish politician.  A member of Luxembourg's Chamber of Deputies for the Socialist Party, he served two short stints as a minister during the German occupation during the First World War.  His first position was as the Director-General for the Interior from 3 March 1915 until 6 November 1915.  Later he served in the first National Union Government as Director-General for Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry from 3 January 1917 until 19 June 1917.

National Union Government (1916)
The National Union Government was a form of national government headed by Victor Thorn that governed the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg between 24 February 1916 and 19 June 1917, at the height of the First World War.  At the time, Luxembourg was occupied by the German Empire, but the occupying Germans had promised not to interfere in the country's political machinations, provided that the Luxembourgish government did not aid Germany's enemies.  Nonetheless, political life was dominated by the crisis that had enveloped Europe.
Ganesh Bagler
Ganesh Bagler is an Indian scientist known for his work in computational gastronomy, an interdisciplinary field that applies data science and complex systems to culinary practices and food systems. His research spans global cuisines, and explores phenomena such as food pairing, flavor networks, and the cultural and health aspects of food. As of 2025, he was a professor at the Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi.

Computational gastronomy
Computational gastronomy is an interdisciplinary field combining computational science with culinary studies. It applies data-driven techniques to analyze various aspects of food, including recipes, flavors, nutrition, and sustainability. The field utilizes advancements in data analytics, machine learning, and computational models to systematically study food and optimize culinary practices. Applications of computational gastronomy include recipe optimization, flavor profiling, nutritional analysis, and personalized dietary recommendations.
Tom Vandergriff
Tommy Joe Vandergriff  (January 29, 1926 – December 30, 2010) was a politician from Texas. He served as Mayor of Arlington from 1951 to 1977, as a U.S. Representative from Texas's 26th congressional district from 1983 to 1985, and as County Judge of Tarrant County from 1991 to 2007. For the greater part of his life, Vandergriff was a Democrat, but he became a Republican around 1990.

As Mayor, he was instrumental in several projects, including a new General Motors assembly plant, moving a Major League Baseball franchise to Arlington, and the opening of Six Flags over Texas.

Texas's 26th congressional district
Texas' 26th congressional district of the United States House of Representatives includes rural Cooke County to the north and some of Wise County to the West and includes parts of Denton County, including Flower Mound, Lewisville and parts of Corinth, Carrollton, Little Elm and The Colony. The current Representative is Brandon Gill.  The district is best known as the seat of former House Majority Leader Dick Armey.
2022 Trofeo Faip–Perrel – Doubles
Zdeněk Kolář and Jiří Lehečka were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Henri Squire and Jan-Lennard Struff won the title after defeating Jonathan Eysseric and Albano Olivetti 6–4, 6–7(5–7), [10–7] in the final.

Henri Squire
Henri Squire (born 27 September 2000) is a German tennis player.
He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 169, achieved on 15 July 2024, and a doubles ranking of No. 345, attained on 28 August 2023.

He played two seasons of college tennis for Wake Forest and became 2021 ACC Freshman of the Year and 2021 First-Team all ACC Singles.
Monthly Climatic Data for the World
Monthly Climatic Data for the World (MCDW) is a monthly publication of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) division of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States. According to the website, each monthly issue "contains monthly mean temperature, pressure, precipitation, vapor pressure, and sunshine for approximately 2,000 surface data collection stations worldwide and monthly mean upper air temperatures, dew point depressions, and wind velocities for approximately 500 observing sites. This is the final quality controlled copy and generally has a 4 - 6 month time lag."

The issues are available for download in portable document format.

National Climatic Data Center
The United States National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), previously known as the National Weather Records Center (NWRC), in Asheville, North Carolina, was the world's largest active archive of weather data.

In 2015, the NCDC merged with two other federal environmental records agencies to become the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).
Michael O'Connor (American bishop)
Michael O'Connor, S.J. (September 27, 1810 – October 18, 1872) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States and a member of the Society of Jesus. He served twice as bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania (1843 to early 1853 and late 1853 to 1860).  O'Connor served briefly as bishop of the Diocese of Erie in Pennsylvania for several months in 1853.

Diocese of Erie
The Diocese of Erie (Latin: Dioecesis Eriensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in western Pennsylvania in the United States founded in 1853. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Its mother church is St. Peter's Cathedral in Erie.
Foundry VTT
Foundry Virtual Tabletop, commonly shortened to Foundry VTT or FVTT, is a commercial, self-hosted virtual tabletop application for role-playing games. It provides a stage for visualizing the game environment and tools allowing the game master and players to organize and track statistics and notes. The software is highly modular and depends on the community-maintained ecosystem of add-on modules that modify the software's behavior and implement different game systems. Perpetual licenses, which include updates, are offered for a one-time fee.

Digital tabletop game
A digital tabletop game is a video game genre characterized by gameplay similar to physical tabletop games such as board games, card games, and role-playing games. Many digital tabletop games are adaptions of existing physical games, although some digital tabletop games were created only as video games. Players can also use tabletop game simulators to recreate tabletop games using various game pieces.
Ivy Sawyer
Ivy Sawyer (February 13, 1897 – November 16, 1999) was a British-born American cabaret and ballroom dancer, singer, and stage actress.

The London-born Sawyer danced professionally with John Jarrot until she met and married fellow dancer/actor Joseph Santley. The two would dance and perform on stage together primarily in musical comedies for nearly two decades. They made their Broadway debut together in 1916 in Betty at the Globe Theatre and two years later played in the musical comedy Oh, My Dear! at the Princess Theatre. The couple appeared in the famous Irving Berlin Music Box Revues of the 1920s and later toured the United States, performing at major venues such as the National Theatre in Washington, D.C.

Oh, My Dear!
Oh, My Dear! was a Broadway musical comedy in two acts with book and lyrics by Guy Bolton and P. G. Wodehouse, and music by Louis A. Hirsch. The play was produced by William Elliott and F. Ray Comstock and opened under the direction of Robert Milton and Edward Royce at the Princess Theatre on West 39th Street in New York City on November 27, 1918. Oh, My Dear! had a run of 189 performances, with the final curtain falling on May 10, 1919. The musical takes place at Dr. Rockett's Health Farm in the state of New York.
Eagle Rock, Missouri
Eagle Rock is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 193.

It is located on Missouri Route 86 near Table Rock Lake. Eagle Rock has a state campground and public marina.

A post office called Eagle Rock has been in operation since 1886. The community takes its name from a nearby rock formation.

The Eagle Rock Retreat Center, home of the Assembly of God youth organizations Royal Rangers National Training Center, is located approximately 4 miles southwest of Eagle Rock.

Assembly of God youth organizations
Assemblies of God youth organizations include two youth organizations operating under the auspices of the Assemblies of God, the Royal Rangers and the Mpact Girls Clubs (formerly known as the Missionettes).
Sheikh Abd el-Qurna
The necropolis of Sheikh Abd el-Qurna (Arabic: شيخ عبدالقرنة) is located on the West Bank at Thebes in Upper Egypt. It is part of the archaeological area of Deir el-Bahari, and named after the domed tomb of the local saint. This is the most frequently visited cemetery on the Theban west bank, with the largest concentration of private tombs.

Deir el-Bahari
Deir el-Bahari or Dayr al-Bahri (Arabic: الدير البحري, romanized: al-Dayr al-Baḥrī, lit. 'the Northern [lit., "Seaward"] Monastery', Coptic: ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲡⲁ ⲫⲟⲓⲃⲁⲙⲙⲱⲛ, lit. 'the monastery of Apa Phoibammon', Ancient Egyptian: djeser-djeseru) is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt. This is a part of the Theban Necropolis.
Saskatchewan Highway 927
Highway 927 is a provincial highway in the north-east region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 912 to East Trout–Nipekamew Lakes Recreation Site. The Highway makes up part of the eastern border of, and provides access to, Clarence-Steepbank Lakes Provincial Park. It is about 24 kilometres (15 mi) long.

In 2025, the bridge carrying Highway 927 across a river near Clarence Lake was replaced at a cost of $600,000. The bridge was destroyed during the 2025 wildfire season in Saskatchewan.

East Trout Lake
East Trout Lake is a lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The lake is directly north of Clarence-Steepbank Lakes Provincial Park in Saskatchewan's Northern Administration District. It is a long and narrow lake that runs in an east–west direction and is surrounded by boreal forest, rolling hills, and muskeg. Several streams flow into the lake and its outflow is at the eastern end where it flows directly into neighbouring Nipekamew Lake through a short channel and bay. The lake is part of the Churchill River watershed, which flows into the Hudson Bay. East Trout Lake is accessed from Highway 927 at the south-east corner of the lake.

From 26-28 May 2025, the Shoe Fire swept through the region. It destroyed most of the community at the lake, including the wooden bridge used to access the townsite.
Fiat Lux (band)
Fiat Lux are an English synthpop band formed in Wakefield, Yorkshire, England, in 1982, by Steve Wright (vocals, percussion) and David P Crickmore (guitars, bass, keyboards). Ian Nelson (sax, keyboards), younger brother of Be-Bop Deluxe guitarist and lead vocalist Bill Nelson, joined shortly afterwards, complementing the classic line-up of the band. In 2017 Wright and Crickmore began working together again as Fiat Lux after a long hiatus.

Ian Nelson (musician)
Ian Walter Nelson (23 April 1956, Wakefield, Yorkshire, England – 23 April 2006) was an English new wave musician, and younger brother of Be-Bop Deluxe singer and guitarist Bill Nelson, whom he accompanied in different musical projects. He played mainly the saxophone.
Taos High School
Taos High School, founded in 1917, is the public high school in Taos, New Mexico, United States. A part of the Taos Municipal Schools school district, is located outside of Taos Pueblo, at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

The district, and therefore the high school, serves the communities of Taos, Arroyo Hondo, Arroyo Seco, Ranchos de Taos, San Cristobal, Talpa, Taos Pueblo, and almost all of Taos Ski Valley.

San Cristobal, New Mexico
San Cristobal is a census-designated place in Taos County, New Mexico. Its population was 273 as of the 2010 census, and in the 2020 census the population was 206 persons with a total number of households at 49. San Cristobal has a post office with ZIP code 87564, which opened on February 16, 1932.
Jarkent
Jarkent (/dʒɑːrˈkɛnt/; Kazakh: [dʒɑrˈkʲent]) is a city which serves as the administrative center of Panfilov District in Jetisu Region, southeastern Kazakhstan. It is located near the Usek River, not far from the Ili River. It is also right by the border with Xinjiang, China. The city's population totaled 42,617 as of 2019.

The town was founded in 1882. From 1942 to 1991 it was named Panfilov (Russian: Панфилов) after Ivan Panfilov, a Soviet Russian general who died in 1941, during the Battle of Moscow of World War II. Jarkent is well known for its 19th-century mosque, commissioned by a wealthy merchant and community leader named Vali Bay. It is notable for its unique mix of Chinese and Central Asian architectural styles, due to the territory briefly being administered under Qing rule.

Panfilov District, Kazakhstan
Panfilov District (Kazakh: Панфилов ауданы, Panfilov audany) is a district of Jetisu Region in Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the town of Zharkent. As of 2019, the district's population is 129,204.
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, CKM matrix, quark mixing matrix, or KM matrix is a unitary matrix that contains information on the strength of the flavour-changing weak interaction. Technically, it specifies the mismatch of quantum states of quarks when they propagate freely and when they take part in the weak interactions. It is important in the understanding of CP violation. This matrix was introduced for three generations of quarks by Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa, adding one generation to the matrix previously introduced by Nicola Cabibbo. This matrix is also an extension of the GIM mechanism, which only includes two of the three current families of quarks.

Toshihide Maskawa
Toshihide Maskawa (or Masukawa) (益川 敏英, Masukawa Toshihide; 7 February 1940 – 23 July 2021) was a Japanese theoretical physicist known for his work on CP-violation who was awarded one quarter of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."
United States Electric Lighting Company
The United States Electric Lighting Company was an American electric and lightbulb company founded in 1878 by Sir Hiram Maxim (1840–1916) and numerous investors as a manufacturer of incandescent lightbulbs. The company later became a subsidiary of Westinghouse, based in Newark, New Jersey.

Hiram Maxim
Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim (5 February 1840 – 24 November 1916) was an American-born British inventor best known as the creator of the first automatic machine gun, the Maxim gun. Maxim held patents on numerous mechanical devices such as hair-curling irons, a mousetrap, and steam pumps. Maxim laid claim to inventing the lightbulb.

Maxim experimented with powered flight;  his large aircraft designs were never successful. Circa 1904 he designed a highly successful amusement ride called the "Captive Flying Machine" to fund his research while generating public interest in flight.

Maxim moved from the United States to the United Kingdom at the age of 41, and remained an American citizen until he became a naturalised British citizen in 1899, and received a knighthood in 1901.
Queery
Queery is an American podcast created and hosted by comedian Cameron Esposito. As the name suggests, the podcast is centered around queerness—the facets of the LGBTQ experience—and self-identifying queer guests. Guests range from widely known public figures such as Olympic figure-skater Adam Rippon, and musician sisters Tegan & Sara, to more niche-group individuals such as Irish singer-songwriter SOAK, animator and Steven Universe creator Rebecca Sugar, and comedian-writer Travon Free.

Rebecca Sugar
Rebecca Sugar (born July 9, 1987) is an American animator, storyboard artist, screenwriter, producer, director, and musician. A pioneer of LGBTQ representation in children's television, she is best known for being the creator of the Cartoon Network series Steven Universe, making her the first non-binary person to independently create a series for the network; prior to coming out as non-binary, Sugar was described as the first woman to do so.

Before Steven Universe in 2013, Sugar was a writer and storyboard artist on the animated television series Adventure Time. Her work on the two series has earned her seven Primetime Emmy Award nominations in total.

Sugar is bisexual, non-binary, and genderqueer, using both she/her and they/them pronouns. Sugar's queerness has served as an inspiration for her to stress the importance of LGBT representation in the arts, especially in children's entertainment.
4OR
4OR - A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was 
established in 2003 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. 
It is a joint official journal of the Belgian,
French, and
Italian Operations Research Societies. 
The journal publishes research papers and surveys on the theory and applications of Operations Research.
The Editors-in-chief are Yves Crama (University of Liège), 
Michel Grabisch (Pantheon-Sorbonne University), and Silvano Martello (University of Bologna).

Société française de Recherche Opérationnelle et Aide à la Décision
The French Operations Research & Decision Support Society (in French:  Société française de Recherche Opérationnelle et d’Aide à la Décision - ROADEF) is a professional non-profit society that aims to promote the scientific field of Operations Research (OR) and Decision Support (DS) in France.  
The society is a member of the European umbrella organization, the Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO), and of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS).
The Road to Babel
The Road to Babel (Spanish: El camino de Babel) is a 1945 Spanish comedy film directed by Jerónimo Mihura and starring Alfredo Mayo, Guillermina Grin and Fernando Fernán Gómez. Its style was close to that of a screwball comedy.

Guillermina Green
Guillermina Green (1922–2006), also known as Guillermina Grin, was a Spanish film actress. She appeared in twenty three films including  The Butterfly That Flew Over the Sea (1948). She was born in Seville, to a Spanish mother and an English father, William Green, an optician who worked in the city. In 1941 she was spotted by the film director Florian Rey and given a small part in one of his films. She graduated to leading lady status, and starred in Spanish films during the decade. She later emigrated to Mexico, but retired from acting in 1951 following her marriage to producer Guillermo Calderón.
Terry Ouko
Teresa Ouko Calleb, commonly known as Terry Ouko,  is a retired Kenyan female footballer now serving as the Vice President of the Kenya's player union, KEFWA, and as a Diversity & Anti-Discrimination Manager with world football governing body, FIFA. She is a member of two FIFPRO committees; Finance & Professionalization as well as Diversity and Inclusion (EDI), and serves on the Confederation Africaine de Football (CAF) Executive Committee for Women’s Football. She also works with the Uni Global World Players Association representing over 85,000 players across more than 100 countries. Besides all this, Terry sits in Kenya's steering committee overseeing preparations for the CHAN 2024 and the 2027 Africa Cup of Nations, and is an avid sports writer.

Kenya Footballers Welfare Association
The Kenya Footballers Welfare Association, generally referred to as KEFWA, is a sports union for football players. Its headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya. KEFWA has Victor Wanyama and Denis Oliech as the honorary President and Vice President respectively.
Colorado Convention Center
The Colorado Convention Center (CCC) is a multi-purpose convention center located in Downtown Denver, Colorado.  At 2,200,000 square feet (total space) it is currently the 12th largest convention center in the United States. Opening in 1990, the convention center expanded in 2004 to include several meeting rooms, two ballrooms and an indoor amphitheater. Since opening, the center hosts an average of around 400 events per year. Centrally located in the city, it has become one of Denver's many landmarks due to its architecture and is adjacent to the Denver Performing Arts Complex and is just blocks away from the Colorado State Capitol, Auraria Campus and the 16th Street Mall.  The CCC is directly served via light rail by RTD's Theatre District–Convention Center station.

University of Colorado Denver
The University of Colorado Denver (CU Denver) is a public research university located in downtown Denver, Colorado. It is part of the University of Colorado system. Established in 1912 as an extension of the University of Colorado Boulder, CU Denver attained university status and became an independent institution in 1973. CU Denver is classified among R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity. The university's graduate programs award more master's degrees than any other institution in the state, serving roughly 5,000 students annually. CU Denver makes up one-third of the Auraria Campus in downtown Denver, along with the Metropolitan State University of Denver and the Community College of Denver.
Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation relative to the direction of change in speed.

Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye. The refractive index of materials varies with the wavelength of light, and thus the angle of the refraction also varies correspondingly. This is called dispersion and allows prisms  and raindrops in rainbows to divide white light into its constituent spectral colors.

Prism (optics)
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled—elements with only two parallel surfaces are windows, not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Not all optical prisms are geometric prisms, and not all geometric prisms would count as an optical prism. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical materials include glass, acrylic and fluorite.

A dispersive prism can be used to break white light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow) to form a spectrum as described in the following section.  Other types of prisms noted below can be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.
Grantham railway station
Grantham railway station is a stop on the East Coast Main Line, serving the market town of Grantham, in Lincolnshire, England. It lies 105 miles 38 chains (169.7 km) down the line from London King's Cross; on the main line, it is situated between Peterborough to the south and Newark Northgate to the north. Two secondary lines diverge from the main line north of Grantham: the Poacher Line to Skegness and a branch line to Nottingham.

Nottingham–Grantham line
The Nottingham–Grantham line is a branch line between the city of Nottingham and the town of Grantham in the East Midlands of England. For most of its length it runs parallel to the A52.

The following places are served by the line:

Nottingham

Netherfield and Colwick

Radcliffe-on-Trent

Bingham

Aslockton and Whatton

Elton and Orston

Bottesford

Grantham