hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanju Pass
The Sanju, or Sanju-la (Chinese: 桑株古道; Wade–Giles: Sang1-chu1 ku3-tao4), with an elevation of 5,364 metres (17,598 ft), is a historical mountain pass in the Kun Lun Mountains in Pishan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.  During ancient times, it was the last on a series of difficult passes on the most common summer caravan route between Ladakh and the Tarim Basin. In recent years, besides being used by the locals, it has also become a trekking route for Chinese trekkers. In early 2020s, a scenic unpaved auto tour route was opened along the trail for road trippers.

Pishan County
Pishan County (Chinese: 皮山县) as the official romanized name, also transliterated from Uyghur as Guma County (Uyghur: گۇما ناھىيىسى; Chinese: 固玛县), is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hotan Prefecture. It contains an area of 39,412 km2 (15,217 sq mi). According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 220,000. The county borders Maralbexi County and Makit County to the north, Karakax County, Hotan County and Kunyu to the east and Kargilik County to the west. The county includes lands near the Karakoram Pass which are part of the Aksai Chin area that is disputed between China and India.
Humphrey Littleton
Humphrey Littleton, or Humphrey Lyttelton, (died 7 April 1606) was a member of the Lyttelton family, who was executed for his involvement in the Gunpowder Plot. Robert Wintour and Stephen Lyttelton who had escaped from the fight at Holbeche House were captured at Hagley Park on 9 January 1606 despite Littleton's protests that he was not harbouring anyone. It was Littleton who told the authorities that Edward Oldcorne was hiding at Hindlip Hall after he had given him mass. Wintour, Oldcorne, and both Littletons were all executed.

Lyttelton family
The Lyttelton family (sometimes spelled Littleton) is a British aristocratic family. Over time, several members of the Lyttelton family were made knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the Lyttelton family include the viscountcies of Cobham (since 1889) and Chandos (since 1954), as well as the Lyttelton barony (since 1794) and Lyttelton baronetcy (since 1618). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence, particularly in the field of cricket.
NetDrive
NetDrive is a drive mapping utility based on WebDrive technology initially developed by South River Technologies and licensed by Novell for distribution with Novell NetWare servers. NetDrive uses the iFolders protocol to map a drive letter on a Windows workstation to a NetWare server. This software's features are:

Data transfer by drag and drop files in Windows Explorer

Able to execute .exe files including video and audio files

Able to run NetDrive as a system service when Windows starts

Mounts drive automatically on system start

Supports FTP, WebDAV and iFolder.

The software has been discontinued by Novell, and is no longer available from that company.

WebDrive
WebDrive is a drive mapping utility that supports accessing remote file servers using open FTP, FTPS, SFTP, and WebDAV protocols, and proprietary or vendor-specific protocols. It can be run as a Windows service and supports automatic mounting on system startup.
Schizaeaceae
Schizaeaceae is a family of ferns in the order Schizaeales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it includes only two genera. Alternatively, two families kept separate in PPG I, Lygodiaceae and Anemiaceae, may be included in Schizaeaceae (as the subfamilies Lygodioideae and Anemioideae) so that the family has four genera. In this approach, the Schizaeaceae of PPG I is treated as the subfamily Schizaeoideae.

Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional).
The classification was presented as a consensus classification supported by the community of fern taxonomists. Alternative classifications of ferns exist and are preferred by some.
Java Pathfinder
Java Pathfinder (JPF) is a system to verify executable Java bytecode programs. JPF was developed at the NASA Ames Research Center and open sourced in 2005. The acronym JPF is not to be confused with the unrelated Java Plugin Framework project.

The core of JPF is a Java Virtual Machine. JPF executes normal Java bytecode programs and can store, match and restore program states. Its primary application has been Model checking of concurrent programs, to find defects such as data races and deadlocks. With its respective extensions, JPF can also be used for a variety of other purposes, including

model checking of distributed applications

model checking of user interfaces

test case generation by means of symbolic execution

low level program inspection

program instrumentation and runtime monitoring

JPF has no fixed notion of state space branches and can handle both data and scheduling choices.

Model checking
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification (also known as correctness). This is typically associated with hardware or software systems, where the specification contains liveness requirements (such as avoidance of livelock) as well as safety requirements (such as avoidance of states representing a system crash).

In order to solve such a problem algorithmically, both the model of the system and its specification are formulated in some precise mathematical language. To this end, the problem is formulated as a task in logic, namely to check whether a structure satisfies a given logical formula. This general concept applies to many kinds of logic and many kinds of structures. A simple model-checking problem consists of verifying whether a formula in the propositional logic is satisfied by a given structure.
The Equatorial Stars
The Equatorial Stars is the third collaborative studio album by the duo of Robert Fripp and Brian Eno. The album was released in 2005, which marked almost 30 years since the two musicians had collaborated on their second album, Evening Star, in 1975.

Robert Fripp
Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946) is an English musician, composer, record producer, and author, best known as the guitarist, founder and only constant member of the progressive rock band King Crimson. He has worked extensively as a session musician and collaborator, notably with David Bowie, Blondie, Brian Eno, Peter Gabriel, Peter Hammill, Daryl Hall, the Roches, Talking Heads, and David Sylvian. He also composed the startup sound of Windows Vista, in collaboration with Tucker Martine and Steve Ball. His discography includes contributions to more than 700 official releases.

His compositions often feature unusual asymmetric rhythms, influenced by classical and folk traditions. His innovations include a tape delay system known as "Frippertronics" (superseded in the 1990s by a more sophisticated digital system called "Soundscapes") and New Standard Tuning.

Fripp is married to English singer and actress Toyah Willcox.
Bierdzany
Bierdzany ([bjɛrˈd͡zanɨ], additional name in German: Bierdzan) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Turawa, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The famous Berlin rabbi and civil rights leader Joachim Prinz was born there.

Joachim Prinz
Joachim Prinz (May 10, 1902 – September 30, 1988) was a German-American rabbi who was an outspoken activist against Nazism in Germany in the 1930s and later became a leader in the civil rights movement in the United States in the 1960s.

As a young rabbi in Berlin, he urged Jews in Germany to leave the country amidst the rise of the Nazi Party. The Nazi government expelled Prinz in 1937, and he settled in the United States. In his adopted country, he continued his advocacy for European Jews as a leader in the World Zionist Organization. He saw common cause between the fight against Nazism with the drive for civil rights in America and was one of the founding chairmen of the 1963 March on Washington. During the program, Prinz spoke immediately before Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech.
1933 Paris–Roubaix
The 1933 Paris–Roubaix was the 34th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 16 April 1933 and stretched 255 km (158 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner was Sylvère Maes from Belgium.

Sylvère Maes
Sylvère Maes (pronounced [sil.vɛːʁ maːs]; 27 August 1909 – 5 December 1966) was a Belgian cyclist, who is most famous for winning the Tour de France in 1936 and 1939. In 1937, Maes left the 1937 Tour de France together with his Belgian team while he was leading the general classification, in response to actions from French spectators and decisions from the jury.
Richard Marpole
Richard Marpole (9 Oct 1850 in Wales – 8 June 1920, in Vancouver, Canada) was General Superintendent with the Canadian Pacific Railway Pacific Division in Vancouver. In the 1907 Voter's List he is noted as living at the corner of Hastings and Hornby Streets in Vancouver. He directed the CPR interests during the Mission robbery investigation.

At the time of his death, he was in Kamloops with his private railway car to monitor the pursuit and the trial of robbers.

The community Marpole, located in Vancouver South, is named after him.

Marpole
Marpole is a mostly residential neighbourhood of 23,832 in 2011, located on the southern edge of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, immediately northeast of Vancouver International Airport, and is approximately bordered by Angus Drive to the west, 57th Avenue to the north, Ontario Street to the east and the Fraser River to the south. It has undergone many changes in the 20th century, with the influx of traffic and development associated with the construction of the Oak Street Bridge (which leads to Highway 99 leading to the southern suburbs) and the Arthur Laing Bridge (which leads to Vancouver International Airport).
Moduli stack of principal bundles
In algebraic geometry, given a smooth projective curve X over a finite field  and a smooth affine group scheme G over it, the moduli stack of principal bundles over X, denoted by , is an algebraic stack given by: for any -algebra R,

the category of principal G-bundles over the relative curve .

In particular, the category of -points of , that is, , is the category of G-bundles over X.

Similarly,  can also be defined when the curve X is over the field of complex numbers. Roughly, in the complex case, one can define  as the quotient stack of the space of holomorphic connections on X by the gauge group. Replacing the quotient stack (which is not a topological space) by a homotopy quotient (which is a topological space) gives the homotopy type of .

In the finite field case, it is not common to define the homotopy type of . But one can still define a (smooth) cohomology and homology of .

Quotient stack
In algebraic geometry, a quotient stack is a stack that parametrizes equivariant objects. Geometrically, it generalizes a quotient of a scheme or a variety by a group: a quotient variety, say, would be a coarse approximation of a quotient stack.

The notion is of fundamental importance in the study of stacks: a stack that arises in nature is often either a quotient stack itself or admits a stratification by quotient stacks (e.g., a Deligne–Mumford stack.) A quotient stack is also used to construct other stacks like classifying stacks.
B. D. Goenka
Bhagwan Das Goenka was the only son of Ramnath Goenka, a newspaper baron of India. He was a manager of The Indian Express and had been described as the "inveterate foe" of the Nehru family".

His wife, Saroj, is the daughter of Shreyans Prasad Jain, after whom the SP Jain College in Mumbai is named. She is thus a first cousin of Ashok Kumar Jain, whose sons own the Times of India. The couple were the parents of three daughters, namely  Arati Agarwal, Ritu Goenka and Kavita Singhania. The youngest daughter, Kavita, is the wife of Yadupati Singhania, a member of the JK Singhania family.

Shreyans Prasad Jain
Sahu Shreyans Prasad Jain (1908–1992) (also spelled as Shriyans Prasad Jain) was an Indian businessman, parliamentarian and a prominent member of the Jain community. He was the brother of notable businessman and philanthropist Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain. He was awarded Padma Bhushan for social work in 1988.
Keith Fairbrother
Keith Eli Fairbrother (born 8 May 1944) is an English rugby union player of Coventry R.F.C.

He also played for England national team as a prop. He was bought out as Chairman of Coventry R.F.C. in August 2006 by Andrew Green, though he retained the lease to part of the Butts Park Arena site. He had been chairman for eight years. He took over the club after it had gone into receivership in 1998.

In 1974, he switched codes to play for Leigh.

Coventry R.F.C.
Coventry Rugby Football Club is a professional rugby union club based in Coventry, England. The club enjoyed great success during the 1960s and 70s, with many players representing their countries. Coventry's home ground is the Nick Newbold Stadium (formerly known as Butts Park Arena), which opened in 2004. Between 1921 and 2004, the club played at Coundon Road. The club plays in Champ Rugby (the second tier of the English rugby union system) following their promotion from the 2017–18 National League 1.
Anthracite League
The Anthracite League, also referred to as the Anthracite Association, was a short-lived American football minor league comprising teams based in coal-mining towns in eastern Pennsylvania (hence the league name's reference to anthracite coal). The league lasted for just one season before folding. The teams in the league were the Coaldale Big Green, Wilkes-Barre Barons, Shenandoah Yellow Jackets, Gilberton Cadamounts, and Pottsville Maroons.

Gilberton Catamounts
The Gilberton Catamounts, sometimes called the Gilberton Cadamounts and the Gilberton Duck Streeters, were a 1920s-era professional football team based in Gilberton, Pennsylvania. However, the team played many of its home games in nearby Mahanoy City because Gilberton's home field, Stoddard Field, was usually flooded. The borough got its "Ducktown" nickname mainly because of persistent flooding.
Reliance (yacht)
Reliance was the 1903 America's Cup defender designed by Nat Herreshoff.

Reliance was funded by a nine-member syndicate of members of the New York Yacht Club headed by Cornelius Vanderbilt III.

Reliance was designed to take full advantage of the Seawanhaka '90-foot' rating rule and was suitable only for use in certain conditions. The 1903 America's Cup was the last to be raced according to the Seawanhaka rule.

Nathanael Greene Herreshoff
Nathanael Greene Herreshoff (March 18, 1848 – June 2, 1938) was an American naval architect, mechanical engineer, and yacht design innovator. He produced a succession of undefeated America's Cup defenders between 1893 and 1920.
Battle of One Tree Hill
The Battle of One Tree Hill was a major engagement during the Upper Brisbane–Lockyer campaign, that took place between European settlers and a war band of the Ugarapul and other Aboriginal groups in the Darling Downs area in the Colony of New South Wales in the 1840s, as part of the Australian frontier wars. It was one in which the settlers were routed by a group of local Aboriginal men under the warrior Multuggerah, a rare event both in its form, as pitched battles between the two groups, and in its outcome.

Australian frontier wars
The Australian frontier wars were the violent conflicts between Indigenous Australians (including both Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) and mostly British settlers during the colonial period of Australia.

The first conflict took place several months after the landing of the First Fleet in January 1788, and the last conflicts occurred in the early 20th century following the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901, with some occurring as late as 1934. Conflicts occurred in a number of locations across Australia.

Estimates of the number of people killed in the fighting vary considerably.
2023 Tonbridge and Malling Borough Council election
An election took place on 4 May 2023 to elect councillors to Tonbridge and Malling Borough Council in Kent, England. This took place on the same day as other local elections across England. Boundary changes which took effect at this election saw the number of councillors reduced from 54 to 44 and the number of wards reduced from 24 to 19.

The council went from having a Conservative majority to being under no overall control. The Conservatives and Independent Alliance formed a coalition after the election; with 22 councillors they had exactly half the seats on the council. At the subsequent annual council meeting on 17 May 2023 the Conservative leader Matt Boughton retained his position as leader of the council. The vote was initially tied at 22 votes both for and against. The new Conservative mayor, James Lark, used his casting vote in favour of Boughton remaining leader. Independent Alliance leader Mike Taylor was made the cabinet member for planning.

Tonbridge and Malling
51°16′59″N 0°21′00″E﻿ / ﻿51.283°N 0.350°E﻿ / 51.283; 0.350

Tonbridge and Malling is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. The council is based at Kings Hill. The borough also includes the towns of Tonbridge and Snodland along with numerous villages including Aylesford, West Malling and surrounding rural areas.

The neighbouring districts are Maidstone, Tunbridge Wells, Sevenoaks, Gravesham and Medway.
Leslie Hill
Leslie Hill is professor of French at the University of Warwick. He has written several influential books on French writers and philosophers including Samuel Beckett, Marguerite Duras, Maurice Blanchot, Georges Bataille, Pierre Klossowski and Jacques Derrida. Hill was elected to a fellowship of the British Academy in 2003.

Marguerite Duras
Marguerite Germaine Marie Donnadieu (French: [maʁɡ(ə)ʁit ʒɛʁmɛn maʁi dɔnadjø], 4 April 1914 – 3 March 1996), known as Marguerite Duras (French: [maʁɡ(ə)ʁit dyʁas]), was a French novelist, playwright, screenwriter, essayist, and experimental filmmaker. Her script for the film Hiroshima mon amour (1959) earned her a nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards.
E. M. O'R. Dickey
Edward Montgomery O'Rorke Dickey (1 July 1894 – 12 August 1977), known as E. M. O'R. Dickey, was an Irish wood engraver who was active at the beginning of the twentieth century. He was a founder member of the Society of Wood Engravers.

Society of Wood Engravers
The Society of Wood Engravers (SWE) is a UK-based artists’ exhibiting society formed in 1920, one of its founder-members being Eric Gill. Membership is restricted to artists who use wood engraving, as distinct from the separate discipline of woodcut. The Society also awards honorary membership to collectors and enthusiasts.
Ziegler–Nichols method
The Ziegler–Nichols tuning method is a heuristic method of tuning a PID controller. It was developed by John G. Ziegler and Nathaniel B. Nichols. It is performed by setting the I (integral) and D (derivative) gains to zero. The "P" (proportional) gain,  is then increased (from zero) until it reaches the ultimate gain , at which the output of the control loop has stable and consistent oscillations.  and the oscillation period  are then used to set the P, I, and D gains depending on the type of controller used and behaviour desired:

The ultimate gain  is defined as 1/M, where M = the amplitude ratio,  and .

These 3 parameters are used to establish the correction  from the error  via the equation:

which has the following transfer function relationship between error and controller output:

John G. Ziegler
John G. Ziegler (August 21, 1909 – December 9, 1997) was an American control engineer who made significant contributions to the field of control theory. He is well known for his research paper on Ziegler-Nichols method, co-authored with Nathaniel B. Nichols.
Saulteaux 159
Saulteaux 159 is an Indian reserve of the Saulteaux First Nation in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is on the shores of both Jackfish and Murray Lakes, about 43 kilometres (27 mi) north of North Battleford.

In the 2016 Canadian Census, the reserve recorded a population of 473 living in 133 of its 142 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 50 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.

Saulteaux First Nation
Saulteaux First Nation (Ojibwe: Ginoozhe-zaaga'iganiing Nakawewag, "the Saulteaux at Jackfish Lake") is a Saulteaux Anishinaabe First Nation band government, whose reserves are located near Cochin, Saskatchewan. In February 2012, the First Nation had a total of 1,225 registered members, of whom 604 lived on their own reserve.
Central Philharmonic Orchestra
The Central Philharmonic (Chinese: 中央乐团; pinyin: Zhōngyāng Yuètuán) is a symphony orchestra (with chorus, chamber orchestra, and group of soloists) based in Beijing, China. Its predecessor was the Central Opera Company Orchestra. In 1996, it was renamed the China National Symphony Orchestra.

The orchestra's first director was Zheng Xiaoying. Other directors have included Li Delun and Yan Liangkun (严良堃). During the 1970s, Wang Jianzhong was its composer-in-residence.

The orchestra has performed in China, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as the United States, Spain, South Korea, and Taiwan. It has given the first performances of many new compositions by Chinese composers.

Notable works produced by the orchestra include the Yellow River Cantata and Yellow River Piano Concerto.

Wang Jianzhong
Wang Jianzhong (Chinese: 王建中; 1933–2016) was a Chinese composer, pianist, and educator. His works, many of them composed during the Cultural Revolution, bridge Chinese folk music and Western classical piano tradition and have made him a household name in his own country. His A Hundred Birds Paying Homage to the Phoenix is considered one of the six representative twentieth-century Chinese piano masterpieces.
Subhash Khot
Subhash Khot FRS (born 10 June 1978 in Ichalkaranji) is an Indian-American mathematician and theoretical computer scientist who is the Julius Silver Professor of Computer Science in the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University. Khot has contributed to the field of computational complexity, and is best known for his unique games conjecture.

Khot received the 2014 Rolf Nevanlinna Prize by the International Mathematical Union and received the MacArthur Fellowship in 2016. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2017 and was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences in 2023.

Ichalkaranji
Ichalkaranji (pronunciationⓘ[it͡səlkəɾəɳd͡ʒiː]) is a city located in the Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, India, known for its prominent textile and engineering industries. Often referred to as the “Manchester of Maharashtra,” the city is one of the country’s leading centres for grey fabric production and hosts a dense network of power looms, processing units, and garment manufacturers. Ichalkaranji has experienced rapid industrial growth since the mid‑20th century, evolving from a small princely town into a major economic hub with strong cooperative and entrepreneurial traditions.