hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vărădia
Vărădia (Hungarian: Varadia) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Banat, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Mercina (Mercsény) and Vărădia.

It is located near the border with Serbia, on the river Caraș, at a distance of 19 km (12 mi) from Oravița and 76 km (47 mi) from the county seat, Reșița.

In Vărădia village there is a Romanian Orthodox church, a Romanian Greek-Catholic church, a Baptist church, and an old Orthodox church which has become a monastery.

Banat
Banat (UK: /ˈbænɪt, ˈbɑːn-/ BAN-it, BAHN-, US: /bəˈnɑːt, bɑː-/ bə-NAHT, bah-; Romanian: Banat; Hungarian: Bánság; Serbian: Банат, romanized: Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian or Carpathian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Mureș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except for a small part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád-Csanád County).

The region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II. Today, Banat is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians, but small populations of other ethnic groups also live in the region. Nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.
Antoine Guillaumont
Antoine Guillaumont (13 January 1915, L'Arbresle – 25 August 2000) was a French archaeologist and Syriac scholar. He held positions notably at the École pratique des hautes études and the Collège de France, and was a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. His archaeological writings are related to the site of Kellia in Lower Egypt. As a Syriacist he was most interested in early monasticism and in the reception of the writings of Evagrius Ponticus.

From 1954 to 1971, Guillaumont was the editor-in-chief of the academic quarterly Revue de l'histoire des religions, edited by the Collège de France since 1880. During the 1980s. he was also the President of the Ernest Renan Society which was the francophone branch of The International Association for the History of Religions

Evagrius Ponticus
Evagrius Ponticus (Ancient Greek: Εὐάγριος ὁ Ποντικός), also called Evagrius the Solitary (345–399 AD), was a Christian monk and ascetic from Heraclea, a city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor. One of the most influential theologians in the late fourth-century church, he was well known as a thinker, polished speaker, and gifted writer. He left a promising ecclesiastical career in Constantinople and traveled to Jerusalem, where in 383 AD he became a monk at the monastery of Rufinus and Melania the Elder. He then went to Egypt and spent the remaining years of his life in Nitria and Kellia, marked by years of asceticism and writing. He was a disciple of several influential contemporary church leaders, including Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Macarius of Egypt. He was a teacher of others, including John Cassian and Palladius of Galatia.
Semiset
In set theory, a semiset is a proper class that is a subclass of a set. In the typical foundations of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, semisets are impossible due to the axiom schema of specification.

The theory of semisets was proposed and developed by Czech mathematicians Petr Vopěnka and Petr Hájek (1972). It is based on a modification of the von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory; in standard NBG, the existence of semisets is precluded by the axiom of separation.

The concept of semisets opens the way for a formulation of an alternative set theory.
In particular, Vopěnka's Alternative Set Theory (1979) axiomatizes the concept of semiset, supplemented with several additional principles.

Semisets can be used to represent sets with imprecise boundaries. Novák (1984) studied approximation of semisets by fuzzy sets, which are often more suitable for practical applications of the modeling of imprecision.

Petr Vopěnka
Petr Vopěnka (16 May 1935 – 20 March 2015) was a Czech mathematician. In the early seventies, he developed alternative set theory (i.e. alternative to the classical Cantor theory), which he subsequently developed in a series of articles and monographs.  Vopěnka’s name is associated with many mathematical achievements, including Vopěnka's principle.
Since the mid-eighties he concerned himself with philosophical questions of mathematics (particularly vis-à-vis Husserlian phenomenology).

Vopěnka served as the Minister of Education of the Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia) from 1990 to 1992 within the government of Prime Minister Petr Pithart.
Cyril Jackson (educationist)
Sir Cyril Jackson KBE (6 February 1863 – 3 September 1924) was a British educationist, important in the development of education in Western Australia.

Jackson, the eldest son of Laurence Morris Jackson and Louisa Elizabeth Craven, was born in Dartmouth Park Road in Kentish Town. Educated at the Charterhouse School and New College, Oxford, Jackson graduated in 1885 with honours in Literae Humaniores.

He became the first Chairman of the West Guildford Roads Board (predecessor to the Town of Bassendean), the inaugural meeting of which was held in the billiard room of Jackson’s house on 12 July 1901. Official recognition of the new municipality followed a week later on 19 July 1901.

Jackson was appointed a Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1917. He died on 3 September 1924.

Cyril Jackson Senior High School was created in Perth, Western Australia in 1961 and named in his honour.

Cyril Jackson Senior Campus
Cyril Jackson Senior Campus is an Independent Public senior secondary school in Bassendean, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It serves approximately 550 compulsory age and mature age students from Year 11 to Year 12.
The Bang Bang Club (film)
The Bang Bang Club is a 2010 Canadian-South African biographical drama film written and directed by Steven Silver and stars Ryan Phillippe as Greg Marinovich, Malin Åkerman as Robin Comley, Taylor Kitsch as Kevin Carter, Frank Rautenbach as Ken Oosterbroek and Neels Van Jaarsveld as João Silva. They portray the lives of four photojournalists active within the townships of South Africa during the apartheid period, particularly between 1990 and 1994, from when Nelson Mandela was released from prison to the 1994 elections.

It is a film adaptation of the book The Bang-Bang Club: Snapshots from a Hidden War co-written by Greg Marinovich and João Silva who were part of the group of four photographers known as the Bang-Bang Club, the other two members being Kevin Carter and Ken Oosterbroek.

Steven Silver (film director)
Steven Silver is a South African / Canadian media entrepreneur, producer, and director. Together with media industry veteran Peter Sussman, Silver co-founded and was the CEO of Kew Media Group Inc., a publicly listed content company that produced and distributed multi-genre content worldwide.
Siege of Novogeorgievsk
The siege of Novogeorgievsk was a battle of World War I fought after the Germans broke the Russian defenses in Paul von Hindenburg's Bug-Narew Offensive. In terms of the ratio of casualties and trophies, the German victory at Novogeorgievsk surpassed the victory at Tannenberg in 1914. It is also one of the most brilliant victories in world military history in capturing a heavily fortified fortress defended by superior enemy forces. Numerous Russian sources call the fall of Novogeorgievsk the most shameful page in the history of the Russian Imperial army.

Nikolai Bobyr
Nikolai Pavlovich Bobyr (Russian: Николай Павлович Бобырь; Ukrainian: Микола Павлович Бобир; 14 January 1854 – December 1920) was an Imperial Russian Army general of the cavalry. He was commandant of the Novogeorgievsk Fortress from 1907 to 1915, and saw action there during World War I.
Rivet
A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed, a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called the tail. On installation, the deformed end is called the shop head or buck-tail.

Because there is effectively a head on each end of an installed rivet, it can support tension loads.  However, it is much more capable of supporting shear loads (loads perpendicular to the axis of the shaft).

Fastenings used in traditional wooden boat building, such as copper nails and clinch bolts, work on the same principle as the rivet but were in use long before the term rivet was introduced and, where they are remembered, are usually classified among nails and bolts respectively.

Shear force
In solid mechanics, shearing forces are unaligned forces acting on one part of a body in a specific direction, and another part of the body in the opposite direction. When the forces are collinear (aligned with each other), they are called tension forces or compression forces. Shear force can also be defined in terms of planes: "If a plane is passed through a body, a force acting along this plane is called a shear force or shearing force."
Yadrin
Yadrin (Russian: Я́дрин; Chuvash: Етӗрне, Yetĕrne) is a town and the administrative center of Yadrinsky District of the Chuvash Republic, Russia. Yadrin is located on the left bank of the Sura River, 86 kilometers (53 mi) southwest of Cheboksary, the capital of the republic. Population:  9,614 (2010 Census); 10,573 (2002 Census); 10,149 (1989 Soviet census).

Chuvashia
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people. The republic's capital city is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
Per Elvestuen
Per Elvestuen (born 14 August 1962) is a Norwegian illustrator.

He was born in Gjøvik as a brother of Ola Elvestuen. He worked for the newspaper Dagens Næringsliv from 1988 to 2009, then for E24 Næringsliv. He is also a communications adviser for the company Aabø & Co. He published a children's book in 1995, and two collections of his editorial cartoons, in 1999 and 2004. He won the Editorial Cartoon of the Year award in 2003.

Ola Elvestuen
Ola Elvestuen (born 9 October 1967) is a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party who served as Minister of Climate and the Environment from 2018 to 2020. He was also the party's deputy leader from 2008 to 2020 (2008–2012 as second deputy and 2012–2020 as first deputy), and has been an MP for Oslo since 2013.
Kan fibration
In mathematics, Kan complexes and Kan fibrations are part of the theory of simplicial sets. Kan fibrations are the fibrations of the standard model category structure on simplicial sets and are therefore of fundamental importance. Kan complexes are the fibrant objects in this model category. The name is in honor of Daniel Kan.

For various kinds of fibrations for simplicial sets, see Fibration of simplicial sets.

Daniel Kan
Daniel Marinus Kan (or simply Dan Kan) (August 4, 1927 – August 4, 2013) was a Dutch mathematician working in category theory and homotopy theory. He was a prolific contributor to both fields for six decades, having authored or coauthored several dozen research papers and monographs.
Private Peaceful (film)
Private Peaceful is a 2012 British war drama film directed by Pat O'Connor and starring Jack O'Connell and George MacKay.  It is based on the 2003 novel of the same name by Michael Morpurgo.  The film marks the final released performance of Richard Griffiths as well as his last credited film before his death the following year.

Michael Morpurgo
Sir Michael Andrew Bridge (né Bridge; born 5 October 1943) is an English book author, poet, playwright, and librettist who is known best for children's novels such as War Horse (1982). His work is noted for its "magical storytelling", for recurring themes such as the triumph of an outsider or survival, for characters' relationships with nature, and for vivid settings such as the Cornish coast or the trenches of the First World War. Morpurgo was the third Children's Laureate, from 2003 to 2005, and is President of BookTrust, a children's reading charity.
Bartolomeu
Bartolomeu is a given name of Portuguese, Galician or Romanian origin. It is a cognate of Bartholomew. Notable people with this name include:

Bartolomeu Anania – Romanian Orthodox monk who was the Metropolitan of Cluj (1993–2011)

Bartolomeu Chaves - Brazilian para-athlete

Bartolomeu Cid dos Santos - Portuguese artist

Bartolomeu Dias - Portuguese explorer, and the first European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa

Bartolomeu de Gusmão – Portuguese priest

Bartolomeu Perestrello – 1st Capitão Donatário, Lord and Governor of the Island of Porto Santo (c. 1395–1457)

Bartolomeu Português – Portuguese buccaneer

Bartolomeu Velho – Sixteenth-century Portuguese mapmaker and cosmographer

Edgar Bartolomeu – Former Angolan professional soccer player

Bartholomew (name)
Bartholomew is an English or Jewish (generally also Christian) given name that derives from the Aramaic name meaning "son of Talmai". Bar is Aramaic for "son", and marks patronyms. Talmai either comes from telem "furrow" or is a Hebrew version of Ptolemy. Thus Bartholomew is either "son of furrows" (i.e., rich in land) or "son of Ptolemy".

Bartholomew (Barry) is English or Scottish, but also a Jewish surname with the same meaning as the above as a given name.
2016–17 Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball team represented Mount St. Mary's University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Mountaineers, led by fifth-year head coach Jamion Christian, played their home games at Knott Arena in Emmitsburg, Maryland as members of the Northeast Conference. They finished the season 20–16, 14–4 in NEC play to win the regular season championship, their first championship in 21 years. In the NEC tournament, they defeated Sacred Heart, Robert Morris, and Saint Francis (PA) to win the tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. As a No. 16 seed in the East region, they beat New Orleans in the First Four before losing in the first round to No. 1-seeded and ranked Villanova.

Head coach Jamion Christian was named NEC Coach of the Year.

2016–17 Sacred Heart Pioneers men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Sacred Heart Pioneers men's basketball team represented Sacred Heart University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. This was the Pioneers' 18th season of NCAA Division I basketball, all played in the Northeast Conference. The Pioneers were led by fourth-year head coach Anthony Latina and played their home games at the William H. Pitt Center in Fairfield, Connecticut. They finished the season 13–19, 8–10 in NEC play to finish in eighth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the NEC tournament to Mount St. Mary's.
Billy Morgan (footballer, born 1891)
William Albert L. Morgan (3 November 1891 – after 1927) was an English professional footballer born in Old Hill, Cradley Heath, Staffordshire, who played either at outside left or inside left. He played for Birmingham, Coventry City and Crystal Palace in the Football League, and was capped once for a Football League representative side.

Morgan's appearance for the Football League XI came in February 1919 against the Scottish League at his home ground of St Andrew's, Birmingham, in the first representative match played after the First World War. He set up the second goal for Bob Whittingham in a 3–1 win, and according to the Daily Express reporter, "the pick" of the English XI were Morgan, Whittingham and Joe Clennell.

Cradley Heath
Cradley Heath is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell, West Midlands, England. It is in the Black Country, 8 miles (13 km) west of Birmingham. The town was known for the manufacture of chains in the first half of the twentieth century.
The Temple (novel)
The Temple is a semi-autobiographical novel written by Stephen Spender, sometimes labelled a bildungsroman because of its explorations of youth and first love. It was written after Spender spent his summer holiday in Germany in 1929 and recounts his experiences there. It was not completed until the early 1930s (after Spender had failed his finals at Oxford University in 1930 and moved to Hamburg). Due to its frank depictions of homosexuality, The Temple was not published in Britain until 1988, twenty-one years after the decriminalisation of homosexuality.

Stephen Spender
Sir Stephen Harold Spender CBE (28 February 1909 – 16 July 1995) was an English poet, novelist and essayist whose work concentrated on themes of social injustice and the class struggle. He was appointed U.S. Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1965.
Akiko Kojima
Akiko Kojima (児島 明子, Kojima Akiko; born October 29, 1936) is a Japanese model and beauty queen. She was crowned Miss Universe 1959, making her the first Japanese and Asian woman to win the title, as well as the first Asian person to win a major beauty pageant title.

Miss Universe 1959
Miss Universe 1959 was the eighth Miss Universe pageant, held at the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium in Long Beach, California, the United States, on 24 July 1959. This was the last year that the pageant was held in Long Beach, before moving to Miami Beach, Florida in 1960.

At the conclusion of the event, Luz Marina Zuluaga of Colombia crowned Akiko Kojima of Japan as Miss Universe 1959. Kojima was the first representative of Japan, and the first Asian woman to win the contest.

Contestants from thirty-four countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by Byron Palmer.
Diocese of Springfield–Cape Girardeau
The Diocese of Springfield–Cape Girardeau (Latin: Dioecesis Campifontis–Capitis Girardeauensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in southern Missouri in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Louis.

As of 2023, the current bishop of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau is Edward M. Rice. The diocese has two cathedrals:

St. Agnes Cathedral in Springfield

Cathedral of St. Mary of the Annunciation in Cape Girardeau

Cathedral of St. Mary of the Annunciation (Cape Girardeau, Missouri)
The Cathedral of St. Mary of the Annunciation, also known as  St. Mary's Cathedral,  is a Catholic cathedral in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States.  Along with St. Agnes Cathedral in Springfield, Missouri it is the seat of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau.
Dacia Hotel
The former Dacia Hotel, originally Pannonia Hotel (in Hungarian: Pannónia Szálló) and future Indigo Hotel, is located in Satu Mare (in Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti), present-day Romania, at 8, Libertății Square. It was built at the beginning of the 20th century, on the site of the previous town hall. The façade is generously embellished with plant motifs made from enamelled ceramic.

The building was completed in 1902 in  Secession style (see Vienna Secession, related to Art Nouveau) with Indian influences, based on plans drawn by architects Zoltán Bálint (more here) and Lajos Frommer (more here), disciples of Hungary's primary Secession architect, Ödön Lechner. The Pannonia Hotel won a prize in 1903 in Vienna for its beauty.

Satu Mare
Satu Mare (pronounced [ˈsatu ˈmare] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szatmárnémeti [sɒtmaːrneːmɛti]; German: Sathmar; Yiddish: סאטמאר Satmar or סאַטמער Satmer) is a city in Romania with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the region of Maramureș, broadly part of Transylvania. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as castrum Zotmar ("Zotmar's fort"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial, and business centre in the Nord-Vest development region.
Poplaca
Poplaca (German: Gunzendorf; Hungarian: Popláka) is a commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania, at the foothills of the Cindrel Mountains, 12 km south-west of the county capital Sibiu, in the Mărginimea Sibiului ethnographic area. It is composed of a single village, Poplaca.

Mărginimea Sibiului
Mărginimea Sibiului (German: Hermannstädter Randgebiet; Hungarian: Szeben-Hegyalja) is an area which comprises 18 Romanian localities in the south-western part of Sibiu County, in southern Transylvania, all of them having a unique ethnological, cultural, architectural, and historical heritage.
Cadeleigh
Cadeleigh is a small village and civil parish in the county of Devon in England. It sits in the hills above the valley of the River Exe and is about 15 km (9 miles) north of Exeter and 6 km (4 miles) southwest of Tiverton.

The village has a church that is dedicated to St. Bartholomew and dates from the early part of the 15th century, although this is probably a rebuilding of a much older 12th-century church. It contains the monument of Sir Simon Leach (1567–1638), Sheriff of Devon in 1624, the largest of its type in any Devon parish church.

There is a single public house in Cadeleigh, which is called the Cadeleigh Arms.

Between 1885 and 1963 Cadeleigh also had a railway station, although it was actually located much closer to the nearby village of Bickleigh (in fact, the railway station was named "Cadeleigh and Bickleigh" before 1906).

High Sheriff of Devon
The High Sheriff of Devon is the Kings's representative for the County of Devon, a territory known as his/her bailiwick. Selected from three nominated people, they hold the office for one year. They have judicial, ceremonial and administrative functions and execute High Court Writs. The title was historically "Sheriff of Devon", but changed in 1974 to "High Sheriff of Devon".
Believe (Disturbed album)
Believe is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Disturbed, released on September 17, 2002 via Reprise Records. Produced by the band and Johnny K, it focuses heavily on religious and spiritual themes inspired by recent tragedies. With greater emphases on melodic dynamics, it also demonstrates a broadening in the band's musical range compared to their 2000 debut The Sickness. Believe was the last studio album to feature original bassist Steve "Fuzz" Kmak before he was fired from the band in 2003.

Believe debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, making it Disturbed's first number one debut, selling over 284,000 copies in its first week of sales. It was certified double platinum by the RIAA in the United States on September 23, 2008. Three singles were released from the album: "Prayer", "Remember", and "Liberate".

David Draiman
David Michael Draiman (born March 13, 1973) is an American heavy metal singer. Noted for his distorted baritone voice and percussive singing style, he has been the lead vocalist of Disturbed since 1996. He has written some of the band's most successful singles, such as "Stupify", "Down with the Sickness", "Indestructible", and "Inside the Fire". In 2006, he was ranked at No. 42 on the Hit Parader list of "Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time". During Disturbed's hiatus from 2011 to 2015, he worked on an industrial metal project with Geno Lenardo, which was later named Device. They released one self-titled album in 2013. Disturbed returned with the album Immortalized in 2015, Evolution in 2018, and Divisive in 2022.