hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prince Charles Strait
Prince Charles Strait is a strait 9 km (5.6 mi) wide between Cornwallis and Elephant Islands, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. This strait was known to sealers as early as 1821, but the first record of its navigation was in 1839 by the brig Porpoise of the United States Exploring Expedition squadron under Wilkes. Soundings of the strait were made by the vessel John Biscoe and the frigate HMS Sparrow in December 1948. It was named for King Charles III, son of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.

Cornwallis Island (South Shetland Islands)
Cornwallis Island is an island 1 mile (1.6 km) long, which lies 5 miles (8 km) northeast of the east end of Elephant Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Named for Sir William Cornwallis following its 1819 discovery by Sir William Parry, this island became a strategic site in 1947 with the opening of a weather station and airstrip at Resolute. Now serving as the Arctic Archipelago's main communications terminal, it is the essential jumping-off point for transporting goods to isolated stations across the ice-bound perimeter of the islands.
Luther Blount
Luther H. Blount (September 5, 1916 – September 24, 2006) was an American entrepreneur, inventor, and philanthropist. Blount was a shipbuilder and holds 22 patents, most of which are relating to his trade.

Wentworth Institute of Technology
Wentworth Institute of Technology (WIT) is a private university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Wentworth was founded in 1904 and offers career-focused education through 22 bachelor's degree programs as well as 11 master's degrees.
Banda Ionica
Banda Ionica is an Italian folk group focused on the brass band traditions of Sicily.  The roots of the music played by the band can be traced to Holy Week and funeral marches.  The banda tradition, updated by Banda Ionica and others, helped to bring the operatic and classical music to the rural poor.

Founded in 1997 by Fabio Barovero (formerly of the group Mau Mau) and Roy Paci, the group is currently composed of twenty young musicians and plays a mix of traditional and original compositions.

Mau Mau (band)
Mau Mau is an Italian band from Turin, formed in 1990 by Luca Morino (vocals and guitar), Fabio Barovero (accordion) and Tatè Nsongan (Djembe). With roots in the underground cult group Loschi Dezi, the band draws its influences from world music, especially Mediterranean, African, Arabic and Latin traditions. They mainly sing in native Piedmontese. The band's name has a double meaning: it references the Kenyan Mau Mau uprising against British colonial rule, and in Piedmontese, Mau Mau designates "people who come from afar".
Sagrado railway station
Sagrado (Italian: Stazione di Sagrado) is a railway station serving the town of Sagrado, in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy. The station is located on the Udine–Trieste railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia.

Udine–Trieste railway
The Udine–Trieste railway is an Italian state railway line that connects Udine and Trieste running through the central and eastern part of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

The whole line is double track and electrified at 3000 Volts DC. The only station that serves as an interchange with other lines is Monfalcone, which is near the junction with the Venice–Trieste railway: the Monfalcone–Trieste section is shared with this line.

The railway infrastructure is managed by the Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, which classifies it as one of its primary lines, while both regional and long-distance passenger traffic is managed by Trenitalia. The railway is used by the freight trains of various railway companies.
Have You Ever Met That Funny Reefer Man
"Have You Ever Met That Funny Reefer Man", often known simply as "The Reefer Man", is a 1932 American jazz song composed by J. Russel Robinson, with lyrics by Andy Razaf. It was first recorded by Cab Calloway and his orchestra, with versions by others over the years, including by Harlan Lattimore, Murphy's Law and Big Bad Voodoo Daddy.

The song as performed by Calloway appears in the 1933 film International House.

International House (film)
International House is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy film starring Peggy Hopkins Joyce and W. C. Fields, directed by A. Edward Sutherland and released by Paramount Pictures. The tagline of the film was "The Grand Hotel of comedy". It is a mixture of comedy and musical acts tied together by a slim plot line, in the style of the Big Broadcast pictures that were also released by Paramount during the 1930s. In addition to some typical comedic lunacy from W. C. Fields and Burns and Allen (George Burns and Gracie Allen), it provides a snapshot of some popular stage and radio acts of the era. The film includes some risqué pre-Code humor. The cast also features Cab Calloway with his orchestra and Bela Lugosi.
Little Nicky (cat)
Little Nicky (born October 17, 2004) is the first commercially produced clone of a cat. He was produced from the DNA of a 17-year-old Maine Coon cat named Nicky who died in 2003. Little Nicky's owner, a north Texas woman named Julie (whose last name was not released) paid $50,000 to have Nicky cloned. Little Nicky's owner reported that the cat shared many characteristics with his predecessor, including a similar personality and appearance.

Genetic Savings & Clone
Genetic Savings & Clone, Inc. was a company headquartered in Sausalito, California that offered commercial pet gene banking and cloning services, between 2004 and 2006. The company was launched by billionaire John Sperling, the founder of University of Phoenix. Its Chief Executive Officer was Lou Hawthorne.
Graeagle, California
Graeagle is a town and census-designated place in eastern Plumas County, California, United States, located along the Middle Fork Feather River in the Northern Sierra Nevada. The population was 724 as of 2020.

Plumas County, California
Plumas County (/ˈpluːməs/ ⓘ) is a county located in the Sierra Nevada of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 19,790. The county seat is Quincy, and the only incorporated city is Portola. The largest community in the county is East Quincy. The county was named for the Spanish Río de las Plumas (the Feather River), which flows through it. It is also the namesake of a native moth species, Hadena plumasata.
Martin Melvin (businessman)
Sir Martin John Melvin, 1st Baronet, JP (8 June 1879 – 11 May 1952) was a British businessman and newspaper manager, based in Birmingham.

The  Roman-Catholic Melvin was educated at Mount St Mary's College. In 1917 he acquired the ailing Catholic newspaper The Universe, appointed Herbert S. Dean as its editor and completely overhauled the content and theological outlook of the paper. He was knighted in the 1927 Birthday Honours and created a Baronet, of Olton in the County of Warwick, in 1933, "For political and public services in Birmingham". Melvin died in May 1952, aged 72, when the baronetcy became extinct.

1927 Birthday Honours
The 1927 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette on 3 June 1927.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
Texas State Highway Loop 375
Loop 375 is a beltway that partially encircles the city of El Paso, Texas. The beltway is mostly a freeway, except for its northern section, which includes at-grade intersections. The highway passes through various areas of El Paso, funneling traffic within and around the city. The road is known locally under different names, as Woodrow Bean Transmountain Drive in the northern section, Purple Heart Memorial Freeway in the northeastern section, Joe Battle Boulevard in the eastern section, the César Chávez Border Highway in the southern section, and the Border West Expressway on the southwest section.

Franklin Mountains State Park
Franklin Mountains State Park is a state park in El Paso, Texas, United States. The park is named after the Franklin Mountains, a mountainous range that extends 23 mi (37 km) from El Paso to New Mexico. Its headquarters are located at an elevation of 5,426 feet (1,654 m) with the highest peak, North Franklin Mountain, reaching 7,192 feet (2,192 m). Covering 24,247.56 acres (9,813 ha), it is one of the largest urban parks in the U.S. lying completely within city limits. The park is open year-round for recreational activities such as hiking, mountain biking, picnicking, and scenic driving.
Ambulance Building, Charters Towers
Ambulance Building is a heritage-listed former ambulance station and now museum at 157 Gill Street, Charters Towers City, Charters Towers, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Walter Hunt and built in 1903 by Arthur Reid and James Walker. It is also known as Ambulance Building (former). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 December 2015.

Charters Towers
Charters Towers is a rural town in the Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It is 136 km (85 mi) by road south-west from Townsville on the Flinders Highway. During the last quarter of the 19th century, the town boomed as the rich gold deposits under the city were developed. After becoming uneconomical in the 20th century, profitable mining operations have commenced once again. In the 2021 census, the town of Charters Towers had a population of 8,040 people.
Rola Dashti
Rola Abdulla Dashti (Arabic: رولا عبدالله علي حاجيه دشتي; born 1964) is a Kuwaiti economist and business executive and former politician and minister. Dashti lobbied for the May 2005 decree permitting Kuwaiti women to run for parliamentary elections for the first time and was one of the first female MPs elected to the Kuwaiti parliament. She subsequently served as minister of state planning and development affairs and State Assembly affairs.

National Assembly (Kuwait)
The National Assembly (Arabic: مجلس الأمة, Majlis al-ʾUmma) is the unicameral legislature of Kuwait. The National Assembly meets in Kuwait City. The National Assembly is typically composed of 50 elected members and 16 directly appointed government ministers (ex officio members).

The assembly was frequently dissolved by the Emir of Kuwait. From 2006 to 2024, the assembly was dissolved 13 times. The assembly has been suspended since 10 May 2024 for a four-year constitutional re-evaluation due to frequent inaction, corruption, bribery, vote purchasing and political deadlock.
A. A. Baramuli
Achmad Arnold Baramuli (20 July 1930 – 11 October 2006) was an Indonesian prosecutor, politician and businessman. His highest position was chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council over 1998 to 1999 under President B.J. Habibie. A key vote-winner for Golkar Party, Baramuli was involved in the 1999 Bank Bali scandal that contributed to Habibie's failure to win re-election.

Bank Bali scandal
The Bank Bali scandal occurred in Indonesia in 1999 when Golkar Party officials colluded with the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) to coerce Bank Bali chief Rudy Ramli to pay an illegal commission of Rp546 billion (then equivalent to about US$80 million) to private company Era Giat Prima in order to collect Rp904.6 billion owed by two banks taken over by IBRA.

Part of the funds were used to support then-president B.J. Habibie's re-election bid, but his accountability speech was rejected by the nation's top legislative body after the scandal broke. The scandal was widely referred to as Baligate (after Bank Bali and the Watergate scandal). Most of those involved, including Golkar officials and Habibie aides, were either acquitted or not even prosecuted.
In-mould labelling
In-mould labelling is the use of paper or plastic labels during the manufacturing of containers by blow molding, injection molding, or thermoforming processes. The label serves as the integral part of the final product, which is then delivered as  pre-decorated item. Combining the decoration process with the moulding process cuts the total cost, but can increase the manufacturing time. The technology was first developed by Owens-Illinois in cooperation with Procter & Gamble to supply pre-labelled bottles that could be filled on the product filling line. This was first applied to Head & Shoulders shampoo bottles.

O-I Glass
O-I Glass, Inc. (formerly Owens-Illinois) is an American company that specializes in container glass products. It is the largest manufacturer of glass containers in North America, South America, Asia-Pacific and Europe (after acquiring BSN Glasspack in 2004).
Argo, Iowa
Argo is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Scott County, Iowa, United States. It is in the eastern part of the county, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Bettendorf and 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Le Claire.

Argo was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Scott County, Iowa
Scott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 174,669, and was estimated to be 175,601 in 2024, making it the third-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat the largest city is Davenport.

Scott County is included in the Davenport–Moline-Rock Island, IA–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Asgeir Årdal
Asgeir Mandelid Årdal (born 30 November 1983) is a Norwegian cross-country skier. He made his FIS Cross-Country World Cup debut in March 2005 in Drammen, Norway.  He collected his first World Cup points with a 24th place finish in Drammen in March 2008.

Årdal represents the sports club Jølster IL, based in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland. He currently lives in the village of Skei in Sunnfjord Municipality.

Sunnfjord Municipality
Sunnfjord is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sunnfjord. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Førde. Other villages in the municipality include Naustdal, Sande, Vassenden, and Skei.

The 2,208-square-kilometre (853 sq mi) municipality is the 27th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sunnfjord Municipality is the 56th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 22,662. The municipality's population density is 10.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (27/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Sumika (band)
Sumika (stylized as sumika) is a Japanese rock band from Kawasaki, Kanagawa. The band formed as an indie rock band in 2013, before being signed to a major label in 2018. The band is also known as Sumika [camp session] during live performances, which are known for including performances by non-musicians such as filmmakers, photographers, painters, sculptors, architects, potters, and poets. The band's music has also been featured in the anime series Wotakoi: Love is Hard for Otaku, Mix: Meisei Story, Pretty Boy Detective Club,  Delicious in Dungeon, and the anime film I Want to Eat Your Pancreas, My Hero Academia.
The band is affiliated with Sony Music Entertainment Japan.

Delicious in Dungeon
Delicious in Dungeon (Japanese: ダンジョン飯, Hepburn: Danjon Meshi; lit. 'Dungeon Meals'), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ryoko Kui. It was serialized in Enterbrain's seinen manga magazine Harta from February 2014 to September 2023, with its chapters collected in 14 tankōbon volumes. The story follows a group of adventurers in a fantasy world who, after failing to defeat a dragon that consumed one of their own, embark on a journey through a dungeon to revive her, surviving by cooking and eating the monsters they encounter along the way.

Yen Press has licensed the series in North America. An anime television series adaptation produced by Trigger aired from January to June 2024. A second season has been announced.
Kazuma Miki
Kazuma Miki (三木一馬, Miki Kazuma; born September 12, 1977) is a Japanese light novel editor. He is CEO of Straight Edge Inc, editor-in-chief of LINE novel, and outside director of Egg Firm. He is from the Tokushima prefecture. He graduated from Sophia University as a physics major.

Tsukasa Fushimi
Tsukasa Fushimi (伏見 つかさ, Fushimi Tsukasa, born 1981) is a Japanese author of light novels. He made his debut in 2006 with the novel series Jūsanbanme no Alice. This was followed in 2008 by his well-known novel series Oreimo, which spawned a media franchise encompassing multiple manga, anime, and video game adaptations. In 2013, Fushimi began writing his novel series Eromanga Sensei which ended in 2022.
Night Nurse Ingeborg
Night Nurse Ingeborg (German: Nachtschwester Ingeborg) is a 1958 West German drama film directed by Géza von Cziffra and starring Ewald Balser, Claus Biederstaedt and Immy Schell.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Dieter Bartels and Johannes Ott.

Johannes Ott
Johannes Ott (1919–1995) was a German art director known for his work in the country's film industry. In the early stages of his career he collaborated frequently with the veteran set designer Erich Kettelhut.
Ronald E. McNair High School (California)
Ronald E. McNair High School is a high school in Stockton, California, United States. Opened in August, 2005. it is the newest high school in Lodi Unified School District.  The school is named after Dr. Ronald E. McNair (1950–1986), a physicist and astronaut who died in the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger explosion.

The mission of RMHS is "To ensure that all Ronald McNair students learn, to embrace diversity and a commitment to create a respectful community that develops academic and interpersonal skills".

Ronald McNair
Ronald Erwin McNair (October 21, 1950 – January 28, 1986) was an American NASA astronaut and physicist. He died at the age of 35 during the launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-51-L, in which he was serving as one of three mission specialists in a crew of seven.

Prior to the Challenger disaster, McNair flew as a mission specialist on STS-41-B aboard Challenger from February 3 to 11, 1984, becoming the second African-American in space.
Pacific Dental Services
Pacific Dental Services (PDS) is a dental support organization (DSO) that provides business and administrative services for dental offices in the United States. It is headquartered in Irvine, California.

According to founder and CEO Stephen Thorne, Pacific Dental Services follows a business model that provides operational practices, procedures, and technology for dental practices. Its ownership structure allows dentists to own their practices while engaging PDS’s management services.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Diguanylate cyclase
In enzymology, diguanylate cyclase, also known as diguanylate kinase (EC 2.7.7.65), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

2 Guanosine triphosphate ↔ 2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

The substrates of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) are two molecules of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and the products are two molecules of diphosphate and one molecule of cyclic di-3’,5’-guanylate (cyclic di-GMP).

Degradation of cyclic di-GMP to guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is catalyzed by a phosphodiesterase (PDE).

Cyclic di-GMP
Cyclic di-GMP (also called cyclic diguanylate and c-di-GMP) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety of bacteria. Cyclic di-GMP is not known to be used by archaea, and has only been observed in eukaryotes in Dictyostelium. The biological role of cyclic di-GMP was first uncovered when it was identified as an allosteric activator of a cellulose synthase found in Gluconacetobacter xylinus in order to produce microbial cellulose.

In structure, it is a cycle containing only two guanine bases linked by ribose and phosphate.
Electrofuge
In chemistry, an electrofuge is a leaving group that does not retain the lone pair of electrons from its previous bond with another species (in contrast to a nucleofuge, which does). It can result from the heterolytic breaking of covalent bonds. After this reaction an electrofuge may possess either a positive or a neutral charge; this is governed by the nature of the specific reaction.

An example would be the loss of H+ from a molecule of benzene during nitration.

The word 'electrofuge' is frequently found in older literature, but its use in contemporary organic chemistry is now uncommon.

Leaving group
In organic chemistry, a leaving group typically means a molecular fragment that departs with an electron pair during a reaction step with heterolytic bond cleavage.  In this usage, a leaving group is a less formal but more commonly used synonym of the term nucleofuge; although IUPAC gives the term a broader definition.

A species' ability to serve as a leaving group can affect whether a reaction is viable, as well as what mechanism the reaction takes.

Leaving group ability depends strongly on context, but often correlates with ability to stabilize additional electron density from bond heterolysis.  Common anionic leaving groups are Cl−, Br− and I− halides and sulfonate esters such as tosylate (TsO−).  Water (H2O), alcohols (R−OH), and amines (R3N) are common neutral leaving groups, although they often require activating catalysts.  Some moieties, such as hydride (H−) serve as leaving groups only extremely rarely.
Harald Brattbakk
Harald Martin Brattbakk (born 1 February 1971) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He was the all-time top scorer in the Norwegian top division with 166 goals in 255 matches, before being surpassed by Sigurd Rushfeldt in 2011. After his retirement from playing he became a pilot.

Kolstad IL
Kolstad Idrettslag is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Kolstad/Saupstad in Trondheim. It is known for the two main departments of football and handball. The handball team has been playing in the top division of REMA 1000-ligaen since 2015.