hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agnès Gruda
Agnès Gruda is a Polish-born Canadian journalist and fiction writer. A foreign correspondent for La Presse, she won a National Newspaper Award in 2014 for her reporting on the Salafi movement.

Her debut short story collection Onze petites trahisons was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for French-language fiction at the 2010 Governor General's Awards, and won Quebec's Prix Adrienne-Choquette. Her second short fiction collection, Mourir, mais pas trop, was published in 2016.

She is the sister of writer Joanna Gruda and journalist Alexandra Szacka.

La Presse
La Presse is a French-language online newspaper published daily in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1884, it is now owned by an independent nonprofit trust.

La Presse was formerly a broadsheet daily, considered a newspaper of record in Canada. Its Sunday edition was discontinued in 2009, and the weekday edition in 2016. The weekend Saturday printed edition was discontinued on 31 December 2017, turning La Presse into an entirely online newspaper.
Nonkilling Global Political Science
Nonkilling Global Political Science is a 2002 book written by political scientist Glenn D. Paige. In his book, Paige challenges the violence-accepting assumptions of the discipline of political science as a whole. Paige introduces the concept of nonkilling, which refers to the absence of killing, threats to kill, and conditions conducive to killing in human society.

The book has been translated into over two dozen languages and had led to convening the First Global Nonkilling Leadership Forum in Honolulu, Hawai‘i, 1–4 November 2007. The book spurred the creation of the Center for Global Nonkilling, a United Nations special consultative status nongovernmental organization, and has subsequently led to a body of scholarship, including dedicated issues in peace and conflict study journals.

Center for Global Nonkilling
The Center for Global Nonkilling (originally known as the Center for Global Nonviolence) is an international non-profit organization focused on the promotion of change toward the measurable goal of a killing-free world. The Center for Global Nonkilling is an NGO in Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council and a participant organization of the World Health Organization's Violence Prevention Alliance.
Chen Shiju
Chen Shiju (Chinese: 陈世炬) was an important political aide for China's former leader Hu Jintao. Chen served as Hu's secretary beginning in Guizhou 1986. Chen was the director of the Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party under Hu Jintao from 2002 to 2012. Chen concurrently served as deputy director of the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party. In 2015, he held a concurrent post on deputy director of the Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization.

Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
The Office of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party often referred to as the General Secretary's Office (总书记办公室) is a bureau whose staff is assigned to work directly under, and closely with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s General Secretary. The Office manages personal affairs of the General Secretary and is a part of the Central Committee, but reports directly to the General Secretary. The director of the Office of the General Secretary and the staff under him are considered to be Mishus, or trusted confidants responsible for maintaining the private information and correspondence of the party's leader.

The office is distinct from, and administratively subordinate to, the CCP General Office, whose staff support the many party departments under the CCP Central Committee, the CCP Secretariat and the CCP Politburo. All directors of the Office of the General Secretary have also concurrently served as directors of the Office of the President.
O(n) scheduler
The O(n) scheduler is the scheduler used in the  Linux kernel between versions 2.4 and 2.6. Since version 2.6.0, it has been replaced by the O(1) scheduler and in 2.6.23 by the Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS), which itself was replaced by the current Earliest eligible virtual deadline first (EEVDF) in 6.6.

Scheduling (computing)
In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks. The resources may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The tasks may be threads, processes or data flows.

The scheduling activity is carried out by a mechanism called a scheduler. Schedulers are often designed so as to keep all computer resources busy (as in load balancing), allow multiple users to share system resources effectively, or to achieve a target quality-of-service.

Scheduling is fundamental to computation itself, and an intrinsic part of the execution model of a computer system; the concept of scheduling makes it possible to have computer multitasking with a single central processing unit (CPU).
Guardabosone
Guardabosone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Vercelli.

Guardabosone borders the following municipalities: Ailoche, Borgosesia, Caprile, Crevacuore, Postua, Scopa, Scopello, and Serravalle Sesia.

Ailoche
Ailoche is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Turin and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Biella.

Ailoche borders the following municipalities: Caprile, Coggiola, Crevacuore, Guardabosone, Postua. Sights include  the Santuario della Brugarola.
Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station
The Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station (also referred to as The 50 years of Great October Dam) is a concrete gravity dam on the Angara River and adjacent hydroelectric power station. It is the second level of the Angara River hydroelectric station cascade in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. From its  commissioning in 1966, the station was the world's single biggest power producer until Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station reached 5,000 MW (at 10 turbines) in 1971. Annually the station produces 22.6 TWh. Currently, the Bratsk Power Station operates 18 hydro-turbines, each with capacity of 250 MW, produced by the Leningrad Metal Works ("LMZ", Russian: ЛМЗ, Russian: Ленинградский Металлический завод) in the 1960s.

Angara
The Angara (/ˌæŋɡəˈrɑː, ˌɑːŋ-/; Russian: Ангара [ənɡɐˈra]) or Angar (Russian Buryat: Ангар [ˈaɴɢɐr] мүрэн) is a major river in Siberia, which traces a course through Russia's Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai. It drains out of Lake Baikal and is the headwater tributary of the Yenisey. It is 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 1,039,000 square kilometres (401,000 sq mi). It was formerly known as the Lower or Nizhnyaya Angara (distinguishing it from the Upper Angara). Below its junction with the Ilim, it was formerly known as the Upper Tunguska (Russian: Верхняя Тунгуска, Verhnyaya Tunguska, distinguishing it from the Lower Tunguska) and, with the names reversed, as the Lower Tunguska.
Matthias Henn
Matthias Henn (born 28 April 1985 in Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German retired footballer who played as a defender.

He spent three seasons in the Bundesliga so far, one with Eintracht Braunschweig and two with 1. FC Kaiserslautern. After eight seasons in Braunschweig, Henn joined Hansa Rostock in 2015.

Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkn̩fɛlt] ⓘ) is a town and the district seat of the Birkenfeld district in southwest Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde. The town itself has approximately 7,000 inhabitants.
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation
The Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1998 by co-chairmen Leonard A. Lauder and Ronald S. Lauder of the Estée Lauder Companies cosmetics family  and led by Howard Fillit, a geriatrician and neuroscientist. The ADDF provides funding to scientists who are conducting promising, innovative Alzheimer's disease drug research worldwide. The ADDF funds early-stage research and early-phase clinical trials that might otherwise go unfunded. By supporting research projects around the world, it seeks to increase the chances of finding treatments for Alzheimer's disease, related dementias and cognitive aging. The ADDF has invested nearly $65 million to fund some 450 Alzheimer's drug discovery programs and clinical trials in academic centers and biotechnology companies in 18 countries.

Leonard Lauder
Leonard Alan Lauder (March 19, 1933 – June 14, 2025) was an American billionaire, philanthropist and art collector. Together, he and his brother, Ronald Lauder, were the sole heirs to The Estée Lauder Companies cosmetics fortune, founded in 1946 by their parents, Estée and Joseph Lauder. Having been its CEO until 1999, Leonard was the chairman emeritus of The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. During his tenure as the CEO, the company went public at the New York Stock Exchange in 1996 and acquired several major cosmetics brands, including MAC Cosmetics, Aveda, Bobbi Brown, and La Mer.

In 2013, Lauder promised his collection of Cubist art to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The collection is valued at over $1 billion and constitutes one of the largest gifts in the museum's history.

At the time of his death, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$9.7 billion.
Karisöödi
Karisöödi (Võro: Karissöödä) is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County, Estonia. Between 1991–2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian municipalities) the village was located in Mõniste Parish. It is the southernmost settlement in Estonia.

Mõniste Parish
Mõniste Parish (Estonian: Mõniste vald; Võro: Mõnistõ vald) was a rural municipality in Võru County, southeastern Estonia.

In 2017, it merged with Rõuge Parish, Haanja Parish, Misso Parish, and Varstu Parish to create a new entity. It retained the Rõuge Parish name.
Adventure Time (1958 TV series)
Adventure Time was a local children's television show on WTAE-TV 4 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from September 15, 1958 to February 18, 1979.  It was hosted by Paul Shannon from 1958 until his retirement in 1975, accompanied by guitarist Joe Negri and puppeteer Jim Martin. Negri took over as the show's host from 1975 until 1979.

WTAE-TV
WTAE-TV (channel 4) is a television station in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, affiliated with ABC. It has been owned by Hearst Television since the station's inception, making this one of two stations that have been built and signed on by Hearst (alongside company flagship WBAL-TV in Baltimore). WTAE-TV's studios are located on Ardmore Boulevard (PA 8) in the suburb of Wilkinsburg (though with a Pittsburgh mailing address), and its transmitter is located in Buena Vista, Pennsylvania.
2012–13 UCI Asia Tour
The 2012–13 UCI Asia Tour was the 9th season of the UCI Asia Tour. The season began on 20 October 2012 with the Tour of Hainan and ended on 30 September 2013 with the Tour of China II.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Asia Tour cycling jersey. Hossein Alizadeh from Iran was the defending champion of the 2011–12 UCI Asia Tour. Julián Arredondo from Colombia was crowned as the 2012–13 UCI Asia Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2

Julián Arredondo
Julián David Arredondo Moreno (born 30 July 1988) is a Colombian former professional road cyclist, who rode professionally between 2012 and 2017 for the Trek–Segafredo and Nippo–Vini Fantini teams. Arredondo is best known for winning the mountains classification at the 2014 Giro d'Italia, as well as the 2012–13 UCI Asia Tour standings. He also competed at the 2014 Vuelta a España and the 2015 Tour de France.
Probable error
In statistics, probable error defines the half-range of an interval about a central point for the distribution, such that half of the values from the distribution will lie within the interval and half outside. 
Thus for a symmetric distribution it is equivalent to half the interquartile range, or the median absolute deviation.  One such use of the term probable error in this sense is as the name for the scale parameter of the Cauchy distribution, which does not have a standard deviation.

The probable error can also be expressed as a multiple of the standard deviation σ, which requires that at least the second statistical moment of the distribution should exist, whereas the other definition does not.  For a normal distribution this is 
 (see details).

Interquartile range
In descriptive statistics, the interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which is the spread of the data. The IQR may also be called the midspread, middle 50%, fourth spread, or H‑spread. It is defined as the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles of the data. To calculate the IQR, the data set is divided into quartiles, or four rank-ordered even parts via linear interpolation. These quartiles are denoted by Q1 (also called the lower quartile), Q2 (the median), and Q3 (also called the upper quartile). The lower quartile corresponds with the 25th percentile and the upper quartile corresponds with the 75th percentile, so IQR = Q3 −  Q1.

The IQR is an example of a trimmed estimator, defined as the 25% trimmed range, which enhances the accuracy of dataset statistics by dropping lower contribution, outlying points. It is also used as a robust measure of scale It can be clearly visualized by the box on a box plot.
Scott Eastwood
Scott Eastwood (born Scott Clinton Reeves; March 21, 1986) is an American actor. The son of the Hollywood actor Clint Eastwood, he has starred in several of his father's films, including Flags of Our Fathers (2006), Gran Torino (2008), Invictus (2009), and Trouble with the Curve (2012), as well as Texas Chainsaw (2013), Fury (2014), The Longest Ride (2015), Suicide Squad (2016), Snowden (2016), The Fate of the Furious (2017), Pacific Rim Uprising (2018), The Outpost (2020), Wrath of Man (2021), Fast X (2023) and 1992 (2024).

The Outpost (2019 film)
The Outpost is a 2019 American war film directed by Rod Lurie, based on the 2012 non-fiction book The Outpost: An Untold Story of American Valor by Jake Tapper, about the Battle of Kamdesh in the War in Afghanistan. It stars Scott Eastwood, Caleb Landry Jones, Orlando Bloom, Jack Kesy, Cory Hardrict, Milo Gibson, Jacob Scipio, Will Attenborough, and Taylor John Smith.

It had its world premiere at Thessaloniki International Film Festival on November 2, 2019. The film was scheduled to premiere at the 2020 South by Southwest Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was released via Premium VOD and in selected theaters on July 3, 2020. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise for the battle sequences and respectful depiction of the soldiers.
Bromide, Oklahoma
Bromide is a town in Coal and Johnston counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 123 as of the 2020 Census.

The area around Bromide was noted for its mineral springs, and the bromide content of the water gave the town its name. It was also noted for limestone quarrying and the potential to produce manganese. Proposals to promote economic growth from these assets never materialized.

Johnston County, Oklahoma
Johnston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,272. Its county seat is Tishomingo. It was established at statehood on November 16, 1907, and named for Douglas H. Johnston, a governor of the Chickasaw Nation.

Johnston County is part of the Texoma Region.
Mégantic (provincial electoral district)
Mégantic is a provincial electoral district in the Estrie and Chaudière-Appalaches regions of Quebec, Canada. It notably includes the municipalities of Lac-Mégantic, Cookshire-Eaton, East Angus, Ascot Corner, Stoke, Weedon and Disraeli.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada). It was abolished before the 1973 election and its territory was mostly divided between Lotbinière and Frontenac; a small part also went to Arthabaska. Despite the name, none of the territory of Mégantic went into the newly created Mégantic-Compton. However, Mégantic-Compton was abolished before the 2012 election and its successor electoral district was the recreated Mégantic, which contains most of the former area Mégantic-Compton, as well as parts of Johnson, Richmond, and Frontenac as they existed prior to the 2012 election.

Lac-Mégantic, Quebec
Lac-Mégantic (French pronunciation: [lak meɡɑ̃tik]) is a town in the Estrie region of Quebec, Canada. It is located on Lac Mégantic, a freshwater lake after which the town was named. Situated in the former Frontenac County in the historic Eastern Townships, Lac-Mégantic is the seat of Le Granit Regional County Municipality and of the judicial district of Mégantic.

Lac-Mégantic is a tourist destination and a producer of forestry products, furniture, Masonite doors, particleboard, and architectural granite.

On July 6, 2013, the Lac-Mégantic rail disaster led to a massive fire and a deadly explosion of petroleum tank cars that destroyed many downtown buildings and killed 47 people.
Textile manufacturing
Textile manufacturing or textile engineering is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods such as clothing, household items, upholstery and various industrial products.

Different types of fibres are used to produce yarn. Cotton remains the most widely used and common natural fiber making up 90% of all-natural fibers used in the textile industry. People often use cotton clothing and accessories because of comfort, not limited to different weathers. There are many variable processes available at the spinning and fabric-forming stages coupled with the complexities of the finishing and colouration processes to the production of a wide range of products.

Scutching
Scutching is a step in the processing of cotton or the dressing of flax or hemp in preparation for spinning. The scutching process separates the impurities from the raw material, such as the seeds from raw cotton or the straw and woody stem from flax fibers. Scutching can be done by hand or by a machine known as a scutcher. Hand scutching of flax is done with a wooden scutching knife and a small iron scraper. The end products of scutching flax are the long finer flax fibers called line, short coarser fibers called tow, and waste woody matter called shives.

In the early days of the cotton industry, the raw material was manually beaten with sticks after being placed on a mesh, a process known as willowing or batting. The task was mechanised by the development of machines known as willowers. Scutching machines were introduced in the early 19th century. These  processed the raw material into a continuous sheet of cotton wadding known as a lap.
Matt Martians
Matthew Robert Martin (born September 12, 1988), known professionally as Matt Martians, is an American record producer, illustrator, singer and songwriter. Aside from his solo career, Martians is a founding member of the hip hop music collective Odd Future and the alternative R&B band The Internet, and is one half of the production duo The Jet Age of Tomorrow (formerly The Super 3) with Pyramid Vritra, a sub-group of Odd Future.

Ego Death (album)
Ego Death is the third studio album by American R&B band the Internet. It was released on June 26, 2015, through Odd Future and distributed by Columbia Records. The album was supported by the singles "Special Affair" and "Girl". Ego Death was nominated at the 2016 Grammy Awards for Best Urban Contemporary Album.
Mr. Smith (film)
Mr. Smith is a 1976 short film written and directed by Adrian Lyne and starring Peter Barkworth. It was often shown as a 'filler' in London's West End cinemas along with horror or soft porn films such as Emmanuelle. It was Lyne's second short film, following The Table (1973), and was well received at the London Film Festival.

Adrian Lyne
Adrian Lyne (born 4 March 1941) is an English film director. His films are known for sexually charged narratives that explore conflicting passions, the power of seduction, moral ambiguity, betrayal, and the indelibility of infidelity.

In the mid 1970s, he directed television commercials for  DIM Lingerie (France), before switching to feature-length films in 1980 with Foxes. He would later direct Flashdance, 9½ Weeks, Fatal Attraction, Jacob's Ladder, Indecent Proposal, Lolita, and Unfaithful. Lyne received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director for Fatal Attraction.
Borko
Björn Kristjánsson, known professionally as Borko, is an Icelandic musician. His debut album Celebrating Life was released in March 2008 on record labels Morr Music and Kimi Records. Borko and band toured with the Icelandic bands Múm, FM Belfast and Seabear. Now he is a teacher in Laugalækjarskóli.

Morr Music
Morr Music is an independent record label based in Berlin, Germany, founded in 1999 by Thomas Morr. Most artists on the label fall into the categories of intelligent dance music, electronica and dreampop, but all reflect Thomas Morr's personal taste. This results in a cohesive aesthetic observable in both the aural and visual elements of the label's releases.
Tiflis Governorate
Tiflis Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its administrative centre in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi). In 1897, it constituted 44,607 square kilometres (17,223 sq mi) in area and had a population of 1,051,032 inhabitants. Tiflis Governorate bordered Elizavetpol Governorate to the southeast, Erivan Governorate to the south, Kars Oblast to the southwest, Batum Oblast to the west, Kutaisi Governorate to the northwest, Terek Oblast to the north, Dagestan Oblast to the northeast, and after 1905, the Zakatal Okrug to the east. The governorate covered areas of central and southeastern Georgia, the partially recognised state of South Ossetia, most of the Lori Province of Armenia, small parts of northwestern Azerbaijan, and a minuscule southern part of Ingushetia of Russia.

Lori Province
Lori (Armenian: Լոռի, Armenian pronunciation: [lɔˈri] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north of the country, bordering Georgia. Vanadzor is the capital and largest city of the province. Other important towns include Stepanavan, Alaverdi, and Spitak. It is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries and the well-preserved Akhtala monastery.

The province was heavily damaged during the 1988 Armenian earthquake.

The province is served by the Stepanavan Airport.