hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mayor of Wirral
The Mayor of Wirral (or Civic Mayor of Wirral) is a ceremonial post elected annually, along with a deputy, by Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council.

The role of the mayor includes chairing council meetings, representing the Borough at civic functions, supporting local charities and conferring Honorary Freemen and Aldermen.

The incumbent mayor is Brian Kenny.

Wirral Council
Wirral Council, or Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council, is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. It is a metropolitan district council with borough status, thus providing the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under no overall control since 2019, with the leader of the council belonging to the Labour Party. Council meetings are held at Wallasey Town Hall and the main administrative offices are at Alice Ker Square in Birkenhead.
Mark Burmester
Mark Greville Burmester (born 24 January 1968) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played in three Test matches and eight One Day Internationals between 1992 and 1995. He played in Zimbabwe's inaugural Test, opening the bowling he became the first Zimbabwean to take a Test wicket. He was born at Durban in South Africa and is a past student of Eaglesvale High School in Harare.

In February 2020, he was named in Zimbabwe's squad for the Over-50s Cricket World Cup in South Africa. However, the tournament was cancelled during the third round of matches due to the coronavirus pandemic.

His son, Dean Burmester, is a professional golfer.

Eaglesvale Senior School
Eaglesvale Senior School is a Christian, co-educational independent, boarding and day school situated on an estate approximately 40 hectares (100 acres) in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is 12 km south west of the Harare Central Business District. It shares the same estate with Eaglesvale Preparatory School which is the primary school.

There are over 500 pupils in the senior school. Students, alumni and staff of Eaglesvale call their school 'Vale'.

Eaglesvale Senior School and Preparatory School are members of the Association of Trust Schools (ATS) and the Headmasters are members of the Conference of Heads of Independent Schools in Zimbabwe (CHISZ). The schools participate in the festivals held by the National Institute of Allied Arts.
Darling's Observatory
Darling's Observatory, built from 1916 to 1917, was a private observatory built by J. H. Darling in Duluth, Minnesota. The site of the observatory was on West 3rd Street between 9th and 10th avenues in Duluth and sat about 325 feet above Lake Superior (927 feet above sea level). Plans for the building were drawn by Richard E. Schmidt of Garden & Martin of Chicago. The blueprints for the steel dome were prepared by Darling himself after inspecting domes from various other observatories. The wooden building had a stucco exterior finish.

In 1965, the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) took possession of the observatory's Telescope, where it remains on display. In 1972, the building, which had been repeatedly vandalized, was demolished.

University of Minnesota Duluth
The University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) is a public university in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the University of Minnesota System. UMD offers 17 bachelor's degrees in 87 majors, graduate programs in 24 different fields, a four-year program at the School of Medicine, and a four-year College of Pharmacy program.
Mihran Bahram-i Chobin
Mihran Bahram-i Chubin was an Iranian nobleman from the House of Mihran. He was the son of Bahram Chobin, the famous Sasanian spahbed and briefly shahanshah. Mihran, with the aid of Christian Arab tribes, fought against the Muslim Arabs at Ayn al-Tamir. He was however, defeated. What happened to Mihran afterwards is unknown; however, it is known that he had a son named Siyavakhsh, who fell to the Arabs in 651 at Ray.

Battle of Ayn al-Tamr
32°33′58.0″N 43°29′25.4″E﻿ / ﻿32.566111°N 43.490389°E﻿ / 32.566111; 43.490389

The Battle of Ayn al-Tamr (Arabic: معركة عين التمر) took place in modern-day Iraq (Mesopotamia) between the early Muslim Arab forces and the Sassanians along with their Arab Christian auxiliary forces. Ayn al-Tamr is located west of Anbar and was a frontier post which had been established to aid the Sassanids.

The Muslims under Khalid ibn al-Walid's command soundly defeated the Sassanian auxiliary force, which included large numbers of non-Muslim Arabs who broke earlier covenants with the Muslims. According to William Muir, Khalid ibn al-Walid captured the Arab Christian commander, Aqqa ibn Qays ibn Bashir, with his own hands, which matched the accounts of both Ibn Atheer in his Usd al-ghabah fi marifat al-Saḥabah, and Tabari in his Tarikh.
Matsubushi, Saitama
Matsubushi (松伏町, Matsubushi-machi) is a town located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the town had an estimated population of 28,787 in 12,141 households and a population density of 1800 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 16.20 square kilometres (6.25 sq mi).

Taisho University
Taisho University (大正大学, Taishō daigaku) is a private university in Nishi-sugamo, Toshima, Tokyo, Japan. The university was founded in the last year of the Taishō period (1926) by merging the three Buddhist colleges. 
The three were:

the Tendai-shū College (天台宗大学, Tendai-shū daigaku, founded in 1885),

the Buzan College (豊山大学, Buzan daigaku, founded in 1887 and funded by Shingon-shū Buzan-ha), and

the Religious College (宗教大学, Shūkyō daigaku, founded in 1887 and funded by Jōdo-shū).

Its school precepts are based on the Tendai school of Buddhism. The concept for the university began when five doctors—Junjiro Takakusu, Masaharu Anesaki, Eun Maeda, Senshō Murakami and Masataro Sawayanagi—who were leaders of Buddhist society in Japan, proposed creating a Buddhist university union.
Futuh al-Haramayn
Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina) is considered the first Islamic guidebook for pilgrimage. It was written by Muhi al-Din Lari and completed in India in 1505–6. The book was dedicated to Muzaffar ibn Mahmudshah, the ruler of Gujarat. No early illustrated Indian copies are known, but later in the 16th century it was widely copied in Ottoman Turkey. The book describes the full rituals of the Hajj in order, and describes the religious sites one can visit.

Muhyi al-Din Lari
Muḥyi al-Dīn Lārī (Arabic: محي الدين لاري), died 1521 or 1526–7, was a 16th-century miniaturist and writer, best known for his Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn, a guidebook to the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
Cloudy Times
Cloudy Times (Spanish: El tiempo nublado) is a 2014 documentary film directed by Arami Ullon. The film illustrates Ullón's relationship with her ageing mother, who has epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, and the conflicts she faces when she needs to take care of her while living away. It was selected as the Paraguayan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards and Goya Awards. The documentary is a co-production between Switzerland, where the director resides, and Paraguay.

Arami Ullón
Arami Ullón (born October 3, 1978) is a Paraguayan film director, producer and writer. She is the author of the awarded documentary Cloudy Times. She lives in Switzerland and Paraguay. Ullón started her career at age 16, and she is considered a pioneer and innovator in the movie industry in Paraguay.
RAF Culmhead
Royal Air Force Culmhead or more simply RAF Culmhead is a former Royal Air Force station, situated at Churchstanton on the Blackdown Hills in Somerset, England. It was originally named RAF Church Stanton.

It had three tarmac runways that are now in poor condition and the control towers are currently derelict.  There is now an industrial estate – derived from the later Composite Signals Organisation Station (CSOS) – right in the middle of the place where the three runways meet.

Blackdown Hills
The Blackdown Hills, or Blackdowns, are a range of hills along the Somerset–Devon border in south-western England. The plateau is dominated by hard chert bands of Upper Greensand with some remnants of chalk, and is cut through by river valleys.

The Blackdown Hills were designated in 1991 as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). In November 2023, AONBs became National Landscapes. The hills support an extensive range of wildlife leading to the designation of 16 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs).

There is evidence of human occupation since the Iron Age. Fortifications include the remains of ancient hill forts, Norman motte-and-bailey castles and Second World War airfields. There are also religious buildings such as Dunkeswell Abbey and village churches. The hills are crossed by a network of minor roads, and major transport routes including the M5 motorway run around the periphery.
Caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, and can serve a political purpose, be drawn solely for entertainment, or for a combination of both. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in newspapers and news magazines as political cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines. In literature, a caricature is a distorted representation of a person in a way that exaggerates some characteristics and oversimplifies others.

Thomas Rowlandson
Thomas Rowlandson (/ˈroʊləndsən/; 13 July 1757 – 21 April 1827) was an English artist and caricaturist of the Georgian Era, noted for his political satire and social observation. A prolific artist and printmaker, Rowlandson produced both individual social and political satires, as well as a large number of illustrations for novels, humorous books, and topographical works. Like other caricaturists of his age such as James Gillray, his caricatures are often robust or bawdy. His caricatures included those of people in power such as the Duchess of Devonshire, William Pitt the Younger and Napoleon Bonaparte. Rowlandson also produced erotica for a private clientele; this was never published publicly at the time and is now only found in a small number of collections.
Jatav
Jatav, also known as Jatava/Jatan/ Jatua/Jhusia /Jatia/Jatiya, is an Indian Dalit community that are considered to be a sub-caste of the Chamar caste, who are classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of positive discrimination.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the Jatav community of Uttar Pradesh comprised 54% of that state's total 22,496,047 Scheduled-Caste population.

Jatav Mahasabha
Akhil Bharatiya Jatav Mahasabha was founded in India in 1917 under the leadership of Manik Chand Jatav and Swami Achootanand. It was formed to promote the interests of Chamars for seeking social upliftment into Kshatriya varna.
Robb Denovan
Robb Denovan (aliases: R. Deadly, Ron Donovan, Robbo Choyan etc.) is an animator from Canada who has won international acclaim for his work. He currently lives in London, England.

Robb was born to Jack and Janet Denovan on June 1, 1978, in Carleton Place, Ontario. He attended St. Mary's Public School and Carleton Place High School.

Robb studied at Sheridan College in Oakville, Ontario, from 1997 to 2001, and got his first big break as an animator in 2004, when he worked on the Oscar-winning National Film Board of Canada short film Ryan. He later worked on The Wild, a project for Disney. His next big project took him to New Zealand, where he worked under Peter Jackson on the award-winning film King Kong.

Currently, Robb works as an animator for Pixar and his work can be seen in Cars 2, Brave and Monsters University.

Robb has also engaged in, and done popular art for, such social groups as Gentlemen's Club and Medical Architects.

Sheridan College
Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, formerly Sheridan College of Applied Arts and Technology, is a public polytechnic institute partnered with private Canadian College of Technology and Trades operating campuses across the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. It is known colloquially as Sheridan College or simply Sheridan.

Founded in 1967, it is known for academic programs in creative writing and publishing, animation and illustration, film and design, business, applied computing, and engineering technology, among others. Sheridan operates the Davis Campus in Brampton, the Trafalgar Campus in Oakville, and the Hazel McCallion Campus in Mississauga.

In 2024 Sheridan College's dependence on International student enrollment was blamed for the cancellation of 40 programs and major layoffs.
VC-137C SAM 27000
SAM 27000 is the second of the two Boeing VC-137C aircraft that were specifically configured and maintained for the use of the president of the United States.  It used the call sign Air Force One when the president was on board, and at other times it used the call sign SAM 27000 (spoken as 'SAM two-seven-thousand'), with SAM indicating 'Special Air Mission.' The VC-137C serial number 72-7000 is a customized version of the Boeing 707 which entered service during the Nixon administration in 1972. It served all US presidents until George W. Bush and was retired in 2001. It is now on display at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the presidential library and burial site of Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United States (1981–1989), and his wife Nancy Reagan. Located in Simi Valley, California, the library is administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).

The library opened in 1991 and houses the repository of presidential records from the Reagan administration. The library contains millions of documents, photographs, films and tapes. It also contains memorabilia and a permanent exhibit of Ronald Reagan's life.
USS Lansdowne
USS Lansdowne (DD-486), a Gleaves-class destroyer, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Lieutenant Commander Zachary Lansdowne.

Lansdowne was laid down on 31 July 1941 by Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company of Kearny, New Jersey and launched on 20 February 1942, sponsored by Miss Peggy Lansdowne, daughter of Lt.Cmdr. Lansdowne. The ship was commissioned on 29 April 1942, Lt. Cmdr. William R. Smedberg III in command.

William R. Smedberg III
William Renwick Smedberg III (September 28, 1902 – October 5, 1994) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy. He was Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland from March 16, 1956 to June 27, 1958. During World War II, Smedberg served as commanding officer of USS Lansdowne and USS Hudson. After the war, he served as an aide to  Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal.
He was a 1926 graduate of the Naval Academy. He is interred in the Arlington National Cemetery along with his father, Brigadier General William Renwick Smedberg Jr., USA, and his son  Rear Admiral William Renwick Smedberg IV, USN.  Smedberg had also commanded the USS Iowa.
Dharma Initiative
The Dharma Initiative, also written DHARMA (Department of Heuristics and Research on Material Applications), is a fictional research project and organization featured in the television series Lost. It was introduced in the second season episode "Orientation".  In 2008, the Dharma Initiative website was launched. Dharma's interests were directly connected with fringe science. Dharma is a Sanskrit term used in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.  The logo is an octagon with the word "dharma" inside, all inscribed inside a bagua.

Daniel Faraday
Daniel Faraday is a fictional character on the ABC television series Lost played by Jeremy Davies. Faraday is introduced in the Season 4 premiere as a physicist from the Queen's College, University of Oxford. He has short-term memory loss, possibly due to his experiments with radioactivity. He is part of the team aboard the  freighter Kahana that is offshore the island. Throughout his time on the series, Faraday plays an important role by sharing his knowledge of time travel. After time traveling to 1977, Faraday is shot and killed by Eloise Hawking (Alice Evans) who is unaware that he is her son.

Jeremy Davies was cast in the role because of the "tremendous intelligence that seems to emanate from him" and was one of the writer-producers' favorite character actors. Davies was critically praised for his performance and critics were generally disappointed by the character's death in season five. UGO.com named him one of the best TV nerds.
Return of the Boogie Men
Return of the Boogie Men is the thirteenth studio album by British hard rock band Foghat, released in 1994. This album reunited the original members of the band, Dave Peverett, Roger Earl, Rod Price and Tony Stevens. Price had left the group after the completion of 1980's "Tight Shoes" release; Stevens had departed following the recording of "Rock and Roll Outlaws" in 1974. Beginning in June, 1994, Foghat toured through the end of 1996 to promote "Return of the Boogie Men". Two performances at the Roseland Theater in Portland, Oregon on October 25 and 26, 1996 were recorded which resulted in the 1998 live album, Road Cases.

Foghat
Foghat are an English rock band formed in London in 1971. The band are known for the use of electric slide guitar in their music. Their best known song is the 1975 hit "Slow Ride". The band have released 17 studio albums, including eight gold albums and one platinum, along with one double platinum live album. Despite several line-up changes, the band continue to record and perform.
Thank God for Evolution
Thank God for Evolution is a book by Michael Dowd that argues for a marriage of science and religion within an evolutionary paradigm.

It was published by Council Oak Books in November 2006 and acquired in spring 2007 by Viking Penguin. In the book and in his sermons, Dowd presents evolution as a sacred epic of emerging complexity that can be seen as "14 billion years of grace."

Michael Dowd
Michael Dowd (/daʊd/; November 19, 1958 – October 7, 2023) was an American author, Christian minister (United Church of Christ and Universal Life Church), lecturer, and advocate of ecotheology and post-doom.
Glitch (astronomy)
In astronomy, a glitch is a sudden small increase of around 1 part in 1 million in the rotational frequency of a pulsar, which usually decreases steadily due to braking provided by the emission of radiation and high-energy particles.  It is not known whether glitches are related to the timing noise which all pulsars exhibit.  Following a glitch is a period of gradual recovery where the observed periodicity slows to a period close to that observed before the glitch.  These gradual recovery periods have been observed to last from days to years. As of 2024 only multiple glitches of the Crab and Vela pulsars have been observed and studied extensively.

Vela Pulsar
The Vela Pulsar (PSR J0835–4510 or PSR B0833–45) is a radio, optical, X-ray- and gamma-emitting pulsar associated with the Vela supernova remnant in the constellation of Vela. Its parent Type II supernova exploded approximately 11,000–12,300 years ago (and was about 800 light-years away).
Dronning Juliana Maria (1780 DAC ship)
Dronning Juliana Maria  (also spelled Dronning Juliane Maria and Dronning Juliane Marie) was a Chinaman ship of the Danish Asiatic Company, built in 1780. She was the company's third ship with this name. She sailed on four expeditions to Canton.   She wrecked in the Chinese North Sea on 23–24  September 1790.  Named after Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

Danish Asiatic Company
Danish Asiatic Company (Danish: Asiatisk Kompagni) was a Danish trading company established in 1730 to revive Danish-Norwegian trade on the Danish East Indies and China following the closure of the Danish East India Company. It was granted a 40-year monopoly on Danish trade on Asia in 1732 and taken over by the Danish government in 1772. It was headquartered at Asiatisk Plads in Copenhagen. Its former premises are now used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
María Esther García López
María Esther García López (born, 8 December 1948, La Degollada, Valdés, Asturias) is a poet and writer in Asturian and Spanish. She is the president of the Asociación de Escritores de Asturias (Asturias Writers Association).

She graduated in pedagogy. She is a teacher and expert in Asturian philology. García is a corresponding member of Academia de la Llingua Asturiana. She served as professor at Universidá Asturiana de Branu (UABRA) for 25 years. She also participated as a jury member in numerous literary competitions and poetry recitals.

Valdés, Asturias
Valdés is a Spanish municipality in the province of Asturias. Its capital is Luarca. It borders the Bay of Biscay on the north, the municipalities of Navia and Villayón on the west, Tineo on the south, Salas on the southeast, and Cudillero on the east. The rivers Esva, Negro and Barayo flow through the area. The national road N-634 is the main road serving the municipality.

The surname "Valdés", widespread throughout Spain and Hispanic America, is believed to have ultimately originated from the town of Valdés.
Busan Modern History Museum
The Busan Modern History Museum (Korean: 부산근대역사관; Hanja: 釜山近代歷史館) is a museum in Busan, South Korea.

The building was originally constructed during the Japanese occupation of Korea for the Oriental Development Company an organisation used to support Japanese colonization of Korea. Following the liberation of Korea in 1945 it was later used as the United States Information Service and was the site of the Busan American Cultural Service building arson during student protests in 1982.

Pusan American Cultural Service building arson
35°06′10″N 129°01′52″E﻿ / ﻿35.102689°N 129.031176°E﻿ / 35.102689; 129.031176

The 1982 Pusan arson attack or Pusan American Council Fire Accidents (부산 미국문화원 방화사건; 釜山美國文化院放火事件) was an anti-American attack against the United States Information Service building in Pusan on 18 March 1982. The attack resulted in the death of a Dong-a University student who was studying in the building; three others were injured.
The Masquerader (play)
The Masquerader is a 1917 play by the American weiter John Hunter Booth. It premiered in New York City on 3 September 1917. It was based on the 1904 novel The Masquerader by Katherine Cecil Thurston. A leading British politician chooses to swap places with his cousin, a journalist who is his doppelganger. This leads to a dilemma for his wife who falls in love with the double.

The Masquerader (novel)
The Masquerader (1904) is a novel by Irish writer Katherine Cecil Thurston published in both the United Kingdom and the United States. (It was titled John Chilcote, M.P. in its British release.)

A leading British politician chooses to swap places with his cousin, a journalist who is his doppelganger. This leads to a dilemma for his wife, who falls in love with the double. It was the third most popular book on the New York Times bestselling list that year, and continued as a bestseller in 1905.
Rocky Mountain High
"Rocky Mountain High" is a song written by John Denver and Mike Taylor and is one of the two official state songs of the U.S state of Colorado. Recorded by Denver in 1972, it is the title track of the 1972 album Rocky Mountain High, and rose to No. 9 on the US Hot 100 in 1973. Denver told concert audiences in the mid-1970s that the song took him an unusually long nine months to write. On April 10, 2017, the record was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales exceeding 500,000 digital downloads.

Rocky Mountain High (album)
Rocky Mountain High is the sixth studio album released by American singer-songwriter John Denver in September 1972. It was his first US Top 10 album (no. 4), propelled by the title single, and in addition reached no. 11 in the UK and no. 1 in Canada. The album's cover photograph was taken at Slaughterhouse Falls, Rio Grande Trail, Aspen, Colorado.