hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein
Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Vohenstrauß and Parkstein in modern northeastern Bavaria, Germany.

Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein was created in 1569 out of the partition of the territories of Wolfgang of Palatinate-Zweibrücken for his fourth son Frederick. Frederick died in 1597 without heirs so Vohenstrauss-Parkstein was inherited by Palatinate-Neuburg.

Palatine Zweibrücken
The Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (German: Herzogtum Pfalz-Zweibrücken; French: Duché de Palatinat-Deux-Ponts or Comté palatin de Deux-Ponts) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire with full voting rights to the Reichstag. Its capital was Zweibrücken. The reigning house, a branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was also the Royal House of Sweden from 1654 to 1720.
Kurowashiki All Japan Volleyball Tournament
Kurowashiki All Japan Volleyball Tournament (黒鷲旗全日本男女選抜バレーボール大会, Kurowashiki Zen Nippon Danjo Senbatsu Volleyball Taikai), is a volleyball tournament in Japan.

Kurowashiki (Japanese: 黒鷲旗) means the flag of black eagle. It opens in May every year in Osaka. It is organized by the Japan Volleyball Association and the Mainichi Newspapers.

Toray Arrows Men's Volleyball Club
Toray Arrows (東レアローズ) or stylized as TORAY ARROWS SHIZUOKA is a men's volleyball team based in Mishima city, Shizuoka, Japan. They play in SV.League, the highest Japanese men's volleyball league. The owner of the team is Toray Industries.
Embarrassment (song)
"Embarrassment" is a song recorded by ska/pop band Madness, predominantly written by Lee Thompson, but partially credited to Mike Barson. The band first began performing the song at live shows in April 1980, and it was featured on their second studio album, Absolutely.

The song was released as a single on 14 November 1980 and spent 12 weeks in the UK singles chart, reaching a high of number 4. The song was remixed for issue as a single, which is different from the album version, although they both have the same running time.

Madness (band)
Madness are an English ska and pop band from Camden Town, north west London, who formed in 1976. One of the most prominent bands of the late-1970s/early-1980s two-tone ska revival, they continue to perform with six of the seven members of their original line-up. Madness's most successful period was from 1980 to 1986, when the band's songs spent a total of 214 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, jointly holding the record with English reggae group UB40 for most weeks spent by a group in the UK singles chart during the 1980s.

Madness have had 16 singles reach the UK top ten, including "One Step Beyond", "Baggy Trousers" and "It Must Be Love"; one UK number-one single, "House of Fun"; and two number ones in Ireland, "House of Fun" and "Wings of a Dove". "Our House" was their biggest US hit, reaching number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2000, the band received the Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors for Outstanding Song Collection.
Slate Mountain Presbyterian Church and Cemetery
Slate Mountain Presbyterian Church and Cemetery is a historic Presbyterian church and cemetery in Patrick County, Virginia. It was built in 1932, and is one of six "rock churches" founded by Bob Childress and built between 1919 and the early 1950s.  The building consists of a one-story, gable-fronted rectangular form with a roughly square, Gothic Revival bell tower centered on the building's front elevation.  The building was erected on a concrete block foundation, and has walls of light wood framing covered with a thick quartz and quartzite fieldstone exterior veneer.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Bob Childress
Robert "Bob" Walter Childress (January 19, 1889 or January 19, 1890 – January 16, 1956) was a Presbyterian minister who was born in "The Hollow," now Ararat, Virginia, and grew up surrounded by the Primitive Baptist tradition. He became known throughout the Southern Appalachian region for his work to transform the region's culture of violence and promote basic education. He was also the founder of the famous "Rock Churches" of Floyd, Patrick and Carroll counties in Virginia.
Anfillo (woreda)
Anfillo is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Kelem Welega Zone, Anfillo is bordered on the southwest by the Gambela Region, on the north by Jimma Gidami, on the northeast by Yemalogi Welele, and on the east by Sayo. The major town in Anfillo is Mugi.

Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda. Over 50 square kilometers are planted with this crop.

Mao languages
The Mao languages are a branch of the Omotic languages spoken in Ethiopia and parts of Sudan. The group had the following categories:

Bambasi, spoken in the Bambasi woreda of Benishangul-Gumuz Region,

Hozo and Seze (often described together as 'Begi Mao'), spoken around Begi in the Mirab (West) Welega Zone of the Oromia Region, and

Ganza, which is spoken south of Bambasi in the Asosa Zone of Benishangul-Gumuz Region, west of the Hozo and Seze languages and in Blue Nile State in Sudan.

It is estimated that there are 5,000 speakers of Bambasi, 3,000 speakers each of Hozo and Seze and a few hundred Ganza speakers (Bender, 2000). During recent political upheavals, a few thousand Bambassi speakers established themselves in the valley of the Didessa River and Belo Jegonfoy woreda. Much of the Mirab Welega Zone was once the home of Mao languages, but they have lost speakers because of the increasing influence of Oromo.
Cantiones sacrae (Gesualdo)
The Sacrae Cantiones of Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa are two collections of motets published in 1603. The first volume consists of 19 motets for 5 voices, the second volume of 20 motets for 6 or 7 voices. The bassus and sextus (sixth part) of the second volume are lost, but were reconstructed by musicologist James Wood from 2008 to 2011 and recorded by Wood's Vocalconsort Berlin in August 2011.

James Wood (musician)
James Wood (born 27 May 1953 in Barton-on-Sea, England) is a British conductor, composer of contemporary classical music and former percussionist.
Wood studied composition with Nadia Boulanger in Paris from 1971 to 1972 before going on to study music at Cambridge University, where he was organ scholar of Sidney Sussex College from 1972 until 1975. After graduating from Cambridge he went on to study percussion and conducting at the Royal Academy of Music, London, from 1975 until 1976. After a further year studying percussion privately with Nicholas Cole, Wood embarked on a triple career as percussionist, composer and conductor.
Cara Mia
"Cara Mia" is a popular song published in 1954 that became a UK number 1, and US number 10 hit and Gold record for English singer David Whitfield in 1954, and a number 4 hit for the American rock group Jay and the Americans in 1965. The title means "my beloved" in Italian.

David Whitfield
David Whitfield (2 February 1925 – 15 January 1980) was a popular British male tenor vocalist from Hull. In November 1953 he became the first British male artist to have a number one single in the UK with "Answer Me". He died from a brain haemorrhage in Sydney, Australia, while on tour at the age of 54.
KATCOM
Korean Augmentation Troops to Commonwealth Division (KATCOM) refers to significant numbers of South Korean soldiers who were attached to the 1st Commonwealth Division during the Korean War. South Korean troops were included within Commonwealth units as replacements simply to make up numbers during periods of troop rotation.

The KATCOM system, also known as Korean Attached Commonwealth Division or Korean Augmentation to Commonwealth Division, took effect from May 1952. Soldiers assigned as KATCOMs were given 16 weeks' standard basic training at the ROK Replacement Training Center with further specialist training on British and Canadian weaponry. On average, each British battalion received 94 South Korean soldiers, making a total of 1,000 South Koreans across the whole Commonwealth division. More broadly, KATCOM can also refer to South Korean troops serving in other United Nations contingents, notably the Belgian and Dutch contingents.

Regiment van Heutsz
The Regiment Van Heutsz is a line infantry regiment of the Royal Netherlands Army. The regiment was named after J.B. van Heutsz, a former Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies who successfully brought the Aceh War closer to an end, and was formed on July 1, 1950. It is notable for its service as part of the United Nations force sent to fight during the Korean War. It is still operational and has served tours as part of the ISAF Afghanistan mission.
TicBits
TicBits Ltd. is a mobile game development company based in Turku, Finland, founded in 2010 by cousins Fredrik and Niklas Wahrman. The company specializes in both original games, mainly for the iOS platform, as well as its own interpretations of classic games. In Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Finland 2013, TicBits was placed third in the Rising Stars 2013 list. In July, 2016 Ticbits was acquired by ASX-listed mobile game developer Animoca Brands for 5.4 million AUD.

Animoca Brands
Animoca Brands Corporation Ltd. is a Hong Kong–based game software company and venture capital company co-founded in 2014 by Yat Siu and David Kim. The company initially focused on developing mobile games, then shifted to blockchain gaming and NFTs in 2018.

Animoca Brands was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange from 23 January 2015 to 9 March 2020.
The Merry Widow (1952 film)
The Merry Widow is a 1952 American film adaptation of the 1905 operetta of the same name by Franz Lehár. It starred Lana Turner (whose singing voice was dubbed by Trudy Erwin) and Fernando Lamas.

The film received two Oscar nominations: for Best Art Direction - Set Decoration, Color (Cedric Gibbons, Paul Groesse, Edwin B. Willis, Arthur Krams) and Best Costume Design, Color. Paul Francis Webster provided revised lyrics for a greatly abridged score of the operetta conducted by Jay Blackton.

Cedric Gibbons
Austin Cedric Gibbons (March 23, 1890 – July 26, 1960) was an American art director for the film industry. He also made a significant contribution to motion picture theater architecture from the 1930s to 1950s. Gibbons designed the Oscar statuette in 1928, but tasked the sculpting to George Stanley, a Los Angeles artist. He was nominated 39 times for the Academy Award for Best Production Design and won the Oscar 11 times, both of which are records.
Krzesimowo
Krzesimowo [kʂɛɕiˈmɔvɔ] (German: Emmyhütten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sławoborze, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Sławoborze, 15 km (9 mi) north of Świdwin, and 92 km (57 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Sławoborze
Gmina Sławoborze is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Sławoborze, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Świdwin and 92 km (57 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 188.70 square kilometres (72.9 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 4,274.
Marjon Wijnsma
Marjon Wijnsma (born 18 July 1965 in Giekerk) is a retired Dutch heptathlete. She competed in the long jump as well. She is a four-times national champion in this discipline, whereas in the heptathlon she became Dutch champion only once.

Her personal best score was 6213 points, achieved in May 1988 in Eindhoven.

Tytsjerksteradiel
Tytsjerksteradiel (West Frisian pronunciation: [tiˈtsjɛrkstəraˌdiəl] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands. It is named after the town of Tytsjerk, whose name is derived from a person named Tiete. Tiete was a daughter of Tryn, after whom the region (Trynwâlden) is named. The other villages in Trynwâlden are also named after Tryn's children: Oentsjerk (Oene), Gytsjerk (Giete), Readtsjerk (Reade), Aldtsjerk (Âlde), Ryptsjerk (Rype). A statue of Tryn and her children is placed in Oentsjerk next to the mainroad (Rengerswei). Tsjerk is the West Frisian word for Church. Until 1989 the official name of the municipality was Tietjerksteradeel (pronounced [tiˈtɕɛr(ə)kstəraːˌdeːl] ⓘ), the Dutch name; the current official name is West Frisian.  The largest village in the municipality is Burgum.
Colin Stirling
Colin J. Stirling is a university executive and academic. He lives in Adelaide, South Australia, where he has held the position of vice-chancellor of Flinders University since 2015.

His academic background is in biology.

Flinders University
Flinders University, established as The Flinders University of South Australia, is an Australian public research university based in Adelaide, South Australia, with a footprint extending across a number of locations in South Australia and the Northern Territory. The main campus is in Bedford Park, about 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the Adelaide city centre. Other campuses include Tonsley, Adelaide central business district, Renmark, Alice Springs and Darwin.

Founded in 1966, it was named in honour of the British navigator Matthew Flinders who had explored and surveyed the Australian coastline in the early 19th century. In 2022, there were 25,247 students enrolled at the university.
Vicarious nucleophilic substitution
In organic chemistry, the vicarious nucleophilic substitution is a special type of nucleophilic aromatic substitution in which a nucleophile replaces a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring and not leaving groups such as halogen substituents which are ordinarily encountered in SNAr. This reaction type was reviewed in 1987 by Polish chemists Mieczysław Mąkosza and Jerzy Winiarski.

It is typically encountered with nitroarenes and especially with nucleophiles, resulting in alkylated arenes: the new substituent can take the ortho or para positions, reversing the selectivity for the meta position that is usually observed with such compounds under electrophilic substitution. Carbon nucleophiles carry an electron-withdrawing group and a leaving group: the nucleophile attacks the aromatic ring, and excess base can eliminate to form an exocyclic double bond which is successively protonated under acidic conditions, restoring aromaticity.

Mieczysław Mąkosza
Mieczysław Józef Mąkosza (16 November 1934 – 14 January 2026) was a Polish chemist who specialised in organic synthesis and investigation of organic mechanisms. Along with Jerzy Winiarski he is credited for the discovery of the aromatic vicarious nucleophilic substitution, VNS. He also contributed to the discovery of phase transfer catalysis reactions. From 1979 to 2005 he was director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mąkosza died on 14 January 2026, at the age of 91.
Bangham, Tennessee
Bangham is an unincorporated community in northern Putnam County, Tennessee, United States.  It is concentrated around the intersection of Hilham Road (Tennessee State Route 136) and Paran Road, north of Cookeville.

The Bangham Community Center, located along Hilham Road, was originally a school built by the Works Progress Administration in 1936.  The center is now home to the Hollis Moore Loftis Library, named for a popular teacher who once taught at the school.

Tennessee State Route 136
State Route 136 (SR 136) is a state highway in the central portion of the U.S. state of Tennessee.

It connects US 70S near Rock Island in Warren County with SR 52 in northern Overton County, traversing much of the northeastern Highland Rim.
Hoyle Historic Homestead
The Hoyle Historic Homestead, also known as Hoyle Family Homestead, Peter Hoyle House, and Pieter Hieyl Homeplace, is a mid- to late-18th century two-story house in Gaston County, North Carolina, with notable German-American construction features, the main block of which reflects two, and possibly three, phases, but the exact construction dates have not been determined. A major renovation, c. 1810, added a late Georgian and Federal finish, as well as front and rear shed porches. A brick well house and a frame smokehouse, both east of the house, date from the 19th century. Almost nine acres (36,000 m2), with several large walnut trees, surround the buildings.

Gaston County, North Carolina
Gaston County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 227,943. The county seat is Gastonia. Dallas served as the original county seat from 1846 until 1911.

Gaston County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,805,115 in 2023. The county is located in the southern Piedmont region.

Of North Carolina's 100 counties, Gaston County ranks 74th in size, consisting of approximately 364 square miles (940 km2), and is tenth in population. The county has fifteen incorporated towns. In addition to fifteen incorporated towns and cities, there are several unincorporated communities such as Hardin, Lucia, Crowders Mountain, Sunnyside, Alexis, Tryon, and North Belmont.
Václav Hanka
Václav Hanka (10 June 1791 – 12 January 1861) was a Czech philologist, poet and literary historian. Today he is known primarily as the probable counterfeiter of Dvůr Králové Manuscript, which he allegedly found. He contributed to the Czech National Revival.

Reims Gospel
Reims Gospel (French: Texte du Sacre which means "coronation text"; also referred to in some Czech sources as the Emmaus Evangelie or Remešský kodex) is an illuminated manuscript of Slavonic (Slavic) origin which became part of the Reims Cathedral treasury. Henry III of France and several of his successors including Louis XIV took their oath on it. In the time of Charles IV, who gave it to the just-founded Emmaus monastery in Prague, the text was believed to have been written by the hand of St. Procopius.
Geographical segregation
Geographical segregation exists whenever the proportions of population rates of two or more populations are not homogeneous throughout a defined space. Populations can be considered any plant or animal species, human genders, followers of a certain religion, people of different nationalities, ethnic groups, etc.

In social geography segregation of ethnic groups, social classes and genders is often measured by the calculation of indices such as the index of dissimilarity. Different dimensions of segregation (or its contrary) are recognized: exposure, evenness, clustering, concentration, centralization, etc. More recent studies also highlight new local indices of segregation.

Geographical segregation is most often measured with individuals' place of residence, but increasing geographical data availability makes it now possible to compute segregation indexes using individuals' activity space, in whole or in part.

Index of dissimilarity
The index of dissimilarity is a demographic measure of the evenness with which two groups are distributed across component geographic areas that make up a larger area. A group is evenly distributed when each geographic unit has the same percentage of group members as the total population. The index score can also be interpreted as the percentage of one of the two groups included in the calculation that would have to move to different geographic areas in order to produce a distribution that matches that of the larger area. The index of dissimilarity can be used as a measure of segregation. A score of zero (0%) reflects a fully integrated environment; a score of 1 (100%) reflects full segregation. In terms of black–white segregation, a score of .60 means that 60 percent of blacks would have to exchange places with whites in other units to achieve an even geographic distribution. Index of dissimilarity is invariant to relative size of group.
Wang Shifan
Wang Shifan (Chinese: 王師範) (874 – c. July 10, 908) was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who ruled Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Weifang, Shandong) from 889 to 905 (formally, as its military governor (Jiedushi) from 891 to 903). He was initially a vassal of the powerful military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), Zhu Quanzhong, but rose against Zhu in 903 in response to an edict issued by Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. (Whether the edict was actually the will of Emperor Zhaozong was unclear.) After he was defeated by Zhu, he resubmitted to Zhu. In 908, by which point Zhu had taken over the Tang throne and established a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu, in response to the plea by the wife of Emperor Taizu's nephew Zhu Youning (朱友寧), who was killed in Wang's resistance campaign, Emperor Taizu ordered that Wang and his entire family be executed.

Zhang Jun (Tang chancellor)
Zhang Jun (張濬) (died January 20, 904), courtesy name Yuchuan (禹川), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xizong and Emperor Xizong's younger brother and successor Emperor Zhaozong.  Early in Emperor Zhaozong's reign, Zhang was a major advocate for the imperial campaign to regain power from the regional warlords, but was removed after commanding a disastrous campaign against warlord Li Keyong and forced into retirement.  Late in Emperor Zhaozong's reign, with Emperor Zhaozong physically controlled by another warlord, Zhu Quanzhong, who had designs on taking over the throne as emperor (and eventually did, founding Later Liang), Zhu, while formerly an ally of Zhang's, was concerned that Zhang would encourage other warlords into a coordinated campaign against Zhu to stop his takeover, and so had his ally Zhang Quanyi slaughter Zhang Jun and his household.
Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement
The Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) is a preferential trade agreement between Australia and the United States modelled on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The AUSFTA was signed on 18 May 2004 and came into effect on 1 January 2005.

Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is a program of the Australian Government that subsidises prescription medication for Australian citizens and permanent residents, as well as international visitors covered by a reciprocal health care agreement. The PBS is separate to the Medicare Benefits Schedule, a list of health care services that can be claimed under Medicare, Australia's universal health care insurance scheme.

The out-of-pocket amount for some medications has increased since 1960, with increased subsidies for concession holders beginning in 1983. Safety nets were introduced in 2000 and expanded in 2004, limiting the total out-of-pocket expense singles or families would pay per year for health care in Australia.
Shy People
Shy People is a 1987 American drama film directed by Andrei Konchalovsky, from a script by Konchalovsky, Marjorie David and Gérard Brach. It stars Barbara Hershey, Jill Clayburgh, and Martha Plimpton, and features music by the German electronic music group Tangerine Dream. The film is about the culture clash that takes place between Diana, a Manhattan writer, her wayward teenage daughter Grace, and their long-distant relatives in the bayous of Louisiana.

It premiered at the 40th Cannes Film Festival on May 14, 1987, with Hershey winning the award for Best Actress. It received a limited release in the United States on March 11, 1988. It was one of the last film roles for actor Merritt Butrick, who died from AIDS in 1989. It was filmed by the bayous of South Louisiana.

Jill Clayburgh
Jill Clayburgh (April 30, 1944 – November 5, 2010) was an American actress known for her work in theater, television, and cinema. She received the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her breakthrough role in Paul Mazursky's comedy drama An Unmarried Woman (1978). She received a second consecutive Academy Award nomination for Starting Over (1979) as well as four Golden Globe nominations for her film performances, and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for her television work.