hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Directed information
Directed information is an information theory measure that quantifies the information flow from the random string   to the random string . The term directed information was coined by James Massey and is defined as

where  is the conditional mutual information .

Directed information has applications to problems where causality plays an important role such as the capacity of channels with feedback, capacity of discrete memoryless networks, capacity of networks with in-block memory, gambling with causal side information, compression with causal side information, real-time control communication settings, and statistical physics.

Blahut–Arimoto algorithm
The term Blahut–Arimoto algorithm is often used to refer to a class of algorithms for computing numerically either the information theoretic capacity of a channel, the rate-distortion function of a source or a source encoding (i.e. compression to remove the redundancy). They are iterative algorithms that eventually converge to one of the maxima of the optimization problem that is associated with these information theoretic concepts.
Castlevania: The Adventure ReBirth
Castlevania: The Adventure ReBirth is a 2009 platform game developed by M2 and released by Konami for the Wii as a WiiWare title. It is a remake of the 1989 Game Boy title Castlevania: The Adventure and is the third game in M2's ReBirth series, following Gradius ReBirth and Contra ReBirth. The setting of the game is a century before the original Castlevania title, where the player controls an ancestor of Simon Belmont named Christopher Belmont, who must defeat the vampire Dracula.

M2 (game developer)
M2 Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 有限会社Ｍ２（エムツー）, Hepburn: Yūgengaisha emutsū) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher, best known for handling emulation of re-released games, such as some Sega Ages titles, Virtual Console titles for Nintendo systems, the 3D Classics series for the Nintendo 3DS and their ShotTriggers  range of classic STG games.
M2 has also created entirely new titles such as WiiWare games for Konami under the ReBirth moniker and more recently a new GG Aleste game. In addition, M2 currently holds the rights of Aleste series (except M.U.S.H.A., whose publishing rights are owned by Sega), all of SPS game plus software and all NEC Avenue and NEC Interchannel games on TurboGrafx-16 and variants, previously owned by Lightweight.
Paksiw
Paksiw (Tagalog: [pɐk.ˈsɪʊ̯]) is a Filipino style of cooking, whose name  means "to cook and simmer in vinegar". Common dishes bearing the term, however, can vary substantially depending on what is being cooked.

Pinangat na isda may sometimes also be referred to as paksiw, though it is a different but related dish that uses sour fruits like calamansi, kamias (bilimbi) or sampalok (tamarind) to sour the broth rather than vinegar.

Averrhoa bilimbi
Averrhoa bilimbi (commonly known as bilimbi, cucumber tree, or tree sorrel) is a fruit-bearing tree of the genus Averrhoa, family Oxalidaceae. It is native to the Maluku Islands and Sulawesi in Indonesia, and has become naturalised and is common throughout Southeast Asia. It is cultivated in parts of tropical South Asia and the Americas. It bears edible but extremely sour fruit. It is a close relative of the carambola tree.
Richard Miller (engineer)
Richard Keith Miller is an American engineer who was the founding president of Olin College since 1999. He stepped down from his role as president on June 30, 2020. His successor will be Gilda Barabino, dean of Grove School of Engineering. Previously, Miller was dean of the College of Engineering and a professor at the University of Iowa.
Miller received a B.S. in aerospace engineering in 1971 from the University of California, Davis and an M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1972. In 1976, he received a Ph.D. in applied mechanics from the California Institute of Technology.

In 2012, Miller was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for establishing a new paradigm for undergraduate engineering education and establishment of Olin College.

Olin College
Olin College of Engineering, officially Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, is a private college focused on engineering and located in Needham, Massachusetts, United States. Its endowment had been funded primarily by the defunct F. W. Olin Foundation. The college covers half of each admitted student's tuition through the Olin Scholarship.
Kolbe nitrile synthesis
The Kolbe nitrile synthesis, named for Hermann Kolbe, is a method for the preparation of alkyl nitriles by reaction of the corresponding alkyl halide with a metal cyanide. A side product for this reaction is the formation of an isonitrile because the cyanide ion is an ambident nucleophile.  The ratio of product isomers depends on the solvent and the reaction mechanism, and can be roughly predicted by Kornblum's rule.  Conditions conducive to free cyanide ions (alkali counterion, polar aprotic solvents) tend to give nitriles, whereas cyanometalate and hydrogen cyanide intermediates generally react to form isonitriles.

The reaction occurs particularly well in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, as DMSO enables harsher conditions for cyanidation of sterically hindered electrophiles (secondary and neopentyl halides) without rearrangement side-reactions.

Nitrile
In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group. The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the −C≡N, suffixed with "nitrile", so for example CH3CH2C≡N is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). The prefix cyano- is used interchangeably with the term nitrile in industrial literature. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds, including methyl cyanoacrylate, used in super glue, and nitrile rubber, a nitrile-containing polymer used in latex-free laboratory and medical gloves. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Organic compounds containing multiple nitrile groups are known as cyanocarbons.

Inorganic compounds containing the −C≡N group are not called nitriles, but cyanides instead. Though both nitriles and cyanides can be derived from cyanide salts, most nitriles are not nearly as toxic.
Do You Dreams Come True?
Do You Dreams Come True? is Dreams Come True's fifteenth studio album. It was released on March 21, 2009, which coincides with the release of their debut single in 1989. It was released in three formats: Regular edition (CD only), limited edition A (2CDs) and limited edition B (CD+DVD). The album reached the top spot on the weekly albums chart despite having been on sale for only four days, giving them their twelfth number-one album and setting the record for most number-one albums by a female vocal group; putting them ahead of the late Zard and Every Little Thing. On its third week the album rose back to number one, their first album in fourteen years to do so.

The album was certified Triple Platinum Archived 2009-04-17 at the Wayback Machine for shipment of 750,000 copies. It is also the first DCT album to be released under Nayutawave Records, a sub-label of Universal Music Japan.

Dreams Come True (band)
Dreams Come True (Japanese: ドリームズ・カム・トゥルー, Hepburn: Dorīmuzu Kamu Turū) is a Japanese pop band formed in 1988 by Miwa Yoshida (lead vocals), Masato Nakamura (bass) and Takahiro Nishikawa (keyboards). Nishikawa left in 2002 to pursue a solo career.

Dreams Come True has sold more than 50 million records worldwide. Their fifth album, The Swinging Star (1992), was the first Japanese album to sell more than three million copies, and for several years was the highest-selling Japanese-language album of all time. Nakamura composed the music for the Sega Mega Drive games Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) and Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992).  In 1998, Dreams Come True released the English-language album Sing or Die, which was a commercial failure in the west.
Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas
The Simple Words of Catechism (Lithuanian: Katekizmo paprasti žodžiai) by Martynas Mažvydas is the first printed book in the Lithuanian language. It was printed on 8 January 1547 by Hans Weinreich in Königsberg. The 79-page book followed the teachings of Martin Luther, but reflects both religious and secular needs. The book included the first Lithuanian-language poem, primer with alphabet, basic catechism, and 11 religious hymns with sheet music. The book was written in the Samogitian dialect and printed in Gothic (schwabacher) font; the Latin dedication and preface are printed in Latin font (antiqua).

Samogitian language
Samogitian (endonym: žemaitiu kalba or sometimes žemaitiu rokunda, žemaitiu šnekta or žemaitiu ruoda; Lithuanian: žemaičių tarmė, žemaičių kalba) is an Eastern Baltic language spoken primarily in Samogitia, that is often considered a dialect of Lithuanian.

It has preserved many features of the extinct Curonian language, such as specific phonological traits and vocabulary. Samogitian differs significantly from standard Lithuanian in phonetics, morphology, syntax, and lexis, with unique archaic features not found in other Lithuanian dialects. This difference often causes speakers of Aukštaitian dialects to not be able to understand speakers of Samogitian. The use of Samogitian is currently in decline, with limited presence in media and education. Efforts are being made to preserve the language, including local initiatives and cultural societies.
2025 Moselle Open
The 2025 Moselle Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It was the 22nd and last edition of the event, and part of the ATP 250 tournaments on the 2025 ATP Tour. It took place at the Arènes de Metz from 2 to 8 November 2025.

Moez Echargui
Moez Echargui (born 10 January 1993) is a Tunisian tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 134 achieved in 29 December 2025 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 362 achieved on 27 May 2019. He is currently the No. 1 African and No. 1 Tunisian player.

Echargui represents Tunisia at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 6–7.
An Ideal Husband (1947 Argentine film)
An Ideal Husband (Spanish: Un marido ideal) is a 1947 Argentine comedy film directed by Luis Bayón Herrera and starring Santiago Gómez Cou, Alicia Barrié and Golde Flami. It is an adaptation of the play An Ideal Husband by Oscar Wilde. The film's sets were designed by the art director Juan Manuel Concado.

An Ideal Husband
An Ideal Husband is a four-act play by Oscar Wilde that revolves around blackmail and political corruption, and touches on the themes of public and private honour. It was first produced at the Haymarket Theatre, London in 1895 and ran for 124 performances. It has been revived in many theatre productions and adapted for the cinema, radio and television.
Béla Horovitz
Béla Horovitz (8 April 1898 – 8 March 1955) was a Hungarian-born British publisher, and the co-founder in 1923, with Ludwig Goldscheider, of Phaidon Press.

Bela Horovitz was born in Budapest. He was the co-founder in Vienna in 1923, with Ludwig Goldscheider and Frederick "Fritz" Ungar, of the publishing house Phaidon Verlag. In 1938, following the rise of the Nazis, Horovitz and his wife, Lotte, and their children moved to London. Phaidon Verlag was re-established there as Phaidon Press.

Their youngest child was the classical music promoter Hannah Horovitz. Their son Joseph Horovitz was a composer and conductor.

In 1949, their daughter Elly married Harvey Miller, who joined Phaidon Press, and after Horovitz's death in 1955, succeeded him as its director.

Joseph Horovitz
Joseph Horovitz (26 May 1926 – 9 February 2022) was an Austrian-born British composer and conductor best known for his 1970 pop cantata Captain Noah and his Floating Zoo, which achieved widespread popularity in schools. Horovitz also composed music for television, including the theme music for the Thames Television series Rumpole of the Bailey, and was a prolific composer of ballet, orchestral (including nine concertos), brass band, wind band and chamber music. He considered his fifth string quartet (1969) to be his best work.
Altun Kupri
Altun Kupri (Arabic: التون كوبري, Turkish: Altınköprü, lit. 'Golden Bridge', Kurdish: پردێ, romanized: Pirdê or Prde) is a town in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. Its inhabitants are predominantly Turkmen, with a minority of Kurds and Arabs. It is located on the banks of the Little Zab and lies along the Erbil–Kirkuk road. The town is described as having an 'intrinsic strategic significance' and is disputed.

Little Zab
The Little Zab or Lower Zab (Arabic: الزاب الاسفل, al-Zāb al-Asfal; Kurdish: Zêy Koya or Zêyê Biçûk; Persian: زاب کوچک, Zâb-e Kuchak; Syriac: ܙܒܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ, Zāba Taḥtāya) is a river that originates in Iran and joins the Tigris just south of Al Zab in Iraq. The Little Zab is approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) long and drains an area of about 22,000 square kilometres (8,500 sq mi). The river is fed by rainfall and snowmelt, resulting in a peak discharge in the spring and low water in the summer and early fall. Two dams built on the Little Zab regulate the river flow, providing water for irrigation and generating hydroelectricity.

The Zagros Mountains have been populated since at least the Lower Palaeolithic, but the earliest archaeological site in the Little Zab basin, Barda Balka, dates to the Middle Palaeolithic. Human occupation of the Little Zab basin has been attested for every period since then.
Duraj, Poland
Duraj [ˈdurai̯] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Parzęczew, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Parzęczew, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Zgierz, and 19 km (12 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Gmina Parzęczew
Gmina Parzęczew is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Parzęczew, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Zgierz and 26 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 103.82 square kilometres (40.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,222.
John Thomson (baseball)
John Carl Thomson (born October 1, 1973) is an American former starting pitcher who last played for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball. He is a 1991 graduate of Sulphur High School in Sulphur, Louisiana. He went undrafted out of high school and pitched for McNeese State University (Lake Charles, Louisiana) in 1992 and Blinn Junior College (Brenham, Texas) in 1993. The Colorado Rockies selected him in the seventh round of the June 1993 amateur draft and he made his major league debut for the Rockies on May 11, 1997.
2007 is his eleventh major league season. In addition to the Rockies, he has played for the New York Mets, Texas Rangers, Atlanta Braves and Kansas City Royals and also pitched in the Toronto Blue Jays organization from April through June 2007. He currently resides in his hometown of Sulphur, LA.

McNeese State University
McNeese State University is a public university in Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States. Founded in 1939 as Lake Charles Junior College, it was renamed McNeese Junior College after John McNeese, an early local educator. The present name was adopted in 1970. McNeese is part of the University of Louisiana System and is classified as a Master's University. The university consists of six colleges and the Doré School of Graduate Studies. McNeese is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Choses Sauvages
Choses Sauvages is a Canadian dance-punk group from Montreal, Quebec. They are most noted for their 2025 album Choses Sauvages III, which was longlisted for the 2025 Polaris Music Prize.

The band consists of Félix Bélisle on vocals, bass and keyboards, Marc-Antoine Barbier on vocals, guitars and keyboards, Tommy Bélisle on vocalists and keyboards, Thierry Malépart on vocals, guitars and keyboards, and Philippe Gauthier Boudreau on vocals, drums and percussion.

They released the self-titled album Choses Sauvages in 2017. Choses Sauvages II followed in 2021, and Choses Sauvages III was released in 2025.

In 2019, they received a SOCAN Songwriting Prize nomination for the song "La valse des trottoirs", and a Félix Award nomination for Alternative Album of the Year at the 41st Félix Awards. In 2024, they received a Félix Award nomination for Video of the Year at the 46th Félix Awards, for "Pression".

Félix Bélisle is also a member of the side project La Sécurité.

2025 Polaris Music Prize
The 2025 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 16, 2025 at Massey Hall.

The prize for the winning album was reduced to $30,000, rather than the $50,000 awarded to recent winners, but was supplemented with a new $10,000 SOCAN Polaris Song Prize to honour individual songs. This new award replaces the SOCAN Songwriting Prize, which has been dormant since 2023.

The prize committee also launched the Polaris Festival, a series of concerts highlighting past and present Polaris nominees in a variety of locations across Canada. At the ceremony, they additionally announced a new platform to improve opportunities for emerging musicians to submit their music for Polaris consideration.

The album prize was won by Yves Jarvis for All Cylinders, with the song prize won by Mustafa for "Gaza Is Calling".
Sweet Memories (film)
Sweet Memories (also known as Sweet Memories of Yesterday and Sweetheart Days) is a 1911 American silent short romantic drama film, written and directed by Thomas H. Ince, released by the Independent Moving Pictures Company on March 27, 1911.

Independent Moving Pictures
The Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP) was a motion picture studio and production company founded in 1909 by Carl Laemmle. The company was based in New York City, with production facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey. In 1912, IMP merged with several other production companies to form  Universal Film Manufacturing Company, later renamed Universal Pictures Company with Laemmle as president.
Wachusett Mountain (ski area)
Wachusett Mountain is an alpine ski area in the northeastern United States, located on Mount Wachusett, in the towns of Princeton and Westminster, Worcester County, Massachusetts. The mountain has 25 trails served by eight lifts, including three high-speed chairlifts and four magic-carpet lifts, and a triple chairlift.

There is a bus shuttle service to and from nearby Wachusett station.

Wachusett Mountain has 100% snow-making capacity, and also has night skiing on most of its trails. The mountain is located in the central part of Massachusetts, with the closest major city being Worcester.

Wachusett station
Wachusett station is a commuter rail station on the MBTA Commuter Rail Fitchburg Line. It is northwest of the intersection of Massachusetts Route 2 and Route 31 in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. It serves as the northwestern terminus for Fitchburg Line trains. The opening of Wachusett extended service 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west from Fitchburg on the Pan Am Southern main line, lengthening the Fitchburg Line to 54 miles (87 km). The station was expected to draw 400 daily riders; by 2018, daily ridership was 132.

After years of planning and discussion, work on the station began with site preparation in December 2012. Construction began in mid-2013. The station opened for limited weekday service on September 30, 2016, to satisfy the terms of the federal grant that funded it; full service began on November 21, 2016. At 54 miles (87 km) from North Station, Wachusett was the furthest MBTA Commuter Rail station in Massachusetts until the South Coast Rail project opened in 2025.
Anshul Jubli
Anshul Jubli (born 13 January 1995) is an Indian professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Jubli became the second Indian citizen to get a UFC contract, after Bharat Khandare.

Jeka Saragih
Jeka Saragih (born (1995-01-01)1 January 1995) is an Indonesian mixed martial artist who competes in the Featherweight division. He previously fought in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), being the first Indonesian to sign with the promotion.
Tudor Vladimirescu metro station
Tudor Vladimirescu is a station on line M5 of Bucharest Metro. Named after the Romanian revolutionary Tudor Vladimirescu, it is located between Favorit and Parc Drumul Taberei. The station was opened on 15 September 2020 as part of the inaugural section of M5, from Eroilor to Valea Ialomiței and Râul Doamnei.

Tudor Vladimirescu
Tudor Vladimirescu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtudor vladimiˈresku]; c. 1780 – 7 June [O.S. 27 May] 1821) was a Romanian revolutionary hero, the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and of the Pandur militia. He is also known as Tudor din Vladimiri (Tudor from Vladimiri) or, occasionally, as Domnul Tudor (Voivode Tudor).
Wiktor Zborowski
Wiktor Zborowski (born 10 January 1951 in Warsaw) is a Polish actor and singer. He is the nephew of actor Jan Kobuszewski. In 1973 he completed The Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw. He appeared in the comedy television series Bao-Bab, czyli zielono mi in 2003. He is also known for taking on the role of Longinus Podbipięta in the 1999 historical epic With Fire and Sword.

With Fire and Sword (film)
With Fire and Sword (Polish: Ogniem i Mieczem; Ukrainian: «Вогнем і Мечем», romanized: Vohnem i Mechem) is a 1999 Polish historical drama film directed by Jerzy Hoffman. The film is based on the novel With Fire and Sword, the first part in The Trilogy of Henryk Sienkiewicz. At the time of its filming it was the most expensive Polish film ever made.
Khulna University
Khulna University (Bengali: খুলনা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) is a public research university at Gollamari in Khulna, Bangladesh. It was established in 1991.
The university campus is near the river Moyur, on the Sher E Bangla Road (Khulna-Satkhira highway).

The academic programs of Khulna University started on 31 August 1991 with 80 students in four disciplines. As of  2023, the university has 29 disciplines under eight schools.

Khulna Division
Khulna Division (Bengali: খুলনা বিভাগ) is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 22,285 km2 (8,604 sq mi) and a population of 17,416,645 at the 2022 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna District.
Peter Shire
Peter Shire (born 1947) is a Los Angeles–based artist.  Shire was born in the Echo Park district of Los Angeles, where he currently lives and works. His sculpture, furniture and ceramics have been exhibited in the United States, Italy, France, Japan and Poland. His work includes a sculpture in Elysian Park to honor the work done by Grace Simons and Peter Glass which kept the park open as green space.

Shire has been associated with the Memphis Group of designers, has worked on the Design Team for the 1984 Summer Olympics with the American Institute of Architects, and has designed public sculptures in Los Angeles and other California cities. Shire has been honored by awards for his contribution to the cultural life of the City of Los Angeles.

In 2019, Shire's work was showcased at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Tucson, Arizona.

Elysian Park
Elysian Park is one of the largest parks in Los Angeles, California, United States, at 600 acres (240 ha). Most of Elysian Park is located in the neighborhood of the same name, but a small portion of the park is in Echo Park.

The park was created by city ordinance on April 5, 1886. City engineer George Hansen sponsored the ordinance. The land was considered "worthless" at the time and only a few other parks existed within the Los Angeles city limits. For some time the land sat unimproved, but eventually roads, trails, and landscaping was added.

Parts of Elysian Park were swapped for other lands held by the Los Angeles Dodgers when Dodger Stadium was built.