hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moray Estate
The Moray Estate, also known as the Moray Feu, is an early 19th century building venture attaching the west side of the New Town, Edinburgh. Built on an awkward and steeply sloping site, it has been described as a masterpiece of urban planning.

James Buchanan (1785–1857)
James Buchanan (1785–1857) was a Scottish businessman and philanthropist who established the Buchanan Institute in Glasgow. He was a partner in Dennistoun, Buchanan & Co. of 36 Candleriggs. His endowment creation of the Buchanan Ewing Bequest still funds the education of Scottish youth.
Kickback (finance)
A kickback is a payment that partially offsets a larger payment in another direction. The term often connotes a secret or illegal payment, such as a form of negotiated bribery in which a commission is secretly paid to the person who arranges a deal. Generally speaking, the remuneration (money, goods, or services handed over) for a kickback is negotiated ahead of time.  The kickback varies from other kinds of bribes in that there is implied collusion between agents of the two parties, rather than one party extorting the bribe from the other. The purpose of the kickback is usually to encourage the other party to cooperate in the scheme.

The term "kickback" comes from colloquial English language, and describes the way a recipient of illegal gain "kicks back" a portion of it to another person for that person's assistance in obtaining it.

Collusion
Collusion is a deceitful agreement or secret cooperation between two or more parties to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading or defrauding others of their legal right. Collusion is not always considered illegal. It can be used to attain objectives forbidden by law; for example, by defrauding or gaining an unfair market advantage. It is an agreement among firms or individuals to divide a market, set prices, limit production or limit opportunities.
It can involve "price or wage fixing, kickbacks, or misrepresenting the independence of the relationship between the colluding parties". In legal terms, all acts effected by collusion are considered void.
The Science in Science Fiction
The Science in Science Fiction is a book by David Langford, Peter Nicholls and Brian Stableford published in 1982. The book is divided into twelve chapters. The first eleven chapters each examine science fiction works about a particular topic, such as Space Flight, Aliens or Time Travel, and discuss how accurate the works are to real science; the final chapter of the book covers notable instances "where science fiction gets it wrong".

Brian Stableford
Brian Michael Stableford (25 July 1948 – 24 February 2024) was a British academic, critic and science fiction writer who published a hundred novels and more than a hundred volumes of translations. His earlier books were published under the name Brian M. Stableford, but later ones dropped the middle initial and appeared under the name Brian Stableford. He also used the pseudonym Brian Craig for some of his very early and late works. The pseudonym derives from the first names of himself and of a school friend from the 1960s, Craig A. Mackintosh, with whom he jointly published some very early work.
Arauz Formation
The Arauz Formation is an Emsian fossiliferous stratigraphic unit in Spain. It is a member of the Abadia Group. It is situated in the Province of Palencia, North Spain. It is in the north of Natural Park of Fuentes Carrionas and Fuente Cobre-Montaña Palentina where the Rio Arauz lies. It is from the Devonian of Spain.

Province of Palencia
Palencia is a province of northern Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. It is bordered by the provinces of León, Cantabria, Burgos, and Valladolid.
Castle Hill Lunatic Asylum
Castle Hill Lunatic Asylum was Australia's first official institution which provided care for the mentally ill. It was located approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of Parramatta in New South Wales. Established by Lachlan Macquarie in May 1811, it operated until 1826. It was housed in a two-storey stone building, previously a granary, which also served as a barracks at one time.

George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler, was superintendent of the lunatic asylum from August 1814 to February 1819, when he was dismissed on charges of using lunatic labour on his farm.

Former naval surgeon William Bland – a convicted murderer – was a physician at the asylum from 1814 until he received a pardon in 1815.

George Suttor
George Suttor (11 June 1774 – 5 May 1858) was an Anglo-Scottish farmer and pioneer settler of Australia, who is notable as the founder of a significant Australian family, and also as a supporter of Captain Bligh following the 1808 Rebellion at Sydney, New South Wales.
Johari Abdul
Johari bin Abdul (Jawi: جوهري بن عبد; born May 1955) is a Malaysian politician who is the 11th Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament. Previously, he served as the State Leader of the Opposition of Kedah beginning in October 2022 and was a Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Gurun from May 2018 until his resignation in December 2022, upon which he became Speaker. He was also the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sungai Petani from March 2008 and held the role of Chairman of the Pakatan Harapan Backbenchers Club (PHBBC) from August 2018 to November 2022. Johari is a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. He is also the father of Minister of Youth and Sports and Sungai Petani MP Mohammed Taufiq Johari.

Administrative and Diplomatic Officer
In Malaysia, the Administrative and Diplomatic officers (Malay: Pegawai Tadbir dan Diplomatik or PTD) are civil servants from the Management and Professional groups who hold a university degree and receive training at the National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN). The PTD's (INTAN graduates) usually become frontline workers in Malaysia, such as district officers, embassy officers, ambassadors and so on. They are tasked with formulating and implementing national policies across various ministries and agencies in Malaysia. Graduates who hold at least a bachelor's degree, must obtain a Postgraduate Diploma in Public Management (Malay: Diploma Pascasiswazah Pengurusan Awam or DPA) from INTAN before becoming an officer.
Escalator over the Hill
Escalator over the Hill (or EOTH) is mostly referred to as a jazz opera, but it was released as a "chronotransduction", with "words by Paul Haines, adaptation and music by Carla Bley, production and coordination by Michael Mantler", performed by the Jazz Composer's Orchestra.

Karen Mantler
Karen Mantler (born 25 April 1966, in New York City, New York, United States) is an American jazz pianist, singer, and composer. She is the daughter of musician-composers Carla Bley and Michael Mantler.
Yuki Matsushita (actress)
Yuki Matsushita (松下 由樹, Matsushita Yuki; born 9 July 1968) is a Japanese actress. Her real name is Yukie Matsushita (松下 幸枝, Matsushita Yukie).

Matsushita was born in Nayoro, Hokkaido and grew up in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture. She is represented by Amuse, Inc. and later her personal office Jesus Collect Incorporated.

Nayoro
Nayoro (名寄市, Nayoro-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [na(ꜜ).jo.ɾo, na.jo.ɾoꜜ.ɕi], Ainu: Nay Oro lit. 'in the middle of the valley') is a city in Kamikawa Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of 31 January 2025, the city had an estimated population of 24,702, and a population density of 46 people per km2. The total area of the city is 534.861 km2 (206.511 sq mi).
Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires
Ciudad Universitaria ("University City") is an urban campus of the University of Buenos Aires, the largest and most prestigious university in Argentina. Originally designed as a potential centralized campus for all of the university's facilities, nowadays it only houses two of its thirteen faculties: the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism and the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, as well as a number of dependent institutes and a sports center.

It is located in the Belgrano district of Buenos Aires, on the far-northern side of the city. The complex sits on the banks of the Río de la Plata and boasts one of the city's largest green areas, as parts of it are presently an ecological reserve.

Parque de la Memoria
The Parque de la Memoria (English: Remembrance Park) is a public space situated in front of the Río de la Plata estuary in the northern end of the Belgrano section of Buenos Aires. It is a memorial to the victims of the 1976–1983 military regime, known as the National Reorganization Process, during the Dirty War, a period of unprecedented state-sponsored violence in Argentina.
Dahshur
Dahshur (in English often called Dashur; Arabic: دهشور Dahšūr  pronounced [dɑhˈʃuːɾ]) is an ancient Egyptian pyramid complex and necropolis and shares the name of the nearby village of Manshiyyat Dahshur (Arabic: منشأة دهشور) in markaz Badrashin, Giza.

Dahshur is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is located on the Western Desert plateau at the edge of the cultivated plain, and along with the pyramid complexes at Saqqara, Abusir, and Giza,  to its north, forms the pyramid fields of the ancient capital city of Memphis. It is known chiefly for several pyramids, mainly Sneferu's Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, which are among the oldest, largest and best preserved in Egypt, built from 2613 to 2589 BC.

Necropolis
A necropolis (pl.: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis (lit. 'city of the dead').

The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distance from a city, as opposed to tombs within cities, which were common in various places and periods of history. They are different from grave fields, which did not have structures or markers above the ground. While the word is most commonly used for ancient sites, the name was revived in the early 19th century and applied to planned city cemeteries, such as the Glasgow Necropolis.
Shadow Mountain Lake
Shadow Mountain Lake is a reservoir in Grand County, Colorado, near the headwaters of the Colorado River. Shadow Mountain Lake is created by Shadow Mountain Dam. The lake forms a continuous body of water with Grand Lake, the largest natural lake in Colorado; they are separated by gates.

Shadow Mountain Lake is part of Arapaho National Recreation Area.

The creation of Shadow Mountain Lake was authorized by the Colorado-Big Thompson bill, passed in 1937, which also created the Colorado-Big Thompson Project. Water from the Grand Lake-Shadow Mountain Lake body is diverted through the Alva B. Adams tunnel, at the eastern edge of Grand Lake, into the Big Thompson River on the east side of the Continental Divide. Storage began in 1947.

Colorado–Big Thompson Project
The Colorado–Big Thompson Project (abbreviated C-BT) is a federal water diversion project in Colorado designed to collect West Slope mountain water from the headwaters of the Colorado River and divert it to Colorado's Front Range and plains. In Colorado, approximately 80% of the state's precipitation falls on the West Slope, in the Rocky Mountains, while around 80% of the state's growing population lives along the eastern slope, between the cities of Fort Collins and Pueblo.

Eleven reservoirs, about 18 dams and dikes, the Alva B. Adams Tunnel under the Continental Divide, as well as six power plants, make up the project. The C-BT is owned and primarily managed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Eastern Colorado Area Office under its Great Plains Region.
Köpetdag Nature Reserve
Köpetdag Nature Reserve is a nature reserve (zapovednik) of Turkmenistan.

Established in 1976 for the protection of indigenous flora and fauna ( juniper, wild fruit trees, reptiles, birds, and mammals) it is located in the central part of the Kopetdag Range in Ahal Province, covering an area of 497 km2 (192 mi2). The reserve consists of four separate areas located at different altitudes, from 700 to 2800 meters.

It also incorporates two sanctuaries and two natural monuments:

Mäne-Çäçe Sanctuary - established in 1976.

Guryhowdan Sanctuary - established in 1976.

Garaýalçy Natural Monument.

Çarlyk Natural Monument.

Mäne-Çäçe Sanctuary
Mäne-Çäçe Sanctuary is a sanctuary (zakaznik) of Turkmenistan.

It is part of Köpetdag Nature Reserve. Its purpose of creation is studying, preservation of all natural complex of the Central Köpetdag, maintenance of necessary conditions of dwelling and rest for migrant birds, restoration of specific structure of rare and valuable kinds of animals, in particular the Turkmenian kulans.
Richard Davies (academic)
Richard Davies is a British geologist, academic and the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Plymouth.

As of 2024, he has published over 100 academic papers, and is an expert on fracking, geology and environmental sciences.

University of Plymouth
The University of Plymouth is a public research university based predominantly in Plymouth, England, where the main campus is located, but the university has campuses and affiliated colleges across South West England. With 18,410 students, it is the 57th largest in the United Kingdom by total number of students (including the Open University).
Organoyttrium chemistry
Organoyttrium chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon-yttrium bonds.  These compounds are almost invariably formal Y3+ derivatives, are generally diamagnetic and colorless, a consequence of the closed-shell configuration of the trication. Organoyttrium compounds are mainly of academic interest.

Organoyttrium compounds are often prepared by alkylation of YCl3.

Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element; it has symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a rare-earth element. Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. 89Y is the only stable isotope and the only isotope found in the Earth's crust.

The most important present-day use of yttrium is as a component of phosphors, especially those used in LEDs. Historically, it was once widely used in the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties.

Yttrium has no known biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans.
Mast (musician)
Tim Conley (born January 10, 1978), better known by his stage name Mast (stylized as MAST), is a jazz artist, composer, producer and electronic musician. He resides in Los Angeles and is currently signed with Alpha Pup Records, an independent label co-founded by Daddy Kev of Low End Theory.

Icy Demons
Icy Demons is an experimental music project started by Bablicon's Griffin Rodriguez (credited as Blue Hawaii) and Man Man / Need New Body's Christopher Powell (Pow Pow).  A project of various Chicago musicians, they have released three albums, Fight Back! on the Elephant 6-associated label Cloud Recordings, Tears of a Clone on Eastern Developments Music, and Miami Ice on the label started by Rodriguez and Powell called Obey Your Brain.
Amakusa Airlines
Amakusa Airlines is a Japanese regional airline based in Amakusa, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It operates regional services from and to Amakusa. Its main hub is Amakusa Airfield, with a focus city in Kumamoto Airport.

Amakusa, Kumamoto
Amakusa (天草市, Amakusa-shi) is a city located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 August 2024, the city had an estimated population of 72,243 in 36029 households, and a population density of 110 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 683.82 km2 (264.02 sq mi).
Collinsovermis
Collinsovermis is a genus of extinct panarthropod belonging to the group Lobopodia and known from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada. It is monotypic having only one species, Collinsovermis monstruosus. After its initial discovery in 1983, Desmond H. Collins popularised it as a unique animal and was subsequently dubbed "Collins' monster" for its unusual super armoured body. The formal scientific description and name were given in 2020. A similar lobopodian is known from the Emu Bay Shale, however it remains unnamed.

Emu Bay Shale
The Emu Bay Shale is a geological formation in Emu Bay, South Australia, containing a major Konservat-Lagerstätte (fossil beds with soft tissue preservation). It is one of two in the world containing Redlichiidan trilobites. The Emu Bay Shale is dated as Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4, correlated with the upper Botomian Stage of the Lower Cambrian.

Its mode of preservation is the similar to the Burgess Shale, but the larger grain size of the Emu Bay rock means that the quality of preservation is lower. More than 50 species of trilobites, non-biomineralized arthropods (including megacheirans, nektaspids, and hymenocarines), radiodonts, palaeoscolecids, a lobopodian, a polychaete, vetulicolians, nectocaridids, hyoliths, brachiopods, sponges, chancelloriids, several problematica and a chelicerate are known from the Emu Bay Shale.
Torre del Tostón
Defense tower “Torre del Tostón” (or "Castillo de El Cotillo") is located in the coastal town of el Cotillo, which forms part of the municipality of la Oliva, Fuerteventura, Spain. This defense tower was recognized as historic-artistic monument in 1949. Nowadays, famous local artists use Torre del Tostón as exhibition room, and it's one of the island's main tourist destinations, including as viewpoint.

El Cotillo
El Cotillo is a coastal town in the municipality of la Oliva, located in the northern part of the island of Fuerteventura in the Province of Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. It has a population of 1.680 residents (2022).
Triin Ojaste
Triin Ojaste (born 14 March 1990) is an Estonian cross-country skier who has competed since 2007. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, she finished 16th in the team sprint and 37th in the individual sprint event. She also represented Estonia at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Ojaste finished 16th in the 4 × 5 km relay and 37th in the individual sprint event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec. Her best World Cup finish was 15th in a team sprint event at Germany in 2009 while her best individual finish was 23rd in an individual sprint event at Germany in 2009.

Her father and trainer is  biathlete Kalju Ojaste.

Kalju Ojaste
Kalju Ojaste (born 8 December 1961) is an Estonian biathlete. He competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics, the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics.

His daughter is cross-country skier Triin Ojaste.
The Best of Sugar Ray
The Best of Sugar Ray is a 2005 Sugar Ray greatest hits album, released by Atlantic Records, consisting of 12 previous hits and 3 new recordings. Tracks 1, 9, and 14 are new tracks. Tracks 7 and 10 are from Lemonade and Brownies, Tracks 3 and 12 are from Floored, Tracks 4, 6 and 8 are from 14:59, Tracks 2, 5, and 11 are from Sugar Ray, and Tracks 13 and 15 are from In the Pursuit of Leisure. The 3 new songs are: "Shot of Laughter", a cover of Cyndi Lauper's "Time After Time", and a song written by a teenage Howard Stern, "Psychedelic Bee". "Mr. Bartender" is the only hit single absent from the album.

Sugar Ray
Sugar Ray is an American rock band formed in Newport Beach, California, in 1992. Originally playing heavier nu metal and funk metal style music, the band achieved mainstream popularity in 1997 with their more pop-influenced single "Fly". The song's success led the band to shift its style dramatically to the more radio-friendly pop sound with their subsequent releases. Their best-selling album, 14:59, was released in 1999, and featured popular singles "Every Morning", "Someday", followed by a self-titled album in 2001 featuring the single "When It's Over". The band would release two further albums, In the Pursuit of Leisure (2003) and Music for Cougars (2009), though the albums and respective singles generally sold far less. The band continued to tour into the 2010s.

In 2019, ten years after the band's last album, they announced their seventh studio album, Little Yachty, in June 2019. The lead single, "Make It Easy", was released the same month.
Kaepung-guyok
Kaep'ung-guyŏk is a district of Kaesong Special city in North Korea. Formerly part of the Kaesong urban area, the county was merged with North Hwanghae when Kaesong was demoted in 2003. However, it was returned to Kaesong Special City in October 2019.

The area is the site of the royal tombs of King Kongmin and King Taejo of the Goryeo dynasty. Actor O Yeong-su, who played Oh Il-nam in the television series Squid Game, was born here in 1944 when the county of Kaepung was in Keiki-dō, during Korea under Japanese rule.

Keiki Province
Keiki-dō (京畿道; Korean: 경기도), alternatively Keiki Province, was a province of Korea under Japanese rule. Its capital was at Keijō (Seoul). The province consisted of what is now the South Korean territories of Seoul and Gyeonggi, as well as parts of what is now southern North Korea.
Glasgow Tigers (speedway)
Glasgow Tigers are a motorcycle speedway team from Glasgow, Scotland. Formed in 1928, the club adopted the Tigers nickname in 1946 and compete in the British SGB Championship. The team race at Ashfield Stadium and celebrated their 75th anniversary in 2021.

Ken McKinlay
John Robert Vickers (Ken) McKinlay (7 June 1928 – 9 February 2003) was a British international motorcycle speedway rider. He earned 23 caps for the Scotland national speedway team, 92 caps for the England national speedway team and 23 caps for the Great Britain team.
Sally in Our Alley (1931 film)
Sally in Our Alley is a 1931 British romantic comedy drama film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Gracie Fields, Ian Hunter, and Florence Desmond. It was written by Miles Malleson, Archie Pitt and Alma Reville based on the 1923 West End play The Likes of Her by Charles McEvoy.

Miles Malleson
William Miles Malleson (25 May 1888 – 15 March 1969) was an English actor and dramatist, best remembered for his appearances in British comedy films of the 1930s to 1960s. Toward the end of his career, he also appeared in cameo roles in several Hammer horror films, with a fairly large role in The Brides of Dracula as the hypochondriac and fee-hungry local doctor. Additionally, Malleson worked as a screenwriter on many films, including some in which he had small parts, such as Nell Gwyn (1934) and The Thief of Bagdad (1940). He also translated and adapted several of Molière's plays (The Misanthrope, which he titled The Slave of Truth,  Tartuffe, and The Imaginary Invalid).
Langley Air Force Base
Langley Air Force Base (IATA: LFI, ICAO: KLFI, FAA LID: LFI) is a United States Air Force base located in Hampton, Virginia, adjacent to Newport News. It was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917.

In October 2010, Langley Air Force Base was joined with Fort Eustis to become Joint Base Langley–Eustis. The base was established in accordance with congressional legislation implementing the recommendations of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission. The legislation ordered the consolidation of the two facilities which were nearby, but separate military installations, into a single joint base, one of 12 formed in the United States as a result of the law.

On February 4, 2023, an F-22 Raptor took off from the base and shot down a Chinese balloon, marking the jet's first-ever combat air kill.

Samuel Langley
Samuel Pierpont Langley (August 22, 1834 – February 27, 1906) was an American  aviation pioneer, astronomer and physicist who invented the bolometer. He was the third secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and a professor of astronomy at the University of Pittsburgh, where he was the director of the Allegheny Observatory.