hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reconnaissance and surveillance squadron
A reconnaissance and surveillance squadron is a specialized unit within the US Army's battlefield surveillance brigade (BfSB) that blends ground cavalry troops with an elite long-range surveillance (LRS) airborne infantry company, continuing the US Army's march toward a modular force.

The reconnaissance and surveillance squadron (R&S squadron) consists of a headquarters troop, (Company C) LRS unit (Airborne Infantry Company) for strategic-level long-range reconnaissance and surveillance missions (the backbone of the R&S units and the BfSB), two ground (Troops A and B) cavalry troops for basic tactical reconnaissance taskings and the R&S squadron mounted quick reaction force (QRF) and ready reaction force (RRF) security force (SECFOR), dismounted QRF and RRF SECFOR, and one line infantry company responsible for the R&S squadron Base SECFOR.

Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition
Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA) squadrons are a type of unit in the United States Army.  These are cavalry squadrons (though in IBCTs they typically contain at least one dismounted infantry troop), and act at the squadron (battalion) level as a reconnaissance unit for their parent brigade combat teams. These RSTA squadrons continue on the Recondo legacy of the Vietnam era Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols (LRRP), however, compared to the LRRPs they are often assigned additional non-reconnaissance responsibilities such as battlespace ownership.

Additionally, RSTA is a doctrine that groups the tasks of reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition conducted by the Department of Defense (United States).  RSTA supports military operations at a strategic (national defense policy), operational (theater level), or tactical (individual unit) level, either by dedicated RSTA forces or those which possess the capability.
Armitage
Armitage is a village in the Lichfield district, in Staffordshire, England, on the Trent and Mersey Canal south of Rugeley and north of Lichfield. With the village of Handsacre it forms the civil parish of Armitage with Handsacre, which had a population of 5,335 at the 2011 Census.

Armitage is the home of Armitage Shanks sanitary porcelain factory. Its parish church, St. John the Baptist church, is at the north end of the village. The organ of St John the Baptist church is of particular interest due to its size, age and history. The organ was built in 1789 for nearby Lichfield Cathedral, but moved here in 1865, commissioned by the then organist Josiah Spode (IV) who resided at nearby Hawkesyard estate, also known as Spode House. Armitage is served by Chaserider bus services 826 and 828 connecting to Lichfield, Rugeley and Stafford.

Armitage Shanks
Armitage Shanks is a British manufacturer of bathroom fixtures and plumbing supplies, now part of the Villeroy & Boch group.

Armitage Shanks has one factory in the village of Armitage in the United Kingdom. Armitage Shanks is a manufacturer of commercial washrooms, hospitals, schools and washrooms
Battle of Nowshera
The Battle of Nowshera was fought at Nowshera, in March 1823 between the Peshawar sardars led by the Afghan governor of Peshawar Azim Khan Barakzai and supported by the Yusufzai, Afridi and Khattak tribes, and the Sikh armies led by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Azim Khan was a half-brother of Dost Mohammad Khan, the future ruler of Kabul, and later Afghanistan. The battle was a victory for the Sikhs over Azim Khan's armies, and allowed the Sikhs to begin their occupation of the Peshawar Valley.

Following their victory, the Sikhs destroyed the Afghan royal court and the fort of Bala Hissar, Peshawar. However, Hari Singh Nalwa, commander-in-chief of the Sikh army, soon commenced the reconstruction of the fort.

Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Nowshera is the capital city of Nowshera District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the 78th largest city in Pakistan and ninth largest city in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Located in the Valley of Peshawar, Nowshera lies on the Kabul River, and is approximately 27 miles (43 km) east of the provincial capital Peshawar, along the Grand Trunk Road.
National T20 Cup
The National T20 Cup is a men's professional domestic Twenty20 cricket competition in Pakistan. Established in 2005, it is one of the world's oldest Twenty20 cricket leagues. It was the principal T20 competition in the country until 2016, when the Pakistan Super League (PSL) franchise tournament was introduced. Since 2019–20, the National T20 Cup has been contested by six regional teams, having previously been contested mainly by teams representing the various city, district and area cricket associations.

The league's team offices are directed out of its head offices located at Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore. Lahore Blues are the defending champions, having won the 2024-25 edition.

2024–25 National T20 Cup
The 2024–25 National T20 Cup was a Twenty20 domestic cricket competition played in Pakistan. It was the 21st season of the National T20 Cup, with the tournament starting on 14 March 2024 and the final being played on 27 March 2025. Karachi Whites were the defending champions as winners of the 2023–24 edition.

Lahore Blues won their second title beating Peshawar in the final by 9 wickets.
Michael Jaffe
Michael Muir Jaffe (born January 9, 1945) is an American TV and film producer. He started out in the business with his father, producer and former AFTRA lawyer Henry Jaffe (1907–1992).  His mother was actress Jean Muir. He has more than 120 producing credits but ventured into writing and directing only for the A&E television series A Nero Wolfe Mystery (2001–02), which he called "the love of my life."

He is a founding partner of Jaffe/Braunstein Films, which became Jaffe/Braunstein Entertainment in 2007, when ITV bought a controlling share of 51% in the company.

Jaffe holds a BA from Yankton College and an MA in Theater from Cornell University.

Yankton College
Yankton College was a private liberal arts college in Yankton, South Dakota, United States, affiliated with the Congregational Christian Churches (later the United Church of Christ). Yankton College produced nine Rhodes Scholars, more than any other South Dakota higher education institution, and a United States Senator. According to the following list published by the Rhodes Trust, Yankton College produced more Rhodes Scholars per capita than most large universities in the U.S.
Karl Gotthelf Lessing
Karl Gotthelf Lessing (July 10, 1740 in Kamenz – February 17, 1812 in Breslau) was a German mint director, comedy writer and the first biographer and estate manager of his brother Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Among other things, he was the later owner of the Vossische Zeitung, which was still called "Royal Privilegirte Berlinische Zeitung of State and learned matters" at this time.

Vossische Zeitung
The Vossische Zeitung (Voss's Newspaper) was a nationally known Berlin newspaper that represented the interests of the liberal middle class. It was also generally regarded as Germany's national newspaper of record. In the Berlin press it held a special role due to the fact that by way of its direct predecessors it was the oldest newspaper in the city. The name went back to Christian Friedrich Voss, who was its owner from 1751 to 1795, but Vossische Zeitung became its official name only after 1911. It ceased publication in 1934 under pressure from the Nazi state.
English cricket team in the West Indies in 2023–24
The England cricket team toured the West Indies in December 2023 to play three One Day International (ODI) and five Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. The International Cricket Council (ICC) finalized the bilateral series in a press release. In May 2023, Cricket West Indies (CWI) announced the schedule for the series. The T20I series formed part of both teams' preparation for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.

During the third and final ODI of the series, West Indies players wore black armbands to mourn the deaths of former West Indies cricketers Joe Solomon and Clyde Butts and a minute's silence was observed prior to the start of the match. The West Indies won the 3-match ODI series 2-1 by defeating England in the final rain-affected match by 4 wickets.

The West Indies also won the 5-match T20I series 3–2.

Clyde Butts
Clyde Godfrey Butts (8 July 1957 – 8 December 2023) was a Guyanese cricketer who batted right-handed and bowled off breaks. Later, he became a team selector. In a career spanning 14 seasons, he played 87 first class games, including seven Test matches for the West Indies between 1985 and 1988. He also served as the chairman of West Indies Cricket Board Selection Panel for a brief stint.
Polski Fiat 125p
Polski Fiat 125p is a motor vehicle manufactured between 1967 and 1991 in Poland under a Fiat license by the state-owned manufacturer Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych (FSO). It was a simplified and altered variation of the original, Italian-made Fiat 125, with engines and mechanicals from the Fiat 1300 and 1500. To distinguish between the models, Fiat and FSO revived the marque Polski Fiat. After termination of the license, the car was branded as FSO 1300, FSO 1500 and FSO 125p.

Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych
Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych (transl. Passenger Car Factory), commonly known as FSO, is a Polish automobile parts manufacturer, and formerly an automobile producer of historic significance, located in Warsaw.

In 2011, the factory ceased production amidst the backdrop of the global crisis, but directly as a result of GM Korea's refusal to prolong the factory's licence to produce the Aveo. GM claimed that one of the reasons for breaking the cooperation with FSO was the entry into force of the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement, which stipulated that import duties on cars imported from South Korea (then at 10%) were to be progressively eliminated. Since then, FSO has been producing automotive sub-assemblies.
History of peasant banana production in the Americas
While the production of bananas for export is largely in the hands of large commercial companies, such as Chiquita or Dole, the Caribbean, and particularly the Windward Islands, are notable for the production of bananas by small holders for export.

Peasant banana producers focus their attention on the popular Cavendish banana, as these are the fruit of choice on markets in Europe. In the Caribbean, and especially in Dominica where this sort of cultivation is widespread, holdings are in the 1-2 acre range. In many cases the farmer earns additional money from other crops, from engaging in labor outside the farm, and from a share of the earnings of relatives living overseas. This style of cultivation often was popular in the islands as bananas required little labor input and brought welcome extra income. Vulnerability to hurricanes in particular represented a problem.

Chiquita
Chiquita Brands International S.à.r.l. (/tʃɪˈkiːtə/), formerly known as United Fruit Company, is a Swiss company producing and distributing bananas and other produce.  The company operates under subsidiary brand names, including the flagship Chiquita brand and Fresh Express salads. Chiquita is the leading distributor of bananas in the United States.

Chiquita is the successor to the United Fruit Company. It was formerly controlled by American businessman Carl Lindner Jr., whose majority ownership of the company ended when Chiquita Brands International exited a prepackaged Chapter 11 bankruptcy on 19 March 2002.  In 2003, the company acquired the German produce distribution company, Atlanta AG. Fresh Express salads was purchased from Performance Food Group in 2005.  Chiquita's former headquarters were located in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Faculty of Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine
The Faculty of Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine operates under the Society of Apothecaries though it is considered a separate organisation with its own registered charity status. It was established in 2005, shortly after the London bombings where on review it was felt that medical organisations would benefit from training in dealing with extreme situations i.e. Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine.

Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine
Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine is a small medical specialty that operates within disaster areas whether they are natural or human caused disasters. Currently many healthcare professionals are involved in the Ebola crisis of 2014. Conflict and Catastrophe medicine is a specialized form of humanitarian aid.
Trivium (cipher)
Trivium is a synchronous stream cipher designed to provide a flexible trade-off between speed and gate count in hardware, and reasonably efficient software implementation.

Trivium was submitted to the Profile II (hardware) of the eSTREAM competition by its authors, Christophe De Cannière and Bart Preneel, and has been selected as part of the portfolio for low area hardware ciphers (Profile 2) by the eSTREAM project.  It is not patented and has been specified as an International Standard under ISO/IEC 29192-3.

It generates up to 264 bits of output from an 80-bit key and an 80-bit IV.  It is the simplest eSTREAM entrant; while it shows remarkable resistance to cryptanalysis for its simplicity and performance, recent attacks leave the security margin looking rather slim.

Bart Preneel
Bart Preneel (born 15 October 1963 in Leuven, Belgium) is a Belgian cryptographer and cryptanalyst. He is a professor at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in the COSIC group.

He was the president of the International Association for Cryptologic Research in 2008–2013 and project manager of ECRYPT.
Ashford Independents
The Ashford Independents are a local political party based in Ashford, Kent. The group was founded in 2003.

Currently, the Ashford Independents form the minority administration of Ashford Borough council with the Green Party.

Borough of Ashford
The Borough of Ashford is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest town, Ashford, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Tenterden and an extensive surrounding rural area including numerous villages; with an area of 580 square kilometres (220 sq mi), it is the largest district in Kent. Parts of the borough lie within the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald and the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts are (clockwise from west) Tunbridge Wells, Maidstone, Swale, Canterbury, Folkestone and Hythe, and Rother. The latter is in East Sussex, the rest are in Kent.
Cigarettes After Sex
Cigarettes After Sex is an American dream pop band formed in El Paso, Texas, in 2008 by Greg Gonzalez. The band is known for its ethereal, limerent, and often dream-like musical style, lyrics often based on the themes of love and romance, as well as Gonzalez's voice, which has been described as androgynous. While marketed as an ambient pop band, Cigarettes After Sex are also considered to be shoegaze, slowcore and indie rock.

The band's debut extended play, I., was released in 2012, with the song "Nothing's Gonna Hurt You Baby" eventually becoming a sleeper hit through commercial licensing. After the release of the standalone single "Affection" in 2015, the band released their self-titled debut studio album in 2017 to positive reviews. The second Cigarettes After Sex studio album, Cry, followed in 2019. A third album, X's, was released in July 2024.

Slowcore
Slowcore (also known as sadcore) is a subgenre of indie rock characterized by its subdued tempos, minimalist instrumentation, and sombre vocal performances. The style was originally pioneered by artists such as Talk Talk, Galaxie 500, Low, Codeine, Red House Painters, Spain, Duster, Ida and Bedhead, while primarily drawing influences from dream pop, folk and alternative rock, and being related to the development of post-rock.

While facing controversy terminologically throughout the late 20th century, slowcore has developed in conjunction with sadcore into the 21st century.
Pernštejn family
The House of Pernštejn (German: Pernstein) was one of the oldest and most important (uradel) families originating from Moravian nobility, along with the House of Rosenberg, 
that played an important role in the medieval history of Bohemian nobility from the 13th century until its extinction in the first half of the 17th century.

Jan IV of Pernštejn
Jan IV of Pernštejn (also known as Jan of Pernstein, John of Pernstein, Jan the Rich or John the Rich in English, Jan z Pernštejna a na Helfštejně or Jan Bohatý in Czech, and Johann von Pernstein or Hans von Pernstein auf Helfenstein in German; 14 November 1487 in Moravský Krumlov – 8 September 1548 in Hrušovany u Brna) was a Moravian-Bohemian nobleman. He was high treasurer of Moravia in 1506–1516 and Landeshauptmann of Moravia in 1515–1519 and in 1526–1528 and governor of Moravia in 1530–1532. In 1537–1548, he was Count of Kladsko and pledge lord of the County of Kladsko.
Mikhail Menshikov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Menshikov (Russian: Михаи́л Васи́льевич Ме́ньшиков; born 17 January 1948) is a Russian-British mathematician with publications in areas ranging from probability to combinatorics. He currently holds the post of Professor in the University of Durham.

Menshikov has made a substantial contribution to percolation theory and the theory of random walks.

Menshikov was born in Moscow and went to school in Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. He studied at Moscow State University earning all his degrees up to Candidate of Sciences (1976) and Doctor of Sciences (1988). After briefly working in Zhukovsky, Menshikov worked in Moscow State University for many years. His career then took him to the University of São Paulo before becoming a professor at the University of Durham, where he currently lives.

Percolation theory
In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of a network when nodes or links are added. This is a geometric type of phase transition, since at a critical fraction of addition the network of small, disconnected clusters merge into significantly larger connected, so-called spanning clusters. The applications of percolation theory to materials science and in many other disciplines are discussed here and in the articles Network theory and Percolation (cognitive psychology).
Gohouo-Zagna
Gohouo-Zagna is a town in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Bangolo Department in Guémon Region, Montagnes District.

Gohouo-Zagna was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Gohouo-Zagna was 17,800.

Bangolo Department
Bangolo Department is a department of Guémon Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 270,629 and its seat is the settlement of Bangolo. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bangolo, Béoué-Zibiao, Bléniméouin, Diéouzon, Gohouo-Zagna, Guinglo-Tahouaké,  Kahin-Zarabaon, Zéo, and Zou.
British Aerospace Space Systems
British Aerospace Space Systems Ltd was a subsidiary of British Aerospace.

In 1994, it was sold to Matra Marconi Space, which also acquired Ferranti Satcomms at the same time. British Aerospace regained an interest in the company when it merged with GEC's Marconi Electronic Systems to form BAE Systems. In 2000, Matra Marconi was merged with the space division of DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG (DASA) to form Astrium. BAE sold its 25% stake in June 2003 and the company became EADS Astrium.

Projects which BAe Space Systems was involved in include the earliest Eutelsat satellites.

British Aerospace
British Aerospace plc (BAe) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturer that was formed in 1977. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. It purchased Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company, in 1999 to form BAE Systems.
Zhongxing New Village
Zhongxing New Village, sometimes rendered as Chunghsing New Village is an urban village located in Nantou City, Nantou County, Taiwan (ROC) and was the seat of government of Taiwan Province until the abolition of the Taiwan Provincial Government in 2018. The term zhōngxīng is from a Chinese legend Shao Kang Resurgence (少康中興; Shàokāng Zhōngxīng), referring to the restoration of the Xia dynasty by king Shao Kang, an allusion to the ROC government taking back mainland China.

It is a planned town with a population of 25,549 as of February 2010. With all the buildings owned by the government, development is strictly controlled and carefully planned.

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
Saint Stanislaus College
St. Stanislaus College (SSC) is a Catholic day and boarding school for boys in grades 7–12. It has been owned and operated by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart order since 1854.

It is located around an hour's drive outside New Orleans in Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. The institution is named after Saint Stanislaus Kostka, who is the Patron Saint of youth, young students, and seminarians. It takes in day and boarding students from grades 7-12. It was founded in 1854 by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart. The school mascot is the "Rock-A-Chaw."

Bay St. Louis, Mississippi
Bay St. Louis is a city in and the county seat of Hancock County, Mississippi, in the United States. Located on the Gulf Coast on the west side of the Bay of St. Louis, it is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area. The population was 9,284 at the 2020 census, up from 9,260 at the 2010 census.
Menderes Sports Hall
Menderes Sports Hall is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Adana, situated just next to the 5 Ocak Stadium. The arena is opened in 1938 together with the stadium as a sports complex.

The sports hall has an audience capacity of 2000. It hosts national and international sports events such as basketball, volleyball, wrestling and weightlifting, concerts and congresses among others. The facility contains two wall mounted scoreboards, two locker rooms, a press room, a cafeteria and VIP lounge.

The 2nd division professional basketball team of Ceyhan Basketbol play their Turkish League home matches in the Menderes Sports Hall.

2013 IWBF Men's U23 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship was held in the arena from September 7th to 14th.

Adana
Adana is a large city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the northeastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the administrative seat of the Adana province, and has a population of 1,816,750 (Seyhan, Yuregir, Cukurova, Saricam).

Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a region of around 6 million people. The region was particularly important in the classical world due to its location by a pass in the Taurus Mountains (both for military campaigns and trade routes), and its wealth in metal and agricultural assets, including the large fertile plain of Çukurova.

Adana remains a centre for regional trade, and public and private services. Agriculture, healthcare and logistics are important parts of the economy. The city is connected to Tarsus and Mersin by TCDD train. The closest public airport is Çukurova International Airport.