hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oliver Penrose
Oliver Penrose FRS FRSE (born 6 June 1929) is a British theoretical physicist and emeritus professor at Heriot-Watt University.  His topics of interest include statistical mechanics, phase transitions in metals and the physical chemistry of surfactants. He is known for introducing the concept of off-diagonal long-range order, important to the present understanding of superfluids and superconductors. He is also known for the Penrose criterion in plasma physics.

He was associated with the Open University for seventeen years and was a Professor of Mathematics at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh from 1986 until his retirement in 1994.

Penrose has worked in fundamental topics, which include understanding the physical basis for the direction of time and interpretations of quantum mechanics.

Off-diagonal long-range order
In condensed matter physics, an off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) is a feature of macroscopic quantum phenomena. It refers to off-diagonal elements in the density matrix separated in space in a many-body quantum mechanical system. An ODLRO implies correlations between distant particles in the system, indicating quantum behaviour. The concept is analogous to coherences and higher order coherences from quantum optics. An ODLRO is an indication of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the system.

ODLRO are different from the usual (diagonal) long-range order which is the kind of correlations that one finds in crystals and in many classical systems.

The concept was first introduced by Oliver Penrose in 1951, and by Penrose and Lars Onsager in 1956, to study superfluidity and Bose–Einstein condensates. Its mathematical definition in terms of density matrices was done by C.N. Yang in 1962, who coined the term ODLRO and generalized it to other systems like superconductivity.
David Kaplan (philosopher)
David Benjamin Kaplan (/ˈkæplən/; born September 17, 1933) is an American philosopher. He is the Hans Reichenbach Professor of Scientific Philosophy at the UCLA Department of Philosophy. His philosophical work focuses on the philosophy of language, logic, metaphysics, epistemology and the philosophy of Frege and Russell. He is best known for his work on demonstratives, propositions, and reference in intensional contexts.  He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1983 and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy in 2007.

Frege's puzzles
Frege's puzzles are puzzles about the semantics of proper names, although related puzzles also arise in the case of indexicals. Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) introduced the puzzle at the beginning of his article "Über Sinn und Bedeutung" ("On Sense and Reference") in 1892 in one of the most influential articles in analytic philosophy and philosophy of language.
Collybistin
Collybistin is a brain specific protein identified as a regulator of the  localization of gephyrin, inducing the formation of submembrane gephyrin aggregates that accumulate glycine and GABA receptors. In 2000 it was identified as a gephyrin binding partner, and an important determinant of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane formation and plasticity. Gephyrin and collybistin are recruited to developing postsynaptic membranes of inhibitory synapses by the trans-synaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-2, where they provide the scaffold for the clustering of inhibitory postsynaptic receptors to form a functioning inhibitory synapse.

The gene ARHGEF9 (aka ARHDH) codes for Collybistin.

Gephyrin
Gephyrin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPHN gene.

This gene encodes a neuronal assembly protein that anchors inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic cytoskeleton via high affinity binding to a receptor subunit domain and tubulin dimers. In nonneuronal tissues, the encoded protein is also required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene may be associated with the neurological condition hyperekplexia and also lead to molybdenum cofactor deficiency.
Furness line
The Furness line is a British railway between Barrow-in-Furness and Carnforth, where it joins the West Coast Main Line. It serves various towns along the Furness coast, including Barrow-in-Furness, Ulverston and Grange-over-Sands.

The line serves primarily passenger traffic, with regional rail services operated by Northern from Manchester Airport, Preston and Lancaster. The majority of services along the line terminate at Barrow-in-Furness, however some services continue along the Cumbrian Coast Line to Millom, Whitehaven and Carlisle.

The line also sees regular freight traffic serving the Port of Barrow and Sellafield. The line was designated a community rail partnership by the Department for Transport in 2012.

Carnforth railway station
Carnforth is a railway station on the Bentham and Furness Lines, sited 6 miles (10 km) north of Lancaster, England; it serves the market town of Carnforth, in Lancashire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
Charwatynia
Charwatynia [xarvaˈtɨɲa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Luzino, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Luzino
Gmina Luzino (Kashubian: Gmina Lëzëno) is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Luzino, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Wejherowo and 41 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The gmina covers an area of 111.94 square kilometres (43.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,880.
St Conor's College
St Conor's College is a secondary school located in Northern Ireland. It has two sites. The main site is in the village of Clady and a junior site is located in Kilrea.  The school opened in September 2018. It is within the Education Authority (North Eastern) region.

Clady, County Londonderry
Clady (Irish: Clóidigh) is a small village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 517 people in the 2021 census. It is within the Mid-Ulster District area.

The village name comes from the Clady River, a major river in Northern Ireland.
Anthony Thompson (Gaelic footballer)
Anthony Thompson is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Naomh Conaill and, formerly, the Donegal county team. He is a wing back.

First called up to play for the Donegal senior team ahead of the 2006 season by manager Brian McIver, Thompson won one All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) title, four Ulster Senior Football Championship titles and a National Football League title while playing for his county (won under the management of McIver, Jim McGuinness and Declan Bonner respectively). As of 2023, he had amassed seven Donegal Senior Football Championship titles while playing with his club.

Naomh Conaill CLCG
Naomh Conaill CLCG is a GAA club for the Glenties parish in south-west County Donegal. As well as the town of Glenties, the club also covers the area to the village of Fintown and the areas of Kilraine, The Glen and Maas down to the Gweebara Bridge. Much of this area lies within the Donegal Gaeltacht area.

Naomh Conaill is one of the strongholds of Gaelic football in County Donegal. The club has eight Donegal Senior Football Championship titles, all won since 2005. It reached the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship final in 2010 and 2019.

The club is its reigning County Senior Football Champions, having beaten Gaoth Dobhair in the 2025 final. The current football manager is Martin Regan.
Eduardo Manzano
Eduardo Manzano II (July 18, 1938 – December 5, 2025) was a Mexican comedian, singer and actor who was best known for being a part of the comedy duo "Los polivoces" and for his role as Arnoldo López in Una familia de diez (2007–2025).. Manzano died in Mexico City on December 5, 2025, at the age of 87.

Una familia de diez
Una familia de diez (English title: The 10 of Us), also known as Una familia de diez + 2 for the second season, is a Mexican sitcom that centers on the López household, a middle class Mexican family that constantly endures hilarious situations. They live in an apartment which barely holds living space for them. It premiered on Las Estrellas on March 22, 2007.

The twelfth season premiered on September 28, 2025.
Philip Goff (philosopher)
Philip Goff is a British author, panpsychist philosopher, and professor at Durham University whose research focuses on philosophy of mind and consciousness. Specifically, it focuses on how consciousness can be part of the scientific worldview. Goff holds that materialism is "incoherent" and that dualism leads to "complexity, discontinuity and mystery". Instead, he advocates a "third way", a version of Russellian monism that attempts to account for reality's intrinsic nature by positing that consciousness is a fundamental, ubiquitous feature of the physical world. "The basic commitment is that the fundamental constituents of reality—perhaps electrons and quarks—have incredibly simple forms of experience."

Journal of Consciousness Studies
The Journal of Consciousness Studies is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated entirely to the field of consciousness studies. It is published by Imprint Academic, and was founded in 1994. It was edited by Joseph Goguen from its founding date until 2006. It has since been edited by Professor Valerie Gray Hardcastle of the University of Cincinnati.
Excelsior Motor Manufacturing & Supply Company
Excelsior Motor Manufacturing & Supply Company was an American motorcycle manufacturer operating in Chicago from 1907 to 1931. It was purchased by Ignaz Schwinn, proprietor of bicycle manufacturer Arnold, Schwinn & Co. in 1912. In 1912, an Excelsior was the first motorcycle to be officially timed at a speed of 100 mph. The Henderson Motorcycle Company became a division of Excelsior when Schwinn purchased Henderson in 1917. By 1928, Excelsior was in third place in the U.S. motorcycle market behind Indian and Harley-Davidson. The Great Depression convinced Schwinn to order Excelsior's operations to cease in September 1931.

Schwinn Bicycle Company
The Schwinn Bicycle Company is an American company that develops and markets bicycles under the eponymous brand name.
The company was founded by Ignaz Schwinn (1860–1948) in Chicago in 1895, and in the 20th century became the dominant manufacturer of American bicycles.

Schwinn first declared bankruptcy in 1992 and was restructured. In 2001 Schwinn again declared bankruptcy and was purchased by Pacific Cycle, now owned by the Dutch conglomerate, Pon Holdings.
WNKV (FM)
WNKV (103.5 FM, "103.5 K-Love”) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Burgettstown, Pennsylvania. It serves Western Pennsylvania including part of Greater Pittsburgh, as well as the West Virginia Panhandle and Eastern Ohio. It is owned by Educational Media Foundation (EMF) and is an affiliate of K-Love, EMF's contemporary Christian music network.

WNKV has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 19,500 watts. The transmitter is on Burr Avenue in Mingo Junction, Ohio, near the Ohio River. It shares a tower with WTOV-TV.

WTOV-TV
WTOV-TV (channel 9) is a television station licensed to Steubenville, Ohio, United States, serving the Wheeling, West Virginia–Steubenville, Ohio market as an affiliate of NBC and Fox. Owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, the station maintains studios and transmitter facilities on Burr Avenue in Mingo Junction, Ohio (mailing address reads Red Donley Plaza in Steubenville).
Bad (David Guetta and Showtek song)
"Bad" (also stylised as "BAD!") is a song by French music producer and DJ David Guetta and Dutch production duo Showtek, featuring vocals from Australian singer Vassy. It was released on 17 March 2014 as a single of the deluxe version from Guetta's studio album, Listen. It was written and produced by Guetta, Showtek, Sultan & Ned Shepard, and Manuel Reuter and it was co-written by Giorgio Tuinfort, Ossama Al Sarraf, Vassy, and Nick Turpin. The song entered and peaked on the UK Singles Chart at number 22. This track has since topped the chart in Finland and Norway. The song, which features vocals from Vassy, features her with an Auto-Tuned voice; reviews were critical of the effects applied to the vocals.

Giorgio Tuinfort
Giorgio Hesdey Tuinfort (born 30 April 1981) is a Dutch record producer and songwriter. He is best known for his production work for Senegalese-American singer Akon and French DJ David Guetta. Giorgio has been credited on releases by prominent music industry artists, such as Michael Jackson, Black Eyed Peas, Gwen Stefani, Rihanna, Sia, Lady Gaga, Martin Garrix, Ariana Grande, Céline Dion, Charlie Puth, Britney Spears, Whitney Houston, Usher, Lionel Richie and Sean Paul.
Overseas Elite
Overseas Elite was an American basketball team that participated in The Basketball Tournament (TBT), an annual winner-take-all single-elimination tournament. The team won the tournament four consecutive times: 2015 (prize money $1 million), 2016 ($2 million), 2017 ($2 million), and 2018 ($2 million). The roster of Overseas Elite consisted of professional basketball players who competed outside of the NBA. The team last competed in 2020.

Errick McCollum
Errick "E" Lane McCollum II (born January 22, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Galatasaray MCT Technic of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the Champions League (BCL). He played college basketball for Goshen. At a height of 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), he plays at both the point guard and shooting guard positions.
Corinthian (horse)
Corinthian (foaled March 7, 2003 in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.

He was purchased at the Fasig-Tipton 2004 Saratoga yearling sale for $385,000 by the Centennial Farms racing partnership led by Donald V. Little Sr. of Ipswich, Massachusetts.

Trained by Jimmy Jerkens, Corinthian is best known for winning the 2007 Grade I Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile at Monmouth Park and the 2007 Metropolitan Handicap (Grade I) at Belmont Park.

Monmouth Park Racetrack
Monmouth Park Racetrack is an American race track for thoroughbred horse racing in Oceanport, New Jersey, United States. It is owned by the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority and is operated under a five-year lease as a partnership with Darby Development, LLC.

Monmouth Park's marquee event is the Haskell Invitational, named after Amory L. Haskell. The Haskell was first run in 1968 as a handicap, but was made into an Invitational Handicap in 1981. It is now a 1+1⁄8 mi (1.8 km) test for three-year-olds run in late July. Monmouth Park also now showcases the Jersey Derby originally run at Garden State Park until its closure in 2001. The racetrack's season spans from early May to Labor Day in early September.
Akanamali
"Akanamali" is a single by South African DJ and music producer  Sun-El Musician featuring South African singer-songwriter Samthing Soweto. EL World  Music and Sony released it on 21 May 2017, as the lead single from his debut studio album, Africa to the World (2018).

It reached number one on Shazam charts, becoming the first single from  the album to reach summit  of the chart. The song's lyrics discuss a lady who runs away with a guy who has no money, to finds her happiness. "Akanamali" was certified  Platinum by the Recording Industry of  South Africa (RiSA).

At the 24th ceremony of  South African Music Awards the song won three awards includes: Best Collaboration, Highest Airplay Composer  and Highest Airplay Song.

Africa to the World
Africa to the World is a debut studio album by South African DJ Sun-El Musician, released on April 20, 2018 through EL World Music.

The album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry of South Africa (RiSA).
Tom Warhurst Sr.
Hubert Thomas Warhurst (10 February 1917 – 23 January 2004) was an Australian tennis player who competed in six Australian Championships. He also played Australian rules football with Norwood in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). He is the father of John Warhurst and Tom Warhurst, Jr.

John Warhurst (academic)
John Lewis Warhurst, AO (born 29 February 1948) is a noted Australian academic and a prominent leader within the Australian Republican Movement. He currently holds the positions of emeritus professor at the Australian National University and deputy chair of the Republican Movement.
Cycling at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Cycling at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was the 15th appearance of Cycling at the Commonwealth Games. The events were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 11 to 21 September 1998. Changes in events saw the road team time trial replaced by the individual time trial.

The track events were held at the Cheras Velodrome (built in 1986) and the road events were held at the Shah Alam Circuit.

Australia topped the cycling medal table, by virtue of winning eight gold medals.

Cheras Velodrome
The Cheras Velodrome was a 4.8-hectare outdoor cycling velodrome with a concrete surface that existed from 1986 to 2017 and was located at 56000 Cheras in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The 333.33 metres circumference velodrome was built in 1986 and hosted the track cycling events for the 1998 Commonwealth Games from 11 to 21 September 1998. The velodrome underwent refurbishment to be ready for the Games.

The final cycling event held at the venue was the National Junior Track Championships and took place from 21 to 23 March 2017. The velodorme was set to be demolished and replaced by commercial development.

In 2021 it was still being used (pending demolition) as a training venue for the Malaysian team for the 2022 Malaysia Games.
Love Alive IV
Love Alive IV is a studio album by gospel artist Walter Hawkins and the Family released in 1990 on Malaco Records. It was produced by Hawkins. The album spent ten weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Top Gospel Albums chart and reached No. 29 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart.

Love Alive IV earned a Grammy nomination in the category of Best Gospel Album By A Choir Or Chorus.

Walter Hawkins
Walter Lee Hawkins (May 18, 1949 – July 11, 2010) was an American gospel singer, songwriter, composer, and pastor. An influential figure in urban contemporary gospel music, his career spanned more than four decades. Hawkins won one Grammy from a sum of eight nominations.
California State Route 186
State Route 186 (SR 186), also known as Algodones Road, is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that connects Interstate 8 (I-8) in Imperial County with the U.S.–Mexico border near the Colorado River. Its southern terminus is at the Andrade Port of Entry, which connects it to Los Algodones, Baja California, and its northern terminus is near Winterhaven, California, in the location of Araz Junction. The route is only 2.070 miles (3.331 km) long, heading along the length of the Alamo Canal and the All-American Canal within the boundaries of the Fort Yuma-Quechan Reservation. The route was assigned in 1972 in Imperial County, and the interchange with I-8 was constructed a year later.

Andrade Port of Entry
The Andrade Port of Entry is the easternmost and lowest volume border crossing of the United States-Mexico border in California, USA. It is located 2 miles south of Interstate 8, and about 2000 feet west of the Colorado River, in Imperial County opposite the Los Algodones border crossing in Baja California, Mexico. It is connected to Interstate 8 by California State Route 186. It is a minor port in comparison to the larger Calexico West and Calexico East Ports of Entry. In spite of its remote desert location, it supports significant tourist traffic volume. The Andrade-Los Algodones border crossing is also Mexico's northernmost port of entry.  The port ranked 11th for pedestrian crossings in 2010, with more than one million people processed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
The Wild Bunch (video game)
The Wild Bunch is a computer game released in 1984 for the ZX Spectrum and 1985 for the Amstrad CPC by Firebird Software. Despite its name, it has no relation to the 1969 film but is set in the Wild West. The title refers to a fictitious gang of outlaws featured in the game, loosely based on the real Wild Bunch gang who were prominent in the 1890s.

The game music is the cowboy ballad "Streets of Laredo".

Telecomsoft
Telecomsoft was a British video game publisher and a division of British Telecom. The company was founded by Ederyn Williams in 1984 and operated three separate labels: Firebird, Rainbird, and Silverbird. The first employee was James Leavey, seconded from elsewhere in BT, who, along with Tony Rainbird, became the driving force behind the company in the early days.
Varsity Show (film)
Varsity Show is a 1937 American musical film directed by William Keighley from a script by Jerry Wald, Richard Macaulay, Warren Duff and Sig Herzig and starring Dick Powell, Fred Waring and Waring's Pennsylvanians, Ted Healy, and Priscilla Lane. Released by Warner Bros. Pictures, it features songs by Richard A. Whiting and many others. The finale was directed by Busby Berkeley.

Busby Berkeley
Berkeley William Enos (November 29, 1895 – March 14, 1976), known professionally as Busby Berkeley, was an American film director and musical choreographer. Berkeley devised elaborate musical production numbers that has often involved complex geometric patterns. His work used large numbers of showgirls and props as fantasy elements in kaleidoscopic on-screen performances.
Mayumi Inaba
Mayumi Inaba (稲葉 真弓, Inaba Mayumi, 8 March 1950 – 30 August 2014) was a Japanese writer and poet. She won the Tanizaki Prize in 2011 for her memoir To the Peninsula (半島へ). Her short story Asa ga nido kuru (朝が二度くる, Morning Comes Twice a Day) was translated into English by Lawrence Rogers for the collection Tokyo Stories: A Literary Stroll.

Tokyo Stories: A Literary Stroll
Tokyo Stories: A Literary Stroll is an anthology of Japanese short stories set in Tokyo. The translator and editor Lawrence Rogers won the Japan–U.S. Friendship Commission Prize for the Translation of Japanese Literature from the Donald Keene Center of Japanese culture in 2004 for his work on this book. The stories are ordered by the areas of Tokyo in which they take place.
Athlone railway station
Athlone railway station is a station which serves the town of Athlone in County Roscommon and County Westmeath. It is located in the town on the east side of the river Shannon.

The station is an interchange station between the Dublin-Galway and Dublin-Westport rail services. In addition it is located adjacent to the town's bus station.

There are three platforms, of which Numbers 2 and 3 are an island platform.

Westport railway station (Ireland)
Westport railway station serves the town of Westport, County Mayo, Ireland.

The station is the terminus station on the Dublin to Westport Rail service. Passengers to or from Galway must travel to Athlone and change trains. Passengers to or from Ballina and Foxford must travel to Manulla Junction and change trains.
Afatinib
Afatinib, sold under the brand name Gilotrif among others, is a medication which is used to treat non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). It belongs to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor family of medications. It is taken by mouth.

It is mainly used to treating cases of NSCLC that harbour mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene.

Afatinib is a therapeutic alternative on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Non-small-cell lung cancer
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or non-small-cell lung carcinoma, is a type of epithelial lung cancer other than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Non-small-cell lung cancer accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. As a class, non-small-cell lung cancers are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, compared to small-cell carcinoma. When possible, they are primarily treated by surgical resection with curative intent, although chemotherapy has been used increasingly both preoperatively (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and postoperatively (adjuvant chemotherapy).