hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kazimierz Zakrzewski
Kazimierz Zakrzewski (November 4, 1900 in Kraków – March 11, 1941 in Palmiry) was a Polish historian, journalist and publicist, a professor of the University of Warsaw. Zakrzewski was a co-originator of the Polish syndicalist movement, activist of the trade union Związek Związków Zawodowych, and researcher of ancient history (mainly late-ancient) and the Byzantine culture. He wrote Historia Bizancjum ("History of the Byzantine Empire") and co-authored the Polish popular history encyclopedia Wielka historia powszechna. During World War II, Zakrzewski was murdered by the Germans in a  mass execution at Palmiry.

Palmiry massacre
52°20′N 20°44′E﻿ / ﻿52.33°N 20.74°E﻿ / 52.33; 20.74The Palmiry massacre was a series of mass executions carried out by Nazi German forces, during World War II, near the village of Palmiry in the Kampinos Forest northwest of Warsaw.
Avocado Toast (web series)
Avocado Toast is a Canadian comedy-drama web series, which premiered in 2020 on OutTVGo. The series stars Heidi Lynch as Molly, a woman in her early 30s who unexpectedly falls in love with a woman for the first time, and learns after coming out as bisexual to her parents that they have been in an open marriage for many years; meanwhile, her best friend Elle (Perrie Voss) simultaneously discovers that her mother is having an affair with a man young enough to be her brother.

The series was based in part on Lynch and Voss's own real-life experiences.

The cast also includes Faye Marsay, Brenda Robins, Kristian Bruun, Nelu Handa, Scott Cavalheiro, Andrew Moodie, Mag Ruffman, Clare McConnell and Prince Amponsah.

Heidi Lynch
Heidi Lynch is a Canadian actress, most noted as a co-creator and co-star of the web series Avocado Toast.

A graduate of the University of Windsor, Lynch first met her collaborator Perrie Voss in 2015 when they acted together in a production of Peter Colley's play The Ghost Island Light. Lynch had recently come out as bisexual, while Voss was going through the recent announcement that her parents were divorcing, which ultimately formed the initial storyline for Avocado Toast.

She also appeared in the film The Drawer Boy, had a voice role in the animated short film A Pig's Tail, and has had guest roles in the television series Handsome Devils, Reign, Covert Affairs and Spinning Out.

Lynch is a two-time Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Lead Performance in a Web Program or Series for Avocado Toast, receiving nods at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021 and at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023.
Honeymoon Lane (film)
Honeymoon Lane is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film directed by William James Craft and starring Eddie Dowling, June Collyer, Raymond Hatton. The film was released on July 25, 1931, by Paramount Pictures. It is based on the 1926 Broadway musical of the same title by Dowling and James F. Hanley.

Honeymoon Lane (musical)
Honeymoon Lane was a popular Broadway musical by Eddie Dowling, who wrote the book and also starred with music by James F. Hanley. The musical was a big success and ran for nearly a year from 20 September 1926 at the Knickerbocker Theatre on Broadway. Among the cast was Pauline Mason as Mary Brown, Eddie Dowling as Tim Murphy, Al Sexton as Ted Kleinze, and Kate Smith. The play was made into a film of the same name with Dowling again starring in 1931.
Mary Floyd Williams
Mary Floyd Williams (March 31, 1866 – March 31, 1959) was an American librarian and California historian. In 1918, she became the first woman to complete a doctorate in history at the University of California, with a dissertation on the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance.

San Francisco Committee of Vigilance
The San Francisco Committee of Vigilance was a vigilante group formed in 1851. The catalyst for its formation was the criminality of the Sydney Ducks gang. It was revived in 1856 in response to rampant crime and corruption in the municipal government of San Francisco, California. The explosive population growth following the discovery of gold in 1848 was cited as the source of the alleged need for the revival of the committee. The small town of about 900 individuals grew to a booming city of over 20,000 very rapidly. Founders alleged that the growth in population overwhelmed the previously established law enforcement, and led to the organization of vigilante militia groups.

These militias hanged eight people and forced several elected officials to resign. Each Committee of Vigilance formally relinquished power after three months.
Salem Chapel, Dundee
Salem Chapel is a former United Reformed Church in Dundee, Scotland. Now a Category C listed building, it was built in 1872, to a design by newly appointed Dundee City Architect William Alexander.

The church, which was established in the city in 1839, held its first service in the building on 6 October 1872. It closed in 2019, after 147 years, holding its final service on 24 November.

William Alexander (architect)
William Alexander (1841 – 11 May 1904) was a Scottish architect, prominent in the late 19th century. His design genre mainly included tenement buildings and theatres, and he was focussed almost exclusively in the Tayside region. Several of the structures he built or worked on are today listed as Category A, Category B or Category C.
Barboursville, Virginia
Barboursville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Orange County, Virginia, United States. It is the birthplace of renowned American military commander and president Zachary Taylor. It also contains Barboursville, the home of James Barbour, the 19th governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, after whom the community is named. The ruins of his home are now on land owned by one of the Piedmont region's wineries, Barboursville Vineyards. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 177.

The community is located at the intersection of VA 20 and US 33. Rural areas outside the community which use the Barboursville ZIP code include portions of Albemarle and Greene counties.

In addition to Barboursville, the Madison-Barbour Rural Historic District, Hampstead Farm Archeological District, and Burlington are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Burlington (Barboursville, Virginia)
Burlington is a historic plantation house located near Barboursville, Orange County, Virginia. The main house was built in 1851–1852, and is a two-story, three-bay, T-shaped residence with a shallow hipped roof in the Greek Revival style. It has a traditional I-house plan with an ell addition. The front facade features a portico with six Greek Ionic order columns with a plain entablature.  It has a Jeffersonian Chinese lattice balcony cantilevered on the second floor.  The exterior and interior detailing is derived almost entirely from Asher Benjamin's The Practical House Carpenter, 1830 edition.  The house was built by James Barbour Newman, nephew of Governor James Barbour.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Ruchi Ram Sahni
Ruchi Ram Sahni (5 April 1863 – 3 June 1948) was an Indian scientist and educationist active during the pre-partition era in Punjab. A pioneer meteorologist and physicist, he was the father of renowned paleobotanist Birbal Sahni.

Sahni
Sahani, Sawhney, Sahni, or Sahney is a Khatri surname found among the Hindus and Sikhs of Punjab,Bihar in India and Nepal. It is also used by people from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, other parts of Central India and Plains of Nepal.
Tombstone mentality
In aviation air safety, a tombstone mentality informally is a pervasive attitude of ignoring design defects until people have died because of them.

Strictly speaking, tombstone mentality decisions are examples where there is no incentive for an economic actor to be a 'first mover' and promote safety.  Sometimes this is a result of market pressures (nobody wants to pay for extra safety, despite their talk), or, it may be a result of legal disincentives such as product liability lawsuits (if a design change is made that is not government approved and somebody is injured, even if the design change was not the reason for the injury, the company may be liable).

Product liability
Product liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. Although the word "product" has broad connotations, product liability as an area of law is traditionally limited to products in the form of tangible personal property.
1994 Latvian Higher League
The 1994 season in the Latvian Higher League, named Virslīga, was the fourth domestic competition since the Baltic nation gained independence from the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991. Twelve teams competed in this edition, with Skonto FC claiming the title.

Skonto FC
Skonto FC was a Latvian professional football club, active from 1991 until 2016. The club played at the Skonto Stadium in Riga. Skonto won the Virsliga in the first 14 seasons of the league's resumption (15 in total), and often provided the core of the Latvia national football team. With those 14 national championships in a row, they set a European record, across men and women's football combined, until the women of Faroese club KÍ Klaksvík won their 14th championship in a row in 2013.

Following financial problems, the club was demoted to the Latvian First League in 2016 and went bankrupt in December of that year.
Sebeta City F.C.
Sebeta City (Oromo: Magaalaa sabbataa; Amharic: ሰበታ ከተማ, Sebeta Ketema) is a professional football club based in Sebeta, Ethiopia. They play in the Ethiopian Higher League, the second division of Ethiopian football.

Ethiopian Premier League
The Ethiopian Premier League (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ፕሪምየር ሊግ), known as the CBE Ethiopian Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is the top tier association football league of Ethiopia run by the Ethiopian Premier League Share Company (formerly the Ethiopian Football Federation from 1997 to 2020). Established in 1997 (1990 E.C.), it replaced the former first division (est. 1944). Contested by sixteen clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the other secondary and tertiary leagues in Ethiopia. The league has been an annual competition since the 1997–98 season with Saint George emerging as the country's leading club in this era with 15 titles (30 first division titles overall).
Attack on Amsterdam (1650)
The Attack on Amsterdam in July 1650 was part of a planned coup d'état by stadtholder William II, Prince of Orange to break the power of the regenten in the Dutch Republic, especially the County of Holland. The coup failed, because the army of the Frisian stadtholder William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz got lost on the way to Amsterdam in the rainy night of 29 to 30 July. It was discovered, and once the city had been warned, it had enough time to prepare for an attack. The attempted coup made the House of Orange extremely unpopular for a lengthy period of time, and was one of the main reasons for the origins of the First Stadtholderless Period (1650–1672).

William II, Prince of Orange
William II (Dutch: Willem II; 27 May 1626 – 6 November 1650) was sovereign Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Overijssel and Groningen in the United Provinces of the Netherlands from 14 March 1647 until his death three years later on 6 November 1650. His death marked the beginning of the First Stadtholderless Period, leading to the rise of Johan De Witt, who stayed in power for the next 22 years.

His only child, William III, reigned as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1689, following the Glorious Revolution. His son William also became Stadtholder of the Five Dutch Provinces in 1672, marking the end of the formentioned Stadtholderless Period.
Senior debt
In finance, senior debt is debt that takes priority over other unsecured or otherwise more "junior" debt owed by an issuer. Senior debt is frequently issued in the form of senior notes or referred to as senior loans. Senior debt has greater seniority in the issuer's capital structure than subordinated debt. In the event the issuer goes bankrupt, senior debt theoretically must be repaid before other creditors receive any payment.

Senior debt is often secured by collateral on which the lender has put in place a first lien. Usually this covers all the assets of a corporation and is often used for revolving credit lines. It is the debt that has priority for repayment in a liquidation.

It is a class of corporate debt that has priority with respect to interest and principal over other classes of debt and over all classes of equity by the same issuer.

Seniority (financial)
In finance, seniority refers to the order of repayment in the event of a sale or bankruptcy of the issuer. Seniority can refer to either debt or preferred stock. Senior debt must be repaid before subordinated (or junior) debt is repaid. Each security, either debt or equity, that a company issues has a specific seniority or ranking. Bonds that have the same seniority in a company's capital structure are described as being pari passu. Preferred stock is senior to common stock in a sale when preferred shareholders must receive back their preference, typically their original investment amount, before the common shareholders receive anything.
Convent of São Francisco (Vila do Porto)
The Convent of São Francisco, originally designated the Convent of Nossa Senhora da Vitória (which pertained to the Order of Saint Francis), located in the Largo of Nossa Senhora da Conceição, in the civil parish of Vila do Porto, municipality of the same name on the island of Santa Maria, in the Portuguese in the Azores.

Vila do Porto (parish)
Vila do Porto (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvilɐ ðu ˈpoɾtu]) is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila do Porto, located on the island of Santa Maria, in the Portuguese autonomous region of Azores. It is the southernmost and easternmost parish in the archipelago of Azores. The population in 2011 was 3,119, in an area of 25.55 km².
Strata Florida railway station
Strata Florida was a railway station in Wales, on the former Carmarthen to Aberystwyth Line; it served the villages of Ystrad Meurig, Pontrhydfendigaid and Ffair Rhos.
The Manchester and Milford Railway (M&MR) opened from Pencader to Aberystwyth on 12 August 1867; the line went into receivership from 1875 to 1900.
The site is now part of the Ystwyth Trail, a shared-use rail trail between Aberystwyth and Tregaron.

Manchester and Milford Railway
The Manchester and Milford Railway (M&MR) was a Welsh railway company, intended to connect Manchester and the industrial areas of North West England with a deep-water port on Milford Haven, giving an alternative to the Port of Liverpool.

Despite the title, it was planned to connect other railways at Llanidloes and Pencader, near Carmarthen, and achieve the object in its name by connections with other lines, most of which were only planned. The M&MR had continuous difficulty in raising capital and also in operating profitably but, thanks to a wealthy supporter, it opened from Pencader to Lampeter in 1866. Realising that its originally intended route to Llanidloes would be unprofitable, it diverted the course at the north end to Aberystwyth, which it reached in 1867.

Sunk by financial difficulties, it was eventually absorbed into the Great Western Railway in 1911. Passenger operation ceased in 1964 and milk trains ran to a creamery until final closure in 1973.
2009 California's 32nd congressional district special election
The 2009 California's 32nd congressional district special election was held July 14, 2009, to fill the vacancy in California's 32nd congressional district. The election was won by Democrat Judy Chu, who became the first Chinese American woman elected to serve in Congress.

Emanuel Pleitez
Emanuel Alberto Pleitez (born December 15, 1982) is an American politician and investor, best known for his candidacy in the 2013 Los Angeles mayoral election. Born and raised in South and East Los Angeles, Pleitez was the first of his family to attend college, graduating from Stanford University in 2006. Emanuel is a combat veteran and continues to serve in the United States Army Reserve. Emanuel is currently the Chairman of the Hispanic Heritage Foundation and Founder of East Los Capital, a technology-enabled private equity firm based in Los Angeles.
Titus (film)
Titus is a 1999 epic surrealist historical drama film written, co-produced, and directed by Julie Taymor in her feature directorial debut, based on William Shakespeare's tragedy Titus Andronicus. A co-production between Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the film stars Anthony Hopkins in the title role of Titus Andronicus, the Roman army general, chronicling his downfall following a victorious return from war.
It was produced by Overseas Filmgroup and Clear Blue Sky Productions and released by Fox Searchlight Pictures.

The film received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics and was a box-office bomb, grossing approximately $2.9 million worldwide against a budget of $18 million. At the 72nd Academy Awards, it received a nomination for the Best Costume Design.

Vulcan Productions
Vulcan Productions  produced documentary films, television programming and virtual reality experiences that drove awareness around environmental and social issues. The company was founded in 1997 by late Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and his sister Jody Allen. It closed in 2021.

The company financed and co-produced films with directors such as Martin Scorsese, Clint Eastwood and Robert Redford. Its films and TV series had aired on video on-demand services like Netflix, HBO and Hulu and across networks like The Discovery Channel and National Geographic. Films produced by Vulcan Productions won Peabody Awards and received Academy Award nominations. The company focused on raising awareness on issues like mental health, girl's education, veterans, parenting, wildlife conservation, ocean health, climate change and modern-day slavery.
Atsam language
Atsam (Tyap: Tsamyia̱, Hausa: Chawai, Cawai, Chawe), is a Kainji language of Nigeria. It is spoken by the Atsam people, mainly found in Kauru LGA of Kaduna State and Bassa LGA of Plateau State, Middle Belt, Nigeria.

Atsam people
The Atsam people (Tyap: A̱tsamyia̱; Hausa: Cawai, Chawai) are found mainly in Kauru Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Middle Belt (central) Nigeria. They speak the Atsam language, an East Kainji language. Their headquarters are in the town of Damakasuwa, a few kilometres from Chawai, west of the city of Jos.
Y'all So Stupid
Y'all So Stupid was an American alternative hip hop group based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was formed by H2O, Unkle Buk, Sha Boogie, Spearhead X and Logic in 1991. After performing extensively in Atlanta's underground circuit, the group was signed by Dallas Austin & L.A. Reid to Rowdy Records in 1992. Their debut album, Van Full of Pakistans, was released on May 25, 1993, The group disbanded shortly after.

In 1995, H2O formed the group Massinfluence with Audessey, Cognito and Spearhead X.

Rowdy Records
Rowdy Records is a record label distributed through Motown Records and Republic Records. It was founded by record producer Dallas Austin in 1992, and the precursor to his entertainment company, Freeworld Entertainment.
Nanatsuka Station
Nanatsuka Station (七塚駅, Nanatsuka-eki) is a passenger railway station  located in Nanatsuka-chō, in the city of Shōbara, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Shōbara
Shōbara (庄原市, Shōbara-shi) is a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 32,343 in 14984 households and a population density of 26 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,246.49 square kilometres (481.27 sq mi).
Dawn Macdonald
Dawn Macdonald (born 20th century) is a Canadian writer from Whitehorse, Yukon, who won the Canadian First Book Prize from the Griffin Poetry Prize for her debut poetry collection Northerny in 2025.

She is an institutional researcher at Yukon University.

Whitehorse
Whitehorse is the capital of Yukon, and the largest city in Northern Canada. It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1426 (Historic Mile 918) on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River, which rises in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in Alaska. The city was named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse.

Because of the city's location in the Whitehorse valley and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the climate tends to be milder. At this latitude, winter days are short and summer days have up to about 19 hours of daylight.

As of the 2021 Canadian census, the population was 28,201 within city boundaries and 31,913 in the census agglomeration. These figures represent approximately 70 and 79 percent, respectively, of the total population of Yukon.
Kasper Fosser
Kasper Harlem Fosser (born 1999) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor who represents Norwegian club IL Heming and Swedish club IFK Göteborg.

His achievements include winning the overall Orienteering World Cup three times, in 2021, 2022 and 2024, and four individual gold medals at the World Orienteering Championships.

He was awarded the Egebergs Ærespris in 2025.

IFK Göteborg (sports club)
Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Göteborg, commonly known as IFK Göteborg, is a Swedish multisports club located in Gothenburg. It was established on 4 October 1904, and today functions as an alliance association (Swedish: Alliansförening) for seven separate clubs competing in different sports. The club is best known for its professional football team, one of the most successful in the Nordic countries.
Kalavani
Kalavani (transl. Thief) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by newcomer A. Sarkunam. It stars Vimal and debutante Oviya, with Saranya Ponvannan, Ilavarasu, Ganja Karuppu, and Soori in supporting roles. The music was composed by S. S. Kumaran, with cinematography by Om Prakash and editing by Raja Mohammad.

The film was made on a shoestring budget, and released on 25 June 2010. It became a sleeper hit. The film was remade in Kannada as Kirataka (2011) with Oviya reprising her role and in Telugu as Umapathi (2023). A sequel, Kalavani 2, also directed by Sarkunam, with Vimal and Oviya reprising their roles, was released in 2019.

Ganja Karuppu
Karuppu Raja, known for his stage name Ganja Karuppu (born 5 January 1976), is an Indian actor who has predominantly appeared in comedy roles in Tamil cinema. After making his debut in Bala's Pithamagan (2003), Ganja Karuppu experienced success in the late 2000s with his roles in Raam (2005),  Sivakasi (2005), Paruthiveeran (2007), Subramaniyapuram (2008) and Naadodigal (2009).
COVID-19 pandemic in Finland
The COVID-19 pandemic in Finland has resulted in 1,512,665 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 11,466 deaths.

On 29 January 2020, the first case in Finland was confirmed, when a Chinese tourist visiting Ivalo from Wuhan tested positive for the virus.

As of 4 February 2023, a total of 13,233,644 vaccine doses have been administered.

Uusimaa
Uusimaa (Finnish: [ˈuːsimɑː]; Swedish: Nyland, Finland Swedish: [ˈnyːlɑnd]) is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Kanta-Häme, Päijät-Häme, and Kymenlaakso. Finland's capital and largest city, Helsinki, along with its surrounding metropolitan area, is located in the Uusimaa region, which is Finland's most populous region. Its population is 1,734,000.