hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhys ap Gruffudd (rebel)
Rhys ap Gruffudd (1508 – December 1531) was a powerful Welsh landowner who was accused of rebelling against King Henry VIII by plotting with James V of Scotland to become Prince of Wales. He was executed as a rebel. He married Lady Katherine Howard (b. abt 1499 Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, England), the daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and his second wife Agnes Tilney.

By this marriage, he became the uncle of Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Katherine Howard, and granduncle of Queen Elizabeth Tudor.

Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk
Agnes Howard (née Tilney) (c. 1477 – May 1545) was the second wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Two of King Henry VIII's queens were her step-granddaughters, Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard. Katherine Howard was placed in the Dowager Duchess's care after her mother's death.

Agnes' brother, Sir Philip Tilney of Shelley (d.1533), was the paternal grandfather of Edmund Tilney (1535/6–1610), Master of the Revels to Queen Elizabeth and King James. Edmund Tilney's mother, Malyn, was implicated in the scandal surrounding the downfall of Queen Katherine Howard.
Zogaj, Kukës
Zogaj is a village in the former municipality of Bytyç in Kukës County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a part of the municipality Tropojë. There are several chromium mines near the village.

Zogaj is part of the Bytyqi tribal territory, and is therefore situated in the Highlands of Gjakova. The village's name is derived from the personal name zog, which means 'bird' in Albanian. In early documents it was referred to as Bardonja.

Highlands of Gjakova
The Highlands of Gjakova or Gjakova Highlands (Albanian: Malësia e Gjakovës), known colloquially as Tropoja, refers to the mountainous ethnographic region in the eastern Albanian Alps that sits between north-eastern Albania and western Kosovo, serving as the historical centres of the Albanian Gashi, Krasniqi, Bytyçi, Morina, Nikaj and Mërturi tribes. Traditionally, parts of the Gjakova Highlands that are now located in southern Montenegro were used as pasturelands by the local Albanian tribes.
Montreal Children's Hospital
The Montreal Children's Hospital (French: Hôpital de Montréal pour enfants) is a pediatric hospital in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1904, it is affiliated with the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) and McGill University, Faculty of Medicine.

The hospital has 154 single-patient rooms, 52-bed neonatology unit, 6 operating rooms and 6 intervention rooms. It has two blocks. Block A has pediatric outpatient services. Block B has pediatric inpatient units, which include a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). It houses a pediatric emergency department, operating rooms and perioperative services, a day hospital and allied health services.

Services are available in French and English, as well as in over 300 other languages through interpretation services.

McGill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
The McGill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences is one of the constituent faculties of McGill University. It was established in 1829 after the Montreal Medical Institution was incorporated into McGill College as the college's first faculty; it was the first medical faculty to be established in Canada. The Faculty awarded McGill’s first degree, and Canada’s first medical degree, to William Leslie Logie in 1833.”

There have been at least two Nobel Prize laureates who have completed their entire education at McGill University including MD at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences including Andrew Schally (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977) and David H. Hubel (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981).
Amityville Memorial High School
Amityville Memorial High School is a public high school located in Amityville, New York, United States, on the south shore of Long Island. It is part of the Amityville Union Free School District, which includes the village of Amityville and portions of North Amityville and East Massapequa, as well as a section of Copiague. The school follows the New York State Regents guideline and offers Advanced Placement (AP) and Syracuse University credited courses.

The members of hip-hop group De La Soul were students of Amityville High School, and released their debut LP 3 Feet High and Rising soon after (1989). Eddie Reyes, founder of Taking Back Sunday, also hails from Amityville.

Lou Howard
Lou Howard (December 16, 1923 – January 25, 2016) was an American high school football coach and politician.  He is the only high school football coach in the Long Island Sports Hall of Fame. He was also a newspaper publisher, educator and aerospace instructor.
Sadko (musical tableau)
Sadko, Op. 5, is a Tableau musical, or Musical picture, by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, written in 1867 and revised in 1869 and 1892. It is sometimes called the first symphonic poem written in Russia. It was first performed in 1867 at a concert of the Russian Musical Society (RMS), conducted by Mily Balakirev. Rimsky-Korsakov later wrote an opera of the same name which quotes freely from the earlier work. From the tone poem the composer quoted its most memorable passages in the opera, including the opening theme of the swelling sea, and other themes as leitmotifs – he himself set out to "utilize for this opera the material of my symphonic poem, and, in any event, to make use of its motives as leading motives for the opera".

Symphonic poem
A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source. The German term Tondichtung (tone poem) appears to have been first used by the composer Carl Loewe in 1828. The Hungarian composer Franz Liszt first applied the term Symphonische Dichtung to his 13 works in this vein, which commenced in 1848.
Golyam Perelik
Golyam Perelik (Bulgarian: Голям Перелик [ɡoˈʎam pɛrɛˈlik]) is the highest peak in the Rhodope Mountains, situated 19 km to the west of Smolyan. It makes the Rhodopes the seventh highest Bulgarian mountain range after Rila, Pirin, Stara Planina, Vitosha, Osogovo and Slavyanka. The peak is easily accessible, but currently cannot be climbed because a unit of the Bulgarian Army is stationed in its vicinity.

Perelik Point on Robert Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Golyam Perelik.

Perelik Point
Perelik Point (Bulgarian: нос Перелик, ‘Nos Perelik’ \'nos pe-re-'lik\) is a point on the north side of the entrance to Kozloduy Cove and the southeast side of the entrance to Garnya Cove on the east coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

The point is projecting for 900 m into Nelson Strait, and is situated 1.4 km northwest of Kitchen Point and 1.2 km southeast of Smirnenski Point.  Bulgarian early mapping in 2009.

The feature is named after Golyam Perelik Peak in the Rhodope Mountains, southern Bulgaria.

62°22′33″S 59°21′43″W﻿ / ﻿62.37583°S 59.36194°W﻿ / -62.37583; -59.36194
Vladimir Simkhovitch
Vladimir Gregorievitch Simkhovitch (1874–1959) was an economist and Professor of Economic History and Economics at Columbia University. Simkhovich was seen in the 1930s as "the hard core of the old department," a difficult professor who "devoted much of his time and energy to creating and maintaining feuds." His 1908 book Marxism versus Socialism was lauded as being "a work of incomparable thoroughness."

Simkhovitch received his doctorate from Halle-Wittenberg in 1898. He was hired by Columbia University in 1904 to teach economic history. He also lectured about socialist economics and Marxism until he retired in 1942. He married Mary Melinda Kingsbury in New York City in 1899 and they had two children. He was an art collector and avid gardener.

Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch
Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch (September 8, 1867 – November 15, 1951) was an American city planner and social worker. She was one of the first members of the New York City Housing Authority, serving from its creation in 1934 until 1948.
Functional flow block diagram
A functional flow block diagram (FFBD) is a multi-tier, time-sequenced, step-by-step flow diagram of a system's functional flow. The term "functional" in this context is different from its use in functional programming or in mathematics, where pairing "functional" with "flow" would be ambiguous. Here, "functional flow" pertains to the sequencing of operations, with "flow" arrows expressing  dependence on the success of prior operations. FFBDs may also express input and output data dependencies between functional blocks, as shown in figures below, but FFBDs primarily focus on sequencing.

The FFBD notation was developed in the 1950s, and is widely used in classical systems engineering. FFBDs are one of the classic business process modeling methodologies, along with flow charts, data flow diagrams, control flow diagrams, Gantt charts, PERT diagrams, and IDEF.

FFBDs are also referred to as functional flow diagrams, functional block diagrams, and functional flows.

Business process modeling
Business process modeling (BPM) is the action of modeling processes of an enterprise. BPM is used to analyze, improve, and possibly automate business processes. BPM is typically performed by business analysts in collaboration with subject matter experts. It is primarily used in business process management, software development, and systems engineering. BPM can also be automatically generated through IT systems, such as event logs and other data.

BPM has many applications in business process management. There are multiple methods of modeling and notations that are recommended, BPMN being the most common.
1994–95 B Group
The 1994–95 B Group was the 39th season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system.

A total of 32 teams contested the league: 16 in the North B Group and 16 in the South B Group. Spartak Varna finished top of the North Group and Levski Kyustendil finished top of the South Group. Rakovski Ruse were promoted through the play-off.

FC Spartak Varna
FC Spartak Varna (Bulgarian: Футболен клуб „Спартак“ Варна) is a Bulgarian association football club based in Varna, which currently competes in the First League, the top level of Bulgarian football league system. Spartak plays its home matches at the local Stadion Spartak.

Founded in 1918, Spartak Varna established itself as one of the early pioneering clubs in Bulgarian football. Spartak won the Bulgarian league in 1932, and was runner up in 1931 and 1933. Spartak has spent the majority of its existence in the first tier of Bulgarian football, with the club’s most recent top flight participation being season 2022–2023.

Spartak's nickname is the "Falcons", and the club has a rivalry with fellow Varna-based club, Cherno More Varna. Matches between the two sides are known as the "Derby of Varna". The two sides even used to share the Yuri Gagarin Stadium before it was demolished.
Meža
The Meža (Slovene) or Mieß (German; pronounced [miːs] ⓘ) is a river in the Austrian state of Carinthia and in Slovenia, a right tributary of the Drava. It is 43 kilometers (27 mi) long, of which 42 kilometers (26 mi) are in Slovenia. Its catchment area is 551.7 square kilometers (213.0 sq mi), of which 543 square kilometers (210 sq mi) in Slovenia.

Carinthia
Carinthia (German: Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ⓘ; Slovene: Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ⓘ or avstrijska Koroška; Italian: Carinzia [kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main Ridge, near the Plöcken Pass. The main language is Austrian German, with its non-standard dialects belonging to the Southern Bavarian group; Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
Sonic Flower Groove
Sonic Flower Groove is the debut studio album by the Scottish rock band Primal Scream, released on 5 October 1987 by Elevation Records. Mayo Thompson of Red Krayola was the producer of the album, after work with Stephen Street did not please the band. Musically, Sonic Flower Groove features psychedelic, Byrdsy jangle pop, being the only Primal Scream album to feature founding member Jim Beattie (credited as Jim Navajo).

The album sold well enough to reach number 62 on the UK Albums Chart, but performed poorly by major-label standards. The disappointment was a major reason for the original Primal Scream splitting up shortly after Sonic Flower Groove, leaving vocalist Bobby Gillespie and the guitar duo of Andrew Innes and Robert "Throb" Young to reorganize the band.

Elevation Records
Elevation was a record label set up as a joint venture between Creation Records and WEA in 1987.  Frustrated with the limitations of independent distribution and financing, Alan McGee set up the label to get wider distribution and sales for some of the bands on Creation, with a view to generating additional funds for investment in other Creation artists. The label released albums and several singles by Primal Scream, The Weather Prophets, and Edwyn Collins, although the deal with WEA collapsed due to disappointing sales.

McGee described the label shortly after its collapse as his "biggest mistake", saying that WEA expected instant hits.
Air Seychelles
Air Seychelles is the national airline of the Republic of Seychelles. Its head office is located at Seychelles International Airport on the island of Mahé and it operates inter-island and international flights and charter flights.

Mahé
Mahé is the largest island of Seychelles, with an area of 157.3 square kilometres (60.7 sq mi), lying in the northeast of the Seychellois nation in the Somali Sea part of the Indian Ocean. The population of Mahé was 77,000, as of the 2010 census. It contains the capital city of Victoria and accommodates 86% of the country's total population.  The island was named after Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, a French governor of Isle de France (modern-day Mauritius).
Battle of Cotton Plant
The Battle of Cotton Plant also known as Action at Hill's Plantation or Action at Cache River or Action at Round Hill (July 7, 1862) was fought during the American Civil War in Woodruff County, Arkansas. Frustrated in its attempt to march to Little Rock by a lack of supplies, the Union Army of the Southwest under the command of Samuel Ryan Curtis moved south down the White River. Curtis's army encountered a Confederate force led by Albert Rust on the east bank of the Cache River near Cotton Plant. Rust was only able to bring two Texas cavalry regiments into action. These horsemen attacked the Federal advance guard under Charles Edward Hovey, but after a spirited fight, Union reinforcements arrived and drove off the Texans. Rust's force made a disorderly retreat and Curtis's army was able to march south to Clarendon before veering east to occupy Helena on the Mississippi River.

Cache River (Arkansas)
The Cache River is a tributary of the White River, 213 mi (343 km) long, in northeastern Arkansas in the United States.  Its headwaters also drain a small portion of southeastern Missouri.  Via the White River, the Cache is part of the Mississippi River watershed, placing the river and surrounding watershed in the Arkansas Delta.
Al-Shawkani
Muḥammad ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah, better known as al-Shawkani (Arabic: الشوكاني) (11 July 1759–30 October 1834) was a prominent Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, theologian and reformer. Al-Shawkani was one of the most influential proponents of Athari theology and is respected as one of their canonical scholars by Salafi Muslims. His teachings played a major role in the emergence of the Salafi movement. Influenced by the teachings of the medieval Hanbali scholar Ibn Taymiyya, al-Shawkani became noteworthy for his staunch stances against the practice of Taqlid (imitation to legal schools), calls for direct interpretation of Scriptures, opposition to Kalam (speculative theology) as well as for his robust opposition to various Sufi practices which he condemned as Shirk (idolatry).

Qasimid State
The Qasimid State (Arabic: الدولة القاسمية), also known as the Imamate of Yemen, was a state in South Arabia which was ruled by the Imams of Yemen. It was founded by Imam al-Mansur al-Qasim in 1597, absorbed much of the Ottoman-ruled Yemen Eyalet by 1628, and then completely expelled the Ottomans from Yemen by 1638. The Qasimid State continued to exist into 18th and 19th century, but gradually fractured into separate small states. The most notable of those states was the Sultanate of Lahej; most of those states (except Lahej) were submitted by the Ottomans and incorporated into the restored Ottoman province of Yemen Eyalet in 1849.
Wild Heart (Mindi Abair album)
Wild Heart is the seventh full-length solo studio album by American musician Mindi Abair. Released on May 27, 2014, Wild Heart marks Abair's fourth release on Concord Records imprint, Heads Up International. The album debuted at number 1 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart, staying there for two weeks.   Wild Heart received a 2015 Grammy nomination in the Contemporary Instrumental Album category, Abair's second Grammy nomination.

Trombone Shorty
Troy Andrews (born January 2, 1986), also known by the stage name Trombone Shorty, is an American musician, most notably a trombone player, from New Orleans, Louisiana. His music fuses rock, pop, jazz, funk, and hip hop.
Sadanand Bakre
Sadanand Bakre (S. K. Bakre) (10 November 1920 – 18 December 2007) was an Indian painter and sculptor.

Bakre was born in Baroda, and was one of the founders of the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group, the pioneers of modern art in India. In 1951, he went to Britain, where he soon gave up sculpture and concentrated on painting. He had a one-man exhibition at the Commonwealth Institute (1951), another at Gallery One (1959), and four at the Nicholas Treadwell Gallery (1969–1975).

Bakre returned to India in 1975. In his later years he became a recluse, but he received a lifetime achievement award from the Bombay Art Society in 2004. He died from a heart attack in Murud-Harnai in the Ratnagiri district in 2007.

Bombay Art Society
The Bombay Art Society is a non-profit art organization based in Mumbai. The institution was founded in 1888 for encouraging and promoting art. Most of the renowned artists on India's art scene have been associated with the Bombay Art Society in some way.
Jairton Dupont
Jairton Dupont (born 16 December 1958, in Farroupilha) is a Brazilian chemist whose research concerns ionic liquids, organometallic catalysis, and metallic nanoparticles. Currently, he is a professor at UFRGS.

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS) is a Brazilian public federal research university based in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. UFRGS is among the largest and highest-rated universities in Brazil, having one of the largest number of scientific publications. From 2012 to 2019, the university was elected as the best federal university of Brazil. UFRGS has over 31,000 undergraduate students, over 12,000 graduate students, and more than 2,600 faculty members. As a Brazilian public federal institution, students do not pay tuition fees to enroll in courses offered by the university.

Among the main alumni affiliated with UFRGS, there are three former presidents of Brazil, former state governors, former members of the Supreme Federal Court, members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters and important Brazilian actors, musicians and journalists.
Douglas Livingstone (poet)
Douglas Livingstone (5 January 1932 – 19 February 1996) was a South African poet.

He was born in Kuala Lumpur, but his family moved to Natal after his father was taken prisoner during the Japanese invasion of Malaya. He attended Kearsney College and in 1964, he started work as a marine biologist in Durban. He gained two doctorates from the University of Natal; one for his scientific work and an honorary one for his poetry.

Kearsney College
Kearsney College is a private boarding, English medium high school for boys in Botha's Hill, a small town between the provincial capital of Pietermaritzburg and Durban, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
Elias Wessén
Elias Wessén (15 April 1889 – 30 January 1981) was a prominent Swedish linguist and a professor of Scandinavian languages at Stockholm University (1928–1956). In 1947, he was honoured with seat 16 in the Swedish Academy, which he held until his death.

His earliest work concerned morphological problems in the Germanic languages, Onomasiology and Norse mythology. He published parts of Sveriges runinskrifter, editions of medieval texts and together with Åke Holmbäck, a translation of the Swedish medieval province laws (with commentaries). He published several reference works, such as Svensk språkhistoria in three tomes, and a grammar for modern Swedish Vårt svenska språk. In 1944, he initiated Nämnden för svensk språkvård (nowadays Språkrådet, the Swedish Language Council).

Sveriges runinskrifter
Sveriges runinskrifter (English: "Sweden's rune inscriptions", ISSN 0562-8016) is a multi-volume catalog of rune inscriptions found in various Swedish provinces. The earliest volume of this ongoing series dates to 1900, and, by 1981, 15 volumes had been published.

Sveriges runinskrifter established the standard cataloging system for Swedish rune inscriptions. Each inscription is identified by a province code and a catalog number. For example:

U 11 - Uppland rune inscription 11

Ög 179 - Östergötland rune inscription 179

Today, this cataloging system is used by electronic databases such as Rundata and commonly seen in scholarly publications. This cataloging system has also been imitated and extended by scholars in other countries.
Madeira Natural Park
The  Madeira Natural Park (Portuguese: Parque Natural da Madeira) is a large biological reserve in Madeira with a unique endemic flora and fauna.  It was created in 1982 to safeguard the natural heritage of the archipelago, and contains a number of endangered species including global rarities such as Zino's petrel. This nature park encompasses nearly two-thirds of the territory of the island of Madeira, and within it are nature reserves, protected landscapes and leisure zones. Its key habitat is the laurel forest. Madeira's evergreen forests were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.

Madeira evergreen forests
The Madeira evergreen forests is a laurissilva ecoregion of southwestern Europe. It covers the archipelago of Madeira and some nearby islands (Desertas and Selvagens) in the Atlantic Ocean. Laurel forest (Laurisilva) once covered the islands. Over centuries the laurel forests were mostly cleared. Madeira's remaining forests are now protected.