hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Æ
Æ (lowercase: æ) is a character formed from the letters a and e, originally a ligature representing the Latin diphthong ae. It has been promoted to the status of a letter in some languages, including Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese. It was also used in both Old Swedish, before being replaced by ä, and Old English, where it was eventually dropped entirely in favour of a. The modern International Phonetic Alphabet uses it to represent the near-open front unrounded vowel (the sound represented by the 'a' in English words such as cat). Diacritic variants include Ǣ/ǣ, Ǽ/ǽ, Æ̀/æ̀, Æ̂/æ̂ and Æ̃/æ̃.

As a letter of the Old English Latin alphabet, it was called æsc, "ash tree", after the Anglo-Saxon futhorc rune ᚫ which it transliterated; its traditional name in English is still ash, or æsh (Old English: æsċ) if the ligature is included.

Ansuz (rune)
Ansuz is the conventional name given to the a-rune of the Elder Futhark, ᚨ.
The name is based on Proto-Germanic *ansuz, denoting a deity belonging to the principal pantheon in Germanic paganism.

The shape of the rune is likely from Neo-Etruscan a (), like Latin A ultimately from Phoenician aleph.
Central Falls Mill Historic District
The Central Falls Mill Historic District is located between Roosevelt Avenue and the Blackstone River in Central Falls, Rhode Island.  It encompasses a collection of six mill buildings, as well as a stone dam which impounds the river, representing the finest mill constructions in the city during the 19th century.  The layout of the buildings, whose short ends face the river and Roosevelt Avenue, was defined by a series of trenches (now filled in) which channeled water from the river to power the machinery of the mills.  The oldest building dates to 1825, and the most recent to c. 1910; all have been modified to some extent by later industrial tenants.

The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and was enlarged in 2018.

Central Falls, Rhode Island
Central Falls is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 22,583 at the 2020 census. With an area of only 1.29 square miles (3.3 km2), it is the smallest and most densely populated city in the smallest state, and the 23rd most densely populated incorporated place in the United States.

It is one of only four incorporated places in New England that have a higher population density than the city of Boston, ranking second, behind the Massachusetts city of Somerville, an inner suburb of Boston. The city takes its name from a waterfall on the Blackstone River.

Central Falls went into receivership in May 2010, then filed for bankruptcy in August 2011. After cutting jobs and services, it came out of bankruptcy in September 2012.
Chief of the General Staff (Kuwait)
The General Staff H.Q. of the Kuwait Army (Arabic: رئاسة الأركان العامة للجيش الكويتي) redesignated in 1953 following formation in 1949, is a management department of the Kuwait Armed Forces, the national military of the State of Kuwait. The Chief of the General Staff (Arabic: رئيس هيئة الأركان العامة) is the senior combat military officer governing doctrines of the Kuwait Army, the Kuwait Air Force and the Kuwait Naval Force, but excludes the Kuwait National Guard, the Kuwait Police and Kuwait Fire Service Directorate. He is appointed by the Kuwait Defense Minister, a deputy prime minister, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Kuwait; the latter is appointed by the Emir of Kuwait, the Commander-in-chief of the Military of Kuwait.

Kuwait Police
The Kuwait Police (Arabic: شرطة الكويت) is the national police force of the State of Kuwait. It is an agency of the Ministry of Interior of Kuwait, which maintains the national security envelope, defense of land border, coastal and the rule of law in Kuwait. The Kuwait Police Agency was established in 1938 by Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah as the Directorate of Public Security Force.
Chieri
Chieri (Italian: [ˈkjɛːri]; Piedmontese: Cher) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont (Italy), located about 11 kilometres (7 miles) southeast of Turin, 15 km (9 mi) by rail and 13 km (8 mi) by road. It borders the following municipalities: Baldissero Torinese, Pavarolo, Montaldo Torinese, Pino Torinese, Arignano, Andezeno, Pecetto Torinese, Riva presso Chieri, Cambiano, Santena, and Poirino.

Cambiano
Cambiano (Piedmontese: Cambiagn) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southeast of Turin.

Cambiano borders the following municipalities: Pino Torinese, Chieri, Pecetto Torinese, Moncalieri, Trofarello, Santena, and Villastellone.
The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan
The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan (also known as Gilbert & Sullivan and The Great Gilbert and Sullivan) is a 1953 British musical drama film dramatisation of the collaboration between Gilbert and Sullivan. Librettist W. S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan, portrayed by Robert Morley and Maurice Evans, co-wrote fourteen extraordinarily successful comic operas, later referred to as the Savoy Operas, which continue to be popular today.

The film, directed by Sidney Gilliat, is based on Leslie Baily's The Gilbert and Sullivan Book, and Baily co-wrote the screenplay with Gilliat. Shot in Technicolor, it was produced by Gilliat and Frank Launder for London Films in time to mark the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. The film was a box-office failure.

Wilfrid Hyde-White
Wilfrid Hyde-White (né Hyde White; 12 May 1903 – 6 May 1991) was an English actor. Described by Philip French as a "classic British film archetype", Hyde-White often portrayed droll and urbane upper-class characters. He had an extensive stage and screen career in both the United Kingdom and the United States, and portrayed over 160 film and television roles between 1935 and 1987. He was twice nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play, in 1957 for The Reluctant Debutante and in 1973 for The Jockey Club Stakes.
Herit
Herit was an ancient Egyptian princess of the Second Intermediate Period. She was most likely the daughter of the Hyksos-ruler Apepi who was the most important king of the 15th Dynasty.

The names of the king and of Herit appear on the fragment of a stone vessel found in a Theban tomb (Tomb ANB) excavated by Howard Carter sometimes regarded as the one of king Amenhotep I. This finding led to speculation that Herit may have been married to a Theban king of the 17th Dynasty. The vase, however, may just as well have been an item which was looted from Avaris after the eventual victory over the Hyksos by Ahmose I.

On the vessel Herit bears the title king's daughter. Her name is written in a cartouche, a privilege not granted to all members of the royal family. Nothing else is known about her. The fragment of the stone vessel is today in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (21.7.7).

Apepi
Apepi (Greek Apophis) was a Hyksos ruler of Lower Egypt during the Fifteenth Dynasty and the late Second Intermediate Period. He can be archaeologically associated with Tell el-Daba Stratum D/3 and the Middle Bronze IIC in the Southern Levant.

According to the Turin Canon of Kings, he reigned over the northern portion of Egypt for forty years during the early half of the 16th century BC. Although officially only in control of the Lower Kingdom, Apepi in practice dominated the majority of Egypt during the early portion of his reign. He outlived his southern rival, Kamose, but not Ahmose I.
Grantham Yorke
Christianity portal

Grantham Munton Yorke (14 February 1809 – 2 October 1879) was Dean of Worcester from 1874 until his death.

Yorke was the fourth son of Admiral Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke. He was educated at Charterhouse School, and had a career in the army, enlisting in 1826 and retiring at the rank of Lieutenant in 1833. He was admitted to Queens' College, Cambridge in 1832, and to Trinity College Dublin in 1834, and was ordained deacon in 1835 and priest in 1837.

In 1844 he became the incumbent at St Philip, Birmingham, a post he held until his elevation to the Deanery.

His daughter Constance Ellen married the Rev. William Henry Lyttelton (1820–1884).

Joseph Sydney Yorke
Admiral Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke KCB (6 June 1768 – 5 May 1831) was an officer of the Royal Navy. As a junior officer he saw action at the Battle of the Saintes in April 1782 during the American Revolutionary War. He commanded HMS Stag at the defeat of the Dutch fleet in August 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars and went on to be First Naval Lord during the closing stages of the Napoleonic Wars.
William Hoof
William Hoof (c.1788-1855) was a British civil engineer.

He began his career with Daniel Pritchard and later became his son-in-law. In the 1820s, they founded Pritchard and Hoof, who specialised in building canal tunnels, including some of the most important of the era.

Pritchard and Hoof were the contractor for the construction of the reservoirs of the East London Waterworks at Lea Bridge from 1829-34. They were the contractors for the Wigan Branch Railway constructed in 1830-32.

In the 1830s, Pritchard and Hoof split, and Hoof changed to building railway tunnels and cuttings, as Hoof and Sons. When his eldest son James died, this became Hoof and Hill, working with Thomas and James Hill, where work included the "notoriously difficult" London-Croydon railway.

On 11 August 1855, Hoof died at home, Madeley House, Kensington, London, of apoplexy. He was survived by four of his children, Egmont, Alfred, Mary Ann and Fanny Elizabeth.

Wigan Branch Railway
The Wigan Branch Railway was a short-lived early British railway company, formed in 1830 and operating from 1832 to 1834 in Lancashire. It was constructed to link Wigan and the surrounding coalfield to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR). It was involved in the first parliamentary approved amalgamation of railways to become part of the North Union Railway. Most of the line eventually became part of the West Coast Main Line (WCML).
Burgães
Burgães is a former civil parish in the municipality of Santo Tirso, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish of Santo Tirso, Couto (Santa Cristina e São Miguel) e Burgães. It is located in the northeast of the city of Santo Tirso. As of the 2001 census, the population was 2,244 and the area was 5.06 km².

The parish has several industrial facilities.

Santo Tirso, Couto (Santa Cristina e São Miguel) e Burgães
Santo Tirso, Couto (Santa Cristina e São Miguel) e Burgães is a civil parish in the municipality of Santo Tirso, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Santo Tirso, Couto (Santa Cristina), Couto (São Miguel) and Burgães. The population in 2011 was 21,538, in an area of 25.22 km2.
Chang (monster)
A chang is a kind of Chinese ghost or zombie who lures others to their death. Most often, changs are the spirits of those killed by tigers, enslaved by the beast that killed them and unable to find release until they find a new victim for the tiger, who then takes their place. In some tellings, the chang performs a similar role after drowning. It was described in Tang Peizheng's Song-era Taiping Guangji.

The chang appears in the Chinese idioms "act the chang for the tiger" (為虎作倀, 为虎作伥, "to help evil people") and "wolves can't go without beis and tigers can't bite without changs" (狼無狽不行，虎無倀不噬, 狼无狈不行，虎无伥不噬, "evil people can't succeed on their own").

Undead
The undead are beings in mythology, legend, or fiction that are deceased but behave as if they were alive. A common example of an undead being is a corpse reanimated by supernatural forces, by the application of either the deceased's own life force or that of a supernatural being (such as a demon, or other evil spirit). The undead may be incorporeal (ghosts) or corporeal (mummies, vampires, skeletons,  and zombies).

The undead are featured in the belief systems of most cultures, and appear in many works of fantasy and horror fiction. The term is also occasionally used for real-life attempts to resurrect the dead with science and technology, from early experiments like Robert E. Cornish's to future sciences such as "chemical brain preservation" and "cryonics." While the term usually refers to corporeal entities, in some cases (for example, in Dungeons & Dragons), the term also includes incorporeal forms of the dead, such as ghosts.
Song of Songs (2005 film)
Song of Songs is a 2005 film directed by Josh Appignanesi and written by Josh Appignanesi and Jay Basu.  It stars Natalie Press and Joel Chalfen.  Press plays a devoutly orthodox Jewish young woman who tries to bring her estranged, secular brother back into the fold.

Made in the UK, it was released there in February 2006 after winning a special commendation for Best British Film at the Edinburgh International Film Festival 2005 and a nomination for the Tiger Awards at the International Film Festival Rotterdam (2006).  The film was produced by Gayle Griffiths who won the Alfred Dunhill UK Talent Film Award at the London Film Festival 2005 for the production.

Natalie Press
Natalie Press (born 15 August 1980) is an English actress. She is known for her performance in the 2004 film My Summer of Love and a number of short and feature-length independent films, including Wasp (2003), which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. In 2008, her performance in Fifty Dead Men Walking earned her a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female. In 2010, she was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in the three-hour BBC miniseries Five Daughters.
Mu Kanazaki
Mu Kanazaki (金崎 夢生, Kanazaki Mū; born 16 February 1989) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays for Japan Football League club Verspah Oita. He scored the two goals that won the 2016 J1 League final for Kashima Antlers over Urawa Red Diamonds.

2008 J.League Cup
The 2008 edition of the J. League Cup, officially the 2008 J.League Yamazaki Nabisco Cup, sponsored by Nabisco began on March 20. The top team in each of the four qualifying group automatically qualified for the quarter-finals along with the best two remaining runners-up. Both Gamba Osaka and Kashima Antlers received a bye to the quarter-final stage due to their participation in the group stage of the Asian Champions League.

Oita Trinita defeated Shimizu S-Pulse 2–0 in the final on November 1 at the Tokyo National Stadium. They qualified for the 2009 Pan-Pacific Championship and the 2009 Suruga Bank Championship.
Warren Towers
Warren Towers is one of the three Boston University dormitories traditionally intended for underclassmen, the others being The Towers and West Campus. The building is located at central campus, next to the College of Communication (COM) and across from the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS). Housing approximately 1800 students, it is the second-largest non-military dormitory in the country, behind Jester Center at The University of Texas at Austin. The closest MBTA stop is Boston University East on the Green Line B branch, located directly in front of B and C Towers, in a center reservation on Commonwealth Avenue.

Boston University East station
Boston University East station is a surface-level light rail station on the MBTA Green Line B branch located in Boston, Massachusetts. The station is located in the center median of Commonwealth Avenue, between Granby Street and the eastern end of Cummington Street, surrounded by the Boston University campus. It consists of two side platforms, which serve the B branch's two tracks.
Mahmud II (Seljuk sultan)
Mughith al-Dunya wa'l-Din Mahmud bin Muhammad (b. 1104 – 11 September 1131) known as Mahmud II was the Seljuk sultan of Iraq from 1118–1131 following the death of his father Muhammad I Tapar. At the time Mahmud was fourteen, and ruled over Iraq and Persia.

Seljuk dynasty
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (/ˈsɛldʒʊk/ SEL-juuk; Turkish: Selçuklular, Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian,) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that culturally became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture.

The founder of the Seljuk dynasty, Seljuk Beg, was a descendant of a royal Khazar chief Tuqaq who served as advisor to the King of the Khazars, in West Asia and Central Asia. The Seljuks established the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194), the Sultanate of Kermân (1041–1186) and the Sultanate of Rum (1074–1308), which stretched from Iran to Anatolia and were the prime targets of the First Crusade.
Mały Mędromierz
Mały Mędromierz [ˈmawɨ mɛnˈdrɔmjɛʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuchola, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania.

Gmina Tuchola
Gmina Tuchola is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Tuchola, which lies approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

The gmina covers an area of 239.43 square kilometres (92.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 20,076 (out of which the population of Tuchola amounts to 13,935, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,141).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Tuchola Landscape Park.
2024 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
The 2024 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series was the 30th season of the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, a pickup truck racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season started on February 16 with the Fresh From Florida 250 at Daytona International Speedway and ended with the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series Championship Race on November 8 at Phoenix Raceway.

Ben Rhodes of ThorSport Racing entered the season as the defending NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series champion. Christian Eckes claimed the regular season championship. In addition, Layne Riggs of Front Row Motorsports won NASCAR Rookie of the Year honors. Ty Majeski of ThorSport Racing won his first Truck Series championship at season's end.

Layne Riggs
Layne Griffin Riggs (born June 11, 2002) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, driving the No. 34 Ford F-150 for Front Row Motorsports. He is the 2022 NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series national champion and is the son of former NASCAR driver Scott Riggs.
Mendocino Steam Donkeys Rugby Football Club
Founded in 2006, the Mendocino Steam Donkey Rugby Football Club is the first official Northern California Rugby Football Union team in Mendocino County. Based in Ukiah, California, the team is county-wide.

The men's side competes seasonally in Division III of the Northern California Rugby Football Union (NCRFU), a division of USA Rugby. Each year the Steam Donkeys play 12 matches in the division III northern California league against Redding, Humboldt County, San Francisco, Santa Rosa, Napa, and Yreka.

Ukiah, California
Ukiah (/juːˈkaɪə/ yoo-KY-ə; Pomo: Yokáya, meaning "deep valley" or "south valley") is the county seat of and the largest city in Mendocino County, in the North Coast region of California. Ukiah had a population of 16,607 at the 2020 census. With its accessible location along the U.S. Route 101 corridor, Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring Lake County.
Ohmi Railway Main Line
The Ohmi Railway Main Line (近江鉄道本線, Ōmi Tetsudō hon-sen) is a regional railway line in Shiga Prefecture operated by the private railway operator Ohmi Railway. It connects the cities of Maibara and Koka. Its alignment is parallel with the Tōkaidō Shinkansen between Takamiya and Gokasho.

The line is 47.7 kilometres (29.6 mi) long, extending from Maibara to Kibukawa. The line connects with the JR Central Tōkaidō Main Line and Tōkaidō Shinkansen, and the JR West Hokuriku Main Line and Biwako Line at Maibara, and the JR West Kusatsu Line and the Shigaraki Kōgen Railway Shigaraki Line at Kibukawa.

Maibara Station
Maibara Station (米原駅, Maibara-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station located in the city of Maibara, Shiga, Japan. On the border between West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), it is jointly operated by both companies, along with the private railway operator Ohmi Railway. It is also a freight depot for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).
Lazarus You Heung-sik
Lazarus You Heung-sik (or Lazzaro; Korean: 유흥식; born 17 November 1951) is a South Korean prelate of the Catholic Church who has served as Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy since 2021. He is the first Korean to head a department of the Roman Curia. He previously served as Bishop of Daejeon from 2005 to 2021, after two years as a coadjutor bishop under Bishop Joseph Kyeong Kap-ryong. You was created a cardinal by Pope Francis in 2022.

Diocese of Daejeon (Catholic)
The Diocese of Daejeon (Latin: Dioecesis Taeieonensis, Hangul: 천주교 대전교구) is a Latin Catholic diocese of the Catholic Church in South Korea. It is the diocese for Daejeon, South Korea. Augustinus Kim Jong-soo has been appointed its bishop; Stephanus Han Jung-hyun is auxiliary bishop.
Silk Road Fund
The Silk Road Fund (Chinese: 丝路基金) is a China Government Guidance Fund to foster increased investment in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (formerly One Belt, One Road), an economic development initiative primarily covering Eurasia. The Chinese government pledged US$40 billion for the creation of the investment fund, established on 29 December 2014.

China Development Bank
China Development Bank (CDB) is a policy bank of China under the State Council. Established in 1994, it has been described as the engine that powers the national government's economic development policies. It has raised funds for numerous large-scale infrastructure projects, including the Three Gorges Dam and the Shanghai Pudong International Airport.

The bank is the second-largest bond issuer in China after the Ministry of Finance. In 2009, it accounted for about a quarter of the country's yuan bonds and is the biggest foreign-currency lender. CDB debt is owned by local banks and treated as a risk-free asset under the proposed People's Republic of China capital adequacy rules (i.e. the same treatment as PRC government bonds).
Leo Stefanos
Leo Stefanos was the owner of Dove Candies & Ice Cream in Chicago and the inventor of the Dove chocolate bar.

Born in Greece, Stefanos settled on Chicago's South Side to raise a family. According to Dove Chocolate company lore, he was frightened when his young son, Michael, raced recklessly down the street in pursuit of the neighborhood ice cream truck and decided to make his own ice cream bar in hope of keeping Michael and his brother and sister, Chris and Amy, closer to home. Michael took over his father's business in 1977. The blocky chocolate-covered bars were sold only in the Chicago area until after Stefano's death, when his son expanded the business and then sold it to Mars, Incorporated in 1986.

Dove (chocolate brand)
Dove is an American brand of chocolate owned and manufactured by Mars. Dove produces a wide range of chocolate candies, as well as other chocolate products such as milks, cakes and ice creams. In some markets around the world, Mars sells the products under the Galaxy name.