hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mitrofanoff principle
In urology, the Mitrofanoff principle is the creation of a passageway for urine or enema fluid that, by its (surgical) construction, has a valve mechanism to allow continence.

Procedures which make use of the Mitrofanoff principle:

Mitrofanoff procedure

Malone antegrade continence enema

Monti procedure

Mitrofanoff procedure
The Mitrofanoff procedure, also known as the Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy, is a surgical procedure in which the appendix is used to create a conduit, or channel, between the skin surface and the urinary bladder. The small opening on the skin surface, or the stoma, is typically located either in the navel or nearby the navel on the right lower side of the abdomen. Originally developed by Professor Paul Mitrofanoff in 1980, the procedure represents an alternative to urethral catheterization and is sometimes used by people with urethral damage or by those with severe autonomic dysreflexia. An intermittent catheter, or a catheter that is inserted and then removed after use, is typically passed through the channel every 3–4 hours and the urine is drained into a toilet or a bottle. As the bladder fills, rising pressure compresses the channel against the bladder wall, creating a one-way valve that prevents leakage of urine between catheterizations.
Chavakkad Beach
Chavakkad Beach is a beach in Chavakkad Municipality of Thrissur District in the Indian state of Kerala. It lies on the Arabian Sea coast and attracts tourists. The beach is situated 5 Kilometers from Guruvayoor Temple Sri Krishna Temple. At this beach the river meets the sea forming an estuary. The meeting point is known as Azhimukham in Malayalam. It is counted amongst Kerala’s most popular beaches because it is unexplored by domestic tourists.

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
Independence USA (TV series)
Independence USA is a reality series that follows Frank Belcastro and his family as they prepare to live life "off the grid," in the event of a potential catastrophe. On January 18, 2012, the series premiered on GBTV (now known as TheBlaze TV), Glenn Beck's live streaming video network.  The show lasted one season.

Originally Independence USA was called Apocalypse PA and was aired on the History Channel. The first episode aired on the History Channel on November 16, 2010.

Independence USA is produced by Steve Rotfeld Productions (SRP).

Steve Rotfeld Productions
Steve Rotfeld Productions (SRP) is an America television production, stock footage, and broadcast syndication company based in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. The company was founded in 1985 by president Steve Rotfeld. SRP currently produces six  educational/informational (E/I)-compliant series through its syndication division: Wild About Animals, Awesome Adventures, Whaddyado, Chat Room, and Animal Science. Additionally, SRP is currently producing one-hour quarterly specials of its popular sports programs, Greatest Sports Legends and Sports Gone Wild. Since 1985, SRP's programs have appeared in national broadcast syndication and on major cable channels such as TLC, ESPN, Animal Planet, truTV, and the Travel Channel.
Caffenol
Caffenol is a photographic alternative process whereby phenols, sodium carbonate and optionally vitamin C are used in aqueous solution as a film and print photographic developer.

Other basic (as opposed to acidic) chemicals can be used in place of sodium carbonate; however, sodium carbonate is the most common.

There are many formulas for caffenol, all based on preparations that contain caffeic acid (i.e., coffee or tea) and a pH modifier, most often sodium carbonate. The chemistry of caffenol developers is based on the action of the reducing agent caffeic acid, which is chemically unrelated to caffeine.

Alternative process
An alternative process is a non-traditional or non-commercial photographic printing process.  Currently, the standard analog photographic printing process for black-and-white photographs is the gelatin silver process. Standard digital processes include the pigment print, and digital laser exposures on traditional color photographic paper.

Alternative processes often overlap with historical, or non-silver processes. Most of these processes were invented over 100 years ago and were used by early photographers.

Many contemporary photographers are revisiting alternative processes and applying new technologies (the digital negative) and practices to these techniques.
Favona
Favona is a mostly industry-dominated suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, and is part of the Māngere area. The suburb is in the Manukau ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland city, and is under governance of the Auckland Council.

Hugh Mosman
Hugh Mosman (11 February 1843 – 15 November 1909) was a mine owner and politician in Queensland, Australia. He discovered gold in Charters Towers. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council.
Dave Orams
David Orams is a New Zealand bass guitarist and vocalist. He was, briefly, the first bassist with Little River Band in 1975. He was replaced by Roger McLachlan before the band started to tour and record.

Orams was a member of numerous other bands, including Bari and The Breakaways (1964–67), Bitter End (1967) and Quincy Conserve (1967–73).

Quincy Conserve
The Quincy Conserve (commonly known as Quincy Conserve) was a New Zealand group that were active from 1967 to 1975. Originating from Wellington, they were one of the biggest bands in the lower North Island.
Rusingoryx
Rusingoryx is a genus of extinct alcelaphine bovid artiodactyl closely related to the wildebeest. It contains only one species, R. atopocranion, that lived on the plains of Kenya during the Pleistocene. It was originally named as a species of Megalotragus.

Rusingoryx is known for its strange pointed nose with a large nasal dome. This structure represents an instance of convergent evolution with the crests of hadrosaurid dinosaurs, which were used for display and vocalization.  Studies have shown that the Rusingoryx is a specialized grazing animal, with a preference for arid grasslands. Rusingoryx was migratory.

The first specimens, which were poorly preserved, were described in 1983, having been taken from a site called Bovid Hill on Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria.  Butchered bones found in 2011 with stone tools suggested that they had been killed by humans.  In 2016, remains of an additional 26 better preserved individuals were discovered.

Rusinga Island
Rusinga Island, with an elongated shape approximately 10 miles (16 km) from end to end and 3 miles (5 km) at its widest point, lies in the eastern part of Lake Victoria at the mouth of the Winam Gulf. Part of Kenya, it is linked to Mbita Point on the mainland by the new Rusinga-Mbita bridge which replaced the old causeway.
Nova Scotia New Democratic Party leadership elections
This page lists the results of leadership elections held by the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party.  Though the party came into existence in 1961 with the merger of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and the Canadian Labour Congress, the position of party leader was not officially created until the 1966 convention. Outgoing CCF leader Michael James MacDonald led the party in the legislature until 1963. The party was led into the 1963 provincial election by party president 1963 until 1966  James H. Aitchison who served as de facto leader until 1966 when he was officially elected to the position of leader.

Nova Scotia New Democratic Party
The Nova Scotia New Democratic Party (Nova Scotia NDP) is a social democratic political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party.

It was founded as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in 1932, and became the New Democratic Party in 1961. It became the governing party of Nova Scotia following the 2009 Nova Scotia election, winning 31 seats in the Legislature, under the leadership of Premier Darrell Dexter. It is the only New Democratic Party in Atlantic Canada to form a government, and the second to form a government in a province east of Manitoba. The party lost government at the 2013 election, losing 24 seats, including Dexter's seat. Gary Burrill, the party’s leader from 2016 to 2022, is credited with bringing the party back to its left-wing roots. The party currently holds nine seats in the Legislature and has been led by Claudia Chender since June 2022.
Kart Fighter
Kart Fighter (Chinese: 瑪莉快打; pinyin: Mǎlì kuài dǎ, "Mario Fast-Strike", punning on the Chinese title of Mortal Kombat) is an unlicensed 2D fighting game produced for the Family Computer by Taiwanese studio Hummer Team. The game features unauthorized appearances by Nintendo's mascot Mario and the rest of the cast of Super Mario Kart in a port of Street Fighter II. Kart Fighter has received some media attention, including mostly positive reviews, in part because of its perceived similarity to the later Super Smash Bros. series.

Hummer Team
Hummer Team(Chinese: 悍馬小組; pinyin: hàn mǎ xiǎo zǔ) was a Taiwanese developer of bootleg video games. It was most well known for making NES ports of games originally developed on more advanced hardware.
Catalina, Newfoundland and Labrador
Catalina (/ˌkætəˈlaɪnə/ KAT-ə-LY-nə) is a community located on the eastern side of the Bonavista Peninsula, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Catalina adjoins the union town of Port Union, the town built for and home to the Fisherman's Union Company established by Sir William Coaker.

The name of the town is purported by E.R. Seary to derive from the French Havre Sainte-Katherine which was later changed to the Spanish name Cataluna.

In 2005 Catalina was amalgamated with Little Catalina, Melrose and Port Union to form the town of Trinity Bay North.

Bonavista Peninsula
The Bonavista Peninsula is a large peninsula on the east coast of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It consists of 50 incorporated towns/unincorporated communities which have a population of 12,176 as of the 2016 Canadian Census. Bonavista is the largest population centre on the peninsula.

The peninsula runs 85 km northeast from a 19 km wide isthmus and measures between 15–40 km in width. It separates Bonavista Bay in the north from Trinity Bay to the south.
Maccabi Jaffa F.C.
Maccabi Kavilio Jaffa Football Club (Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל מכבי קביליו יפו) is an Israeli football club from Jaffa, Tel Aviv. Founded in 2007 as a phoenix football club by fans of Maccabi Jaffa F.C., which was dissolved in 2000 and all previous attempts in the intervening years to revive it were unsuccessful.

The team played for 32 seasons in the Israeli Top Division, though its only title was The Israeli Toto Cup for the Second Division. Maccabi Jaffa finished three times at the second place in the Israeli First Division (in the seasons of 1962, 1964 and 1977). In 1957, Maccabi Jaffa played at the final of the Israeli State Cup, but lost to Hapoel Petah Tikva.

The club disbanded in 2000. In 2007, the club refounded as Maccabi Kabilio Jaffa was founded by their fans after 7 years of other unsuccessful attempts to revive the club.

A.S. Ramat Eliyahu F.C.
A.S. Ramat Eliyahu (Hebrew: אגודת ספורט רמת אליהו) is an Israeli football club which representing Ramat Eliyahu neighborhood in Rishon LeZion. The club currently operates junior teams, after its senior team dissolved in 2008.
The Sinister Signpost
The Sinister Sign Post (later retitled The Sinister Signpost) is the fifteenth volume in the original  The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Leslie McFarlane in 1936. Between 1959 and 1973 the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was rewritten in 1968 by Tom Mulvey resulting in two different stories with the same title.

Leslie McFarlane
Charles Leslie McFarlane (October 25, 1902 – September 6, 1977) was a Canadian journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and filmmaker, who is most famous for ghostwriting many of the early books in the very successful Hardy Boys series, using the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon.
Noura Mana
Noura Mana (born 12 December 1997) is a Moroccan swimmer. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In 2019, she represented Morocco at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle and women's 100 metre freestyle events.

Morocco at the 2019 African Games
Morocco competed at the 2019 African Games held from 19 to 31 August 2019 in Rabat, Morocco. This was the first time that Morocco hosted the competition. It was also the first time since the 1978 All-Africa Games that Morocco took part in the competition after being banned. In total, athletes representing Morocco won 31 gold medals, 32 silver medals, and 46 bronze medals and the country finished in 5th place in the medal table.
Golden Salamander (film)
Golden Salamander is a 1950 British adventure film directed by Ronald Neame and starring Trevor Howard, Anouk Aimée and Herbert Lom.  It won an award at the 1950 Locarno International Film Festival. It is based on Victor Canning's 1949 novel The Golden Salamander, about a British archaeologist in North Africa who runs afoul of a crime syndicate.

It was shot at Pinewood Studios, with sets designed by the art director John Bryan. Extensive location shooting took place in Tunisia, including the ruins of Carthage. The score was composed by William Alwyn who incorporated Arabic themes into his work. It was given an American release by Eagle-Lion the following year.

Victor Canning
Victor Canning (16 June 1911 – 21 February 1986) was a prolific British writer of novels and thrillers who flourished in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. He was personally reticent, writing no memoirs and giving relatively few newspaper interviews.
Re-Loaded
Re-Loaded is a science fiction-themed top-down multidirectional shooter developed by Gremlin Interactive and published by Interplay. A sequel to Loaded, it was released in 1996 for the PlayStation and MS-DOS, and later on PlayStation Network. A Sega Saturn version was in development, but was cancelled.

The game received mostly negative reviews from critics.

Gremlin Interactive
Gremlin Graphics Software Limited, later Gremlin Interactive Limited and ultimately Infogrames Studios Limited, was a British video game developer based in Sheffield. Like many software houses established in the 1980s, their primary market was the 8-bit range of home computers such as the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, MSX, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64. The company was acquired by French video game publisher Infogrames in 1999 and was renamed Infogrames Studios in 2000. Infogrames Studios closed down in 2003.
Cassadaga, Florida
Cassadaga (a Seneca Indian word meaning "Water beneath the rocks") is a small unincorporated community located in Volusia County, Florida, United States, just north of Deltona. It is especially known for having many psychics and mediums, and has consequently been named the "Psychic Capital of the World".

Volusia County, Florida
Volusia County (/vəˈluːʃə/ ⓘ, və-LOO-shə) is a county located in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Florida between the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2020 census, the county was home to 553,543 people, an increase of 11.9% from the 2010 census. It was founded on December 29, 1854, from a portion of Orange County, and was named for the community of Volusia, located in northwestern Volusia County. The original county seat was Enterprise. Since 1887, the county seat has been DeLand. Volusia County is part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach metropolitan statistical area, as well as part of the larger Orlando–Deltona–Daytona Beach Combined statistical area.
Corax (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Corax (Ancient Greek: Κόραξ, romanized: Kórax, lit. 'raven') or Corex can refer to either:

Corax, the 16th king of Sicyon who reigned for 30 years. He was the elder son and heir of King Coronus, descendant of the city's founder Aegialeus. He was brother of Lamedon. Corax received the throne from his predecessor Echyreus, in whose reign Danaus became the king of Argos. After Corax died childless, Lamedon was his rightful successor, but Lamedon was usurped by Epopeus who came from Thessaly and seized the kingdom from him. In the latter's reign, the conflict between Sicyon and Thebes ensued.

Corax, the son of Arethusa and an unknown man from Ithaca. While hunting a hare, he fell off a rock and died. The rock took his name thereafter, while his mother killed herself next to a spring out of grief.

Sicyon
Sicyon (/ˈsɪʃiˌɒn, ˈsɪs-/; Greek: Σικυών; gen.: Σικυῶνος) or Sikyōn was an ancient Greek city state situated in the northern Peloponnesus between Corinth and Achaea on the territory of the present-day regional unit of Corinthia. The ruins lie just west of the modern village of Sikyona (previously Vasiliko). An ancient monarchy at the times of the Trojan War, the city was ruled by a number of tyrants during the Archaic and Classical period and became a democracy in the 3rd century BC. Sicyon was celebrated for its contributions to ancient Greek art, producing many famous painters and sculptors. In Hellenistic times it was also the home of Aratus of Sicyon, the leader of the Achaean League.
Hollow Meadows (album)
Hollow Meadows is the eighth solo album by British singer-songwriter Richard Hawley, released on 11 September 2015. It is his second record on the Parlophone label. As with his previous albums, the title refers to an area of his native Sheffield; Hollow Meadows is a hamlet on the outskirts of the city.

Richard Hawley
Richard Willis Hawley (born 17 January 1967) is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer. After his first band Treebound Story (formed while he was still at school) broke up, Hawley found success as a member of Britpop band Longpigs in the 1990s. He played with Pulp, led by his friend Jarvis Cocker, as a touring musician for a short time. As a solo musician, Hawley has released ten studio albums. He has been nominated for a Mercury Prize twice and once for a Brit Award. He has collaborated with Lisa Marie Presley, Shakespears Sister, Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Elbow, Duane Eddy and Paul Weller.
Lochaber Camanachd
Lochaber Camanachd is a shinty club based in Spean Bridge, Lochaber, Scotland.  The club's senior team played in the National Division while a reserve team plays in the North Division Two. Lochaber also field a women's team.

National Division One (shinty)
The National Division One, known as the Mowi National Division for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the men's shinty league system in Scotland.

Initially formed in 1999, the league folded in 2006 due to financial constraints before its reinstatement in 2014.
Joe Brown (judge)
Joseph Blakeney Brown Jr. (born July 5, 1947), known professionally as Judge Joe Brown, is an American former lawyer and television personality. He is a former Shelby County, Tennessee Criminal Court judge and a former arbiter of the arbitration-based reality court show Judge Joe Brown.

Judge Joe Brown
Judge Joe Brown is an American arbitration-based reality court show starring former Shelby County, Tennessee criminal court judge  Joseph B. Brown. The series aired from September 14, 1998 to  May 22, 2013. Joe Brown was the second highest paid daytime television personality behind Judge Judy during the time the show was running.

During the entirety of its series run, Brown was the longest serving African American television arbitrator; this record is now held by Greg Mathis of Judge Mathis, which premiered the year after Brown's program in 1999 and ran for 24 seasons through 2023.
Edmund Leser
Edmund Leser (1 May 1853, in Münster – 11 December 1916, in Frankfurt am Main) was a German surgeon remembered for describing the Leser-Trélat sign (named with Ulysse Trélat, 1828–1890).

He studied law in Berlin and served in the Franco-Prussian War as an artillery officer before studying medicine in Leipzig. He received his doctorate in 1880 and worked as Richard von Volkmann's assistant in Halle. He qualified as a surgeon in 1884, and became a professor in 1894, practicing in Halle and Frankfurt.

He was the author of Lehrbuch der speciellen Chirurgie in 50 Vorlesungen (Textbook of special surgery in 50 lectures), published in several editions.

Leser–Trélat sign
The Leser–Trélat sign is the explosive onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses (many pigmented skin lesions), often with an inflammatory base. This can be a sign of internal malignancy as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome. In addition to the development of new lesions, preexisting ones frequently increase in size and become symptomatic.
Shaw, Oregon
Shaw is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 214 near its intersection with Oregon Route 22. It is about 10 miles southeast of Salem, and was annexed into the city of Aumsville.

The Shaw area was settled by pioneer Daniel Waldo in the 1840s.

Shaw was a station in the Waldo Hills between Macleay and Aumsville on the Oregonian Railway (later the Southern Pacific Railroad and today the Willamette Valley Railway). In 1881, the station was named "Waldo Hills". Shaw post office was established in 1887 and named for Angus Shaw, the town's first postmaster. Shaw was from Ontario, Canada and settled in the area 1876. In 1891, the name of the town was changed to "Shaw" after Angus.

In 1915, Shaw had two grain mills; these no longer exist. The post office closed in 1937. As of 2005, Shaw had 18 dwellings, a machine shop, a general store building, a warehouse, and a church.

Marion County, Oregon
Marion County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population was 345,920 at the 2020 census, making it the 5th most populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Salem, which is also the state capital of Oregon. The county was originally named the Champooick District, after Champoeg (earlier Champooick), a meeting place on the Willamette River. On September 3, 1849, the territorial legislature renamed it in honor of Francis Marion, a Continental Army general from South Carolina who served in the American Revolutionary War. Marion County is part of the Salem, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley.