hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Washington Matthews
Washington Matthews (June 17, 1843 – March 2, 1905) was an Irish-born American surgeon in the United States Army, ethnographer, and linguist known for his studies of Native American peoples, especially the Navajo.

Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
Makoto Kobayashi
Makoto Kobayashi (小林 誠, Kobayashi Makoto; born April 7, 1944) is a Japanese physicist known for his work on CP-violation who was awarded one-fourth of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."

Nagoya University
Nagoya University (名古屋大学, Nagoya daigaku), abbreviated to Meidai (名大) or NU, is a Japanese national research university located in Chikusa-ku, Nagoya.

It was established in 1939 as the last of the nine Imperial Universities in the then Empire of Japan, and is now a Designated National University.

The university is the birthplace of the Sakata School of physics and the Hirata School of chemistry. As of 2021, seven Nobel Prize winners have been associated with Nagoya University, the third most in Japan and Asia behind Kyoto University and the University of Tokyo.
Infinity Repeating (2013 Demo)
"Infinity Repeating" is a demo written, produced, and performed by French electronic music duo Daft Punk and American musician Julian Casablancas, along with Casablancas' band The Voidz handling additional instrumentation. Included as part of the 10th anniversary edition of Random Access Memories, it was released the same day as the reissue on 12 May 2023. It is considered by Daft Punk to be their "last song ever."

Random Access Memories (10th Anniversary Edition)
Random Access Memories (10th Anniversary Edition) is the third compilation album by French electronic duo Daft Punk. It is an anniversary reissue of the duo's final studio album Random Access Memories containing an extra disc with 35 minutes of bonus content, including unreleased demos and outtakes. The reissue was released on 12 May 2023.
Practice to Deceive
Practice to Deceive is a 2013 true crime nonfiction book by the American author Ann Rule that details the murder of Russel Douglas, found shot between the eyes in his car on Whidbey Island, north of Seattle, Washington, the day after Christmas  2003. The book was released in October 2013 by Simon & Schuster's Gallery Books imprint.

Ann Rule
Ann Rae Rule (née Stackhouse; October 22, 1931 – July 26, 2015) was an American author of true crime books and articles. She is best known for The Stranger Beside Me (1980), about the serial killer Ted Bundy, her co-worker and one-time friend, who was later revealed to be a murderer. Rule wrote over 30 true crime books, including Small Sacrifices, about Oregon child murderer Diane Downs. Many of Rule's books center on murder cases that occurred in the Pacific Northwest and her adopted home state of Washington.
Texas's 24th Senate district
District 24 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that currently serves all of Bandera, Bell, Burnet, Coryell, Gillespie, Kerr, Kimble, Lampasas, Llano, Medina, and Sutton counties and portions of Atascosa and Williamson counties in the U.S. state of Texas.

The current senator from District 24 is Pete Flores.

Pete Flores
Peter Paul Flores (born January 30, 1960) is an American politician representing Texas Senate District 24. He previously represented District 19 in the Texas Senate from 2018 to 2021. A member of the Republican Party, he was the first Hispanic Republican Texas State Senator in Texas history, and he was the first Republican to be elected in District 19 since 1879 during the Reconstruction Era. In the 2020 election, Flores was defeated by his Democratic challenger Roland Gutierrez. Flores won the Republican nomination for Texas State Senate District 24 on May 24, 2022, defeating Raul Reyes by 60% to 40%.
Ciuślice
Ciuślice [t͡ɕuˈɕlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnocin, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies about 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Czarnocin, 7 km (4 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka, and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Czarnocin, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Gmina Czarnocin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Czarnocin, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 69.53 square kilometres (26.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,176.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Kozubów Landscape Park.
The Noble Gentleman
The Noble Gentleman is a Jacobean era stage play, a comedy in the canon of John Fletcher and his collaborators that was first published in the first Beaumont and Fletcher folio of 1647. It is one of the plays in Fletcher's canon (see Love's Cure and Thierry and Theodoret for other examples) that presents significant uncertainties about its date and authorship.

John Fletcher (playwright)
John Fletcher (December 1579 – August 1625) was an English playwright. Following William Shakespeare as house playwright for the King's Men, he was among the most prolific and influential dramatists of his day; during his lifetime and in the Stuart Restoration, his fame rivalled Shakespeare's. Fletcher collaborated in writing plays, chiefly with Francis Beaumont or Philip Massinger, but also with Shakespeare and others. Although his reputation has subsequently declined, he remains an important transitional figure between the Elizabethan popular tradition and the popular drama of the Restoration.
Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards
The Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards, or Technology and Engineering Emmys, are one of two sets of Emmy Awards that are presented for outstanding achievement in engineering development in the television industry. The Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards are presented by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), while the separate Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards are given by its sister organization the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS).

A Technology and Engineering Emmy can be presented to an individual, a company, or to a scientific or technical organization for developments and/or standardization involved in engineering technologies which either represent so extensive an improvement on existing methods or are so innovative in nature that they materially have affected the transmission, recording, or reception of television. The award is determined by a special panel composed of highly qualified, experienced engineers in the television industry.

Video Services Forum
The Video Services Forum (VSF) is an industry association that provides a platform for cooperation and communication between organizations with a stake in media networking. VSF activities include standards development, interoperability testing and the ongoing VidTrans conferences.

VSF published the TR-03 and TR-04 technical recommendations for professional video which were further developed by SMPTE to become SMPTE 2110.
Schreier–Sims algorithm
The Schreier–Sims algorithm is an algorithm in computational group theory, named after the mathematicians Otto Schreier and Charles Sims.  This algorithm can find the order of a finite permutation group,  determine whether a given permutation is a member of the group, and other tasks in polynomial time.  It was introduced by Sims in 1970, based on Schreier's subgroup lemma.  The running time was subsequently improved by Donald Knuth in 1991.  Later, an even faster randomized version of the algorithm was developed.

Otto Schreier
Otto Schreier (3 March 1901 in Vienna, Austria – 2 June 1929 in Hamburg, Germany) was a Jewish-Austrian mathematician who made major contributions in combinatorial group theory and in the topology of Lie groups.
Sandra Schmid
Sandra Louise Schmid (born March 7, 1958, in Vancouver, British Columbia) is the first Chief Scientific Officer of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub. She is a Canadian cell biologist by training; prior to her move to CZ Biohub, she was Professor and Chair of the Cell Biology Department at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.  Throughout her academic career, she has authored over 105 publications on the molecular mechanism and regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the structure and function of the GTPase dynamin and mechanisms governing membrane fission. She was the first to identify dynamin's key role in endocytosis.  She is a co-founder of the journal Traffic and has been the Editor-in-Chief of Molecular Biology of the Cell, and the President of the American Society for Cell Biology.

Traffic (journal)
Traffic is a monthly, peer-reviewed, scientific journal, which was established in 2000, and is published by Wiley-Blackwell. The online version is at the Wiley Online Library. This journal is co-edited by Eric Chevet, Antonella De Matteis, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, and Hesso Farhan. The journal covers all aspects of signal transduction (intracellular transport) in health and disease, for both mammalian and non-mammalian biological systems.
Garonne
The Garonne (/ɡəˈrɒn, ɡæˈrɒn/ gə-RON, garr-ON, French: [ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Spanish, Catalan, Basque and Occitan: Garona, Occitan pronunciation: [ɡaˈɾunɔ]; Latin: Garumna
or Garunna) is a river that flows in southwest France and northern Spain. It flows from the central Spanish Pyrenees to the Gironde estuary at the French port of Bordeaux – a length of 529 km (329 mi), of which 47 km (29 mi) is in Spain (Val d'Aran); the total length extends to 602 km (374 mi) if one includes the Gironde estuary between the river and the sea. Its basin area is 56,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi), which increases to 84,811 km2 (32,746 sq mi) if the  Dordogne River, which flows from the east and joins the Garonne at Bec d'Ambès to form the Gironde estuary, is included.

Umayyad and  Aquitanian forces fought the Battle of the River Garonne in 732 beside the river near present-day Bordeaux.

Battle of the River Garonne
The Battle of the River Garonne, also known as the Battle of Bordeaux, was fought in 732 between an Umayyad army led by Abdul Rahman Al-Ghafiqi, governor of Al-Andalus, and Aquitanian forces led by Duke Odo of Aquitaine.
Search (band)
Search is a rock kapak band formed in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, in 1981 by drummer Yazit, lead guitarist Hillary Ang, bassist Nasir, rhythm guitarist Nordin and singer Amy. Their debut album was produced by Polygram Records (Singapore). The group have gone through many line-up changes in their career, but the songs and music have remained strong and unique among Malaysian, Singaporean and Indonesian fans. To date, they released eleven studio albums, number of lives, compilation and joint (with Wings) albums. They have been regarded by Malaysian rock fans as the greatest rock band in Malaysia with their numerous hits along with rock anthems.

Rock kapak
Rock kapak is a sub-genre of rock music, sung largely in the Malay language with stylistic influences from glam metal, hard rock and heavy metal. Originating in Malaysia and Singapore in the 1980s, it peaked in mainstream popularity in those countries in the early-to-mid 1990s.
Highbridge Skirmish
The Highbridge Skirmish was the first engagement of the Jacobite rising of 1745 between government troops and Jacobites loyal to Prince Charles Edward Stuart. It took place at Highbridge, Lochaber, on the River Spean on 16 August 1745, and marked the commencement of hostilities between the two sides.

Clan MacDonald of Keppoch
Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, also known as Clan MacDonell of Keppoch or Clan Ranald of Lochaber (Scottish Gaelic: Clann Dòmhnaill na Ceapaich [ˈkʰl̪ˠãũn̪ˠ ˈt̪õː.ɪʎ nə ˈkʲʰɛʰpɪç]), is a Highland Scottish clan and a branch of Clan Donald. The progenitor of the clan is Alistair Carrach MacDonald, 4th great-grandson of the warrior Somerled. The clan chief is traditionally designated as the "Son of Ranald's son" (Scottish Gaelic: Mac Mhic Raonuill).

Clan MacDonald of Keppoch has a chief that is recognized by the Court of the Lord Lyon, and the Lord Lyon King of Arms, who is the heraldic authority in Scotland.
Melissa Militano
Melissa Mary Militano (later Warkmeister; April 26, 1955 – July 16, 2024) was an American competitive figure skater who competed as a single skater and pair skater. As a pair skater, she won the U.S. Figure Skating Championships three times, in 1973 with her brother Mark Militano and in 1974 and 1975 with Johnny Johns.  Their coaches included Peter Dunfield and Ron Ludington.

Ronald Ludington
Ronald Ludington (September 4, 1934 – May 14, 2020) was an American figure skating coach and pair skater. With Nancy Rouillard Ludington, he was the 1960 Olympic bronze medalist, 1959 World bronze medalist, and a four-time U.S. national champion.
Victoria Bridge, Cambridge, England
Victoria Bridge is a single-arch road bridge across the River Cam in Cambridge, England. It carries Victoria Avenue. Immediately to the north is Chesterton Road and a major junction with Victoria Road and Milton Road.

The bridge was built in 1889–90 to connect the then village of Chesterton (now a suburb) to the north with Cambridge to the south.  At the same time, Victoria Avenue was constructed to the south, dividing Jesus Green to the west from Midsummer Common to the east.

The foundation stone was laid by Frederic Wace, the mayor of Cambridge, on 4 November 1889 and the bridge was officially opened by Wace on 11 December 1890.  The bridge was rebuilt for strengthening in 1992.

Midsummer Common
Midsummer Common is an area of common land in Cambridge, England. It lies northeast of the city centre on the south bank of the River Cam.

The common borders the River Cam and houseboats are often moored on the common's bank. The boathouses of most of the colleges of Cambridge University are on the opposite bank.
Chromohalobacter beijerinckii
Chromohalobacter beijerinckii is a motile, rod-like, salt-loving, Gram-negative soil bacterium, 0.4–0.6 μm by 1.8–2.5 μm.

The bacterium was isolated in 1935 by T. Hof from fermented salted beans preserved in brine. Hof named it Pseudomonas beijerinckii and identified it as the organism responsible for the purple color of that food.  The pigment was the calcium salt of tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone Ca2C6O6, derived from the beans' myo-inositol. The bacterium thrives in media with salt (NaCl) concentrations ranging from 0.35% to 25%; the optimum growth occurs at 8 to 10% NaCl, pH 7.5, and 35 °C.

Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone
Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, also called tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone, tetrahydroxybenzoquinone, or tetrahydroxyquinone (THBQ, THQ), is an organic compound with formula C6O2(OH)4.  Its molecular structure consists of a cyclohexadiene ring with four hydroxyl groups and two ketone groups in opposite (para) positions.

The compound gives a light red solution in water, and crystallizes as the glistening bluish-black (but non-conducting) dihydrate C6O2(OH)4·2H2O.

The compound can be synthesized from glyoxal or from myo-inositol, a natural compound widely present in plants.  THBQ forms an adduct with 4,4′-bipyridine in a 2:3 ratio.
13th Canadian Film Awards
The 13th Canadian Film Awards were held on May 13, 1961 to honour achievements in Canadian film.

By now, the young medium of television had dramatically changed the nature of filmmaking in Canada, to the point where the event's host, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation president J. Alphonse Ouimet, felt the need to assure the audience that videotape would not surpass film in importance to the CBC. Television, now occupying filmmakers' attention, brought about a consistent rise in revenue. Its newfound significance prompted the introduction of new CFA awards for TV, with the CBC clinching all the eligible awards.

Arthur Chetwynd
Arthur Chetwynd Bt. (28 October 1913 – 11 July 2004) was a Canadian film producer and founder and president of the pioneering film production company Chetwynd Films. He was an early, prolific producer of high-quality sponsored short documentaries; it has been estimated that he produced as many as 3,000 films.

At the 12th Canadian Film Awards in 1960, Chetwynd was presented with a Special Award "for dedicated service in the interest of Canadian filmmakers as an executive officer of the Association of Motion Picture Producers and Laboratories of Canada". In 1981, the 2nd Genie Awards presented a one-time Chetwynd Award for Business Promotion.
Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303)
The Battle of Marj al-Saffar (or Marj al-Suffar), also known as the Battle of Shaqhab, took place on April 20 through April 22, 1303 between the Mamluks and the Mongols and their Armenian allies near Kiswe, Syria, just south of Damascus. The battle has been influential in both Islamic history and contemporary time because of the controversial jihad against other Muslims and Ramadan related fatwas issued by Ibn Taymiyyah. The battle, a disastrous defeat for the Mongols, put an end to Mongol invasions of the Levant. The Mamluk victory was achieved mainly thanks to the leadership skills and strategic thinking of Asandamur Kurjī. The Mongols were surprised by the Mamluk attack.

Kutlushah
Kutlushah, Kutlusha or Qutlughshah (Mongolian: Кутлугшах, Persian: قتلغشاه, Armenian: Խութլուշահը or Cotlesse in Frank sources), was a general under the Mongol Ilkhanate ruler Ghazan at the end the 13th century. He was particularly active in the Christian country of Georgia and especially during the Mongol invasion of Syria, until his ignominious defeat in 1303 led to his banishment. He was killed during the conquest of Gilan in 1307.
National Velvet (film)
National Velvet is a 1944 American Technicolor sports film directed by Clarence Brown and based on the 1935 novel of the same name by Enid Bagnold, about a young English girl who rides a racehorse. It stars  Mickey Rooney,  Donald Crisp, Angela Lansbury, Anne Revere, Reginald Owen, and an adolescent Elizabeth Taylor.

In 2003, National Velvet was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In 2006, the film was ranked 24th on the American Film Institute's list of most inspirational movies.

Donald Crisp
Donald William Crisp (27 July 1882 – 25 May 1974) was an English film actor as well as an early producer, director and screenwriter. His career lasted from the early silent film era into the 1960s. He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1942 for his performance in How Green Was My Valley.
Tamworth, New Hampshire
Tamworth is a town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,812 at the 2020 census. Tamworth includes the villages of Chocorua, South Tamworth, Wonalancet, and Whittier. The White Mountain National Forest is to the north. The town is home to Hemenway State Forest in the north and White Lake State Park in the southeast.

Carroll County, New Hampshire
Carroll County is a county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,107, making it the third-least populous county in New Hampshire. Its county seat is Ossipee. The county was created in 1840 and organized at Ossipee from towns removed from Strafford County. It was named in honor of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who had died in 1832, the last surviving signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.
LY-78335
LY-78335 (also known as 2,3-dichloro-α-methylbenzylamine, DCMB) is a high-affinity inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). It has been shown to strongly suppress growth hormone release in vivo, making it a useful compound for laboratory research on neurotransmitter regulation and endocrinology.

LY-78335 has also been investigated for its potential to reduce the intoxicating effects of alcohol. In animal studies, it produced several notable effects: (1) increased spontaneous motor activity in rats, (2) elevated extracellular concentrations of the norepinephrine metabolite MHPG in the hypothalamus as measured by microdialysis, and (3) blocked the stimulation of growth hormone secretion normally induced by clonidine. These findings suggest that LY-78335 inhibits α2-adrenoceptor function in vivo.

In addition to its PNMT-inhibiting properties, LY-78335 has been reported to act as a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (RIMA).

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) is an enzyme found primarily in the adrenal medulla that converts norepinephrine (noradrenaline) to epinephrine (adrenaline). It is also expressed in small groups of neurons in the human brain and in selected populations of cardiomyocytes.
Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council elections
Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council elections are generally held three years out of every four, with a third of the council being elected each time. Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council, generally known as Oldham Council, is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. Since the last boundary changes in 2023, 60 councillors have been elected from 20 wards.

Oldham Council
Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council, also known as Oldham Council, is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council has been a member of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority since 2011.

The council has been under no overall control since the 2024 election, being led by a Labour-led minority administration. The council meets at Oldham Civic Centre and has its main offices in the Spindles Town Square shopping centre.
National Safety Council
The National Safety Council (NSC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit,  public service organization  promoting health and safety in the United States. Headquartered in Itasca, Illinois, NSC is a member organization, founded in 1913 and granted a congressional charter in 1953. Members include more than 55,000 businesses, labor organizations, schools, public agencies, private groups and individuals.

The group focuses on areas where the greatest number of preventable injuries and deaths occur, including workplace safety, prescription medication abuse, teen driving, cell phone use while driving and safety in homes and communities.

Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States
Various laws in the United States regulate the use of mobile phones  and other electronics by motorists.  Different states take different approaches. Some laws affect only novice drivers or commercial drivers, while some laws affect all drivers. Some laws target handheld devices only, while other laws affect both handheld and handsfree devices.