hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saint Regis Mountain
Saint Regis Mountain is a 2,838-foot-tall (865 m) mountain in the town of Santa Clara, New York, in Franklin County at the center of the Saint Regis Canoe Area in the Adirondack Park.

It can be climbed from a trailhead on Keese Mills Road in Keese Mill, west of Paul Smiths. The trail is a gradual 3.3 mile ascent with a gain of 1168 feet.

The view from the summit includes thirty lakes, including the Upper and Lower Saranac Lake, and Upper and Lower Saint Regis Lake. The Adirondack High Peaks can also be seen.

The summit is bare rock, having been cleared by a fire started accidentally by a surveying party led by Verplanck Colvin in 1876. The St. Regis Mountain Fire Observation Station is at the summit was restored in 2016 and is now open to the public.

St. Regis Mountain Fire Observation Station
The St. Regis Mountain Fire Observation Station is a historic fire observation station located on Saint Regis Mountain at Santa Clara in Franklin County, New York. The station and contributing resources include a 35-foot-tall (11 m), steel frame lookout tower erected in 1918, the site of the former observer's cabin, and 9/10 of a mile foot trail between the cabin site and summit. The tower is a prefabricated structure built by the Aermotor Corporation and provided a front line of defense in preserving the Adirondack Forest Preserve from the hazards of forest fires.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

The tower was restored by a friends group that formed in 2013, and the tower was re-opened to the public in September 2016.
Battle Creek massacre
The Battle Creek massacre was a lynching of a Timpanogos group on March 5, 1849, by a group of 35 Mormon settlers at Battle Creek Canyon near modern Pleasant Grove, Utah. Four were killed. It was the first violent engagement between the settlers who had begun coming to the area two years before, and was in response to reported cattle theft by the group. The attacked group (led by Kone Roman Nose) was outnumbered, outgunned, and had little defense against the militia that crept in and surrounded their camp before dawn. The massacre had been ordered by Brigham Young, the Utah Territory governor and president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The formation of the Mormon settlement of Utah Valley soon followed the attack at Battle Creek. One of the young survivors from the group of 17 children, women, and men who had been attacked grew up to be Antonga Black Hawk, a Timpanogos leader in the Black Hawk War (1865–1872).

Pleasant Grove, Utah
Pleasant Grove, originally named Battle Creek, is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States, known as "Utah's City of Trees". It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 39,604 as of April of 2025.
Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Framingham
Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Framingham (MCI-Framingham) is the Massachusetts Department of Correction's  institution for female offenders. It is located in Framingham, Massachusetts, a city located midway between Worcester and Boston. The prison was once known as "Framingham State Prison". However, MCI-Framingham is its official name and is favored. As of May 2022 there are approximately 190 inmates in general population beds.

Massachusetts Department of Correction
The Massachusetts Department of Correction is the government agency responsible for operating the prison system of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The Massachusetts Department of Correction is responsible for the custody of about 8,292 prisoners (as of January 2020) throughout 13 correctional facilities  and is the 5th largest state agency in the state of Massachusetts, employing over 4,800 people (about 3,200 of whom are sworn correctional officers).  The Massachusetts Department of Correction also has a fugitive apprehension unit, a gang intelligence unit, a K9 Unit, a Special Reaction Team (SRT), and a Tactical Response Team (TRT).  Both of these tactical units are highly trained and are paramilitary in nature. The agency is headquartered in Milford, Massachusetts and currently headed by Commissioner Shawn Jenkins.
Strangers in Between
Strangers in Between is a two-act Australian play by Tommy Murphy. It won the 2006 NSW Premier's Literary Award for Best Play. It was first staged at Sydney's Griffin Theatre Company in February 2005, where it broke box office records.

It is published by Currency Press with Murphy's stage adaptation of Timothy Conigrave's Holding the Man. It is published in the UK by Nick Hern Books.

Tommy Murphy (Australian playwright)
Tommy Murphy (born 1979) is an Australian playwright, screenwriter, adaptor and director . He created and was head writer for the 2022 TV series Significant Others. He is best known for his stage and screen adaptation of Timothy Conigrave's memoir Holding the Man. His most recent plays are a stage adaptation of Nevil Shute’s  On The Beach, Mark Colvin's Kidney and Packer & Sons.
Initial Point (Oklahoma)
Initial Point, on the boundary of Garvin County, Oklahoma and Murray County, Oklahoma, about 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west of Davis, Oklahoma, is a historic surveying initial point which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

It includes one contributing object, a sandstone marker monument approximately 54x18x18 in dimension.  It was set "in a mound of stones six feet in diameter and three feet high, from which flagstaff at Fort Arbuckle bears north seven degrees, thirty-seven minutes west."

Initial Point, or the "Point of Beginning," was established by United States General Land Office surveyors in 1870.  From this point all land in Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory, and later the State of Oklahoma except for its Panhandle, was surveyed and described. It is considered one of the notable initial points in the United States.

At the time of its establishment, Initial Point was located in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation.

Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation
Pickens County was a political subdivision of the Chickasaw Nation in the Indian Territory from 1855, prior to Oklahoma being admitted as a state in 1907.  The county was one of four that comprised the Chickasaw Nation. Following statehood, its territory was divided among several Oklahoma counties that have continued to the present.
KTAL-FM
KTAL-FM (98.1 MHz, "98 Rocks") is an American radio station licensed to Texarkana, Texas, The station is broadcasting a classic rock format. The station serves the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area. KTAL-FM is owned by Connoisseur Media, through licensee Alpha Media Licensee LLC. Its studios are located just north of downtown Shreveport, and the transmitter is in Vivian, Louisiana.

The station is a former sister station of KCMC and KTAL-TV, all of which were owned for many years by WEHCO Media until the company sold its broadcasting assets.

KTAL-TV
KTAL-TV (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Texarkana, Texas, United States, serving the Shreveport, Louisiana, area and the Ark-La-Tex region as an affiliate of NBC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside independent station/MyNetworkTV affiliate KSHV-TV (channel 45); Nexstar also provides certain services to Fox affiliate KMSS-TV (channel 33) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with Mission Broadcasting. The three stations share studios on North Market Street and Deer Park Road in northeast Shreveport; KTAL-TV maintains a secondary studio on Summerhill Road in Texarkana, Texas, and transmitter facilities northwest of Vivian, Louisiana.
Performance Rating
The PR (performance rating, P-rating, or Pentium rating) system was a figure of merit developed by AMD, Cyrix, IBM Microelectronics and SGS-Thomson in the mid-1990s as a method of comparing their x86 processors to those of rival Intel. The idea was to consider instructions per cycle (IPC) in addition to the clock speed, so that the processors become comparable with Intel's Pentium that had a higher clock speed with overall lower IPC.

Athlon
AMD Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices. The original Athlon (now called Athlon Classic) was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and the first desktop processor to reach speeds of one gigahertz (GHz). It made its debut as AMD's high-end processor brand on June 23, 1999. Over the years AMD has used the Athlon name with the 64-bit Athlon 64 architecture, the Athlon II, and Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) chips targeting the Socket AM1 desktop SoC architecture, and Socket AM4 Zen (microarchitecture). The modern Zen-based Athlon with a Radeon Graphics processor was introduced in 2019 as AMD's highest-performance entry-level processor.
94th Infantry Regiment (France)
The 94th Infantry Regiment (94e régiment d’infanterie or 94e RI) is a French Army regiment. It originated in 1709 as a German regiment in the French army known as the régiment Royal-Bavière. From 1780 to 1791 it was known as the régiment Royal-Hesse-Darmstadt. It is the inheritor of the traditions of the French Imperial Guard and thus is also known as the Grenadiers de la Garde or La Garde rather than by its number. In addition to its traditions being from the Imperial Guard, their beret insignia is that of a French Imperial Eagle. After having been dissolved in 1993 following the reorganization of the French army in 1993, it was reformed in 2005. Retaining its name and traditions, it is now the regiment in the French army that specializes in urban combat (Combat en Zone Urbain or CENZUB in French).

Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)
The Imperial Guard (French: Garde Impériale) was the imperial guard formation of the French Imperial Army. Under the direct command of Napoleon, the formation expanded considerably over time and acted as his personal bodyguard and tactical reserve. The Imperial Guard was divided into a general staff and infantry, cavalry and artillery regiments along with battalions of sappers and marines. It distinguished between experienced veterans and less experienced members by being separated into three formations: the Old Guard, Middle Guard and Young Guard. The Young Guard was virtually annihilated in the Battle of Krasnoi during the French invasion of Russia.
Basilinopolis
Basilinopolis or Basilinoupolis (Greek: Βασιλινούπολις) was a town in Bithynia Prima (civil Diocese of Pontus), which obtained the rank of a city under, or perhaps shortly before, Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate, whose mother was Basilina.

Its exact site is not known. W. M. Ramsay, placed it on the western side of the Lake of Nicaea, near Pazarköy, between Kios (now Gemlik) and Nicaea (Iznik). Modern scholars tentatively identify its site near Yalakdere in Kocaeli Province.

Basilina
Basilina (Greek: Βασιλίνα; died 332/333) was the wife of Julius Constantius and the mother of the Roman emperor Julian (r. 361–363) who in her honour gave the name Basilinopolis to a city in Bithynia (modern Pazarköy near Gemlik, in Turkey).
Val di Chy
Val di Chy is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont. It was created in January 2019 with the merger of the former comuni of Pecco, Alice Superiore and Lugnacco.

Metropolitan City of Turin
The Metropolitan City of Turin (Italian: città metropolitana di Torino; Piedmontese: sità metropolitan-a 'd Turin) is a metropolitan city in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Turin. It replaced the province of Turin and comprises 312 comuni (sg.: comune). It was created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and established by the Law 56/2014. It has been officially operating since 1 January 2015. With a population of 2,204,276, it is the 4th most populous metropolitan city in Italy.

The Metropolitan City of Turin is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 27 October 2021, Stefano Lo Russo has served as the mayor of the capital city, succeeding Chiara Appendino. The largest metropolitan city of Italy, it is the only one to border a foreign state, France.
Vishera Nature Reserve
Vishera Nature Reserve (Russian: Вишерский заповедник), also known as Vishersky, is a nature reserve (zapovednik, lit. 'nature sanctuary') in the middle latitudes of the Ural Mountains in Perm Krai, Russia.  It covers an area of 2,412 km2 (931 square miles), more than 75% of which is dark coniferous forest (taiga).  An additional 20% of the territory is treeless mountain landscape. The Vishera River flows through nature reserve for about 130 km (80 miles).  Administratively, the reserve is located in the extreme north-east of Perm Krai, in Krasnovishersky District.

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Large Volume Detector
The Large Volume Detector (LVD) is a particle physics experiment situated in the Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy and is operated by the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).  It has been in operation since June 1992, and is a member of the Supernova Early Warning System. Among other work, the detector should be able to detect neutrinos from our galaxy and possibly nearby galaxies. The LVD uses 840 scintillator counters around a large tank of hydrocarbons.  The detector can detect both charged current and neutral current interactions.

In 2012, they published the results of measurements of the speed of CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso. The results were consistent with the speed of light. See measurements of neutrino speed.

SuperNova Early Warning System
The SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS) is a network of neutrino detectors designed to give early warning to astronomers in the event of a supernova in the Milky Way, our home galaxy, or in a nearby galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud.

SNEWS has been operating since 2005. As of March 2021, it has not issued any supernova alerts. This is unsurprising, as supernovae appear to be rare: the most recent known supernova remnant in the Milky Way was around the turn of the 20th century, and the most recent Milky Way supernova confirmed to have been observed was Kepler's Supernova in 1604.
Île Tamara Lighthouse
The Île Tamara Lighthouse is a lighthouse in Guinea. It was constructed on Île Tamara, outermost of the Îles de Los, in 1906, and has been active since that time.  It serves as the landfall light for Conakry.  The lighthouse tower itself is only 33 feet (10 m) tall; however, as it was constructed on top of a large boulder, its focal plane is considerably higher, at 311 feet (95 m).

Conakry
Conakry (/ˈkɒnəkri/ KON-ə-kree, French: [kɔnakʁi]; Susu: Kɔnakiri; N'Ko: ߞߐߣߊߞߙߌ߫, romanized: Kɔnakrí; Fula: 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭, romanized: Konaakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2026 Guinea census was 3,407,327.

The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million, or one-sixth of the country's population.
Mr. Harrison's Confessions
Mr. Harrison’s Confessions is an 1851 extended story by Elizabeth Gaskell about a doctor in a small English country town, benefitting from familiarity with the work of a general practitioner in Gaskell's own family.  Episodes from the story and other works were adapted into the 2007 television series based on her novel Cranford.

Cranford (novel)
Cranford is an episodic novel by English author Elizabeth Gaskell. It first appeared in instalments in the magazine Household Words, then was published with minor revisions as a book with the title Cranford  in 1853.  The work slowly became popular and from the start of the 20th century it saw a number of dramatic treatments for the stage, the radio and TV.
Medical malpractice
Medical malpractice is a legal cause of action that occurs when a medical or health care professional, through a negligent act or omission, deviates from standards in their profession, thereby causing injury or death to a patient. The negligence might arise from errors in diagnosis, treatment, aftercare or health management.

An act of medical malpractice usually has three characteristics. Firstly, it must be proven that the treatment has not been consistent with the standard of care, which is the standard medical treatment accepted and recognized by the profession. Secondly, it must be proven that the patient has suffered some kind of injury due to the negligence. In other words, an injury without negligence or an act of negligence without causing any injury cannot be considered malpractice. Thirdly, it must be proven that the injury resulted in significant damages such as disability, unusual pain, suffering, hardship, loss of income or a significant burden of medical bills.

Standard of care
In tort law, the standard of care is the only degree of prudence and caution required of an individual who is under a duty of care.

The requirements of the standard are closely dependent on circumstances. Whether the standard of care has been breached is determined by the trier of fact, and is usually phrased in terms of the reasonable person; this is sometimes labeled as the "reasonable physician standard". It was famously described in Vaughn v. Menlove (1837) as whether the individual "proceed[ed] with such reasonable caution as a prudent man would have exercised under such circumstances".
Michael John Hurdzan
Michael John Hurdzan (born September 11, 1943) is an American golf course architect, author, and a retired United States Army colonel, who served with the United States Army Special Forces (Green Berets). He is a member and past president of the American Society of Golf Course Architects (ASGCA), who is noted for designing and renovating many golf courses and clubs, including U.S. Open golf courses.

Hurdzan is a recipient of the Old Tom Morris Award, the Donald Ross Award and the Don A. Rossi Award, the "triple crown" of his profession and an honor he shares only with Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Byron Nelson, Robert Trent Jones Sr., Rees Jones and, as of 2015, Pete Dye.

Erin Hills
Erin Hills is a golf course in the north central United States, located in Erin, Wisconsin, in Washington County, 35 miles (55 km) northwest of Milwaukee. The course officially opened in 2006. It hosted the 117th U.S. Open in 2017. The announcement was made in 2010. It was the first USGA regular men's event ever awarded to a course owned by an individual.  The 2011 U.S. Amateur, won by Kelly Kraft, was also held at Erin Hills.
Gerald Clarke (artist)
Gerald Clarke (born February 24, 1967) is a sculptor, installation, and conceptual artist from the Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians. His work often reflects on and questions current issues in Native America and the United States, as well as his personal life.

Cahuilla Band of Indians
The Cahuilla Band of Indians is a federally recognized tribe of Cahuilla people located in Southern California. They were formerly the Cahuilla Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Cahuilla Reservation.

The tribe originally came from Coachella Valley, through San Gorgonio Pass, to the San Jacinto Mountains. In 1875, they were relocated to present-day Anza, California.
Albus (coin)
From the Late Middle Ages the albus was a common currency in parts of the Holy Roman Empire, especially in the Rhineland. The name albus is Latin and means "white". Because of its higher silver content, this lighter coin differed in colour from the other inferior coins. This resulted in the names denarius albus (white pfennig), Weißpfennig or Rhenish groschen.

Pfennig
The pfennig (German: [ˈpfɛnɪç] ⓘ; pl. 'pfennigs' or 'pfennige' (listenⓘ); symbol pf or ₰) or penny is a former German coin or note, which was an official currency from the 9th century until the introduction of the euro in 2002. While a valuable coin during the Middle Ages, it lost its value through the years and was the minor coin of the Mark currencies in the German Reich, West Germany and East Germany, and the reunified Germany until the introduction of the euro. Pfennig was also the name of the subunit of the Danzig mark (1922–1923) and the Danzig gulden (1923–1939) in the Free City of Danzig (modern Gdańsk, Poland).
Ancient Cotta
Cotta or Cotte was an ancient town built by Romans in the 1st century AD, in the province of Mauretania Tingitana, intended to function primarily as a garum factory. The town was likely abandoned in the 3rd century AD. Its ancient ruins are now located on the Atlantic coast of modern-day Morocco a few kilometers south of Cap Spartel, and include the garum factory, an olive press, a temple, a villa and a bath complex.

Garum
Garum is a fermented fish sauce that was used as a condiment in the cuisines of Phoenicia, ancient Greece, Rome, Carthage and later Byzantium. Liquamen is a similar preparation, and at times they were synonymous. Although garum enjoyed its greatest popularity in the Western Mediterranean and the Roman world, it was in earlier use by the Greeks. The taste of garum is thought to be comparable to that of today's Asian fish sauces.

Like modern fermented fish sauce and soy sauce, garum was a rich source of umami flavoring due to the presence of glutamates. It was used along with murri in medieval Byzantine and Arab cuisine to give a savory flavor to dishes. Murri may derive from garum.
2018 Copa América Femenina
The 2018 Copa América Femenina was the eighth edition of the CONMEBOL Copa América Femenina (also referred to as the Copa América Femenina), the quadrennial international football competition for women's national teams in South America affiliated with CONMEBOL. The tournament was played between 4 and 22 April 2018 in Chile.

The tournament provided two direct qualifying places and a play-off place (against the fourth-placed team from CONCACAF) for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, one direct qualifying place and a play-off place (against the second-placed team from CAF) for the 2020 Summer Olympic women's football tournament in Japan, and three (teams finishing third to fifth) for the 2019 Pan American Games women's football tournament in Lima, besides Peru who qualified automatically as hosts.

Brazil successfully defended their title, winning all their matches. It was their seventh Copa América Femenina title.

Chile women's national football team
The Chile women's national football team represents Chile in international women's football. It is administered by the Federación de Fútbol de Chile and is a member of CONMEBOL. Chile came close to qualifying for the FIFA Women's World Cup in 1991, 1995, and 2011, finally qualifying in 2019. Chile is, along with Brazil, one of the two teams to never fail to qualify for the Copa América Femenina. Chile's friendlies are frequently played against Argentina, is a traditional rival. The team is currently coached by José Letelier and is captained by Yanara Aedo.

Chile, for qualifying to the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, became the fifth nation in CONMEBOL to have both men's and women's teams qualify for senior FIFA tournaments. Chile is one of only three Spanish-speaking countries to have won a game in the Women's World Cup.

Chile women's national football team qualified for its first Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020.