hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ukrainian command ship Donbas
Donbas (Ukrainian: Донбас) was a Project 304 (NATO reporting name: Amur) former Soviet repair ship that was converted to a command ship of the Ukrainian Navy's 9th Division. She was built on Szczecin Shipyard in Poland in 1969 for the Soviet Navy and entitled PM-9. "PM" is a Russian abbreviation for a repair ship (Russian: Плавучая мастерская, Plavuchaya masterskaya), and literally means a floating repair shop. Donbas was destroyed during the Siege of Mariupol as a part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

9th Naval Surface Ships Division (Ukraine)
The 9th Surface Ships Division is a division of the Ukrainian Navy tasked with protecting and guarding the Ukrainian coast along the Sea of Azov. It was established in 2018 and has participated in multiple engagements during the Russo-Ukrainian War. Although officially active, all the ships of this unit have been either captured or sunk and the fact that entirety of Ukrainian coast along the Sea of Azov has been captured by Russia has rendered it out of operation.
2025 National Bank Open – Men's doubles
Julian Cash and Lloyd Glasspool defeated Joe Salisbury and Neal Skupski in the final, 6–3, 6–7(5–7), [13–11] to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2025 Canadian Open, saving four championships points in the process. It was the first Masters 1000 title for both players. With the win, they achieved a 19-match winning streak across four tournaments (Queen's Club, Eastbourne, Wimbledon, and Toronto) and became the first team to qualify for the 2025 ATP Finals. This was the first all-British Masters 1000 final, and the fourth on the ATP Tour in the Open Era.

Marcel Granollers and Horacio Zeballos were the reigning champions, but Granollers withdrew before the tournament began. Zeballos partnered Austin Krajicek, but lost in the second round to Salisbury and Skupski.

Julian Cash
Julian Cash (born 29 August 1996) is a British tennis player who specialises in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 2 achieved on 18 August 2025. Cash won the 2025 Wimbledon title with Lloyd Glasspool becoming the first all-British team to win the title in 89 years. He has won an additional nine ATP Tour doubles titles.

He has also won 17 ATP Challenger doubles titles, 11 with Henry Patten. Ten of the titles came in 2022, a record for most Challenger doubles titles in a single season. He also has a career high singles ranking of No. 786 achieved on 1 August 2022.
2018 Japan–South Korea radar lock-on dispute
The 2018 Japan–South Korea radar lock-on dispute is about an incident between a Japanese airplane and a South Korean warship. The aircraft was part of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF), while the vessel was part of the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN). The event occurred on 20 December 2018, without the firing of any weapon, and was followed by a large diplomatic dispute between Japan and South Korea. In June 2024, both countries agreed on steps to prevent a recurrence, effectively dropping the issue without resolving the exact circumstances around the event itself.

Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea
The Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) is an agreement reached at the 2014 Western Pacific Naval Symposium to reduce the chance of an incident at sea between the countries in the agreement, and — in the event that one occurs — to prevent it from escalating. Twenty one countries have joined the agreement, including Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, France, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Tonga, the United States and Vietnam. Taiwan, a non-signatory state also reportedly implements the agreement.

CUES had been proposed a decade earlier, but China opposed earlier versions, because of references to potential legal standing.
Gastonia, North Carolina
Gastonia is a city in and the county seat of Gaston County, North Carolina, United States. The most populous city in the county and the 13th-most populous city in North Carolina, the population was 80,411 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC Combined Statistical Area.

The city is a historic center for textile manufacturing and was the site of the Loray Mill Strike of 1929, which became a key event in the labor movement. While manufacturing remains important to the local economy, the city also has healthcare, education, and government sectors.

Hickory, North Carolina
Hickory is a city in western North Carolina primarily located in Catawba County. The 25th most populous city in the state, it is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Charlotte.

Hickory's population in the 2022 United States Census Bureau estimate was 44,084. Hickory is the main city of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of 368,347 in the 2022 census, and is included in the larger  Charlotte-Concord, NC Combined Statistical Area with a population of 3,387,115 in 2022.

In 2014, Reader's Digest named the Hickory metro area as the 10th best place to live and raise a family in the United States. Forbes ranked the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton MSA the third best MSA in the country for business cost in the same year. The Hickory MSA was described by Smart Growth America in 2014 as being the country's most sprawling metro area. In 2023, Travel and Leisure rated Hickory as the most beautiful and affordable place to live in the U.S.
States and union territories of India
India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 subnational entities. The states and union territories in turn are each subdivided into a total of around 800 districts, which contain further administrative subdivisions.

Under the Indian Constitution and laws, the states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government. The legal power to manage affairs in each state is shared or divided between the particular state government on one hand and the national union government on the other. The union territories are directly governed by the union government; no state level government (and thus no division of power) exists in these jurisdictions.

Patiala and East Punjab States Union
The Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) (not to be confused with PEPSI) was a State of India, uniting eight princely states between 1948 and 1956. The capital and principal city was Patiala. The state covered an area of 26,208 km2. Kasauli, Kandaghat and Chail was also part of PEPSU.
The Birthday Eve
The Birthday Eve is the first studio album by Japanese heavy metal band Loudness.  It was released in 1981 only in Japan. The 24bit digitally remastered Japanese limited edition CD includes two additional tracks not on the original release, coming from the first single of the band. The success of the album was measured by Loudness' sold out debut concert at Asakusa International Theater, in front of an audience of 2.700.

Loudness (band)
Loudness (Japanese: ラウドネス, Hepburn: Raudonesu) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in 1981 by guitarist Akira Takasaki and drummer Munetaka Higuchi. They were the first Japanese metal act signed to a major label in the United States. Loudness subsequently released twenty-six studio albums (five licensed in America) and nine live albums by 2014 and reached the Billboard Top 100 during their heyday as well as charting on Oricon dozens of times. Despite numerous line-up changes in the band's history, leaving Takasaki as the sole constant member, the band continued their activities throughout the 1990s, finally reuniting the original line-up in 2000. This incarnation released a further seven albums until November 30, 2008, when original drummer Munetaka Higuchi died from liver cancer at a hospital in Osaka at age 49. He was replaced by Masayuki Suzuki.
Malicious (1995 film)
Malicious is a 1995 erotic thriller film starring Molly Ringwald and Patrick McGaw.

The film's main villain has been discussed by psychiatrists and film experts, and has been used as a film illustration for the psychiatric entity known as borderline personality disorder.

Patrick McGaw
Patrick McGaw (born September 13, 1967) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Neutron in the 1995 film The Basketball Diaries and as Doug Gordon in the 1996 film Malicious.

McGaw appeared in the films Amongst Friends (1993) (his first acting credit), Scorpion Spring (1996) and Dream with the Fishes (1997). From 1997 to 1998, he was a regular cast member on the Steven Bochco-produced police drama Brooklyn South, playing Terry Doyle. He then guest starred in the series  CSI: Crime Scene Investigation in 2008, which is his last acting credit to date.
Matilda (1978 film)
Matilda is a 1978 American comedy film directed by Daniel Mann and starring Elliott Gould, Robert Mitchum and Lionel Stander. The screenplay by Timothy Galfas and Albert S. Ruddy is based on the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Gallico.

Paul Gallico
Paul William Gallico (July 26, 1897 – July 15, 1976) was an American novelist and short story and sports writer. Many of his works were adapted for motion pictures. He is perhaps best remembered for The Snow Goose, his most critically successful book, for the novel The Poseidon Adventure, primarily through the 1972 film adaptation, and for four novels about the beloved character of Mrs. Harris.
The ZhuZhus
The ZhuZhus (formerly known as Polly and the ZhuZhu Pets) is an animated children's television series developed by Hugh Duffy for Disney Channel and YTV. The series is based on the American toy franchise ZhuZhu Pets. It is the second animated adaptation starring the Fab Four; Pipsqueak, Mr. Squiggles, Num Nums, and Chunk, following Quest for Zhu in 2011.

The series is about Frankie Pamplemousse, a young girl who owns four talking hamsters. It debuted on Disney Channel in the United States on September 12, 2016.

Quest for Zhu
Quest for Zhu is a 2011 direct-to-DVD animated action/adventure film and the first full-length feature film based on the ZhuZhu Pets franchise. It stars Canadian voice actors Mariah Wilkerson, Shannon Chan-Kent, Ian James Corlett, Sean Campbell, Erin Mathews, Jillian Michaels, Jan Rabson, and Kathleen Barr. The film was released on DVD on September 27, 2011.
István Juhász (footballer)
István Juhász (17 July 1945 – 16 September 2024) was a Hungarian football midfielder, who played for Ferencváros.

Juhász won a gold medal in football at the 1968 Summer Olympics and also participated in UEFA Euro 1972 for the Hungary national team.

Following the end of his career, Juhász went to live in the United States for several decades, but later resettled in Hungary. He died on 16 September 2024, at the age of 79.

Football at the 1968 Summer Olympics
The 1968 Olympic football tournament was played as part of the 1968 Summer Olympics. The tournament features 16 men's national teams from five continental confederations. The 16 teams are drawn into four groups of four and each group plays a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at the Azteca Stadium on 26 October 1968. This was the first time an Asian team won a medal, Japan claiming bronze.
Large Marge
"Large Marge" is the fourth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 24, 2002. In the episode, Marge decides to get liposuction, thinking that Homer no longer finds her attractive. However, she accidentally receives breast implants, so she becomes adored by many men in Springfield and becomes a model. Meanwhile, Bart and Milhouse try to imitate a stunt they saw on an episode of Batman that guest-starred Krusty the Clown. When the stunt ends badly, media watchdog groups blame Krusty, forcing the clown to make his show more safety-conscious and less fun.

This is the final episode to feature Jan Hooks as Manjula Nahasapeemapetilon before her death in October 2014.

Ian Maxtone-Graham
Ian Maxtone-Graham is an American television writer and producer. He has formerly written for Saturday Night Live (1992–1995) and The Simpsons (1995–2012), as well as serving as a co-executive producer and consulting producer for the latter from its seventh to its twenty-fourth seasons.
Laughter on the 23rd Floor
Laughter on the 23rd Floor is a 1993 play by Neil Simon. It focuses on the star and writers of a TV comedy-variety show in the 1950s, inspired by Simon's own early career experience as a junior writer (along with his brother Danny) for Your Show of Shows and Caesar's Hour.

Mark Linn-Baker
Mark Linn-Baker (born Mark Linn Baker; June 17, 1954) is an American actor and director who played Benjy Stone in the film My Favorite Year and Larry Appleton in the television sitcom Perfect Strangers.
1973 World Figure Skating Championships
The 1973 World Figure Skating Championships were held from February 26 to March 3 in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. It was the last year in which solid gold medals were awarded in figure skating.

The opening ceremony was held at the Philharmonic of Bratislava. The Chairman of the organising committee was Miroslav Červenka. In the ladies' single skating withdrew before the opening ceremony Sonja Balun from Austria and Zsuzsa Homolya from Hungary.

Irina Rodnina won her first World title with her new partner, Aleksandr Zaytsev after her previous partner, Aleksey Ulanov, chose to skate with Lyudmila Smirnova. Rodnina/Zaitsev's music stopped during their short program, possibly due to a Czech worker acting in retaliation for the suppression of the Prague Spring.

Irina Rodnina
Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina (Russian: Ирина Константиновна Роднина, IPA: [ɪˈrʲinə kənstɐnˈtʲinəvnə rədʲnʲɪˈna]; born 12 September 1949) is a Russian politician and retired figure skater, who is the only pair skater to win 10 successive World Championships (1969–78) and three successive Olympic gold medals (1972, 1976, 1980). She was elected to the State Duma in the 2007 legislative election as a member of President Vladimir Putin's United Russia party. As a figure skater, she initially competed with Alexei Ulanov and later teamed up with Alexander Zaitsev. She is the first pair skater to win the Olympic title with two different partners, followed only by Artur Dmitriev.
Othello (1951 film)
Othello (also known as The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice) is a 1951 tragedy film based on the Shakespearean play, written, directed, produced by, and starring Orson Welles. The film also stars Micheál Mac Liammóir as Iago (one of his only starring film roles), Robert Coote as Roderigo, Suzanne Cloutier as Desdemona, Michael Laurence as Cassio, Fay Compton as Emilia and Doris Dowling as Bianca.

Othello was filmed on location over a three-year period in Morocco, Venice, Tuscany and Rome as well as at the Scalera Studios in Rome. Recipient of the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film (precursory name for the Palme d'Or) at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival, the film was distributed by United Artists when it was released in the United States in 1955. Three different versions of the film have seen theatrical release — two supervised by Welles and a 1992 restoration supervised by his daughter Beatrice Welles.

Beatrice Welles
Beatrice Giuditta Welles (also known as Beatrice Mori di Gerfalco Welles; born November 13, 1955) is an American former child actress, known for her roles in the film Chimes at Midnight (1966) and the documentary travelogue In the Land of Don Quixote (1964).: 430–431  The daughter of American filmmaker Orson Welles and Italian actress Paola Mori, she is a former model, radio and TV personality, founder of a cosmetics line and designer of handbags and jewelry.
Putney, Kentucky
Putney is an unincorporated community and coal town in  Harlan County, Kentucky, United States. It is one of the trail heads for the Black Mountain Off-Road Adventure area. It's also the home to the Harlan Co. Campgrounds & Cabins, which offers several luxury cabins to rent, including a full-size replica of the Bate's Motel House.

Harlan County, Kentucky
Harlan County is located in southeastern Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,831. The county seat is Harlan. Kentucky's highest natural point, Black Mountain (4,145 feet (1,263 m)), is in Harlan County.

During the Great Depression it was a center of labor strife between coal mine owners and unionized workers, notably in the Harlan County War of the 1930s. After the respite provided by WWII's need for coal to drive war production, the industry declined in the 1950s. The loss of jobs resulted in a steadily declining population and depressed economy. Harlan County has a high prevalence of poverty, lower longevity, and low family income.

Harlan is generally a dry county but because Cumberland is "wet" (package alcohol sales are allowed) and Harlan city permits restaurants seating 100+ to serve alcohol  it is considered a moist county.
Aonodōmon
Aonodōmon (青の洞門, meaning "blue tunnel") is a tourist attraction located in the gorge of Yabakei, now part of Nakatsu City, in Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

Legend has it that before the tunnel was built, people had to climb over the cliffs through which the tunnel is built to reach an important local shrine. The path was very dangerous and people regularly fell to their deaths. During the Edo period, a Buddhist monk named Zenkai, who had committed a murder in his earlier life, decided to build a safe passage for worshipers in order to atone for his crime. Beginning at the age of 49, he dedicated 30 years of his life to digging the 185 metre tunnel by hand, using only a hammer and chisel.  The tunnel was opened for use in 1763.

Aonodōmon was made famous by a popular book written by author Kikuchi Kan.

Yabakei
The gorge of Yabakei (耶馬渓) is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty spanning the municipalities of Kusu and Nakatsu in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Located within Yaba-Hita-Hikosan Quasi-National Park, it was selected as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan during the Shōwa era.
Yabakei was formerly the name of a town, but was merged into Nakatsu Municipality in 2005. According to Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan, official confirmed report, in despite the absence of rain, suddenly landslides occurred on the mountain slope, three houses were buried in the place and six people lost their lives on 11 April 2018.
Octavius Douglas-Hamilton
Maj.-Gen. Octavius Douglas-Hamilton (1821-1904) was the son of Lieutenant Augustus Barrington Price Anne Powell Hamilton and Maria Catherine Hyde, a grandson of Admiral Charles Powell Hamilton and Lucretia Prosser. He was born on 15 February 1821 in Boulogne, France.

The family surname was changed to Douglas-Hamilton in 1875.

Octavius Douglas-Hamilton was commissioned in 1839 in 2nd Bengal European Cavalry. He served in the Punjab Campaign in 1848 and 1849, and at the Siege of Delhi in 1857, and the actions at Hindon and Basil-Ka-Serai..

He retired in 1875 and was granted the honorary rank of Major General.

He was married to Katharine Augusta Westenra Macleod (b. ca 1822, d. 30 Nov 1902), dau. of Capt Donald Macleod CB RN. They were the parents of Major Angus Falconer Douglas-Hamilton, V.C.

He died on 14 Aug 1904 at 46 Marylands Road, Paddington, London, England.

Angus Douglas-Hamilton
Lieutenant-Colonel Angus Falconer Douglas-Hamilton VC (20 August 1863 – 26 September 1915) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Robert Teichmüller
Robert Teichmüller (4 May 1863, in Braunschweig – 6 May 1939, in Leipzig) was a German concert pianist and music educator.

He studied piano and music theory with Carl Reinecke at the Leipzig Conservatory where he later became a faculty member in 1897, promoted to professor in 1908. He became one of the most influential piano teachers of his time. His students included notable pianists Günther Ramin, Sigfrid Karg-Elert, Siegfried Rapp, Harry Dean, Kurt Hessenberg, Eileen Joyce, Rudolf Wagner-Régeny, Didia Saint Georges, Herbert Albert, Rudolf Mauersberger, Elinor Kaland (maiden name Loose), Leonard Shepherd Munn, Ninon Romaine, and Ernst Oster, who became a music theory teacher. He also edited piano music of Mozart and Max Reger. In 1927 he wrote an ongoing survey of "International Modern Piano Music" with Kurt Hermann.

Ernst Oster
Ernst Oster (January 26, 1908 – June 30, 1977) was a German pianist, musicologist, and music theorist. A specialist in the use of Schenkerian Analysis, he was the English translator of Heinrich Schenker's final work, Free Composition.
Castelmagno
Castelmagno (Occitan: Chastèlmanh) is a small comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Cuneo.

The population of the municipality of Castelmagno is divided between the frazioni (hamlets) of Einaudi, Campomolino (seat of the city hall), Colletto, Nerone, Chiotti and Chiappi; "Castelmagno" is the name of the municipal entity, not corresponding to any hamlet. The main attraction is the sanctuary of San Magno, at an elevation of 1,761 metres (5,778 ft) above sea level.

Castelmagno borders the following municipalities: Celle di Macra, Demonte, Dronero, Marmora, Monterosso Grana, Pradleves, and San Damiano Macra.

Province of Cuneo
The province of Cuneo (Italian: provincia di Cuneo; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Coni) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. To the west, it borders the French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Hautes-Alpes), to the north the Metropolitan City of Turin, to the east the province of Asti and to the south the Ligurian provinces of Savona and Imperia. It is also known as la Provincia Granda (Piedmontese for 'The Big Province'), because it is the largest province in Piedmont and the fourth-largest in Italy (following Sassari, South Tyrol and Foggia). Briga Marittima and Tenda were part of this province before their cession to France in 1947.
Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (or GALT, G1PUT) is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.12) responsible for converting ingested galactose to glucose.

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely:

UDP-glucose + galactose 1-phosphate  glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-galactose

The expression of GALT is controlled by the actions of the FOXO3 gene. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined.

galactose

glucose

Leloir pathway
The Leloir pathway is a metabolic pathway for the catabolism of D-galactose. It is named after Luis Federico Leloir, who first described it.

In the first step, galactose mutarotase facilitates the conversion of β-D-galactose to α-D-galactose since this is the active form in the pathway.  Next, α-D-galactose is phosphorylated by galactokinase to galactose 1-phosphate. In the third step, D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase converts galactose 1-phosphate to UDP-galactose using UDP-glucose as the uridine diphosphate source.  Finally, UDP-galactose 4-epimerase recycles the UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose for the transferase reaction.  Additionally, phosphoglucomutase converts the D-glucose 1-phosphate to D-glucose 6-phosphate.