hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papule
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. Some have crusts or scales. A papule can be flesh colored, yellow, white, brown, red, blue or purplish. There may be just one or many, and they may occur irregularly in different parts of the body or appear in clusters. It does not contain fluid but may progress to a pustule or vesicle. A papule is smaller than a nodule; it can be as tiny as a pinhead and is typically less than 1 cm in width, according to some sources, and 0.5 cm according to others. When merged together, it appears as a plaque.

A papule's colour might indicate its cause, such as white in milia, red in eczema, yellowish in xanthoma and black in melanoma. They may open when scratched and become infected and crusty.

Xanthoma
A xanthoma (pl. xanthomas or xanthomata) (condition: xanthomatosis) is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material that can appear anywhere in the body in various disease states. They are cutaneous manifestations of lipidosis in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin. They are associated with hyperlipidemias, both primary and secondary types.

Tendon xanthomas are associated with type II hyperlipidemia, chronic biliary tract obstruction, primary biliary cirrhosis, sitosterolemia and the rare metabolic disease cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis. Palmar xanthomata and tuberoeruptive xanthomata (over knees and elbows) occur in type III hyperlipidemia.
Arnela Odžaković
Arnela Odžaković (born September 5, 1983, in Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian karateka and sportswoman of the year in 2007.

She finished fifth in the female +60 kg kumite division at the 2006 World Karate Championships. In May 2010, karaterec.com ranked her number 10 among kumite females in the +60 kg division (129th overall).

She started her karate career at the age of 8. Due to circumstances of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina she had to leave her hometown and to stay in Goražde during the war. In 1996 she moved to Sarajevo and became a member of the Sensei Karate Club under instructor Merita Tirić-Čampara. Since the year 2000 she is a member of the Bushido Karate Club in Sarajevo.

During twelve years of her career, she collected more than 150 medals at national and international competitions.

Trebinje
Trebinje (Serbian Cyrillic: Требиње, pronounced [trěːbiɲe]) is a city and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the southernmost city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is situated on the banks of the Trebišnjica river in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 31,433 inhabitants. The city's old town quarter, the Walled town of Trebinje, dates to the 18th-century Ottoman period and includes the Arslanagić Bridge on the Trebišnjica River, as of recently also known as Perovića Bridge. The city is one of the region’s popular tourist spots
Daryl Gates
Daryl Francis Gates (born Darrel Francis Gates; August 30, 1926 – April 16, 2010) was an American police officer who served as chief of the Los Angeles Police Department from 1978 to 1992. His length of tenure in this position was second only to that of William H. Parker. Gates is often credited with the creation of police SWAT teams and also co-founded the Drug Abuse Resistance Education ("D.A.R.E.") program.

After the arrest of Rodney King and the subsequent riots, Gates resigned from the LAPD. Much of the blame for the riots was attributed to him. According to one study, "scandalous racist violence... marked the LAPD under Gates's tempestuous leadership."

Christopher Commission
The Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department, informally known as the Christopher Commission, was formed by then-mayor of Los Angeles, Tom Bradley, in April 1991, in the wake of the Rodney King beating.

It was chaired by attorney Warren Christopher (who later became U.S. Secretary of State under President Bill Clinton). "The commission was created to conduct 'a full and fair examination of the structure and operation of the LAPD,' including its recruitment and training practices, internal disciplinary system, and citizen complaint system."

A year after the commission was formed, the officers involved in the King beating were acquitted, leading to the 1992 Los Angeles riots.
Charles Gascoigne
Charles Gascoigne (1737–1806) was a British industrialist at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Gascoigne was an architect, mechanic, inventor, businessman and industrialist. He spent the final twenty years of his life in the Russian Empire, gaining fame as an engineer-inventor, entrepreneur, and specialist in production.

Gascoigne is regarded as the founder of the industrial city of Luhansk in eastern Ukraine, in 1795.

Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (Russian: Петрозаводск, IPA: [pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk]; Karelian, Veps and Finnish: Petroskoi; Ludian: Petrouskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). The population of the city is 280,890 as of 2022.
Stephen Law (governor of Bombay)
Stephen Law (1699 – 25 December 1787) was the Governor of Bombay from 7 April 1739 to 15 November 1742.

Law was born into a merchant family and became an East India Company writer in Bombay in 1715, graduating in 1720 to become a factor.

In 1739, he was appointed Governor. He was recalled in 1742 following accusations of excessive expenditure in protecting the settlement from the Marathas. He retired to Broxbourne Manor, Broxbourne, England and became a Director of the Company for 1746–49, 1751–54, and 1756.

After his wife died in January 1785, he moved to Goudhurst in Kent.

Goudhurst
Goudhurst is a village and civil parish in the borough of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England. It lies in the Weald, around 12 miles (19 km) south of Maidstone, on the crossroads of the A262 and B2079.

The parish consists of three wards: Goudhurst, Kilndown and Curtisden Green. Hamlets include Bedgebury Cross, Iden Green, Stonecrouch and Winchet Hill.
Dark Kingdom
The Dark Kingdom (Japanese: ダーク・キングダム, Hepburn: Dāku Kingudamu) is a group of fictional characters in the Sailor Moon manga series by Naoko Takeuchi. They are the chief villains of the first story arc in every version of the series, and were first introduced in the first chapter of the manga, "Usagi – Sailor Moon", originally published in Japan's Nakayoshi on 28 December 1991. In the DIC English adaptation, the Dark Kingdom's title was changed to "Negaverse".

In each variation of the series, the characters—led by Queen Beryl—attempt to steal life energy from humans and the Silver Crystal so they can release the evil Queen Metaria, who was imprisoned by Queen Serenity during the destruction of the Moon Kingdom during the Silver Millennium period.

Codename: Sailor V
Codename: Sailor V (Japanese: コードネームはセーラーＶ, Hepburn: Kōdonēmu wa Sērā Bui) is a Japanese manga series created by Naoko Takeuchi. It began as a one-shot in the magazine RunRun in August 1991, and returned as a serial that ran until July 1997. The series revolves around the character Minako Aino, a cheerful schoolgirl who discovers that she has magical powers that she must use to protect the people of the Earth.

Codename: Sailor V is best known as the basis for its sequel, Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon, which began serialization in December 1991. The series has received mixed reviews, with critics acknowledging its importance in the development of Sailor Moon, but criticizing its artwork and repetitive storytelling. Beginning in 2004, Kodansha has reissued the manga in several new editions with revised art and dialogue by Takeuchi. The series was translated into English and published in North America in 2011.
Świętouść
Świętouść (Polish: [ɕfjɛnˈtɔ.uɕt͡ɕ]; German: Swantuss) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wolin, within Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) north of Wolin, 11 km (7 mi) west of Kamień Pomorski, and 63 km (39 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

Gmina Wolin
Gmina Wolin is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Wolin, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Kamień Pomorski and 48 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 327.41 square kilometres (126.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 12,351 (out of which the population of Wolin amounts to 4,878, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 7,473).
Morvern
Morvern (Scottish Gaelic: A' Mhorbhairne [ə ˈvɔɾɔ.əɾɲə]; "the sea-gap"), historically also spelt Morven, is a peninsula and traditional district in the Highlands, on the west coast of Scotland. It lies south of the districts of Ardgour and Sunart, and is bounded on the north by Loch Sunart and Glen Tarbert, on the south east by Loch Linnhe and on the south west by the Sound of Mull. The highest point is the summit of the Corbett Creach Bheinn which reaches 853 metres (2,799 ft) in elevation.

Administratively Morvern is now part of the ward management area of Lochaber, in  Highland council area.  It forms part of the traditional shire and current registration county of Argyll.

Morvern is approximately 250 square miles (650 square kilometres) in area, with a current population of about 320.

Sound of Mull
The Sound of Mull is a sound between the Inner Hebridean island of Mull and mainland Scotland. It forms part of the Atlantic Ocean.

The Sound of Mull Project is a Scottish Sustainable Marine Environment Initiative (SSMEI) spatial plan of Argyll and Bute Council which sets out details on the marine, environmental and coastal activities in the Sound.

The largest settlement on the Sound is Tobermory on Mull, which lies near the northern entrance of the Sound.
Sam Day (jockey)
Sam Day (1802–66) was an English jockey who won The Derby on 3 occasions: in 1821 aboard the grey Gustavus, in 1830 on Priam and once again atop Pyrrhus The First in the 1846 Derby. He also won a 1,000 Guineas / Oaks double in 1846 on Mendicant.

The son of John Day, and brother of John Barham Day, he became apprenticed to a trainer called Cooper, who trained for the Duke of York in Newmarket. After his second Derby win, he retired to a farm near Reading, but when this was not a financial success he wasted back down to 7 stone 12 pounds and, with help from his nephew John, resumed riding. When eventually he retired again, he trained on a small scale at Ascot.

He was one of several horsemen from the Day family, but was reputed to be more honest than other family members. He was a cheerful, hardy man and a tough, wiry, elegant rider.

Gustavus (horse)
Gustavus (1818–1840) was a Thoroughbred racehorse that won the 1821 Epsom Derby. Gustavus was the first grey horse to win the Epsom Derby. He raced until he was four years old and was retired to stud in 1823. Gustavus was exported to Prussia in 1836, at the age of 18. Gustavus was not a successful sire.
23rd Gemini Awards
The Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television's 23rd Gemini Awards were held on November 28, 2008, to honour achievements in Canadian television. The awards show, which was hosted by Jason Priestley, took place at the John Bassett Theatre in Toronto and was broadcast on Showcase and E!.

John Zaritsky
John Zaritsky (13 July 1943 – 30 March 2022) was a Canadian documentarian/filmmaker. His work has been broadcast in 35 countries and screened at more than 40 film festivals around the world; in 1983, his film Just Another Missing Kid won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
Ellen Key
Ellen Karolina Sofia Key (Swedish: [ˈkej]; 11 December 1849 – 25 April 1926) was a Swedish difference feminist writer on many subjects in the fields of family life, ethics and education and was an important figure in the Modern Breakthrough movement. She was an early advocate of a child-centered approach to education and parenting, and was also a suffragist.

She is best known for her book on education Barnets århundrade (1900), which was translated into English in 1909 as The Century of the Child.

Modern Breakthrough
The Modern Breakthrough (Danish: Det moderne gennembrud; Norwegian: Det moderne gjennombrudd; Swedish: Det moderna genombrottet) was a movement of naturalism and debating literature of Scandinavia which replaced romanticism near the end of the 19th century.

The term "The Modern Breakthrough" is used about the period 1870-1890 in the history of literature in Scandinavia, which in this period had a breakthrough from the rest of Europe. Danish theorist Georg Brandes is often considered to be the "wire-puller" behind the movement, although some of the authors had already begun to write in a realistic style before he formulated the aesthetic paradigm of the movement. His lectures at Copenhagen University starting 1871 and his work Main Currents in 19th Century Literature (Danish: Hovedstrømninger i det 19. Aarhundredes Litteratur) mark the beginning of the period.
South Ogden, Utah
South Ogden is a city in Weber County, Utah, United States with 17,199 residents. The population was 17,488 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The current mayor is Russell L. Porter.

Weber County, Utah
Weber County (/ˈwiːbər/ WEE-bər) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 262,223, making it Utah's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat and largest city is Ogden, the home of Weber State University. The county was named after a fur trapper John Weber.

Weber County is part of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area as well as the Salt Lake City metropolitan area.
Ragi mudde
Ragi mudde, ragi sangati or ragi kali, colloquially simply referred to as either mudde or hittu which means 'lump' or 'dough', is a finger millet swallow dish from South India. In Rayalaseema Region in Andhra Pradesh it is called Ragi Sangati. In Tamil Nadu, it is called ragi kali. Ragi mudde is a staple food in the districts of Mysuru, Mandya, Ramanagara, Chamarajanagar, Hassan, Tumakuru, Bengaluru Rural in Karnataka. A similar variation known as dhindo is also eaten in Northeast India, Nepal and Bhutan. In Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in northern India, a similar variation is known as baadi and baari respectively.

Swallow (food)
Swallows are a category of dough-like African and Indian staple food made of cooked starchy vegetables and/or grains. This food category is known as Okele in the Yoruba language. Fufu of Western Africa, ugali and nsima of Eastern Africa, and sadza of Southern Africa are examples of swallows. The term "swallow" (or "swallows") is a Nigerian English usage that refers to the way these foods are traditionally eaten: pinched off, molded into a small ball or scoop, dipped in soup or stew, and swallowed without chewing. However, this blanket term is not traditionally used by most native consumers, who almost always refer to each preparation by its specific local name (e.g., fufu, iyan, eba, tuwo, ugali, nsima, sadza, pap, banku, etc.) even when speaking English.
Boran Kuzum
Boran Kuzum (born 1 October 1992) is a Turkish actor. He graduated from the Theater Department of Istanbul University State Conservatory in 2015. Kuzum had studied economy at Ankara Gazi University for a year, but dropped out to focus on acting.

Istanbul University State Conservatory
The Istanbul University State Conservatory (Turkish: İstanbul Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuarı) is a public conservatory affiliated with Istanbul University, specializing in music, theatre, and dance, located in Istanbul. It is recognized as the oldest conservatory and the oldest continuously operating music school in Turkey. The university provides music training from secondary school levels up to doctoral studies. Its main building, situated in Kadıköy, is a historical market hall, with the ground floor currently functioning as an active theatre venue.
Chris Dishman
Christopher Michael Dishman (born February 27, 1974) is an American former professional football guard. Dishman grew up in Cozad, Nebraska, where he played on the 1991 Class B state champion team. He was also a class B state wrestling runner up. Dishman played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers. After college he played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL), including 7 for the Arizona Cardinals and 1 for the St. Louis Rams. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1997 NFL draft.

Cozad, Nebraska
Cozad is a city in Dawson County, Nebraska, United States. As of the 2020 census, Cozad had a population of 3,988. The town is on the Great Plains of central Nebraska, along the Union Pacific Railroad and U.S. Route 30, just north of the Platte River. The 100th meridian, which roughly marks the eastward boundary of the arid plains, passes just west of the town as is marked nearby on a prominent sign across U.S. 30. In the early 1860s, the meridian was a stop along the Pony Express.
Narayana polynomials
Narayana polynomials are a class of polynomials whose coefficients are the Narayana numbers. The Narayana numbers and Narayana polynomials are named after the Canadian mathematician T. V. Narayana (1930–1987). They appear in several combinatorial problems.

Schröder number
In mathematics, the Schröder number  also called a large Schröder number or big Schröder number, describes the number of lattice paths from the southwest corner  of an  grid to the northeast corner  using only single steps north,  northeast,  or east,  that do not rise above the SW–NE diagonal.

The first few Schröder numbers are

1, 2, 6, 22, 90, 394, 1806, 8558, ... (sequence A006318 in the OEIS).

where  and  They were named after the German mathematician Ernst Schröder.
Comte AC-11-V
The Comte AC-11-V was a 1930s Swiss three-seat cabin monoplane produced by Flugzeugbau A. Comte for aerial photography and mapping.  The AC-11-V was a high-wing monoplane with a taikskid-conventional landing gear and powered by a 220 hp (164 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Lynx radial engine.

Alfred Comte
Alfred Comte (4 June 1895 – 1 November 1965) was a Swiss aviation pioneer. He was active as a pilot, photographer, instructor, and also as one of the first aviation entrepreneurs. He was successful in the construction of civilian and military aircraft.
Nazzareno Mandolesi
Nazzareno Mandolesi (born 31 August 1944 in San Benedetto del Tronto) is an Italian astrophysicist and cosmologist. He graduated in physics from the University of Bologna in 1969 and pursued further studies at Imperial. From 1975 to 2010, he led the Team for Infrared Astronomy and Experimental Cosmology in Bologna. He was also a visiting professor at Haverford College in 1978.

In 2018, Mandolesi was co-awarded the Gruber Prize in Cosmology alongside Jean-Loup Puget for their leadership of the ESA Planck project, which collected data from the Cosmic Microwave Background at 'an unprecedented level' of accuracy.

Gruber Prize in Cosmology
The Gruber Prize in Cosmology, established in 2000, is one of three prestigious international awards worth US$500,000 awarded by the Gruber Foundation, a non-profit organization based at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

Since 2001, the Gruber Prize in Cosmology has been co-sponsored by the International Astronomical Union.

Recipients are selected by a panel from nominations that are received from around the world.

The Gruber Foundation Cosmology Prize honors a leading cosmologist, astronomer, astrophysicist or scientific philosopher for theoretical, analytical or conceptual discoveries leading to fundamental advances in the field.
Language Barrier (album)
Language Barrier is a studio album by Jamaican musical duo Sly and Robbie, released in 1985 by Island Records. The album features guest musicians Herbie Hancock, Bob Dylan, Afrika Bambaataa, and Manu DiBango.

Sly and Robbie
Sly and Robbie were a prolific Jamaican rhythm section and production duo, associated primarily with the reggae and dub genres. Drummer Sly Dunbar and bassist Robbie Shakespeare teamed up in the mid-1970s after establishing themselves separately in Jamaica as professional musicians. They recorded several albums under the Sly and Robbie name, and made hundreds of appearances on records by other performers.

Shakespeare died in December 2021 following kidney surgery, and Dunbar on 26 January 2026.
Beauport Harfangs
The Beauport Harfangs (Snow Owls) were a junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) from 1990 to 1997. The team played its home games at the Aréna Marcel-Bédard in the Quebec City suburb of Beauport. The team's first coach was Alain Chainey, who had previously been an assistant coach with the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Quebec Nordiques. The Harfangs played for seven seasons before relocating to Quebec City in 1997 to become the second incarnation of the Quebec Remparts.

Quebec Remparts
The Quebec Remparts (French: Remparts de Québec) are a Canadian junior ice hockey based in Quebec City, Quebec. The team plays in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), and is named after the Ramparts of Quebec City (French: Remparts de Québec). There have been two franchises named the Quebec Remparts. The first edition played from 1969 to 1985; the current franchise has played since 1997. The current team plays at Centre Vidéotron.
Secretary of Health (Philippines)
The secretary of health (Filipino: Kalihim ng Kalusugan) is the Cabinet of the Philippines member who is in charge of the Department of Health. The secretary of health is also the ex-officio chairperson of the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth).

Department of Health (Philippines)
The Department of Health (DOH; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Kalusugan) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services by all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care, the regulation of all health services and products. It is the government's over-all technical authority on health. It has its headquarters at the San Lazaro Compound, along Rizal Avenue in Manila.

The current head of the department is Sec. Ted Herbosa. The health secretary is also a member of the Cabinet.
Santa Teresa di Riva
Santa Teresa di Riva (Sicilian: Santa Tresa di Riva) is a small town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, southern Italy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) from Taormina.  The town was known until 1854 as Marina di Savoca when it was renamed in honor of Teresa d'Austria.  The town is neighbored to the northeast by the towns of Furci Siculo and Roccalumera, to the west by Savoca, and to the southwest by Sant'Alessio Siculo and the mountainous Forza d'Agrò.

Furci Siculo
Furci Siculo (Sicilian: Furci Sìculu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Messina. Furci Siculo is twinned with Octeville sur Mer since 2010.

Furci Siculo borders the following municipalities: Casalvecchio Siculo, Pagliara, Roccalumera, Santa Lucia del Mela, Santa Teresa di Riva, Savoca.
Annihilator (film)
Annihilator is a 1986 science fiction television film directed by Michael Chapman and starring Mark Lindsay Chapman, Catherine Mary Stewart, Susan Blakely and Lisa Blount. It was an unsold pilot for a potential TV series.

Michael Chapman (cinematographer)
Michael Crawford Chapman, ASC (November 21, 1935 – September 20, 2020) was an American cinematographer and film director, known for his work on many films of the American New Wave during the 1970s and the 1980s. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, for Raging Bull (1980) and The Fugitive (1993). He received the American Society of Cinematographers' Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004.