hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Honorific speech in Japanese
The Japanese language has a system of honorific speech, referred to as keigo (Japanese: 敬（けい）語（ご）; literally "respectful language"), parts of speech one function of which is to show that the speaker wants to convey respect for either the listener or someone mentioned in the utterance.  Their use is widely seen in a variety of business or formal social situations.  Honorifics in Japanese can also be used to show unfamiliarity (social distance), or they can be used to show that the speaker is cultured and sophisticated enough to have mastered the ins and outs of the system. Japanese honorific titles, often simply called honorifics, consist of suffixes and prefixes when referring to others in a conversation.

The system is very extensive, having its own special vocabulary and grammatical forms to express various levels of respectful, humble, and polite speech. It closely resembles other honorifics systems found in the East Asian cultural sphere, such as honorifics in Korean.

Prefix
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. Particularly in the study of languages, a prefix is also called a preformative, because it alters the form of the word to which it is affixed.

Prefixes, like other affixes, can be either inflectional, creating a new form of a word with the same basic meaning and same lexical category, or derivational, creating a new word with a new semantic meaning and sometimes also a different lexical category. Prefixes, like all affixes, are usually bound morphemes.

English has no inflectional prefixes, using only suffixes for that purpose. Adding a prefix to the beginning of an English word changes it to a different word. For example, when the prefix un- is added to the word happy, it creates the word unhappy.

The word prefix is itself made up of the stem fix (meaning "attach", in this case), and the prefix pre- (meaning "before"), both of which are derived from Latin roots.
Baimaqiao Subdistrict
Baimaqiao Subdistrict (Chinese: 白马桥街道) is a subdistrict in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Jinghuapu Township on the northwest, Yutan Subdistrict and Chengjiao Subdistrict on the northeast, Lijingpu Subdistrict on the southeast, and Huilongpu Town on the southeast. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 20,458 and an area of 22.8 square kilometres (8.8 sq mi).

Jinghuapu Township
Jinghuapu Township (Chinese: 菁华铺乡) is a rural township in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Meitanba Town on the west, Yuejiaqiao Town on the north, Shuangjiangkou Town on the east, and Baimaqiao Subdistrict and Chengjiao Subdistrict on the south. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 31,569 and an area of 65.8 square kilometres (25.4 sq mi).
Ethan Vanacore-Decker
Ethan Vanacore-Decker (born October 6, 1994) is an American professional soccer player who plays for the Jackson Lions in National Premier Soccer League.

He is a resident of the Manahawkin section of Stafford Township, New Jersey and attended the Pennington School.

Stafford Township, New Jersey
Stafford Township is a township situated on the Jersey Shore in southern Ocean County, within the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 28,617, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 2,082 (+7.8%) from the 26,535 recorded at the 2010 census, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,003 (+17.8%) from the 22,532 counted in the 2000 census.

Stafford Township is the gateway to the resort communities on Long Beach Island, with Route 72 providing the sole road access to the island, ending in Ship Bottom as it crosses Barnegat Bay via the Manahawkin Bay Bridge (formally known as the Dorland J. Henderson Memorial Bridge). The Garden State Parkway and U.S. Route 9 pass through the township and provide access to Route 72.
Custos Rotulorum of Westmorland
This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Westmorland.

Ambrose Middleton bef. 1544 – aft. 1547

Alan Bellingham bef. 1558–1578

Sir Thomas Boynton bef. 1579–1582

Robert Bragge 1582–1584

Sir Thomas Strickland 1584–1612

Henry Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford 1621–1641

Sir Philip Musgrave, 2nd Baronet 1641–1646

Interregnum

Sir Philip Musgrave, 2nd Baronet 1660–1678

John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale 1678–1700

Thomas Wharton, 5th Baron Wharton 1700–1702

Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet 1702–1706

Thomas Wharton, 1st Earl of Wharton 1706–1714

Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet 1714

Thomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton 1714–1715

Henry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale 1715–1751

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Westmorland.

Westmorland
Westmorland (/ˈwɛstmərlənd/, formerly also spelt Westmoreland) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The area included part of the Lake District and the southern Vale of Eden, and its inhabitants were known as Westmerians.

The county had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria together with Cumberland, the Sedbergh area of Yorkshire, and the Furness area of Lancashire. It gives its name to the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority area, which covers a larger area than the historic county.
Joe Lisi
Joe Lisi (born September 9, 1950), also credited as Joe Lissi, is an American actor. He appeared in the NBC television show Third Watch as NYPD Lieutenant Swersky from 2000 to 2005. He also appeared on the NBC television show Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Craig Lennon, a parole officer and briefly appeared in the 1995 comedy/crime film The Jerky Boys: The Movie as a construction worker.

The Jerky Boys: The Movie
The Jerky Boys: The Movie, also known as The Jerky Boys, is a 1995 American crime/comedy film starring Johnny Brennan and Kamal Ahmed, best known as the comedy duo the Jerky Boys.

The film features two men, Johnny B. and Kamal, aka "the Jerky Boys", two self-described "low-lifes from Queens", who get into trouble with the Mafia when one of their prank calls leads them into a money laundering business. The Jerky Boys discover that their long-loved hometown bar will be torn down unless they stop their shenanigans.
Águeda (river)
The Águeda (pronounced [ˈaɣɨðɐ] ⓘ) is a river tributary of the Douro River, that springs from the Serra das Mesas in Spain, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It flows 130 kilometres (81 mi) until it reaches the Douro River near Barca de Alva, Portugal. The Portugal–Spain border follows the Águeda for much of its course.

Barca d'Alva
Barca d'Alva is a Portuguese village located in the municipality of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, north of the Guarda District. Barca d'Alva is also located inside the Douro International Natural Park and less than 1 km away from the Portugal-Spain border, defined by the Douro and the Águeda rivers.
Diglyceride acyltransferase
Diglyceride acyltransferase (or O-acyltransferase), DGAT, catalyzes the formation of triglycerides (triacylglycerols) from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. The reaction catalyzed by DGAT is considered the terminal and only committed step in the acyl-CoA-dependent triglyceride synthesis, universally important in animal, plants, and microorganisms. The conversion is essential for intestinal absorption (i.e. DGAT1) and adipose tissue formation (i.e. DGAT2) in mammalian. DGAT1 are homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases, but not all other DGATs.

Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or  diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Two possible forms exist, 1,2-diacylglycerols and 1,3-diacylglycerols. Diglycerides are natural components of food fats, though minor in comparison to triglycerides.  DAGs can act as surfactants and are commonly used as emulsifiers in processed foods. DAG-enriched oil (particularly 1,3-DAG) has been investigated extensively as a fat substitute due to its ability to suppress the accumulation of body fat; with total annual sales of approximately USD 200 million in Japan since its introduction in the late 1990s till 2009.
ShadowMachine
ShadowMachine is an American animation studio and production company specialized in film, television, commercials and music videos.

Since its early days producing the stop-motion animation show Robot Chicken, the company has been producing such shows as Moral Orel, Mary Shelley's Frankenhole, The Shivering Truth and Titan Maximum for Adult Swim. Afterwards, the company produced BoJack Horseman, for Michael Eisner's Tornante Company, starring Will Arnett, Aaron Paul, and Amy Sedaris, as well as Tuca & Bertie, starring Tiffany Haddish, Ali Wong, and Steven Yeun.

The Shivering Truth
The Shivering Truth is an American adult stop-motion animated anthology horror comedy television series created by Vernon Chatman and directed by Chatman and Cat Solen. The show is produced by Solen with PFFR and ShadowMachine, and features a wide range of voice talents besides Chatman, including Janeane Garofalo, Jonah Hill, Trey Parker, David Cross, Jordan Peele, Kyle Mooney, Julia Davis, Tierra Whack, Will Forte, and Josh Gad, amongst others. The Shivering Truth premiered on December 10, 2018 on Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim, with the pilot episode having been released online on May 22, 2018 on the Adult Swim website.

In November 2019, Adult Swim renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on May 10, 2020.
Ricky Reynolds
Derrick Scott Reynolds (born January 19, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the second round of the 1987 NFL draft. Standing 6' 0" and 195-lb., he played college football for the Washington State Cougars. Reynolds played in the NFL from 1987 to 1996 for the Buccaneers and New England Patriots. Over the course of his career, Reynolds totaled 23 interceptions, two of which he returned for touchdowns. Reynolds spent most of his year as a left-side cornerback, though he played the right side in 1993 for the Buccaneers and in 1996 for the Patriots. Reynolds also returned two fumble recoveries for touchdowns and returned a blocked field goal attempt for a touchdown.

Reynolds graduated from Luther Burbank High School, Sacramento, California in 1983.

Washington State Cougars football
The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 35,117. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November but that is no longer the case with the Washington Huskies joining the Big Ten.
Redhill Academy
Redhill Academy is a secondary school and sixth form with academy status, situated on Redhill Road in Arnold, Nottinghamshire, England.

The school has around 1,575 pupils, 360 of which are sixth form AS/A2 level students. The head teacher is Mike Hardy.

Arnold, Nottinghamshire
Arnold (/ˈɑːr.nəld/) is a market town in the Borough of Gedling in the county of Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands of England. It is situated to the north-east of Nottingham's city boundary. Arnold has the largest town Centre in the Borough of Gedling and the most important town Centre in the northeastern part of the conurbation of Greater Nottingham. Gedling Borough Council is headquartered in Arnold. Since 1968 Arnold has had a market, and the town used to have numerous factories associated with the hosiery industry. Nottinghamshire Police have been headquartered in Arnold since 1979. At the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census, Arnold had a population of 37,768.

Areas within Arnold include Daybrook, Woodthorpe, Redhill, Warren Hill, Killisick and Dorket Head.
Yajnaseni (novel)
Yajnaseni: the story of Draupadi is a 1984 Odia language novel by Pratibha Ray. The story revolves around Draupadi from the famous epic Mahabharatha. The word Yajnaseni means a woman born out of fire. The book has been translated into various languages, including English, Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada,
Marathi, Assamese, Bengali, Nepal and Hungarian.

This novel has been rendered into a theatrical play in Nepali by Suman Pokhrel.

Pratibha Ray
Pratibha Ray (born 21 January 1944) is an Indian academic and writer of Odia-language novels and stories. For her contribution to the Indian literature, Ray received the Jnanpith Award in 2011. She was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2022.
Johann Kaspar von Stadion
Johann Kaspar von Stadion (21 December 1567 – 21 November 1641) was a German nobleman and military leader who served as the 45th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1627 until his death in 1641. He was President of the Hofkriegsrat and Privy Councilor to Emperor Ferdinand II.

Hofkriegsrat
The Hofkriegsrat (or Aulic War Council, sometimes Imperial War Council) established in 1556 was the central military administrative authority of the Habsburg monarchy until 1848 and the predecessor of the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of War. The agency was directly subordinated to the Habsburg emperors with its seat in Vienna.
Daniel W. Herzog
Daniel William Herzog (July 9, 1941 – August 4, 2023) was an American Anglican bishop. He served in the Diocese of Albany from 1998 to 2007.  After his retirement, he became a Roman Catholic, but returned to the Episcopal Church three years later. He left it once again to join the Anglican Church in North America in 2021.

Episcopal Diocese of Albany
The Episcopal Diocese of Albany is a diocese of the Episcopal Church covering 19 counties in northeastern New York state. It was formed in 1868 from a division of the Episcopal Diocese of New York.

The diocese reported 14,545 members in 2015 and 9,131 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 102 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $8,013,975. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 3,126 persons.
Da, smert
Da, smert (Russian: Да, смерть; translated as Yes, death or Viva la Muerte) is a 2004 documentary film by Russian filmmaker Alyona Polunina.

Polunina's film became a finalist for the Laurel Award in the nomination "best debut".

National Bolshevik Party
The National Bolshevik Party (Russian: Национал-большевистская партия, НБП, romanized: Natsional-bolshevistskaya partiya, NBP) operated from 1993 to 2007 as a Russian political party with a political program of National Bolshevism. The NBP became a prominent member of The Other Russia coalition of opposition parties. Its members were known as Nazbols (Russian: нацболы).

There have been smaller NBP groups in other countries. Its official publication, the newspaper Limonka, derived its name from the party leader's surname and from the idiomatic Russian word for a grenade. The main editor of Limonka was for many years, Aleksey Volynets. Russian courts banned the organization and it never officially registered as a political party. In 2010, its leader Eduard Limonov founded a new political party, called The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov.
2024 Men's FIH Hockey Olympic Qualifiers
The 2024 Men's FIH Olympic Qualifiers was the final stage of the qualification for the men's field hockey event at the 2024 Summer Olympics. It was held in Muscat, Oman and Valencia, Spain between 13 and 21 January 2024.

Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand and Spain qualified for the Olympics.

Field hockey at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was the 25th edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympics. It took place from 27 July to 8 August 2024. All games were played at the Stade Yves-du-Manoir in Paris, France.

The Netherlands took home gold after a finals victory over Germany for their third title, while India took the bronze medal.
Desire (Darin song)
"Desire" is a song by Swedish singer Darin. It was released as the third single from Darin's third studio album Break the News in Sweden on 7 May 2007. In Germany, the song released as the album's second single on 7 December 2007.

Break the News
Break the News is the third studio album by Swedish singer Darin. It was released on 22 November 2006 in Sweden. The album reached the top of the Swedish Album Charts. Four singles were released from the album in Sweden with an additional track charting from promotion.
Chief of Defence (Sweden)
The Chief of Defence (Swedish: överbefälhavaren; acronym: ÖB), formerly referred to in English as the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces, is the highest ranked professional military officer in the Swedish Armed Forces. The chief of defence is the agency head of the Swedish Armed Forces and formally reports to the Government of Sweden, though normally through the minister for defence. The primary responsibilities and duties of the chief of defence (and the charter for the Armed Forces) are prescribed in an ordinance issued by the Government.

The present Chief of Defence, General Michael Claesson, took office on 1 October 2024. His appointment marked the adoption of the title "chief of defence" in English-language usage, in line with NATO terminology.

Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Swedish: Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years.
Annemarie Huber-Hotz
Annemarie Huber-Hotz (16 August 1948 – 1 August 2019) was a Swiss politician who served as the  Federal Chancellor of Switzerland between 2000 and 2007.  She was nominated by the FDP for the office, and elected to it on 15 December 1999.  In 2011, she became President of the Swiss Red Cross and ex officio vice-president of the IFRC.

Swiss Red Cross
The Swiss Red Cross (German: Schweizerisches Rotes Kreuz, French: Croix-Rouge suisse, Italian: Croce Rossa Svizzera, Romansh: Crusch Cotschna svizra), or SRC (SRK in German, CRS in French and Italian), is the national Red Cross society for Switzerland.

The SRC was founded in 1866 in Bern, Switzerland.  In accordance with the Geneva Red Cross Agreement and its recognition through the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, it is a member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.  The SRC is Switzerland's oldest and largest relief agency, made up of 24 cantonal leagues, five rescue organizations, three foundations and two societies.
Jerry DePoyster
Jerry Dean DePoyster (born July 6, 1946) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker and punter in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wyoming Cowboys.

Wyoming Cowboys football
The Wyoming Cowboys football program represents the University of Wyoming in NCAA college football. They compete in the Mountain West Conference of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of NCAA Division I and have won 14 conference titles. Their current head coach is Jay Sawvel who is entering his second season as head coach in 2025 after serving as the programs Defensive Coordinator for the previous four seasons.

The Cowboy football program has been among the most notable of "stepping stone" programs due to the success of its former coaches. Coaches such as Bowden Wyatt, Bob Devaney, Fred Akers, Pat Dye, Dennis Erickson and Joe Tiller were at Wyoming immediately prior to gaining notoriety at bigger football powerhouses.
Karl Christoph von der Goltz
Karl Christoph Freiherr von der Goltz  (2 December 1707 in Heinrichsdorf near Dramburg – 30 June 1761 in Zerbau near Groß-Glogau) was a lieutenant general in the Prussian army during the reign of Frederick the Great.

Drawsko Pomorskie
Drawsko Pomorskie [ˈdrafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] (until 1948 Polish: Drawsko; German: Dramburg) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Drawsko County and the urban-rural commune of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 11,292. It is home to the Drawsko Training Ground, one of the largest training areas in Poland.
Primorsky railway station
Primorsky station (Russian: Примо́рский вокза́л) is a former railway terminal in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was constructed by the JSC Primorskaya Saint Peterburg–Sestroretsk railway and was opened on July, 23rd 1893 as part of the Ozerki Line.

The station was closed on 23 September 1924, during the catastrophic flooding and it was never restored. In 1925, the passenger traffic was redirected through the Tovarnaya Line to Finland Station, via Flugov post and Baburin post.

Flyugov post
Flugov post (Russian: Флю́гов Пост) also known as Flugov shunting loop, is a goods station in Saint Petersburg,  built for delivering cargo from tram stations on the Flugov lane (now Kantemirovsky street) to Sestroretsk.
Gundam Song Covers: Orchestra
Gundam Song Covers: Orchestra is a cover album by Hiroko Moriguchi, released by Sonic Blade on June 18, 2025, to commemorate her 40th anniversary. The album features 10 covers of Gundam theme songs performed by Moriguchi and the Japan Pops Orchestra, including four new cover versions. It is offered in two editions: two-CD with Blu-ray set and CD only edition. The album cover, illustrated by Tsukasa Kotobuki, features Moriguchi cosplaying as Cecily Fairchild, with the Gundam F91 in the background.

Upon its release, Gundam Song Covers: Orchestra peaked at No. 7 on Oricon's Weekly Album Ranking on June 25, 2025.

Hiroko Moriguchi
Hiromi Hanamura (花村 博美, Hanamura Hiromi) (born June 13, 1968, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan), better known by her stage name Hiroko Moriguchi (森口 博子, Moriguchi Hiroko) is a female Japanese singer and tarento. Moriguchi is affiliated with the talent agency NoReason Inc., where she also serves as Second Production Department Manager.
Kasugamycin
Kasugamycin (Ksg) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that was originally isolated in 1965, from Streptomyces kasugaensis, a Streptomyces strain found near the Kasuga shrine in Nara, Japan. Kasugamycin was discovered by Hamao Umezawa, who also discovered kanamycin and bleomycin, as a drug that prevent growth of a fungus causing rice blast disease. It was later found to inhibit bacterial growth also. It exists as a white, crystalline substance with the chemical formula C14H28ClN3O10 (kasugamycin hydrochloride).  It is also known as kasumin.

Streptomyces kasugaensis
Streptomyces kasugaensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the city of Nara in Japan. Streptomyces kasugaensis produces kasugamycin and thiolutin.
Bewafaa (2005 film)
Bewafaa (transl. Disloyal) is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language musical romantic drama film directed by Dharmesh Darshan and produced by Boney Kapoor. The film stars Akshay Kumar, Anil Kapoor, Kareena Kapoor, Manoj Bajpayee, Sushmita Sen, Shamita Shetty and Kabir Bedi. The music was composed by Nadeem–Shravan.

Dharmesh Darshan
Dharmesh Darshan is an Indian filmmaker, film director and writer who works in Bollywood. He was born into Bhatt family. He began his illustrious career as one of the youngest filmmakers of Indian Cinema, in the league of Sooraj Barjatya, Aditya Chopra, Karan Johar, and Sanjay Leela Bhansali. He began his directorial career with the action romance Lootere (1993), starring Sunny Deol and Juhi Chawla, which was a big hit that gave him a huge breakthrough early in his career. He later created box-office history with the romantic drama Raja Hindustani (1996) starring Aamir Khan and Karisma Kapoor. He then directed the musical romantic drama Dhadkan (2000) starring Akshay Kumar, Suniel Shetty and Shilpa Shetty, another commercial success.