hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred Theodore MacConkey
Alfred Theodore MacConkey (1861-17 May 1931) was a British bacteriologist. He developed MacConkey's agar, a selective medium that is used in the diagnosis of enteric pathogens. He was born McConkey but appears to have spelled his name "MacConkey" from at least 1881 and in all his published papers

MacConkey agar
MacConkey agar is a selective and differential culture medium for bacteria. It is designed to selectively isolate gram-negative and enteric (normally found in the intestinal tract) bacteria and differentiate them based on lactose fermentation. Lactose fermenters turn red or pink on MacConkey agar, and nonfermenters do not change color. The media inhibits growth of gram-positive organisms with crystal violet and bile salts, allowing for the selection and isolation of gram-negative bacteria. The media detects lactose fermentation by enteric bacteria with the pH indicator neutral red.
Association for Computing Machinery
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in New York City. The ACM is a non-profit professional membership group, reporting nearly 110,000 student and professional members as of 2024.

The ACM is an umbrella organization for academic and scholarly interests in computer science (informatics). Its motto is "Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession".

SIGCSE
The Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) is the special interest group of Association for Computing Machinery, which provides a forum for educators to discuss issues related to the development, implementation, and/or evaluation of computing programs, curricula, and courses, as well as syllabi, laboratories, and other elements of teaching and pedagogy. SIGCSE is also the colloquial name for the SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, which is the largest of the four conferences organized by SIGCSE.

The main focus of SIGCSE is higher education, and discussions include improving computer science education at high school level and below. The membership level has held steady at around 3300 members for several years. As of 2024 the chair of SIGCSE is Alison Clear for July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2025.
Department of Biology, University of Oxford
The Department of Biology is an academic department at the Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. It was formed following the 1 August 2022 merger between the Department of Plant Sciences and the Department of Zoology.

The department is in the process of relocating to the Life and Mind Building on South Parks Road, Oxford. It also has a field station, The John Krebs Field Station, based in Wytham.

Divisions of the University of Oxford
The academic faculties, schools, and departments of the University of Oxford are organized into four divisions, each under the leadership of a divisional head and a divisional board. The divisions are the Humanities Division; the Social Sciences Division; the Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division; and the Medical Sciences Division.
Soddy-Daisy, Tennessee
Soddy-Daisy is a city in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 13,070 at the 2020 census and estimated to be 13,619 in 2022. The city was formed in 1969 when the communities of Soddy (to the north) and Daisy (to the south), along with nearby developed areas along U.S. Route 27, merged to form Soddy-Daisy. It is becoming a bedroom community of nearby Chattanooga and is part of the Chattanooga Metropolitan Statistical Area. Sequoyah Nuclear Generating Station is located in Soddy-Daisy.

Sequoyah Nuclear Plant
The Sequoyah Nuclear Plant is a nuclear power plant located on 525 acres (212 ha) located 7 miles (11 km) east of Soddy-Daisy, Tennessee, and 20 miles (32 km) north of Chattanooga, abutting Chickamauga Lake on the Tennessee River. The facility is owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).

The plant has two Westinghouse pressurized water reactors. Sequoyah units 1 & 2, as well as their sister plant at Watts Bar, both have ice condenser containment systems.  In case of a large loss-of-coolant accident, steam generated by the leak is directed toward borated ice which helps condense the steam creating a lower pressure, allowing for a smaller containment building.
Albert W. Merck
Albert Wall Merck (August 31, 1920 – July 22, 2014) was an American politician and philanthropist. He was a member of the Merck family being the grandson of Merck & Co founder George Merck and son of George W. Merck.

Merck family
The Merck family is a German noble family of industrialists and bankers, known for establishing the world's oldest pharmaceutical company Merck, its American former subsidiary Merck & Co. (MSD), which is now an independent company, as well as the Hamburg merchant bank H. J. Merck & Co. The family still owns the majority of the pharmaceutical company Merck, making them one of the richest families in the world with an estimated wealth of more than 80 billion Dollars.
Andrew Bowler
Andrew Bowler is an American filmmaker. On January 24, 2012, he was nominated for an Academy Award for the short film Time Freak. In 2018, he made it a feature-length film. Bowler graduated from the Tisch School of the Arts of New York University in 1996.

Time Freak (2018 film)
Time Freak (also known as Time After Time) is a 2018 American science-fiction comedy-drama film written and directed by Andrew Bowler. It was released in limited release and on digital on November 9, 2018. The film is based on a short film of the same name, directed by Bowler in 2011.
Hardwicke House
Hardwicke House is a seven-episode sitcom produced by Central Independent Television for the ITV network. It was originally produced in the beginning of 1987. It was so negatively received that only the first two episodes were transmitted.

ITV Central
ITV Central, previously known as Central Independent Television, Central ITV, Carlton Central, ITV1 for Central England and commonly referred to as simply Central, is the Independent Television franchisee in the English Midlands. It was created following the restructuring of ATV and officially began broadcasting on 1 January 1982. The service is owned and operated by ITV plc under the licensee of ITV Broadcasting Limited. Historically Central made a major contribution to the ITV network schedule – especially in entertainment and drama – but today its main responsibility is the regional news service.
Sedan, Montana
Sedan is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gallatin County, Montana, United States. The population was 99 at the 2010 census. It is located on Montana Highway 86, 27 miles from Bozeman. The Zip Code is 59086.

Montana Highway 86
Highway 86 (MT 86) is a 37.498-mile-long (60.347 km) north–south state highway in the U.S. State of Montana. MT 86's southern terminus is at I-90 Bus. and U.S. Route 191 (US 191) in the city of Bozeman and the northern terminus is at an intersection with US 89 north of the town of Wilsall. Much of the route follows the eastern flank of the Bridger Mountains, and the road provides access to the Bridger Bowl ski resort.

Before receiving its current designation, Highway 86 was designated as Montana Secondary Highway 293.
Kevin J. Sullivan (mayor)
Kevin J. Sullivan (born 1959) is an American politician who served as Mayor of Lawrence, Massachusetts from 1986 to 1993, Massachusetts Secretary of Transportation from 1999 to 2002, and Massachusetts Secretary of Administration and Finance from 2002 to 2003.

Since 2003, Sullivan has worked for Santander Bank. He is currently Santander's Director of Government Banking. From 2009 to 2011, he was a member of the state Inspector General's Council.

Lawrence, Massachusetts
Lawrence is a city located in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, on the Merrimack River. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 89,143. Surrounding communities include Methuen to the north, Andover to the southwest, and North Andover to the east. Lawrence and Salem were the county seats of Essex County, until the state abolished county government in 1999. Lawrence is part of the Merrimack Valley.

Manufacturing products of the city include electronic equipment, textiles, footwear, paper products, computers, and foodstuff. Lawrence was the residence of the poet Robert Frost for his early school years; his essays and poems were first published in the Lawrence High School newspaper. Lawrence is also the birthplace of composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein in 1918, and singer Robert Goulet in 1933.
Fred W. Draper
Fredrick William Draper (July 22, 1868 – September 2, 1962) was an American politician and educator.

Born in Dundee, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, in the town of Osceola, Draper moved with his parents to Loyal, Clark County, Wisconsin. Draper went to the Loyal Public Schools and then to Oshkosh Normal School (now University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh). Clark taught school in Clark County. From 1901 to 1911, Draper was Clark County Circuit Court Clerk and was a Republican. He also served on the school board and was justice of the peace. In 1911, Draper served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Draper moved to Greensboro, North Carolina to live with his daughter. He died in Greensboro and was buried in his hometown of Loyal.

Loyal, Wisconsin
Loyal is a city in Clark County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,203 at the 2020 census. The city is located within the Town of Loyal, though it is politically independent.

Its name comes from the 1860s, when so many of its patriotic pioneers went to fight in the Civil War. A store was established at the site in 1870, the place platted in 1885, incorporated as a village in 1893, and changed to a city in 1948.
Department of Government Services (New Brunswick)
The Department of Government Services is a part of the Government of New Brunswick.  It is charged with providing central services, including purchase of goods and services, provincial archives, corporate marketing services, translation and printing, to government departments and agencies. It also oversees the Crown agencies Service New Brunswick and the New Brunswick Internal Services Agency.

Part of the Department of Public Works and Highways until 1967, it was known as the Department of Public Works until 1972, and the Department of Supply and Services until 2012.  In 2012, its ceded responsibility for maintenance of government buildings to the Department of Transportation and Infrastructure and took on responsibility for corporate marketing for the government.

Government of New Brunswick
The Government of New Brunswick (French: Gouvernement du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the provincial government of the province of New Brunswick.  Its powers and structure are set out in the Constitution Act, 1867.

The Province of New Brunswick has a unicameral legislature, the New Brunswick Legislature, consisting of the Lieutenant Governor and the Legislative Assembly, which operates in the framework of a Westminster-style parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The political party that, either by itself or in combination with another party supporting them, wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the Government with the party's leader becoming premier of the province, the head of government.
Glenn R. Conrad
Glenn Russell Conrad (September 3, 1932 – June 4, 2003) was an American historian, professor, and author. He is known for his research of south Louisiana culture, as well as an expert on archival studies, nineteenth-century European history, and the history of colonial Louisiana. He taught at Southern Arkansas University, Magnolia and the University of Southwestern Louisiana from 1958 until 2003, and serving as the director of the Center of Louisiana Studies at University of Southern Louisiana from 1973 until 2003.

New Iberia, Louisiana
New Iberia (French: La Nouvelle-Ibérie; Spanish: Nueva Iberia; Louisiana Creole: Nouvèl Ibéri) is the largest city in and the parish seat of Iberia Parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The city of New Iberia is located approximately 21 miles (34 kilometers) southeast of Lafayette, and forms part of the Lafayette metropolitan statistical area in the region of Acadiana. The 2020 United States census tabulated a population of 28,555. New Iberia is served by Amtrak’s Sunset Limited, operating between Los Angeles and New Orleans. New Iberia has a major four lane highway, being U.S. 90 (future Interstate 49), and has its own general aviation airfield, Acadiana Regional Airport.  Scheduled passenger and cargo airline service is available via the nearby Lafayette Regional Airport located adjacent to U.S. 90 in Lafayette.
Tyran Donaldson
Tyran Donaldson II, also known as Scum, Pete Nebula and The Antydote, is an American songwriter, producer and multi-instrumentalist best known for his work with Rihanna ("Consideration"), SZA ("Love Galore"), Kendrick Lamar ("Complexion (A Zulu Love)"), and Isaiah Rashad ("Rope // rosegold"), among many others. He is currently an in-house producer for label Top Dawg Entertainment.

Donaldson, a novice guitarist and early music industry friend of fellow producer ThankGod4Cody, began playing several melancholy guitar chords while in the studio with SZA, who requested a looped recording of the chords at the conclusion of the studio session. This loop would become the soundscape for 2017 Ctrl album opener "Supermodel", later Grammy-nominated for Best R&B Song.

ThankGod4Cody
Cody Jordan "ThankGod4Cody" Fayne is an American producer, songwriter, and musician, most known for his production work on SZA's acclaimed albums Ctrl and SOS, as well as his 2019 debut album Cody of Nazareth.
David James (Australian politician)
David James (1854 – 21 July 1926) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seat of Wooroora from 1902 to 1918 for the Australasian National League and the Liberal Union.

Kapunda
Kapunda is a town on the Light River near the Barossa Valley in South Australia. It was established after a discovery in 1842 of significant copper deposits. The population was 2,917 at the 2016 Australian census.

The southern entrance to the town has been dominated since 1988 by the 8-metre (26 ft) statue of Map Kernow ("the son of Cornwall"), a traditional Cornish miner. The statue was destroyed by a fire in June 2006 but was rebuilt.
Vincent Signorelli
Vincent Signorelli is a drummer from New York City. He has played primarily with Swans, Unsane, and Foetus. Additionally, he has done session work with Lubricated Goat, Of Cabbages and Kings, and the slo-core band Idaho. Concurrent with his involvement in Unsane, Signorelli runs a tattoo shop in New York called True Blue located in Queens on Fresh Pond Road.

Of Cabbages and Kings (band)
Of Cabbages and Kings is an American noise rock band from Chicago, Illinois. Its name is a quote from Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass. The band's sound has been described as a "highly visceral attack" that is "founded on a vivid technical mastery owing little to the commonly revered tenets of speed and/or flash, instead conjuring a brutal, primal power and intensity virtually unmatched in modern music."
Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes
Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes is a 2014 book by evolutionary anthropologist Svante Pääbo. The book describes Pääbo's research into the DNA of Neanderthals, extinct hominins that lived across much of Europe and the Middle East. It is written in the style of a memoir, combining scientific findings with personal anecdotes.

Svante Pääbo
Svante Pääbo ForMemRS KmstkNO (Swedish: [ˈsvânːtɛ̂ ˈpʰɛ̌ːbʊ̂]; born 20 April 1955) is a Swedish geneticist and Nobel Laureate who specialises in the field of evolutionary genetics. As one of the founders of paleogenetics, he has worked extensively on the Neanderthal genome. In 1997, he became founding director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. Since 1999, he has been an honorary professor at Leipzig University; he currently teaches molecular evolutionary biology at the university. He is also an adjunct professor at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan.

In 2022, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution".
J. B. Royce House and Farm Complex
J. B. Royce House and Farm Complex is a historic home and farm complex located at Berkshire in Tioga County, New York. The house was built about 1829 in a vernacular Greek Revival style.  About 1850 it was extensively altered with the construction of a higher, more steeply pitched roof and an ell-shaped Gothic Revival style porch with Tudor-arched details. Also on the property is a contributing mid-19th century barn with decorative bargeboards, a shed, and a small Greek Revival structure now used as a garage.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Berkshire, New York
Berkshire is a town in Tioga County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 1,485. The town is named after Berkshire County, Massachusetts.

The Town of Berkshire is in the northeastern part of the county and is northwest of Binghamton and southeast of Ithaca.
St. Louis Bertrand Church (Bonaire)
The St. Louis Bertrand Church (Papiamento: Parokia San Luis Beltran; Dutch: Sint-Ludovicus Bertranduskerk) is a religious building affiliated with the Catholic Church and is located in the town of Rincon on the Caribbean island of Bonaire, organized within the Dutch Caribbean as a special municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

The church follows the Roman or Latin rite and depends on the Diocese of Willemstad (Dioecesis Gulielmopolitana) based in the nearby city of Willemstad on the island of Curacao also. It was dedicated in honor of San Luis Bertran i Eixarch O.P. (Also written Sant Lluís Bertran) a Spanish saint of the Dominican order, canonized by Pope Clement X in 1691. It is decorated with yellow and white and has an image of St. Louis next to the main entrance and one side of his bell tower.

Rincon, Bonaire
Rincon is one of the two towns in Bonaire, a special municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is situated in the north of the island in an inland valley.

The village 1000 Steps is part of Rincon.
Polyscias kikuyuensis
Polyscias kikuyuensis, also called the parasol tree and mutati, is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to Kenya, where its wood is used to make boxes and similar items. The species is confined to wet upland forest, and is threatened by habitat loss. Including the forests of Cherangani hills, Kenya.

Cherangani Hills Forest
Cherangani Hills Forest (Cherangany Hills Forest) is a collection of thirteen forest reserve blocks in western Kenya, located in the Cherangani Hills on the western ridge of the East African Rift. The forested area is about 1,200 square kilometres (463 sq mi), 956 square kilometres (369 sq mi) of which has been gazetted into forest reserves.  These forest reserves form the upper catchments of the Kerio and Nzoia and Turkwel rivers.
Marge the Lumberjill
"Marge the Lumberjill" is the sixth episode of the thirty-first season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 668th episode overall. It aired in the United States on Fox on November 10, 2019. The episode was directed by Rob Oliver and written by Ryan Koh.

In this episode, Marge becomes a lumberjill competitor with Patty's lesbian friend, which worries Homer. Asia Kate Dillon and Natasha Lyonne guest starred. Musician Jill Sobule also wrote and performed an original song for the episode. The episode received negative reviews.

This episode introduced Grey Griffin as Sherri and Terri and Martin Prince following the death of Russi Taylor on July 26, 2019.

Jill Sobule
Jill Susan Sobule (/ˈsoʊbjuːl/ SOH-byool; January 16, 1959 – May 1, 2025) was an American singer-songwriter best known for the 1995 single "I Kissed a Girl", and "Supermodel" from the soundtrack of the 1995 film Clueless. Her folk-inflected compositions alternate between ironic, story-driven character studies and emotive ballads, a duality reminiscent of such 1970s American songwriters as Warren Zevon, Harry Nilsson, Loudon Wainwright III, Harry Chapin, and Randy Newman. Autobiographical elements, including Sobule's Jewish heritage and her adolescent battles with anorexia and depression, frequently occur in Sobule's writing.

In 2009, Sobule released California Years, an album funded entirely by fan donations, making her an early pioneer of crowdfunding.
Steve Howey (actor)
Steven Michael Robert Howey (born July 12, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Van Montgomery on The WB/The CW sitcom television series Reba and Kevin Ball on the Showtime series Shameless. Howey has also appeared in the films Supercross, DOA: Dead or Alive, Bride Wars, Game Over, Man!, Day Shift and Something Borrowed.

Game Over, Man!
Game Over, Man! is a 2018 American action comedy film directed by Kyle Newacheck, written by Anders Holm, and starring Holm, Adam DeVine, and Blake Anderson, all of whom previously collaborated on the sitcom Workaholics. Serving as a comedic parody of Die Hard (1988), the film follows three housekeepers who are entangled in a terrorist takeover of a Los Angeles hotel. The film was released on March 23, 2018, on Netflix to generally negative reception from critics.
Airlie, Ontario
Airlie is an unincorporated rural community in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada.

Officially located in Adjala–Tosorontio Township, Airlie has historically been associated with both Mulmur Township and the former Tosorontio Township (now Adjala–Tosorontio Township) because it is located on the boundary between both townships.

Adjala-Tosorontio
Adjala–Tosorontio is a township in south-central Ontario, Canada, in the County of Simcoe.

A predominantly rural area, Adjala–Tosorontio contains numerous small villages and hamlets. Many communities were started in Adjala by Irish Catholics who named their hamlets after their home towns in Ireland, or after prominent pioneer families who first settled the area. The municipality has increasingly become home to residents who commute to the Greater Toronto Area.

Geographically the area is rolling countryside below the Niagara Escarpment to the west, with the Nottawasaga River cutting through it.

"Tosorontio" is a Huron word meaning "Beautiful Mountain", and Adjala was the name of the son of Chief Tecumseh, for whom the neighbouring township (now called New Tecumseth) was named.
Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay
The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 2002 Commonwealth Games was held on July 30–31.

In the final, Michael Blackwood of Jamaica was in the leading position when coming into the final stretch. He, however, dropped his baton when being overtaken by Matthew Elias from Wales and ultimately finished the race in fourth without a baton, which is not allowed. England and Wales fought it out to the finishing line with England coming narrowly on top.

Matthew Elias
Matthew John Elias (born 25 April 1979) is a Welsh retired athlete who specialised in the 400 metres sprint and 400 metres hurdles. During his international career he represented Great Britain. In 2003 he won a gold medal at the European Championships and at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens he finished 5th in the 4 × 400 m relay, He is also a part of Super Schools.

He won the European Under 23 Championships for the 400 m hurdles in 2001 in a time of 49.57. The following year he was to have his most prolific season winning two silver medals in the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.