hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Asiatic Petroleum Company
Asiatic Petroleum Company (APC) was a joint venture between the Shell and Royal Dutch oil companies founded in 1903. It operated in Asia in the early 20th century.  The corporate headquarters were on The Bund in Shanghai, China.  The division tested the limits of corporate liability in the Lennard's Carrying Co Ltd v Asiatic Petroleum Co Ltd case.

The company was involved in the early developments of Frank Whittle in the jet engine field, a Mr. I Lubbock of the company devising a suitable combustion chamber design, known as the 'Lubbock Burner' and  used in the Power Jets WU and subsequent engines.

In 1951, China requisitioned all property belonging to the company in retaliation for the Hong Kong Government's requisitioning of the tanker Yung Hao.

The Bund
The Bund is a waterfront area and a protected historical district in central Shanghai. The area centers on a section of Zhongshan Road (East Zhongshan Road No.1) within the former Shanghai International Settlement, which runs along the western bank of the Huangpu River in the eastern part of Huangpu. The area along the river faces the modern skyscrapers of Lujiazui in Pudong. The Bund usually refers to the buildings and wharves on this section of the road, as well as some adjacent areas. This region has a significant European influence, with the style of many structures most comparable to that of European cities, particularly Gothic, Baroque, Neoclassical, Romanesque, Art Deco, and Renaissance architecture. Additionally, some of the city's top eateries are located there. From the 1860s to the 1930s, it was the rich and powerful center of the foreign establishment in Shanghai, operating as a legally protected treaty port.
WLST
WLST (95.1 FM) is an American commercial radio station licensed to Marinette, Wisconsin broadcasting a country music format.

95.1 FM had been an adult contemporary format (as "The Wave", previously known by the monikers "Live 95" and "Easy Rock 95") station until January, 2008 when then-owner Armada Media swapped formats between WLST and WHYB in Menominee, Michigan. WHYB became "The Wave" while the higher powered WLST took on the "Cat Country" name and format.

Original call letters were WLOT-FM. WLOT was located at 1300 kHz and later became WCJL before going silent in the late 1980s.

WHYB
WHYB (103.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Menominee, Michigan and serving the areas of Menominee, neighboring Marinette, Wisconsin, and the immediate border area of Upper Michigan and Northeast Wisconsin. The station is owned by Radio Plus Bay Cities, LLC and broadcasts a classic hits music format.
Jagdstaffel 19
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 19 was a World War I "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 92 verified aerial victories, including ten wins over enemy observation balloons.

In turn, their casualties for the war would amount to eleven pilots killed in action, four wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war.

Walter Böning
Leutnant Walter Böning was a German World War I flying ace from the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg credited with 17 aerial victories. He began his World War I military service as an infantryman. He distinguished himself by winning both the Gold Medal for Bravery and the Second Class Iron Cross. He then transferred to aviation duty, training originally as a reconnaissance pilot before advancing to become a fighter pilot. Between 6 April 1917 and 30 May 1918, he was credited with 17 aerial victories. On 31 May 1918, he survived a midair collision while being attacked by British fighters. Although he coaxed his damaged machine home, the serious leg wound he had suffered sidelined him through war's end.
Subfunctionalization
Subfunctionalization was proposed by Stoltzfus (1999) and Force et al. (1999) as one of the possible outcomes of functional divergence that occurs after a gene duplication event, in which pairs of genes that originate from duplication, or paralogs, take on separate functions. Subfunctionalization is a neutral mutation process of constructive neutral evolution; meaning that no new adaptations are formed. During the process of gene duplication paralogs simply undergo a division of labor by retaining different parts (subfunctions) of their original ancestral function. This partitioning event occurs because of segmental gene silencing leading to the formation of paralogs that are no longer duplicates, because each gene only retains a single function.  The ancestral gene was capable of performing both functions and the descendant duplicate genes can now only perform one of the original ancestral functions.

Neofunctionalization
Neofunctionalization, one of the possible outcomes of functional divergence, occurs when one gene copy, or paralog, takes on a totally new function after a gene duplication event.  Neofunctionalization is an adaptive mutation process; meaning one of the gene copies must mutate to develop a function that was not present in the ancestral gene. In other words, one of the duplicates retains its original function, while the other accumulates molecular changes such that, in time, it can perform a different task.
Jim Lawson (comics)
Jim Lawson (born February 19, 1960) is an American comic book writer and artist best known for his work on the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series. Lawson created the Rat King and also co-created the series Planet Racers with Peter Laird. He is also the writer/artist of the black-and white-comic series Paleo: Tales of the Late Cretaceous. For more than 20 years he was a writer and artist of TMNT comics, but in 2009 he announced that he would depart from TMNT following Peter Laird's sale of the property to Viacom.

Lawson graduated from Housatonic Valley Regional High School.

Housatonic Valley Regional High School
Housatonic Valley Regional High School (HVRHS) is a public high school in Falls Village, Connecticut, United States. The high school serves the six towns of the Region 1 School District, comprising the towns of Canaan, Cornwall, Kent, North Canaan, Salisbury and Sharon. It was established in 1939 as a result of a special act of the Connecticut General Assembly in 1937. It is the first regional high school in New England.
Fronte Marco Polo
The Marco Polo Front (Italian: Fronte Marco Polo, FMP)  was an autonomist and  Venetist political party active in Veneto, named after explorer Marco Polo.

Fabio Padovan, leader of the European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs (LIFE) and former deputy of Liga Veneta–Lega Nord, and Giorgio Vido, another former deputy of LV–LN, formed FMP in 1999 in view of the 2000 regional election. Padovan gained 1.7% of the vote in the election, while FMP stopped at 1.3%. In 2001 the party was merged into Liga Fronte Veneto.

Fabio Padovan
Fabio Padovan (born 11 September 1955, in Conegliano) is an Italian entrepreneur and politician.

In the early 1990s Padovan joined Liga Veneta–Lega Nord and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 1992 general election. In early 1994, when Lega Nord entered in alliance with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia, he left in protest the party. Some months later, Padovan founded, along with other Venetist entrepreneurs, the European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs (LIFE), an organization defending the little and medium-sized industries in Veneto.

In 2000 Padovan launched a new Venetist and independentist party called Fronte Marco Polo. In the 2000 regional election the party gained 1.2% in Veneto and no seats. Since then, Padovan was briefly a member of Liga Fronte Veneto and, then, became very close to the Venetian National Party and, finally, Veneto State.
French frigate Incorruptible
Incorruptible was a 40-gun Romaine-class frigate of the French Navy.

On 15 July 1796, under captain Bescond, she fought against the 56-gun HMS Glatton.

In 1800, she was involved in the battle of Dunkirk.

In January 1805, she was sent to observe British movements off Toulon, along with Hortense.  On 4 February, they attacked a convoy, destroying 7 ships.  Three days later, they encountered the convoy escorted by the 20-gun sloop HMS Arrow and the 8-gun bomb vessel HMS Acheron; the frigates destroyed two Royal Navy vessels, and captured and burnt Duchess of Rutland and two other merchant vessels of the convoy.

In May 1807, Incorruptible, Annibal, Pomone, and the corvette Victorieuse engaged HMS Spartan off Cabrera in the Mediterranean.

HMS Glatton (1795)
HMS Glatton was a 56-gun fourth rate of the Royal Navy. Wells & Co. of Blackwell launched her on 29 November 1792 for the British East India Company (EIC) as the East Indiaman Glatton. The Royal Navy bought her in 1795 and converted her into a warship. Glatton was unusual in that for a time she was the only ship-of-the-line that the Royal Navy had armed exclusively with carronades. (Eventually she returned to a more conventional armament of guns and carronades.) She served in the North Sea and the Baltic, and as a transport for convicts to Australia. She then returned to naval service in the Mediterranean. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars the Admiralty converted her to a water depot at Sheerness. In 1830 the Admiralty converted Glatton to a breakwater and sank her at Harwich.
Krępice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Krępice [krɛmˈpit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skalbmierz, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) east of Skalbmierz, 7 km (4 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka, and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Gmina Skalbmierz
Gmina Skalbmierz is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Skalbmierz, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Kazimierza Wielka and 63 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 86.21 square kilometres (33.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,930 (out of which the population of Skalbmierz amounts to 1,323, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,607).
George Jobberns
George Jobberns CBE FRGS MNZGS (2 June 1895 – 30 August 1974) was a New Zealand geographer and educator.

Born in 1895 at Te Moana near Geraldine in the foothills of South Canterbury, New Zealand, Jobberns taught the first Geography I course at Canterbury University College in 1934. In 1937 he was appointed lecturer-in-charge of the first independent Department of Geography in New Zealand and in 1942 was elected to the first chair of Geography in New Zealand. On his retirement in May 1960, he was made Professor emeritus of the University of Canterbury. In the 1963 New Year Honours, Jobberns was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

Jobberns died in Christchurch on 30 August 1974, at 79 years.

The Jobberns room at the University of Canterbury's Department of Geography was opened on 9 April 1976 by Vice Chancellor Professor N. C. Phillips to commemorate George Jobberns and his significant contributions to the subject of geography in New Zealand.

1963 New Year Honours (New Zealand)
The 1963 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1962 and the beginning of 1963, and were announced on 1 January 1963.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.
Eduard Khil
Eduard Anatolyevich Khil (Russian: Эдуард Анатольевич Хиль, Russian pronunciation: [ɨdʊˈart ɐnɐˈtolʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈxʲilʲ]; 4 September 1934 – 4 June 2012), often anglicized as Edward Hill, was a Russian baritone singer.

Khil became known to international audiences in 2010, when a 1976 clip of him singing a non-lexical vocable version of the song "I Am Very Glad, As I Am Finally Returning Back Home" (Russian: "Я очень рад, ведь я, наконец, возвращаюсь домой", romanized: "Ya ochen' rad, ved' ya, nakonets, vozvrashchayus' domoy") became an Internet meme, often referred to as "Trololol" or "Trololo", or as the "Russian Rickroll", and the song became associated with Internet trolling. The song's newfound prominence in Internet culture led him to adopt Mr. Trololo as a stage name.

Arkady Ostrovsky
Arkady (Avraam) Il'ich Ostrovsky (also spelled Ostrovskij, Ostrovskyj Russian: Аркадий (Авраам) Ильич Островский) (February 25 [O.S. February 12], 1914 – September 18, 1967) was a Soviet Russian composer of light music, the author of the song May There Always Be Sunshine and other Soviet songs of the 1960s, including the lullaby of Good Night, Little Ones, the children's TV program aired for nearly 60 years, most famous rendition sung by Oleg Anofriyev.
The Eddy Arnold Show
The Eddy Arnold Show is the name of three similar American television summer variety programs during the 1950s hosted by Eddy Arnold and featuring popular music stars of the day. It was also the name of a radio program starring Arnold.

Eddy Arnold
Richard Edward Arnold (May 15, 1918 – May 8, 2008) was an American country music singer. He was a Nashville sound (country/popular music) innovator of the late 1950s, and scored 147 songs on the Billboard country music charts, second only to George Jones. He sold more than 85 million records. A member of the Grand Ole Opry (beginning 1943) and the Country Music Hall of Fame (beginning 1966), Arnold ranked 22nd on Country Music Television's 2003 list of "The 40 Greatest Men of Country Music."
Dudley Leslie
Dudley Leslie (1905–1998) was a British screenwriter and playwright. He was on the jury for the 1958 Cannes Film Festival.

He co-wrote the 1948 play The Human Touch with J. Lee Thompson. He was married to the writer Audrey Erskine-Lindop with whom he collaborated a number of times.

1958 Cannes Film Festival
The 11th Cannes Film Festival took place from 2 to 18 May 1958. French writer Marcel Achard served as Jury President for the main competition.

The Palme d'Or was awarded to The Cranes Are Flying by Mikhail Kalatozov.
Mount Kobushi
Mount Kobushi (甲武信ヶ岳, Kobushigadake) is a mountain on the border of Saitama, Yamanashi, and Nagano prefectures in Japan. The mountain is the source of the Arakawa and Shinano Rivers. It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Witch's Love
Witch's Love (Korean: 마녀의 사랑) is a 2018 South Korean television series starring Yoon So-hee, Hyun Woo, Lee Hong-bin, Kim Young-ok, and Go Soo-hee. It aired on MBN from July 25 to August 30, 2018, every Wednesday and Thursday at 23:00 (KST).

Maeil Broadcasting Network
37°33′38″N 126°59′34″E﻿ / ﻿37.560475°N 126.9928191°E﻿ / 37.560475; 126.9928191

Maeil Broadcasting Network, Inc. (MBN) (주식회사 매일방송) is a South Korean cable TV network operated by the Maeil Business Newspaper.
Ezra Jack Keats Book Award
The Ezra Jack Keats Book Award is an annual U.S. literary award.

At the Ezra Jack Keats Book Awards Ceremony every April, the Ezra Jack Keats Foundation presents the New Writer Award (since 1985) and New Illustrator Award (since 2001) to an author and an illustrator who are at an early stage of their career. An Honor Books category was added in 2012.

The nonprofit Ezra Jack Keats Foundation was established in 1964 in Brooklyn, New York by author and illustrator Ezra Jack Keats.

Until 2011, the Award was presented jointly with the New York Public Library. Since 2012, it is co-presented with the de Grummond Children’s Literature Collection at the University of Southern Mississippi, in Hattiesburg.

Award winners include Stian Hole, Garmann's Summer in 2009, Meg Medina, Tía Isa Wants a Car in 2012 and Don Tate, The Remarkable Story of George Moses Horton in 2016.

Meg Medina
Meg Medina is an American children’s book author of Cuban descent whose books celebrate Latino culture and the lives of young people. She served as the 2023–2024 National Ambassador for Young People’s Literature. Medina is the recipient of the 2019 John Newbery Medal for her middle grade novel, Merci Suárez Changes Gears and the Pura Belpré Award for Yaqui Delgado Wants to Kick Your Ass (2014) and the Pura Belpré Award Honor Book in 2016 for Mango, Abuela and Me).
Fitzroy Harbour
Fitzroy Harbour is a small village within the city of Ottawa in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Ottawa River at the mouth of the Carp River. A branch of the Mississippi River, known as the Snye, also empties into the Ottawa to the west of the village.

Fitzroy Provincial Park is located nearby.
The village has one school located within it, St. Michael's Catholic school. Fitzroy Harbour Public School was closed in 2006. There are also two churches: St Michael's (Roman Catholic) and St. Andrew's (United). St. George's (Anglican) was closed in 2022.

Mississippi River (Ontario)
The Mississippi River is a tributary of the Ottawa River in Eastern Ontario, Canada, which has no relation with the Mississippi River in the United States. It is 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length from its source at Mackavoy Lake, has a drainage area of 4,450 square kilometres (1,720 sq mi), and has a mean discharge of 40 cubic metres per second (1,400 cu ft/s). There are more than 250 lakes in the watershed.

Communities along the river include the village of Lanark, the towns of Carleton Place, Mississippi Mills (including towns of Almonte and Pakenham), and Galetta. Here it enters the Ottawa River.
Kirkland, North Carolina
Kirkland, more commonly known as Porter's Neck, was a census-designated place (CDP) in New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 7,397 at the 2020 census which is up from 6,204 in 2010. The CDP was redesignated as Porters Neck CDP for the 2010 census. Porter’s Neck is located in the statistical townships of Cape Fear and Harnett. The CDP is part of the Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area. Porter’s Neck, then Kirkland, was first listed as a CDP at the 2000 United States census.

Cape Fear Township, North Carolina
Cape Fear Township, North Carolina, is a statistical township consisting all of Blue Clay Farms, Castle Hayne, Hightsville, Northchase, Wrightsboro, and Skippers Corner. Cape Fear Township also includes part of Kings Grant and Kirkland, and Murraysville. Cape Fear Township is located in New Hanover County, North, Carolina.
Félix Conde Falcón
Félix Modesto Conde Falcón (February 28, 1938 – April 4, 1969) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the Medal of Honor. Born in Juncos, Puerto Rico, he joined the United States Army in April 1963 in Chicago, Illinois. Conde was killed during combat operations in Ap Tan Hoa, South Vietnam, on April 4, 1969. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor by President Barack Obama at a ceremony in the White House on March 18, 2014. The award comes through the Defense Authorization Act, which called for a review of Jewish American and Hispanic American veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War to ensure that no prejudice was shown to those deserving the Medal of Honor.

Juncos, Puerto Rico
Juncos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxuŋkos]) is a town and one of the 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico. It is located in the eastern central region of the island to the west of the Caguas Valley, south of Canóvanas and Carolina; southeast of Gurabo; east of San Lorenzo; and west of Las Piedras. Juncos is spread over 9 barrios and Juncos barrio-pueblo (the downtown area and administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Juncos was founded on the request of Tomás Pizarro on August 2, 1797, having previously been a village which evolved from a small ranch, the Hatillo de los Juncos. This ranch was part of the Hato del Valenciano, which gave its name to the Río Valenciano which bisects the city before joining the Río Gurabo to the north of the settlement.

Juncos is Spanish for reeds.
Rafael Trujillo (sailor)
Rafael Joaquín Trujillo Villar (born 14 December 1975 in La Línea de la Concepción, Cádiz) is a Spanish sailor of the Finn class and an Olympic medalist. He won the Finn Gold Cup once and competed in four straight Olympic Games, winning a silver medal in Athens 2004.

He sailed with +39 Challenge in the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup.

Trujillo was also part of the Mapfre yacht in the 2014–15 Volvo Ocean Race, and coaches 2013 world champion Jorge Zarif.

+39 Challenge
+39 Challenge was a yacht racing team established in 2004 that competed for the Louis Vuitton Cup 2007, the challenger series held prior to the America's Cup. The teams was based at the Yacht club "Circolo Vela Gargnano" in Gargnano, Italy, and was owned by Lorenzo Rizzardi, the president of the club. Originally named the "Clan Des Team", +39 was the first team to join BMW Oracle Racing on the challenger list for the 2007 America's Cup.
Nancy Woloch
Nancy Woloch (born 1940) is an American historian. Her book A Class by Herself: Protective Laws for Women Workers, 1890s–1990s won the 2016 Philip Taft Labor History Book Award and the William G. Bowen Award for the Outstanding Book on Labor and Public Policy.

Woloch is an adjunct professor at Barnard College and Columbia University, where she specializes in women's history and the history of education.

Woloch has a BA from Wellesley College, an MA from Columbia University and a PhD from Indiana University.

In 2016 Time chose Woloch as one of 25 historians asked to nominate a "Moment that changed America", and she contributed "FDR Signs the Fair Labor Standards Act (June 25, 1938)".

Philip Taft Labor History Book Award
The Philip Taft Labor History Book Award is sponsored by the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations in cooperation with the Labor and Working-Class History Association for books relating to labor history of the United States. Labor history is considered "in a broad sense to include the history of workers (free and unfree, organized and unorganized), their institutions, and their workplaces, as well as the broader historical trends that have shaped working-class life, including but not limited to: immigration, slavery, community, the state, race, gender, and ethnicity." The award is named after the noted labor historian Philip Taft (1902–1976).
Ines Fančović
Ines Fančović (née Nikolić; 5 October 1925 – 21 August 2011) was a Bosnian actress of film, television and theater. She is best known for her role as Mare in the television series Velo misto and as Mara in Memoari porodice Milić.

Cirkus Columbia
Cirkus Columbia is a 2010 Bosnian drama film starring Miki Manojlović, Mira Furlan, Boris Ler and Jelena Stupljanin. The film is set in the Herzegovina part of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the early 1990s, after the dissolution of Yugoslavia, and slightly before the Yugoslav Wars. It tells an emotional story of a man coming back to his hometown after many years abroad and dealing with his past and current family, using the political dealings of the region as a backdrop. It is based on the novel Cirkus Columbia by well known Bosnian Croat writer Ivica Đikić.