hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yessiey Award
The Yessiey Awards formerly known as Yessiey Magazine Awards  is an annual accolade presented by Yessiey Magazine to honour writers, actors, humanitarian, art, entrepreneurs, and journalists. The award recognizes exemplary contributions.

Yessiey Awards is presented annually by Yessiey Magazine owned by Oluwaseun Olaegbe. To be considered for a Yessiey Award, a media piece or person must go through an entry process. The award also involves a voting process where nominees are selected, and winners are determined through public voting.

Oluwaseun Olaegbe
Oluwaseun Olaegbe (better known by his stage name Skilzar) is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, tech entrepreneur and tech-startup founder.

Olaegbe  was listed as one of the most influential people in the Nigerian entertainment world. He was awarded the Nigerian Books of Record and JOM Charity Award due to his contributions to the ICT and media industry.
Ashland, Pennsylvania
Ashland is a borough in Schuylkill and Columbia counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Pottsville. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. A small part of the borough also lies in Columbia County, although all of the population resided in the Schuylkill County portion as of the 2020 census. The borough lies in the anthracite coal region of eastern Pennsylvania. Settled in 1850, Ashland was incorporated in 1857, and was named for Henry Clay's estate near Lexington, Kentucky. The population in 1900 was 6,438, and in 1940, 7,045, but had dropped to 2,471 at the 2020 census.

It is the location of Pioneer Tunnel, a tourist attraction featuring a tour of a coal mine on mine cars and a separate 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge steam train ride.

Coal Region
The Coal Region is a region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is known for being home to the largest known deposits of anthracite coal in the world with an estimated reserve of seven billion short tons.

The region is typically defined as comprising five Pennsylvania counties, Carbon County, Lackawanna County, Luzerne County, Northumberland County, and Schuylkill County. It is home to 910,716 people as of the 2010 census.

The Coal Region is bordered by Berks, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties (including the Lehigh Valley) to its south; Columbia and Dauphin Counties to its west; Wyoming County to its north; and Monroe County, Pennsylvania to its east.
Thomas Hamilton, 1st Earl of Haddington
Thomas Hamilton, 1st Earl of Haddington (1563 – 29 May 1637), designated before his peerage as 'of Drumcarny, Monkland, and Binning', was a Scottish administrator, Lord Advocate, judge, and Lord Lieutenant of Haddingtonshire.

Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar
Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar (1576–1644) was a Scottish courtier. She was the daughter of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox and Catherine de Balsac d’Entragues (d. c.1631) and a favourite of James VI of Scotland. After her marriage, as was customary in Scotland, she did not change her name, and signed her letters as "Marie Stewart".
Seeliger (crater)
Seeliger is a relatively small lunar impact crater that lies near the southeastern edge of Sinus Medii. It was named after the German astronomer Hugo von Seeliger. This is a circular, cup-shaped feature that has not been appreciably worn by impact erosion. To the southeast is a rille named the Rima Réaumur, following a line to the northwest. In the north is the 110-km-long Rima Oppolzer, which divides the mare where Seeliger is situated from the remainder of the Sinus Medii.

Sinus Medii
Sinus Medii /ˈsaɪnəs ˈmiːdiaɪ/ (Latin sinus mediī "Middle Bay") is a small lunar mare. It takes its name from its location at the intersection of the Moon's equator and prime meridian; as seen from the Earth, this feature is located in the central part of the Moon's near side, and it is the point closest to the Earth. From this spot, the Earth would always appear directly overhead, although the planet's position would vary slightly due to libration.

During the Apollo program, Sinus Medii was designated Apollo Landing Site 3 (ALS3). Flight operations planners were concerned about having the optimum lighting conditions at the landing site. Hence, alternative landing sites moved progressively westward, following the terminator. A delay of two days for weather or equipment reasons would have sent Apollo 11 to Sinus Medii instead of ALS2, Mare Tranquillitatis (where it actually landed); another two-day delay would have resulted in ALS5, a site in Oceanus Procellarum, being targeted.
Mineral hydration
In inorganic chemistry, mineral hydration is a reaction which adds water to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, commonly called a hydrate.

In geological terms, the process of mineral hydration is known as retrograde alteration and is a process occurring in retrograde metamorphism. It commonly accompanies metasomatism and is often a feature of wall rock alteration around ore bodies. Hydration of minerals occurs generally in concert with hydrothermal circulation, which may be driven by tectonic or igneous activity.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Fleet Commander
Fleet Commander is a senior Royal Navy post, responsible for the operation, resourcing and training of the ships, submarines and aircraft, and personnel, of the Naval Service. The vice-admiral incumbent is required to provide ships, submarines and aircraft ready for operations, and is based at Navy Command Headquarters.

The post was created in April 2012 following a reorganisation of the Royal Navy and a re-designation of the former role of Commander-in-Chief Fleet.

Navy Command (Royal Navy)
The Navy Command is the current headquarters body of the Royal Navy, and as of 2012 its major organisational grouping. It is a hybrid, neither a command, nor simply an installation. Royal Navy official writings describe Navy Command Headquarters both as a physical site, on Whale Island (at Portsmouth, Hampshire), a collective formed of the most senior RN officers, and as a budgetary grouping.

On 1 April 2006 the Fleet Top Level Budget was established. A Top Level Budget (TLB) is the major financial accounting group of the MOD. On 1 April 2010 the Fleet TLB was renamed Navy Command. Navy Command is the Top Level Budget (holder) for the RN. Navy Command supports the First Sea Lord in the management of the Command, and delivers the Service's current and future outputs as articulated in the Command Plan.
Republican City, Nebraska
Republican City is a village in Harlan County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 150 at the 2010 census. The town is near the Harlan County Reservoir. At its peak in the 1950s the population was about 4 times larger than it is today.

Harlan County, Nebraska
Harlan County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 3,073. Its county seat is Alma. The county is home to the Harlan County Reservoir.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Harlan County is represented by the prefix 51 (it had the 51st-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Tom Osborne (Canadian politician)
Thomas Osborne MP (born September 20, 1964) is a politician in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He represented the district of Waterford Valley in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1996 to 2024. He was a member of the Liberal Party, a former member of the Progressive Conservative Party, and a former Minister in Danny Williams' first cabinet. He served as Minister of Health and Community Services, and Minister of Education in the Furey government. He was Speaker of the House of Assembly from 2015 to 2017. In 2025 he won the federal seat of Cape Spear and became an MP.

At the time of his retirement from provincial politics, Osborne was the province's longest consecutively-serving MHA having been in the House of Assembly from 1996 to 2024.

Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a provincial political party in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The party was founded in 1949 and has formed the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador since the 2025 general election, with leader Tony Wakeham as premier.
Ystradyfodwg
Ystradyfodwg or Ystrad Dyfodwg (Vale of Tyfodwg) was an ancient upland parish in Glamorgan, Wales. It is believed to have been named after Dyfodwg (or Tyfodwg) a 6th-century saint or chieftain. The parish included most of the area which would later be known as Rhondda named for the parish rivers, Rhondda Fawr and Rhondda Fach.

Llanwonno
Llanwonno (Welsh: Llanwynno) is a hamlet high up on the eastern side of Cefn Gwyngul, in the hills between the historic mining valleys of the Rhondda and the Cynon in Rhondda Cynon Taf, deep in the heart of the South Wales Valleys. Llanwonno today consists of St Gwynno's Church and an inn – The Brynffynon Hotel.
Colorado Rocky Mountain School
Colorado Rocky Mountain School (CRMS) is an independent coeducational boarding and day school in Carbondale, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1953, CRMS educates roughly 175 students in grades 9 through 12. The curriculum emphasizes rigorous college preparatory academics, exposure to visual and performing arts, educational experience in the wilderness, campus service crews, and required athletics. In 2020, school review website Niche ranked Colorado Rocky Mountain school as one of Colorado's best boarding schools and best high schools for the arts.

Carbondale, Colorado
The Town of Carbondale is a home rule municipality located in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 6,434 at the 2020 United States census. Carbondale is a part of the Rifle, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town is located in the Roaring Fork Valley, downstream from Aspen and upstream from the mouth of the Roaring Fork River at Glenwood Springs. The town proper sits on the south bank of the river, near its confluence with the Crystal River. Carbondale's horizon is dominated by the 12,953 ft (3,952 m) tall Mount Sopris several miles to the south of town. Carbondale is the northern terminus of the West Elk Loop Scenic and Historic Byway.
Lars Gunnarson Hågå
Lars Gunnarson Hågå (before 1580 – after 1645) was a Norwegian farmer and lensmann in Lesja in Gudbrandsdalen.

He is remembered for his leading role during the Battle of Kringen in 1612, for which he was rewarded the farms of Hågå and Landheim, former Crown land, from the King.

Battle of Kringen
Battle of Kringen (Norwegian: Slaget ved Kringen) involved an ambush by Norwegian peasant militia of Scottish mercenary soldiers who were on their way to enlist in the Swedish army for the Kalmar War. The battle has since become a part of folklore in Norway, giving names to local places in the Ottadalen valley.
P. V. Ramana
Pusarla Venkata Ramana is a former professional volleyball player from India and an employee of Indian Railways in Secunderabad. He was a member of the India men's national volleyball team and won a bronze medal at the 1986 Asian Games. He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2000 for his contribution to Indian volleyball.

Ramana was born in Nirmal to a family originally hailing from Eluru that later relocated to Guntur and Nirmal. In an interview with ABN Andhra Jyothi, he said that his father had died when he was five years old, and he was raised in Hyderabad alongside his siblings. He completed his graduation, equivalent to a bachelor's degree, in Vijayawada. Ramana and his family regularly visit their family deity in Ratnalammakunta village of Eluru district, Andhra Pradesh.

India men's national volleyball team
The India men's national volleyball team represents India in international volleyball competitions. It is managed by the Volleyball Federation of India and is currently sponsored by Sahara India Pariwar and Asics.

The Indian volleyball team has had a rollercoaster ride in its history. Although they have never qualified for the Olympics, they have appeared in the World Championship twice.

Despite having little to no presence at the world stage in its history, the team has enjoyed some success at the continental level by clinching a silver medal and two bronze medals at the Asian Games. After the decline post 1980s, the team has fared well at the recently introduced Asian Cup competition, receiving a silver and a bronze medal so far.
Saskatchewan Highway 917
Highway 917 is a provincial highway in the north-west region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 916 to a dead end near Doré Lake. It is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) long.

About 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the junction with Highway 916, Charbonneau Road connects Highway 917 to Smoothstone Lake Recreation Site. And about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Charbonneau Road, Highway 938 branches off 917.

Smoothstone Lake
Smoothstone Lake is a lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan along the course of the Smoothstone River. The lake is at the western edge of the Waskesiu Upland in the Mid-Boreal Upland ecozone of Canada and is surrounded by boreal forests. Smoothstone Lake's primary inflow and outflow is the Smoothstone River, which begins in the Waskesiu Upland and ends at Pinehouse Lake of the Churchill River. At the lake's northern end is Selenite Point, Selenite Bay, and the 362.2-hectare (895-acre) Shelter Island. Access to the lake and its amenities is from Highway 917. Highway 929 dead ends near Selenite Bay at the lake's northern end.
King William's College
King William's College (Manx: Colleish Ree Illiam) is a co-educational private school for pupils aged 3 to 18 near Castletown on the Isle of Man. It is a member of the International Baccalaureate and Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference organisations. The College operates at two sites: a main senior school campus on the shore of Castletown Bay, and a prep school (The Buchan School) in the Westhill part of Castletown. The College was originally for boys only, but became co-educational in the 1980s. It has roughly five hundred pupils.

The UK Department for Education categorises it as an Overseas British school.

Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC), formerly known as the Headmasters' Conference and now branded HMC (The Heads' Conference), is an association of the head teachers of 351 private fee-charging schools (both boarding schools and day schools), traditionally described as public schools. 302 members are based in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and Ireland. There are 72 international members (mostly from the Commonwealth) and also 28 associate or affiliate members who are head teachers of state schools or other influential individuals in the world of education, who endorse and support the work of HMC.
2016 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 2016 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Gamecocks played their home games at Williams–Brice Stadium in Columbia, South Carolina and competed in the East Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Gamecocks' first-year head coach was Will Muschamp, with Kurt Roper as offensive coordinator and Travaris Robinson as defensive coordinator. They finished the season 6–7, 3–5 in SEC play to finish in fifth place in the East Division. They were invited to the Birmingham Bowl, where they lost to No. 25 South Florida in overtime.

Following a 2–4 start, freshman Jake Bentley became the starting quarterback and led the Gamecocks to a 4–3 finish, including an upset over No. 18 Tennessee. South Carolina had a three-win improvement over the previous year and returned to the postseason, but finished with a second consecutive losing season.

2016 Tennessee Volunteers football team
The 2016 Tennessee Volunteers football team represented the University of Tennessee in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. This was the program's 120th overall season, 83rd as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and 25th within the SEC Eastern Division. The Volunteers played their home games at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee and were led by fourth-year head coach Butch Jones. They finished the season 9–4, 4–4 in SEC play to finish in a three-way tie for second place in the Eastern Division. They were invited to the Music City Bowl where they defeated Nebraska 38–24.
Expansive clay
Expansive clay, also called expansive soil, is a clay soil prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) directly related to changes in water content. Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years; such soils are called vertisols. Soils with smectite clay minerals, including montmorillonite, kaolinite, and illite group minerals,   such as montmorillonite-containing bentonite, have the most dramatic shrink–swell capacity.

The mineral make-up of this type of soil is responsible for the moisture retaining capabilities. All clays consist of mineral sheets packaged into layers, and can be classified as either 1:1 or 2:1. These ratios refer to the proportion of tetrahedral sheets to octahedral sheets. Octahedral sheets are sandwiched between two tetrahedral sheets in 2:1 clays, while 1:1 clays have sheets in matched pairs. Expansive clays have an expanding crystal lattice in a 2:1 ratio; however, there are 2:1 non-expansive clays.

Clay mineral
Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces.

Clay minerals form in the presence of water and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis involve them. They are important constituents of soils, and have been useful to humans since ancient times in agriculture and manufacturing.
Kars oblast
The Kars oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire between 1878 and 1917. Its capital was the city of Kars, which later became part of Turkey. The oblast bordered the Ottoman Empire to the west, the Batum Oblast (in 1883–1903 part of the Kutaisi Governorate) to the north, the Tiflis Governorate to the northeast, and the Erivan Governorate to the east. The Kars oblast included parts of the contemporary provinces of Kars, Ardahan, and Erzurum Province of Turkey, and the Amasia Community of the Shirak Province of Armenia.

Kars
Kars (Armenian: Կարս or Ղարս; Azerbaijani: Qars; Kurdish: Qers; Georgian: ყარსი, romanized: q'arsi; Russian: Карс) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District. As of 2022, its population was 91,450. Kars, in classical historiography (Strabo), was in the ancient region known as Chorzene (Greek: Χορζηνή), part of the province of Ayrarat in the Kingdom of Armenia, and later the capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia from 929 to 961. Currently, the mayor of Kars is Ötüken Senger. The city had an Armenian ethnic majority until it was recaptured by Turkish nationalist forces in late 1920.
Stary Las, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Stary Las [ˈstarɨ ˈlas] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Starogard Gdański, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Starogard Gdański
Gmina Starogard Gdański is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Starogard Gdański, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 196.16 square kilometres (75.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 13,676.
Antonio Carpio
Antonio Tirol Carpio (Tagalog pronunciation: [anˈtɔnjo ˈkaɾpjo]; born October 26, 1949) is a former associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was sworn in as a member of the Supreme Court by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on October 26, 2001, and served until his retirement on October 26, 2019. He served as associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines for a period of eighteen years. He also served as chief justice in an acting capacity several times during his tenure as Senior Associate Justice.

University of the Philippines College of Law
The University of the Philippines College of Law (often referred to as UP Law) is the law school of the University of the Philippines Diliman. Formally established in 1911 in UP Manila, it is the third oldest continually-operating law school in the Philippines. Since 1948, it has been based in UP Diliman in Quezon City, the flagship of the UP System's eight constituent universities. The college also holds extension classes at the Bonifacio Global City campus of UP Diliman in Taguig and the Iloilo City campus of UP Visayas.

UP Law is noted for having produced the largest number of bar topnotchers and maintaining one of the highest bar passing rates among law schools in the Philippines.
Horizon Field
Horizon Field is a 2010 sculpture installation by Antony Gormley. The installation features 100 life-sized cast iron statues of the human body left at exactly 2,039 m (6,690 ft) above sea-level in the Austrian Alps. It is the first art project of its kind erected in the Alps and the largest landscape intervention in Austria to date. The work covers an area of 150 square kilometres (58 square miles) in the Land Vorarlberg, Austria, communities of Mellau, Schoppernau, Schröcken, Warth, Mittelberg, Lech, Klösterle, and Dalaas.

Antony Gormley
Sir Antony Mark David Gormley CH OBE RA (born 30 August 1950) is a British sculptor. His works include the Angel of the North, a public sculpture in Gateshead in the north of England, commissioned in 1994 and erected in February 1998; Another Place on Crosby Beach near Liverpool; and Event Horizon, a multipart site installation which premiered in London in 2007, then subsequently in Madison Square in New York City (2010), São Paulo (2012) and Hong Kong (2015–16).
Polydamas of Pharsalus
Polydamas of Pharsalus (Ancient Greek: Πολυδάμας, gen. Πολυδάμαντος, Polydámas, Polydámantos) was a Thessalian statesman from Farsala (Ancient Pharsalos). He was entrusted by his fellow-citizens about 375 BC, with the supreme government of their native town. Polydamas formed an alliance with Sparta, with which state his family had long been connected by the bonds of public hospitality (proxeny), but he soon after entered into a treaty with Jason of Pherae. On the murder of Jason in  370 BC, his brother Polyphron, who succeeded to his power, put to death Polydamas and eight other most distinguished citizens of Pharsalus.

Polyphron of Pherae
Polyphron (Ancient Greek: Πολύφρων) was a tyrant of Pherae and Tagus of the Thessalian League (370-369 BC).

In 370 BC, Polyphron succeeded Jason of Pherae together with his brother Polydorus, and the brothers shared the power as co-tyrants. However this dual tyranny did not last long, as Polyphron murdered his brother the same year, effectively becoming the sole ruler.

Polyphron turned out to be a cruel tyrant, he put to death few of the best citizens of Pharsalus, among them Polydamas, and exiled many more from Larissa.

In 369 BC he was murdered by Alexander of Pherae, who became a tyrant himself.