hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Army Detachment Steiner
Army Detachment Steiner (German: Armeeabteilung Steiner), also referred to as Army Group Steiner: 12  (German: Armeegruppe Steiner) or Group Steiner (German: Gruppe Steiner), was a temporary military unit (Armeegruppe-type), mid-way in strength between a corps and an army, created on paper by Adolf Hitler on 21 April 1945 during the Battle of Berlin, and placed under the command of SS-Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner.

Hitler hoped that the units assigned to Steiner would be able to stage an effective counterattack against the northern pincer of the Soviet assault on Berlin, but Steiner refused to attack upon realizing the units were inadequate.  His force was made up of some soldiers, Hitler Youth teenagers, emergency Luftwaffe ground personnel, and Kriegsmarine dockworkers. The only tanks available were approximately a dozen captured French tanks from 1940. It was the failure of this offensive that led Hitler to admit out loud for the first time that Germany had lost the war.

Armeegruppe
Armeegruppe was a historical type of major formation of German military history, in use in the Imperial German Army during World War I and the Wehrmacht during World War II.

While the term literally translates as army group, the German-language equivalent of an English-language army group is Heeresgruppe. Whereas a Heeresgruppe-type army group was designed to be permanent, an Armeegruppe-type army group was usually an ad hoc formation for a specific military task. Typically, Armeegruppe-type formations were short-lived.

Whereas Heeresgruppe-type formations were typically named after a geographic region (such as Heeresgruppe Courland), geographic direction (such as Heeresgruppe North) or even named by simple letters (such as Army Group A), Armeegruppe-type army groups were typically named after their commanding general, e.g. Army Group Steiner was named after Felix Steiner.
Dad's Army (stage show)
Dad's Army: A Nostalgic Music and Laughter Show of Britain's Finest Hour was a 1975 stage adaptation of the BBC sitcom Dad's Army. Following the success of the television programme, the stage show was commissioned by Bernard Delfont in the spring of 1975.

Jimmy Perry and David Croft adapted material from the original scripts, making changes to allow for the absence of location filming. The show was in the style of a revue, with songs, familiar scenes from the show, and individual turns for cast members. It was produced by Roger Redfarn, who shared the same agent as the writers.

Jimmy Perry
James Perry (20 September 1923 – 23 October 2016) was an English scriptwriter and actor. He devised and co-wrote the BBC sitcoms Dad's Army (1968–1977), It Ain't Half Hot Mum (1974–1981), Hi-de-Hi! (1980–1988) and You Rang, M'Lord? (1988–1993), all with David Croft. Perry co-wrote the theme tune of Dad's Army, "Who Do You Think You Are Kidding, Mr. Hitler?" along with Derek Taverner, for which Perry received an Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors in 1971.
John Orr Young
John Orr Young (June 25, 1886 – May 1, 1976) was an American advertiser who, with Raymond Rubicam, founded the Young & Rubicam advertising agency.

His first job in advertising was at the Salt Lake City Tribune in 1909; in 1910, he joined Lord & Thomas, and in 1913, he was hired by Procter & Gamble to manage advertising for Crisco.

In 1918, he worked at the Armstrong agency in Chicago, where he shared an office with Raymond Rubicam. In 1921, he worked at N. W. Ayer & Son, where Rubicam was again his coworker. In 1923, Rubicam was denied a promotion to partner, and he and Young left Ayer to found their own agency.

In 1927, Young left the firm of Young & Rubicam, and in 1934 he retired from advertising.

VMLY&R
VMLY&R was an American marketing and communications company specializing in advertising, digital and social media, sales promotion, direct marketing and brand identity consulting, formed from the 2020 merger of VML, founded in 1992, and Y&R (Young & Rubicam), founded in 1923. It was a subsidiary of WPP plc, a multinational advertising and public relations holding company.

Before the merger with Wunderman Thompson, VMLY&R employed more than 13,000 employees in 80-plus offices worldwide. Principal offices were set in Kansas City, New York, London, São Paulo, Shanghai, Singapore, and Sydney.

On October 17, 2023, WPP announced the merger of Wunderman Thompson and VMLY&R into a new agency, VML.
MigratieMuseumMigration
The MigratieMuseumMigration (MMM) is a migration museum in Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, a municipality of Brussels, Belgium. It was founded in 2019 by the Foyer de Molenbeek-Saint Jean, which was established in 1969. It is one of the 235 (as of 2024) museums to which access is provided by the Belgian national "Museum Pass" and one of the 49 (as of 2024) museums included in the "Brussels Card".

People from about 180 countries live in the Brussels-Capital Region, and the museum presents the history of the first guest workers, the homeless, the war refugees and also the European internal migrants. The museum "pays tribute to the many migrants who have helped shape the city". In 2022, it received the European Heritage Label.

The museum is located at 17, rue des Ateliers/Werkhuizenstraat, close to the Brussels–Charleroi Canal. This site is served by the tram stop Sainctelette (on line 51).

European Heritage Label
The European Heritage Label is a recognition awarded by the European Union to buildings, documents, museums, archives, monuments, and events which are seen as milestones in the creation of today's Europe. The program is managed by the European Commission.
Children of Invention
Children of Invention is an American independent feature film written and directed by Tze Chun. It premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, screened at more than 50 film festivals, and won 17 festival awards including 8 Grand Jury or Best Narrative Feature prizes.  The film was released theatrically in eight U.S. cities beginning February 2010, on Video-on-Demand in June 2010, and on DVD in August 2010.

Tze Chun
Tze Chun (born Tze-ngo Chun Chinese: 陳子翱) is an American film and TV producer, director, writer, painter, and comic book publisher. He was born in Chicago and raised outside of Boston, and graduated from Milton Academy in 1998. He received his bachelor's degree in film studies at Columbia University.
Portuguese Gold Coast
The Portuguese Gold Coast was a Portuguese colony on the West African Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) along the Gulf of Guinea.

From their seat of power at the fortress of São Jorge da Mina (established in 1482 and located in modern Elmina), the Portuguese commanded a vast internal slave trade, creating a slave network that would expand after the end of Portuguese colonialism in the region. The primary export of the colony was gold, which was obtained through barter with the local population. Portuguese presence along the Gold Coast increased seamanship and trade in the Gulf, introduced American crops (such as maize and cassava) into the African agricultural landscape, and made Portuguese an enduring language of trade in the area.

The colony was officially incorporated into Dutch territory in 1642.

Gold Coast (region)
5°27′N 0°58′W﻿ / ﻿5.450°N 0.967°W﻿ / 5.450; -0.967

The Gold Coast was the name for a region on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa that was rich in gold, petroleum, sweet crude oil and natural gas. This former region is now known as the country Ghana.
Kapton
Kapton is a polyimide film used in flexible printed circuits (flexible electronics) and space blankets, which are used on spacecraft, satellites, and various space instruments. Invented by the DuPont Corporation in the 1960s, Kapton remains stable across a wide range of temperatures, from 4 to 673 K (−269 to +400 °C). Kapton is used in electronics manufacturing and space applications, with x-ray equipment, and in 3D printing applications. Its favorable thermal properties and outgassing characteristics result in its regular use in cryogenic applications and in high vacuum environments.

Space blanket
A space blanket is an especially low-weight, low-bulk blanket made of heat-reflective thin plastic sheeting. They are used on the exterior surfaces of spacecraft for thermal control, as well as by people. Their design reduces the heat loss in a person's body, which would otherwise occur quickly due to thermal radiation, water evaporation, or convection. Their low weight and compact size before unfurling make them ideal when space or weight are at a premium. They may be included in first aid kits and with camping equipment. Lost campers and hikers have an additional possible benefit: the shiny surface flashes in the sun, allowing its use as an improvised distress beacon for searchers and as a method of signalling over long distances to other people.
Luciano Rezzolla
Luciano Rezzolla (born 1967) is an Italian professor of relativistic  astrophysics and
numerical relativity at the Goethe University Frankfurt. His main field of study is the physics and astrophysics of compact objects such as black holes and neutron stars. It was announced in 2019 that he had been appointed honorary Andrews Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College Dublin (TCD).

Heino Falcke
Heino Falcke (born 26 September 1966 in Cologne) is a German professor of radio astronomy and astroparticle physics at the Radboud University Nijmegen (Netherlands). His main field of study is black holes, and he is the originator of the concept of the 'black hole shadow'. In 2019, Falcke announced the first Event Horizon Telescope results at the EHT Press Conference in Brussels.
KeyKOS
KeyKOS is a persistent, pure capability-based operating system for the IBM S/370 mainframe computers. It allows emulating the environments of VM, MVS, and Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX). It is a predecessor of the Extremely Reliable Operating System (EROS), and its successor operating systems, CapROS, and Coyotos. KeyKOS is a nanokernel-based operating system.

In the mid-1970s, development of KeyKOS began at Tymshare, Inc., under the name GNOSIS. In 1984, McDonnell Douglas (MD) bought Tymshare. A year later MD spun off Key Logic, which bought GNOSIS and renamed it KeyKOS.

Microkernel
In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS). These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC).

If the hardware provides multiple rings or CPU modes, the microkernel may be the only software executing at the most privileged level, which is generally referred to as supervisor or kernel mode. Traditional operating system functions, such as device drivers, protocol stacks and file systems, are typically removed from the microkernel itself and are instead run in user space.

In terms of the source code size, microkernels are often smaller than monolithic kernels. The MINIX 3 microkernel, for example, has only approximately 12,000 lines of code.
Nectaris
Nectaris, occasionally released as Military Madness, is a series of sci-fi-themed, hex map turn-based strategy games for a variety of systems. The games were developed by Hudson Soft. The company was absorbed by Konami in 2012, and as a result Konami owns the rights to the series.

Games in the series include:

Nectaris / Military Madness (PC Engine / TurboGrafx-16, 1989)

Nectaris (PC 9800 & X68000, 1992)

Neo Nectaris / Military Madness 2 (PC Engine CD, 1994)

Nectaris (MS-DOS, 1995)

Nectaris (Windows 95, 1997)

Nectaris GB (Game Boy, February 1998)

Nectaris (PlayStation, 1998), (PlayStation Network, 2008)

Nectaris Cellular (i-mode, 2003)

Military Madness (US cellphone (Verizon) v1.1)

Military Madness: Nectaris (WiiWare, Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network, 2009)

Military Madness: Neo Nectaris (iPhone, 2010)

Hex map
A hex map, hex board, or hex grid is a game board design commonly used in simulation games of all scales, including wargames, role-playing games, and strategy games in both board games and video games. A hex map is subdivided into a hexagonal tiling, small regular hexagons of identical size.
House of Fools (film)
House of Fools (Russian: Дом дураков, Dom durakov) is a 2002 Russian film by Andrei Konchalovsky about psychiatric patients and combatants during the First Chechen War. It stars Julia Vysotskaya and Sultan Islamov and features a number of cameo appearances by Bryan Adams, with the music composed by Eduard Artemyev.

Distinctly anti-war and controversial in Russia, House of Fools is a bizarre blend of black comedy, touching drama, horrific warfare and subtly disturbing psychological content. The film was screened in the competition at the 59th Venice International Film Festival and  won Grand Special Jury Prize and UNICEF Award and was also selected as the Russian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 77th Academy Awards, but it didn't make the final shortlist.

59th Venice International Film Festival
The 59th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 29 August to 8 September 2002, at Venice Lido in Italy.

Chinese actress Gong Li was the Jury President of the main competition. The Golden Lion was awarded to The Magdalene Sisters by Peter Mullan.
Steve Mackay
Steve Mackay (September 25, 1949 – October 10, 2015) was an American tenor saxophonist best known for his membership in the Stooges. His performances are showcased on three songs on the band's second album, Fun House (1970).

Telluric Chaos
Telluric Chaos is a live album by the reunited Iggy Pop & The Stooges. It chronicles the closing date of the band's first ever Japanese tour, which took place on March 22, 2004, at the Shibuya AX in Tokyo. The album documents a typical reunited Stooges set, primarily drawn from the band's first two albums (including all of Fun House) with no material from the James Williamson era (Raw Power, Kill City). This live set also includes some of the first live performances of three of the four Stooges reunion tracks from Iggy Pop's 2003 solo album Skull Ring plus one brand new song, "My Idea of Fun" (a finalized version appears on their 2007 studio album The Weirdness).

Originally a CD-only release, the album was issued on vinyl in 2006 by French label May I Records (under license from Skydog) and in 2016 with a limited colored vinyl edition for Record Store Day's Black Friday.
School of Visual Arts
The School of Visual Arts New York City (SVA NYC) is a private for-profit art school in New York City. It was founded in 1947 and is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design.

Visual arts education
Visual arts education is the area of learning that is based upon the kind of art that one can see, visual arts—drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, and design in jewelry, pottery, weaving, fabrics, etc. and design applied to more practical fields such as commercial graphics and home furnishings. Contemporary topics include photography, video, film, design, and computer art. Art education may focus on students creating art, on learning to criticize or appreciate art, or some combination of the two.
Revenge (1971 film)
Revenge is a 1971 British thriller film directed by Sidney Hayers and starring Joan Collins, James Booth and Sinéad Cusack. The screenplay was by John Kruse. It was released in the United States in May 1976 as Inn of the Frightened People.

A family seek brutal revenge on the man who they suspect attacked their daughter.

John Kruse
John Kruse (1921–2004) was an English film and television screenwriter, director and novelist. He is mostly remembered for his work on ITC classic TV series The Saint, as well as several films of the franchise, and as the author of the best-selling novel Red Omega.
Message Received
"Message Received" is the 22nd episode of the fifth season of the American sitcom Modern Family, and the series' 118th overall. It aired on May 7, 2014. The episode deals with themes of stepping outside one's comfort zone. While the episode touches on lighter plot elements such as Jay's household all trying new things, the name of the episode refers to the revealing conversation between Jay and Mitch regarding Jay's assertion that he does not feel free to hold his own beliefs or ideas.

The episode was written by Steven Levitan and directed by Jeffrey Walker. Jesse Tyler Ferguson submitted this episode for consideration at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, where he received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.

Modern Family season 5
The fifth season of the American television sitcom Modern Family aired on ABC from September 25, 2013 to May 21, 2014.

This season was ordered on May 10, 2013. The season was produced by Lloyd-Levitan Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with series creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd serving as showrunners.
The Railroad Hour
The Railroad Hour was a radio series of musical dramas and comedies broadcast from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s.

Sponsored by the Association of American Railroads, the series condensed musicals and operettas to shorter lengths, concentrating on those written before 1943. Singer-actor Gordon MacRae starred in scripts by Jean Holloway, Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee. Marvin Miller was the announcer. Warren Barker, at the age of 24, was appointed chief arranger for The Railroad Hour, a position he held for six years. The show's musical director was Carmen Dragon.

With its theme song, "I've Been Working on the Railroad", the series began on ABC October 4, 1948 as a 45-minute program, advertised as "World's Greatest Musical Comedies." It was reduced to 30 minutes on April 25, 1949, continuing until September 26, 1949. It then moved to NBC for a run from October 3, 1949, until June 21, 1954. On both networks it aired Monday evenings at 8pm (Eastern).

Gordon MacRae
Albert Gordon MacRae (March 12, 1921 – January 24, 1986) was an American actor, singer, and television and radio host. He appeared in the film versions of two Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals, Oklahoma! (1955) and Carousel (1956), and played the leading man opposite Doris Day in On Moonlight Bay (1951) and its sequel, By The Light of the Silvery Moon (1953).
Kitabgi
Antoine Kitabgi Khan (October 2, 1843, Constantinople – December 20, 1902, Livorno) was a Persian general who was director general of customs in Persia from 1881 to 1893 and initiated important concessions during the reigns of Nasseredin shah and his successor Mozaffareddin shah. He was in particular the initiator of the oil concession granted in 1901 to William Knox D'Arcy which gave birth to BP.

William Knox D'Arcy
William Knox D'Arcy (11 October 1849 – 1 May 1917) was a British and Australian businessman who was one of the principal founders of the oil and petrochemical industry in Persia. D'Arcy founded the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in 1909, which later became BP. The D'Arcy Concession was signed in 1901 and allowed D'Arcy to explore, obtain, and market oil, natural gas, asphalt, and ozokerite in Persia.
The Wrong Move
The Wrong Move (German: Falsche Bewegung – "False Movement") is a 1975 German road movie directed by Wim Wenders. This was the second part of Wenders' "Road Movie trilogy" which included Alice in the Cities (1974) and Kings of the Road (1976).

With long carefully composed shots characteristic of Wenders' work, the story follows the wanderings of an aspiring young writer, Wilhelm Meister, as he explores his native country, encounters its people and starts defining his vocation. His thoughts are occasionally presented in voice-over. The work is a rough adaption of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's 1795-96 novel Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, an early example of the Bildungsroman or novel of initiation.

Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (German: Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre) is the second novel by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, published in 1795–96. A Bildungsroman, or coming-of-age story, it was published in 1795/96. It consists of eight books, the first five of which are based on the fragment Wilhelm Meister's Theatrical Mission, which remained unpublished during Goethe's lifetime. A comparison of the two texts reveals numerous verbatim similarities. The sequel, Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years, was published in two volumes in 1821 and 1829, respectively.
For Badgeholders Only
For Badgeholders Only is a bootleg recording of a rock concert by English band Led Zeppelin, performed on June 23, 1977 at the Los Angeles Forum in Los Angeles, California, a show which came towards the end of the band's 1977 North American concert tour.

Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1977
Led Zeppelin's 1977 North American Tour was the eleventh and final concert tour of North America by the English rock band. The tour was divided into three legs, with performances commencing on 1 April and concluding on 24 July 1977. The tour was originally intended to finish on 13 August, but was cut short following the death of Robert Plant's son, Karac.
Argentine quota law
The Argentine law 24,012 or Argentine quota law (Spanish: Ley de cupo) seeks to increase the number of women in government in Argentina, by setting quotas for the minimum representation of women on the ballots of each party at the legislative elections. The law was enacted in 1991, during the presidency of Carlos Menem, and was the first gender quota law to be passed in Latin America. Following Argentina's lead, eleven other Latin American countries have since introduced gender quotas to increase female representation at the national level.

Women in government
In many countries, women have been underrepresented in the government and different institutions. As of 2019, women were still underrepresented in most countries, but were increasingly being elected to be heads of state and government.

As of October 2019, the global participation rate of women in national-level parliaments was 24.5%. In 2013, women accounted for 8% of all national leaders and 2% of all presidential posts. Furthermore, 75% of all female prime ministers and presidents took office in the two decades through to 2016.

Women may face a number of challenges that affect their ability to participate in political life and become political leaders. Several countries explored measures that could increase women's participation in government at all levels, from the local to the national and international. Political parties advocating for women can be categorized as either gender egalitarian or gender essentialist.
Mehran River
The  Mehran  (Persian: رودخانه مهران) is a river in Hormozgan province in the south of Iran. It rises in the south of Fars province, and flows through the towns of Jenah and Kookherd in Hormozgan province. The Mehran terminates in a delta in the area of the Hara forests on the Khuran Strait, part of the Persian Gulf.

Mangrove forests of Qeshm
The Mangrove forests of Qeshm or Hara forests of Qeshm, are the mangrove forests on the southern coast of Iran, particularly on and near the island of Qeshm in the Persian Gulf. Dominated by the species Avicennia marina, known locally as the "harra" tree (Persian: حرا), the forests represent an ecological resource. The "Hara Protected Area" on Qeshm and the nearby mainland is a biosphere reserve where commercial use is restricted to fishing (mainly shrimp), tourist boat trips, and limited mangrove cutting for animal feed.