hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wu Junsheng
Wu Junsheng (simplified Chinese: 吴俊陞; traditional Chinese: 吳俊陞; pinyin: Wú Jùnshēng; or Wu Tsi-cheng; 11 October 1863 – 4 June 1928) was a Chinese general and commander-in-chief of the cavalry in the Fengtian Army.

Wu Junsheng was born to a peasant family in Changtu, Fengtian province (today Liaoning), on November 23, 1863. He joined a cavalry troop in 1880 and helped crush the Manchu independence plan (supported by the Japanese) in 1912. He supported Yuan Shikai's monarchy in 1915 and Zhang Zuolin's effort to seize Manchuria. He was rewarded with the military and civil governorship of Heilongjiang in March 1921 and promoted to commander of the 5th Army in 1924. He held those posts until June 1928, when he was one of those killed in what came to be known as the Huanggutun incident, when a Japanese officer set a bomb to blow up a railroad car carrying Zhang Zuolin, who was also killed. He adopted his nephew Wu Tailai (吳泰來) as heir.

Huanggutun incident
The Huanggutun incident (Chinese: 皇姑屯事件; pinyin: Huánggū Tún Shìjiàn), also known as the Zhang Zuolin Explosion Death Incident (Japanese: 張作霖爆殺事件, Hepburn: Chōsakurin bakusatsu jiken), was the assassination of the Fengtian warlord and Generalissimo of the Military Government of China Zhang Zuolin near Shenyang on 4 June 1928.

Zhang was killed when his personal train was destroyed by an explosion at the Huanggutun Railway Station that had been plotted and committed by the Kwantung Army of the Imperial Japanese Army. Zhang's death had undesirable outcomes for the Empire of Japan, which had hoped to advance its interests in Manchuria at the end of the Warlord Era, and the incident was concealed as "A Certain Important Incident in Manchuria" (満州某重大事件, Manshu bou judai jiken) in Japan. The incident delayed the Japanese invasion of Manchuria for several years until the Mukden Incident in 1931.
Zimne Kąty
Zimne Kąty [ˈʑimnɛ ˈkɔntɨ] (German: Kaltvorwerk) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prudnik, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border.

Gmina Prudnik
Gmina Prudnik is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, on the Czech border. Its seat is the town of Prudnik, which lies approximately 46 kilometres (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 122.13 square kilometres (47.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 27,157.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Opawskie Mountains Landscape Park.
Isotopy of an algebra
In mathematics, an isotopy from a possibly non-associative algebra A to another is a triple of bijective linear maps (a, b, c) such that if xy = z then a(x)b(y) = c(z). This is similar to the definition of an isotopy of loops, except that it must also preserve the linear structure of the algebra. For a = b = c  this is the same as an isomorphism. The autotopy group of an algebra is the group of all isotopies to itself (sometimes called autotopies), which contains the group of automorphisms as a subgroup.

Isotopy of algebras was introduced by Albert (1942), who was inspired by work of Steenrod.
Some authors use a slightly different definition that an isotopy is a triple of bijective linear maps a, b, c such that if xyz = 1 then a(x)b(y)c(z) = 1. For alternative division algebras such as the octonions the two definitions of isotopy are equivalent, but in general they are not.

Octonion
In mathematics, the octonions are a normed division algebra over the real numbers, a kind of hypercomplex number system. The octonions are usually represented by the capital letter O, using boldface O or blackboard bold . Octonions have eight dimensions; twice the number of dimensions of the quaternions, of which they are an extension. They are noncommutative and nonassociative, but satisfy a weaker form of associativity; namely, they are alternative. They are also power associative.

Octonions are not as well known as the quaternions and complex numbers, which are much more widely studied and used. Octonions are related to exceptional structures in mathematics, among them the exceptional Lie groups. Octonions have applications in fields such as string theory, special relativity and quantum logic. Applying the Cayley–Dickson construction to the octonions produces the sedenions.
Fahad al-Shehri
A Saudi citizen, Fahad al-Shehri was deported from Canada in 1997 on charges he had engaged in terrorism.

He was a known associate of Mohamed Harkat, a Canadian accused of links to the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria.

Mohamed Harkat
Mohamed Harkat (Arabic: محمد حركات) (born August 6, 1968, Algeria) is a native-born Algerian and permanent resident of Canada who was arrested in 2002 and was imprisoned under security certificates after the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) concluded that he entered the country as a sleeper agent for al-Qaeda. His court challenge of the government's security certificate proceedings - which could lead to his deportation from Canada - are ongoing. The Harkat case is one of Canada's longest-running judicial matters.
Senezh Lake
Senezh (Russian: Сенеж), also known as Senezhskoye (Сенежское), is a lake in Moscow Oblast, Russia, about 60 km northwest of Moscow. Area: 7 km². The town of Solnechnogorsk is located on its western coast. The Sestra River starts from here.

Solnechnogorsk
Solnechnogorsk (Russian: Солнечного́рск, lit. sunny mountain town) is a town and the administrative center of Solnechnogorsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Moscow–St. Petersburg Highway and the Moscow–St. Petersburg railway, on the coast of Senezh Lake, 65 kilometers (40 mi) northwest from Moscow. Population:  52,944 (2010 Census); 58,374 (2002 Census); 55,554 (1989 Soviet census).

It was previously known as Solnechnaya Gora (until 1938).
Barefoot at Dawn
Barefoot at Dawn (French: Pieds nus dans l'aube) is a Canadian drama film from Quebec, directed by Francis Leclerc and released in 2017. Written by Leclerc and Fred Pellerin as an adaptation of Félix Leclerc's semi-autobiographical novel Pieds nus dans l'aube, the film stars Justin Leyrolles-Bouchard as the young Félix Leclerc growing up in La Tuque, Quebec. Roy Dupuis and Catherine Sénart also appear as Félix's parents, Leo and Fabiola Leclerc, and Robert Lepage as his uncle Rodolphe.

The film represented Francis Leclerc's first attempt to openly address his legacy as the son of Félix Leclerc, one of Quebec's musical icons, in his own work.

The film received three Prix Iris nominations at the 20th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2018: Best Cinematography (Steve Asselin), Best Costume Design (Josée Castonguay) and Best Visual Effects.

Robert Lepage
Robert Lepage CC OQ (born December 12, 1957) is a Canadian playwright, actor, film director, and stage director. He is known for his multidisciplinary performance and production company called Ex Machina, which he founded in 1994 in Quebec City.
Arthoniales
The Arthoniales is the second largest order of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. The order contains around 1500 species, while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
San Donato (Milan Metro)
San Donato is a station on Line 3 of the Milan Metro in Milan, Italy. The station was opened on 12 May 1991 as part of the extension of the line from Porta Romana. It is the southern terminus of the line.

The station is located between Via Marignano and Via Giuseppe Impastato, in the municipality of Milan, near the city border with San Donato Milanese.

The station is underground with three tracks in two different tunnels.

An airplane crash happened close to this station in 2021. All of its eight passengers died in the incident.

Milan Metro
The Milan Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Milano) is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. The network consists of five lines with a total network length of 111.8 kilometres (69.5 mi), and a total of 125 stations (+2 in construction), mostly underground. It has a daily ridership of about 1.4 million on weekdays. The Milan Metro is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the European Union and the eighth in Europe.

The first line, Line 1, opened in 1964; Line 2 opened 5 years later in 1969, Line 3 in 1990, Line 5 (driverless) in 2013, and Line 4 (driverless) in 2022. There are also several extensions planned and under construction. The architectural project of the Milan Metro, created by Franco Albini and Franca Helg, and the signs, designed by Bob Noorda, received the Compasso d'Oro award in 1964.
Oath of the Peach Garden
The Oath of the Peach Garden is a fictional event in the 14th century Chinese historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong. This event is set at the end of the Eastern Han dynasty around the time of the Yellow Turban Rebellion in the 180s A.D. Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei took an oath of fraternity in a ceremony in the Peach Garden (believed to be in present-day Zhuozhou, Hebei), and became sworn brothers from then on. Their goal in taking the oath was to protect the Han Empire from the Yellow Turban rebels. The oath bound the three men, who would later play important roles in the establishment of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. It is also often alluded to as a symbol of fraternal loyalty.

Blood brother
Blood brother can refer to two or more people not related by birth who have sworn loyalty to each other. This is in modern times usually done in a ceremony, known as a blood oath, where each person makes a small cut, usually on a finger, hand, or the forearm, and then the two cuts are pressed together and bound, the symbolism being that each person's blood now flows in the other participant's veins.

The act carries a risk due to blood-borne diseases. The process usually provides a participant with a heightened symbolic sense of attachment with the other participant.
Glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase 1
Glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase 1 also known as myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT-1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NMT1 gene. It belongs to the protein N-terminal methyltransferase and glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase family of enzymes. This enzyme can be inhibited by NMT inhibitors.

N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors
N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors are small molecules that target and inhibit N-myristoyltransferases, which block the addition of myristic acid to the penultimate glycine of proteins with myristoylation signal. The prototype is the DDD85646, and the analogues IMP-1088 and zelenirstat (PCLX-001). N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors have been shown to have potent antiviral and anti-neoplastic activities.
Timeline of Edinburgh history
This article is a timeline of the history of Edinburgh, Scotland, up to the present day. It traces its rise from an early hill fort and later royal residence to the bustling city and capital of Scotland that it is today.

Old Town, Edinburgh
The Old Town (Scots: Auld Toun) is the oldest part of Scotland's capital city of Edinburgh. The area has preserved much of its medieval street plan and many Reformation-era buildings. Together with the 18th/19th-century New Town, it forms part of a protected UNESCO World Heritage Site.
McJunkin Building
The McJunkin Building is located in Uptown, Chicago, at the corner of Wilson Avenue and Broadway. It was constructed in 1924. It is located adjacent to the Wilson station on the Chicago "L"; prior to 1949, that station was dual-level, with a lower ground-level portion and an upper elevated portion; access to the lower portion of the station was incorporated into the McJunkin Building.

Wilson station (CTA)
Wilson is an 'L' station on the CTA's North Side Main Line, located at 4620 North Broadway in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. It is served at all times by the Red Line and by the Purple Line on weekdays at rush hour.
Tretower Court
Tretower Court (Welsh: Llys Tre-tŵr) is a medieval fortified manor house in Wales, situated in the village of Tretower, near Crickhowell in modern-day Powys, previously within the historical county of Breconshire or Brecknockshire.

Crickhowell
Crickhowell (/krɪkˈhaʊəl/; Welsh: Crucywel pronounced [krɨkːəu̯ɛl], non-standard spelling Crughywel) is a  town and community in southeastern Powys, Wales, near Abergavenny, and was historically in the county of Brecknockshire.
Pathfinder National Wildlife Refuge
Pathfinder National Wildlife Refuge is located in the U.S. state of Wyoming and includes 16,807 acres (68 km2). The refuge is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, both agencies within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The refuge is divided into four sections adjacent to Pathfinder Reservoir and includes three campgrounds and three boat ramps. It is located in southern Natrona and northern Carbon counties. Pathfinder NWR is managed from the Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge which is located in Colorado.

The reservoir is used by numerous migratory bird species. The Pronghorn is commonly found on the refuge.

Located 20 miles southwest of Alcova, Wyoming via Wyoming Highway 220.

Natrona County, Wyoming
Natrona County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 79,955, making it the second-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Casper. Natrona County comprises the Casper metropolitan area. In 2010, the center of population of Wyoming was in Natrona County, near Alcova.
Toleni
Toleni   is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4408 people living in 864 individual households.

Doti District
Doti District (Nepali: डोटी जिल्ला pronounced [ɖoʈi] ⓘ), part of Sudurpashchim Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. This district, with Silgadhi as its headquarters, covers an area of 2,025 square kilometres (782 sq mi) with a population of 207,066 in 2001 and increasing marginally to 211,746 in 2011.
Sheikha bint Yousuf Al-Jufairi
Sheikha bint Yousuf Al-Jufairi (Arabic: شيخة بنت يوسف الجفيري) is a Qatari politician. Since 2003, she has served on the Central Municipal Council (CMC) in Qatar from the Airport constituency.

She holds a Bachelor of Laws degree from the Arab University of Beirut. She is the Head of the Legal Committee of the Council.

In October 2021 she was one of two women appointed to Qatar's advisory Shura Council.

Central Municipal Council
The first municipal council in Qatar was formed in the early 1950s and it was reorganized in 1956. Doha Municipality came into being in May 1963. The Ministry of Municipal Affairs was established in 1972 as a government body responsible for supervising the functions of municipalities.

Decree No 4 for 1963 organized, for the first time, the election and appointment of the members of the municipal council. Law No 11 for 1963 followed. It stipulated that the municipal council is formed by a decree and that the appointment of the members is based on the nomination of the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Agriculture. The first joint meeting of municipal councils in the country was held in 1983. Most of the credit goes to this meeting in deciding to form a central municipal council to replace the numerous municipal councils.

The council consists of 29-member civic body which has a four-year term and has representatives from all the 29 civic constituencies in the country.
Athanasios Parios
Athanasios Parios (Greek: Ἀθανάσιος Πάριος; 1722–1813) was a Greek hieromonk who was a notable theologian, philosopher, educator, and hymnographer of his time, and one of the "Teachers of the Nation" during the Modern Greek Enlightenment. He was the second leader of the Kollyvades Movement, succeeding Neophytos Kausokalyvites (1713–1784). He also authored the lives of various saints. Athanasios was born in Kostos, a small village of Paros, in the year 1722 and died in Chios in 1813. He is commemorated by the Greek Orthodox Church on June 24.

Despite this, modern Greek critics consider him a reactionary Orthodox fundamentalist, enemy of the Western European ideas of the French Revolution, opponent of Rigas Feraios and Adamantios Korais.

Paros
Paros (/ˈpɛərɒs/; Greek: Πάρος [ˈparos]; Venetian: Paro) is a Greek island in the central Aegean Sea and part of the Cyclades island group. It lies 8 kilometers (5 miles) west of Naxos, separated by a narrow channel and about 150 km (93 miles) south-east of Piraeus. The Municipality of Paros covers about 196.308 square kilometres (75.795 sq mi), including numerous uninhabited offshore islets. Its closest neighbor is the municipality of Antiparos, located to the southwest. In ancient Greece, the island was home to the city-state of Paros.

Historically, Paros was known for its fine white marble, which gave rise to the term Parian to describe marble or china of similar qualities. Today, working marble quarries and mines (as well as abandoned ones) can be found on the island, but Paros is primarily known as a popular tourist spot.
Carolus Luython
Carolus Luython (French: Charles Luython; 1557 – 2 August 1620) was a late Renaissance composer of the "fifth generation" of the Franco-Flemish school.

Luython was born in Antwerp and was recruited as a child to serve in the choir of Maximilian II in Vienna. After Maximillian's death in 1576, Luython became a court organist and in 1603 the court composer of his successor, Rudolf II, first in Vienna and then in Prague, while his fellow Fleming Philippe de Monte was kapellmeister from 1568 to 1603, together with the Germans Hans Leo Hassler and Jakob Hassler. After Rudolf II died in 1612, Luython was among many court officials dismissed without pension by Rudolf's successor Matthias. Luython was forced to sell his possessions, including his harpsichord, and died in poverty in Prague.

Franco-Flemish School
The designation Franco-Flemish School, also called Netherlandish School, Burgundian School, Low Countries School, Flemish School, Dutch School, or Northern School, refers to the style of polyphonic vocal music composition originating from France and from the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th and 16th centuries as well as to the composers who wrote it. The spread of their technique, especially after the revolutionary development of printing, produced the first true international style since the unification of Gregorian chant in the 9th century. Franco-Flemish composers mainly wrote sacred music, primarily masses, motets, and hymns.
Mark Twain (book)
Mark Twain (2025) is a non-fiction biography by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Ron Chernow, published on May 13, 2025, by Penguin Press. The book chronicles the life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain and praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced," with William Faulkner calling him "the father of American literature". Tracing Twain's journey from his Missouri childhood and early career as a steamboat pilot to his rise as a celebrated journalist, satirist, and author of classics such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chernow explores Twain's complex persona, political commentary, and engagement with issues like slavery amid America's 19th-century transformation. Drawing on archival materials, the biography examines Twain's pursuit of fame, financial struggles, personal tragedies, and enduring literary legacy.

Ron Chernow
Ronald Chernow (/ˈtʃɜːrnaʊ/; born March 3, 1949) is an American writer, journalist, and biographer. He has written bestselling historical non-fiction biographies.

Chernow won the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Biography and the 2011 American History Book Prize for his 2010 book Washington: A Life. He is also the recipient of the National Book Award for Nonfiction for his 1990 book The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance. His biographies of Alexander Hamilton (2004) and John D. Rockefeller (1998) were both nominated for National Book Critics Circle Awards. His biography of Hamilton inspired the popular Hamilton musical, which Chernow worked on as a historical consultant. For another book, The Warburgs: The Twentieth-Century Odyssey of a Remarkable Jewish Family, he was awarded the 1993 George S. Eccles Prize for Excellence in Economic Writing. As a freelance journalist, Chernow has written over sixty articles for various national publications.
2015 French Open – Girls' doubles
Miriam Kolodziejová and Markéta Vondroušová won the title, defeating Caroline Dolehide and Katerina Stewart in the final, 6–0, 6–3.

Ioana Ducu and Ioana Loredana Roșca were the defending champions, but were no longer eligible to participate in junior events.

Miriam Škoch
Miriam Škoch (née Kolodziejová; born 11 April 1997) is a Czech professional tennis player who has specialized in doubles.
On 16 May 2022, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 247. On 11 September 2023, she peaked at No. 41 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Škoch has won one doubles title on the WTA Tour and 8 doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. She has also won seven singles and 18 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Cornerhouse
Cornerhouse was a cinema and contemporary visual arts centre next to Oxford Road Station on Oxford Street, Manchester, England, from 1985 to 2015. It had three floors of art galleries, three cinemas, a bookshop, bar and café. Cornerhouse was operated by Greater Manchester Arts Centre Ltd, a registered charity.

Wilmslow Road
Wilmslow Road is a major road in Manchester, England, running from Parrs Wood northwards to Rusholme where it becomes the Oxford Road. The name of the road changes again to Oxford Street when it crosses the River Medlock before reaching Manchester city centre.

The road runs through the centres of Didsbury, Withington and Fallowfield, including the major student residential campus of Owens Park and Rusholme. Oxford Road passes through the University of Manchester campus, the Institute for Contemporary Theatre campus of BIMM University and the All Saints campus of the Manchester Metropolitan University. Several hospitals including the Christie Hospital and Manchester Royal Infirmary have been built along the road. It also features several parks and gardens such as Fletcher Moss Gardens, Platt Fields and Whitworth Park.

The road is part of a major bus corridor with bus movements of over one a minute at peak times and is a key centre for business, culture and higher education.